DOCSLIB.ORG

Crop Protection Compendium

Total Page：16

File Type：pdf, Size：1020Kb

Download full-text PDF Read full-text
Crop Protection Compendium Crop Protection Compendium Datasheet report for Aleurodicus destructor (coconut whitefly) Top of page Pictures Picture Title Caption Copyright Top of page Identity Preferred Scientific Name Aleurodicus destructor Mackie, 1912 Preferred Common Name coconut whitefly Other Scientific Names Aleurodes albofloccosa Froggatt, 1918 Aleyrodicus destructor Mackie, 1912 International Common Names Spanish: mosca blanca del cocotero French: aleurode du cocotier EPPO code ALEDDE (Aleurodicus destructor) Top of page Taxonomic Tree Domain: Eukaryota Kingdom: Metazoa Phylum: Arthropoda Subphylum: Uniramia Class: Insecta Order: Hemiptera Suborder: Sternorrhyncha Unknown: Aleyrodoidea Family: Aleyrodidae Genus: Aleurodicus Species: Aleurodicus destructor / Top of page Notes on Taxonomy and Nomenclature A. destructor is regarded as a typical representative of the genus Aleurodicus, which is the type genus of the subfamily Aleurodicinae. The subfamily is defined by characters occurring in the adults (relatively rich forewing venation, based on a bifurcated vein R, plus the veins M and Cu; legs with paronychium in shape of a large spine; ventral abdominal wax-producing areas usually arranged in three and four pairs, respectively in males and females) and the pupal cases (large wax-producing compound pores occurring on the subdorsum; lingula large, tongue-shaped, extending beyond the posterior margin of a vasiform orifice). It is considered that the few species of the genus Aleurodicus (including A. destructor) described from southern Asia and the western Pacific are probably not congeneric with the Neotropical representatives of the same genus (Martin, 1996). Top of page Description Egg Eggs are about 0.31 mm long, elongate in shape, and yellow to brownish, dusted with powdered wax. The stalk is short, bearing the egg in a prostrate position on the leaf. Fourth-instar nymph (pupal case) The pupal case is yellowish to brownish, subelliptical to ovate in shape, sometimes with a narrowed cephalad, 1.3-1.5 mm long and 0.8-1.0 mm wide, covered by a copious secretion of white wax. On infested leaves, specimens of A. destructor may be completely hidden by wax. The wax rods, emerging from compound pores, are unusually long, attaining in more perfect specimens a length of 12-15 mm; they are generally broken and intermingled with bands or plates of wax from the marginal tubes. The subdorsum has wax-producing compound pores; one cephalic (smaller than the other ones) and six abdominal pairs, the latter ones are similar in size (up to 90 µm in diameter). Only scattered tiny pores, without a submarginal zone of wide-rimmed pores punctuate the remainder of the dorsal surface. A vasiform orifice is subcordate, about as wide as it is long. The operculum is subrectangular, about twice as wide as it is long. The lingula is large, tongue-shaped, and extends beyond the posterior margin of the vasiform orifice and bears four setae, of which two are much reduced. This is the stage used for identification purposes. Adults The vertex is rounded. The antennae have seven segments, of which the third is the longest. Forewings have veins R1, Rs and M present, sometimes with an indication of the Cu. Legs have the paronychium represented by a large spine. Male claspers are long and narrow; the penis is recurved and short. Top of page Distribution The subfamily Aleurodicinae is mostly Neotropical in distribution. However, A. destructor remains largely restricted to its native Austro-Oriental-Pacific zoogeographical region. / Top of page Distribution Table The distribution in this summary table is based on all the information available. When several references are cited, they may give conflicting information on the status. Further details may be available for individual references in the Distribution Table Details section which can be selected by going to Generate Report. Continent/Country/Region Distribution Last Origin First Invasive Reference Notes Reported Reported Asia Brunei Darussalam Present Mound and Halsey, (/cpc/datasheet/108378) 1978; Martin, 1985; EPPO, 2014 Cambodia Absent, EPPO, 2014 (/cpc/datasheet/108472) invalid record Indonesia Present EPPO, 2014 (/cpc/datasheet/108455) -Irian Jaya Present EPPO, 2014 (/cpc/datasheet/108713) -Java (/cpc/datasheet/108714) Present EPPO, 2014 -Sulawesi Present Mound and Halsey, (/cpc/datasheet/108718) 1978; Martin, 1985; Martin, 1988; EPPO, 2014 Laos (/cpc/datasheet/108481) Absent, EPPO, 2014 invalid record Malaysia Widespread EPPO, 2014 (/cpc/datasheet/108514) -Peninsular Malaysia Present EPPO, 2014 (/cpc/datasheet/108765) -Sarawak Present Mound and Halsey, (/cpc/datasheet/108767) 1978; Martin, 1985; EPPO, 2014 Philippines Present Mound and Halsey, (/cpc/datasheet/108535) 1978; Martin, 1985; EPPO, 2014 Singapore Widespread APPPC, 1987; (/cpc/datasheet/108557) Waterhouse, 1993; AVA, 2001 Thailand Present APPPC, 1987; (/cpc/datasheet/108580) Waterhouse, 1993 Vietnam Present Waterhouse, 1993; (/cpc/datasheet/108604) EPPO, 2014 Central America and Caribbean Saint Vincent and the Present EPPO, 2014 Grenadines (/cpc/datasheet/108600) South America Brazil (/cpc/datasheet/108381) Present EPPO, 2014 / Continent/Country/Region Distribution Last Origin First Invasive Reference Notes Reported Reported Oceania Australia Restricted EPPO, 2014 (/cpc/datasheet/108362) distribution -Australian Northern Territory Present NHM, 1996 (/cpc/datasheet/108619) -New South Wales Present Mound and Halsey, (/cpc/datasheet/108620) 1978; Martin, 1985; EPPO, 2014 -Queensland Present Mound and Halsey, (/cpc/datasheet/108621) 1978; EPPO, 2014 -Victoria Present Mound and Halsey, (/cpc/datasheet/108624) 1978 -Western Australia Present NHM, 1907 (/cpc/datasheet/108625) New Caledonia Present EPPO, 2014 (/cpc/datasheet/108517) Papua New Guinea Present Mound and Halsey, (/cpc/datasheet/108534) 1978; Martin, 1985; EPPO, 2014 Solomon Islands Present Mound and Halsey, (/cpc/datasheet/108553) 1978; Martin, 1985; EPPO, 2014 Vanuatu Present EPPO, 2014 (/cpc/datasheet/108605) Top of page Risk of Introduction A. destructor is usually considered as a quarantine pest and its spread over the tropics should be limited. Quarantine authorities in Europe (for example, UK) have occasionally intercepted it, but it has not become established. Top of page Hosts/Species Affected The host range of A. destructor is less wide than that of A. cocois or A. dispersus. A. destructor is most likely to be encountered on palms. Top of page Host Plants and Other Plants Affected Plant name Family Context Acacia (wattles) (/cpc/datasheet/1994) Fabaceae Wild host Annona squamosa (sugar apple) (/cpc/datasheet/5820) Annonaceae Other Banksia (/cpc/datasheet/8403) Proteaceae Wild host Cinnamomum (/cpc/datasheet/13508) Lauraceae Other Cocos nucifera (coconut) (/cpc/datasheet/11788) Arecaceae Main Ficus microcarpa (Indian laurel tree) (/cpc/datasheet/24130) Moraceae Wild host Phyllanthus acidus (star gooseberry) (/cpc/datasheet/46048) Euphorbiaceae Main Piper nigrum (black pepper) (/cpc/datasheet/41374) Piperaceae Other / Top of page Growth Stages Flowering stage, Fruiting stage, Post-harvest, Vegetative growing stage Top of page Symptoms A. destructor almost exclusively colonizes the leaves of host plants, on which the adults oviposit and the young larvae settle after having inserted their mouth stylets. On infested leaves, the occurrence of A. destructor is evidenced by the dense tangle of white wax filaments that are abundantly secreted by the nymphs (through dorsal compound pores). Moreover, spots of sticky and transparent honeydew appear in the leaf areas where individuals of A. destructor occur, and they soon become covered in black sooty mould. In case of heavy infestations, honeydew may come to cover the whole aerial part of the plant (leaves, stems and fruits) and this may lead to the plants acquiring an almost completely black appearance. Top of page List of Symptoms/Signs Sign Life Stages Type Fruit / honeydew or sooty mould Inflorescence / honeydew or sooty mould Leaves / honeydew or sooty mould Stems / honeydew or sooty mould Top of page Biology and Ecology A. destructor is usually a polyvoltine species, having continuous cycles throughout the year, at least where conditions are optimal and host plants are available. Top of page Notes on Natural Enemies The natural enemies of A. destructor are poorly known. Neuroptera (Chrysopa sp.), Coccinellidae (Scymnus sp.) and Syrphidae (Bacca sp.) are predators of A. destructor (Costa Lima, 1968). The chalcid wasp, Coccophagus sp. is a parasitoid of A. destructor (Sorauer, 1956). / Top of page Natural enemies Natural enemy Type Life Specificity References Biological Biological stages control in control on Baccha (/cpc/datasheet/8173) Predator Chrysopa Predator (/cpc/datasheet/16448) Coccophagus Parasite (/cpc/datasheet/14716) Scymnus (/cpc/datasheet/49353) Predator Top of page Impact A. destructor is an occasional pest in tropical Australia. Top of page Diagnosis A preparation of pupal cases in a slide mount (according to the procedures of Martin (1987)) may be used to confirm diagnosis. Martin and Watson (1998) provide a key to species of Aleurodicus on coconut in the Caribbean. Top of page Detection and Inspection The leaves, and especially their undersides, must be inspected for the characteristic waxy masses that indicate the occurrence of a nymphal colony. Sooty mould and honeydew coat surfaces below the colony. Top of page Similarities to Other Species/Conditions Several species of the genus Aleurodicus are crop pests. In addition to A. destructor,
Load more

Recommended publications
  • Dwarf-Cashew Resistance to Whitefly (Aleurodicus Cocois) Linked To
    Research Article Received: 12 February 2019 Revised: 14 June 2019 Accepted article published: 25 June 2019 Published online in Wiley Online Library: 27 July 2019 (wileyonlinelibrary.com) DOI 10.1002/ps.5531 Dwarf-cashew resistance to whitefly (Aleurodicus cocois) linked to morphological and histochemical characteristics of leaves Elaine SS Goiana,a Nivia S Dias-Pini,a* Celli R Muniz,a Arlete A Soares,b James C Alves,b Francisco C Vidal-Netoa and Cherre S Bezerra Da Silvac Abstract BACKGROUND: The cashew whitefly (CW), Aleurodicus cocois, is an important pest of cashew in Brazil. The use of resistant plants may be an effective strategy for the control of this pest. In a preliminary assay, we found that dwarf-cashew clones show different levels of resistance to CW. Here, we hypothesized that such resistance is associated with morphological characteristics of cashew leaves and their content of phenolic compounds. RESULTS: We determined (i) the attractiveness and suitability for oviposition of five dwarf-cashew clones towards CW, (ii) the leaf morphology and chemistry of those clones, and (iii) the relationship between leaf characteristics and resistance to CW. In greenhouse multiple-choice assays, PRO143/7 and CCP76 showed, respectively, the lowest and highest counts of both CW adults and eggs. Scanning electron microscopy (SEM) analysis revealed that PRO143/7 and EMBRAPA51 have, respectively, the highest and lowest numbers of leaf glandular trichomes. We found a negative correlation between number of trichomes in the abaxial surface of cashew leaves and CW oviposition. In addition, confocal microscopy analysis and histochemical tests with ferrous sulfate indicated a higher accumulation of phenolic compounds in the resistant clone PRO143/7 relative to the other clones.
    [Show full text]
  • A Review of on Aleurodicus Dispersus Russel. (Spiralling Whitefly) [Hemiptera: Aleyrodidae] in Nigeria
    Journal of Entomology and Nematology Vol. 2(1), pp. 001-006, February, 2010 Available online at http://www.academicjournals.org/JEN ISSN 2006- 9855© 2010 Academic Journals Review A review of on Aleurodicus dispersus Russel. (spiralling whitefly) [Hemiptera: Aleyrodidae] in Nigeria A. D. Banjo Department of Plant science and applied zoology, Olabisi Onabanjo University, P. M. B. 2002, Ago-Iwoye, Ogun State, Nigeria. E-mail: [email protected]. Accepted 26 November, 2009 The developmental biology of Aleurodicus dispersus Russel., have been investigated. It was found to have a cumulative developmental period of (23 - 41) days. The mean numbers of egg developing to adult have been found to be 138.1 per thousand eggs. The spread of the insect have been found to be connected to human traffics. The oviposition and feeding occurs simultaneously and occur more on their abaxial surface of host leaves. Rainfall and temperature play a prominent role on the abundance and seasonal fluctuation of the insect and infact, regulating their population. Presently, A. dispersus is found on arable as well as ornamental plants but rarely on gramminae. At present, A. dispersus is a minor pest with the potential of becoming a serious pest with the increasing global warming. Key words: Aleurodicus dispersus, oviposition, abaxial surface, abundance, gramminae. INTRODUCTION Aleurodicus dispersus (Russel, 1965) otherwise known cowpea (Waterhouse and Norris, 1989). Altogether, A. as spiralling whitefly (swf) is a small (1 - 2 mm long) dispersus has been reported on more than 27 plant insect as other whiteflies (Avidov and Harpaz, 1969) with families, 38 genera with over 100 species including citrus a characteristic spiralling pattern of oviposition on the and ornamental plants (Russell, 1965; Cherry, 1980).
    [Show full text]
  • Comparative Biology of Invasive Rugose Spiralling Whitefly Aleurodicus Rugioperculatus Martin on Three Host Plants
    20038--Sanjay Kumar Pradhan Indian Journal of Entomology, Review Article (2020) DoI No.: COMPARATIVE BIOLOGY OF INVASIVE RUGOSE SPIRALLING WHITEFLY ALEURODICUS RUGIOPERCULATUS MARTIN ON THREE HOST PLANTS SANJAY KUMAR PRADHAN, A N SHYLESHA1, K SELVARAJ*AND SUMALATHA, B V1 Department of Agricultural Entomology, College of Agriculture, University of Agricultural Sciences, Bengaluru, Karnataka 560065 1Division of Germplasm Conservation and Utilization, ICAR-National Bureau of Agricultural Insects Resources, Bengaluru, Karnataka 560024 *Email: [email protected] (corresponding author) ABSTRACT Comparative biology of invasive rugose spiralling whitefly (RSW) Aleurodicus rugioperculatus Martin (Hemiptera: Aleyrodidae) was studied on three host plants viz., coconut (Cocos nucifera L), banana (Musa spp. L) and Indian shot (Canna indica) under caged as well as field conditions. The RSW life cycle was shorter on coconut compared to that of banana and Indian shot plant. Thus coconut is preferred hosts for its growth and development. A fecundity of 49.50± 4.09 and total duration of the nymphal instars being of 23.2± 1.38 days. Duration to lifestages on banana was less under field conditions as compared to that under caged conditions.These results on the comparative biology and growth will help to develop suitable IPM strategies for this invasive pest. Key words: Aleurodicus rugioperculatus, biology, coconut, banana, Canna indica, fecundity, nymphal instars, duration, total life cycle Globalization in agriculture trade has led to deliberate and Andhra Pradesh. Due to its excreting excessive or accidental introduction of many quarantine pests, honey dew, which gets deposited on plant leaves as well diseases and weeds (USDA, 2001). These introduced as anything under the infested plants, its damage is more pests pose major threat to the native biodiversity and serious.
    [Show full text]
  • Menace of Spiralling Whitefly, Aleurodicus Dispersus Russell on the Agrarian Community
    Int.J.Curr.Microbiol.App.Sci (2020) 9(12): 2756-2772 International Journal of Current Microbiology and Applied Sciences ISSN: 2319-7706 Volume 9 Number 12 (2020) Journal homepage: http://www.ijcmas.com Review Article https://doi.org/10.20546/ijcmas.2020.912.329 Menace of Spiralling Whitefly, Aleurodicus dispersus Russell on the Agrarian Community P. P. Pradhan1* and Abhilasa Kousik Borthakur2 1Department of Entomology, Assam Agricultural University, Jorhat, India 2Krishi Vigyan Kendra, Assam Agricultural University, Darrang, India *Corresponding author ABSTRACT K e yw or ds Spiralling whitefly, Aleurodicus dispersus Russell, a polyphagous pest native to the Spiralling whitefly, Caribbean region and Central America has turned out to be cosmopolitan as well Aleurodicus creating havoc to the farming community. The peculiar egg-laying pattern of this pest disperses, has given its name spiralling whitefly. The insect has four nymphal stages and has a Polyphagous, pupal period of 2-3 days, thereby the total developmental period is of 18 to 23 days. It Ecology, Parasitoids, has been found that high temperature and high relative humidity during summer has a positive impact on pest incidence. As their body is covered with a heavy waxy Predators material, management of this pest is quite a task. Since A. dispersus is an exotic pest Article Info in most of the countries, hence classical biological control through the introduction of natural enemies from the area of origin of the pest is considered as a sustainable Accepted: management option. The natural enemies chiefly the parasitoids Encarsia 18 November 2020 guadeloupae Viggiani and Encarsia haitiensis Dozier has turned out to be a promising Available Online: 10 December 2020 tool in suppressing the menace of spiralling whitefly.
    [Show full text]
  • EU Project Number 613678
    EU project number 613678 Strategies to develop effective, innovative and practical approaches to protect major European fruit crops from pests and pathogens Work package 1. Pathways of introduction of fruit pests and pathogens Deliverable 1.3. PART 7 - REPORT on Oranges and Mandarins – Fruit pathway and Alert List Partners involved: EPPO (Grousset F, Petter F, Suffert M) and JKI (Steffen K, Wilstermann A, Schrader G). This document should be cited as ‘Grousset F, Wistermann A, Steffen K, Petter F, Schrader G, Suffert M (2016) DROPSA Deliverable 1.3 Report for Oranges and Mandarins – Fruit pathway and Alert List’. An Excel file containing supporting information is available at https://upload.eppo.int/download/112o3f5b0c014 DROPSA is funded by the European Union’s Seventh Framework Programme for research, technological development and demonstration (grant agreement no. 613678). www.dropsaproject.eu [email protected] DROPSA DELIVERABLE REPORT on ORANGES AND MANDARINS – Fruit pathway and Alert List 1. Introduction ............................................................................................................................................... 2 1.1 Background on oranges and mandarins ..................................................................................................... 2 1.2 Data on production and trade of orange and mandarin fruit ........................................................................ 5 1.3 Characteristics of the pathway ‘orange and mandarin fruit’ .......................................................................
    [Show full text]
  • Spiralling Whitefly and Its Management Practices in the South Pacific
    Adv. Hort. Sci., 2019 33(1): 123-131 DOI: 10.13128/ahs-22952 Mini review Spiralling whitefly and its management practices in the South Pacific. A review Advances inH HorticulturaS l Science R.R. Chand 1, 2 ( *), A.D. Jokhan 2, R. Kelera 1 1 School of Biological and Chemical Sciences, Faculty of Science, Technology and Environment, The University of the South Pacific, Private Mail Bag, Suva, Fiji. 2 School of Science and Technology, The University of Fiji, Private Mail Bag, Lautoka, Fiji. Key words: abundance, Aleurodicus dispersus Russell, management, South Pacific, spiralling whitefly. Abstract: A few species of whiteflies are considered a serious insect pest of veg - etation and ornamental plants across many countries. The Spiralling whiteflies, Aleurodicus dispersus Russell has been recorded on many different plant species across countries. These whiteflies feed exclusively on leaves and have (*) Corresponding author: the ability to spread plant diseases. A great deal of research has been done on [email protected] whiteflies in relation to which control methods would be most effective in pest management. The management of Spiralling whitefly in the South Pacific is heavily reliant on biological control (using the parasitic wasps, predators and Citation: entomopathogenic fungi). Other control methods include physical, botanical, CHAND R.R., JOKHAN A.D., KELERA R., 2019 - Spiralling whitefly and its management practices and chemical to keep the whitefly population at lower levels. In this paper, an in the South Pacific. A review . - Adv. Hort. Sci., overview of Spiralling whiteflies and its management practices in the South 33(1): 123-131 Pacific will be reviewed.
    [Show full text]
  • Invasive Plants and Animals: Is There a Way Out?
    Invasive plants and animals: Is there a way out? Proceedings of a Conference on Alien Invasive Species on the 26th of September, 2000 in the National Museum of Natural History Naturalis in Leiden, the Netherlands Wim Bergmans & Esther Blom editors NCDO NEIHERLANDscoMMiwEFoR Natuurmonumenten IUCN fHt WORLD C0NSER\/ATIDN ', ON Invasive plants and animals: Is there a way out? Photo cover: Zebra mussel (Dreissena polymorpha) Photo: Gerard van der Velde Layout: Edith Cremers Printing: Leeuwenberg, Amsterdam Production: Cas Besselink ISBN 90-75909-08-x Published July 2001 by The Netherlands Committee for IUCN Plantage Middenlaan 2B 1018 DD Amsterdam, The Netherlands Website: www.nciucn.nl With support from: NCDO (National Committee for international cooperation and sustainable development) Natuurmonumenten (Dutch society for the preservation of nature) Invasive plants and animals: Is there a way out? Proceedings of a Conference on Alien Invasive Species on the 26th of September, 2000 in the National Museum of Natural History Naturalis in Leiden, the Netherlands Wim Bergmans & Esther Blom editors Netherlands Committee for IUCN, 2001 TABLE OF CONTENTS Contents 5 Preface 6 Acknowledgements 8 List of contributors 9 Introduction 1. Lennart Turlings: Invasive plants and animals: Is there a way out? 10 2. Piero Genovesi: Biological invasions as a major threat to biodiversity: IUCN guidelines and actions for preventing biodiversity losses caused by alien invasive species 19 3. Rob Hengeveld: Invasion biology: From theory to practice 26 4. Gerard van der Velde: Ecological and economic damage by invasive species in inland waters and how to deal with it 33 5. Fernando Espinoza Fuentes: Alien invasive species in the Galapagos Isands 39 6.
    [Show full text]
  • Giant Whiteflies (Sternorrhyncha, Aleyrodidae): a Discussion of Their Taxonomic and Evolutionary Significance, with the Descript
    Giant whiteflies (Sternorrhyncha, Aleyrodidae): a discussion of their taxonomic and evolutionary significance, with the description of a new species of Udamoselis Enderlein from Ecuador Jon H. Martin Three adult male whitefly specimens from Ecuador are described as Udamoselis estrellamarinae sp. n. This genus and its subfamily are reappraised on adult characters, including wing venation, paronychium structure, and distribution of abdominal wax glands. In the absence of associated puparia nomenclatural caution is preferred, but the subfamilies Udamoselinae and Aleurodicinae are likely to be synonymous. Wing venation of other very large whiteflies is illustrated, and is discussed in comparison with fossil taxa. Speculation is made on the possible biology of such giant whitefly species. Jon H. Martin, Department of Entomology, Natural History Museum, Cromwell Road, London SW7 5BD, UK. j. [email protected] Introduction single adult male specimen. Enderlein’s specimen has In an account of the history of higher systematics subsequently never been traced, and is thought to in the Aleyrodidae, Russell (2000) stated that five have been lost during the upheavals of the Second whitefly subfamily names have been used for extant World War. As well as being described from a single taxa. Of these, Uraleyrodinae Sampson & Drews specimen, no satisfactory collecting locality is known (1941) was found to be synonymous with Aleyro- and Enderlein simply gave this as ‘in all probability dinae Westwood (1840), based on a study of adult South America’, indicating that the specimen must characters by Russell (1986). Takahashi (1932) had have been given to him. Enderlein also included erected the subfamily Siphonaleyrodinae solely for Aleurodicus Douglas (1892) in his new subfamily, his new species Siphonaleyrodes formosanus, which without any discussion.
    [Show full text]
  • Natural Enemies of Rugose Spiraling Whitefly, Aleurodicus
    ENY-870 Natural Enemies of Rugose Spiraling Whitefly, Aleurodicus rugioperculatus Martin (Insecta: Hemiptera: Aleyrodidae) in the South Florida Landscape1 Siavash Taravati, Catharine Mannion, Holly Glenn, and Lance Osborne2 Introduction Rugose spiraling whitefly, Aleurodicus rugioperculatus Martin, is a member of the subfamily Aleurodicinae, originally described from Belize in 2004 on coconut, Cocos nucifera (Martin 2004). This species was first observed in south Florida in 2009, which was the first report of its occurrence in the United States. As of July 2013, it has been found in 17 counties in south and central Florida. This whitefly has been reported on more than 60 plant species, which include gumbo limbo (Bursera simaruba), coconut (Cocos nucifera), black olive (Bucida buceras), avocado (Persea americana), Calophyllum spp., and giant white bird Figure 1. Dorsal view of Encarsia guadeloupae of paradise (Strelitzia nicolai). There is little information on Credits: Siavash Taravati the biology and management of this species in the literature vaporariorum (Westwood) (Evans 2008). Adult wasps can (Stocks and Hodges 2012). In this publication, we will be identified by their yellow scutellum (a triangular plate on describe the predators and parasitoids found feeding on this their back between the wings; the thorax area) against their whitefly in the south Florida landscape. brownish body (Fig. 1 and 2). Encarsia guadeloupae has been found on trees infested with rugose spiraling whitefly, Encarsia guadeloupae Viggiani parasitizing the whitefly nymphs. Under laboratory condi- tions, female wasps examine whitefly nymphs with their (Hymenoptera: Aphelinidae) long antennae and probe with their ovipositor looking for This solitary parasitoid belongs to the family Aphilinidae a suitable site on the nymph to lay an egg.
    [Show full text]
  • Reporting Service 2000, No
    EPPO Reporting Service Paris, 2000-11-01 Reporting Service 2000, No. 11 CONTENTS 2000/165 - Outbreak of Clavibacter michiganensis subsp. sepedonicus in the Netherlands 2000/166 - Identification of Liriomyza sativae on imports from Israel 2000/167 - Synchytrium endobioticum found on Prince Edward Island, Canada 2000/168 - Eradication of tomato yellow leaf curl begomovirus in France 2000/169 - First report of Mycosphaerella dearnessii in Italy 2000/170 - Globodera pallida found in Malta 2000/171 - Situation of several quarantine pests in Germany in 1999 and 2000 2000/172 - First report of Aleurodicus dispersus in Mauritius 2000/173 - Whitefly-transmitted viruses and whitefly species in Islas Canarias, Spain 2000/174 - Cameraria ohridella continues to spread in Europe 2000/175 - Control measures against Cameraria ohridella 2000/176 - Details on Thrips palmi in Korea Republic 2000/177 - Carposina niponensis – nomenclature goes full circle 2000/178 - New disease of broccoli caused by Pseudomonas syringae 2000/179 - Studies on fungi associated with root rot and vine decline of melons in California (US) 2000/180 - Situation of Dutch elm disease in New Zealand 2000/181 - Black sigatoka in the Torres Strait islands (Australia) 2000/182 - Fusarium proliferatum reported on date palms in Saudi Arabia 2000/183 - PCR diagnostic method for Bursaphelenchus xylophilus 2000/184 - EU Directive 77/93 passes away 2000/185 - Telediagnostic methods used in Norway 2000/186 - EPPO report on selected intercepted consignments EPPO Reporting Service 2000/165 Outbreak of Clavibacter michiganensis subsp. sepedonicus in the Netherlands In the Netherlands, during the 2000 growing-season, Clavibacter michiganensis subsp. sepedonicus (EPPO A2 quarantine pest - causal agent of potato ring rot) has been found in ware potatoes (Solanum tuberosum cv.
    [Show full text]
  • 1 Basic Arthropod Taxonomy Arthropods Include the Insects, Spiders, Mites, Ticks, Ostracods, Copepods, Scorpions, Centipedes, Sh
    Basic Arthropod Taxonomy Arthropods include the insects, spiders, mites, ticks, ostracods, copepods, scorpions, centipedes, shrimps, and crayfishes. Of these, insects make up > 50% of all the nominal species of organisms in the world. Insects and its allies or relatives whether pests or beneficials are part of rice ecosystems. Basic arthropod identification is important in ecological research to understand interactions, which are vital for developing better pest management tools and strategies. This manual will focus on: • Identification of different arthropod groups. • Identification of major diagnostic features of the most common and important arthropod orders, families and species especially insects and spiders in the rice agricultural landscape using taxonomic keys. • Handling and preserving arthropods for identification. Manual content Differences: Insects (Class Insecta) and Spiders (Class Arachnida, Order Araneae) Insects Spiders Body regions 3: head, thorax and abdomen 2: cephalothorax (fused head and thorax) and unsegmented abdomen Eyes 2-3 compound eyes and 0-8 (with some ground 3 ocelli or simple eyes dwellers having no eyes) Legs (no.) 3 pairs 4 pairs Wings Present Absent Antennae Present Absent Summary of Insect Orders and Families and Spider Families covered in this workshop Order Family Common name Common species Food habit Odonata Coenagrionidae Damselfly Agriocnemis Predator (flying femina femina insects and (Brauer) hoppers) 1 A. pygmaea Predator (flying (Rambur) insects and hoppers) Order Family Common name Common species Food habit Odonata Libellulidae Dragonfly Diplacodes Predator (stem trivialis (Drury) borers, leaffeeders and planthoppers) Orthoptera Tettigoniidae Long-horned Conocephalus Predator (rice grasshoppers longipennis (de bug, stem borers, Haan) and planthopper and leafhopper nymphs) Gryllidae Crickets Euscyrtus Pest concinnus (de Haan) Acrididae Short-horned Oxya spp.
    [Show full text]
  • Insect and Mite Pests of Blueberries in Hawai'i
    College of Tropical Agriculture Insect Pests and Human Resources July 2017 IP-42 University of Hawai'i at Manca Insect and Mite Pests of Blueberries in Hawai‘i Randall T. Hamasaki1, Andrea M. Kawabata2, and Stuart T. Nakamoto3 1Plant and Environmental Protection Sciences, 2Tropical Plant and Soil Sciences, 3Human Nutrition, Food and Animal Sciences outhern highbush blueberries (Vaccinium corym- Pests That Feed on Plant Sap bosum x V. darrowi) are being investigated as a potentialS high-value crop for Hawai‘i agriculture. One Soft scales: potential area of concern is potential pests and their man- Brown soft scale, Coccus hesperidum Linnaeus....8 agement. Accurate identification of pests is essential for Green shield scale, Pulvinaria psidii Maskell.........8 making sound pest-management decisions. This guide is Hemispherical scale, Saissettia coffeae Walker.....8 intended to help Hawai‘i blueberry growers by providing Melon or cotton aphid, Aphis gossypii Glover............11 photographs and information about pest identification, Whiteflies: life cycle, and distribution, as well as crop damage caused Greenhouse whitefly, Trialeurodes vaporariorum by the pest and other host plants. Westwood................................................................13 Pests were studied on blueberry plants growing at Giant whitefly,Aleurodicus dugesii Cockerell.......13 the University of Hawai‘i at M¯anoa-CTAHR’s Mealani, Greenhouse thrips, Heliothrips haemorrhoidalis L¯al¯amilo, Volcano, and Kona Research Stations on the Bouché.............................................................................15 island of Hawai‘i. Pest samples were identified by the Torpedo bug, Siphanta acuta Walker............................17 UHM-CTAHR Agricultural Diagnostic Service Center Mites: (ADSC). If you suspect pest problems but cannot de- Twospotted spider mite, Tetranychus urticae termine the cause, we suggest that you submit samples Koch.........................................................................18 to the ADSC for identification.
    [Show full text]