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Portuguese SKA White Book Portuguese SKA White Book Title Portuguese SKA White Book Cover Image credit: Square Kilometre Array Organisation Editorial Board Domingos Barbosa (Instituto de Telecomunicações) Sonia Antón (Universidade of Aveiro, Instituto de Telecomunicações) João Paulo Barraca (Instituto de Telecomunicações, Universidade of Aveiro) Miguel Bergano (Instituto de Telecomunicações) Alexandre Correia (Universidade de Coimbra) Dalmiro Maia (Faculdade de Ciências da Universidade do Porto) Valério Ribeiro (Instituto de Telecomunicações, Universidade de Aveiro) Publisher UA Editora – Universidade de Aveiro ISBN 978-972-789-637-0 Agradecemos o apoio financeiro da Infraestrutura de Investigação E-Ciência Sustentável com o Square Kilometre Array (ENGAGE SKA), referência POCI-01-0145-FEDER-022217, financiada pelo Programa Operacional Competitividade e Internacionalização (COMPETE 2020) e pela Fundação para a Ciência e Tecnologia (FCT), Portugal, o apoio do Instituto de Telecomunicações, da Faculdade de Ciências da Universidade do Porto, da Universidade de Aveiro, da Universidade de Coimbra e do TICE.PT. Este trabalho foi tambem apoiado pela FCT e MCTES através de fundos nacionais e quando aplicável cofinanciado pelo FEDER, no âmbito do Acordo de Parceria PT2020 no âmbito do projeto UID/EEA/50008/2019 e projectos UIDB/50008/2020-UIDP/50008/2020. We acknowledge financial support from Enabling Green E-science for the Square Kilometre Array Research Infrastructure (ENGAGE SKA), grant POCI-01-0145-FEDER-022217, funded by Programa Operacional Competitividade e Internacionalização (COMPETE 2020) and FCT, Portugal, and support from Instituto de Telecomunicações, Faculty of Sciences of University of Porto, University of Coimbra, University of Aveiro and TICE.PT. This work was also funded by the Portuguese Science Foundation (FCT) and Ministério da Ciência, Tecnologia e Ensino Superior (MCTES) through national funds and when applicable co-funded EU funds under the project UIDB/50008/2020-UIDP/50008/2020 and UID/EEA/50008/2019. 2020 Portuguese SKA White Book Page 2 of 210 “…” “SKA: will be one of the great physics machines of 21st Century and, when complete, one of the world’s engineering marvels.” “…Broader science range than any other science facility on Earth.” Philip Diamond, SKA Director General, At Portugal’s SKA Meeting, Agência para o Investimento e Comércio Externo de Portugal (AICEP Portugal Global), Lisboa 2015 2020 Portuguese SKA White Book Page 3 of 210 2020 Portuguese SKA White Book Page 4 of 210 Table of Contents Table of Contents ............................................................................................................ 5 Prefácio ........................................................................................................................... 9 Foreword ....................................................................................................................... 11 A importância da Radioastronomia .............................................................................. 13 The Square Kilometre Array: A Summary ................................................................... 15 Scientific Challenges ..................................................................................................... 37 Cosmology with SKA ............................................................................................................ 39 Orfeu Bertolami and Cláudio Gomes ............................................................................................ 39 Searching for new cosmology boundaries with SKA ............................................................. 45 P. Moniz ........................................................................................................................................ 45 Probing Particle Physics via Primordial Gravitational Waves at SKA .................................. 49 António P. Morais ......................................................................................................................... 49 Witnessing the birth of galaxies with SKA and SKA-percursors ........................................... 53 José Afonsoa,b, Stergios Amarantidisa,b, Israel Matutea,b, Ciro Pappalardoa,b ................................ 53 Active Galactic Nuclei and High redshift Radio Galaxies in the SKA era ............................. 59 Sonia Antóna,b, Andrew Humphreyc, Tom Scottc .......................................................................... 59 HI Gas in Star-Forming Dwarf Galaxies: The SKA Perspective ........................................... 65 Mercedes E. Filhoa,b ...................................................................................................................... 65 Probing the interior of Neutron Stars and the QCD phase diagram with SKA ..................... 69 Constança Providência*, Pedro Costa, Márcio Ferreira, Helena Pais, Renan C. Pereira ................... 69 Astrophysical Transients ....................................................................................................... 75 Valério A. R. M. Ribeiroa,b, João G. Rosac, Sonia Antóna ............................................................ 75 Exoplanets and the Cradle of Life with the SKA Telescope ................................................... 83 Alexandre C. M. Correiaa, Tjarda C. N. Boekholta, Alan J. Alvesa, Ema Valentea ...................... 83 Solar and space weather science with the SKA ...................................................................... 87 Dalmiro Jorge Filipe Maia ............................................................................................................ 87 Radioastronomy and Space Science in Azores: Enhancing the Atlantic VLBI Infrastructure cluster ; I - Scientific opportunities ....................................................................................... 91 Domingos Barbosa1, Sonia Anton2 , Miguel Bergano1, Tjarda Boekholt1, Bruno Coelho1, Alexandre Correia5, Dalmiro Maia3,Valério Ribeiro1,2 ,Jason Adams3,6 ....................................... 91 Radioastronomy and Space Science in Azores: Enhancing the Atlantic VLBI Infrastructure cluster; II- Space synergies .................................................................................................. 103 Domingos Barbosa1, Sonia Anton1,2 , Miguel Bergano1, Tjarda Boekholt1, Bruno Coelho1, Alexandre Correia5, Dalmiro Maia3,Valério Ribeiro1,2 ,Jason Adams3,6 ..................................... 103 Big Data and Computing ............................................................................................. 115 Computational Astrophysics and SKA ................................................................................ 117 Tjarda C. N. Boekholtb,c, Valério A. R. M. Ribeiroa,b, Alan J. Alves do Carmoc and ................. 117 Alexandre C. M. Correiac ............................................................................................................ 117 High Performance Computing in Astrophysics ................................................................... 121 Miguel A. de Avillez ................................................................................................................... 121 Virtualization technologies for the SKA data challenge: high availability and reproducibility requirements ....................................................................................................................... 125 J. B. Morgado*a, D. Maiaa, D. Barbosab, João Paulo Barracab, J. Berganob, D. Bartashevichb, Nuno Silvac ................................................................................................................................. 125 2020 Portuguese SKA White Book Page 5 of 210 SKA Slow Transients Pipeline Prototype and compute platforms: towards multi-messaging Big data pipelines ................................................................................................................ 131 Luis Lucasa, Nuno Silvaa, João Estevesa, Domingos Barbosab, Dalmiro Maiac, João Paulo Barracab,c, Miguel Berganob, Diogo Gomesb,c............................................................................. 131 Turning radioastronomy and future SKA infrastructure into an Internet of Things (IoT) System: enabling Smart Farming and Water Quality Monitoring ...................................... 137 José Jasnau Caeiroa, João C. Martinsa, Domingos Barbosab,c, João Paulo Barracab,c, Diogo Gomesb,c, Dalmiro Maiad ............................................................................................................ 137 Excellence and Society, Education and Dissemination ................................................ 149 ENAbling Green E-science for SKA - Capacitation and Sustainability of Portuguese participation in the SKA with radioastronomy as an Innovation Open Living Lab ............. 151 Domingos Barbosaa, Dalmiro Maiad, Bruno Morgadod, Helder Ribeirod, Sonia Antonb, Valério Ribeiroba,b, Alexandre Correiae, Miguel Avillezf,g, João Paulo Martinsh, Joao Paulo Barrosh, José Jasnau Caeiroh, Miguel Berganoa, Tjarda Boekholta,e, Bruno Coelhoa, João Paulo Barracaa,c, Diogo Gomesa,c, Rui Aguiara,c ..................................................................................................... 151 DOPPLER: Development of PALOP Knowledge in Radio Astronomy ............................... 157 Valério A. R. M. Ribeiroa,b, Antonio Batel Anjoc,d, Domingos Barbosab, João Paulo Barracab,e, Diogo Gomesb,e, Miguel Berganob, Dalmiro J. F. Maiaf, Maria Luísa Bastosf, Neftalí Sillerof, Ana
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