DOCSLIB.ORG

Gymnanthemum Myrianthum | Plantz Africa About:Reader?Url=

Total Page：16

File Type：pdf, Size：1020Kb

Download full-text PDF Read full-text
Gymnanthemum Myrianthum | Plantz Africa About:Reader?Url= Gymnanthemum myrianthum | Plantz Africa about:reader?url=http://pza.sanbi.org/gymnanthemum-myrianthum pza.sanbi.org Gymnanthemum myrianthum | Plantz Africa Introduction An unusual, striking, robust shrub or small tree that is suddenly beautiful when in flower in late autumn, with eye-catching clumps of mauve to white to deep purple flowers at the ends of its branches. Description Description A soft-wooded tree or a large spreading shrub, 2–6 m tall, with robust, angular, upright stems, that all arise from the base of the plant, sparsely branched. The large, elliptical, 300 × 120 mm, grey-green leaves are attached with long stalks and taper to a pointy tip. The leaves have serrated edges and alternate with each other along the stems. The underside of the leaves are covered in a downy layer of small hairs. 1 of 6 2017/02/15 02:44 PM Gymnanthemum myrianthum | Plantz Africa about:reader?url=http://pza.sanbi.org/gymnanthemum-myrianthum The ‘flowers’, as with all the members of the daisy family, are actually flower heads composed of many tiny florets, clustered together in a dome-shaped inflorescence, in winter, from June to August. The flower heads clump together at the tips of the stems and each exhibits a range of colours from magenta to purple, and occasionally pink or white. Seeds form soon after flowering and turn the flower heads into bundles of attractive, fluffy white seed heads. Conservation Status Status Gymnanthemum myrianthum is not threatened in its natural habitat and is assessed as 2 of 6 2017/02/15 02:44 PM Gymnanthemum myrianthum | Plantz Africa about:reader?url=http://pza.sanbi.org/gymnanthemum-myrianthum Least Concern (LC) on the Red List of South African plants. Distribution and habitat Distribution description Gymnanthemum myrianthum occurs naturally in South Africa, where it is found in riverine vegetation, on forest margins and bushy places in KwaZulu-Natal, Limpopo and Mpumalanga, as well as in Swaziland and northwards to tropical Africa, in Tanzania and also Kenya, usually as a secondary pioneer in disturbed ground. Derivation of name and historical aspects History Gymnanthemum means ‘naked flower’, from the Greek gymnos . meaning ‘naked’ and anthemon meaning ‘flower’. The specific epithet, myrianthum , is derived from Greek murioi , meaning ‘many’ and anthemon , ‘a flower’, referring to the multitude of flowers this plant bears. Gymnanthemum myrianthum was until recently known as Vernonia myriantha . Vernonia was a very large genus of over 1 000 species of annuals, perennials, shrubs and trees. Occurring in America, Africa, Asia, Madagascar and Australia, with approximately 40 species in southern Africa, widespread throughout South African provinces, but absent in the Western Cape. Some of these species are edible and have economic value, and they are all known for their deep purple flowers. This genus is named for the English botanist, William Vernon, who collected many plants in America and who died in 1711. There were numerous distinct subgenera and subsections in Vernonia , which led botanists to divide this large genus into several distinct genera. Most of the South African vernonias are now classified in the genera Gymnanthemum , Hillardiella , Linzia , Vernonella , Vernoniastrum , Baccharoides , Distephanus , Orbivestus , Cyanthillium , Pegolettia , Erlangea , Pleiotaxus and Polydora , but many are still known as ‘vernonia’ and keep their 3 of 6 2017/02/15 02:44 PM Gymnanthemum myrianthum | Plantz Africa about:reader?url=http://pza.sanbi.org/gymnanthemum-myrianthum former botanical name in their common names. There are many other very attractive South African vernonias which deserve more horticultural attention, including the silvery leaved Hilliardiella aristata (= Vernonia natalensis) , Hilliardiella oligocephala (= Vernonia oligocephala) with bicoloured leaves, the climbing and scrambling Gymnanthemum mespilifolium (= Vernonia mespilifolia) and the upright perennial Linzia glabra (= Vernonia glabra), which is widely used in the mixed herbaceous borders in Kirstenbosch National Botanical Garden. Ecology Ecology Gymnanthemum myrianthum flower heads are visited by butterflies, beetles and bees, and Charaxes butterflies breed on them, although the leaves are poisonous to stock. The seeds are enclosed in lightweight hairy fruits and these are dispersed by the wind with the help of a ‘parachute’ of bristly hairs. The alien invasive Solanum mauritianum (Bugweed) resembles Gymnanthemum myrianthum , as both are tall, softwood shrubs with prominent false stipules, but on closer inspection, it is quite easy to tell them apart. The flowers and fruit are completely different, and if these are present, the species are easily distinguished and when not in flower or fruit, the main differences are that Solanum mauritianum has a light grey-green appearance with leaves that have entire, smooth margins, whereas Gymnanthemum myrianthum is dark green and has serrated edges to its leaves. Uses Use 4 of 6 2017/02/15 02:44 PM Gymnanthemum myrianthum | Plantz Africa about:reader?url=http://pza.sanbi.org/gymnanthemum-myrianthum There are no recorded medicinal uses for Gymnanthemum myrianthum , and its leaves are toxic to stock. It has use as an ornamental in horticulture. Growing Gymnanthemum myrianthum Grow This plant makes a bold statement, with its size and large leaves, but is easy to miss until it flowers, when it is becomes strikingly eye catching. It is relatively fast growing and, it doesn’t take long before it flowers. Grow Gymnanthemum myrianthum in a warm sunny position where it can get plenty of space, but also have its somewhat unattractive, slightly untidy, multi-stemmed base hidden behind denser and slightly shorter plantings. Plants are best pruned back by a third each year after flowering and seeding, to encourage a more compact shape, but at Kirstenbosch we just leave the plants to robustly stretch up as far as they would like to. Requiring only this minimal annual maintenance, with regular applications of compost, although it needs water in spring and summer, it grows well with moderate to low watering in summer, once it is established, so it is useful for water-wise gardening in a larger space. Gymnanthemum myrianthum can be propagated by seed sown in spring or early summer. The large quantities of small, fluffy fruits germinate well if sown immediately. The seeds are not long-lived and do not keep well if not refrigerated for storage. New plants are easy to propagate from cuttings, which can be done throughout the year, with best results obtained in autumn. The roots form easily on semi-hard stem cuttings and on slightly softer tip cuttings, after treatment with rooting hormone powder. Cuttings usually root within a month and are ready to be planted out into the garden within 3 to 4 months. References Boon, R. 2010. Pooley's trees of eastern South Africa, a complete guide. Flora & Fauna Publications Trust, Durban. Germishuizen, G. & Clarke, C. 2003. Illustrated guide to the wildflowers of northern South Africa. Briza Publications, Pretoria. Hutchings, A., Scott, A.H., Lewis, G. & Cunningham, A.B. 1996. Zulu medicinal plants: an inventory. University of Natal Press, Pietermaritzburg. Leistner, O.A. (ed.). 2000. Seed plants of southern Africa: families and genera. 5 of 6 2017/02/15 02:44 PM Gymnanthemum myrianthum | Plantz Africa about:reader?url=http://pza.sanbi.org/gymnanthemum-myrianthum Strelitzia 10. National Botanical Institute, Pretoria. Manning, J. 2003. Photographic guide to the wildflowers of South Africa. Briza Publications, Pretoria. Pooley, E. 1993. The complete field guide to trees of Natal, Zululand and Transkei. Natal Flora Publication Trust, Durban. Raimondo, D., Von Staden, L., Foden, W., Victor, J.E., Helme, N.A., Turner, R.C., Kamundi, D.A. & Manyama, P.A. (eds) 2009. Red list of South African plants 2009. Strelitzia 25. South African National Biodiversity Institute, Pretoria. Credits Cherise Viljoen and Alice Notten Kirstenbosch National Botanical Garden December 2016 6 of 6 2017/02/15 02:44 PM.
Load more

Recommended publications
  • Vernodalidimer L, a Sesquiterpene Lactone Dimer from Vernonia Extensa and Anti-Tumor Effects of Vernodalin, Vernolepin, and Vern
    Bioorganic Chemistry 92 (2019) 103197 Contents lists available at ScienceDirect Bioorganic Chemistry journal homepage: www.elsevier.com/locate/bioorg Vernodalidimer L, a sesquiterpene lactone dimer from Vernonia extensa and T anti-tumor effects of vernodalin, vernolepin, and vernolide on HepG2 liver cancer cells ⁎ Sanit Thongnesta, , Pornsuda Chawengrumb, Siriporn Keeratichamroenc, ⁎ Kriengsak Lirdprapamongkolc, Chatchakorn Eurtivongb, Jutatip Boonsombata, , Prasat Kittakoopb, Jisnuson Svastic, Somsak Ruchirawata,b,d a Laboratory of Natural Products, Chulabhorn Research Institute, Bangkok 10210, Thailand b Program of Chemical Biology, Chulabhorn Graduate Institute, Chulabhorn Royal Academy, Bangkok 10210, Thailand c Laboratory of Biochemistry, Chulabhorn Research Institute, Bangkok 10210, Thailand d The Center of Excellence on Environmental Health and Toxicology, Commission on Higher Education, Ministry of Education, Bangkok 10400, Thailand ARTICLE INFO ABSTRACT This manuscript honors Professor Dr. HRH Vernonia extensa, known as “Phim Phai Lin” in Thai, is distributed in most regions of Thailand. The plant has Princess Chulabhorn Mahidol on the occasion been used in Ayurveda and traditionally used to treat malaria and cancer, and possesses several sesquiterpene of HRH’s 60th Birthday Anniversary lactones. This study aimed to investigate and identify the active constituents by bioactivity-based analysis, as Celebration. well as to evaluate the cytotoxic activity of V. extensa by MTT or XTT assays in ten cancer cell lines (Liver HepG2 and S102; Bile duct HuCCA-1; Leukemia HL-60 and MOLT-3; Lung A549 and H69AR; Breast MDA-MB-231 and Keywords: T47D; Cervical HeLa). Bioactivity-guided fractionation and semi-preparative HPLC purification were used to Vernonia extensa separate the bioactive constituents. Apoptosis-inducing activity and cell cycle inhibitory effect of selected active Asteraceae Sesquiterpenoids compounds were determined on HepG2 cells by flow cytometric analysis.
    [Show full text]
  • Flora and Annual Distribution of Flowers and Fruits in the Ubajara National Park, Ceará, Brazil
    Floresta e Ambiente 2020; 27(2): e20190058 https://doi.org/10.1590/2179-8087.005819 ISSN 2179-8087 (online) ORIGINAL ARTICLE - Conservation of Nature Flora and Annual Distribution of Flowers and Fruits in the Ubajara National Park, Ceará, Brazil Andréa Pereira Silveira1 0000-0001-6785-5319 Bruno Sousa de Menezes2 0000-0003-1134-8996 Maria Iracema Bezerra Loiola2 0000-0003-3389-5560 Luiz Wilson Lima-Verde2 0000-0002-6908-1692 Dalva Neta e Zanina2 0000-0002-4653-445X Ellen Cristina Dantas de Carvalho2 0000-0002-6887-3970 Bruno Cruz de Souza2 0000-0002-4746-2638 Rafael Carvalho da Costa2 0000-0002-0942-3128 Waldir Mantovani2 0000-0002-9394-6860 Marcelo Oliveira Teles de Menezes3 0000-0003-2129-6843 Lilian Maria Araújo Flores2 0000-0001-8037-6021 Francisco Carlos Barboza Nogueira4 Ligia Queiroz Matias2 0000-0002-1889-5354 Lívia Silvia Barbosa5 Fernanda Melo Gomes2 0000-0002-4213-6577 Luciana Silva Cordeiro2 0000-0001-5624-2285 Valéria da Silva Sampaio2 0000-0002-6551-8877 Maria Edenilce Peixoto Batista2 0000-0002-1239-0902 Raimundo Luciano Soares Neto6 0000-0002-5643-9464 Maria Arlene Pessoa da Silva7 0000-0001-8148-5350 Natália Barbosa Campos7 Arycelle Alves de Oliveira7 Francisca Soares de Araujo2 0000-0003-4661-6137 Abstract Although the conservation of tropical biodiversity depends on protected areas, there is still a very large ‘gap’ of knowledge on the flora of Brazilian reserves, especially in the Northeast region of Brazil. Field and herbarium surveys of the phanerogamic flora of the Ubajara National Park, located on the Brazilian Northeast, were made and analyses on phenology and dispersal syndromes were performed.
    [Show full text]
  • Vernonia Amygdalina Del
    PESTICIDAL PLANT LEAFLET Vernonia amygdalina Del. ROYAL BOTANIC GARDENS Taxonomy and nomenclature Family: Asteraceae Synonym: Gymnanthemum amygdalinum (Del.) Schultz-Bip. Vernacular/ Common names: (English): Bitter leaf (Luhya): Lisabakhwa (Luo): Olusia, Omoruroria Distribution and habitat V. amygdalina occurs naturally along rivers and lakes, in forests margins, woodland and grassland up to 2800 m altitude, in regions where mean annual rainfall is 750- 2000 mm. It requires full sunlight and prefers humid environment. It grows on all soil types but prefers humus-rich soils. In Kenya, it is found at Kona national reserve in Tana River district (420 m), in the eastern side Botanical description of Mbololo forest in Taita (1400 m), in Narok (2100 m), V. amygdalina is a small tree up to 10 m tall; bark in the Nguruman escarpment (900 m) and Ol Donyo light grey or brown; fissured, brittle branches. Leaves Orok (1400 m). lanceolate oblong; up to 28 x 0 cm, but usually 10-15 x 4-5 cm. Leaf, medium to dark green, with or without sparse hairs above, with fine, soft, pale hairs below and Uses conspicuous red-veining; apex and base tapering, base Insecticidal - Essential oil from the leaves is toxic to always almost symmetric, margin entire or very finely Sitophilus zeamais while the activity against bruchids toothed; petiole usually very short but may be 1-2 cm suggests it is effective when mixed with Ocimum spp. long. Flower heads thistle like, small, creamy white, 10 Food - Bitter leaf eaten as raw vegetables and cooked in mm long, grouped in dense heads, axillary and terminal, soups.
    [Show full text]
  • Asteraceae): Additions to the Genus Acilepis from Southern Asia
    PROCEEDINGS OF THE BIOLOGICAL SOCIETY OF WASHINGTON 122(2):131–145. 2009. Studies on the Paleotropical Vernonieae (Asteraceae): additions to the genus Acilepis from southern Asia Harold Robinson* and John J. Skvarla (HR) Department of Botany, MRC-166, National Museum of Natural History, P.O. Box 37012, Smithsonian Institution, Washington, D.C. 20013-7012, U.S.A., e-mail: [email protected]; (JJS) Department of Botany and Microbiology, and Oklahoma Biological Survey, University of Oklahoma, Norman, Oklahoma 73019-6131, U.S.A., e-mail: [email protected] Abstract.—Thirty-three species are recognized in the genus Acilepis with new combinations provided for A. attenuata, A. chiangdaoensis, A. divergens, A. doichangensis, A. fysonii, A. gardneri, A. heynei, A. kingii, A. lobbii, A. namnaoensis, A. nayarii, A. nemoralis, A. ngaoensis, A. ornata, A. peguensis, A. peninsularis, A. principis, A. pseudosutepensis, A. setigera, A. sutepensis, A. thwaitesii, A. tonkinensis,andA. virgata. Acilepis belcheri is described as new. The rhizomiform structure of the pollen muri is discussed and compared with other Vernonieae in Old World Erlangeinae and in New World Lepidaploinae with similar muri. This study continues a series of papers ceous species in Asia under the name by the senior author aimed at delimiting Vernonia were insufficiently known at monophyletic genera within the tribe that time to determine their proper Vernonieae (Asteraceae), broadly sum- placement with regard to Acilepis, includ- marized by Robinson (1999a, 1999b, ing Vernonia attenuata DC. and V. 2007). The principal result has been the divergens (Roxb.) Edgew. These two disintegration of the extremely broad and species, widespread in southern Asia from aphyletic concept of the genus Vernonia India to China, were reviewed but left Schreb.
    [Show full text]
  • (Delile) Sch. Bip. Ex Walp (Asteraceae) – a New Report to the Flora of Andaman and Nicobar Islands, India
    Journal on New Biological Reports ISSN 2319 – 1104 (Online) JNBR 10(1) 13 – 15 (2021) Published by www.researchtrend.net Gymnanthemum amygdalinum (Delile) Sch. Bip. ex Walp (Asteraceae) – A new report to the flora of Andaman and Nicobar Islands, India Apurba Kumar Das*, C. Sivaperuman Andaman and Nicobar Regional Centre, Port Blair-744102, Andaman and Nicobar Islands, India Corresponding author: [email protected] | Received: 15 December 2020 | Accepted: 10 March 2021 | Published Online: 13 March 2021 How to cite: Das DK, Sivaperuman C. 2021. Gymnanthemum amygdalinum (Delile) Sch. Bip. ex Walp (Asteraceae) – A new report to the flora of Andaman and Nicobar Islands, India. J New Biol Rep 10 (1): 13 – 15. ABSTRACT The Andaman and Nicobar Islands host a variety of unique species; however, their diversity and ecology have yet to be explored. We are reporting Gymnanthemum amygdalinum (Delile) Sch. Bip. ex Walp., an angiosperm species belongs to family Asteraceae, the genus is hitherto unknown from Andaman and Nicobar Islands, which is reported here. Gymnanthemum amygdalinum (Delile) Sch. Bip. ex Walp., previously known from sub-Saharan Africa, US, Southern Asia, has been recently collected from Gandhi Nagar, Great Nicobar Island, India. It represents the first record of this genus in Andaman and Nicobar Islands, India. A description and illustration, as well as a brief discussion, are provided. Key words: Angiosperm, Asteraceae, new reports, Great Nicobar Island. INTRODUCTION (Pandey and Diwakar 2008; Shina 1999; Lakshminarasimhan and Rao 1996; Prasad et al., 2009) The genus Gymnanthemum (Family: Asteraceae) the genus is hitherto unknown from Andaman and which comprises c.49 species in the world (The Plant Nicobar Islands, which is reported here.
    [Show full text]
  • 6. Tribe VERNONIEAE 86. ETHULIA Linnaeus F., Dec. Prima Pl. Horti Upsal. 1. 1762
    Published online on 25 October 2011. Chen, Y. L. & Gilbert, M. G. 2011. Vernonieae. Pp. 354–370 in: Wu, Z. Y., Raven, P. H. & Hong, D. Y., eds., Flora of China Volume 20–21 (Asteraceae). Science Press (Beijing) & Missouri Botanical Garden Press (St. Louis). 6. Tribe VERNONIEAE 斑鸠菊族 ban jiu ju zu Chen Yilin (陈艺林 Chen Yi-ling); Michael G. Gilbert Herbs, shrubs, sometimes climbing, or trees; hairs simple, T-shaped, or stellate. Leaves usually alternate [rarely opposite or whorled], leaf blade entire or serrate-dentate [rarely pinnately divided], venation pinnate, rarely with 3 basal veins (Distephanus). Synflorescences mostly terminal, less often terminal on short lateral branches or axillary, mostly cymose paniculate, less often spikelike, forming globose compound heads or reduced to a solitary capitulum. Capitula discoid, homogamous. Phyllaries generally imbricate, in several rows, rarely in 2 rows, herbaceous, scarious or leathery, outer gradually shorter. Receptacle flat or rather convex, naked or ± fimbriate. Florets 1–400, all bisexual, fertile; corolla tubular, purple, reddish purple, pink, or white, rarely yellow (Distephanus), limb narrowly campanulate or funnelform, 5-lobed. Anther base bifid, auriculate, acute or hastate, rarely caudate, apex appendaged. Style branches usually long and slender, apex subulate or acute, dorsally pilose, without appendage. Achenes cylindric or slightly flattened, (2–)5–10[–20]-ribbed, or 4- or 5-angled, rarely ± terete; pappus usually present, persistent, of many filiform setae, bristles, or scales, often 2-seriate with inner series of setae or bristles and shorter outer series of scales, sometimes very few and deciduous (Camchaya) or absent (Ethulia). Up to 120 genera and 1,400 species: throughout the tropics and extending into some temperate regions; six genera (one introduced) and 39 species (ten endemic, two introduced) in China.
    [Show full text]
  • WO 2016/092376 Al 16 June 2016 (16.06.2016) W P O P C T
    (12) INTERNATIONAL APPLICATION PUBLISHED UNDER THE PATENT COOPERATION TREATY (PCT) (19) World Intellectual Property Organization International Bureau (10) International Publication Number (43) International Publication Date WO 2016/092376 Al 16 June 2016 (16.06.2016) W P O P C T (51) International Patent Classification: HN, HR, HU, ID, IL, IN, IR, IS, JP, KE, KG, KN, KP, KR, A61K 36/18 (2006.01) A61K 31/465 (2006.01) KZ, LA, LC, LK, LR, LS, LU, LY, MA, MD, ME, MG, A23L 33/105 (2016.01) A61K 36/81 (2006.01) MK, MN, MW, MX, MY, MZ, NA, NG, NI, NO, NZ, OM, A61K 31/05 (2006.01) BO 11/02 (2006.01) PA, PE, PG, PH, PL, PT, QA, RO, RS, RU, RW, SA, SC, A61K 31/352 (2006.01) SD, SE, SG, SK, SL, SM, ST, SV, SY, TH, TJ, TM, TN, TR, TT, TZ, UA, UG, US, UZ, VC, VN, ZA, ZM, ZW. (21) International Application Number: PCT/IB20 15/002491 (84) Designated States (unless otherwise indicated, for every kind of regional protection available): ARIPO (BW, GH, (22) International Filing Date: GM, KE, LR, LS, MW, MZ, NA, RW, SD, SL, ST, SZ, 14 December 2015 (14. 12.2015) TZ, UG, ZM, ZW), Eurasian (AM, AZ, BY, KG, KZ, RU, (25) Filing Language: English TJ, TM), European (AL, AT, BE, BG, CH, CY, CZ, DE, DK, EE, ES, FI, FR, GB, GR, HR, HU, IE, IS, IT, LT, LU, (26) Publication Language: English LV, MC, MK, MT, NL, NO, PL, PT, RO, RS, SE, SI, SK, (30) Priority Data: SM, TR), OAPI (BF, BJ, CF, CG, CI, CM, GA, GN, GQ, 62/09 1,452 12 December 201 4 ( 12.12.20 14) US GW, KM, ML, MR, NE, SN, TD, TG).
    [Show full text]
  • Asteraceae Is One of the Largest Families of Flowering Plants Which Has Not Been Revised for the Flora Malesiana (Ross 1993)
    BIOTROPIA NO. 19, 2002 : 65 - 84 NOTES ON THE ASTERACEAE OF SUMATERA SRI SUDARMIYATI TJITROSOEDIRDJO Dept. of Biology, Faculty of Science and Mathematics, Bogor Agricultural University, Jl. Raya Pajajaran, Bogor and South East Asian Regional Center for Tropical Biology (SEAMEO BIOTROP) P.O. Box 116, Bogor, Indonesia. ABSTRACT An account of the tribe composition, endemic taxa, comparison with adjacent areas and weedy Asteraceae of Sumatera is given. Based on the records of January 2000, there are 133 species of 74 genera in 11 tribes. The tribe Heliantheae is the largest, with 28% of the total number of the genera, followed by Astereae with 15%, Inuleae 12%, Senecioneae 10%, Anthemideae, Eupatorieae and Lactuceae 8%, the other tribes are represented by 4% or less. The most diverse genus is Blumea with 14 species. Other genera are only represented by 10 species or less, usually 4, or 3, or 2, and mostly by 1 species only. Thirty nine or about 53% are exotic genera and the native ones are less than half of the total number of the genera. In terms of indigenous and endemic species, Sumatera is richer than Java. There are 1 genus, 7 species and 2 varieties of Asteraceae endemic to Sumatera. A number of 43 important weed species were introduced from Tropical America, Africa, Asia and Europe. Among these Chromolaena odorata and Mikania micrantha are reported as the most noxious ones. List of the genera and species recorded in Sumatera is provided in this paper. Key words : Asteraceae/Sumatera/compositions/endemic species/distribution/weedy Asteraceae INTRODUCTION Asteraceae is one of the largest families of flowering plants which has not been revised for the Flora Malesiana (Ross 1993).
    [Show full text]
  • Erlangeinae, Vernonieae, Asteraceae)
    A peer-reviewed open-access journal PhytoKeys 39: 49–64Two (2014) new genera, Hoffmannanthus and Jeffreycia, mostly from East Africa... 49 doi: 10.3897/phytokeys.39.7624 RESEARCH ARTICLE www.phytokeys.com Launched to accelerate biodiversity research Two new genera, Hoffmannanthus and Jeffreycia, mostly from East Africa (Erlangeinae, Vernonieae, Asteraceae) Harold Robinson1, Sterling C. Keeley2, John J. Skvarla3,†, Raymund Chan1 1 Department of Botany, MRC 166, National Museum of Natural History, Smithsonian Institution, P.O. Box 37012, Washington, DC., 20013-7012, USA 2 Department of Botany, University of Hawaii, Manoa, 3190 Maile aWay, #101, Honolulu, Hawaii, 96822-2279, USA 3 Department of Botany and Microbiology, and Oklahoma Biological Survey, University of Oklahoma, Norman, Oklahoma, 73018-6131, USA, deceased 2 March 2014 Corresponding author: Harold Robinson ([email protected]) Academic editor: A. Sennikov | Received 1 April 2014 | Accepted 8 July 2014 | Published 18 July 2014 Citation: Robinson H, Keeley SC, Skvarla JJ, Chan R (2014) Two new genera, Hoffmannanthus and Jeffreycia, mostly from East Africa (Erlangeinae, Vernonieae, Asteraceae). PhytoKeys 39: 49–64. doi: 10.3897/phytokeys.39.7624 Abstract Two genera of Vernonieae subtribe Erlangeinae with Type A pollen, 5-ribbed achenes, and blunt-tipped sweeping hairs on the styles are described as new, Hoffmannanthus with one species and with Vernonia brachycalyx O. Hoffm. as type, and Jeffreycia with five known species, with Vernonia zanzibarensis Less. as type. Vernonia abbotiana O. Hoffm. is neotypified and is an older name for V. brachycalyx. Keywords Africa, Compositae, Erlangeinae, Hoffmannanthus, Jeffreycia, new genera, Vernonieae Introduction The dismantling of the overly broad concept of Vernonia Schreb.
    [Show full text]
  • Asteraceae) of China with a Study of Their Pollen
    Taiwania, 55(3): 254-272, 2010 Genera of the Vernonieae (Asteraceae) of China with a Study of Their Pollen Harold Robinson(1) and John J. Skvarla(2＊) 1. Department of Botany, NHB 166, National Museum of Natural History, P.O. Box 37012, Smithsonian Institution, Washington, D.C. 20013-7012, USA. Email: [email protected] 2. Department of Botany and Microbiology, and Oklahoma Biological Survey, University of Oklahoma, Norman, Oklahoma, 73019-6131, USA. * Corresponding author. Email: [email protected] (Manuscript received 10 March 2010; accepted 10 May 2010) ABSTRACT: The genera and species of Vernonieae in China are reviewed using revised generic concepts. The recognized genera are Acilepis, Baccharoides, Camchaya, Cyanthillium, Decaneuropsis, Distephanus, Elephantopus, Ethulia, Gymnanthemum, Khasianthus, Monosis, Pseudelephantopus, Strobocalyx, and Tarlmounia. The pollen of each genus is described and illustrated. Keys are provided to genera and species. KEY WORDS: Vernonieae, Asteraceae, pollen, SEM, generic descriptions, keys, China. the completed results on a country by country basis, and INTRODUCTION not to wait for resolution of species in other areas such Generic revisions in the tribe Vernonieae during the as India (Uniyal, 1995) which has a more complex last 30 years have been generally completed for the Vernonian flora. Of additional interest in the case of Western Hemisphere members (Robinson, 1999b), but China, most of the genera seem to have distinctive were only partially and inadequately dealt with in the forms of pollen. For that reason, pollen is reviewed and Eastern Hemisphere members (Robinson, 1999a). These illustrated with SEM micrographs for each genus. treatments were summarized in the Kubitzki volume (Robinson, 2007).
    [Show full text]
  • Generic and Subtribal Classification of American Vernonieae
    SMITHSONIAN CONTRIBUTIONS TO BOTANY NUMBER 89 Generic and Subtribal Classification of American Vernonieae Harold Robinson Smithsonian Institution Press Washington, D.C. 1999 ABSTRACT Robinson, Harold. Generic and Subtribal Classification of American Vernonieae. Smithso- niun Contributions to Botany, number 89, 116 pages, 1999.-The Vernonieae in America is herein defined to exclude the Liabeae and Pseudostifftiu (Moquinieae), and to include elements sometimes placed in the Heliantheae (Trichospiru) or Lactuceae (Stokesiu). Pollen, style bases, raphids, inflorescence form, involucre, anther appendage, and chemistry are some characters used in the reclassification. Tables 1-12 indicate the distribution of these characteristics in most American genera. Vernoniu s.s., with type A pollen, is typified by K noveborucensis (L.) and occurs in the Bahamas, eastern North America, south to central Mexico and has two spe- cies in temperate South America. All other species previously placed in Vernoniu need to be removed from the genus, a process that is nearly complete for neotropical species. Most Amer- ican Vernonieae seem to form a single related subgroup in the tribe. Subtribes included in the related subgroup are the Lychnophorinae (x = 15, 17, 18) and Centratherinae (x = 16) with type A pollen and hroheliangolides; Piptocarphinae (x= 17) with type A pollen, deciduous inner involucre, and sometimes opposite leaves; Vernoniinae (x = 17), many with glanduliferous anther appendages (including the Lepiduplou complex mostly with echinolophate pollen); and the newly proposed subtribes Sipolisiinae with type A pollen, armed receptacles, and carbon- ized achenes; Chrestinae with echinolophate pollen; and Leiboldiinae (x= 19) with type A pol- len, large heads, and a modified callus at the top of the achene.
    [Show full text]
  • A New Genus, Uniyala, from Peninsular India and Sri Lanka (Vernonieae: Asteraceae)
    PROCEEDINGS OF THE BIOLOGICAL SOCIETY OF WASHINGTON 122(2):150–154. 2009. A new genus, Uniyala, from peninsular India and Sri Lanka (Vernonieae: Asteraceae) Harold Robinson* and John J. Skvarla (HR) Department of Botany, MRC 166, National Museum of Natural History, P.O. Box 37012, Smithsonian Institution, Washington, D.C. 20013-7012, U.S.A., e-mail: [email protected]; (JJS) Department of Botany and Microbiology, and Oklahoma Biological Survey, University of Oklahoma, Norman, Oklahoma 73019-6131, U.S.A., e-mail: [email protected] Abstract.—The genus Uniyala, of southern India and Sri Lanka, is described as new for seven shrubby species, previously placed in Vernonia, with 4- or 5-costate achenes and blunt sweeping hairs on the style branches. The new combinations are Uniyala anceps, U. bourdillonii, U. comorinensis, U. multibracteata, U. ramaswamii, U. salvifolia,andU. wightiana. A group of seven shrubby species 2007; Robinson et al. 2008). Pollen was previously placed in Vernonia Schreb. examined with JEOL 880 (Microscopy (de Candolle 1836, Clarke 1876, Hooker Laboratory at the University of Okla- 1881) does not belong to that genus in the homa), LEICA 440 and AMRAY 1810 strict sense (Robinson 1999a, 1999b). The (SEM laboratory of the United States group also proves not to belong to the National Museum of Natural History) broadened concept of Gymnanthemum, scanning electron microscopes, all where some of the species had been equipped with lanthanum hexaboride previously placed by Robinson (1999b, (LaB6) electron sources. 2007). No other pre-existing name is available, and so a new name is provided Results and Discussion herein.
    [Show full text]