Impact of Living Mulches on the Physical Properties of Planosol In
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Eletrochemical Changes in Gleysol of the Amazon Estuary
http://dx.doi.org/10.4322/rca.1796 ORIGINAL ARTICLE George Rodrigues da Silva1* Paulo Augusto Lobato da Silva2 Sérgio Brazão e Silva1 Mário Lopes da Silva Junior1 Eletrochemical changes in Gleysol of the Marcos André Piedade Gama1 Antonio Rodrigues Fernandes1 Amazon estuary Alterações eletroquímicas em Gleissolo do estuário 1 Universidade Federal Rural da Amazônia – UFRA, Instituto de Ciências Agrárias, Av. Presidente Tancredo Neves, 2501, 66077-830, Belém, PA, amazônico Brasil 2 Empresa de Assistência Técnica e Extensão Rural do Estado do Pará – EMATER/PA, Rodovia BR- 316, km 12, s/n, 67105-970, Ananindeua, PA, ABSTRACT: Electrochemical reactions are intensified by soil flooding, which changes Brasil the dynamics of nutrients and negatively affects plant growth. In this work, we aimed to Corresponding Author: evaluate the changes in the redox potential (Eh), pH and nutrient availability in a Haplic E-mail: [email protected] Gleysol soil from a floodplain of the Guamá River, Belém, Pará State. During the period of floods (61 days), samples soils were collected on alternate days and analyzed in dry and wet conditions. Flooding resulted in higher pH values and decreased Eh, which stabilized after 32 days of flooding and did not affect the values of total nitrogen. An increase in the KEYWORDS Oxidation-reduction concentrations of phosphorus, sulfur, iron, manganese, copper and zinc were observed, and Availability of nutrients they were subsequently reduced with time of submergence. The reduction of sulfur occurred Waterlogged soils at low Eh and pH values near neutrality. The results show that nitrogen and sulfur do not limit agricultural production in the lowland soils of the Guamá River. -
Prairie Wetland Soils: Gleysolic and Organic Angela Bedard-Haughn Department of Soil Science, University of Saskatchewan
PS&C Prairie Soils & Crops Journal Agricultural Soils of the Prairies Prairie Wetland Soils: Gleysolic and Organic Angela Bedard-Haughn Department of Soil Science, University of Saskatchewan Summary Gleysolic and Organic soils are collectively referred to as “wetland soils”. They are found in wet low-lying or level landscape positions. Gleysolic soils are found throughout the agricultural Prairies, in association with Chernozemic and Luvisolic soils. In semi-arid regions, they are frequently tilled in dry years and can be very productive due to their relatively high levels of soil moisture and nutrients. In the Prairie Provinces, Organic soils tend to be mostly associated with the Boreal transition zones at the northern and eastern perimeter of the Prairies. With proper management, these can also provide productive agricultural land, particularly for forages. Introduction Soils of the Gleysolic and Organic orders are collectively referred to as “wetland soils”. Soil maps of the agricultural region of the Canadian Prairies seldom have areas mapped as dominantly Gleysolic8 or Organic9; however, these soils are found throughout the region wherever climate and/or topography have led to persistent water-saturated conditions. Gleysols are mineral soils with colors that reflect intermittent or prolonged anaerobic (i.e., saturated, low oxygen) conditions (Fig. 1A). Organic soils reflect permanent anaerobic conditions, which lead to soils that are made up of variably decomposed plant residues, mostly from water-tolerant (i.e., hydrophytic) vegetation (Fig. 1B). Figure 1: A) Humic Luvic Gleysol, Saskatchewan and B) Typic Fibrisol (Organic), Manitoba7. Of the some 100,000,000 ha covered by the Canada Land Inventory (CLI) in the Prairie Provinces12, Gleysolic soils occupy less than 15% of the Prairie ecoregions and up to 40% in the Mid-Boreal (boreal = “northern”) Upland (Alberta) and Interlake Plain (Manitoba) ecoregions12. -
World Reference Base for Soil Resources 2014 International Soil Classification System for Naming Soils and Creating Legends for Soil Maps
ISSN 0532-0488 WORLD SOIL RESOURCES REPORTS 106 World reference base for soil resources 2014 International soil classification system for naming soils and creating legends for soil maps Update 2015 Cover photographs (left to right): Ekranic Technosol – Austria (©Erika Michéli) Reductaquic Cryosol – Russia (©Maria Gerasimova) Ferralic Nitisol – Australia (©Ben Harms) Pellic Vertisol – Bulgaria (©Erika Michéli) Albic Podzol – Czech Republic (©Erika Michéli) Hypercalcic Kastanozem – Mexico (©Carlos Cruz Gaistardo) Stagnic Luvisol – South Africa (©Márta Fuchs) Copies of FAO publications can be requested from: SALES AND MARKETING GROUP Information Division Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations Viale delle Terme di Caracalla 00100 Rome, Italy E-mail: [email protected] Fax: (+39) 06 57053360 Web site: http://www.fao.org WORLD SOIL World reference base RESOURCES REPORTS for soil resources 2014 106 International soil classification system for naming soils and creating legends for soil maps Update 2015 FOOD AND AGRICULTURE ORGANIZATION OF THE UNITED NATIONS Rome, 2015 The designations employed and the presentation of material in this information product do not imply the expression of any opinion whatsoever on the part of the Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations (FAO) concerning the legal or development status of any country, territory, city or area or of its authorities, or concerning the delimitation of its frontiers or boundaries. The mention of specific companies or products of manufacturers, whether or not these have been patented, does not imply that these have been endorsed or recommended by FAO in preference to others of a similar nature that are not mentioned. The views expressed in this information product are those of the author(s) and do not necessarily reflect the views or policies of FAO. -
Legume Living Mulches in Corn and Soybean
Legume Living Mulches in Corn and Soybean By Jeremy Singer, USDA-ARS National Soil Tilth Laboratory Palle Pedersen, Iowa State University PM 2006 August 2005 Living mulches are an extension of cover crops used perennial life cycle, been successfully grown as a living to decrease soil erosion, suppress weeds, improve mulch, and have been reported in the scientific literature. soil structure and nutrient cycling, and in the case of For detailed information on plant adaptability, tolerances, legumes, supply nitrogen to a grain crop. Unlike cover and management information refer to ISU Extension crops that are killed before planting the grain crop, living publication Selecting Forage Species (PM 1792). mulches co-exist with the crops during the growing season and continue to grow after the crop is harvested. Alfalfa Mature plants may have from 5 to 25 stems with a height The living mulch can be an annual or perennial plant ranging from 24 to 36 inches. Alfalfa varieties differ in interseeded with a grain crop, or it can be an existing their ability to spread by underground stems (rhizomes). perennial grass or legume stand into which another crop Varieties that can form new stems from rhizomes may be is planted. The latter system usually requires suppression superior for living mulch systems because they can of the existing “living mulch” with herbicides or cultural spread short distances to cover the soil after the grain practices such as tillage or mowing to create what has crop has been harvested. Alfalfa yield may be higher than been referred to as a “sleeping sod.” Interest in living other forage legumes if the living mulch is grazed or mulch systems developed as a tool to mitigate soil mechanically harvested in the spring prior to crop erosion on highly erosive land. -
Some Features of Soil Contamination Based on Soil Monitoring System in Slovakia
SOME FEATURES OF SOIL CONTAMINATION BASED ON SOIL MONITORING SYSTEM IN SLOVAKIA Jozef Kobza National Agricultural and Food Centre – Soil Science and Conservation Research Institute Bratislava, Regional working place Banská Bystrica, Mládežnícka 36, 974 04 Banská Bystrica, Slovakia, e-mail: [email protected] Identification of factors in relation to soil contamination 1. Natural (physical-geographical) factors include: V climatic conditions (temperature, precipitation, evapotranspiration, speed and directions of wind) V soil - lithological conditions (geology, soil type, texture, occurrence of geochemical anomalies, etc.) V vegetation (type of vegetation, rooting, etc.) V topography (slope, relief, elevation/altitude) 2. Anthropogenic factors include: V land use and farming system (crop land, grassland, forest) V use of fertilisers and organic manures V irrigation, melioration practices V other sources (sealing, mining, waste disposal, pollutant emissions) Measured risk elements in soil monitoring network in Slovakia • Cd, Pb, Cu, Zn, Ni, Cr, Se, Co, As (aqua regia) • Hg (total content, AMA 254) • Fw (watersoluble fluorine measured by ionselective electrode) Mean content of risk elements on agricultural soils in Slovakia Soils As Cd Co Cr Cu Ni Pb Zn Se Hg FM 10.8 0.7 8.8 39.1 34.0 37.0 54.3 122.8 - 0.2 ČA 10.0 0.4 7.8 42.9 22.7 29.6 21.1 75.6 0.2 0.06 ČM 10.0 0.4 7.8 42.9 22.7 29.6 21.1 75.6 0.3 0.1 HM 9.2 0.2 10.0 41.5 22.9 32.6 19.7 68.8 0.1 0.05 LM+PG 9.9 0.3 9.7 42.8 17.0 23.3 24.2 66.7 0.2 0.07 KM 14.8 0.3 12.6 52.2 28.9 29.2 27.0 -
Use of Living and Dying Mulches As Barriers to Protect Zucchini from Insect-Caused Viruses and Phytotoxemias
Plant Disease Jan. 2008 PD-36 Use of Living and Dying Mulches as Barriers To Protect Zucchini from Insect-Caused Viruses and Phytotoxemias Cerruti R2 Hooks and Mark G. Wright Department of Plant and Environmental Protection Sciences Summary Infected plants are stunted, yield fewer fruits than healthy A field study was conducted to examine the influence plants, and the fruits are frequently distorted, rendering of interplanting zucchini (Cucurbita pepo L.) with the them unmarketable. In Hawai‘i, cucurbit crop losses cover crops white clover (Trifolium repens L.) and buck- due to aphid-transmitted viruses sometimes approach wheat (Fagopyrum esculentum) on densities of aphids 100 percent. and whiteflies, occurrences of aphid-caused viruses and In addition to aphids, whiteflies can be severe pests of whitefly-induced phytotoxemia, and crop yield. The cucurbit crops. Some can induce phytotoxemias in several white clover and buckwheat cover crops were used as plant species. Phytotoxemia is an adverse, often delayed a living and dying mulch, respectively. Zucchini plants reaction of plants to toxins introduced during insect feed- grown in bare-ground plots had greater aphid numbers ing. The silverleaf whitefly Bemisia( argentifolii Bellows and higher incidences of virus-infected plants than and Perring) is a severe pest of several agricultural crops those in the white clover and buckwheat treatment plots. throughout the world. Silverleaf whiteflies are responsible Whitefly nymph numbers were similar among treatment for a phytotoxemia know as squash silverleaf disorder types. However, the severity of squash silverleaf disorder (SSL). Feeding by immature silverleaf whiteflies causes was significantly lower on zucchini plants in white clover this physiological disorder, and symptom severity is treatments than in buckwheat treatments on each sam- dependant on the number of immature whiteflies per pling date. -
Influence of Soil Type on the Reliability of the Prediction Model
agronomy Article Influence of Soil Type on the Reliability of the Prediction Model for Bioavailability of Mn, Zn, Pb, Ni and Cu in the Soils of the Republic of Serbia Jelena Maksimovi´c*, Radmila Pivi´c,Aleksandra Stanojkovi´c-Sebi´c , Marina Jovkovi´c,Darko Jaramaz and Zoran Dini´c Institute of Soil Science, Teodora Drajzera 7, 11000 Belgrade, Serbia; [email protected] (R.P.); [email protected] (A.S.-S.); [email protected] (M.J.); [email protected] (D.J.); [email protected] (Z.D.) * Correspondence: [email protected] Abstract: The principles of sustainable agriculture in the 21st century are based on the preservation of basic natural resources and environmental protection, which is achieved through a multidisciplinary approach in obtaining solutions and applying information technologies. Prediction models of bioavailability of trace elements (TEs) represent the basis for the development of machine learning and artificial intelligence in digital agriculture. Since the bioavailability of TEs is influenced by the physicochemical properties of the soil, which are characteristic of the soil type, in order to obtain more reliable prediction models in this study, the testing set from the previous study was grouped based on the soil type. The aim of this study was to examine the possibility of improvement in the prediction of bioavailability of TEs by using a different strategy of model development. After the training set was grouped based on the criteria for the new model development, the developed basic models were compared to the basic models from the previous study. The second step was to develop Citation: Maksimovi´c,J.; Pivi´c,R.; models based on the soil type (for the eight most common soil types in the Republic of Serbia—RS) Stanojkovi´c-Sebi´c,A.; Jovkovi´c,M.; and to compare their reliability to the basic models. -
Corn (Zea Mays L.) Production in a Grass/Ciover Living Mulch System
Corn (Zea mays L.) Production in a Grass/CIover Living Mulch System by Philip R Greyson Submitted in partial fùlfillment of the requirements for the degree of Master of Science at Nova Scotia Agricultural College Truro, Nova Scotia, in cooperation with Dalhousie University Halifax, Nova Scotia March, 1998 OCopyright by Philip R. Greyson 1998 National Library Bibiiothèque nationale du Canada Acquisions and Acquisitions et Bibliographie Services services bibliographiques The author has granted a non- L'auteur a accordé une licence non exclusive licence dlowing the exc1usive permettant à la National Libmy of Canada to Bibliothèque nationale du Canada de reproduce, loan, distribute or sell reproduire, prêter, distribuer ou copies of this thesis in microform, vendre des copies de cette thèse sous paper or electronic formats. la forme de rnicrofiche/film, de reproduction sur papier ou sur format électronique. The author retains ownefihip of the L'auteur conserve la propriété du copyright in this thesis. Neither the droit d'auteur qui protège cette thèse. thesis nor substantial extracts fiom it Ni la thèse ni des extraits substantiels may be printed or otherwise de celleci ne doivent être imprimés reproduced without the author's ou autrement reproduits sans son permission. autorisation. TABLE OF CONTENTS TABLE OF CONTENTS LIST OF TABLES vii LIST OF FIGURES LIST OF ABBREVIATIONS xi ABSTRACT xii .- - ACKNOWEDGMENTS xii1 BJTRODUCTION 1 LITERATURE REVIEW 2.1 Corn 2.2 Living Mulches 2.2.1 Mulch suppression 2.2.1.I Chernical suppression 2.2.1.2Mechanical -
Living Mulch Performance in a Tropical Cotton System and Impact on Yield and Weed Control
agriculture Article Living Mulch Performance in a Tropical Cotton System and Impact on Yield and Weed Control Vinay Bhaskar 1,* ID , Robin R. Bellinder 1,†, Antonio DiTommaso 2 ID and Michael F. Walter 3 1 Horticulture Section, School of Integrative Plant Science, Cornell University, 236 Tower Rd., Ithaca, NY 14853, USA; [email protected] 2 Soil and Crop Sciences Section, School of Integrative Plant Science, Cornell University, 306 Tower Rd., Ithaca, NY 14853, USA; [email protected] 3 Department of Biological and Environmental Engineering, Cornell University, 111 Wing Dr., Ithaca, NY 14853, USA; [email protected] * Correspondence: [email protected]; Tel.: +1-607-280-7104 † Deceased. Received: 19 November 2017; Accepted: 25 January 2018; Published: 31 January 2018 Abstract: Cotton (Gossypium hirsutum L.) is a major crop in the Vidarbha region of central India. The vertisol soils on which much of the cotton is grown have been severely degraded by the tropical climate, excessive tillage and depletion of organic matter. Living mulches have the ability to mitigate these problems but they can cause crop losses through direct competition with the cotton crop and unreliable weed control. Field experiments were conducted in 2012 and 2013 at four locations in Vidarbha to study the potential for growing living mulches in mono-cropped cotton. Living mulch species evaluated included gliricidia [Gliricidia sepium (Jacq.) Kunth ex Walp.], sesbania [Sesbania sesban (L.) Merr.], sorghum sudan grass [Sorghum bicolor (L.) Moench × Sorghum bicolor (L.) Moench ssp. Drummondii (Nees ex Steud.) de Wet & Harlan] and sunnhemp (Crotalaria juncea L.). Living mulch height was controlled through mowing and herbicides were not used. -
Assessing Pedotransfer Functions to Estimate the Soil Water Retention
177 Original Article ASSESSING PEDOTRANSFER FUNCTIONS TO ESTIMATE THE SOIL WATER RETENTION VALIDAÇÃO DE FUNÇÕES DE PEDOTRANSFERÊNCIA PARA ESTIMATIVA DA RETENÇÃO DE ÁGUA NO SOLO Bruno Teixeira RIBEIRO 1; Adriana Monteiro da COSTA 2; Bruno Montoani SILVA 1; Fernando Oliveira FRANCO 3; Camila Silva BORGES 1 1. Departamento de Ciência do Solo, Universidade Federal de Lavras – UFLA, Lavras, MG, Brasil. [email protected]; 2. Instituto de Geociências, Departamento de Geografia, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais – UFMG, Belo Horizonte, MG, Brasil; 3. Empresa de Pesquisa Agropecuária de Minas Gerais, Unidade Oeste, Uberaba, MG, Brasil. ABSTRACT : Considering the importance of soil water retention for agricultural and environmental purposes, the objective of this study was to assess three pedotransfer functions (PTFs) used to estimate the soil moisture at field capacity (FC) based on soil attributes easily determined. A collection of 17 soils from the Cerrado and Pantanal biomes, including surface and subsurface horizons, was used. PTF-1 considers clay, organic matter, coarse sand, and microporosity; PTF-2 clay, total sand, and organic matter; and PTF-3 only microporosity. The estimated FC values were correlated to soil moisture values measured at different soil water potentials (0, 6, 10, 33, 100, 300, and 1500 kPa) to verify which potential corresponded to estimated FC. The data were subjected to regression analysis and Mann-Whitney rank-sum test to compare predicted and measured values and to principal component analysis (PCA). The analysis of the full dataset indicated that there was a strong correlation (R 0.84–0.91; R 2 0.71–0.82; RMSE 0.07–0.09) between estimated FC and soil water retention measured at potentials of 10 kPa and 33 kPa. -
Use of the Morphology of Buried Soil Profiles in the Pleistocene of Iowa
Proceedings of the Iowa Academy of Science Volume 58 Annual Issue Article 35 1951 Use of the Morphology of Buried Soil Profiles in the Pleistocene of Iowa W. H. Scholtes Iowa State College R. V. Ruhe Iowa State College F.F. Riecken Iowa State College Let us know how access to this document benefits ouy Copyright ©1951 Iowa Academy of Science, Inc. Follow this and additional works at: https://scholarworks.uni.edu/pias Recommended Citation Scholtes, W. H.; Ruhe, R. V.; and Riecken, F.F. (1951) "Use of the Morphology of Buried Soil Profiles in the Pleistocene of Iowa," Proceedings of the Iowa Academy of Science, 58(1), 295-306. Available at: https://scholarworks.uni.edu/pias/vol58/iss1/35 This Research is brought to you for free and open access by the Iowa Academy of Science at UNI ScholarWorks. It has been accepted for inclusion in Proceedings of the Iowa Academy of Science by an authorized editor of UNI ScholarWorks. For more information, please contact [email protected]. Scholtes et al.: Use of the Morphology of Buried Soil Profiles in the Pleistocene Use of the Morphology of Buried Soil Profiles in the Pleistocene of Iowa 1 By W. H. SCHOLTES, R. V. RuHE, and F. F. fuECKEN 2 PREVIOUS STUDIES OF BURIED SOILS Buried profiles of weathering have been recognized and utilized by many geologists in the determination and classification of Pleisto cene deposits (1) * (2) (10) (20). In Iowa, Kay (5) used the term gumbotil for super drift clays. The gumbotil was found on tabular divides and other remnants of the Kansan drift plain, and was considered to be the result of weathering of glacial drift (8). -
Leaching of Heavy Metals in Soils Conditioned with Biosolids from Sewage Sludge
Floresta e Ambiente 2019; 26(Spec No 1): e20180399 https://doi.org/10.1590/2179-8087.039918 ISSN 2179-8087 (online) Original Article Silviculture Leaching of Heavy Metals in Soils Conditioned with Biosolids from Sewage Sludge Thaís Campos1 , Guilherme Chaer2, Paulo dos Santos Leles1, Marcelo Silva1, Felipe Santos1 1Universidade Federal Rural do Rio de Janeiro, Seropédica/RJ, Brasil 2Empresa Brasileira de Pesquisa Agropecuária, Seropédica/RJ, Brasil ABSTRACT A promising use of biosolids is as organic fertilizer in agricultural and forestry activities. However, its composition might contain several pollutants, especially heavy metals, which may result in an increase in the concentrations of these elements in the soil and the risk of groundwater contamination. This study aimed to determine the leaching levels of ions in a Ferralsol (clayey texture) and in a Planosol (sandy texture). The experiment was conducted in a greenhouse at Embrapa Agrobiologia, Seropédica, Rio de Janeiro state. Soils were packed in PVC columns and received 2 L/column of biosolids. The concentrations of heavy metals present in the biosolids composition were below the limits established by the legislation (CONAMA 375). In addition, the performed simulations showed the absence of contamination risk of soil or groundwater and surface water, according to the limits allowed by CONAMA 375. However, it should be emphasized the potential of nitrate leaching. Keywords: contamination risk, chemical elements percolation, test with columns, risk analysis. Creative Commons License. All the contents of this journal, except where otherwise noted, is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution License. 2/10 Campos T, Chaer G, Leles PS, Silva M, Santos F Floresta e Ambiente 2019; 26(Spec No 1): e20180399 1.