At Ephesus (First to Third Centuries C.E.)
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The Satrap of Western Anatolia and the Greeks
University of Pennsylvania ScholarlyCommons Publicly Accessible Penn Dissertations 2017 The aS trap Of Western Anatolia And The Greeks Eyal Meyer University of Pennsylvania, [email protected] Follow this and additional works at: https://repository.upenn.edu/edissertations Part of the Ancient History, Greek and Roman through Late Antiquity Commons Recommended Citation Meyer, Eyal, "The aS trap Of Western Anatolia And The Greeks" (2017). Publicly Accessible Penn Dissertations. 2473. https://repository.upenn.edu/edissertations/2473 This paper is posted at ScholarlyCommons. https://repository.upenn.edu/edissertations/2473 For more information, please contact [email protected]. The aS trap Of Western Anatolia And The Greeks Abstract This dissertation explores the extent to which Persian policies in the western satrapies originated from the provincial capitals in the Anatolian periphery rather than from the royal centers in the Persian heartland in the fifth ec ntury BC. I begin by establishing that the Persian administrative apparatus was a product of a grand reform initiated by Darius I, which was aimed at producing a more uniform and centralized administrative infrastructure. In the following chapter I show that the provincial administration was embedded with chancellors, scribes, secretaries and military personnel of royal status and that the satrapies were periodically inspected by the Persian King or his loyal agents, which allowed to central authorities to monitory the provinces. In chapter three I delineate the extent of satrapal authority, responsibility and resources, and conclude that the satraps were supplied with considerable resources which enabled to fulfill the duties of their office. After the power dynamic between the Great Persian King and his provincial governors and the nature of the office of satrap has been analyzed, I begin a diachronic scrutiny of Greco-Persian interactions in the fifth century BC. -
This Electronic Thesis Or Dissertation Has Been Downloaded from Explore Bristol Research
This electronic thesis or dissertation has been downloaded from Explore Bristol Research, http://research-information.bristol.ac.uk Author: Hoag, Gary G Title: The teachings on Riches in 1 Timothy in light of Ephesiaca by Xenophon of Ephesus General rights Access to the thesis is subject to the Creative Commons Attribution - NonCommercial-No Derivatives 4.0 International Public License. A copy of this may be found at https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0/legalcode This license sets out your rights and the restrictions that apply to your access to the thesis so it is important you read this before proceeding. Take down policy Some pages of this thesis may have been removed for copyright restrictions prior to having it been deposited in Explore Bristol Research. However, if you have discovered material within the thesis that you consider to be unlawful e.g. breaches of copyright (either yours or that of a third party) or any other law, including but not limited to those relating to patent, trademark, confidentiality, data protection, obscenity, defamation, libel, then please contact [email protected] and include the following information in your message: •Your contact details •Bibliographic details for the item, including a URL •An outline nature of the complaint Your claim will be investigated and, where appropriate, the item in question will be removed from public view as soon as possible. The Teachings on Riches in I Timothy in light of Ephesiaca by Xenophon of Ephesus Gary G. Hoag A dissertation submitted to the University of Bristol and Trinity College in accordance with the requirements for award of degree of Doctor of Philosophy in the Faculty of Arts. -
Mercenaries, Poleis, and Empires in the Fourth Century Bce
The Pennsylvania State University The Graduate School College of the Liberal Arts ALL THE KING’S GREEKS: MERCENARIES, POLEIS, AND EMPIRES IN THE FOURTH CENTURY BCE A Dissertation in History and Classics and Ancient Mediterranean Studies by Jeffrey Rop © 2013 Jeffrey Rop Submitted in Partial Fulfillment of the Requirements for the Degree of Doctor of Philosophy May 2013 ii The dissertation of Jeffrey Rop was reviewed and approved* by the following: Mark Munn Professor of Ancient Greek History and Greek Archaeology, Classics and Ancient Mediterranean Studies Dissertation Advisor Chair of Committee Gary N. Knoppers Edwin Erle Sparks Professor of Classics and Ancient Mediterranean Studies, Religious Studies, and Jewish Studies Garrett G. Fagan Professor of Ancient History and Classics and Ancient Mediterranean Studies Kenneth Hirth Professor of Anthropology Carol Reardon George Winfree Professor of American History David Atwill Associate Professor of History and Asian Studies Graduate Program Director for the Department of History *Signatures are on file in the Graduate School iii ABSTRACT This dissertation examines Greek mercenary service in the Near East from 401- 330 BCE. Traditionally, the employment of Greek soldiers by the Persian Achaemenid Empire and the Kingdom of Egypt during this period has been understood to indicate the military weakness of these polities and the superiority of Greek hoplites over their Near Eastern counterparts. I demonstrate that the purported superiority of Greek heavy infantry has been exaggerated by Greco-Roman authors. Furthermore, close examination of Greek mercenary service reveals that the recruitment of Greek soldiers was not the purpose of Achaemenid foreign policy in Greece and the Aegean, but was instead an indication of the political subordination of prominent Greek citizens and poleis, conducted through the social institution of xenia, to Persian satraps and kings. -
Archiereis and Asiarchs: a Gladiatorial Perspective Michael Carter
Archiereis and Asiarchs: A Gladiatorial Perspective Michael Carter HE RELATIONSHIP between the provincial archierosyne of Asia (the office of érxiereÁw t∞w 'As¤aw) and the asiarchia T(the office of ésiãrxhw) has long been the subject of debate by scholars concerned with the imperial cult in the province of Asia.1 Some argue that these two titles designated two different offices: two titles for two distinct positions. Others hold that they were virtually synonymous and referred to the same office: two titles for one position.2 While the prepon- derance of the arguments now points to the latter alternative, the debate has become especially polarized in recent years.3 These scholars have arrived at their divergent opinions after examining the same evidence—differences arise only from inter- pretation of that evidence. The connection between asiarchs, archiereis, and the presentation of gladiatorial spectacles in the 1 The following are cited by authors’ names: M. D. Campanile, I sacerdoti del Koinon d’Asia (Pisa 1994) J. Deininger, Die Provinziallandtage der römischen Kaiserzeit (Munich 1965) S. Friesen, “Asiarchs,” ZPE 126 (1999) 275–290 L. Robert, Les gladiateurs dans l’Orient grec (Limoges 1940) M. Rossner, “Asiarchen und Archiereis Asias,” StClas 16 (1974) 101–142 P. Weiß, “Asiarchen sind Archiereis Asias: Eine Antwort auf S. J. Friesen,” in N. Ehrhardt and L. M. Günther, edd., Widerstand-Anpassung-Integration: die griechischen Staatenwelt in Rom: Festschrift für Jürgen Deininger (Stuttgart 2002) 241–254 2 Friesen provides a useful survey of much of the key bibliography (to 1999). Most recent is Weiß in 2002. 3 Consider recent titles: S. -
CLIMATE CHANGING Endowment Fund Can Be Deposited in the Bank Account of the Theodor- CHANGING CLIMAT Your Donations Will Be Wiegand Gesellschaft
2019 • If we want to preserve 1 ARCHAEOLOGY our cultural heritage, WORLDWIDE 1 • 2019 we need your support. Magazine of the German Archaeological Institute ARCHAEOLOGY WORLDWIDE T WG Archaeology Worldwide – volume seven – Berlin, – DAI May 2019 Here’s how to help: WWW.TWGES.DE Photo: Wulf-Rheidt Gesellschaft der Freunde des Ulrike Wulf-Rheidt endowment fund Deutschen Archäologischen Instituts The basis of any safeguarding and preservation measures of past buildings is their analysis. The Theodor Wiegand Gesellschaft e. V. field of building archaeology was developed with this in mind. The Ulrike Wulf-Rheidt endow- Wissenschaftszentrum Bonn ment fund is dedicated to the future of building archaeology. In remembrance of building Ahrstraße 45, 53175 Bonn archaeologist Prof. Dr. Ulrike Wulf-Rheidt it supports young building archaeologists. Ulrike Wulf-Rheidt’s projects and publications have significantly influenced the field of building Delia Schulz archaeology with regard to contents and methods. Through her work as head of the Division of Tel.: +49 228 30 20 Building Archaeology at the German Archaeological Institute, as a professor at the FU Berlin and Fax: +49 228 30 22 70 as a mentor of numerous building archaeology and cultural preservation projects in Germany [email protected] and abroad she has substantially contributed to the profiling of the discipline. One of her central concerns was the promotion of young academic talents. Theodor Wiegand Gesellschaft In order to continue her work after her premature and tragic death, her parents and her husband Deutsche Bank AG, Essen founded the Ulrike Wulf-Rheidt endowment fund. With your donation you can support this IBAN DE20 3607 0050 0247 1944 00 endowment fund and thus contribute to the preservation of our cultural heritage, by investing in TITLE STORY BIC DEUTDEDEXXX the future of young building archaeologists. -
Countermarks in the Name “Galba” on Roman Imperial and Provincial
GEPHYRA 16, 2018, 37-73 Countermarks in the Name “Galba” on Roman Imperial and Provincial Coinages: Considerations on the Countermarks and the Circulation of Local Bronze Coins in Pannonia (?), Moesia, Thrace and Asia Minor (?) Rodolfo MARTINI 1. Foreword From the reign of Nero to the ensuing civil wars (68-69 CE), the regions of Moesia and Thrace witnessed the widespread coining of Neronian bronze with Latin legends, typified by the ‘reproduc- tion’ of certain types from the mints in Rome and Lugdunum. Especially noteworthy was the Perin- thus mint, whose specimens circulated alongside local coinage with Greek legends. These issues, along with certain bronze series from the mints in Nicaea and Nicomedia, would later undergo widespread countermarking in the Danube and Asia Minor regions with countermark types using the emperor Galba’s name, in both Latin and Greek lettering, either spelled out or abbreviated. Minting order and the subsequent countermarking allow us to again take up some major questions that have arisen regarding the coinage and distribution of imperial bronze in the western part of the Empire from the time of Augustus’ monetary reform onward. The complexity and multiple ramifi- cations of this phenomenon have heretofore stymied attempts to devise an accepted, definitive ex- planation. Specifically, a framework is needed to comprehend the several outright local ‘reruns.’ Most of these are struck but a few are cast, and evidence shows they circulated daily alongside official issue, whose types they unflinchingly imitated from the central mints in Rome and Lugdunum, even while clearly bearing stylistic and morphological features that were generally inferior to their models. -
Philip II, Alexander the Great, and the Rise and Fall of the Macedonian
Epidamnus S tr Byzantium ym THRACE on R Amphipolis A . NI PROPONTIS O Eion ED Thasos Cyzicus C Stagira Aegospotami A Acanthus CHALCIDICE M Lampsacus Dascylium Potidaea Cynossema Scione Troy AEOLIS LY Corcyra SA ES Ambracia H Lesbos T AEGEAN MYSIA AE SEA Anactorium TO Mytilene Sollium L Euboea Arginusae Islands L ACAR- IA YD Delphi IA NANIA Delium Sardes PHOCISThebes Chios Naupactus Gulf Oropus Erythrae of Corinth IONIA Plataea Decelea Chios Notium E ACHAEA Megara L A Athens I R Samos Ephesus Zacynthus S C Corinth Piraeus ATTICA A Argos Icaria Olympia D Laureum I Epidaurus Miletus A Aegina Messene Delos MESSENIA LACONIA Halicarnassus Pylos Sparta Melos Cythera Rhodes 100 miles 160 km Crete Map 1 Greece. xvii W h i t 50 km e D r i n I R. D rin L P A E O L N IA Y Bylazora R . B S la t R r c R y k A . m D I A ) o r x i N a ius n I n n ( Epidamnus O r V e ar G C d ( a A r A n ) L o ig Lychnidus E r E P .E . R o (Ochrid) R rd a ic s u Heraclea u s r ) ( S o s D Lyncestis d u U e c ev i oll) Pella h l Antipatria C c l Edessa a Amphipolis S YN E TI L . G (Berat) E ( AR R DASS Celetrum Mieza Koritsa E O O R Beroea R.Ao R D Aegae (Vergina) us E A S E on Methone T m I A c Olynthus S lia Pydna a A Thermaic . -
The Council of Ephesus - 431 A.D
St Michael's Depot The Council Of Ephesus - 431 A.D. Contents 1. Introduction 2. Second letter of Cyril to Nestorius - approved 3. Second letter of Nestorius to Cyril - condemned 4. Third letter of Cyril to Nestorius - approved ❍ Twelve Anathemas Proposed by Cyril and accepted by the Council of Ephesus 5. The judgment against Nestorius 6. Synodical letter about the expulsion of the eastern bishops (et al.) 7. Definition of the faith at Nicaea [6th session 22 July 431] 8. Definition against the impious Messalians or Euchites 9. Resolution : that the bishops of Cyprus may themselves conduct ordinations 10. Formula of union between Cyrill and John of Antioch 11. Letter of Cyril to John of Antioch about peace 12. Excerpt from the Council of Chalcedon accepting the Letter of Cyril to John of Antioch about peace. Introduction Nestorius, who had been condemned in a council at Rome on 11 August 430, asked the emperor Theodosius II to summon this council. The emperor therefore decided to summon it together with his co-emperor Valentinian III and with the agreement of Pope Celestine I. Theodosius's letter of 19 November 430 requested all those who had been summoned to be present at Ephesus on 7 June 431, the feast of Pentecost. On 22 June, however, ● before the arrival either of the Roman legates or the eastern bishops led by John of Antioch, ● Cyril of Alexandria began the council. ● Nestorius was summoned three times but did not come. ● His teaching was examined and judgment passed upon it, which 197 bishops subscribed at once and others later accepted. -
The Histories
Place Names Latitude Longitude Numbers of Times Mentioned Adriatic Sea 42.7752864 15.885196 3 Paphos 34.757212 32.406593 1 Oaxos 35.3080415 24.8441326 2 Petra 35.25 26.25 2 Siphnus 35.208535 26.108246 4 Abae 38.5831615 22.929852 5 Abdera 40.93950935 24.9795992 13 Abydos 26.409131 31.91627145 18 Acarnania 38.71765475 21.19036225 2 Achaia 38.10212147 22.22458591 8 Achelous river 38.3388321 21.1067111 3 Acheron river 39.2348296 20.4831346 2 Achilleum 39.914982 26.1511315 1 Achilles 46.5 31.5 1 Pyrene 42.468926 2.866662 1 Adramytteum 39.5023635 26.936321 1 Aegaen Sea 37.44094966 25.85418454 9 Aegina island 37.7409397 23.430141 51 Egyptian sea 31.15802 32.68554 1 Egypt 19.21140877 30.56732963 263 Aeolia 38.84644288 26.95080175 2 Ethiopia 14.125005 38.721522 22 Aetolia 38.51650426 21.75966982 1 Agathyrsi 47.5 27.5 11 Agora 40.513545 26.786353 1 Aegae 38.154879 22.314637 2 Aegaleos Mountain 37.154 21.721 1 Aege 39.978627 23.666064 1 Aegira 38.1297925 22.377887 1 Aegilea island 38.1771519 24.1749085 2 Aegion 38.252707 22.081952 1 Aenea 40.439481 22.879124 2 Aenus 40.7248985 26.085729 2 Aenyra 40.683333 24.65 1 Aesa 40.309275 23.060368 1 Acanthus 40.39975 23.880112 8 Acragas 37.29289215 13.58945448 4 Acrothoum 38.4526062 23.2197021 1 Akrothooi 40.183833 24.34933 1 Alabanda 37.59557847 27.97571613 2 Alalia 42.10240033 9.511828 2 Alopecae 37.95 23.749997 1 Alpeni 38.801852 22.586084 4 Amathus 34.712264 33.13708095 3 Ampelus headland 37.75 26.75 2 Amphicaea 38.642319 22.598214 1 Amphissa 38.518403 22.374172 2 Anagyrous 37.8300155 23.804843 1 Anaphlystus -
I. Index of Deities Ii. Index of Emperors and Empresses Iii
I. INDEX OF DEITIES Alexandria 58-61, 63 Hygieia 49 Ammon I (inscription); 52, Add. 2 Isis I, 2, 5-7 (inscriptions); 23, 41, Anubis 5, 7 (inscriptions); 65 42, 44-46, 50, 52, 53, 57, 60, 62, Apollo 68 64-66, III, Add. 6 Ares 5 (inscription) Isis-Hekate 56, 58, 59, 61, Add. 2 Asklepius 66 Jupiter Heliopolitanus 3 (inscrip- Cybele 124 tion) Diana 68 Mithras 149 Dioscuri 5 (inscription); 149 Nephthys Add. 6 Euthenia 52, 53, 56, 62 Nilus 52, 53, 56-64, 66 Harpocrates 5 (inscription); 61, 62, Osiris 5 (inscription); 43 Add. 24 Ptah 52, 59, 62 Hathor-Venus 49 Roma 3 (inscription) Helios 5 (inscription) Sarapis 2, 5-7 (inscriptions); 39, Hera Add. 35 52, 55, 65, III Hermes 87, 88 Victoria 57, 64, 66 Horus Add. 6 Zeus Strategos 103 II. INDEX OF EMPERORS AND EMPRESSES Antoninus Pius 30, 31, 49, 50, 92, Julianus 112-149; p. VII 93; p. 6, p. 14 Lucius Verus 96, 102 Caligula 3, 4 Marcus Aurelius 32-35, 89, 95, 99, Caracalla 91, 93, 109 100; p. 6 Cleopatra I, 2 Nero 5-8 ; p. 5 Commodus 34, 35,90, 110; p. 6 Septimius Severus 36-38, 97, 106, Domitianus 9-17,40-42; p. 5, p. 14 107, 110 Faustina the Younger 101 Trajanus 18-20, 43-46 ; p. 5, p. 14 Geta 38, 104, 105; p. 6 Antinous 29, 87, 88, 91 Gordianus 70-73, 98, 105 Antinous Heros 74-77,80-82, 84, 85 Hadrianus 21-29, 39, 47, 48, 51, - Heros agathos 78,79 81; p. -
2,500-Year Evolution of the Term Epidemic Paul M.V
HISTORICAL REVIEW 2,500-year Evolution of the Term Epidemic Paul M.V. Martin* and Estelle Martin-Granel† The term epidemic (from the Greek epi [on] plus collecting the clinical observations he would publish in demos [people]), first used by Homer, took its medical Epidemics, his treatise that forms the foundation of mod- meaning when Hippocrates used it as the title of one of his ern medicine, at least 3 terms were used in Ancient Greece famous treatises. At that time, epidemic was the name to describe situations that resembled those described by given to a collection of clinical syndromes, such as coughs Hippocrates: nosos, phtoros, and loimos (2). or diarrheas, occurring and propagating in a given period at a given location. Over centuries, the form and meaning of Nosos, meaning disease, was used by Plato in the 4th the term have changed. Successive epidemics of plague in century BC and clearly had the same meaning 2 centuries the Middle Ages contributed to the definition of an epidem- earlier in the works of Homer and Aeschylus. Nosos ic as the propagation of a single, well-defined disease. The encompasses disease of the mind, body, and soul: physical, meaning of the term continued to evolve in the 19th-centu- including epilepsy, and moral (i.e., psychological and psy- ry era of microbiology. Its most recent semantic evolution chiatric). Phtoros or phthoros means ruin, destruction, dates from the last quarter of the 20th century, and this evo- deterioration, damage, unhappiness, and loss, after war for lution is likely to continue in the future. -
October 15, 2020
Selah: Stop, Look, Listen – October 15, 2020 The Lord be with you... They say that life is what happens while you're making your plans. Well, I wonder, have you been thinking or saying something like that over the past several months, I mean with the coronavirus and the lockdowns, and just everything that's been happening, that life is what happens while you're making your plans. Well, I remember late in February, sitting down with my calendar and just having to cross out a lot of plans, a lot of good plans, and we seem to prove the poet right that the best plans of mice and men often go array. Remember some of the plans that you've made for your business, for your church, your family, or schooling, your ministry. That vacation that you were gonna go on. Well, if you're anything like me. Plans that don't work out well, it can disappoint. Discourage. Maybe, leaving us a little angry at God. Well, I wonder, I just... God have anything to say about our plans that don't work out... Let's take a look. Today, I'm looking at Acts Chapter 16, in which the apostle Paul is on his second missionary journey, where we see that like most of us setting out on a journey, Paul has a plan, and it's a really good plan, and Paul has put together a first rate team, he's got Silas and Timothy, great man of God. And Paul, he is smart his experience, Paul knows what he's doing, and he has this wonderful plan to spread the good news of Jesus Christ, to do great things for God.