亚齐华裔的春节习俗 Yà Qí Huáyì De Chūnjié Xísú

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亚齐华裔的春节习俗 Yà Qí Huáyì De Chūnjié Xísú STRUKTUR, MAKNA, DAN FUNGSI PERAYAAN IMLEK PADA MASYARAKAT TIONGHOA DI GAMPONG PEUNANYONG, BANDA ACEH 亚齐华裔的春节习俗 Yà qí huáyì de chūnjié xísú Skripsi Oleh ELFIRA FAHRIAH NOOR 130710029 PROGRAM STUDI SASTRA CHINA FAKULTAS ILMU BUDAYA UNIVERSITAS SUMATERA UTARA MEDAN 2018 UNIVERSITAS SUMATERA UTARA LEMBAR PENGESAHAN PROPOSAL SKRIPSI Nama : Elfira Fahriah Noor Nim : 130710029 Judul : Struktur , Fungsi , Dan Makna Perayaan Imlek Pada Masyarakat Tionghoa Di Gampong Peunanyong, Banda Aceh . Telah memenuhi syarat dan disetujui untuk melaksanakan seminar proposal. Medan, 11 Oktober 2017 Pembimbing I, Pembimbing II, Drs. Muhammad Takari, M. Hum., Ph.D Julina B.A., MTCSOL NIP. 196512211991031001 Mengetahui Ketua Program Studi Sastra Cina Mhd. Pujiono, M.Hum., Ph.D. NIP. 196910112002121001 UNIVERSITAS SUMATERA UTARA ABSTRACT This Undergraduate thesis entitled "Structure, Meaning, And Function Of Chinese New Year Celebration In Peunanyong Village, Banda Aceh." The purpose of this study is to describe the series of celebration of Imlek, both of the function and meaning are contained in celebrating chinese new year. The research method used in this study is descriptive method by using qualitative approach the data collection, used is based on field studies, namely observation, interview, recording and literature study. This study used three theories to examine the research problem, such as the theory of Koentjananinggrat ceremonial to study the process of celebration structure, the theory of Barthes semiotic to study the meaning of celebration, the theory of Malinowski functionalism to study the function of celebration. The result of this study are: (1) The structure of Imlek celebration is begun with the new year, praying, giving of hungbao, put on lanterns and lion dance attraction. (2) the tradition of Imlek has a social function where it is time for family gathering. (3) The meaning of the celebration of imlek are to welcome the new year, to be grateful to get fortune in that year, and there is a tendency to change the values and knowledge about the tradition in young chinese generation. They have no longer paid special attention about it. The tradition of imlek that they do without knowing and understanding its meaning in depth. Keywords : Imlek. Barongsai, Lampion, Seudati, Tionghoa i UNIVERSITAS SUMATERA UTARA ABSTRAK Skripsi ini berjudul Struktur, Makna, dan Fungsi Perayaan Imlek di Gampong Peunanyong, Banda Aceh. Tujuan penelitian dalam menulis skripsi ini adalah untuk mendeskripsikan rangkaian perayaan Imlek, baik dari segi fungsi maupun makna yang terdapat didalam perayaan Imlek tersebut. Metode penelitian yang dipakai dalam penelitian ini adalah metode deskriptif dengan pendekatan kualitatif. Teknik pengumpulan data dalam penelitian ini berdasarkan studi lapangan, yaitu observasi, wawancara, rekaman, dan studi kepustakaan dan menggunakan narasumber kunci yang ikut andil dalam perayaan Imlek. Penelitian ini menggunakan tiga teori untuk mengkaji rumusan masalahnya, yaitu teori upacara Koentjaraningrat untuk mengkaji proses struktur perayaan, teori fungsionalisme Malinowski untuk mengkaji fungsi perayaan, teori semiotik Barthes untuk mengkaji makna perayaan. Hasil yang penulis dapat dari penelitian ini adalah : (1) Struktur perayaan Imlek dimulai dengan menyambut malam pergantian tahun; sembahyang imlek; pemberian hungbao; pemasangan lampion; dan atraksi barongsai. (2) Secara keseluruhan tradisi imlek ini mempunyai fungsi sosial memperat tali silaturahmi dimana pada momen ini masyarakat Tionghoa menggunakannya sebagai wadah berkumpul seluruh anggota keluarga. (3) Makna perayaan Imlek adalah menyambut datangnya tahun yang baru, pengucapan rasa syukur agar dapat rezeki dan keberuntungan lebih baik di tahun tersebut, dan adanya kecenderungan bergesernya nilai-nilai makna pada generasi muda saat ini serta pengetahuan kaum muda Tionghoa pada tradisi-tradisi imlek sangat kurang. Mereka sudah tidak lagi menaruh perhatian secara khusus terhadap makan tradisi imlek. Tradisi-tradisi imlek yang mereka lakukan tanpa mengetahui dan memahami maknanya secara mendalam. Kata Kunci : Imlek, Barongsai, Lampion, Seudati, Tionghoa ii UNIVERSITAS SUMATERA UTARA KATA PENGANTAR Puji syukur kami panjatkan kepada Allah SWT yang telah memberikan kesematan, kekuatan dan kesehatan untukbisa menyelesaikan skripsi yang berjudul "Struktur, Makna, dan Fungsi Perayaan Imlek Pada Masyarakat Tionghoa Di Gampong Peunanyong, Banda Aceh" . Penulisan skripsi ini diajukan untuk memenuhi salah satu syarat dalam rangka memperoleh gelar Sarjana Ilmu Budaya dari Program Studi Sastra Cina Fakultas Ilmu Budaya Universitas Sumatera Utara. Dalam penulisan Skripsi ini tidak terlepas dari hambatan dan kesulitan serta bantuan berbagai pihak yang telah memberikan dukungan, semangat, bimbingan dan doa kepada penulis, Oleh karena itu, pada kesempatan ini penulis mengucapkan terima kasih kepada: 1. Bapak Dr. Budi Agustono, M.S selaku Dekan Fakultas Ilmu Budaya dan pembantu Dekan I, II, III Fakultas Ilmu Budaya Universitas Sumatera Utara. 2. Bapak Mhd. Pujiono, M.Hum, Ph.D selaku ketua Program Studi Sastra China Fakultas Ilmu Budaya Universitas Sumatera Utara. 3. Ibu Niza Ayuningtias, S.S., MTCSOL selaku sekretaris Program Studi Sastra China Fakultas Ilmu Budaya Universitas Sumatera Utara. 4. Bapak Drs. Muhammad Takari, M.Hum.,Ph.D selaku dosen pembimbing I, yang telah dengan sabar membimbing,mengarahkan, memeriksa, dan iii UNIVERSITAS SUMATERA UTARA memberi masukan kepada penulis selama berlangsungnya proses penyusunan skripsi ini. 5. Laoshi Julina,B.A.,MTCSOL selaku dosen pembimbing II, yang telah dengan sabar dan menyediakan waktu untuk membimbing saya dalam menulis skripsi ini kedalam bahasa Mandarin. 6. Bapak/Ibu staf pengajar dan Administrasi Program Studi Sastra China Fakultas Ilmu Budaya Universitas Sumatera Utara yang telah mengajari dan memberikan ilmu yang dimiliki kepada penulis selaku mahasiswi Sastra China (S1) selama dimasa perkuliahan. 7. Kepada kedua Orangtua Penulis, Ibu Nur Asiah Rahma, dan Bapak Khairul Azwar yang selalu memberikan dukungan, doa, dan kasih sayang baik secara moril maupun materil. 8. Kepada kakak penulis Rafiqa S.Noor dan kembaran satu-satunya Elfina F.Noor yang selalu memberikan dukungan dan semangat. 9. Kepada sahabat-sahabat saya seperjuangan selama di Medan yang telah duluan menyelesaikan skripsi ini, mereka telah banyak membantu saya yang merepotkan ini Rayya,Olla,Mutia dan Icha. 10. Kepada Bunda Andreas, Yessi Laoshi, serta Zheng Laoshi yang telah banyak membantu dan mendoakan, serta Eric Yap dan Yan Ju Jun. 11. Teman-teman Mahasiswa Program Studi Sastra China Fakultas Ilmu Budaya Universitas Sumatera Utara stambuk 2013 yang menjadi rekan, sahabat dan teman seperjuangan dalam menempuh pendidikan di Sastra China tetap semangat kawan-kawan. iv UNIVERSITAS SUMATERA UTARA Penulis juga menyadari bahwa proposal skripsi ini masih jauh dari sempurna dan masih banyak terdapat kekurangan. Oleh karena itu, kritikan dan masukan kepada penulis sangat diharapkan. Penulis berharap semoga skripsi ini dapat bermanfaat bagi pembaca pada umumnya maupun jurusan Sastra China Fakultas Ilmu Budaya Universitas Sumatera Utara. Medan, Mei 2018 Penulis Elfira Fahriah Noor NIM 130710029 v UNIVERSITAS SUMATERA UTARA DAFTAR ISI Halaman ABSTRACT................................................................................................ i ABSTRAK................................................................................................ ii KATA PENGANTAR.............................................................................. iii DAFTAR ISI................................................................................................ vi DAFTAR GAMBAR................................................................................. ix DAFTAR TABEL...................................................................................... x BAB I PENDAHULUAN 1.1 Latar Belakang…………............................................................ 1 1.2 Batasan Masalah………….......................................................... 11 1.3 Rumusan Masalah…………….…............................................... 11 1.4 Tujuan Penelitian ......................................................................... 12 1.5 ManfaatPenelitian ....................................................................... 12 1.5.1 ManfaatTeoritis ............................................................ 12 1.5.2 ManfaatPraktis ............................................................. 13 BAB II TINJAUAN PUSTAKA 2.1 Tinjauan Pustaka ............................................................................ 14 2.2 Konsep ............................................................................................ 15 2.1.1 Struktur Upacara ............................................................. 16 2.1.2 Perayaan Imlek .............................................................. 8 2.1.3 Tradisi - Tradisi Imlek .................................................. 8 2.1.4. Masyarakat Tionghoa …………………...........…..…. 14 2.3 Landasan Teori............................................................................... 29 2.3.1 Teori Struktural ............................................................. 31 2.3.2 Teori Semiotik ............................................................. 32 2.3.3 Teori Fungsionalisme ...................................................... 34 BAB III METODE PENELITIAN 3.1 Metode Penelitian Deskriptif ......................................................... 37
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