Topic Two: Linking the nation 133 PRIMARY EDITION NOVEMBER 2016 |

FASTTRACKING THE FUTURE THE FASTTRACKING Macquarie’s Five Towns Five Macquarie’s http://www2.sl.nsw.gov.au/archive/discover_collections/history_nation/macquarie/ governor/towns.html transport of Sydney’s A summary history http://dictionaryofsydney.org/entry/transport?zoom_highlight=transport English K–10 increasingly and purposes using variety of audiences for a effectively communicates (EN3-1A) and features and language forms ideas, issues challenging topics, texts and coherent well-structured edits and presents (EN3-2A) composes, view read, to and knowledge of skills, strategies range uses an integrated (EN3-3A) technologies media and in different of texts a wide range and comprehend ideas and and critically about information interpretively creatively, thinks imaginatively, (EN3-7C) texts composing to and responding when texts connections between and identifies world, including aspects of their viewpoints different how considers identifies and (EN3-8D) in texts. represented are of culture, K–10 Science and global with local, national engage responsibly to willingness a demonstrates (ST3-2VA) futures shaping sustainable to and their lives, to relevant issues factors social and environmental and how in built environments describes systems (ST3-14BE) their design. influence Syllabus Links Syllabus K-10 Geography shape places - humans shape places that 3 - Factors Stage and environments of places characteristics and features describes the diverse (GE3-1) and environments places people, between and connections interactions explains (GE3-2) and environments on the management of places influences and contrasts compares (GE3-3) using geographical information geographical and communicates processes acquires, (GE3-4) inquiry. for tools K–10 History colonies Australian 3 - The Stage events and places groups, of people, the significance describes and explains (HT3-1) of Australia to the development time over Australia in of people living experiences different (HT3-2) describes and explains of changeand describes the causes and effects continuity change and identifies (HT3-3) society on Australian inquiry and communication. of skills of historical (HT3-5) applies a variety

Most appropriate appropriate Most and suggested level number of lessons 3 Stage term A full 10–week experiences of colonial Australians in Sydney’s North West? in Sydney’s Australians of colonial experiences to contribute archaeologists of historical the work does How past? our colonial understanding Gold Rush have and the Macquarie did Governor effects What NSW? and Sydney of the colony on expanding influenced in the 19th Century in transport developments What and surrounds? settlement and society in Sydney on society rail have of coming did the influences What and NSW? in Sydney and settlement patterns communities on have Northwest Metro Sydney will effects What region? North West in Sydney’s and development Shaping the colony: The impact of rail on Sydney’s North West North West on Sydney’s impact of rail The Shaping the colony: unit of work A complete – region has it changed? and how of Sydney region is the North West Where colonial of people in Australia’s about the lives know do we What know? do we and how past change the environment? settlement did colonial How one another? influence do people and environments How and the management of spaces places people influence do How within them? and the lives influence location geographical did How Unit or lesson title and main focus questions title and main focus Unit or lesson LINKING THE NATION

FAST FACTS FAST ON THE WEB DOWNLOAD INFO Web links Web

TOPIC TWO: i

Individual lessons below contain specific web links. The following are used more widely used more are following The web links. specific contain below Individual lessons unit. the across Information and Property Land and Services, Department of Finance NSW (SIXmaps) Exchange Information Spatial / http://maps.six.nsw.gov.au in 1912 and NSW in Sydney and tramways Maps of railways http://catalogue.nla.gov.au/Record/6933240 -f116-s2 http://nla.gov.au/nla.map Simple Mind or iThoughtsHD, as Inspiration, or Apps such Mind mapping programs as most only suggestions, are such as bubbl.us. These or mind mapping websites these tasks. use for they favourites their own have teachers useful. Me are or Show Apps such as Explain Everything Animation English Geography Science andScience Technology Key Learning Key Area History 132 This Stage 3 unit of work uses Sydney Metro Northwest to explore the coming of rail and other of rail the coming explore to Northwest Metro uses Sydney work 3 unit of Stage This region. West its North and Sydney of growth the influenced that events significant Teacher briefing Teacher

A COMPLETE UNIT OF WORK UNIT A COMPLETE SHAPING THE COLONY: THE IMPACT OF IMPACT THE COLONY: THE SHAPING – REGION WEST NORTH ON SYDNEY’S RAIL Topic Two: Linking the nation 135

PRIMARY EDITION NOVEMBER 2016 |

on the interactive whiteboard, show whiteboard, on the interactive FASTTRACKING THE FUTURE THE FASTTRACKING – Our place: Where is it and did it is it Where place: – Our http://maps.six.nsw.gov.au to view a current satellite image of the school and surrounding area. image of the school and surrounding satellite a current view to What suburbs surround us and how do we use them? do we and how us surround suburbs What be here? used to and what developed our area was When of Sydney? region is the North West Where „ „ „ and identify local sporting fields and shopping centres. Zoom out to display surrounding to display Zoom out centres. and identify local sporting fields and shopping cinemas visit such as major shopping malls, movie may students that suburbs and facilities these areas. to transport Discuss and sporting facilities. be here? used to and what developed our area was 3 – When Step Use SIX Maps developed. when the school opened and which suburb was Ask students http://maps.six.nsw.gov.au of the area 1943 aerial photo the corresponding between move to lever Use the transparency land use in 1943 with land use in the present. compare to Ask students image. and the current Learning Sequence 1 Sequence Learning this? look like always questions Focus „ „ „ information Background 1980s. the late from of Sydney region in the North West occurred Major development Highin 1986 and Cherrybrook opened was Cherrybrook School at Public John Purchase centre growth and it is an identified in the region Expansion continues School opened in 1992. build to with a plan in the future development and industrial retail commercial, residential, for on the Further information people. 200,000 an extra accommodate to homes more 70,000 at: is available Centres Growth http://growthcentres.planning.nsw.gov.au/Home.aspx experiences Learning them? use do we us and how suburbs surround 1 – What Step live. in which they of the place knowledge begin with the students’ the unit of work, introduce To shape places that and Factors and places People of Places; on Features draw activities These 1 and 2. in Stages undertaken 2 Step Using Google Maps or SIX Maps neighbourhood the surrounding show out to image of their school. Zoom a satellite students Where and why is Sydney Metro Northwest Northwest Metro is Sydney and why Where to be built? change Northwest Metro will Sydney How and settlement patterns communities region? in the North West been used have strategies communication What Northwest? Metro in planning Sydney What do we know about the lives of people in of people about the lives know do we What past? colonial Australia’s and the lives influence location geographical did How North in Sydney’s Australians of colonial experiences West? archaeologists of historical the work does How past? our colonial understanding to contribute of gold in NSW did the discovery effect What and NSW? in Sydney the colony have on expanding travel and NSW did people in Sydney How in the period 1850–1910? in the 19th Century in transport developments What Sydney and society in settlement influenced and surrounds? railways the first were and why where When, built? and NSW in Sydney communitiesrail on of the effects were What and surrounds? in Sydney and settlement patterns region the North West served links have rail What in the past? What suburbs surround us and how do we use them? do we us and how suburbs surround What used and what developed our area was When to be here? of Sydney? region is the North West Where did and how Macquarie Governor was Who colony? he expand the impact Aboriginal people? expansion colonial did How in of people about the lives know do we What know? do we and how past colonial Australia’s settlement change the environment? colonial did How one influence people and environments do How another? and the management places people influence do How within them? of spaces Focus questions Focus

LINKING THE NATION Where is it and did it always look like this? look like is it and did it always Where Learning sequence 1 sequence Learning Our place: Learning sequence 8 sequence Learning Northwest: Metro Sydney Causes and effects Learning sequence 7 sequence Learning of rail: advent The Changes and consequences Gold Rush: explosion Population 6 sequence Learning colony in a growing and transport Travel Learning sequence 5 sequence Learning Learning sequence 4 sequence Learning society:Colonial Hart Inn Case of the White Learning sequence 3 sequence Learning settlement Impact of colonial Learning sequence 2 sequence Learning Macquarie: Governor Expanding the colony Learning Sequence Learning TOPIC TWO: 1 9, 10 9, 7, 8 6 5 4 3 2 Week 134 Suggested term plan and lesson sequence summary sequence lesson plan and term Suggested Topic Two: Linking the nation 137 Image 2 PRIMARY EDITION NOVEMBER 2016 |

FASTTRACKING THE FUTURE THE FASTTRACKING http://maps.six.nsw.gov.au Image 3 Image 3 – 1943 image of same area. 35: Figure Image 1 Three screen shots of Cherrybrook from SIX Maps with John Purchase Public School and Cherrybook High School Public Purchase SIX Maps with John from shots of Cherrybrook screen Three of the image. in the centre image. satellite Image 1. Current land use. and present past showing image and 1943 overlay current Image 2. Combined Image 3. 1943 image of same area. LINKING THE NATION TOPIC TWO: 136 Image 2 – Combined current image and 1943 overlay showing past and present land use. and present past showing image and 1943 overlay current 34: Image 2 – Combined Figure Image 1 – Current satellite image. satellite 33: Image 1 – Current Figure http://maps.six.nsw.gov.au and 1943 aerial photograph (allowing time for it to stream). To overlay street names, select names, street overlay To stream). it to time for (allowing and 1943 aerial photograph – Dynamic Labels. – Map Layers Map Contents SIX Maps operates on iPads and tablets, laptops and computers and with most recent browsers. recent most and with and computers and tablets, laptops on iPads SIX Maps operates right, selecttop the at left. On the menu the top bar at in the Search in the location Type image satellite the current between move to Use the lever 1943 imagery. Sydney Basemaps then How to use SIX Maps to How Topic Two: Linking the nation 139 - PRIMARY EDITION NOVEMBER 2016 |

FASTTRACKING THE FUTURE THE FASTTRACKING http://www.lib.mq.edu.au/digital/lema/1821/1821farewell.html

“When I took Charge of this Government, on the 1st. of January 1810, I found the Colony I found of January 1810, on the 1st. of this Government, Charge I took “When and party spirit — discord with a famine; — threatened deterioration; of rapid in a state and decay; of dilapidation — all the public buildings in a state degree; a great to prevailing poor; very the inhabitants, generally bad; — very and those few and bridges, roads few very ebb. the lowest at and public credit and commerce condition: very different it in a I leave that reflect, to the happiness have I now — stock, improved; greatly in particular, and agriculture generally, of the Country — the face revived, — commerce established; some useful manufactories increased; of all kinds, greatly and useful public edifices number of substantial — a great restored; and public credit the Colony; throughout constructed and bridges of communication — good roads erected; opulent and happy.” — and the Inhabitants, comparatively, The traditional lands of the Darug people went from Parramatta to the base of the Blue the base of the to Parramatta from went of the Darug people lands traditional The impact on Aboriginal The expanding. was which the colony into the area was This Mountains. farms. for cleared were hunting grounds as traditional considerable people was increased. resistance as Aboriginal frontier on the erupted conflict As a result Further information 1792–1809’. colonisers and the British in NSW Aboriginal people ‘Incidents between http://k6.boardofstudies.nsw.edu.au/wps/portal/go/hsie/background-sheets/british colonisers-1792-1809 experiences Learning building legacy 1 – Macquarie’s Step and the early governors of Sydney on British colonisation their knowledge recall to Ask students Captain William King, Captain Phillip Gidley Captain John Hunter, Captain Arthur Phillip, of NSW: Lachlan Macquarie. Bligh, Colonel 2 Step the students. speech to farewell Macquarie’s of Governor this excerpt Read Source: http://growthcentres.planning.nsw.gov.au/Home.aspx LINKING THE NATION TOPIC TWO: http://adb.anu.edu.au/biography/macquarie-lachlan-2419 the Blue Mountains. (See web links). the Blue Mountains. (See web at: can be found biography Macquarie’s a major public works program in Sydney and Parramatta, and expanded the settlement west the settlement west and expanded and Parramatta, in Sydney program a major public works and Castlereagh. Wilberforce Richmond, Pitt Town, Windsor, at planning towns by of Sydney across exploration encouraging by of the Blue Mountains west the colony extended Macquarie Background information Background 1821. He undertook December January 1810 to from of NSW Governor was Macquarie Governor Who was Governor Macquarie and how did he expand the colony? did he expand and how Macquarie Governor was Who impact Aboriginal people? expansion did colonial How Focus questions Focus Learning Sequence 2 – Governor Macquarie: 2 – Governor Sequence Learning Expanding the colony Metro Northwest will have on future development in the communities of the North West region. of the North West in the communities development on future will have Northwest Metro the growth of linear settlements along the roads, introduces students to this growth and change this growth to students introduces along the roads, of linear settlements the growth Sydney of the influence an understanding It also establishes region. North West in Sydney’s settlements along a road, a river or a railway. In nucleated settlements, the dwellings formed settlements, the dwellings In nucleated or a railway. a river settlements along a road, junctions. road at centres or small commercial such as villages clusters, settlements, and of nucleated establishment about Macquarie’s learning experience, next The In the early dispersed settlement of the North West region, the dwellings were scattered scattered were the dwellings region, of the North West In the early dispersed settlement linear formed the dwellings where grew, apart. Linear settlements far very houses were and farm Explain that Sydney Metro Northwest is to be built from Chatswood to Rouse Hill. Rouse to Chatswood be built from is to Northwest Metro Sydney Explain that with the class of settlement patterns 7 – Discuss Step Step 6 Step 138 Show the North West Growth Centre map map Centre Growth the North West Show Step 5 Step expansion. further with plans for area is a growth of Sydney region the North West Explain that in the north west strip on the screen and discuss travel within the region, into Parramatta Parramatta into within the region, travel and discuss on the screen strip in the north west District. Business Central and to Sydney’s Use SIX Maps, with Dynamic Labels on, to zoom out to show the North West region. West the North show out to zoom Dynamic Labels on, to Use SIX Maps, with left top Hill in the and Rouse of the screen right corner the bottom Epping at (Tip: position the names of the suburbs List and north west. west, north, south, east, Identify hand corner). Step 4 – Where is the North West region of Sydney? region West is the North 4 – Where Step Topic Two: Linking the nation 141 PRIMARY EDITION NOVEMBER 2016 |

FASTTRACKING THE FUTURE THE FASTTRACKING Journal of a Tour of Governor Macquarie’s first Inspection of the Interior of the Colony of the of the Interior Inspection first Macquarie’s Governor of a Tour Journal of 61. 1810. Page the 6th. Nov. on Tuesday Commencing Towns and five the Day of christening this auspicious celebrated sufficiently “Having the security and accommodation for established and be erected to intended Townships, of the Rivers on the Banks Country, others inhabiting the Cultivated of the Settlers and influence their exert to present Gentlemen the to recommended I Nepean; and Hawkesbury Flocks their Habitations, time in removing lose no them to in stimulating with the Settlers and plans inmy intentions fulfil and thereby and security, of safety these Places to & Herds them”.establishing Macquarie’s achievements. Macquarie’s http://www.smh.com.au/opinion/politics/the-visionary-we-need-right-now-20091229-lira.html 1821. – January 1810 – November NSW erected Schedule of public buildings and works https://www.records.nsw.gov.au/archives Step 5 Step towns. the five he established why explaining below the transcript Read http://www2.sl.nsw.gov.au/archive/discover_collections/history_nation/macquarie/governor/ journal.html 6Step to individuals or pairs of towns Macquarie of the five one allocate strategy, Using the jigsaw then form Students town. about their allocated and read view to the website use They students. their information. to share of five groups http://www.lpi.nsw.gov.au/land_titles/historical_research task) map (an assessment 7 – Story Step be on could This in Sydney. expansion colonial map of Macquarie’s a story sketch Students an create Me’ to or ‘Show using the Apps, ‘Explain Everything’ and recorded paper or drawn colony. on settlement of the influence Macquarie’s illustrating animation links web resources Additional LINKING THE NATION A screen image of the 1822 map showing the five Macquarie towns on the NSW State Library website. Library State on the NSW towns Macquarie the five image of the 1822 map showing A screen TOPIC TWO: 140 http://www2.sl.nsw.gov.au/archive/discover_collections/history_nation/macquarie/governor/ towns.html Show students the 1822 map showing the five Macquarie towns located along the Hawkesbury- located towns Macquarie the five the 1822 map showing students Show and Wilberforce. Pitt Town Richmond, Castlereagh, Windsor, Nepean River: Discuss the impacts of Macquarie’s building program on the colony. building program the impacts of Macquarie’s Discuss towns Macquarie 4 – The Step Note: Flash Player is needed to use the State Library Governor Macquarie interactive collections interactive Macquarie Governor Library use the State is needed to Flash Player Note: on iPads. and thus not accessible Figure 36: Figure Students view the State Library’s Macquarie resource, Colonial city panorama: Colonial resource, Macquarie Library’s the State view Students http://www2.sl.nsw.gov.au/archive/discover_collections/history_nation/macquarie/governor/ Step 3 Step Topic Two: Linking the nation 143 PRIMARY EDITION NOVEMBER 2016 |

- George Suttor - George Joyce - William Doyle) of Andrew (wife - Sophia Doyle . Governor Phillip gave land for farms at Windsor, Richmond Windsor, at farms land for Phillip gave . Governor FASTTRACKING THE FUTURE THE FASTTRACKING - Matthew Pearce Pearce - Matthew McDougall - Andrew - John Smith de Clambe) as Baron (also known de Vernicourt Lalouette - Pierre http://nla.gov.au/nla.map-nk2456-106 colony, but it meant further dispossession for the Darug who had to fight for their survival fight had to the Darug who for but it meant further dispossession colony, for manycontinued Conflict Darug attacks. from the farmers protect sent to Soldiers were had increased population in 1810 the European arrived Macquarie Governor the time By years. the effect conflict, of by had been reduced while the Darug population than 11,500 more to survivors were there of their land. However, the loss due to and hardship diseases introduced today. in Darug country live still of their descendants and many an area, Sydney an early settler in the North West investigate to in groups work Students and oranges produced that and orchards and corn wheat sheep and cattle, for important area students choose one Scaffold, Pioneer Research sheet 3 (page 179), other fruit. Using Activity from: 1810, before of the colony, land in the early years local pioneer who had been granted or digital document. display wall a ‘Pioneer Gallery’, as a classroom creates Class Explain that the colonists found Sydney Cove unsuitable for farming. The soil was poor, the seeds poor, soil was The farming. for unsuitable Cove Sydney found the colonists Explain that a and after summer, Sydney of a extremes the to not suited with them were had brought they to parties out search Phillip sent Governor of starvation. on the verge was the colony poor harvest, Rose Hill.at Farm a Government he established 1788 November farming and in for land find better Stores Government into went produced they and whatever the farm on worked Convicts and to ex-convicts settlers, soldiers and free land to grant Phillip decided to Governor Then grow to expected was the grant person who received The workers. them with convict provide and perhaps make workers and their convict their families themselves, support enough to to be people had fewer that This meant produced. food they extra selling any by some profit Stores the Government from supported good soil, or river, a creek (near farming land for be the best would what Ask students of the same the importance consider to Ask students big trees). many with not too grassland Aboriginal people to type of areas in 1788, Hill (Parramatta) Rose at set up, were Farms a number of Government Explain that than with more the largest, was Hill farm Castle The Hill in 1801. and Castle in 1791 Toongabbie the main from away well clear the land. It was to employed were convicts 474 hectares. 34,000 after who arrived Irish convicts, the troublesome keep to place a safe and considered towns pigs and had a and cattle and corn, wheat produced farm The a series of uprisings in Ireland. smaller scale However, the colony. for food part in providing an important It played vineyard. also contributed farmers Toongabbie of Parramatta, of early views or digital copies printed skills. Display Observation the landscape identify how to Ask students 1 (page 175-176). Sheet Hill – Resource and Castle or and the results the change for the reasons discuss then has been changed in each picture, Sheet 2 (page 177) Activity complete Students and the Darug. both the colonists impact, for along the expanded the colony how show map of the Cumberland Plain to 1824 the Display of Australia Library National at: Darug). Map available the as Derrubin to (known Hawkesbury-Nepean - the of the survival vital to was in these places produced food The Ferry. near Wisemans and the area „ „ „ „ „ „ „ „ „ „ Pioneers 4 - Local Step „ „ Step 3 - Changing the environment 3 - Changing Step „ „ „ „ „ „

Aborigines of the Hills District.Aborigines of

LINKING THE NATION https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=1Nh6TRRdmac TOPIC TWO: Students can find a picture of Pemulwuy atPemulwuy of can find a picture Students http://www.sl.nsw.gov.au/events/exhibitions/2006/eora/images/s11.html First Pemulwuy from a film clip on can view their timelines, students completing After Australians: Explain that some Darug people co-operated with the British but some fiercely resisted andresisted fiercely with the British but some some Darug people co-operated Explain that one of these. was get rid of them. Pemulwuy to fought these primary source through Read on Pemulwuy. Sheet 1 (page 170-174) Activity Distribute the arrange Students and phrases. words unfamiliar any explaining with students, extracts life. a timeline of Pemulwuy’s then construct order, chronological into sources Speculate with students about why some Aboriginal people fought back against the British, back against some Aboriginal people fought about why with students Speculate and settlers. convicts and attacking farms from taking food section of Settlement’ of ‘European Guided reading Explain to students that the British did not recognise Aboriginal people’s connection to their to connection Aboriginal people’s did not recognise the British that students Explain to no-one the land belonged to he believed in 1770 Australia reached Captain Cook land. When he claimed this idea. Ignoring Aboriginal ownership, Phillip continued Governor nullius). (terra land and gave built roads and farms, towns the British king. He established all the land for with Aboriginal or treaty compensation – without soldiers, settlers and ex-convicts to grants them. affect this would how people and without considering Discuss with students how Aboriginal people’s curiosity and friendliness towards the British towards friendliness curiosity and Aboriginal people’s how with students Discuss stay. to here the British were it became clear that once and hostility mistrust to way gave „ „ „ „ „ „ „ „ 142 „ „ „ „ „ Step 2 - Resistance to the British to 2 - Resistance Step „ „ Step 1 - Changing relations Step „ Lesson steps Lesson For teacher background on Pemulwuy, see the Australian Dictionary Biography, available online. online. available Dictionary Biography, see the Australian on Pemulwuy, background teacher For http://adb.anu.edu.au/biography/pemulwuy-13147 Background information Background the for appropriate of print and digital resources, of a range be aware need to Teachers activities in this lesson. the research to relevant and abilities of their students, interests How do people influence places and the management of spaces within them? and the management of spaces places do people influence How How did colonial settlement change the environment? settlement change did colonial How one another? influence do people and environments How Focus questions Focus know? do we how and past colonial of people in Australia’s the lives about know do we What Learning sequence 3 - Impact of colonial settlement. of colonial 3 - Impact sequence Learning Topic Two: Linking the nation 145 Australian Government Government Australian PRIMARY EDITION NOVEMBER 2016 Cumberland Plain Shale Woodlands and Cumberland Plain Shale Woodlands |

FASTTRACKING THE FUTURE THE FASTTRACKING Remnants of Cumberland Plain Woodlands in the Sydney Basin. in the Sydney of Cumberland Plain Woodlands Remnants Figure 37: Figure community. ecological threatened the nationally identifying and protecting A guide to Forest: Transition Shale Gravel 7. 3.31, p. Statement Policy 1999, Act Conservation and Biodiversity Protection Environmental Heritage and Arts, 2010. Water, Department of the Environment,

LINKING THE NATION FAST FACTS FAST ON THE WEB DOWNLOAD INFO Web links and further information Web TOPIC TWO: i Aborigines in the Hills District http://www.thehills.nsw.gov.au/About-The-Sydney-Hills/History-of-The-Hills-Shire paintings used in ‘Changing the landscape’Links for South Wales New of John McArthur Esq near Parramatta Residence http://sydneylivingmuseums.com.au/sites/default/files/styles/heroimages/public/LON10_ EFGB_039_2.jpg?itok=SNedhkLx 1809 J.W.Lewin, of part of Parramatta, A view http://www.migrationheritage.nsw.gov.au/homepage/index.html 1804-5 around House, of Government the gates from Parramatta Street George http://dictionaryofsydney.org/place/parramatta Hill Castle Farm Government http://historyservicesnswblog.blogspot.com.au/2011/05/castle-hill-heritage-park.html https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=1Nh6TRRdmac Australians: First from Pemulwuy Display the crest of the Hills Shire Council and ask students to identify its features and its features identify to and ask students Council Shire of the Hills the crest Display at can be found of the crest A detailed description area. of the the history them to relate http://www.thehills.nsw.gov.au/files/sharedassets/public/ecm-website-documents/page- documents/council/about-the-hills-shire-council/council_clues_5_-_from_humble_beginnings.pdf Students design a monument to remember the Darug people who lived here before the arrival before here the Darug people who lived remember design a monument to Students 25 words an inscription of sculpture, of an appropriate sketch of the British. It should include a the monument might be located. where for and a suggestion Explain that the population of the Sydney region has increased from fewer than 5,000 than fewer from has increased region of the Sydney the population Explain that 5 million people today. almost to in 1788 arrived Europeans Aboriginal people before of although pockets the environment, changes to in extensive has resulted growth This like. once it was of what as a reminder Parks and National reserves in bushland remain in the Sydney basin. Explain that in 1788 Cumberland Plain Woodlands covered approximately approximately covered Cumberland Plain Woodlands in 1788 basin. Explain that in the Sydney of local Aboriginal the livelihood crucial in sustaining Basin and were of the Sydney 30 per cent as settlement spread been reduced have areas time these important ecological Over people. the Cumberland Plain across of Cumberland Plain and loss the reduction for reasons possible and suggest discuss Students areas Woodlands Darug country: Parramatta, Ryde, Prospect, and Blacktown. Refer to Resource Sheet 2, page 178 Sheet 2, Resource to Refer and Blacktown. Prospect, Ryde, Parramatta, Darug country: of the and environment which aspects of the people and discuss each crest analyse Students out. left aspects are and which represented are past of Cumberland Plain Woodlands the remnants 145 showing Page 37, map Figure the Display Provide printed or digital images of the crests of the councils covering what once was once what covering of the councils of the crests or digital images printed Provide „ „ „ „ „ „ „ 144 Step 5 - Acknowledging our history 5 - Acknowledging Step „ Extension activities Extension „ „ „ Step 6 - To sum up sum 6 - To Step „ „ „ Topic Two: Linking the nation 147

reported that two people two that reported , March 1881 (Figure 40). 1881 (Figure , March PRIMARY EDITION NOVEMBER 2016 |

Sydney Mail Sydney FASTTRACKING THE FUTURE THE FASTTRACKING 24 February 1937, p.42). 1937, February 24 After the archaeological excavation began, it became clear that one of the piers for the viaduct design for the the viaduct design for one of the piers for began, it became clear that excavation the archaeological After http://www.sydneymetro.info/white-hart-inn The Australian, Windsor, Richmond, and Hawkesbury Advertiser Richmond, and Hawkesbury Windsor, Australian, The Sydney Mail Sydney no known contemporary images of the building complex have been located. have images of the building complex contemporary no known published in an auction advertisement occurs standing still mention of the inn when it was last The in when the in 1937 mentioned was times it was One of the last made “convict of which comprised the remains Hart Inn site” of the “White the site had found in it.water with clear preservation well in perfect “an ancient bricks…a fine old mounting block” and feet below” twelve reflection own my I photographed that the water So clear was ( Remains of the White Hart Inn were discovered a short distance from the junction of Windsor the junction from a short distance discovered Inn were Hart White of the Remains by and excavated located inn was The 2013. in December Kellyville at Roads Windsor and Old project. Northwest Metro the Sydney for Early Works during the archaeologists excavated was site the so law NSW by protected are this, as such sites, archaeological Important destroyed. not accidentally it was there, Hart Inn was White if the that, sure make to 39: Figure conserve to adjusted position of the pier was of the inn. The and the remains site impact the excavation would Skytrain the site. 1833. least at from site on the an inn had existed that suggest maps and drawings Colonial records, it is mentioned in historical While history. Hart Inn’s the White shrouds However, mystery LINKING THE NATION Artist’s impression of the White Hart Inn (circa 1840s). Original illustration by I. Golka 2014. I. Golka by Original illustration 1840s). Hart Inn (circa of the White impression Artist’s TOPIC TWO: 146 Figure 38: Figure The White Hart Inn White The Berowra River. The dates attributed to excavated sites and artefacts indicate that Aboriginal that indicate and artefacts sites excavated to attributed dates The River. Berowra built in were the pyramids the time before from area and used the Kellyville people occupied settlement of Sydney. the historic to Egypt occupied the land around Kellyville and present-day Castle Hill. They spoke a Darug hinterland a spoke Hill. They Castle present-day and Kellyville the land around occupied the in the south to Appin people on the Cumberland Plain from Aboriginal dialect used by and River the Lane Cove Parramatta, River, of the Georges in the north, west River Hawkesbury Pre and post contact history contact and post Pre and about the lives evidence Hart Inn provide the White around excavations Archaeological clan Bidjigal The contact. European before Sydney North West activities of Aboriginal people in Background information Background Sydney’s North West? North West? Sydney’s past? our colonial understanding to contribute archaeologists historical of does the work How What do we know about the lives of people in Australia’s colonial past? colonial of people in Australia’s the lives about know do we What in Australians colonial of experiences and the lives influence location did geographical How White Hart Inn White questionFocus Learning Sequence 4 – Colonial society: Case of the Case of society: 4 – Colonial Sequence Learning Topic Two: Linking the nation 149

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FASTTRACKING THE FUTURE THE FASTTRACKING Bushranger stealthily robbing a traveller sleeping in the bush,’ Nicholas Chevalier, Nicholas Chevalier, bush,’ sleeping in the a traveller robbing stealthily Bushranger where the country was rough, and by locally built wagons and carriages travelling the open road. and carriages travelling locally built wagons and by rough, was the country where the transport 1863, By and dangerous. overused were Most hired. old. Some were were Vehicles mail and of in the speedier delivery resulting and Co, of Cobb changed with the arrival scene an exhausting was in the early colony travel Road passengers. for journey comfortable more was expense The complete. to days hours, even many take could A journey experience. on horseback might a traveller While and sometimes fatal. common were Accidents prohibitive. kilometres. 5-10 a mere cover would and coaches bullock drays in a day, 50 kilometres cover sight. a welcome inn was the roadside the end of the journey At and the military as judges, administrators entrepreneurs, farmers, explorers, Inns followed and with food travellers providing In addition to expanded. and the colony settlement spread to inquiries, places colonial for houses, venues inns also functioned as court accommodation, socialise. to local residents points for and gathering business, transact railways 1860, After and 1840. 1820 between inns peaked of roadside construction The Hart, declined. the White and inns, like travel coach gained popularity and the demand for lapsed. licenses after residences private Many became Figure 41: Figure MP00/00/56/2. of Victoria Library State Inns and travel Colonial runs coach were establishments of these main patrons The in Australia. a long history Inns have mail establish to tenders invited government the colonial and mail. In 1828 passengers transporting and pack animals saddle by undertaken was of letters the transportation Initially, carriage services. wide and the alignment marked by rows of edging rows by wide and the alignment marked stones. its for pay to introduced was system A toll a regular In 1824 and maintenance. construction between established was service coach passenger suspended. but later and Windsor, Parramatta about and travellers landowners from Complaints continued Road of the Old Windsor the poor state decades. the following through and Road the Windsor Hart Inn fronted White The John Moss to built on land originally granted was Hugh Kelly. to the land passed In time, in 1810. in the late Kelly it from purchased Cox William James Gough, an ex-convict, 1820s and employed design and build the inn.to lined the Windsor Road. Many were deserted, left deserted, were Many Road. Windsor lined the White demolished. As such, the and later decay, to of its because resource cultural Hart is a significant about information provide to and potential rarity, functions and domestic commercial the structure, colony. of inns in the early Road Windsor The were Roads and Old Windsor Road Windsor The Parramatta, linking in the early colony lifelines They beyond. towns and Macquarie’s Windsor of the in the settlement role a key played South of New and development Hawkesbury Wales. In 1813 1794. laid out in was Road Old Windsor The a hilly section of avoid to realigned was the road Construction Hills. Seven day present land around Built by began in 1810. Road Windsor of the new 32 feet was in 1812 it labour and completed convict Little is known about the colonial inns that once inns that about the colonial Little is known

12 March 1881. 12 March LINKING THE NATION The Australian, Windsor, Richmond Windsor, Australian, The Advertisement for the auction of the for Advertisement TOPIC TWO: 148 place for convict escapees to hide, and for bushrangers to lie in wait for bullock drays, coaches bullock drays, for lie in wait to bushrangers and for hide, escapees to convict for place travellers. and foot time the White Hart Inn was constructed. constructed. Hart Inn was time the White an ideal and the bush proved and lonely, isolated was and Windsor Kellyville between road The and Hawkesbury Advertiser, and Hawkesbury Windsorflow along the traffic and increased of farms the establishment of land grants, In spite the at Hill and Windsor Castle between or villages existed no towns Roads, and Old Windsor Figure 40: Figure Hart Hotel, White Topic Two: Linking the nation 151 PRIMARY EDITION NOVEMBER 2016 |

FASTTRACKING THE FUTURE THE FASTTRACKING Convict gangs were a constant presence on the Windsor Road. Government gaol gang, lithograph by gaol gang, lithograph Government Road. on the Windsor presence a constant gangs were Convict Hidden Heart: The unfolding mystery of Kellyville’s White Hart Inn. White of Kellyville’s mystery unfolding Hidden Heart: The http://www.sydneymetro.info/white-hart-inn experiences Learning Hart Inn of the White 1 – Archaeology Step in of archaeologists and the role of archaeology understanding students’ explores Teacher the past. uncovering evidence. using material of the past remains the physical study archaeologists Explain that South in New Explain that remains. on historical Others focus the ancient past. Some study using historical of the past remains of the physical is the study archaeology historical Wales is to purpose of archaeology The settlement in 1788. European since documentation documents provide. written that supplement the knowledge Figure 43: Figure Society. Historical Australian Royal side collection, glass Walker Frank Earle c. 1830, Augustus Further information

situated in the vicinity of the White Hart Inn. Kelly was Hart Inn. Kelly the vicinity of the White in situated in 1808. He died a wealthy pardoned an ex-convict of land including acres 4,010 leaving man in 1835, on the 2,200 acres and over Kellyville at 1,600 acres James and Isabella Acres, Goulburn Plain. George John Hillas and John Lucy, Mileham and his daughter land settlers who had been granted free were Tibbett Hart. of the White distance within walking William Cox and builder of the White Hart Inn. and builder of the White Cox William district in the Hawkesbury Cox for Gough worked By then, Richmond and Windsor. Castlereagh, at builder with assigned a contract Gough was and an apprentice. tradesmen convict Hart Inn White a publican of the was Tighe Sarah of the this she had been licensee to Prior 1832-1833. A widow, Road. on the Windsor Emu Inn also situated Oak the Royal at she married John Booth, publican as role light on women’s casts Her story Inn in 1839. and on their rights to colony in the early innkeepers own unable to were Women law. under the property or legally widowed unless until the 1870s property their husband. from separated Inn, of the Bird-In-Hand the owner was Hugh Kelly James Gough was an ex-convict, employee of employee an ex-convict, James Gough was

LINKING THE NATION TOPIC TWO: 150 police and mounted troopers would have been regular visitors. been regular have would troopers and mounted police common for ex-convicts to become prominent people in society – for instance, Mary Wade, Francis Mary Wade, instance, people in society – for prominent become to ex-convicts for common members of the military, such as magistrates, authorities and James Gough. Colonial Greenway Convict escapees known as ‘bushmen’, on the run from the local constabulary, may have hidden have may the local constabulary, from as ‘bushmen’, on the run escapees known Convict among frequenters of conversation as a hot topic bush and served and camped in the surrounding It was landowners. and even cooks as servants, positions various assumed the inn. Ex-convicts to and construction workers. Between the 1820s and 1830s the assignment of convicts to private private to of convicts the 1820s and 1830s the assignment Between workers. and construction on road worked under sentence, Others, still of employment. became their main form employers in the 1840s. Road Gang, which maintained the Windsor 12 Road the No. gangs like The inn also attracted others either passing through, working or living in the vicinity. Convicts were were Convicts or living in the vicinity. working through, passing others either inn also attracted The builders servants, domestic and timber-getters, hands, land clearers farm as working present, ever bailing up bullock drays and travellers. Donohoe was shot and killed in a gunfight with mounted Donohoe was and travellers. bailing up bullock drays bushrangers. convict the last as one of He is remembered in 1830. near Campbelltown police on the roads. about crime and mayhem reports with rife the time were at newspapers Colonial Frank Walker, 1923, Royal Australian Historical Society. Historical Australian Royal 1923, Walker, Frank 1827 around Road the Windsor worked have to reported a bushranger, Bold Jack Donohoe was William Cox, first owner of the White Hart Inn, White owner of the first Cox, 42: William Figure White Hart Inn. Its first owner, William Cox, was a free settler, magistrate, road builder and farmer. road builder and magistrate, settler, was a free Cox, William owner, Hart Inn. Its first White Residents, guests and locals guests Residents, the at the case this was Certainly, society. of colonial cross-section an interesting Inns attracted Topic Two: Linking the nation 153

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FASTTRACKING THE FUTURE THE FASTTRACKING http://www.sydneymetro.info/white-hart-inn Artefacts uncovered during the excavation of the White Hart Inn, Kellyville. View these artefacts these artefacts View Hart Inn, Kellyville. of the White during the excavation uncovered Artefacts Teacher and class sort artefacts and place each under one of the following categories: diet; categories: following each under one of the place and sort artefacts and class Teacher architectural/building; hygiene; personal; transport; kitchen; and writing; economy; drawing and clothing. recreation; agricultural/farming; information and provide identify the function or purpose of the artefact categories (These with artefacts, Sheet 6: Working Activity distributes Teacher and activities). lives about people’s questions. to and respond discuss students page 182. In groups, 3 – Location Step Parramatta connecting main roads were Road and Windsor Road the Old Windsor Explain that why. Discuss heritage significance. and national of state Both are and Windsor. and Windsor Road ‘Old Windsor to refer of these roads on the heritage status information For Heritage Precincts’. Road http://www.environment.nsw.gov.au/heritageapp/ViewHeritageItemDetails.aspx?id=4301011 to: refer Road Old Windsor and Road of the Windsor on the history further information For station Kellyville house site 1860s of excavation Archaeological report: Excavation the end of this lesson). links at web to B.4-B.6 (PDF) (Refer pp. 2015 October Northwest, Metro Sydney Figure 45: Figure at list and their identification is it made of? is it? What made it? What Who and discuss: each artefact observe Students a mind creates used it? Teacher have may Who it used for? was What it made? was Where responses. collate map to LINKING THE NATION Archaeologists excavating the White Hart Inn, Sydney Metro Northwest. Metro Inn, Sydney Hart the White excavating Archaeologists TOPIC TWO: An artefact is an object produced by human activity. In historical archaeology the term archaeology In historical human activity. by is an object produced An artefact also may term deposits. The within occupation small objects contained to usually refers pollen). example, (for features and ecological or plant remains food encompass Metro | Sydney station | Kellyville 1860s house site of excavation Archaeological of terms. Glossary 2015, 16 October Northwest, Apart from examining the physical remains of a site what other sources might historical other sources what of a site remains the physical examining Apart from the past? together piece use to archaeologists How do historical archaeologists know where to dig? to where know archaeologists do historical How dig? when they looking for archaeologists are What „ „ „ 152 sources, used by White Hart Inn archaeologists to determine the location of the inn, and piece the location determine to Hart Inn archaeologists White used by sources, images and and displays with students ‘artefact’ the term discusses Teacher its story. together Hart Inn.White at the found of 12 artefacts list an identification Students complete Activity Sheet 5, White Hart Inn - sources of evidence, page 181 which lists page of evidence, Hart Inn - sources Sheet 5, White Activity complete Students „ „ In groups, students discuss the following questions and record ideas on a mind map. and record questions following the discuss students In groups, responses. Groups share „ Step 2 – Puzzle of the White Hart Inn 2 – Puzzle of the White Step Students use Activity Sheet 4: Information overview - White Hart Inn, (page 180) to compile Hart Inn, (page 180) to - White overview Information Sheet 4: use Activity Students is added as the Further information clip. Tube in the You contained information and categorise progresses. learning sequence the White Hart Inn was built on the Windsor Road, its construction, and what the site and the site and what its construction, Road, built on the Windsor Hart Inn was the White and society in the early colony. about life reveal artiefacts https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=6Byjn2qiI9w Show YouTube clip: ‘White Hart Inn heritage find’. clip: ‘White YouTube Show why Hart Inn explain White the who excavated the archaeologists to and listen view Students Figure 44: Figure Topic Two: Linking the nation 155

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Archaeological assessment and research design Swann Inn: design Swann and research assessment Archaeological FASTTRACKING THE FUTURE THE FASTTRACKING , Sydney Metro Northwest, Figure 2.2. Figure Northwest, Metro , Sydney Bemi’s Castle Hill Parish map, 1840. Taken from from Taken 1840. map, Hill Parish Castle Bemi’s Figure 47: Figure Hart Drive White Road to Old Windsor LINKING THE NATION Aerial view of the intersection of Old Windsor and Windsor Road, Kellyville, Sydney Metro North West. Metro Sydney Kellyville, Road, Windsor and of Old Windsor of the intersection view Aerial TOPIC TWO: Parish of Castle Hill map circa 1860, on which original grantees and acreages are clearly are and acreages on which original grantees 1860, Hill map circa of Castle Parish the 1840s and 1860s. between little change in land ownership map indicates labelled. The Bemi’s Castle Hill Parish map (1840) created a decade after the construction of the White the construction a decade after map (1840) created Hill Parish Castle Bemi’s in the vicinity of the Road the Windsor to adjacent land grants map shows Hart Inn. The Hill and Rouse Kellyville between of the skytrain the route Hart Inn, and tracks White „ „ 154 „ Students examine two historic maps: historic two examine Students „ Explain that Kellyville was probably named after Hugh Kelly, an ex-convict and owner of the of and owner an ex-convict Hugh Kelly, named after probably was Kellyville Explain that and Nowhere.’ as ‘There as known Originally the area Estate. Kellyville Step 3 – From ‘There and Nowhere’ to Rouse Hill 1840s Rouse to and Nowhere’ ‘There 3 – From Step In pairs, students share observations, discuss why people work and live along major transport and live people work why discuss observations, share In pairs, students North in Sydney’s communities important to remains Road the Windsor and why today routes settlement. changed since have and its surrounds Road the Windsor about how Speculate West. between Kellyville and Rouse Hill. This is the immediate vicinity of the White Hart Inn. Students vicinity of the White is the immediate Hill. This and Rouse Kellyville between buildings and areas Note and transport. networks road land use, suburbs, open spaces, observe value. and heritage significance of ongoing historic Commence the journey. Not far from the intersection on the left of the Windsor Road lie the Road on the left of the Windsor the intersection from far Not the journey. Commence on the section of road Focus along the road. Hart Inn. Proceed the White of capped remains Figure 46: Figure http://www.sydneymetro.info/white-hart-inn below for assistance. assistance. for below Project a Google satellite image of Windsor Road, Kellyville onto the interactive whiteboard. whiteboard. the interactive onto Kellyville Road, image of Windsor satellite a Google Project the aerial photo to Refer Road. and Windsor Road of the Old Windsor the intersection Locate Topic Two: Linking the nation 157 PRIMARY EDITION NOVEMBER 2016 |

FASTTRACKING THE FUTURE THE FASTTRACKING , Wednesday 2 November 1921 p.2 and p.6 p.2 1921 2 November , Wednesday Sydney Mail Sydney Frank Walker, Walker, Frank “Many of the old-time inns have disappeared, leaving not a trace behind… These speak behind… These not a trace leaving disappeared, of the old-time inns have “Many and all of, undreamed were the old times when railways and recall the years, us across to main The and post-chaise. the old-time coach around of the age clustered the romance the hospitable door of the and seldom was throng, a motley its surface carried upon road… of groups interesting many of a cheerful fire, and warmth life In…the inn passed. roadside sensation…’ colonial the latest discuss to assembled individuals have soldiers, house of call. Judges on circuit, a favourite its prime was when at old inn, ‘The one time at have bushrangers and even convicts or otherwise, on foot diggers, travellers, of the good cheer partake to and forwards backwards and another paused in their journey mine host…” by provided Step 4 - White Hart Inn reconstruction 4 - White Step Inn, an Hart of the White impression an artist’s displays teacher whiteboard, On the interactive of the inn, its the appearance discusses of the building. Class plan, and floor plan archaeological place taken have may activities that and other spaces, rooms functions of and construction, size and people involved. on the premise at: this activity available for Resources http://www.sydneymetro.info/white-hart-inn Hart Inn of the White 5 - People Step inn life: of colonial recreation Walker’s Frank reads Teacher Quoted: who either did of individuals and groups a list brainstorm to recreation uses Walker’s Teacher soldiers, convicts, assigned convicts, Hart Inn: publicans, the White frequented have or may mail men drivers, coach bushrangers, settlers living in the vicinity, and free landowners wealthy magistrates. and travelling LINKING THE NATION Castle Hill Parish map subdivision plan of 23 portions of land (Wrights and Barry Roads) showing and Barry Roads) map subdivision plan of 23 portions of land (Wrights Hill Parish Castle TOPIC TWO: 156 landowners and acreages in the vicinity of the White Hart Inn, 1860. Note the location of Hugh Kelly’s ‘Bird-In-Hand’ Inn. ‘Bird-In-Hand’ of Hugh Kelly’s the location Note Hart Inn, 1860. in the vicinity of the White and acreages landowners Figure 48: Figure discuss how ‘space’ or location influenced the lives and experiences of individuals living andexperiences and the lives influenced or location ‘space’ how discuss time. during this Road on the Windsor working drawbacks. Teacher distributes Activity Sheet 7: On the road, (page 183-186) In groups, students In groups, (page 183-186) Sheet 7: On the road, Activity distributes Teacher drawbacks. and complete. the sources discuss and students teacher during this learning activity, gathered information to reference With adjacent to the Windsor Road. the Windsor to adjacent had Road along the Windsor living and travelling its attractions, despite that explains, Teacher for locating homes and businesses along colonial roadways. along colonial homes and businesses locating for land to access individuals influenced have may that of advantages a list compile Students list the names of landowners whose properties were located in the vicinity of the White Hart Inn. of the White in the vicinity located were whose properties the names of landowners list fringes of the Windsor and inns on the farms people established about why speculate Students reasons and present past compare 2, they in Step gathered information to reference With Road. Historical-Subdivision-Plans-of-The-Hills-Shire/Kellyville-Subdivision-Plans Hill. They and Rouse Kellyville between of the country the appearance observe In pairs, students http://www.thehills.nsw.gov.au/Library/Library-e-Resources/Local-Studies-Family-History/ Topic Two: Linking the nation 159 for

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FASTTRACKING THE FUTURE THE FASTTRACKING http://www.environment.nsw.gov.au/heritage/listings/index.htm Old Emu Hotel, Windsor Road, 1912. Sarah Tighe was publican at this inn before becoming licensee at the at licensee becoming this inn before publican at was Tighe 1912. Sarah Road, Windsor Old Emu Hotel, Eliminate themes that do not apply to the White Hart Inn Hart White the apply to do not that themes Eliminate little relevance to highly relevant themes from Rank the remaining the ranking support to evidence and reasons Provide that recommending (OEH) and Heritage Environment of the Office to a short proposal Write form is a nomination (there Register Heritage on the State be included Hart Inn site the White of Heritage) Schedule 5 (Environmental on the of local significance items list Councils this). for Environmental Hills Local is The plan (LEP), which in this case local environmental the relevant to (refer Plan 2012 heritage in NSW). protect to how on information here: from can be downloaded form nomination Heritage Register State The http://www.environment.nsw.gov.au/Heritage/publications/permitapps.htm inns about the golden age of roadside information Background inns selected of the Short history available where of the photographer/s Brief biography „ „ „ „ „ „ „ „ Figure 50: Figure Society. Historical Australian Royal slide collection, glass Walker Hart Inn in 1832. Frank White he photographed During the 1920s and photographer. historian an Australian was Walker Frank been demolished. since have Many South Wales New and rural inns of Sydney of the colonial many and 1921) Mail, 2 November Inns’ (Sydney Roadside articles ‘Some Famous Walker’s Frank Inns’, and images at: Roadside ‘Australian http://trove.nla.gov.au/picture/result?q=frank+walker+old+hotels In groups, students: In groups, „ „ „ „ „ activityExtension exhibition inns. The colonial of roadside exhibition a photographic curate students In groups viewer the which provides and a catalogue, and naming the event, promoting a poster features with: „ „ „ and name of the inn, location identify its provenance: students Under each of the photographs created. image was the and date photographer, of construction, date and catalogues. posters format to templates Word Use Microsoft

Land tenure Leisure landscape - cultural Environment Tighe Sarah Bold John Donohoe „ „ „ „ „ Commerce Commerce life Domestic Agriculture Ann Hollis James Mileham „ „ „ „ „ LINKING THE NATION From Edward Close’s sketchbook depicting life and society in New South Wales in the early days in the early days Wales South and society in New depicting life sketchbook Close’s Edward From TOPIC TWO: Transport Persons Accommodation James Gough Cox William Hugh Kelly 158 „ „ „ ‘Significance of the site’ section of the overview. overview. section of the of the site’ ‘Significance Environment of Office South Wales the New themes used by of historic a list provides Teacher of a site: importance or historical judge the significance and Heritage to Step 6 – Significance of the White Hart Inn White of the 6 – Significance Step the entries made under and review Hart overview, Sheet 1: White Activity to return Students Students use Activity Sheet 8: Historical personalities - Sydney’s North West, (page 187) North West, - Sydney’s personalities Sheet 8: Historical use Activity Students of their chosen individual. profile a historical construct to „ „ „ sentence, assigned and pardoned. assigned sentence, Inn: Hart the White to linked individuals historically ONE of following research Students Discuss what the list reveals about early colony society: its diversity and difference; range of and difference; its diversity society: about early colony reveals the list what Discuss makers and law abiders, outlaws and privileged; law workers and poor; wealthy occupations; imprisoned, under convicted, free, entrepreneurs; and children; men, women and enforcers; Figure 49: Figure South Wales. New of Library State 1817. of the colony. Topic Two: Linking the nation 161 -beginnings PRIMARY EDITION NOVEMBER 2016 |

FASTTRACKING THE FUTURE THE FASTTRACKING Sample consequences/effects chart made on an iPad using the Simple Mind App. chart made on an iPad Sample consequences/effects Figure 51: Figure Learning Sequence 5 – Gold Rush: Population explosion Rush: Population 5 – Gold Sequence Learning questionFocus and NSW? Sydney in colony expanding the on have of gold in NSW did the discovery effect What information Background Blue Mountains of the west area Bathurst gold in the discovered Hargraves In 1851, Edward were There in 1861. 357,000 in 1851 to 200,000 from increased in NSW population The in NSW. and serviced rapidly grew population Sydney’s in Melbourne and Victoria. increases greater even the goldfields to travelling arriving in the port before miners of immigrant the huge numbers a building boom and the development activity, economic in increased resulted This in the west. further expansion in resulted This ports and towns. railways, such as roads, of infrastructure of Aboriginal people. and further displacement areas inland into of the colony Further information http://www.cityofsydney.nsw.gov.au/learn/history/people-and-places/sydneys experiences Learning 1 – Changes and consequences Step Rush the impact of the Gold research They chart. a consequences/effects make Students chart using a mind mapping program a consequences/effects and create expansion on colonial assist to sites links for See web Mind or iThoughtsHD. Simple or App such as Inspiration, Rush. on the Gold research students’

LINKING THE NATION FAST FACTS FAST ON THE WEB DOWNLOAD INFO Web links and further information Web TOPIC TWO: i Sydney Metro Northwest, 16 October 2015 (PDF) 2015 16 October Northwest, Metro Sydney (page 9-29): settler families and Transport North West: of Sydney’s background Historical http://www.sydneymetro.info/sites/default/files/NWRL-Kellyville-Station-Archeological- Assessment-and-Researc.pdf%3Fext%3D.pdf Inn Hart White of Kellyville’s mystery unfolding Hidden hart: The http://www.sydneymetro.info/white-hart-inn 1800-1970. and telegraph, telephones post, by 7: Communication R. Chapter Lee, 1788-1970. and communications transport Australia’s Linking a nation: http://www.environment.gov.au/heritage/publications/linking-a-nation and Heritage Environment of Office Heritage NSW Road and Windsor Road Old Windsor http://www.environment.nsw.gov.au/heritageapp/ViewHeritageItemDetails.aspx?id=4301011 192-1938), Mail (NSW: inns. Sydney roadside Some famous (1921). F. Walker, 8-30. pp. 1921, Wednesday http://trove.nla.gov.au/newspaper/article/162034124?searchTerm=some%20famous%20 roadside%20inns&searchLimits Gazette and Richmond inns. Windsor roadside Australian (1921). F. Walker, 1921. 4 November Friday 1888-1954), (NSW: http://trove.nla.gov.au/work/212588637?q=roadside+inns&c=article&version Id=233450946 Archaeological assessment and research design: Swan Inn, Old Windsor Road to White to Road Windsor Inn, Old design: Swan and research assessment Archaeological (PDF) 2013 Rail Link, 11 September North West Hart Drive, http://www.sydneymetro.info/sites/default/files/Swan-Inn-Archeological-Assessment-and%20 Research.pdf Convicts http://www.australia.gov.au/about-australia/australian-story/convicts-and-the-british-colonies bushrangers Early Australian http://www.australia.gov.au/about-australia/australian-story/early-austn-bushrangers station, Kellyville of 1860s house site, excavation Archaeological report: Excavation 160 Further images are available State Library of New South Wales at: Wales South of New Library State available Further images are http://www.acmssearch.sl.nsw.gov.au/s/search.html?collection=slnsw Information on inns and innkeeping at: innkeeping on inns and Information http://www.sydneymetro.info/white-hart-inn Topic Two: Linking the nation 163

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#intro FASTTRACKING THE FUTURE THE FASTTRACKING by Libby Hathorn and Julie Vivas, Angus and Robertson, 1981. Angus and Robertson, and Julie Vivas, Hathorn Libby by -f116-s2 When, where and why were the first railways in Sydney and NSW built? and NSW Sydney in railways the first were and why where When, and surrounds? in Sydney change society and settlement patterns did rail How past? in the region the North West served links have rail What „ „ „ development of inland cities and regional economies. of inland cities and regional development serve to provided was rail inner suburbs while Sydney’s serve originally laid to were Tramlines Sydney’s some of expanded into was network the tramway electrification, With areas. outer A steam areas. laid in outer were some tramlines spread, suburbs. As the population newer Castle to extended and was and Baulkham Hills in 1902 Parramatta opened between tramway by replaced line was The the subdivision of land along the route. led to tramway This Hill in 1910. 1932. Hill until February Rogans to Westmead from operated that in January 1923 a railway settled, changing lines were rail between II, areas War World after ownership car increasing With Sydney. across of development the pattern Further information http://www.infrastructure.gov.au/rail/trains/history.aspx 1912 in Sydney and tramways Map of railways http://nla.gov.au/nla.map Step 3 – Journal entry (assessment task) entry (assessment 3 – Journal Step and the goldfields to travelled you how gold miner describe a hopeful immigrant of In the role the mountains. crossing before of Sydney west travelled as you you around saw you what Supporting text Bondi Beach to Tram The and Change of rail: advent – The 7 Sequence Learning consequences questions Focus „ „ „ information Background in and opened Parramatta and Sydney was laid between Australia line in railway first The in Campbelltown Line opened in 1856 and to Liverpool to Granville 1855. The September the Line opened in 1860 and section of the Main Western Blacktown to Parramatta The 1860. Strathfield opened from line Northern railway Great in 1864. The Richmond opened to extension opened in 1890. Leonards St to Hornsby Line from in 1886 and the North Shore Hornsby to NSW. across in all directions Sydney out from lines radiated 1912 railway By ports, but the Sydney to inland areas from produce transport to initially planned were Railways rail provided of the advent as settlement patterns, Sydney’s in influencing factor a key were they housing. As a for subdivided and sold lines was Land along railway areas. outer to transport Sydney’s for the skeleton along the lines, which provided spread population Sydney’s result the and influenced stations, train around developed towns NSW, In country suburban growth.

Students take note of note take Students -gold-rush LINKING THE NATION TOPIC TWO: How did people in Sydney and NSW travel in the period 1850–1910? travel and NSW did people in Sydney How settlement and society influenced in the 19th Century in transport developments What and surrounds? in Sydney „ „ 162 smells like and why they are there. Groups of students could create tableaus of themselves in the tableaus of themselves create could of students Groups there. are they and why smells like life. and bring them to photo Students examine the photograph of Circular Quay (Activity sheet 9, page 188) and put sheet 9, (Activity Quay of Circular the photograph examine Students what it it sounds like, them, what around it looks like what describe They in the picture. themselves the modes of transport available in Sydney available the modes of transport 2 Step 1850 and 1890. The online Dictionary of Sydney contains a good selection of images. a good contains of Sydney online Dictionary The 1850 and 1890. http://dictionaryofsydney.org/entry/transport?zoom_highlight=transport. Step 1 – In the picture Step approximately between in Sydney and images of transport photographs examine Students Learning experiences Learning Further information http://dictionaryofsydney.org/entry/transport?zoom_highlight=transport built radiating from Sydney to inland NSW. Harbour and river transport continued, and ferry and and ferry continued, transport Harbour and river inland NSW. to Sydney from built radiating shipping. as did coastal expanded transport steamer horse and cart, or by river. With the expansion of the colony there were major infrastructure major infrastructure were there of the colony the expansion With river. horse and cart, or by enabling improved, were and roads expanded were Ports transport. improve to building programs were inner suburbs and railways built within Sydney’s were Tramways services. of coach expansion Background information Background foot, mainly by basic and people travelled very was transport Sydney’s the Gold Rush, Prior to „ Focus questions Focus „ in a growing colony Learning Sequence 6 – Travel and transport 6 – Travel Sequence Learning Eureka the Rush for Gold the Rush for Eureka http://www.sl.nsw.gov.au/stories?popular=All&search=gold&topic[0]=38626 A nation transformed A nation http://australia.gov.au/about-australia/australian-story/austn The gold boom gold The http://www.sl.nsw.gov.au/stories/eureka-rush-gold Resources for research for Resources Topic Two: Linking the nation 165 PRIMARY EDITION NOVEMBER 2016 |

use the NSW Map view to show students the students show to Map view use the NSW FASTTRACKING THE FUTURE THE FASTTRACKING -f116-s2 http://nla.gov.au/nla.map

http://maps.six.nsw.gov.au Map of railways and tramways in Sydney 1912, showing the Rogans Hill – Parramatta railway line. railway Hill – Parramatta the Rogans 1912, showing in Sydney and tramways Map of railways Figure 52: Figure reference: Trove Step 4 – Settlement patterns 4 – Settlement Step In SIX Maps along line and the stations Northern railway out the Great Point Sydney. in railways current ribbons of suburban Hills section and point out the Pennant the Epping to it. Zoom in on the land shade in land uses. Students Identify surrounding line. along the railway development 191). Sheet 12. (page Activity of the 1943 aerial photo, use on a copy Hill Castle to and railway 5 – Tramway Step in 1912. and NSW in Sydney and tramways the maps of railways view Students http://catalogue.nla.gov.au/Record/36774?lookfor=castle%20hill%20 tramway&offset=1&max=2 on operated tram a steam that Hill and explain Castle to Parramatta from out the tramway Point by replaced it was and that 1902, from Northern Road and Old Road along Windsor a tramway Line. Hill – Parramatta as the Rogans known It was closing in 1932. in 1923, rail , 4 July 1850. http://nla.gov.au/nla.obj- Sydney Morning Herald Sydney , Thursday, 4 July 1850. , Thursday, -lfsp2090-s1 -lfsp2090-s2 -lfsp1070 -lfsp788 and read them the short extract from the the from them the short extract and read

LINKING THE NATION TOPIC TWO: Sydney Morning Herald Morning Sydney The first Australian railway Australian first The accomplished, was railway Australian turf of the first the turning of the first “Yesterday of the colony, of the Governor the daughter by performed was and the ceremony much with the interfered which certainly rain, of the – in spite Stewart Mrs. Keith Honorable of ceremonies. programme in the Southern railway the first to him, that and gratification be a pride it to He felt he for during his administration: South Wales in New be commenced should Hemisphere political, and moral it, in a social, arise from must blessings in-numerable that confident, felt point of view”. 164 Direct student attention to the selling features. Re-enact a land sale auction for one of the a land sale auction for Re-enact the selling features. to attention student Direct line using the language of the period. Northern railway along the Great estates Hornsby Estate Hornsby http://nla.gov.au/nla.map Blackacre poster Blackacre http://nla.gov.au/nla.map http://nla.gov.au/nla.map http://nla.gov.au/nla.map brochure Blackacre Further information Mount Epping Estate Students view land sale posters for land subdivisions along the Great Northern railway line, Northern railway land subdivisions along the Great for land sale posters view Students sheet 11, page 190). (Use Activity Maps. in Trove available Step 3 Step – land sales. Northern railway Great Students read the 1850 Sydney Morning Herald article extracts and list the anticipated benefits the anticipated and list article extracts Herald Morning the 1850 Sydney read Students page 189). 10, sheet (Use Activity Step 2 Step rail. of with the advent included have may blessings’ the ‘in-numerable what Brainstorm Source: http://trove.nla.gov.au/ndp/del/article/12919209 138452395/view Step 1 – Starting the first railway the first 1 – Starting Step Sydney in railway of the opening of the first the image students Show Learning experiences Learning Topic Two: Linking the nation 167

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Corridor Strategy Corridor FASTTRACKING THE FUTURE THE FASTTRACKING – Sydney Metro Northwest: Northwest: Metro – Sydney www.sydneymetro.info/northwest Where and why will Sydney Metro Northwest be built? Northwest Metro will Sydney and why Where patterns and settlement change communities Northwest Metro will Sydney How region? intheNorth West Northwest? Metro in planning Sydney been used have strategies communication What „ „ „ http://www.planning.nsw.gov.au/Plans-for-Your-Area/Priority-Growth-Areas-and-Precincts/ Sydney-Metro-Northwest-Priority-Urban-Renewal-Corridor/~/media/3C7B8E2246724F50BC5 07815AC6169FD.ashx Step 2 Step and the interactive Northwest Metro on Sydney journey an interactive view Students aerial journey. http://www.sydneymetro.info/map/interactive-map 3 Step region West on the North will have Northwest Metro Sydney benefits potential Brainstorm of Sydney. 4 – Changes Step Northwest Metro the map of the Sydney students Show Learning Sequence 8 Sequence Learning effectsCauses and questions Focus „ „ „ information Background infrastructure public transport largest is Australia’s Northwest Metro billion Sydney $8.3 The Sydney’s link to km rail The 36 Government. the NSW for project rail and a priority project Hill, Castle Cherrybrook, stations: railway includes eight new region North West growing Hill Castle The Cudgegong Road. Hill and Rouse Kellyville, Bella Vista, Norwest, Showground, Arthur currently Hill Station, Castle of the former the location will be built beneath Station link includes rail The spaces. car parking 4000 commuter Also planned are Park. Whitling and Epping. Bella Vista between of tunnels 15 kilometre Further information http://www.sydneymetro.info/northwest/project-overview experiences Learning 1 Step Northwest. Metro of Sydney the route students Show http://

LINKING THE NATION Model Farms Siding Reserve, Folini Ave, Winston Hills and railway cutting at George Sutter Reserve, Reserve, Sutter George cutting at Hills and railway Winston Ave, Folini Siding Reserve, Model Farms A photo of Baulkham Hills Station just before it closed in January 1932. It formed part of the Rogans Hill part of the Rogans It formed closed in January 1932. it before just of Baulkham Hills Station A photo TOPIC TWO: 166 Figure 54: Figure Club in the background). Baulkham Hills (Hills Bowling Figure 53: Figure with a double platform. the only station line and was railway Students use Activity sheet 13 (192). use Activity Students As a short research task, students, in groups, research the Rogans Hill – Parramatta railway railway Hill – Parramatta the Rogans research groups, in task, students, As a short research and present of past be in turn a series may This along the line. a virtual journey line and create of an original passenger. the posing of views from of the journey images or a re-telling Step 6 Step Topic Two: Linking the nation

169 http://iphonefaketext.com PRIMARY EDITION NOVEMBER 2016 |

the Fake Text Messages site at at site Messages Text the Fake the left. to as shown dialogue, create to tasks Assessment release media the future’ ‘Into on the opening a one page media release write Students should They 2019. in the year Northwest Metro of Sydney West of the North community to the include the benefits on the 1850 reflect could Students of Sydney. region on the sod turning for report Morning Herald Sydney their futuristic when planning Sydney in railway the first media release. link rail the Advertising radio a 30 second create students in groups, Working Sydney promoting or TV commercial advertisement need Students the community. to Northwest Metro points relevant the key and their audience to identify language and images. use persuasive to them and Instead of improvised drama, students may prefer to use to prefer may students drama, of improvised Instead FASTTRACKING THE FUTURE THE FASTTRACKING

Students reflect on their learning over the unit of work and complete the ‘what I have I have the ‘what complete work and the unit of over on their learning reflect Students learnt’ column. Future assessment tasks assessment Future Step 7 – Improvisation Step imagine to and ask students aerial journey interactive Northwest Metro the Sydney Replay old. 18 year as an on the train travelling they are http://www.sydneymetro.info/map/interactive-map old when as an 18 year train Northwest Metro on the Sydney travelling improvise Students and drama the Freeze or on the train. station be on the may They completed. is newly the train students’ old. The and then as a 50 year old enactment as a 26 year their continue then students rail line. benefits of the the personal reflect and actions should conversation land use map use land w Link Ne Green Link

ecreation ocal Centre age ate R ure L riv ut Open Space P Herit F * ure uct and how areas along areas and how ed Use ublic Infrastr ocal Centre L Mix Special Use P can be downloaded from: can be downloaded ark yment y Goods Business P Bulk Light Industrial Emplo Corridor Strategy Corridor Corridor Strategy Corridor esidential y R esidential esidential y R y R w Densit o L Medium Densit High Densit Commercial Core oad y R oad

y R rimar P Secondar LINKING THE NATION y The map of the Sydney Metro Northwest Northwest Metro map of the Sydney The oundar orm recinct Area B TOPIC TWO: ation Platf ation P udy St St St end Leg Resource links are on Activity sheet 14 (page 193). on Activity links are Resource Students research the potential changes that will result from Sydney Metro Northwest and Northwest Metro Sydney from will result changes that the potential research Students such as Inspiration, or App chart using a mind mapping program a consequences/effects create Simple Mind or iThoughtsHD. Step 6 Step Figure 55: Figure www.planning.nsw.gov.au Teacher explains the Sydney Metro Northwest Northwest Metro the Sydney explains Teacher them personally will mean to it what Ask students link will change and grow. the rail generally. and to the community Step 5 Step 168 ACTIVITY SHEET 1 ACTIVITY SHEET 1 Pemulwuy Pemulwuy Instructions Read each source, use a dictionary or ask your teacher about words you don’t understand. SOURCE D Put the sources in the correct order, then use some of the information from the sources to make a “Pemulwuy, or some of his party, were not idle about Sydney; they even ventured to appear timeline of Pemulwuy’s life. within half a mile of the brickfield huts, and wound a convict who was going to a neighbouring farm on business”. SOURCE A May, 1795 “On 25th January 1795 we found that the natives were assembling in numbers for the purpose of performing a ceremony. Several youths well known among us, never having submitted to Source: Collins, D. An Account of the English Colony of New South Wales, Vol II, March 1797 the operation [circumcision] were now to be made men. Pe-mul-wy, a wood native, and many strangers, came in” [to Farm Cove in Sydney].

SOURCE E Source: Collins, D. An Account of the English Colony of New South Wales, Vol 1. “This detachment [of soldiers] is to prevent the natives from firing the wheat, for which purpose a private will patrol occasionally from daylight till nine o’clock at night . . . They are to fire on [shoot at] any natives they see, and if they can, pursue them with a chance of SOURCE B overtaking them. Every means is to be used to drive them off, either by shooting them or “The natives . . . plundered many of the settlers, wantonly murdered four white men and otherwise. cruelly used some of the convict women . . . The natives about Sydney and Hawkesbury It being known that William Knight and Thomas Thrush [outlaws] and the native, Pemulwoy, continued as domesticated as ever, and reprobated [condemned] the conduct of the natives are the promoters of the outrageous acts that have been lately committed by the natives, in the neighbourhood of Parramatta and Toongabbee, who were irritated by an active, daring whereby two men have been killed, several dangerously wounded, and numbers robbed, leader named Pemulwuy . . . the reward* advertised on the 17th inst [this month] will be given to those who will bring the I gave orders for every person doing their utmost to bring Pemulwuy in, either dead or alive . above delinquents in, dead or alive . . . . . Some time after, two settlers, not having the means of securing the persons of Pemulwuy *The reward included 20 gallons of rum and two suits of clothes to a free man and a pardon and another native, shot them”. for someone serving 14 years or life”.

Source: Governor King to Lord Hobart, 30th October 1802 Source: Governor King’s Government and General Orders, 22nd November 1801

SOURCE C SOURCE F “Several tribes of the natives still continuing to throw spears at any man they meet unarmed, by which several have been killed or dangerously wounded, the Governor, in order to deter the “Having proceeded down the river, they stopped at a point near Botany bay, where they met natives from such practices in the future, has ordered out a party to search for the man who with several parties of natives among whom was Pe-mul-wy, who, having recovered from his wounded the convict [McEntire] in so dangerous a manner . . . and to make a severe example wounds, had escaped from the hospital with an iron about his leg”. of that tribe . . . A party consisting of 2 captains, 2 subalterns and 40 privates with a proper number of non- commissioned officers from the garrison, with three days’ provision etc, to be ready to go out Source: Collins, D. An Account of the English Colony of New South Wales, Vol II, March 1797 tomorrow morning at daylight, in order to bring in six of those natives who reside near the head of Botany Bay, or if that number should be found impracticable, to put that number to death”.

Source: Governor Phillip’s General Orders, 13th December 1790

170 ACTIVITY – TOPIC TWO: LINKING THE NATION FASTTRACKING THE FUTURE | PRIMARY EDITION NOVEMBER 2016 171 ACTIVITY SHEET 1 ACTIVITY SHEET 1 Pemulwuy Pemulwuy

SOURCE G SOURCE I “. . . they saw two natives, with spears in their hands, creeping towards them, and three others “A strange idea was found to prevail among the natives respecting the savage Pe-mul-wy, a little farther behind . . . McEntire said “Don’t be afraid, I know them,” and immediately laying which was very likely to prove fatal to him in the end. Both he and they entertained an opinion, down his gun, stepped forward and spoke to them in their own language . . . One of them that, from his having been frequently wounded, he could not be killed by our fire-arms. jumped on a fallen tree, and without giving the least warning of his intention, launched his Through his fancied security, he was said to be at the head of every party that attacked the spear at McEntire and lodged it in his left side. The person who committed this wanton act, maize grounds”. was described as a young man with a speck, or blemish, on his left eye. . .

In the course of the day, Colbee and several more natives came in . . . Their behaviour Source: Collins, D. An Account of the English Colony of New South Wales, Vol II, March 1797 indicated that they had already heard of the accident, as they repeated twice or thrice the name of the murderer, Pim-el-wi, saying that he lived at Botany Bay”.

Source: December 1790, Tench, W, Sydney’s First Four Years Pemulwuy SOURCE J . . . the soldiers entered the town [Parramatta], and in about an hour after were followed by a large body of natives, headed by Pe-mul-wy, a riotous and troublesome savage. These SOURCE H were known by the settlers to be the same who had so frequently annoyed them; and they “From the wanton manner in which a large body of natives resident about Parramatta, intended, if possible, to seize upon Pe-mul-wy; who, in a great rage, threatened to spear the George’s River and Prospect Hill, have attacked and killed some of the Government sheep, first man that dared to approach him, and actually did throw a spear at one of the soldiers. and their violent threat of murdering all white men they meet, which they put into execution The conflict was now begun; a musket was immediately levelled at the principal [Pemulwuy], by murdering Daniel Conroy, stock-keeper, . . . and severely wounding Smith, settler: and it is which severely wounded him . . . impossible to foresee to what extent their present hostile menaces may be carried, both with Pe-mul-wy, who had received seven buck shot in his head and different parts of his body, was respect to the defenceless settlers and the stock, the Governor has directed that this, as well taken extremely ill to the hospital. This man was first known in the settlement by the murder as other bodies of natives in the above district, to be driven back from settlers’ habitations by of John McIntire in the year 1790; since which time he had been a most active enemy to the firing at them”. settlers, plundering them of their property and endangering their personal safety.

Source: Governor King’s Government and General Orders, 1st May 1801 Source: Collins, D. An Account of the English Colony of New South Wales, Vol II, March 1797

172 ACTIVITY – TOPIC TWO: LINKING THE NATION FASTTRACKING THE FUTURE | PRIMARY EDITION NOVEMBER 2016 173 Sydney Metro Northwest: Archaeological Salvage Program October 2015

Specific association between artefact types and particular clan groups has not been documented in the Sydney region. Within the broader language groups, many smaller clan groups used similar tools as they were performing similar day- to-day tasks, in the same way that modern hammers or knives all look alike to some degree. Even if you were to uncover a very distinctive looking object it would be hard to link the style to a particular clan group. Early European accounts describe decorative paint work, carving and use of natural fibres as personal adornment or on objects such as shields. It is possible that patterns or motifs used on these items and the way people decorated their own hair and bodies was reflective of the clan groups that people belonged to but these items rarely survive in the archaeological record and only then from the more recent past.

There are however some known variations in the ‘tool kit’ between broader groups. Historical accounts have described how spears from woodland groups (including the Bediagal) could be distinguished from the spears of people who lived near the coast, through different use of stone or shell for spear barbs. One well known example of a Bediagal spear belonged to an Aboriginal man named Pemulwuy (1750-1802), who belonged to this clan group.

4.2 Pemulwuy of the Bediagal

Pemulwuy is most famous for leading Aboriginal resistance forces against the British Army militia and settlers. In December 1790 Pemulwuy speared John McIntyre, Governor Phillip's gamekeeper, who later died of the wound. The jagged spearhead perforated McIntyre’s lung. When he extracted the spearhead, Surgeon-General John White found that it was barbed with 'small pieces of red stone' (silcrete flakes), which confirmed that Pemulwuy belonged to one of the 'woods tribes' or Bediagal clan. Spears used by Aboriginal people from coastal groups were almost identical, except they were barbed with pieces of shell rather than stone. Similar red silcrete flakes as described on Pemulwuy’s spears were recovered from the Sydney Metro Northwest excavations, suggesting that Bediagal people had been making their spears that way for a long time.

Pemulwuy led raids on settlers throughout the early 1790s, having several narrow escapes, until in March 1797 he led a large group of at least a hundred Aboriginal warriors in an attack on the Government Farm at Toongabbie. After a successful raid, Pemulwuy’s group was followed to Parramatta by the British troops and settlers. During the ensuing ‘Battle of Parramatta’, Pemulwuy was shot at least seven times and taken to a government hospital.

Although he was wearing leg irons and still had buckshot in his body and head, Pemulwuy escaped the hospital and re- joined his people. In April of that year, a party led by Governor Hunter met several groups of Aboriginal people near Botany Bay and a fully recovered Pemulwuy was among them. Pemulwuy’s many close escapes and remarkable recovery from numerous wounds sustained over the course of his raids led to his fellow Darug people believing he could not be killed by firearms. Governor King later declared Pemulwuy to be an outlaw and offered a reward for his capture. He was eventually captured and killed by Henry Hacking in June 1802. Governor King ordered that his head should be preserved in spirits and sent to Sir Joseph Banks for study in England. King wrote to Banks that although Pemulwuy had been “'a terrible pest to the colony, he was a brave and independent character”. Despite the efforts of many people, includingACTIVITY Prince William SHEETafter his visit 1 to Australia in 2010, the whereabouts of Pemulwuy’s head is RESOURCE SHEET 1 - Paintings: Early views today unknown. The engraving shown below is believed to be the only known image of Pemulwuy. of Parramatta and Castle hill Timeline of Pemulwuy’s Life

Figure 57: George Street Parramatta from the gates of Government House, around 1804-5 http://dictionaryofsydney.org/place/parramatta

Figure 56: Plate 3. ‘Pimbloy 1804’, thought to be Pemulwuy, from James Grant, Narrative of a Voyage of Discovery. Image from the National Library of Australia. Plate 3. 'Pimbloy 1804', thought to be Pemulwuy, from James Grant, Narrative of a Voyage of Discovery. Dates Events Image from the National Library of Australia.

17

Figure 58: Government Farm Castle Hill, 1806 http://historyservicesnswblog.blogspot.com.au/2011/05/castle-hill-heritage-park.html

174 ACTIVITY – TOPIC TWO: LINKING THE NATION FASTTRACKING THE FUTURE | PRIMARY EDITION NOVEMBER 2016 175 ACTIVITY SHEET 2 Changing the landscape

Instructions Look closely at the four paintings from the early colony, then answer the following questions.

List five changes the colonists have made to the landscape.

Why do you think these changes were made?

Figure 59: Residence of John McArthur Esq near Parramatta New South Wales, 1825 http://sydneylivingmuseums.com.au/sites/default/files/styles/heroimages/public/LON10_EFGB_039_2.jpg?itok=SNedhkLx

What would be the result of the changes for the colonists?

Does anything of the pioneer remain and where is it e.g. grave, house, monument?

Figure 60: A view of part of Parramatta, J.W.Lewin, 1809 http://www.migrationheritage.nsw.gov.au/exhibition/objectsthroughtime-history/1790-1830/

176 ACTIVITY – TOPIC TWO: LINKING THE NATION FASTTRACKING THE FUTURE | PRIMARY EDITION NOVEMBER 2016 177 RESOURCE SHEET 2 - Council crests ACTIVITY SHEET 3 Pioneer research scaffold

Instructions Choose one of these pioneers from the North West Sydney region to research. • Matthew Pearce • Richard and Elizabeth Rouse • George Suttor • Andrew McDougall • William Joyce • Lalouette de Vernicourt (also known as Baron de Clambe) • John Smith • Sophia Doyle (wife of Andrew Doyle)

Name of your pioneer:

A.. Bla town City Council D. arramatta City Council Date and place of birth:

Convict or free:

When did they arrive in Australia and on which ship?

When did they receive their land grant and how big was it (acres or hectares)?

B.. de City Council What did they produce on the land? E.. wkesbury City Council

What other contribution did they make to the colony?

Any other interesting facts:

Does anything of the pioneer remain and where is it e.g. grave, house, monument?

Provide a relevant image:

C.. ospect City Council Provide a quote from a relevant source: F. he Hills Shire Council

Provide a list of the books and websites you used to find your information.

178 ACTIVITY – TOPIC TWO: LINKING THE NATION FASTTRACKING THE FUTURE | PRIMARY EDITION NOVEMBER 2016 179 ACTIVITY SHEET 4 ACTIVITY SHEET 5 Information overview: White Hart inn White Hart Inn - Sources and evidence Archaeologists consulted a wide range of sources to determine the likely location of the White Hart Inn and its history. What information could the sources listed below provide to archaeologists about the probable location and history of the White Hart Inn. Write your thoughts in the boxes provided.

Sources of evidence Evidence provided

Historic maps and plans

Previous historical or archaeological reports

Modern and historical aerial photography

Location Construction and Artefacts People Significance of appearance the site

______Survey field books and plans

______

______Land title records

______

______General histories of the area (secondary sources) ______

______NSW Calendar and Post Office Directory ______

______

Local historical records including rate books ______

______

______Newspapers of the time

Historic photographs

180 ACTIVITY – TOPIC TWO: LINKING THE NATION FASTTRACKING THE FUTURE | PRIMARY EDITION NOVEMBER 2016 181 ACTIVITY SHEET 6 ACTIVITY SHEET 7 Working with artefacts On the road In groups, select four artefacts from the identification list and images displayed on the whiteboard. Complete the following artefact grid. Use the information and ideas you have already gathered The following visual and written sources tell us something about the experiences and dangers about your chosen artefacts when answering the questions below. that confronted colonial travellers and residents on the Windsor Road. Discuss and complete this activity in groups. 1. Draw and identify each 2. What does this object 3. What does this object 4. What more would you of your chosen artefacts reveal about the lives reveal about the White like to know about this As you examine the following sources highlight words and phrases that are unfamiliar to you or and activities of the Hart Inn? object? Where might things you need to look up. people who may have you find this information? used this object? Source 1

“The Roads - A petition was forwarded a few days ago to the Governor, signed by between seventy and eighty persons praying that the road between Parramatta and Windsor may be repaired. It has for some time back been in a most dangerous state, and while heavy sums are expended on the same line from Sydney to Parramatta, the road complained of is almost totally neglected”.

Source: Sydney Herald, Tuesday 26 April, 1842, p.2

Source 2

“Dreadful Accident - On Tuesday evening, as a man named William Adams, a drayman in the employment of Thomas Caddell, Esq., of Windsor, was returning with his teams from Liverpool, and after leaving the White Hart Inn, about half-way between Windsor and Paramatta, his horses from some cause or other ran off, and Adams, after several ineffectual efforts to extricate himself from the dray upon which he was then riding, was at length pitched off, when, with his arms extended on the road, one of the wheels passed over both, producing a compound fracture of the left – and a simple fracture of the right arm. As soon as intelligence was received in town – Surgeons White and Bell were as soon as possible in attendance, and found it necessary to amputate the left arm. The poor sufferer bore the operation with much fortitude, and is as well under all the circumstances, as can possibly be expected”.

Source: Hawkesbury Courier and Agricultural and General Advertiser, Windsor’ NSW, Thursday 27 March 1845, p.2

Source 3

“Bushranging - Information was lately received by Mr. Shirley, chief constable here, that a bushranger was seen prowling about Mr. Booth’s Inn, on the road between Windsor and Parramatta. No time was lost in dispatching constables to the place, but hitherto they have been unsuccessful in capturing the miscreant. If however, energy and captivity can avail, there is little doubt of both being put into fearless operation to secure the depredator and bring him to justice. If the information be correct, he, in all likelihood, is not single handed”.

Source: Sydney Morning Herald, Tuesday 27 September 1842, p.2

182 ACTIVITY – TOPIC TWO: LINKING THE NATION FASTTRACKING THE FUTURE | PRIMARY EDITION NOVEMBER 2016 183 ACTIVITY SHEET 7 ACTIVITY SHEET 7 On the road On the road

Source 4 Inquiry questions Evidence Thoughts and ideas (information provided by the source);

What type of source is it? (newspaper report, sketch)

Who created it?

When was it created?

Why was it created? (purpose)

Who was the audience?

Figure 61: Bushrangers robbing the mail, George Lacy, 1850, National Library of Australia. Note that the location of this What does it say about the dangers and sketch is unknown. Similar coaches travelled the Windsor Road in the 1840s and 1850s. experiences on the Windsor Road?

What is the creator’s point of view?

Can it be trusted?

184 ACTIVITY – TOPIC TWO: LINKING THE NATION FASTTRACKING THE FUTURE | PRIMARY EDITION NOVEMBER 2016 185 ACTIVITY SHEET 7 ACTIVITY SHEET 8 On the road Historical personalities – Sydney’s North West

Colonial newspapers were full of stories about the dangers of road travel and the unnerving experiences of individuals living in isolated places. Use the evidence provided by these sources MY PAGE to write a newspaper report for the colonial Sydney Herald warning travellers and residents about dangers they may encounter on the Windsor Road. ______IMAGE OF CHOSEN INDIVIDUAL PUBLIC PROFILE ______

______PROFESSIONAL CONNECTIONS AND ACQUAINTANCES

______DATE/PLACE OF BIRTH AND DEATH ______OCCUPATION/S AND STATUS ______OBITUARY ______TIMELINE OF KEY LIFE EVENT ______

186 ACTIVITY – TOPIC TWO: LINKING THE NATION FASTTRACKING THE FUTURE | PRIMARY EDITION NOVEMBER 2016 187 ACTIVITY SHEET 9 ACTIVITY SHEET 10 In the picture Anticipated effects of rail

Read the extract from the Sydney Morning Herald article published 4 July 1850. Source 1

The First Australian railway “Yesterday the turning of the first turf of the first Australian railway was accomplished, and the ceremony was performed by the daughter of the Governor of the colony, Honourable Mrs Keith Stewart – in spite of the rain, which certainly interfered much with the programme of ceremonies. He felt it to be a pride and gratification to him, that the first railway in the Southern Hemisphere should be commenced in New South Wales during his administration: for he felt confident, that in- numerable blessings must arise from it, in a social, political, and moral point of view. The Governor said that he had now to propose a toast, which he mentioned with the most lively satisfaction. It was “The success of the railway.” It was a fact not generally known, perhaps, that a portion of land, comprising a radius of 140 miles, including the city of Sydney, was occupied by above half the whole population of the colony. If, then, in this sterile district so much good might be effected, why delay the opportunity of doing it. Once established these railways in the county of Cumberland – to Windsor on one side, to the Cowpastures on the other, and the great scheme of internal communication would be commenced. Then for the first time would they have an interior ‘to the colony, worthy of its out- ports – an interior, to the resources of which they could ‘look with confident reliance. He wished not to see the inland districts of the colony remain a wilderness. By the successful completion of this enterprise, they would be enabled to populate the desert – to create a civilised community in the wild and unpopulated parts of the colony. Then, too, the interior of the colony might be represented by members from the interior instead of the Sydney representation they possessed at Figure 62: Photograph: ‘Circular Quay’, Kerry and Co, Sydney, Australia, c.1884-1917 (looking east). present. They might then come to Sydney to perform their legislative duties, but still have it in their power occasionally to visit their families, and attend to their domestic affairs. It had been said that http://www.flickr.com/photos/powerhouse_museum/2758599005 the colonists were not able to carry this enterprise out.”

Take a close look. Can you see evidence of three different forms of transport? Source: Extracts from The First Australian railway, Sydney Morning Herald, Thursday 4 July 1850. Position yourself in the photograph. http://trove.nla.gov.au/ndp/del/article/12919209

„„ What can you see around you? „„ List the anticipated benefits of the advent of rail mentioned in the article (Source 1) „„ What sounds can you hear? „„ What does Source 2 tell us about people’s reaction to the arrival of the first train at Parramatta „„ What can you smell? from Sydney?

„„ Why are you there and how do you feel? „„ What expectations do you think early travellers may have held about the new mode of transport? More about the photo: Source 2 http://www.powerhousemuseum.com/collection/database/?irn=29971#ixzz2RblBZ3x5 Figure 63: Arrival of the first railway train at Parramatta from Sydney, Walter G Mason, published 1857. http://nla.gov.au/nla.pic-an8021264

188 ACTIVITY – TOPIC TWO: LINKING THE NATION FASTTRACKING THE FUTURE | PRIMARY EDITION NOVEMBER 2016 189 ACTIVITY SHEET 11 ACTIVITY SHEET 12 Great Northern Line land sales Suburban patterns When land was subdivided along the railways what was promoted to Sydney’s population? Using a different colour for each, show the main land uses on the 1943 aerial photograph of the Mount Epping Estate Great Northern railway line between Epping and Pennant Hills https://maps.six.nsw.gov.au http://trove.nla.gov.au/work/6337237?q=mount+epping+es tate&c=map&versionId=44812913

Blackacre brochure http://trove.nla.gov.au/work/30834167?q=blackacre+broch ure&c=map&versionId=37411408

Hornsby Estate http://trove.nla.gov.au/work/32510867?q=hORNSBY+ESTA TE&c=map&versionId=39521978

Figure 65: Mount Epping Estate.

Figure 64: Hornsby Estate.

KEY Railway

Figure 66: Blackacre brochure. Figure 67: Blackacre poster. Housing Farmland Bushland

190 ACTIVITY – TOPIC TWO: LINKING THE NATION FASTTRACKING THE FUTURE | PRIMARY EDITION NOVEMBER 2016 191 ACTIVITY SHEET 13 ACTIVITY SHEET 14 Resource links Virtual journey along the Rogans Hill – Parramatta railway line Research the Rogans Hill – Parramatta railway line. Develop two to three inquiry questions to guide Sydney Metro Northwest – resources your research. Create a virtual journey along the line. This may be a series of past and present Resource links images or a re-telling of the journey from the eyes of an original passenger or tram or train driver. Sydney Metro Northwest Secondary sources http://www.sydneymetro.info Summary of the line’s history http://www.westernsydneylibraries.nsw.gov.au/westernsydney/rail.html Sydney Metro Northwest Project Overview September 2015 Primary sources http://www.sydneymetro.info/sites/default/files/15082-Project-overview-September-2015_web. pdf%3Fext%3D.pdf Oral history by Bruce Irwin http://www.thehills.nsw.gov.au/Library/Library-e-Resources/Hills-Voices-Online/Changing-Shire/ Media release (20 June 2012) Bruce-Irwin http://www.sydneymetro.info/sites/default/files/document-library/media%20release2062012_0.pdf Oral history by Enid Davis Sydney Metro Northwest Corridor Strategy http://www.thehills.nsw.gov.au/Library/Library-e-Resources/Hills-Voices-Online/Changing- Suburbs/Northmead-Enid-Davis http://www.planning.nsw.gov.au/Plans-for-Your-Area/Priority-Growth-Areas-and-Precincts/ Sydney-Metro-Northwest-Priority-Urban-Renewal-Corridor Land Subdivision Posters The Growth Centres http://www.thehills.nsw.gov.au/Library/Library-e-Resources/Local-Studies-Family-History/ Historical-Subdivision-Plans-of-The-Hills-Shire/Castle-Hill-and-Glenhaven-Subdivision-Plans http://growthcentres.planning.nsw.gov.au/PriorityGrowthAreas/NorthWestPriorityGrowthArea.aspx

Google Maps Daily Telegraph (30 October 2012) https://maps.google.com.au http://www.dailytelegraph.com.au/news/sydney-news/new-rail-line-to-slash-car-trips/story- fnb5f12x-1226506641713

192 ACTIVITY – TOPIC TWO: LINKING THE NATION FASTTRACKING THE FUTURE | PRIMARY EDITION NOVEMBER 2016 193 FUTURE ASSESSMENT TASKS

Students reflect on their learning over the unit of work and complete the ‘what I have learnt’ column.

What I know What I want to know What I have learnt

194 ACTIVITY – TOPIC TWO: LINKING THE NATION TBM1 Elizabeth from above, just before her launch at Bella Vista, September 2014