First Mediterranean Conference on Classical and Quantum Gravity (MCCQG 2009): Preface
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Particles-Versus-Strings.Pdf
Particles vs. strings http://insti.physics.sunysb.edu/~siegel/vs.html In light of the huge amount of propaganda and confusion regarding string theory, it might be useful to consider the relative merits of the descriptions of the fundamental constituents of matter as particles or strings. (More-skeptical reviews can be found in my physics parodies.A more technical analysis can be found at "Warren Siegel's research".) Predictability The main problem in high energy theoretical physics today is predictions, especially for quantum gravity and confinement. An important part of predictability is calculability. There are various levels of calculations possible: 1. Existence: proofs of theorems, answers to yes/no questions 2. Qualitative: "hand-waving" results, answers to multiple choice questions 3. Order of magnitude: dimensional analysis arguments, 10? (but beware hidden numbers, like powers of 4π) 4. Constants: generally low-energy results, like ground-state energies 5. Functions: complete results, like scattering probabilities in terms of energy and angle Any but the last level eventually leads to rejection of the theory, although previous levels are acceptable at early stages, as long as progress is encouraging. It is easy to write down the most general theory consistent with special (and for gravity, general) relativity, quantum mechanics, and field theory, but it is too general: The spectrum of particles must be specified, and more coupling constants and varieties of interaction become available as energy increases. The solutions to this problem go by various names -- "unification", "renormalizability", "finiteness", "universality", etc. -- but they are all just different ways to realize the same goal of predictability. -
Prospects from Strings and Branes
Prospects from strings and branes Alexander Sevrin Vrije Universiteit Brussel and The International Solvay Institutes for Physics and Chemistry http://tena4.vub.ac.be/ Moriond 2004 Strings and branes… Moriond, March 24, 2004 1 References Not-too-technical review paper, including numerous references: Strings, Gravity and Particle Physics by Augusto Sagnotti and AS In the proceedings of 37th Rencontres de Moriond on Electroweak Interactions and Unified Theories, 2002. e-Print Archive: hep-ex/0209011 Strings and branes… Moriond, March 24, 2004 2 Contents • Dirichlet-branes • D-branes and gauge theories - Worldvolume point of view -AdS/CFT • D-branes and black holes •Cosmology • Some conclusions Strings and branes… Moriond, March 24, 2004 3 Branes Solitons: solutions of the equations of motion with a finite energy(-density) and a mass inversely proportional to the coupling constant. E.g. Scalar field in d = 1 + 1: kink. 12m3 mass = λ Other example in d = 3 + 1: magnetic monopole: 1 mass ∝ 2 gYM Strings and branes… Moriond, March 24, 2004 4 Solitons in string theory: Dirichlet branes Besides the “conventional” fields, such as e.g., gµν (x)=gνµ(x): metric = graviton Φ(x): dilaton, one has RR- potentials as well. E.g. vector potential, A µ : Fµν = ∂µAν − ∂ν Aµ, Aµ → Aµ − ∂µf, Fµν → Fµν . Couples to particles: µ S = q dτ x˙ (τ)Aµ(x(τ)). Z Strings and branes… Moriond, March 24, 2004 5 E.g. 2-form potential, A µ ν = − A ν µ : Fµνρ = ∂µAνρ + ∂ν Aρµ + ∂ρAµν , Aµν → Aµν − ∂µfν + ∂ν fµ,Fµνρ → Fµνρ. Couples to strings: µ ν S = q dτdσ x˙(τ, σ) x0(τ, σ) Aµν (x(τ, σ)). -
August to December 2011 ALTERNATIVE COSMOLOGY GROUP
1 ALTERNATIVE COSMOLOGY GROUP www.cosmology.info Monthly Notes of the Alternative Cosmology Group – 2011 Part Two: August to December 2011 The ACG Webmaster who distributes this newsletter to subscribers would prefer not to receive related correspondence. Please address all correspondence to MNACG Editor, Hilton Ratcliffe: [email protected]. The ACG newsletter is distributed gratis to subscribers. Get onto our mailing list without obligation at www.cosmology.info/newsletter. The current newsletter is a review of more than 12,000 papers published on arXiv under astro-ph, together with 6500 under gen-phys, for the months of April to December, 2011. We now include papers archived elsewhere, provided access is full and open. The Alternative Cosmology Group draws its mandate from the open letter published in New Scientist, 2004 (www.cosmologystatement.org), and these monthly notes seek to publicise recently published empirical results that are aligned with that ethos. In other words, what observations seem anomalous in terms of the Standard Model of Cosmology? We prefer observational results and tend to avoid complete cosmologies and purely theoretical work. Discussion of method is welcome. If you would like to suggest recently published or archived papers for inclusion, please send the arXiv, viXra or other direct reference and a brief exposition to Hilton Ratcliffe ([email protected]). Note that our spam filter rejects slash and colon in the text, so please write web addresses commencing “www”. I. Editorial comment I apologise most profusely again for the delay in getting the MNACG out to you. This newsletter and one that preceded it cover several months each, so please pardon their lengthiness. -
MAP-Fis Essay Proposal, 2014-2015 (Please Write in English)
MAP-fis Essay Proposal, 2014-2015 (please write in English) Supervisor Name: Orfeu Bertolami Neto E-mail: [email protected] Co-supervisor Name: João Pedro Trancoso Gomes Rosa E-mail: [email protected] Title Interaction of dark energy and dark matter to Standard Model States Area (Materials, Optics, Condensed Theory, High Energy Theory,....); Cosmology, Particle Physics Summary of Proposal In this proposal it is intended to build and to examine the implications of the interaction between dark energy, dark matter and states of the Standard Model. We will be particularly interested in the study of the coupling to the Higgs and the neutrino sectors. This is a very interesting and relevant research topic that combines several research fields, Particle Physics, Astrophysics and Cosmology, for which there is a rich literature [1-9]. (continue if necessary) MAP-fis Physics Doctoral Program – [email protected] – http://www.map.edu.pt/fis Departamento e Física e Astronomia, Faculdade de Ciências da Universidade do Porto, 4169-007 Porto Portugal - Tel: +351 220402393 References (to allow students first look at topic) [1] N. Bilic, G. B. Tupper, R. D. Viollier, “Unification of Dark Matter and Dark Energy: the Inhomogeneous Chaplygin Gas”, Phys. Lett. B535 (2002) 17-21. [2] M. C. Bento, O. Bertolami, A. A. Sen, "Generalized Chaplygin Gas, Accelerated Expansion and Dark Energy-Matter Unification", Phys.Rev. D66 (2002) 043507. [3] M.C. Bento, O. Bertolami, R. Rosenfeld, L. Teodoro, "Self-interacting Dark Matter and Invisibly Decaying Higgs", Phys. Rev. D62 (2000) 041302. [4] M.C. Bento, O. Bertolami, R. -
Thesis in Amsterdam
UvA-DARE (Digital Academic Repository) The physics and mathematics of microstates in string theory: And a monstrous Farey tail de Lange, P. Publication date 2016 Document Version Final published version Link to publication Citation for published version (APA): de Lange, P. (2016). The physics and mathematics of microstates in string theory: And a monstrous Farey tail. General rights It is not permitted to download or to forward/distribute the text or part of it without the consent of the author(s) and/or copyright holder(s), other than for strictly personal, individual use, unless the work is under an open content license (like Creative Commons). Disclaimer/Complaints regulations If you believe that digital publication of certain material infringes any of your rights or (privacy) interests, please let the Library know, stating your reasons. In case of a legitimate complaint, the Library will make the material inaccessible and/or remove it from the website. Please Ask the Library: https://uba.uva.nl/en/contact, or a letter to: Library of the University of Amsterdam, Secretariat, Singel 425, 1012 WP Amsterdam, The Netherlands. You will be contacted as soon as possible. UvA-DARE is a service provided by the library of the University of Amsterdam (https://dare.uva.nl) Download date:10 Oct 2021 P a u A dissertation that delves l The Physics & d into physical and e L mathematical aspects of a Microstates Mathematics of n g string theory. In the first e part ot this book, Microstates in T microscopic porperties of h Moonshine e string theoretic black String Theory P h holes are investigated. -
The Birth of String Theory
The Birth of String Theory Edited by Andrea Cappelli INFN, Florence Elena Castellani Department of Philosophy, University of Florence Filippo Colomo INFN, Florence Paolo Di Vecchia The Niels Bohr Institute, Copenhagen and Nordita, Stockholm Contents Contributors page vii Preface xi Contents of Editors' Chapters xiv Abbreviations and acronyms xviii Photographs of contributors xxi Part I Overview 1 1 Introduction and synopsis 3 2 Rise and fall of the hadronic string Gabriele Veneziano 19 3 Gravity, unification, and the superstring John H. Schwarz 41 4 Early string theory as a challenging case study for philo- sophers Elena Castellani 71 EARLY STRING THEORY 91 Part II The prehistory: the analytic S-matrix 93 5 Introduction to Part II 95 6 Particle theory in the Sixties: from current algebra to the Veneziano amplitude Marco Ademollo 115 7 The path to the Veneziano model Hector R. Rubinstein 134 iii iv Contents 8 Two-component duality and strings Peter G.O. Freund 141 9 Note on the prehistory of string theory Murray Gell-Mann 148 Part III The Dual Resonance Model 151 10 Introduction to Part III 153 11 From the S-matrix to string theory Paolo Di Vecchia 178 12 Reminiscence on the birth of string theory Joel A. Shapiro 204 13 Personal recollections Daniele Amati 219 14 Early string theory at Fermilab and Rutgers Louis Clavelli 221 15 Dual amplitudes in higher dimensions: a personal view Claud Lovelace 227 16 Personal recollections on dual models Renato Musto 232 17 Remembering the `supergroup' collaboration Francesco Nicodemi 239 18 The `3-Reggeon vertex' Stefano Sciuto 246 Part IV The string 251 19 Introduction to Part IV 253 20 From dual models to relativistic strings Peter Goddard 270 21 The first string theory: personal recollections Leonard Susskind 301 22 The string picture of the Veneziano model Holger B. -
Gravity, Gauge Theory and Strings
Les Houches - Ecole d'Ete de Physique Theorique 76 Unity from Duality: Gravity, Gauge Theory and Strings Les Houches Session LXXVI, July 30 - August 31, 2001 Bearbeitet von Constantin P. Bachas, Adel Bilal, Michael R. Douglas, Nikita A. Nekrasov, Francois David 1. Auflage 2003. Buch. xxxiv, 664 S. Hardcover ISBN 978 3 540 00276 5 Format (B x L): 15,5 x 23,5 cm Gewicht: 1220 g Weitere Fachgebiete > Technik > Verfahrenstechnik, Chemieingenieurwesen, Lebensmitteltechnik Zu Inhaltsverzeichnis schnell und portofrei erhältlich bei Die Online-Fachbuchhandlung beck-shop.de ist spezialisiert auf Fachbücher, insbesondere Recht, Steuern und Wirtschaft. Im Sortiment finden Sie alle Medien (Bücher, Zeitschriften, CDs, eBooks, etc.) aller Verlage. Ergänzt wird das Programm durch Services wie Neuerscheinungsdienst oder Zusammenstellungen von Büchern zu Sonderpreisen. Der Shop führt mehr als 8 Millionen Produkte. Preface The 76th session of the Les Houches Summer School in Theoretical Physics was devoted to recent developments in string theory, gauge theories and quantum gravity. As frequently stated, Superstring Theory is the leading candidate for a unified theory of all fundamental physical forces and elementary parti- cles. This claim, and the wish to reconcile general relativity and quantum mechanics, have provided the main impetus for the development of the the- ory over the past two decades. More recently the discovery of dualities, and of important new tools such as D-branes, has greatly reinforced this point of view. On the one hand there is now good reason to believe that the underlying theory is unique. On the other hand, we have for the first time working (though unrealistic) microscopic models of black hole mechan- ics. -
Anomaly-Free Supergravities in Six Dimensions
Anomaly-Free Supergravities in Six Dimensions Ph.D. Thesis arXiv:hep-th/0611133v1 12 Nov 2006 Spyros D. Avramis National Technical University of Athens School of Applied Mathematics and Natural Sciences Department of Physics Spyros D. Avramis Anomaly-Free Supergravities in Six Dimensions Dissertation submitted to the Department of Physics of the National Technical University of Athens in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the degree of Doctor of Philosophy in Physics. Thesis Advisor: Alex Kehagias Thesis Committee: Alex Kehagias Elias Kiritsis George Zoupanos K. Anagnostopoulos A.B. Lahanas E. Papantonopoulos N.D. Tracas Athens, February 2006 Abstract This thesis reviews minimal N = 2 chiral supergravities coupled to matter in six dimensions with emphasis on anomaly cancellation. In general, six-dimensional chiral supergravities suffer from gravitational, gauge and mixed anomalies which, being associated with the breakdown of local gauge symmetries, render the theories inconsistent at the quantum level. Consistency of the theory is restored if the anomalies of the theory cancel via the Green-Schwarz mechanism or generalizations thereof, in a similar manner as in the case of ten-dimensional N = 1 supergravi- ties. The anomaly cancellation conditions translate into a certain set of constraints for the gauge group of the theory as well as on its matter content. For the case of ungauged theories these constraints admit numerous solutions but, in the case of gauged theories, the allowed solutions are remarkably few. In this thesis, we examine these anomaly cancellation conditions in detail and we present all solutions to these conditions under certain restrictions on the allowed gauge groups and representations, imposed for practical reasons. -
Vanishing Perturbative Vacuum Energy in Non-Supersymmetric
hep-th/0403107 HU-EP-04-13 IFUM-786-FT Vanishing Perturbative Vacuum Energy in Non-Supersymmetric Orientifolds Carlo Angelantonj† and Matteo Cardella‡ † Institut f¨ur Physik, Humboldt-Universit¨at zu Berlin Newtonstr. 15, D-12489 Berlin ‡ Dipartimento di Fisica dell’Universit`adi Milano INFN sezione di Milano, via Celoria 16, I-20133 Milano Abstract We present a novel source for supersymmetry breaking in orientifold models, and show arXiv:hep-th/0403107v2 15 Jun 2004 that it gives a vanishing contribution to the vacuum energy at genus zero and three-half. We also argue that all the corresponding perturbative contributions to the vacuum energy from higher-genus Riemann surfaces vanish identically. March, 2004 1. Introduction One of the outstanding problems in String Theory is to understand why the cosmo- logical constant is extremely small and possibly zero after supersymmetry is broken. Type II string models with vanishing perturbative contributions to the cosmological constant were studied in refs [1,2]. Their main feature is a Fermi-Bose degenerate spectrum, that guarantees an automatic vanishing of the one-loop vacuum energy. Aside from the ques- tion of higher-loop corrections [3], their main defect, however, was that the non-Abelian gauge sector appearing on appropriate D-brane collections was also supersymmetric [4,5]. It is thus questionable whether such constructions can accommodate D-brane spectra with large supersymmetry-breaking mass splittings. Alternatively, in [6] an extended class of non-supersymmetric orientifold models was presented, where the leading contribution to the one-loop cosmological constant vanishes in the large radius limit as 1/R4, but whose non-supersymmetric D-brane spectra exhibit Fermi-Bose degeneracy at the massless level, with mass splittings of the order of the string scale. -
Tadpole Resummations in String Theory Arxiv:0801.1702V1 [Hep-Th
Tadpole Resummations in String Theory Noriaki Kitazawa Department of Physics, Tokyo Metropolitan University, Hachioji, Tokyo 192-0397, Japan e-mail: [email protected] Abstract While R-R tadpoles should be canceled for consistency, string models with bro- ken supersymmetry generally have uncanceled NS-NS tadpoles. Their presence signals that the background does not solve the field equations, so that these models are in \wrong" vacua. In this letter we investigate, with reference to some pro- totype examples, whether the true values of physical quantities can be recovered resumming the NS-NS tadpoles, hence by an approach that is related to the analy- sis based on String Field Theory by open-closed duality. We show that, indeed, the positive classical vacuum energy of a Dp-brane of the bosonic string is exactly can- celed by the negative contribution arising from tree-level tadpole resummation, in complete agreement with Sen's conjecture on open-string tachyon condensation and with the consequent analysis based on String Field Theory. We also show that the vanishing classical vacuum energy of the SO(8192) unoriented bosonic open-string theory does not receive any tree-level corrections from the tadpole resummation. This result is consistent with the fact that this (unstable) configuration is free from tadpoles of massless closed-string modes, although there is a tadpole of the closed string tachyon. The application of this method to superstring models with broken arXiv:0801.1702v1 [hep-th] 11 Jan 2008 supersymmetry is also discussed. 1 Introduction String models with tension in the TeV region [1] are an exciting possibility for physics beyond the Standard Model (for a review, see refs. -
Composite Anomaly in Supergravity and String Amplitude Comparison Soumya Sasmal
Composite Anomaly in Supergravity and String Amplitude Comparison Soumya Sasmal To cite this version: Soumya Sasmal. Composite Anomaly in Supergravity and String Amplitude Comparison. High Energy Physics - Theory [hep-th]. Université Paris Saclay (COmUE), 2017. English. NNT : 2017SACLS198. tel-01614382v2 HAL Id: tel-01614382 https://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-01614382v2 Submitted on 11 Oct 2017 HAL is a multi-disciplinary open access L’archive ouverte pluridisciplinaire HAL, est archive for the deposit and dissemination of sci- destinée au dépôt et à la diffusion de documents entific research documents, whether they are pub- scientifiques de niveau recherche, publiés ou non, lished or not. The documents may come from émanant des établissements d’enseignement et de teaching and research institutions in France or recherche français ou étrangers, des laboratoires abroad, or from public or private research centers. publics ou privés. NNT : 2017SACLS198 THÈSE DE DOCTORAT DE L’UNIVERSITÉ PARIS-SACLAY PRÉPARÉE À L’UNIVERSITÉ PARIS-SUD AU SEIN DE L’INSTITUT DE PHYSIQUE THÉORIQUE, CEA, SACLAY Ecole doctorale n◦564 Ecole Doctorale Physique en Ile-de-France Spécialité de doctorat: Physique par M. SOUMYA SASMAL Composite Anomaly in Supergravity and String Amplitude Comparison Thèse présentée et soutenue à l’Institut de Physique Théorique, CEA, Saclay, le 06 Septembre 2017. Composition du Jury : M. ULRICH ELLWANGER Professeur (Président du jury) LPT Orsay M. CARLO ANGELANTONJ Chargé de recherche (Rapporteur) Turin University M. GUILLAUME BOSSARD Chargé de recherche (Examinateur) CPHT Ecole Polytechnique M. STEFAN HOHENEGGER Maître de conférence (Rapporteur) IPNL, Université de Lyon M. RUBEN MINASIAN Directeur de recherche (Directeur de thèse) IPHT, CEA, Saclay M. -
Homogeneous Spherically Symmetric Bodies with a Nonminimal Coupling
Gen. Rel. Grav. manuscript No. (will be inserted by the editor) Homogeneous spherically symmetric bodies with a non-minimal coupling between curvature and matter The choice of the Lagrangian density for matter Orfeu Bertolami · Jorge Páramos Received: September 20, 2021/ Accepted: Abstract In this work we study how a non-minimal coupling between matter and gravity can modify the structure of a homogeneous spherical body. The physical rele- vance of the adopted Lagrangian density is ascertained, with results obtained for two different choices of the latter. Keywords Nonminimal Coupling · Lagrangean Density · Interior Solution PACS 04.20.Fy · 04.80.Cc · 11.10.Ef 1 Introduction Despite its great experimental success (see e.g. Refs. [1,2]), General Relativity (GR) is not the most encompassing way to couple matter with curvature. Indeed, matter and curvature can be coupled, for instance, in a non-minimal way [3], extending the well-known class of f (R) theories [4–6]. This nonminimal coupling can have a bearing on the dark matter [3,7,8] and dark energy [9–12] problems, impact the well-known energy conditions [13], affect the Yukawa potential addition prompted by f (R) theories in Solar System tests of gravity [14, 15], modify the Layzer-Irvine equation of virial equilibrium [16] and can give rise to wormhole and time machines [17]. In Ref. [18], several phenomenological aspects of the dynamics of perfect fluids non-minimally coupled to curvature were addressed — in particular, the scenario of an axisymmetric dust distribution with constant