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Nigerian Journal of Animal Science and Technology Nig Nigerian Journal of Animal Science and Technology Nig. J. Anim. Sci. Tech. Vol. 2 (2):101 - 108 Available @ www.unimaid.edu.ng NJAST © Department of Animal Science, University of Maiduguri Survey on Clinical Incidence of Dermatophilosis in Cattle in Southern Plateau State Gofwan P. G1. and Abdullahi U. S2 1Department of Animal Health and Production, Plateau State College of Agriculture, Garkawa, 2Department of Animal production, Abubakar Tafawa Balewa University, Bauchi Abstract A study was conducted to determine the incidence of clinical dermatophilosis in cattle in Southern Plateau State, Nigeria. Five (5) out of six (6) local government areas (LGA) were randomly selected and 5044 cattle were examined. Skin scrapping from suspected dermatophilosis lesions was collected from 215 cattle. The samples were processed and cultured on blood agar medium at 370 C for 48-72 hours under microaerophilic condition. Small golden yellow colonies that pitted on the media were considered dermatophilosis positive. The isolates were further examined biochemically to confirm those positive for dermatophilosis. The results showed that from the 215(4.26%) samples, 196 (3.89%) were positive with high percentage from Shendam LGA with 51 cattle (26.02%). In regard to sex 140 (71.43%) females of the 196 were positive and 56 27.57%) males were positive. The adults had more positive of 184 (93.88%) against 12 (6.12%) young. the cattle with white colours had more positive of 175 (89.29%) while other colours spotted, red and black had few that were positive 10, 7and 4 or5.10%, 3.57% and 2.04% respectively . Results from the lesion distribution indicated that chest had high number (35 or 17.88%) of the 196 with positive lesions while leg had the least number (27 or 13.78%) with positive lesions. In conclusion, dertmatophilosis exist in Southern Plateau State but the incidence was low. Therefore, preventive measures to eradicate the disease are suggested. Key words: Dermatophilosis, Cattle, Incidence, Southern Plateau. Introduction Congo according to Shoorijeh et al. (2008) Cattle’s rearing is cardinal to most farmers, which affect wide range of animals including globally, it provides them with a source of human beings. Animal species commonly protein (meat and milk), income generation affected include cattle, sheep, goats, horses and employment, raw materials, as source of farm other cloven footed ruminants. It rarely affects power and manure. In some communities, dogs and cats (Dejene et al., 2012). The study cattle play key role in many social obligations was designed to survey on clinical incidence of such as payment of dowry or as gift to most dermatophilosis in cattle in Southern Plateau important persons, rituals and prestige. State, Nigeria. However, so many factors hindered effective cattle production particularly under rural Materials and Methods management and one of such factors is The study Area incidence of diseases such as dermatophylosis The Southern Plateau (Quan–Pan, Mikang, cause by Dermatophilus congolensis. It is one Langtang North, Wase, Shendam and of the old age contagious zoonotic skin Langtang South) State is located on latitude diseases in West Africa (Dalis et al., 2010). 10oC N and longitude 8oC in the Northern According to Hirsh et al. (2004) D. congolensis Guinea Savanna zone of Nigeria. It has a is a member of aerobic actinomycetes gram minimum annual rainfall of 131.83 cm and a positive bacterium that produces motile maximum annual rainfall of 171.83 cm. The Zoospores. The disease was first reported by temperature varies from 11oC to 30oC with the Van Saceghem 1915 in cattle in the Belgian hottest month usually around April. The *[email protected] Gofwan et al. 2019 highest relative humidity is usually around conditions. Small golden yellow colonies that August (66.5%) while the lowest is in February pits on the media were considered positive. (16.5%) (Badi et al., 2007). These colonies were then sub-cultured and the pure Isolates from the secondary culture were Sample Collection then incubated into peptone broth in duplicates 5 of the LGA (Wase, Langtang south, Mikang, and kept for further studies. Langtang north and Shendam) were randomly selected and served as collection centres. Ten Data Analysis Cattle herds with 50 and above cattle were Data collected were analysed using coefficient randomly selected in each Local Government of variation of the SPSS statistical package. It Area. In each of the selected herd all the cattle was reported using mean and standard were used. The total number of 5044 cattle deviation and percentages. were used and 215 (4.26%) were identified with scab lesions and samples were collected Results and Discussion from the scabs and carefully labeled and sent Table 1 shows the distributions of clinical to Dermatophilosis Research Laboratory Dermatophilus congolensis in the cattle. A Center N.V.R.I, Vom for bacteriological total of 5044 cattle (Mean: 1008.80±175.21) examination. were observed. A higher number of the cattle (1303) were found in Shendam LGA while Sample processing/ Inoculation lower number in Mikang LGA (843). Of the The samples collected were processed for 5044 cattle, 215 (4.26%) were observed with bacterial organism using the methods reported skin scabs suspected to be dermatophilosis and by Denthe (2013) with slight modification by majority of them were in Shendam LGA 56 incorporating polymixin B. Briefly, the sample (26.0%) while few were in Mikang LGA 35 were pulverized and suspended in distilled (16.3%). All the LGA has cattle with scab water in bijou bottles and incubated at 370C for suspected due to Dermatophilosis. This 45 minutes under 10% C02. A loop – full from observation agreed with the report of Dalis et each suspension was then inoculated on 10% al. (2010) and Radostits et al. (2007) that sheep blood after containing 1000 IU/ml Dermatophilosis occur in all areas of the world polymixin B. the plates were incubated at 370C and is epizootic in the tropics and subtropics, for 48 – 72 hours under micro aerophilic Table 1: Percentage Distribution of Clinical Dermatophilus congolensis Location No cattle No with lesions & (%) observed Langtang North 921.00 38.00 (17.7) Langtang South 978.00 41.00 (19.1) Mikang 843.00 35.00 (16.3) Shendam 1303.00 56.00 (26.0) Wase 999.00 45.00 (20.9) Total 5044.00 215.00 (4.26) Mean 1008.80 43.00 - SD 175.21 8.15 - CV 17.37 18.96 - 102 Gofwan et al. 2019 Table 2 indicates distribution of general, only 3.89% of the 5044 cattle were Dermatophilus congolensis isolates. Of the infected, which is similar to 4.4% reported by 215 skin lesions suspected to be Rodostits et al. (2007) in Kano state and 4.5% Dermatophilus congolensis, 196 (91.16%) reported by Zaria (1993) in Borno state were Dermatophilosis positive. Shendam LGA indicating that the incidence was low and most had highest number of positive (51 or 26.02%) lower as 0.2% reported by Denthe (2013) in followed by Wase LGA with (43 or 21.94%) Sokoto state. while Mikang had lowest (32 or 16.32%). In Table 2: Percentage Distribution of Dermatophilus congolensis isolates Location Sample Positive sample & (%) Langtang North 38.00 34.00 (17.35) Langtang South 41.00 36.00 (18.37) Mikang 35.00 32.00 (16.32) Shendam 56.00 51.00 (26.02) Wase 45.00 43.00 (21.94) Total 215.00 196.00 (91.16) Mean 43.00 39.20 - SD 8.15 7.79 - CV 18.96 19.88 - Table 3 indicates the distribution of Rodostits et al. (2000) who reported that stress Dermatophilus congolensis isolates by Sex. of pregnancy predisposes cows to More female showed positive (140 or 71.43%) Demertophilosis and also Zaria (1993) also than males (56 or 28.57%); Shendam LGA reported that the disease is commonly observed again had more positives of both males and in female animals and this is simply because females with less in Mikang LGA in the case more female animals are often kept for of males and Langtang south LGA for females. breeding purposes. This was contrary to the The higher numbers of females to males could findings of Aitken (2007) and Babul et al. probably be due to stress of either pregnancy or (2010) that males are more susceptible than the lactation which compromises their immune females with 27.27%, against 14.20% systems. This is in agreement with the report of respectively Table 3: Distribution of Dermatophilus congolensis Isolates by Sex Male Female Location Sample +ve Sample +ve Langtang North 7.00 5.00 31.00 30.00 Langtang South 16.00 14.00 25.00 21.00 Mikang 4.00 4.00 31.00 29.00 Shendam 21.00 19.00 35.00 31.00 Wase 16.00 14.00 29.00 29.00 Total 64.00 56.00 151.00 140.00 Mean 12.80 11.20 30.20 28.00 SD 7.05 6.46 3.63 4.00 CV 55.08 57.66 12.03 14.29 103 Gofwan et al. 2019 Table 4 shows the distribution of number of 12 (6.12%) that were infected Dermatophilus congolensis isolates by colour. (Mean: 2.40±1.14). More of the infected Four (4) coat colours were observed in the adults were in Shendam LGA (49) and less in cattle includes: White, Red, Black and Spotted. Langtang North (30) because shendam has The cattle with white colour formed the more cattle population than Langtang North. majority (175(92.11%) followed by those with Also, more young were infected in Shendam spotted colour (10 or 5.10%) red colour (7 or LGA (4) and less in Mikang LGA (1).
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