DOCSLIB.ORG

Analysis of Nutrient Dynamics in Roxo Catchment Using Remote Sensing Data and Numerical Modeling

Total Page：16

File Type：pdf, Size：1020Kb

Download full-text PDF Read full-text
Analysis of Nutrient Dynamics in Roxo Catchment Using Remote Sensing Data and Numerical Modeling Analysis of Nutrient Dynamics in Roxo Catchment Using Remote Sensing Data and Numerical Modeling Imesh Chanaka Bihawala Vithanage March, 2009 Analysis of Nutrient Dynamics in Roxo Catchment Using Remote Sensing Data and Numerical Modeling by Imesh Chanaka Bihawala Vithanage Thesis submitted to the International Institute for Geo-information Science and Earth Observation in partial fulfilment of the requirements for the degree of Master of Science in Geo-information Science and Earth Observation. Specialisation: Integrated Watershed Modeling and Management. Thesis Assessment Board Professor Dr. Z. Bob Su, Chairman, WREM Department, ITC Dr. Ir. D.C.M. Augustijn, External Examiner, WEM Department, UT Dr. Ir C.M.M. Chris Mannaerts, First Supervisor, WREM Department, ITC Dr. B.H.P. Maathuis, Second Supervisor, WREM Department, ITC M. Yevenes, Advisor, WREM Department, ITC INTERNATIONAL INSTITUTE FOR GEO-INFORMATION SCIENCE AND EARTH OBSERVATION ENSCHEDE, THE NETHERLANDS Analysis of Nutrient Dynamics in Roxo Catchment Using Remote Sensing data and Numerical Modeling Disclaimer This document describes work undertaken as part of a programme of study at the International Institute for Geo-information Science and Earth Observation. All views and opinions expressed therein remain the sole responsibility of the author, and do not necessarily represent those of the institute. Analysis of Nutrient Dynamics in Roxo Catchment Using Remote Sensing data and Numerical Modeling Abstract The water quality in catchments is influenced by the complex combinations of land use, point sources combined with weather and other natural and human influences. Agricultural non point source pollution is usually considered a major cause of water quality deterioration in larger agricultural catchments. Farmers usually tend to use more fertiliser with the intention of making more harvest without considering the optimum doses, and their effects on the environment. Excess nutrients leached through the watershed and are collected on the downstream water bodies, making them eutrophic, being excessive algae and/or plant growth due to an abundance of nutrients. The excess growth of algae and phytoplankton has various deleterious effects of the water storage and distribution systems like clogging of filters, reduction of dissolved oxygen (DO), unpleasant taste and odour. Some algae species (e.g., blue green algae) may be toxic to fish, animals (like birds) and even humans (Chapra, 1997). In addition ammonia (NH3), nitrates (NO3) and nitrites (NO2) can be harmful when present in excessive amounts in water. In this study, our aim was to research the hydrological and environmental processes associated with Nitrogen (N) and Phosphorous (P) compounds and their dynamics in the hydrological system of the Roxo catchment. A model is developed that simulates the catchment flow hydraulics and the water quality in the catchment and Roxo reservoir. A special effort was put in place to model the effects of the Beja city waste water treatment plant (WWTP) as a test case for the model. This WWTP is an identified nutrient point source in the upper catchment. The hydrological, physical and biochemical water quality processes have been developed using Duflow Modeling Studio (DMS) including its Rainfall Runoff component model (RAM), based on linear reservoir theory. RAM elements (runoff areas) permit simulation of runoff hydrograph at the detailed sub-catchment level and permit to simulate distributed nutrient source (N, P) apportionment of agricultural areas to streams. Because no direct stream flow gauging station was present existing in the upper Roxo, a reservoir water balance technique was used to estimate daily catchment stream flow to the reservoir. An extensive data set was available for this purpose. The hydrological model calibration and validation was based on this, was judged satisfactory. During summer periods, some small negative inflows were computed. These small estimation errors were considered due the precision in the level measurements, as well as uncertainties in some water abstraction values (extra unregistered withdrawals) or losses (evaporation, groundwater) from the reservoir especially during summer periods. The flow calibration of DMS was finally performed using cumulative decadal inflow values. Besides running of the DMS model using interpolations from daily rain gauge data, we have run the model with remote sensing derived rainfall data (i.e. the Meteosat Multi-sensor Precipitation Estimate or MSG-MPE). We used a density of 18 data extraction points to represent catchment rainfall inputs. A simulation period starting from Jan 2007 to May 2008 with daily time steps was used for the purpose, and was a function of the availability of the MSG satellite rainfall data products. The study showed that the MSG daily rainfall data is not properly correlated with the daily gauge precipitation records. However when compared with the entire period, the cumulative result showed good agreement with the i aggregated gauge station total rainfalls. The hydrologic responses produced using MPE showed that there are discrepancies with runoff hydrographs and this can be explained by the occasional high magnitude rainfalls recorded in the MPE that are significantly different from the gauge records. After calibration and validation of the flow model, and comparison of the rainfall runoff response using ground gauged rainfall and satellite precipitation inputs, nutrient export from the agriculture areas, and the impact of a point source (i.e., the WWTP) was simulated. These first results were interpreted and compared to observed stream and reservoir water quality data. Although, initial water quality modeling results are encouraging, and confirmed we were able to simulate the magnitudes and local spatial and temporal variations of the nutrient processes, much more model and parameter uncertainties need to be eliminated before the water quality model can be judge as appropriate for the upper Roxo catchment and the reservoir system. This can be obtained through further study and research. ii Analysis of Nutrient Dynamics in Roxo Catchment Using Remote Sensing data and Numerical Modeling Acknowledgements First and the foremost I am grateful to my employer National Water Supply and Drainage Board, Sri Lanka for allowing me to take this valued long-term fellowship to pursue with Master of Science Degree. At the same time I am thankful to ITC for offering me this esteemed MSc degree programme and also providing me with a scholarship for financing all expenses during 18 months period. I express my heartiest appreciation to my 1st supervisor Dr Ir. C.M.M Mannaerts for the support and guidance extended to me during this whole research period. The encouragement and the critical reviews had immensely helped in shaping up the thesis to the due expectations. Further, during the field campaign at Portugal, Chris’s assistance was enormous as he had not limit himself just a supervisor’s task but guided us at all possible occasions to get the maximum out of field visit. I would also acknowledge the Dr B.H.P Maathuis, my 2nd supervisor. He often supported me at critical junctures when struggling with technical issues. At the same time I am grateful to Drs J.B de Smeth for providing space at the laboratory and supplying ancillary logistics for performing water sample analysis and the supervision over performing water quality testing in due manner. I would also like to remember the Technical Director I. Oliveira and his staff of COTR, Engineer Alexandre Leal of EMAS, The Director ABROXO and Engineer R. Nobre from IPB (Beja) for the corporation extended to us in providing essential information for the success of this research study. I am also thankful to Mariella, Murat and colleagues Fransiska, Prescilla and Daphne, who were with me during the field campaign and for working as a team in attending the objectives. Moreover they made the field campaign more enjoyable. I would also like to acknowledge the lecturers of the WREM programme, whom made me equipped with proper tools and techniques to proceed with the research work. It is also essential to thank ITC library in providing essential information and resources, when I made a simple request to them. I also wish to thank all my friends in the WREM 2008 for giving suggestions, thoughtful reviews during this research phase. Last but not least, I would like to express my sincere gratitude to my family, Niroshini, Iresh and Harshi for the moral support and love they have showed me during this long duration I was away from them. Especially the tolerance they have showed during this tough time made this task possible for me and to concentrate more on my studies. Finally I wish thank my parents for supporting me in all possible ways and looking after my family with utmost care during this 18 months period. iii Table of contents 1. Introduction.................................................................................................................................1 1.1. Background......................................................................................................................1 1.2. Research problem.............................................................................................................2 1.3. Objectives ........................................................................................................................3 1.4. Research questions ...........................................................................................................3
Load more

Recommended publications
  • Wines of Alentejo Varieties by Season Sustainability Program (WASP) 18 23 24
    Alentejo History Alentejo The 8 sub-regions of DOC the 'Alentejo' PDO 2 6 8 'Alentejano' Grape Red Grape PGI Varieties Varieties 10 13 14 The Alentejo White Grape Viticulture Season Wines of Alentejo Varieties by Season Sustainability Program (WASP) 18 23 24 Wine Tourism Alentejo Wine Grapes used in Gastronomy Wines of Alentejo blends 26 28 30 Facts and Guarantee Figures of Origin 33 36 WINES OF ALENTEJO UNIQUE BY NATURE CVRA - COMISSÃO VITIVINÍCOLA REGIONAL ALENTEJANA Copy: Rui Falcão Photographic credits: Nuno Luis, Tiago Caravana, Pedro Moreira and Fabrice Demoulin Graphic design: Duas Folhas With thanks to Essência do Vinho The AlentejoWINE REGION There is something profoundly invigorating and liberating about the Alentejo landscape: its endlessly open countryside, gently undulating plains, wide blue skies and distant horizons. The landscape mingles with the vines and cereal crops – an ever-changing canvas of colour: intensely green towards the end of winter, the colour of straw at the end of spring, and deep ochre during the final months of summer. 1 All over the Alentejo there are archaeological markers suggesting that wine has Historybeen an important part of life up to the present day. Whilst it is not known exactly when wine and viticulture was introduced to the Alentejo, there is plenty of evidence that they were already part of the day-to-day life in the Alentejo by the time the Romans arrived in the south of Portugal. It is thought that the Tartessians, an ancient civilisation based in the south of the Iberian Peninsula and heirs of the Andalusian Megalithic culture, were the first to domesticate vineyards and introduce winemaking principles in the Alentejo.
    [Show full text]
  • National Public Libraries Network
    PUBLIC LIBRARIES NATIONAL NETWORK The emancipation of a foundation project Maria José Moura António Marta Braga Exactly 20 years ago I was asked to build a program for the promotion of public reading in Portugal, which would be supported by a partnership between central and local administration, aiming to create and develop public libraries with all the modern requirements, then pioneering, in our subject. The technical and financial support, conceived as program-contracts – which only after, were generalised for other purposes – was taken as a model for several more recent networks of cultural equipments, as it was considered a success case at a national and international level. Having been asked to tell you a bit of this story, I can’t however say it were all successes and that, if the majority of the strategic options were shown to be right, some happened that, being presented in valid time, were not considered to be a priority in political terms – giving privilege to quantity, which means, a faster coverage of all territory – and that to other propositions was not given implementation, not only because shortage of resources, but also given the overall difficulties, which resulted in lost opportunities. It is clear today, thinking in all this experience, that it’s easier to identify what would have been better to do, particularly if we ignore, with bigger or smaller good will, the temporal circumstances or the general context itself. Illustrating this fact, it is certain that, on one hand, we lack cooperation habits to optimise the investments made by each one of the partners, on the other, the costs of the technologies, widely spread in the last years, are not yet today accessible to many of them, being financially, being in it’s proper use since there is lack of human resources or they are insufficiently skilled.
    [Show full text]
  • The Portuguese Agrarian Reform: Why No Violent Repression?
    Departamento de Ciência Política e Políticas Públicas The Portuguese Agrarian Reform: Why no Violent Repression? Ana Rita Monteiro Marques Dissertação submetida como requisito parcial para obtenção do grau de Mestre em Ciência Política Orientador(a): Doutora Filipa Raimundo, Professora Auxiliar Convidada, ISCTE-Instituto Universitário de Lisboa Agradecimentos À professora Nancy Bermeo por me ter dado a faísca que despertou esta ideia. A todos os professores que já tive por me ajudarem a subir aos ombros de gigantes, e em especial à Filipa Raimundo por ter sido sempre uma força positiva e de motivação durante todo este processo. Aos meus pais, por serem os melhores educadores que alguma vez conheci e por me terem incutido uma vontade eterna de aprender. À Inês, à Martinha, ao Tomás e ao Francisco por não me deixarem crescer e por partilharem comigo a sua curiosidade e fascínio pelo mundo. I Resumo: Esta dissertação examina a questão da não violência na implementação da reforma agrária em Portugal (1974-6). Através da análise de dados de arquivo e de entrevistas a dissertação explica que, apesar da crise de estado e das ações violentas que decorriam, durante a transição democrática, nos centros urbanos do país, que as ocupações de terra, tanto legais como ilegais, não levam a ação violenta no meio rural. Usando o método de triangulação demonstra-se que a articulação de um conjunto de fatores contribuí para o desenrolar de um processo pacífico. É a ausência de forças conservadores assim como a ausência de uma organização de classe juntamente com o radicalismo das forças de esquerda e a sua articulação simbiótica com as forças governamentais que faz com que, ao contrário do esperado, nenhum dos atores recorra a ações violentas.
    [Show full text]
  • Helicopter Aeromedical Transport of Critically Patients: Recent Past and Present History
    Disponível em: http://dx.doi.org/10.12707/RIII13151 HISTORY AND MEMORY Helicopter Aeromedical Transport of Critically Patients: recent past and present history A Pessoa em Situação Crítica Helitransportada: história do passado recente e panorama atual El Paciente Crítico Transportado en Helicóptero: historia del pasado reciente y panorama actual Paula Soares Encarnação*; Maria Manuela Melo**; Maria Isabel Lage*** Abstract Background: Emergency Medicine has its modern roots in the First World War. In Portugal, the first medical emergency system dates back to 1965. The Helicopter Emergency Medical Service of the National Institute of Medical Emergency (INEM) started operating in 1997. Objective: To inform about the history and current situation of the helicopter aeromedical transport of critically ill patients through the two major institutions in Portugal: the INEM and the Portuguese Air Force (FAP). Methodology: A qualitative historical study was conducted through documental analysis of the primary sources provided by the Portuguese Air Force and the National Institute of Medical Emergency, as well as the secondary sources. Results: The results suggest that the creation of a model for sharing air assets between various institutions leads to a more effective and efficient transport of critically ill patients. Conclusion: Further studies should be conducted to reveal the historical role played by the teams of physicians, nurses, commanders and pilots in Portugal. Keywords: history of nursing; aeromedical transport; helicopter; critically ill patient. Resumo Resumen Contexto: A Medicina de Emergência moderna tem as suas raízes na Marco contextual: La medicina de emergencia moderna tiene Primeira Guerra Mundial. Em Portugal o primeiro sistema de emergência sus raíces en la Primera Guerra Mundial.
    [Show full text]
  • Annotated Bibliography of Odonatological Literature from Continental Portugal, Madeira, and the Azores (Odonata)
    15. August 2005 Annotated bibliography of odonatological literature from continental Portugal, Madeira, and the Azores (Odonata) Sónia Ferreira1 and Florian Weihrauch2 1 CIBIO/UP - Centro de Investigação em Biodiversidade e Recursos Genéticos, Universidade do Porto, Campus Agrário de Vairão, P-4485-661 Vairão, <[email protected]> 2 Jägerstraße 21A, D-85283 Wolnzach, <[email protected]> Abstract An annotated bibliography of odonatological literature from Portugal is presented, compri- sing 144 references from the years 1797 to 2005. Resumo Neste trabalho é apresentada para Portugal uma lista bibliográfica odonatológica, consti- tuída por 144 referências, com datas compreendidas entre 1797 e 2005. Zusammenfassung Es wird eine kommentierte Auflistung des Schrifttums zu den Libellen Portugals vorgelegt, die 144 Arbeiten aus den Jahren 1797 bis 2005 umfasst. Introduction Portugal is one of the most poorly investigated countries in western and cen- tral Europe regarding Odonata. This is a most astonishing fact as Portugal constitutes a ”hot spot“ between western palaearctic and palaeotropic faunas, making it – from a faunistic point of view – one of the most interesting Euro- pean regions. Influxes of afrotropical species that today are regarded as regular part of the European fauna, as Diplacodes lefebvrii or Brachythemis leucosticta, have been recorded in Portugal for the very first time on the continent (ANON. 1910, MOURA 1960). Other potential palaeotropic candidates to become future members on the checklist of European Odonata – e.g., Platycnemis subdilatata or Trithemis kirbyi ardens – will probably establish their first bridgeheads within Europe in Portugal or neighbouring Andalusia, if ever. On the other hand, it Libellula 24 (1/2) 2005: 109-128 110 Sónia Ferreira & Florian Weihrauch is currently still unclear whether the westernmost distribution ranges of some palaearctic species extend to Portugal or not – examples are Ischnura elegans, Gomphus vulgatissimus or Sympetrum vulgatum ibericum.
    [Show full text]
  • Long-Term Molecular Surveillance Provides Clues on a Cattle Origin For
    www.nature.com/scientificreports OPEN Long‑term molecular surveillance provides clues on a cattle origin for Mycobacterium bovis in Portugal Ana C. Reis1,2, Rogério Tenreiro2, Teresa Albuquerque3, Ana Botelho3 & Mónica V. Cunha1,2* Animal tuberculosis (TB), caused by Mycobacterium bovis, is maintained in Portugal in a multi‑host system, with cattle, red deer and wild boar, playing a central role. However, the ecological processes driving transmission are not understood. The main aim of this study was thus to contribute to the reconstruction of the spatiotemporal history of animal TB and to refne knowledge on M. bovis population structure in order to inform novel intervention strategies. A collection of 948 M. bovis isolates obtained during long‑term surveillance (2002–2016, 15 years) of cattle (n = 384), red deer (n = 303) and wild boar (n = 261), from the main TB hotspot areas, was characterized by spoligotyping and 8 to 12‑loci MIRU‑VNTR. Spoligotyping identifed 64 profles and MIRU‑VNTR distinguished 2 to 36 subtypes within each spoligotype, enabling diferentiation of mixed or clonal populations. Common genotypic profles within and among livestock and wildlife in the same spatiotemporal context highlighted epidemiological links across hosts and regions, as for example the SB0119‑M205 genotype shared by cattle in Beja district or SB0121‑M34 shared by the three hosts in Castelo Branco and Beja districts. These genomic data, together with metadata, were integrated in a Bayesian inference framework, identifying fve ancestral M. bovis populations. The phylogeographic segregation of M. bovis in specifc areas of Portugal where the disease persists locally is postulated. Concurrently, robust statistics indicates an association of the most probable ancient population with cattle and Beja, providing a clue on the origin of animal TB epidemics.
    [Show full text]
  • Heritage Sites of Astronomy and Archaeoastronomy in the Context of the UNESCO World Heritage Convention
    Heritage Sites of Astronomy and Archaeoastronomy in the context of the UNESCO World Heritage Convention Thematic Study, vol. 2 Clive Ruggles and Michel Cotte with contributions by Margaret Austin, Juan Belmonte, Nicolas Bourgeois, Amanda Chadburn, Danielle Fauque, Iván Ghezzi, Ian Glass, John Hearnshaw, Alison Loveridge, Cipriano Marín, Mikhail Marov, Harriet Nash, Malcolm Smith, Luís Tirapicos, Richard Wainscoat and Günther Wuchterl Edited by Clive Ruggles Published by Ocarina Books Ltd 27 Central Avenue, Bognor Regis, West Sussex, PO21 5HT, United Kingdom and International Council on Monuments and Sites Office: International Secretariat of ICOMOS, 49–51 rue de la Fédération, F–75015 Paris, France in conjunction with the International Astronomical Union IAU–UAI Secretariat, 98-bis Blvd Arago, F–75014 Paris, France Supported by Instituto de Investigaciones Arqueológicas (www.idarq.org), Peru MCC–Heritage, France Royal Astronomical Society, United Kingdom ISBN 978–0–9540867–6–3 (e-book) ISBN 978–2–918086–19–2 (e-book) © ICOMOS and the individual authors, 2017 All rights reserved A preliminary version of this publication was presented at a side-event during the 39th session of the UNESCO World Heritage Committee (39COM) in Bonn, Germany, in July 2015 Front cover photographs: Star-timing device at Al Fath, Oman. © Harriet Nash Pic du Midi Observatory, France. © Claude Etchelecou Chankillo, Peru. © Iván Ghezzi Starlight over the church of the Good Shepherd, Tekapo, New Zealand. © Fraser Gunn Table of contents Preface ......................................................................................................................................
    [Show full text]
  • GUADIANA BASIN WaterQualityAndTheDevelopment OfTheAlquevaRegion
    GUADIANA BASIN Water quality and the development of the Alqueva region Report of the NeWater project - New Approaches to Adaptive Water Management under Uncertainty www.newater.info Title Purpose Inventory and analysis of the pollution sources in the Guadiana basin as a tool for the future development of the Alqueva region. Filename Guadiana Basin water quality Authors Marco Estrela, Eduardo Silva Document history Current version. Final Changes to previous version. Date 19 January 2009 Status Final Target readership General readership Correct reference Marco Estrela, editor Instituto de Soldadura e Qualidade January 2009 Prepared under contract from the European Commission Contract no 511179 (GOCE) Integrated Project in PRIORITY 6.3 Global Change and Ecosystems in the 6th EU framework programme Deliverable title: Report on Water quality and the development of the Alqueva region Actual submission date: 10.01.2009 Start of the project: 01.01.2005 Duration: 4 years i Table of contents 1 Guadiana basin ..........................................................................................................................1 1.1 Water quality under the scope of international basins .....................................1 2 Water quality issues ................................................................................................................3 3 Inventory of Pollution Sources ............................................................................................9 3.1 Point Sources .....................................................................................................................9
    [Show full text]
  • Portuguese SKA White Book
    Portuguese SKA White Book Title Portuguese SKA White Book Cover Image credit: Square Kilometre Array Organisation Editorial Board Domingos Barbosa (Instituto de Telecomunicações) Sonia Antón (Universidade of Aveiro, Instituto de Telecomunicações) João Paulo Barraca (Instituto de Telecomunicações, Universidade of Aveiro) Miguel Bergano (Instituto de Telecomunicações) Alexandre Correia (Universidade de Coimbra) Dalmiro Maia (Faculdade de Ciências da Universidade do Porto) Valério Ribeiro (Instituto de Telecomunicações, Universidade de Aveiro) Publisher UA Editora – Universidade de Aveiro ISBN 978-972-789-637-0 Agradecemos o apoio financeiro da Infraestrutura de Investigação E-Ciência Sustentável com o Square Kilometre Array (ENGAGE SKA), referência POCI-01-0145-FEDER-022217, financiada pelo Programa Operacional Competitividade e Internacionalização (COMPETE 2020) e pela Fundação para a Ciência e Tecnologia (FCT), Portugal, o apoio do Instituto de Telecomunicações, da Faculdade de Ciências da Universidade do Porto, da Universidade de Aveiro, da Universidade de Coimbra e do TICE.PT. Este trabalho foi tambem apoiado pela FCT e MCTES através de fundos nacionais e quando aplicável cofinanciado pelo FEDER, no âmbito do Acordo de Parceria PT2020 no âmbito do projeto UID/EEA/50008/2019 e projectos UIDB/50008/2020-UIDP/50008/2020. We acknowledge financial support from Enabling Green E-science for the Square Kilometre Array Research Infrastructure (ENGAGE SKA), grant POCI-01-0145-FEDER-022217, funded by Programa Operacional Competitividade e Internacionalização (COMPETE 2020) and FCT, Portugal, and support from Instituto de Telecomunicações, Faculty of Sciences of University of Porto, University of Coimbra, University of Aveiro and TICE.PT. This work was also funded by the Portuguese Science Foundation (FCT) and Ministério da Ciência, Tecnologia e Ensino Superior (MCTES) through national funds and when applicable co-funded EU funds under the project UIDB/50008/2020-UIDP/50008/2020 and UID/EEA/50008/2019.
    [Show full text]
  • The Healthy Cities Perspective in the Manifestos for the September 2013 Local Elections
    Public ScienceS & PolicieS | ciênciaS e PolíticaS PúblicaS | Vol. V, n.º 2, 2019, 13-31 The healthy cities perspective in the manifestos for the September 2013 local elections A perspetiva das cidades saudáveis nos programas eleitorais das eleições autárquicas de setembro de 2013 (PT: 33-54) Bruno Noronha Gomes * Instituto Superior de Ciências Sociais e Políticas, Universidade de Lisboa, Portugal DOI: 10.33167/2184-0644.CPP2019.VVN2/pp.13-31 Abstract This study sets out to conduct a qualitative analysis of 49 manifestos for the September 2013 local elections, using the conceptual framework of the World Health Organization’s Healthy Cities initiative as the benchmark for this assessment. The methodology consisted of extensive gathering of manifestos for local authority elections, obtaining a total of 203 out of a potential number of 1047. Of these 203, a qualitative analysis was conducted of 49, applying an analytical table that we developed for this purpose. The results show that, in terms of policy proposals in line with the healthy cities philosophy, the political parties present an alignment between their proposals and the feasibility afforded by the law. In terms of policy priorities, the focus was on economic issues (employment, poverty), quality of municipal infrastructure and youth policies. Keywords: healthy cities, elections, local authorities, social determinants of health * E-mail: [email protected] 13 Public ScienceS & PolicieS | ciênciaS e PolíticaS PúblicaS The healthy cities perspective in the manifestos for the September 2013 local elections B. N. Gomes 1. Introduction The object of our study are local authority policies based on the modelling of the social determinants of health as a way of improving the quality of life in the mu- nicipality, in particular the level of importance assigned to them in manifestos for local elections.
    [Show full text]
  • Dossiers Económica
    Conjuntura dossiers Económica Portugal: 2016 in Review Economic Outlook Conjuntura Económica Portugal: 2016 in Review Prepared by PE Probe | Preparado por PE Probe Copyright © 2015 Portugal Economy Probe PE Probe Portugal Economy Probe (PE Probe) All rights reserved Conjuntura Económica Portugal: 2016 in Review Index / Índice I. 2017 Forecasts…………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………... 3 II. Main figures of 2016…………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………. 6 III. Financial System ………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………….…... 9 IV. Business Climate …………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………............. 11 V. Key Political Developments …………………………………………………………………………………………………………………...... 13 VI. Portuguese people with international recognition ………………………………………..……………………………………….. 15 VII. Head of State and Head of Government official visits…………………………………………………………………………..… 19 23 VIII. Main Economic Data …………………………………………………………………………………………………………………….......... IV. More About Portugal ……………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………… 24 © Portugal Economy Probe (PE Probe) 2 Conjuntura Económica Portugal: 2016 in Review I. 2017 Forecasts Economic growth is expected to increase in 2017 The Government will continue applying its policy to recover the incomes of Portuguese households The main national and international institutions foresee an acceleration of economic growth, with particular emphasis on the positive evolution of investment. Public accounts are also expected to continue to improve, as will the unemployment rate.
    [Show full text]
  • Evaluating Dominant Land Use/Land Cover Changes and Predicting Future Scenario in a Rural Region Using a Memoryless Stochastic Method
    sustainability Article Evaluating Dominant Land Use/Land Cover Changes and Predicting Future Scenario in a Rural Region Using a Memoryless Stochastic Method Cláudia M. Viana * and Jorge Rocha Centre for Geographical Studies, Institute of Geography and Spatial Planning, Universidade de Lisboa, Rua Branca Edmée Marques, 1600-276 Lisboa, Portugal; [email protected] * Correspondence: [email protected] Received: 30 April 2020; Accepted: 22 May 2020; Published: 25 May 2020 Abstract: The present study used the official Portuguese land use/land cover (LULC) maps (Carta de Uso e Ocupação do Solo, COS) from 1995, 2007, 2010, 2015, and 2018 to quantify, visualize, and predict the spatiotemporal LULC transitions in the Beja district, a rural region in the southeast of Portugal, which is experiencing marked landscape changes. Here, we computed the conventional transition matrices for in-depth statistical analysis of the LULC changes that have occurred from 1995 to 2018, providing supplementary statistics regarding the vulnerability of inter-class transitions by focusing on the dominant signals of change. We also investigated how the LULC is going to move in the future (2040) based on matrices of current states using the Discrete-Time Markov Chain (DTMC) model. The results revealed that, between 1995 and 2018, about 28% of the Beja district landscape changed. Particularly, croplands remain the predominant LULC class in more than half of the Beja district (in 2018 about 64%). However, the behavior of the inter-class transitions was significantly different between periods, and explicitly revealed that arable land, pastures, and forest were the most dynamic LULC classes. Few dominant (systematic) signals of change during the 1995–2018 period were observed, highlighting the transition of arable land to permanent crops (5%) and to pastures (2.9%), and the transition of pastures to forest (3.5%) and to arable land (2.7%).
    [Show full text]