DOCSLIB.ORG

International Child Abduction and the Escape from Domestic Violence Merle H

Total Page：16

File Type：pdf, Size：1020Kb

Download full-text PDF Read full-text
International Child Abduction and the Escape from Domestic Violence Merle H Fordham Law Review Volume 69 | Issue 2 Article 6 2000 International Child Abduction and the Escape from Domestic Violence Merle H. Weiner Recommended Citation Merle H. Weiner, International Child Abduction and the Escape from Domestic Violence, 69 Fordham L. Rev. 593 (2000). Available at: http://ir.lawnet.fordham.edu/flr/vol69/iss2/6 This Article is brought to you for free and open access by FLASH: The orF dham Law Archive of Scholarship and History. It has been accepted for inclusion in Fordham Law Review by an authorized administrator of FLASH: The orF dham Law Archive of Scholarship and History. For more information, please contact [email protected]. INTERNATIONAL CHILD ABDUCTION AND THE ESCAPE FROM DOMESTIC VIOLENCE Merle H. Weiner The violence went on for nine months .... By the end, the beatings were happening weekly, sometimes three times a week .... It always went on in front on the kids .... It was so serious, and so violent, and so horrible for the kids .... My daughter still asks, 'Why'd papa try to break your arms and legs?'... I left France when I realized after nine months that there was nothing I could do there to do to stop the violence.' INTRODUCTION Within the last decade, the American public and its politicians have come to acknowledge the horrors of domestic violence, and, in particular, the impact that it can have on children. Every state now makes civil protection orders available to victims,2 treats domestic abuse as a crime,' and considers domestic violence relevant to the "Merle H. Weiner, Associate Professor of Law, University of Oregon School of Law. J.D., Harvard Law School, 1990; LL.M., Cambridge University, 1988: B.A. Dartmouth College, 1985. Thanks to Professors William Duncan, Leslie Harris, Eugene Scoles and Linda Silberman for their helpful comments. A special thanks to my Iowa research assistants (Jeannine Harms, Tamara Hoffstatter, and Cleveland Tyson) and to my Oregon research assistants (Sharon Griffin, Susan Kang, Devorah Signor, and Ross Williamson). This project was completed with the generous support of the University of Oregon's Office of Research and Faculty Development. 1. Telephone Interview with Debra Mosesman Prevot, Respondent in Prevot v. Prevot, 855 F. Supp. 915 (W.D. Tenn. 1994), revid, 59 F.3d 556 (6th Cir. 1995) (June 26, 1997) [hereinafter Prevot Telephone Interview]. 2. See Catherine F. Klein & Leslye E. Orloff, Providing Legal Protection for Battered Women: An Analysis of State Statutes and Case Law, 21 Hofstra L Rev. 801, 843 n.204 (1993) (citing states' statutes). 3. Some states have criminal provisions specifically directed to domestic violence perpetrators. See, eg., Alaska Stat. § 11.41.220 (Michie 1998): Ark. Code Ann. §§ 5- 26-303 to 309 (Michie 1997); Cal. Penal Code § 243(c)(1) (West 1992); Idaho Code § 18-918 (Michie 1997); 720 Ill. Comp. Stat. 5/12-3.2 (1993): Iowa Code § 708.2A (1993); Mich. Comp. Laws § 750.81 (Supp. 2000); Minn. Stat. § 609.2242 (Supp. 2000): Mont. Code Ann. §§ 46-6-601 to 603 (1999); N.M. Stat. Ann. §§ 30-3-12-16 (Michie 1978); Ohio Rev. Code Ann. § 2919.25 (Anderson 1996); S.C. Code Ann. §§ 16-25-20 & 16- 25-65 (Law. Co-op. 1985 & Supp. 1999); Vt. Stat. Ann. tit. 13, §§ 1043-1044 (1974 & Supp. 1999); Va. Code Ann. § 18.2-57.2 (Michie 1996); W. Va. Code § 61-2-28 (1997). Other states make clear in their criminal codes that law enforcement agencies should treat domestic abuse the same as crimes occurring between strangers. The legislatures from these states indicate that the regular criminal laws should be sufficient to deal with the problem of domestic violence and they do not enact statutes 594 FORDHAM LAW REVIEW [Vol. 69 adjudication of child custody.4 The federal government also has made tremendous strides in recognizing and addressing the problem of domestic violence. The United States is not the only country tackling the problem of domestic violence. Various solutions are being implemented around the world. In certain places, the legislative and judicial response has been pronounced.6 Reformers now are focusing attention on to make domestic assault its own crime. See, e.g., R.I. Gen. Laws § 12-29-1 (1994); Tenn. Code Ann. § 36-3-618 (1996); Wash. Rev. Code § 10.99.010 (1990). 4. Two-thirds of the states have laws requiring that evidence of domestic violence be considered in custody determinations. See Principles of the Law of Family Dissolution: Analysis & Recommendations, § 2.13, reporter's notes, cmt. c (Tentative Draft No. 3, Part 1, 1998) (citing cases therein). Other states reach the same result through case law. See Joan Zorza, Protectinga Battered Woman's Whereabouts From Disclosure, Domestic Violence Rpt., Oct./Nov. 1995, at 3 ("[e]very state now has case law allowing courts to consider domestic violence in their custody decisions"); see also Nancy K. D. Lemon, Custody and Visitation Trends in the United States in Domestic Violence Cases, in Children Exposed to Domestic Violence: Policy Development and International Issues 329 (2000) (discussing how domestic violence is treated in custody and visitation cases). 5. Beginning in the mid-eighties, Congress passed legislation to address the problem of domestic violence and to help ensure domestic violence victims' safety. See, e.g., the Family Violence Prevention and Services Act of 1984, 42 U.S.C. § 10401 (authorizing the expenditure of $65 million to help states provide shelter for victims of domestic violence and to coordinate research, training and clearinghouse activities); the Crime Victims Fund Act of 1984, 42 U.S.C. § 10601 (providing federal money for both crime victim compensation and state agency services for domestic abuse victims). Congressional efforts continued in the 1990s. See, e.g., Indian Child Protection and Family Violence Prevention Act, Pub. L. No. 101-630, 104 Stat. 4544 (1990); Battered Women's Testimony Act of 1992, Pub. L. No. 102-527, 106 Stat. 3459 (1992); Child Abuse, Domestic Violence, Adoption and Family Services Act of 1992, Pub. L. No. 102-295, §§ 306, 317, 319, 106 Stat. 187 (1992); International Parental Kidnapping Crime Act of 1993, Pub. L. No. 103-173, § 2, 107 Stat. 1998 (1993); Violence Against Women Act of 1994, Pub. L. No. 103-322, 108 Stat. 1902 (1994) [hereinafter VAWA]. After VAWA was enacted, Congress continued to pass new legislation addressing issues related to domestic violence. See, e.g., Pub. L. No. 101-112, 103 Stat. 685 (1989) (declaring October National Domestic Violence Awareness Month); Pub. L. No. 104- 191, 110 Stat. 1936 (1996) (preventing insurance discrimination based on domestic violence); Pub. L. No. 104-201, § 1069, 110 Stat. 2655 (1996) (creating the crime of interstate stalking); Pub. L. No. 104-208, 110 Stat. 3004 (1996) (providing vital public health services for victims of domestic abuse); Pub. L. No. 104-208, 110 Stat. 3009-371- 72 (1996) (making the possession of firearms criminal for those convicted of a misdemeanor crime of domestic violence); Pub. L. No. 105-244, § 821, 112 Stat. 1581 (1998) (providing funding for the prevention of violent crimes against women on campus); Pub. L. No. 105-276, § 514, 112 Stat. 2461 (1998) (stating Congress' preference that victims of domestic violence receive priority for public housing assistance). 6. See, e.g., Bureau of Democracy, Human Rights, and Labor, U.S. Dep't of State, 1999 Country Reports on Human Rights Practices, at Belgium, Colombia, Honduras, Hungary, Israel, Italy, Mexico, Panama, Spain, New Zealand, South Africa, Venezuela § 5 (Feb. 25, 2000) available at http://www.state.gov/www/globalhuman-rights/1999.hrp-report/99hrp-report-toc.ht ml [hereinafter 1999 Country Reports on Human Rights]. See generally Ed Schollenberg & Betsy Gibbons, Domestic Violence Protection Orders: A Comparative 2000] ESCAPE FROM DOMESTIC VIOLENCE 595 countries where legal protection is nonexistent, or where reform has been incomplete or slow.7 Consistent with this trend, judges, practitioners, and researchers around the world have recently realized that domestic violence sometimes exists in the lives of women who "abduct" their own children. In 1993, Geoffrey Greif and Rebecca Hegar published a study of 368 left-behind parents whose children were abducted by the other parent.8 The study revealed that mothers constituted the majority of abductors, contrary to previous assumptions. Their study also indicated that "the marriages of the parents tended to be characterized by domestic violence." 9 They found that, some abducting parents in our study were fleeing abuse of themselves or their children. Because our information came primarily from the left-behind parents, we expected to hear relatively few admissions of having been violent to a spouse or abusive toward a child. However, during telephone follow-up interviews, 30% of the left-behind parents did admit that they either had been accused of or had engaged in acts of family violence." Review, 10 Can. J. Fain. L. 191 (1992) (comparing civil protection order schemes in Australia, New Zealand, Great Britain and the United States). See also Judith Armatta, Getting Beyond the Law's Complicity in Intimate Violence Against Women, 33 Willamette L. Rev. 773, 807-08 (1997) (citing constitutional provisions addressing domestic violence, explicitly or implicitly, in Brazil, Colombia, Ethiopia, Vietnam and Uganda). Armatta provides a helpful survey of criminal and civil protections for abused women in numerous countries. Id. at 808-32. 7. See eg., Armatta, supra note 6, at 782-805 (reviewing "legal complicity" of many countries in domestic violence); Isabel Marcus, PreliminaryComments on Dark Numbers: Research on Domestic Violence in Central and Eastern Europe, 21 U. Ark. Little Rock L. Rev. 119, 125 (1998) (discussing the respondents' estimate of the incidence of violence for all women in Poland (30-40%), Hungary (25-30%), Russia (50-75%), and Romania (20-25%)); Julie Mertus, Human Rights of Wozmen in Central and Eastern Europe, 6 Am.
Load more

Recommended publications
  • Uniform Child Abduction Prevention Act
    D R A F T FOR DISCUSSION ONLY UNIFORM CHILD ABDUCTION PREVENTION ACT ___________________________________________________ NATIONAL CONFERENCE OF COMMISSIONERS ON UNIFORM LAWS ___________________________________________________ For November 2005 Drafting Committee Meeting WITH PREFATORY NOTE AND COMMENTS Copyright © 2005 By NATIONAL CONFERENCE OF COMMISSIONERS ON UNIFORM LAWS The ideas and conclusions set forth in this draft, including the proposed statutory language and any comments or reporter’s notes, have not been passed upon by the National Conference of Commissioners on Uniform State Laws or the Drafting Committee. They do not necessarily reflect the views of the Conference and its Commissioners and the Drafting Committee and its Members and Reporters. Proposed statutory language may not be used to ascertain the intent or meaning of any promulgated final statutory proposal. DRAFTING COMMITTEE ON UNIFORM CHILD ABDUCTION PREVENTION ACT LYLE W. HILLYARD, 175 E. 1st N., Logan, Utah 84321, Chair CYNTHIA BOSCO, California Department of Developmental Services, 1600 9th St. Rm 240 MS 2-14, Sacramento, CA 95814 VINCENT C. DELIBERATO, JR., Legislative Reference Bureau, Room 641, Main Capitol Building, Harrisburg, PA 17120-0033 W. MICHAEL DUNN, P.O. Box 3701, 1000 Elm St., Manchester, NH 03105 GORMAN HOUSTON, JR., 400 20th St. N., Birmingham, AL 35203, Enactment Plan Coordinator PETER K. MUNSON, 123 South Travis St., Sherman, TX 75090 MARIAN P. OPALA, Supreme Court, State Capitol, Room 238, Oklahoma City, OK 73105 CAM WARD, P.O. Box 1749, Alabaster, AL 35007 LINDA D. ELROD, Washburn University School of Law, 1700 SW College, Topeka, KS 66621, Reporter EX OFFICIO HOWARD J. SWIBEL, 120 S. Riverside Plaza, Suite 1200, Chicago, IL 60606, President TOM BOLT, 5600 Royal Dane Mall, St.
    [Show full text]
  • Parental Kidnapping How to Prevent an 'Abduction and S
    If you have issues viewing or accessing this file contact us at NCJRS.gov. -...... N(' , "j NATIONAL CENTER FOR III&4iINC; I~XI• .A)Ir"I~I) L....-l...----I CHILDREN Parental Kidnapping How to Prevent an 'Abduction and s. What to Do j If Your Child !i • II Is Abducted " :1 n ~ I ,! II'I f! II " \1 Ii i it 11 it IIIi I, : i I; ! \ ,~ \, ; ; I : I ' , j , ! i • , () I 1 $ : --~-, ..,...----- ," The National Center for Missing and Exploited Children "\ - provides training assistance to law-enforcement and child protection agencies to develop effective procedures to investigate and prosecute cases of missing and exploited children - assists individuals, groups, agencies, and state and local governments involved in inves­ tigating and prosecuting cases of criminally or sexually exploited children - provides information and advice on effective state legislation to assure the safety and protection of children - provides prevention and education programs for parents, schools, action groups, agencies, communities, volunteer organizations, law enforcement, and local, state, and federal institutions - distributes comprehensive instruction packages to aid communities in protecting children - organizes networks of information among school systems, school boards, parent-teacher organizations, and community organizations abollt proven techniques for implementing educational programs - conducts an outreach program to alert families, communities, the criminal justice system, and concerned organizations about the nature and extent of child victimization
    [Show full text]
  • Where Have All the Children Gone? an Empirical Study of Child Abandonment and Abduction in China
    NBER WORKING PAPER SERIES WHERE HAVE ALL THE CHILDREN GONE? AN EMPIRICAL STUDY OF CHILD ABANDONMENT AND ABDUCTION IN CHINA Xiaojia Bao Sebastian Galiani Kai Li Cheryl Long Working Paper 26492 http://www.nber.org/papers/w26492 NATIONAL BUREAU OF ECONOMIC RESEARCH 1050 Massachusetts Avenue Cambridge, MA 02138 November 2019, Revised April 2020 The views expressed herein are those of the authors and do not necessarily reflect the views of the National Bureau of Economic Research. At least one co-author has disclosed a financial relationship of potential relevance for this research. Further information is available online at http://www.nber.org/papers/w26492.ack NBER working papers are circulated for discussion and comment purposes. They have not been peer-reviewed or been subject to the review by the NBER Board of Directors that accompanies official NBER publications. © 2019 by Xiaojia Bao, Sebastian Galiani, Kai Li, and Cheryl Long. All rights reserved. Short sections of text, not to exceed two paragraphs, may be quoted without explicit permission provided that full credit, including © notice, is given to the source. Where Have All the Children Gone? An Empirical Study of Child Abandonment and Abduction in China Xiaojia Bao, Sebastian Galiani, Kai Li, and Cheryl Long NBER Working Paper No. 26492 November 2019, Revised April 2020 JEL No. J12 ABSTRACT In the past 40 years, a large number of children have been abandoned or abducted in China. We argue that the implementation of the one-child policy has significantly increased both child abandonment and child abduction and that, furthermore, the cultural preference for sons in China has shaped unique gender-based patterns whereby a majority of the children who are abandoned are girls and a majority of the children who are abducted are boys.
    [Show full text]
  • Freedom Or Theocracy?: Constitutionalism in Afghanistan and Iraq Hannibal Travis
    Northwestern Journal of International Human Rights Volume 3 | Issue 1 Article 4 Spring 2005 Freedom or Theocracy?: Constitutionalism in Afghanistan and Iraq Hannibal Travis Follow this and additional works at: http://scholarlycommons.law.northwestern.edu/njihr Recommended Citation Hannibal Travis, Freedom or Theocracy?: Constitutionalism in Afghanistan and Iraq, 3 Nw. J. Int'l Hum. Rts. 1 (2005). http://scholarlycommons.law.northwestern.edu/njihr/vol3/iss1/4 This Article is brought to you for free and open access by Northwestern University School of Law Scholarly Commons. It has been accepted for inclusion in Northwestern Journal of International Human Rights by an authorized administrator of Northwestern University School of Law Scholarly Commons. Copyright 2005 Northwestern University School of Law Volume 3 (Spring 2005) Northwestern University Journal of International Human Rights FREEDOM OR THEOCRACY?: CONSTITUTIONALISM IN AFGHANISTAN AND IRAQ By Hannibal Travis* “Afghans are victims of the games superpowers once played: their war was once our war, and collectively we bear responsibility.”1 “In the approved version of the [Afghan] constitution, Article 3 was amended to read, ‘In Afghanistan, no law can be contrary to the beliefs and provisions of the sacred religion of Islam.’ … This very significant clause basically gives the official and nonofficial religious leaders in Afghanistan sway over every action that they might deem contrary to their beliefs, which by extension and within the Afghan cultural context, could be regarded as
    [Show full text]
  • Child Trafficking Ka Hye Chin
    Seton Hall University eRepository @ Seton Hall Law School Student Scholarship Seton Hall Law 5-1-2014 Growing Problem in Rural Areas: Child Trafficking Ka Hye Chin Follow this and additional works at: https://scholarship.shu.edu/student_scholarship Recommended Citation Chin, Ka Hye, "Growing Problem in Rural Areas: Child Trafficking" (2014). Law School Student Scholarship. 420. https://scholarship.shu.edu/student_scholarship/420 Growing problem in rural areas: Child Trafficking Ka Hye Chin A nine month-year-old boy, Ruicong, was playing outside of his home with his sister.1 While he was playing, a white van slowly approached him with the door open, and a man leaned out and grabbed him.2 Yuan Xinquan, a 19 year-old father, was standing at a bus stop while holding his 52-day-old daughter.3 Then a white government van suddenly approached and asked him to show his marriage certification.4 When Mr. Yuan was unable to produce his certification because he was below the legal age for marriage, family planning officials subsequently snatched his daughter. 5 In the Southern part of Hunan Province, Duan Yuelin ran his family business, and his business made $ 3,000 a month, which indicates “unimaginable riches for uneducated Chinese rice farmers”.6 The main customers of his business were orphanages governed by government, and the merchandise he had sold was newborn babies.7 As illustrated above, these stories are not uncommon in China. China is a source, transit, and destination country for human trafficking of women and children who are the most vulnerable targets due to lack of inability to defend themselves.
    [Show full text]
  • Forced Marriage: Children and Young People's Policy
    Forced Marriage: Children and young people’s policy Date Approved: February 2019 Review date: February 2020 1 Important Note This protocol should be read in conjunction with the Pan Bedfordshire Forced Marriage and HBV Strategy -: Link trix please could a link be added here to the customers local resource area so they can add these here as they haven’t provided these documents. 2 Luton Forced Marriage: Children and young people’s protocol Contents ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS ....................................................................................................................................... 2 Contents 3-4 1. PURPOSE OF THE PROTOCOL ...................................................................................................................... 5 2. INTRODUCTION ............................................................................................................................................... 5 2.1 The Basis of the Protocol .............................................................................................................. 5 2.2. The Distinction between a Forced Marriage and an Arranged Marriage ...................................... 6 2.3 The “One Chance” Rule ................................................................................................................ 6 2.4 Forced Marriage and Child Abuse / Child Protection .................................................................... 6 2.5 Motivating Factors behind Forced Marriage.................................................................................
    [Show full text]
  • The Implications of the Hague International Child Abduction Convention: Cases and Practice12
    6.3 The Implications of the Hague International Child Abduction Convention: Cases And Practice12 By Catherine Klein, Leslye Orloff, Laura Martinez, Jennifer Rose and Joyce Noche For many victims of domestic violence, the threat of continued violence can force them to cross international borders to achieve safety and peace. Moreover, when domestic violence is present in the relationship and the abuser is not U.S. born, abusers’ threats to kidnap children and take them across international borders are a common practice. It is very important for battered women to understand the risks and to take threats of international kidnapping seriously. When a victim flees with children, the Hague Convention on the Civil Aspects of International Child Abduction (Hague Convention)3 can force a parent and her child to return to 1 “This Manual is supported by Grant No. 2005-WT-AX-K005 and 2011-TA-AX-K002 awarded by the Office on Violence Against Women, Office of Justice Programs, U.S. Department of Justice. The opinions, findings, conclusions, and recommendations expressed in this publication are those of the author(s) and do not necessarily reflect the views of the Department of Justice, Office on Violence Against Women.” We are grateful for the contributions of Bethany Sousa, Megan Reidy of Catholic University School of Law, Allyson Mangalonzo of the Boston College School of Law, and Joan Robinson of Brooklyn School of Law. For more information on this topic, visit http://niwaplibrary.wcl.american.edu/family-law-for- immigrants/international-issues. 2 In this Manual, the term “victim” has been chosen over the term “survivor” because it is the term used in the criminal justice system and in most civil settings that provide aid and assistance to those who suffer from domestic violence and sexual assault.
    [Show full text]
  • Family Abduction Prevention and Response
    in cooperation with the Family Abduction Prevention and Response FAMILY ABDUCTION: PREVENTION AND RESPONSE - Family Abduction Prevention and Response 2009 Sixth Edition Revised by Patricia M. Hoff, Esquire Copyright © 1985, 2002, and 2009 National Center for Missing & Exploited Children®. All rights reserved. Charles B. Wang International Children’s Building 699 Prince Street Alexandria, Virginia 22314-3175 U.S.A. 1-800-THE-LOST® (1-800-843-5678) This publication is designed to provide accurate and authoritative information in regard to the subject matter covered. The publisher is distributing this publication with the understanding that neither it nor the author is engaged in rendering legal advice or other professional services herein. If legal advice or other expert assistance is required, professional services should be sought. This project was supported by Grant No. 2007-MC-CX-K001 awarded by the Office of Juvenile Justice and Delinquency Prevention, Office of Justice Programs, U.S. Department of Justice. Points of view or opinions in this document are those of the author and do not necessarily represent the official position or policies of the U.S. Department of Justice, National Center for Missing & Exploited Children, or American Bar Association. National Center for Missing & Exploited Children®, 1-800-THE-LOST®, and CyberTipline® are registered service marks of the National Center for Missing & Exploited Children. FAMILY ABDUCTION: PREVENTION AND RESPONSE - - FAMILY ABDUCTION: PREVENTION AND RESPONSE Contents Acknowledgments…v A Message to the Reader…vii Glossary by Patricia M. Hoff…ix Family-Abduction Prevention and Action Checklist by Patricia M. Hoff…1 Preventing Abductions by Patricia M. Hoff…9 Chapter Overview…9 Get a Valid, Enforceable Custody Order…11 Prevention Provisions in the Custody Order…11 Preventing International Abductions and Wrongful Retentions…17 Practical Things Parents Can Do to Reduce the Risk of Abduction…20 Civil-Court Remedies If Your Child Is Abducted by Patricia M.
    [Show full text]
  • Missing and Abducted Children: a Law-Enforcement Guide to Case Investigation and Program Management
    Missing and Abducted Children: A Law-Enforcement Guide to Case Investigation and Program Management Missing and Abducted Children: A Law-Enforcement Guide to Case Investigation and Program Management Edited by Stephen E. Steidel Third Edition 2006 National Center for Missing & Exploited Children® Charles B. Wang International Children’s Building 699 Prince Street Alexandria, Virginia 22314-3175 1-800-THE-LOST® (1-800-843-5678) ORI VA007019W This project was supported by Grant No. 2007-MC-CX-K001 awarded by the Office of Juvenile Justice and Delinquency Prevention, Office of Justice Programs, U.S. Department of Justice. Points of view or opinions in this publication are those of the National Center for Missing & Exploited Children and do not necessarily represent the official position or policies of the U.S. Department of Justice. Copyright © 1994, 1997, 2000, and 2006 by the National Center for Missing & Exploited Children. All rights reserved. National Center for Missing & Exploited Children®, 1-800-THE-LOST®, CyberTipline®, LOCATERTM, NetSmartz®, and Picture Them Home® are registered trademarks/service marks of the National Center for Missing & Exploited Children. This publication is designed to provide accurate and authoritative information in regard to the subject matter covered. The publisher is distributing this publication with the understanding that neither it nor the authors are engaged in rendering legal or other professional services. If legal advice or other expert assistance is required, the services of a competent professional
    [Show full text]
  • Equality Now 1994-1995 Report Equality Now
    EQUALITY NOW 1994-1995 REPORT EQUALITY NOW Equality Now international force, capable outside the scope of the was founded in of rapid response to crisis mainstream human rights 1992 to work situations and committed to movement, such as domestic for the protec- voicing a worldwide call for violence, reproductive rights, tion and pro- justice and equality for trafficking of women, female motion of the human rights women. Equality Now genital mutilation, and equal of women around the world. addresses issues which have access to economic opportu- Working with national historically been considered nity and political participation. human rights groups and individual activists, Equality SOMMAIRE Now documents human Egalité Maintenant a été fondée en 1992 afin de travailler pour la protection et la pro- motion des droits individuels des femmes dans le monde entier. Travaillant avec des rights violations against groupes locaux de droits individuels et des militants individuels, Egalité Maintenant women and adds an inter- documente les violations de ces droits et ajoute un aspect international d’action pour soutenir les efforts locaux et nationaux au nom des droits des femmes et au nom des national action component— femmes individuelles qui subissent des violations de leurs droits humains. Egalité Maintenant aborde les questions qui ont généralement été considérées en dehors du to support their efforts to champ des droits humains internationaux, telles que la traîte des femmes, la violence advance women’s rights and familiale, les droits de reproduction, la mutilation féminine génitale et égalité d’accès économiques et participation politique. to defend individual women RESUMEN who are suffering abuse.
    [Show full text]
  • Family Abductors: Descriptive Profiles and Preventive Interventions
    U.S. Department of Justice Office of Justice Programs Office of Juvenile Justice and Delinquency Prevention John J. Wilson, Acting Administrator January 2001 Family Abductors: Descriptive Profiles and From the Administrator Parental abduction encompasses a broad array of illegal behaviors that Preventive Interventions involve one parent taking, detaining, concealing, or enticing away his or her child from the parent having Janet R. Johnston and Linda K. Girdner custodial access. When the abduct- ing parent intends to permanently Background defined as the broad range of situations alter custodial access by hiding the that involve one parent’s taking, detain- child or removing the child to another Family abduction of children has become ing, concealing, or enticing away his or State or country, the effects on the a serious concern in the United States. her child from the parent who has cus- family and the obstacles to the child’s Coincident with the rapid rise in divorce tody or visitation rights. This Bulletin de- recovery are compounded. and the increase in children born to un- scribes preventive interventions— Drawing on research conducted in married parents, approximately 60 percent counseling, conflict resolution, and legal the San Francisco Bay area, this of all children spend time in a single-parent strategies—that seek to settle custody Bulletin describes the common home (Glick, 1988; Hernandez, 1988). A and access disputes for families identified characteristics of abducting parents national incidence study (Finkelhor, as at risk for parental abduction. Hotaling, and Sedlak, 1991) revealed that and profiles parents at risk for in an unprecedented number of these abducting their children.
    [Show full text]
  • Implementation of the Helsinki Accords Hearing
    IMPLEMENTATION OF THE HELSINKI ACCORDS HEARING BEFORE THE COMMISSION ON SECURITY AND COOPERATION IN EUROPE NINETY-NINTH CONGRESS FIRST SESSION SOVIET VIOLATIONS OF THE HELSINKI ACCORDS IN AFGHANISTAN DECEMBER 4, 1985 Printed for the use of the Committee on Security and Cooperation in Europe U.S. GOVERNMENT PRINTING OFFICE 58-9210 WASHINGTON: 1986 IN EUROPE COMMISSION ON SECURITY AND COOPERATION ALFONSE M. D'AMATO, New York, Chairman STENY H. HOYER, Maryland, Cochairman Florida HEINZ, Pennsylvania DANTE B. FASCELL, JOHN YATES, Illinois JAMES A. McCLURE, Idaho SIDNEY R. WALLOP, Wyoming TIMOTHY E. WIRTH, Colorado MALCOLM J. MARKEY, Massachusetts GORDON J. HUMPHREY, New Hampshire EDWARD Rhode Island DON RITTER, Pennsylvania CLAIBORNE PELL, New Jersey LEAHY, Vermont CHRISTOPHER H. SMITH, PATRICK J. York B. LONG, Louisiana JACK F. KEMP, New RUSSELL PORTER, Illinois DENNIS DECONCINI, Arizona JOHN EDWARD EXECUTIVE BRANCH Hon. RICHARD NORMAN PERLE, Department of Defense VACANCY, Department of Commerce VACANCY, Department of State MICHAEL R. HATHAWAY, Staff Director MARY SUE HAFNER, General Counsel (II) CONTENTS DECEMBER 4,.1985 WITNESSES Panel No. 1: Page Movchan, Mykola, former Soviet army sergeant (accompanied by Peter Fedynsky, interpreter)..............................................................................Mr. Hamed, member 21 of the National Islamic Front of Afghanistan ..................... 24 Tor, member of the National Islamic Front of Afghanistan Panel No. 2: ............................ 25 Goodwin, Ms. Jan, executive editor
    [Show full text]