I N ITS AND THE IRISH COLLEGE,ROME 1628–1678: EDMUND RICE (1762-1844) AND THE RISH an early manuscript account of the foundation FIRST CHRISTIAN BROTHERS T HE and development of the Ludovisian College of 13-17 Rome.qxd 4/20/08 12:00 PM Page 267 Dáire Keogh the Irish in Rome Edited Albert McDonnell, published by the In 1944, W.T. Cosgrave described the Pontifical Irish College, Rome Christian Brothers as ‘Ireland’s gift to civilization’. More recently, a former C ‘This particularly handsome volume, published government minister called them ‘a shower The archives of the Pontifical Irish College, to celebrate the 375th anniversary of the OLLEGE of savage bastards’. This history aims to get THE W Rome: history and holdings foundation of the Ludovisian Irish College in beyond these stereotypical representations Rome, features an account of the college’s first IRISH COLLEGE, ROME fifty years. In this book an edited transcript of of Edmund Rice and the first generation Vera Orschel Christian Brothers, to see them as they AND ITS WORLD ORLD the original Latin text, prepared by Monsignor saw themselves and were understood by John J. Hanly, is presented alongside the first- their contemporaries. It goes beyond ever English translation by the classics scholar An Irish College was established in Rome in 1628 in order to ‘The lost cannot be recovered; but let us save what remains: not by vaults and Declan Lawell. The first chapter details the hagiography, and interprets the Brothers prepare priests for the Irish mission. As part of an elaborate locks which fence them from the public eye and use, in consigning them to the within context, against the background of waste of time, but by such a multiplication of copies, as shall place them beyond circumstances surrounding the foundation of the network of such colleges across the continent, the Irish College the reach of accident.’ college in 1628 by Cardinal Ludovico Ludovisi,

Catholic Emancipation, the modernization R Thomas Jefferson to Ebenezer Hazard, Philadelphia,  February . nephew of Gregory XV, and traces its of Irish society and the fashioning of the was always more than a seminary; it served as an ‘embassy’ and focus of Irish Catholic interests in Rome and remained such until development in the early years while it was church according to the norms of the OME HE WIDE-RANGING ESSAYS comprised in this volume are connected in under the direction of the Franciscans. The Council of Trent. the 20th century when Ireland established formal diplomatic Tsharing a common source – papers, in their character usually letters, text is complemented by a very fine history of relations with the Holy See. This collection illustrates that dual deposited in the archives of the Roman Irish College. These are private the college during the period 1625-1690 by the role; based upon the archival holdings of the College it presents institutional archives and the ‘archival series’ or collections mostly derive from the day-to-day administration of an ecclesiastical college.Therefore, in listing the Revd Dr Thomas O’Connor. His rich synthesis an insight into the history of the Irish College and its complex more important holdings, we never lose sight of the college’s purpose of of archival and historiographical material forms , world. furnishing students with a base from which to follow their studies in Rome and to the backdrop to the narrative of the college’s eventually attain ordination. How is it that such a seemingly narrow repository,not ostensibly designed to ‘collect’ papers of import in following a certain theme, can historical evolution in an era of profound

Dáire Keogh & Albert McDonnell assist in so many lines of research? An overview of the holdings will show why that religious reform and revival both on the Dáire Keogh lectures in St Patrick’s College Drumcondra and is, illustrating a rule that could be applied to any type of archives. continent and in Ireland, thereby deepening the A few words can be said about the history of the collections, their consultation reader’s appreciation of the significance of the Albert McDonnell is vice-rector of the Irish College Rome. and access, and past activities of house-keeping. For the purpose of discussing the holdings, they have been separated into institutional archives – by-products of daily college’s foundation. Equally impressive is business and students’ residencies; and non-institutional holdings – those added by Monsignor Hanly’s scholarly introduction to the various activities of its residents, in other clerical or in private roles. manuscript history and his explanatory notes on

The jacket design incorporates a drawing by Patricia Hakim, of the Pontifical EDITORS the text. The volume is enhanced by the Irish College. HISTORY incorporation of several beautifully reproduced colour plates and a comprehensive index. From the inception of the college in  onwards, documents bearing on its funding and administration started accruing and were added to as business files became obsoleteT andHE were deposited in the archives: this is only excepting the ‘All involved in the production of this seven-year period of the French occupation and its aftermath, –. Other publication are to be commended for making activities of the college’s staff, like the co-operation of Rector Hagan with the available this valuable archival resource which IRISH COLLEGE, offers a wealth of insights into the experiences of Jacket design: space.ie this Irish clerical community in Rome and AND illuminates the contribution of its members to ROME ITSWORLD the Irish mission during the seventeenth century.’ www.fourcourtspress.ie Mary Ann Lyons, EDITORS Dáire Keogh & Albert McDonnell Irish Historical Studies, May 2005 I N ITS AND THE IRISH COLLEGE,ROME 1628–1678: EDMUND RICE (1762-1844) AND THE RISH an early manuscript account of the foundation FIRST CHRISTIAN BROTHERS T HE and development of the Ludovisian College of 13-17 Rome.qxd 4/20/08 12:00 PM Page 268 Dáire Keogh the Irish in Rome Edited Albert McDonnell, published by the In 1944, W.T. Cosgrave described the Pontifical Irish College, Rome Christian Brothers as ‘Ireland’s gift to  Vera Orschel civilization’. More recently, a former C ‘This particularly handsome volume, published government minister called them ‘a shower Dublin archdiocese in searching Roman archives for Irish sources, or involve- to celebrate the 375th anniversary of the ment of staff in beatification and canonization processes, explain the additions of OLLEGE of savage bastards’. This history aims to get THE W series of transcripts, and of material for saints’ causes. Other additions were made foundation of the Ludovisian Irish College in beyond these stereotypical representations but not documented, like those of the two manuscript collections, leaving us Rome, features an account of the college’s first of Edmund Rice and the first generation IRISH COLLEGE, ROME uncertain about their provenance, and how they were acquired. fifty years. In this book an edited transcript of As a deposit for institutional records, the archives were transferred within ORLD the original Latin text, prepared by Monsignor Christian Brothers, to see them as they AND ITS WORLD Rome with each move the college made, in , , , and . But saw themselves and were understood by moreover, emergencies caused them to be removed twice from college premises: John J. Hanly, is presented alongside the first- their contemporaries. It goes beyond during the French Revolutionary invasion of the Papal States the archives were ever English translation by the classics scholar An Irish College was established in Rome in 1628 in order to in storage – presumably with Propaganda Fide. The Vatican archives in the same Declan Lawell. The first chapter details the hagiography, and interprets the Brothers  prepare priests for the Irish mission. As part of an elaborate period were famously prey to Napoleon’s edict of , and the contingencies circumstances surrounding the foundation of the within context, against the background of arising from their transport back from Paris caused losses as well as long-lasting network of such colleges across the continent, the Irish College confusion. Having little by comparison to recommend themselves to the French, college in 1628 by Cardinal Ludovico Ludovisi, Catholic Emancipation, the modernization R was always more than a seminary; it served as an ‘embassy’ and the college’s archives are judged to have been returned more or less intact in nephew of Gregory XV, and traces its of Irish society and the fashioning of the  focus of Irish Catholic interests in Rome and remained such until . The second removal took place when, in the late summer of  and in development in the early years while it was church according to the norms of the OME the spirit of a sharpening crisis and likely war, Rector McDaid took up the offer under the direction of the Franciscans. The Council of Trent. the 20th century when Ireland established formal diplomatic of the Vatican to safe guard archives or other valuables for the ecclesiastical text is complemented by a very fine history of relations with the Holy See. This collection illustrates that dual colleges: under the direction of Monsignor Pietro Savio, archivist of the Vatican Archives, the college’s records were taken in storage by the Pontificia the college during the period 1625-1690 by the role; based upon the archival holdings of the College it presents Amministrazione delle Opere di Religione until the end of the war, together Revd Dr Thomas O’Connor. His rich synthesis  an insight into the history of the Irish College and its complex with three paintings by Guido Reni, Seán Keating, and De Dominicis. Of the of archival and historiographical material forms , early locations for records and archives there are no descriptions; presently all world. archives are located in one room but it is not known whether this was planned the backdrop to the narrative of the college’s when designing the new building in  and . historical evolution in an era of profound As with most institutional archives the holdings are mostly consulted by the Dáire Keogh & Albert McDonnell religious reform and revival both on the staff, especially since the students’ rolls and rectors’ correspondence are still kept continent and in Ireland, thereby deepening the Dáire Keogh lectures in St Patrick’s College Drumcondra and in the archives as active records series.These are subject to both data protection reader’s appreciation of the significance of the Albert McDonnell is vice-rector of the Irish College Rome. and to the universally applied thirty-years rule.That means that most students’ files are for in-house administrative use or for consultation by the student college’s foundation. Equally impressive is concerned; the rectors’ correspondence is open for research up to  except Monsignor Hanly’s scholarly introduction to the in cases where sensitivity is an issue or the potential for distress or embarrassment manuscript history and his explanatory notes on

The jacket design incorporates a drawing by Patricia Hakim, of the Pontifical EDITORS the text. The volume is enhanced by the Irish College.  John J. Hanly,‘The restoration of the college: Dr Michael Blake –’, in the annual college magazine The Coelian (), pp –, at . Monsignor Hanly made this judgment incorporation of several beautifully reproduced by correlating the references used in Marefoschi’s report of  with the material now in the colour plates and a comprehensive index. archives.This account was based on an article by Michael J. Curran in the Repertorium Novum (Dublin Diocesan History Record), vol. ,no. (), pp –, but despite Curran’s enthusiasm for all TthingsHE archival, he does not mention the restitution of the College’s archives ‘All involved in the production of this patrimony of .  See Denis McDaid, College Diary War Years / Annála Choláiste na nGaedheal san Róimh (manuscript January –January ), PICR Archives D/McD/. publication are to be commended for making Also cf. Denis F.McDaid,‘Villa Irlanda during the war’, The Coelian (), pp –, –. available this valuable archival resource which IRISH COLLEGE, offers a wealth of insights into the experiences of Jacket design: space.ie this Irish clerical community in Rome and AND illuminates the contribution of its members to ROME ITSWORLD the Irish mission during the seventeenth century.’ www.fourcourtspress.ie Mary Ann Lyons, EDITORS Dáire Keogh & Albert McDonnell Irish Historical Studies, May 2005 I N ITS AND THE IRISH COLLEGE,ROME 1628–1678: EDMUND RICE (1762-1844) AND THE RISH an early manuscript account of the foundation FIRST CHRISTIAN BROTHERS T HE and development of the Ludovisian College of 13-17 Rome.qxd 4/20/08 12:00 PM Page 269 Dáire Keogh the Irish in Rome Edited Albert McDonnell, published by the In 1944, W.T. Cosgrave described the Pontifical Irish College, Rome Christian Brothers as ‘Ireland’s gift to The archives of the Pontifical Irish College, Rome  civilization’. More recently, a former C ‘This particularly handsome volume, published government minister called them ‘a shower exists.That there is a need for transparent and well-kept archives need not be to celebrate the 375th anniversary of the stressed, but one plain instance of ‘data abuse’ of  illustrates this tenet: OLLEGE of savage bastards’. This history aims to get THE W Cardinal Mario Marefoschi, about to conduct a visitation in the college, was foundation of the Ludovisian Irish College in beyond these stereotypical representations allegedly informed by students that Rector Petrelli had been tampering with the Rome, features an account of the college’s first of Edmund Rice and the first generation IRISH COLLEGE, ROME archives. On the alert, the rector took some records to his room prior to the fifty years. In this book an edited transcript of visitation and refused to have them examined. He was to be the last of the Jesuit ORLD the original Latin text, prepared by Monsignor Christian Brothers, to see them as they AND ITS WORLD rectors.Whether this be true or merely a fabrication assisting the end of Jesuit saw themselves and were understood by administration, it is certainly a cautionary tale against withholding or misusing John J. Hanly, is presented alongside the first- their contemporaries. It goes beyond administrational documents. ever English translation by the classics scholar An Irish College was established in Rome in 1628 in order to It is hard to say when external interest in the historical part of the archives hagiography, and interprets the Brothers Declan Lawell. The first chapter details the prepare priests for the Irish mission. As part of an elaborate began, though it seems that the first to consult the rectors’ correspondence were circumstances surrounding the foundation of the within context, against the background of Irish and British colonial dioceses in the process of writing histories of their network of such colleges across the continent, the Irish College churches. Even in the s the archivist erred on the side of caution in allowing college in 1628 by Cardinal Ludovico Ludovisi, Catholic Emancipation, the modernization R  nephew of Gregory XV, and traces its of Irish society and the fashioning of the was always more than a seminary; it served as an ‘embassy’ and access, the nominal closure date for records being put at . In recent times focus of Irish Catholic interests in Rome and remained such until and in an increased climate of confidence, Irish church archives have been in the development in the early years while it was church according to the norms of the OME forefront of opening their doors to researchers on more recent history,applying under the direction of the Franciscans. The Council of Trent. the 20th century when Ireland established formal diplomatic the thirty-years rule. text is complemented by a very fine history of relations with the Holy See. This collection illustrates that dual Over the course of the last century there has been much activity, if never consistent for the lack of resources, in arranging and cataloguing particularly the the college during the period 1625-1690 by the role; based upon the archival holdings of the College it presents rectors’ files. Over and above this, a certain degree of ‘antiquarian’ interest in the Revd Dr Thomas O’Connor. His rich synthesis an insight into the history of the Irish College and its complex archives was also taken by staff: Rector Michael O’Riordan worked and read in of archival and historiographical material forms , the archives for a period in the summer of , for instance: he refers to world. classifying ‘that heap of correspondence’ which amounts to ‘an ugly (and) tedious the backdrop to the narrative of the college’s work’, as well as reading for leisure. Likewise the (then) Vice-rector M.J. Curran historical evolution in an era of profound in  paid particular attention to the account books of the early seventeenth Dáire Keogh & Albert McDonnell religious reform and revival both on the century, proving that they can give facts where other sources fail or have not continent and in Ireland, thereby deepening the Dáire Keogh lectures in St Patrick’s College Drumcondra and survived. The medieval manuscript fragments aroused interest without, however, reader’s appreciation of the significance of the Albert McDonnell is vice-rector of the Irish College Rome. steps being taken to conserve them, certainly again for lack of resources. Handwritten notes were found dispersed among them from Fathers Michael J. college’s foundation. Equally impressive is Curran and Eric MacFhinn (Eric Fair): in a few instances the latter consulted a Monsignor Hanly’s scholarly introduction to the Vatican library expert on provenance, script and date of specific fragments. manuscript history and his explanatory notes on

The jacket design incorporates a drawing by Patricia Hakim, of the Pontifical EDITORS the text. The volume is enhanced by the Irish College.  See Patrick Devitt,‘The Irish College under the Jesuits (–)’, The Coelian (), pp –, , .  See Clare Carroll’s discussion of Marefoschi’s claims against the Jesuits incorporation of several beautifully reproduced elsewhere in this volume.  PICR Archives, O’Riordan to Hagan HAG // of  colour plates and a comprehensive index. June ;HAG // of  June ,HAG / /  of  July  – stating that his illness has caused him to stay away from serious studies so that he reads desultorily in the archives instead. HeT tellsHE Hagan of having found proof that in  the Jesuits nearly came ‘All involved in the production of this back to running the College – some students reported vice-rector Dr O’Connor to Cardinal Weld:‘we are great nationalists!’ ( July ).  PICR Archives ‘V. R.’ [M. J. Curran] publication are to be commended for making ‘College accounts’, Manuscript Journal () no. , –; this is dated  January . available this valuable archival resource which IRISH COLLEGE, offers a wealth of insights into the experiences of Jacket design: space.ie this Irish clerical community in Rome and AND illuminates the contribution of its members to ROME ITSWORLD the Irish mission during the seventeenth century.’ www.fourcourtspress.ie Mary Ann Lyons, EDITORS Dáire Keogh & Albert McDonnell Irish Historical Studies, May 2005 I N ITS AND THE IRISH COLLEGE,ROME 1628–1678: EDMUND RICE (1762-1844) AND THE RISH an early manuscript account of the foundation FIRST CHRISTIAN BROTHERS T HE and development of the Ludovisian College of 13-17 Rome.qxd 4/20/08 12:00 PM Page 270 Dáire Keogh the Irish in Rome Edited Albert McDonnell, published by the In 1944, W.T. Cosgrave described the Pontifical Irish College, Rome Christian Brothers as ‘Ireland’s gift to  Vera Orschel civilization’. More recently, a former C ‘This particularly handsome volume, published government minister called them ‘a shower HOLDINGS to celebrate the 375th anniversary of the OLLEGE of savage bastards’. This history aims to get THE W Media and catalogue access The greatest part of the written records in our foundation of the Ludovisian Irish College in beyond these stereotypical representations possession are on paper; only the medieval manuscripts ( ff.) are on vellum.All Rome, features an account of the college’s first of Edmund Rice and the first generation IRISH COLLEGE, ROME photographic images are on paper supports, excepting a few negatives and two fifty years. In this book an edited transcript of reels of moving images; some audio-and video-tape has recently been added ORLD the original Latin text, prepared by Monsignor Christian Brothers, to see them as they AND ITS WORLD (from private legacies). Digital media so far only comprises surrogate copies of saw themselves and were understood by correspondence files and of photographs – a digitisation project is underway to John J. Hanly, is presented alongside the first- their contemporaries. It goes beyond make the rectors’ correspondence of the nineteenth – and eventually also ever English translation by the classics scholar An Irish College was established in Rome in 1628 in order to twentieth-century more easily available. Previously,surrogate copies of the same Declan Lawell. The first chapter details the hagiography, and interprets the Brothers  prepare priests for the Irish mission. As part of an elaborate files had been obtained on microfilm in the s.Above these different media circumstances surrounding the foundation of the within context, against the background of of word and image, the archives hold some newspaper and a number of artefacts network of such colleges across the continent, the Irish College including reliquaries, memorabilia, and the personal effects of former staff and college in 1628 by Cardinal Ludovico Ludovisi,

Catholic Emancipation, the modernization R students. nephew of Gregory XV, and traces its of Irish society and the fashioning of the was always more than a seminary; it served as an ‘embassy’ and Complete inventories of the archives existed in , in , and John J. development in the early years while it was focus of Irish Catholic interests in Rome and remained such until  church according to the norms of the OME  Silke began compiling a new inventory around . The present complete under the direction of the Franciscans. The Council of Trent. the 20th century when Ireland established formal diplomatic inventory runs into over sixty pages but includes many items not strictly archival. text is complemented by a very fine history of relations with the Holy See. This collection illustrates that dual On the more detailed level of archival finding aids we have handwritten and typescript catalogues for the rectors’ correspondence from Cullen to O’Riordan; the college during the period 1625-1690 by the role; based upon the archival holdings of the College it presents the catalogue project for Hagan’s papers should be completed in . Revd Dr Thomas O’Connor. His rich synthesis an insight into the history of the Irish College and its complex of archival and historiographical material forms , Institutional records The institutional part of the archives takes up about two world. thirds of the whole, consisting of accounts, the rectors’ correspondence the backdrop to the narrative of the college’s collections, students and personnel files, documentation on the college itself historical evolution in an era of profound (mostly photos and film), Monsignor McDaid’s College War Diary,and agency Dáire Keogh & Albert McDonnell religious reform and revival both on the lists (tasks carried out at the Curia for the Irish clergy); the first are worth continent and in Ireland, thereby deepening the Dáire Keogh lectures in St Patrick’s College Drumcondra and commenting on in detail. Albert McDonnell is vice-rector of the Irish College Rome. The earliest institutional material we possess for the seventeenth and reader’s appreciation of the significance of the eighteenth centuries is now largely bound into twenty-eight volumes; this covers college’s foundation. Equally impressive is the period  to . Called ‘Jesuit files’ for dealing with the entire period Monsignor Hanly’s scholarly introduction to the   of Jesuit administration – , they are of great value for the college’s own manuscript history and his explanatory notes on history,containing correspondence between college staff and Vatican officials or The jacket design incorporates a drawing by Patricia Hakim, of the Pontifical EDITORS the text. The volume is enhanced by the Irish College. clergy in Ireland, memoranda, instructions for banks, bills and receipts and other book-keeping documents. Most importantly,it holds the Fundatio et Progressus incorporation of several beautifully reproduced Collegii Ludovisiani Hibernorum de Urbe, probably by James Reilly SJ. It is only colour plates and a comprehensive index.

 A manuscript reportT HEfrom Rector Michael Kelly of  August  quoted by Fr J.J. Silke in draft reports on the archives c.; McDaid,‘Villa Irlanda’, p. .  PICR Archives MSS ‘All involved in the production of this –/libri –; some loose seventeenth and eighteenth-century material has never been publication are to be commended for making     bound. Albert McDonnell (ed.), The Irish College, Rome, – (Rome, ). available this valuable archival resource which IRISH COLLEGE, offers a wealth of insights into the experiences of Jacket design: space.ie this Irish clerical community in Rome and AND illuminates the contribution of its members to ROME ITSWORLD the Irish mission during the seventeenth century.’ www.fourcourtspress.ie Mary Ann Lyons, EDITORS Dáire Keogh & Albert McDonnell Irish Historical Studies, May 2005 I N ITS AND THE IRISH COLLEGE,ROME 1628–1678: EDMUND RICE (1762-1844) AND THE RISH an early manuscript account of the foundation FIRST CHRISTIAN BROTHERS T HE and development of the Ludovisian College of 13-17 Rome.qxd 4/20/08 12:00 PM Page 271 Dáire Keogh the Irish in Rome Edited Albert McDonnell, published by the In 1944, W.T. Cosgrave described the Pontifical Irish College, Rome Christian Brothers as ‘Ireland’s gift to The archives of the Pontifical Irish College, Rome  civilization’. More recently, a former C ‘This particularly handsome volume, published government minister called them ‘a shower now, with a list compiled by Monsignor John J. Hanly, historian, editor of St to celebrate the 375th anniversary of the Oliver Plunkett’s letters and former rector of the Irish College, that this material OLLEGE  of savage bastards’. This history aims to get THE W can be searched in any way effectively. foundation of the Ludovisian Irish College in beyond these stereotypical representations Around a third of the institutional part of the archives (well over a quarter of Rome, features an account of the college’s first of Edmund Rice and the first generation IRISH COLLEGE, ROME the whole) is made up of accountancy files; from the time of foundation up to fifty years. In this book an edited transcript of now about six different series can be distinguished. There are  volumes of ORLD the original Latin text, prepared by Monsignor Christian Brothers, to see them as they AND ITS WORLD various sizes, including the most consistent series comprising over fifty heavy saw themselves and were understood by bundles of end-of-year ‘Filze di giustificazioni’. None of these are complete, but John J. Hanly, is presented alongside the first- their contemporaries. It goes beyond the college’s economy of successive administrations could still be followed to ever English translation by the classics scholar An Irish College was established in Rome in 1628 in order to some degree of detail from  onwards. In each series we find daybooks and hagiography, and interprets the Brothers Declan Lawell. The first chapter details the prepare priests for the Irish mission. As part of an elaborate end-of-year ledgers, expenses of particular staff and students, as well as special circumstances surrounding the foundation of the within context, against the background of accounts such as income from students’ burses, from mass intentions, and from network of such colleges across the continent, the Irish College other resources. That these cannot be neglected for the college’s economic college in 1628 by Cardinal Ludovico Ludovisi, Catholic Emancipation, the modernization R nephew of Gregory XV, and traces its of Irish society and the fashioning of the was always more than a seminary; it served as an ‘embassy’ and history is clear, but their further interest was demonstrated by Vice-rector focus of Irish Catholic interests in Rome and remained such until Michael J. Curran who, on searching accounts material in the Jesuit volumes, development in the early years while it was church according to the norms of the OME  ascertained the disputed date of the first rector Eugene Callanan’s death as under the direction of the Franciscans. The Council of Trent. the 20th century when Ireland established formal diplomatic July . In addition, they and the preceding twenty-eight volumes can be the text is complemented by a very fine history of relations with the Holy See. This collection illustrates that dual only remaining alley to take when looking for students, for the time before rolls survive consistently in . the college during the period 1625-1690 by the role; based upon the archival holdings of the College it presents About a third of the archives as a whole is made up of the rectors’ Revd Dr Thomas O’Connor. His rich synthesis an insight into the history of the Irish College and its complex correspondence – the series which draw the majority of the researchers coming  of archival and historiographical material forms , to the archives.They are mostly arranged chronologically , and are consulted for world. their wide-ranging points of reference which outreach by far the administrative the backdrop to the narrative of the college’s role the rectors played as agents of the Irish bishops (in Ireland and in British historical evolution in an era of profound colonies) from Cullen’s time to the appointment of Ireland’s first papal nuncio Dáire Keogh & Albert McDonnell religious reform and revival both on the in . Certainly, the above-mentioned Jesuit volumes contain some corre- continent and in Ireland, thereby deepening the Dáire Keogh lectures in St Patrick’s College Drumcondra and spondence with Irish College staff between  and , and likewise there reader’s appreciation of the significance of the Albert McDonnell is vice-rector of the Irish College Rome. are around ninety items of correspondence belonging to the period – college’s foundation. Equally impressive is Monsignor Hanly’s scholarly introduction to the  We hope that this inventory, at present incomplete, will be published in due course.  There are two complementary account books at the Franciscan archives, Dún Mhuire, manuscript history and his explanatory notes on

The jacket design incorporates a drawing by Patricia Hakim, of the Pontifical EDITORS Killiney (Mss.FLK , ), covering the period – – cf. John J. Hanly,‘Sources for the the text. The volume is enhanced by the Irish College. history of the Irish College, Rome’, Irish Ecclesiastical Record  () series , pp –,at .These belonged to St Isidore’s,Rome, but date to a time when the students of the newly- incorporation of several beautifully reproduced founded Irish College attended classes there, giving rise to extra expenses. I am grateful to colour plates and a comprehensive index. Father Ignatius Fennessy,Franciscan Library,Dún Mhuire, Killiney,for comments.The College archives possess copies on microfilm.  Cf. note .  An unknown agency separated some letters of Cullen’sTHE correspondence for their origin, albeit not consistently (America, ‘All involved in the production of this Bishop O’Connell of Pittsburgh). Also, a considerable section of the New Collection is undated and was arranged by name, and then by theme (agency records, lecture notes, publication are to be commended for making devotions, spiritual direction). available this valuable archival resource which IRISH COLLEGE, offers a wealth of insights into the experiences of Jacket design: space.ie this Irish clerical community in Rome and AND illuminates the contribution of its members to ROME ITSWORLD the Irish mission during the seventeenth century.’ www.fourcourtspress.ie Mary Ann Lyons, EDITORS Dáire Keogh & Albert McDonnell Irish Historical Studies, May 2005 I N ITS AND THE IRISH COLLEGE,ROME 1628–1678: EDMUND RICE (1762-1844) AND THE RISH an early manuscript account of the foundation FIRST CHRISTIAN BROTHERS T HE and development of the Ludovisian College of 13-17 Rome.qxd 4/20/08 12:00 PM Page 272 Dáire Keogh the Irish in Rome Edited Albert McDonnell, published by the In 1944, W.T. Cosgrave described the Pontifical Irish College, Rome Christian Brothers as ‘Ireland’s gift to  Vera Orschel civilization’. More recently, a former C ‘This particularly handsome volume, published in the later series, it is since Cullen’s vice-rectorship that the incoming mail has government minister called them ‘a shower   to celebrate the 375th anniversary of the

OLLEGE been kept systematically. There are approximately , items in these of savage bastards’. This history aims to get THE W collections from  to the present day.As for languages, well over  per cent foundation of the Ludovisian Irish College in beyond these stereotypical representations of the correspondence is in English, a certain amount is in Italian, fewer items Rome, features an account of the college’s first of Edmund Rice and the first generation IRISH COLLEGE, ROME are in Latin and less again in French. Only the odd item exists in Irish, where for fifty years. In this book an edited transcript of instance an avid Gaelgeoir cousin of Rector Hagan’s, Sister Mary Celsus (‘Vi’), ORLD Christian Brothers, to see them as they  the original Latin text, prepared by Monsignor AND ITS WORLD writes him teasingly and proudly in a language she takes pains to master. The saw themselves and were understood by collections contain mostly incoming mail, but since a letter writer tailors his John J. Hanly, is presented alongside the first- words, to varying degrees, to the recipient, we can very often see a rector’s own ever English translation by the classics scholar their contemporaries. It goes beyond An Irish College was established in Rome in 1628 in order to hagiography, and interprets the Brothers views and character as reflected in a letter. Declan Lawell. The first chapter details the prepare priests for the Irish mission. As part of an elaborate Nearly half of the correspondence dates to the nineteenth century and to the circumstances surrounding the foundation of the within context, against the background of important rectorships of Paul Cullen (archbishop of Dublin , cardinal ) network of such colleges across the continent, the Irish College and Tobias Kirby (titular archbishop of Ephesus ).The reasons why these college in 1628 by Cardinal Ludovico Ludovisi, Catholic Emancipation, the modernization R nephew of Gregory XV, and traces its of Irish society and the fashioning of the was always more than a seminary; it served as an ‘embassy’ and correspondence files bulk so large were given by Patrick Corish as firstly, the focus of Irish Catholic interests in Rome and remained such until revolutionary development of communications during the nineteenth century, development in the early years while it was church according to the norms of the OME and secondly,the increase of ‘Roman business’ through the national churches’ under the direction of the Franciscans. The Council of Trent. the 20th century when Ireland established formal diplomatic greater emphasis on the role of the papacy when ancien régimes throughout  text is complemented by a very fine history of relations with the Holy See. This collection illustrates that dual Europe were under threat. Beyond the rectors’ official agency,which caused them to intervene at the Curia for the hierarchy,secular or religious clergy,and the college during the period 1625-1690 by the role; based upon the archival holdings of the College it presents beyond matters concerning the students (admissions, references, dimissorial Revd Dr Thomas O’Connor. His rich synthesis an insight into the history of the Irish College and its complex letters), the Irish College was also naturally a centre for Irish exiles and a of archival and historiographical material forms , world. destination for lay people on pilgrimage, as well as a point of reference for the backdrop to the narrative of the college’s devotional requests. With that regard, letters written requesting an agency, expressing gratitude for tasks carried out and favours obtained, or simply letters historical evolution in an era of profound

Dáire Keogh & Albert McDonnell from family,friends, and past students, will usually reflect on the conditions at religious reform and revival both on the Dáire Keogh lectures in St Patrick’s College Drumcondra and home – however cursorily, and depending on the correspondent’s familiarity continent and in Ireland, thereby deepening the with the rector. The Irish community in Rome comes to life when passing reader’s appreciation of the significance of the Albert McDonnell is vice-rector of the Irish College Rome. visitors or former residents of Rome write back to the rector, thanking him for past kindness. In May , Hagan finds it necessary to defend the college’s college’s foundation. Equally impressive is tradition of keeping an open house daily for Irish people of all political couleurs Monsignor Hanly’s scholarly introduction to the at tea-time: any subject was open here for discussion if not for hot-headed manuscript history and his explanatory notes on    The jacket design incorporates a drawing by Patricia Hakim, of the Pontifical EDITORS debate. A big section (around , items) pertains to Tobias Kirby’s vice the text. The volume is enhanced by the rectorship and rectorship after Cullen’s departure (–); the catalogue for Irish College. incorporation of several beautifully reproduced colour plates and a comprehensive index.   items in the New Collection, PICR Archives PCUL/NC/–.  E.g. PICR Archives HAG //,HAG //. It is in the students’ annuals, the Manuscript Journals discussedT below,HE that more Irish material can be found.  See Patrick J. Corish, ‘All involved in the production of this ‘Tobias Kirby’, The Coelian (), pp –.  PICR Archives  May ;HAG //. The coadjutor Bishop Downey of Ossory had brought back home tales of publication are to be commended for making students openly criticising the Irish hierarchy and of a general politicization of the College. available this valuable archival resource which IRISH COLLEGE, offers a wealth of insights into the experiences of Jacket design: space.ie this Irish clerical community in Rome and AND illuminates the contribution of its members to ROME ITSWORLD the Irish mission during the seventeenth century.’ www.fourcourtspress.ie Mary Ann Lyons, EDITORS Dáire Keogh & Albert McDonnell Irish Historical Studies, May 2005 I N ITS AND THE IRISH COLLEGE,ROME 1628–1678: EDMUND RICE (1762-1844) AND THE RISH an early manuscript account of the foundation FIRST CHRISTIAN BROTHERS T HE and development of the Ludovisian College of 13-17 Rome.qxd 4/20/08 12:00 PM Page 273 Dáire Keogh the Irish in Rome Edited Albert McDonnell, published by the In 1944, W.T. Cosgrave described the Pontifical Irish College, Rome Christian Brothers as ‘Ireland’s gift to The archives of the Pontifical Irish College, Rome  civilization’. More recently, a former C ‘This particularly handsome volume, published Kirby’s papers runs into ten volumes, but about one third of his papers are government minister called them ‘a shower  to celebrate the 375th anniversary of the uncatalogued. Patrick Corish has judged him ‘the soul of discretion’ and ‘a OLLEGE of savage bastards’. This history aims to get THE W good man for a bishop to trust his affairs to’, and two scholars deal with the man foundation of the Ludovisian Irish College in beyond these stereotypical representations and the documents elsewhere in this volume. ‘An almost compulsive keeper of Rome, features an account of the college’s first of Edmund Rice and the first generation IRISH COLLEGE, ROME letters’, two of the most important men of his correspondence were Cardinal fifty years. In this book an edited transcript of Paul Cullen himself and Archbishop William Walsh of Dublin. The latter was ORLD the original Latin text, prepared by Monsignor Christian Brothers, to see them as they AND ITS WORLD still corresponding with Rectors O’Riordan (–) and Hagan (–) saw themselves and were understood by during their periods of tenure. John J. Hanly, is presented alongside the first- their contemporaries. It goes beyond Letters are historically very valuable sources, as borne out by the essays in this ever English translation by the classics scholar An Irish College was established in Rome in 1628 in order to volume, but it should be added that they are valuable for both their literal hagiography, and interprets the Brothers Declan Lawell. The first chapter details the prepare priests for the Irish mission. As part of an elaborate content and for style and physical appearance.Three items could be taken out of circumstances surrounding the foundation of the within context, against the background of their context to illustrate that: Oliver Plunkett writes in a bold hand, if humbly, network of such colleges across the continent, the Irish College to the Jesuit superior general in Rome in , asking to be exempted from his college in 1628 by Cardinal Ludovico Ludovisi, Catholic Emancipation, the modernization R was always more than a seminary; it served as an ‘embassy’ and oath to return to Ireland for the time being because of the impossibility of nephew of Gregory XV, and traces its of Irish society and the fashioning of the  focus of Irish Catholic interests in Rome and remained such until returning to penal-day Ireland. Chaplain John Miley writes from Genoa in development in the early years while it was church according to the norms of the OME  to Rector Cullen, filling the sheet of paper in miniature scriptto the last under the direction of the Franciscans. The Council of Trent. the 20th century when Ireland established formal diplomatic corner, describing Daniel O’Connell’s last hours and death at Genoa, when he  text is complemented by a very fine history of relations with the Holy See. This collection illustrates that dual bequeathed his heart to Rome. George Gavan Duffy writes in  as diplomatic attaché from the Peace Conference in Paris to Rector Hagan, using the college during the period 1625-1690 by the role; based upon the archival holdings of the College it presents a printed letterhead with ‘Délégation du Gouvernement Provisoire de la Revd Dr Thomas O’Connor. His rich synthesis an insight into the history of the Irish College and its complex République Irlandaise’ where the uncertain ‘provisoire’ is crossed out by hand  of archival and historiographical material forms , and substituted by the assertive ‘élu’. world. Another point worth making about letters in general is that considered the backdrop to the narrative of the college’s statements usually vie with casual remarks which are valuable for their lack of historical evolution in an era of profound reflection and which can light up the contemporary situation back home, Dáire Keogh & Albert McDonnell religious reform and revival both on the whether in Ireland or in one of those British colonies with a great number of continent and in Ireland, thereby deepening the Dáire Keogh lectures in St Patrick’s College Drumcondra and Irish. In complementing the larger themes discussed in this volume some reader’s appreciation of the significance of the Albert McDonnell is vice-rector of the Irish College Rome. random documents could be lit up out of context: an English lady corre- spondent of Rector Tobias Kirby,E.C. Nimmo – a convert – asks for a few kind college’s foundation. Equally impressive is Monsignor Hanly’s scholarly introduction to the

 Only a quarter of the so-called New (or Manly) Collection has been listed – this collection manuscript history and his explanatory notes on

The jacket design incorporates a drawing by Patricia Hakim, of the Pontifical EDITORS had been separated from the original Cullen and Kirby correspondence and taken by Bishop the text. The volume is enhanced by the Irish College. Patrick F. Moran to Sydney,Australia for the purpose of writing a biography of Cardinal Cullen; they were returned in the s. Patrick Corish prepared a selective catalogue ‘of incorporation of several beautifully reproduced public and political interest’ in ‘Irish College, Rome: Kirby Papers’, Archivium Hibernicum – colour plates and a comprehensive index. (–), pp –/–/–. He judged only few of the New Collection items valuable for his purposes.  Patrick Corish, ‘Irish College, Rome: Kirby Papers’, Arch. Hib.,  (), pp –T, at HE; and Corish ‘Tobias Kirby’, p. .  Ibid.,‘Tobias Kirby’, p. . ‘All involved in the production of this   June ; PICR Archives MSS –/liber xii – r.   May ; PICR Archives CUL/.   April ; PICR Archives HAG // . Gavan Duffy writes that publication are to be commended for making ‘Seán T.[Ó Ceallaigh]’s hard work is gradually penetrating the anglo-seasoned pachyderm of available this valuable archival resource which IRISH COLLEGE, offers a wealth of insights into the experiences of Jacket design: space.ie this Irish clerical community in Rome and AND illuminates the contribution of its members to ROME ITSWORLD the Irish mission during the seventeenth century.’ www.fourcourtspress.ie Mary Ann Lyons, EDITORS Dáire Keogh & Albert McDonnell Irish Historical Studies, May 2005 I N ITS AND THE IRISH COLLEGE,ROME 1628–1678: EDMUND RICE (1762-1844) AND THE RISH an early manuscript account of the foundation FIRST CHRISTIAN BROTHERS T HE and development of the Ludovisian College of 13-17 Rome.qxd 4/20/08 12:00 PM Page 274 Dáire Keogh the Irish in Rome Edited Albert McDonnell, published by the In 1944, W.T. Cosgrave described the Pontifical Irish College, Rome Christian Brothers as ‘Ireland’s gift to  Vera Orschel civilization’. More recently, a former C ‘This particularly handsome volume, published words from the pope appreciating her cousin Gladstone’s work for Ireland, government minister called them ‘a shower  to celebrate the 375th anniversary of the because of ‘William’s great respect for His Holiness’. Michael O’Riordan OLLEGE of savage bastards’. This history aims to get THE W writes from St Munchin’s, Limerick, to Rector Kirby, commenting on the foundation of the Ludovisian Irish College in beyond these stereotypical representations Freeman’s Journal’s unscrupulous means of supporting Parnell – not two decades Rome, features an account of the college’s first of Edmund Rice and the first generation IRISH COLLEGE, ROME later when O’Riordan himself is rector he offers (in letters to Vice-rector Hagan) fifty years. In this book an edited transcript of witty,at times acerbic observations on current affairs – his affectionate observations ORLD the original Latin text, prepared by Monsignor Christian Brothers, to see them as they AND ITS WORLD on their students – then always ‘i giovani’ – are no less critical. In May  an saw themselves and were understood by employee of Gill’s the publishers adds in a rushed P.S. to Rector John Hagan that John J. Hanly, is presented alongside the first- their contemporaries. It goes beyond ‘our fine Custom House was completely burnt out yesterday’ while Seán T.Ó ever English translation by the classics scholar An Irish College was established in Rome in 1628 in order to Ceallaigh, Paris, regrets the burning which must have been a military necessity. hagiography, and interprets the Brothers Declan Lawell. The first chapter details the prepare priests for the Irish mission. As part of an elaborate Also, past students often write back to their Alma Mater giving impressions from circumstances surrounding the foundation of the within context, against the background of their missions:Thomas Moloney,a chaplain on the Crimea in the s, writes network of such colleges across the continent, the Irish College two letters to Rector Kirby from Constantinople and from Sebastopol, listing college in 1628 by Cardinal Ludovico Ludovisi, Catholic Emancipation, the modernization R was always more than a seminary; it served as an ‘embassy’ and the awful casualties around him and employing the language of his time for the nephew of Gregory XV, and traces its of Irish society and the fashioning of the  focus of Irish Catholic interests in Rome and remained such until ill deeds which brought this calamity on England. It is the unstudied quality of development in the early years while it was church according to the norms of the OME much in these letters that adds local colour and poignancy to moments in the under the direction of the Franciscans. The Council of Trent. the 20th century when Ireland established formal diplomatic past. For these reasons our collections are historically of such interest. text is complemented by a very fine history of relations with the Holy See. This collection illustrates that dual As for the students and personnel files, only two series are consulted on a regular basis, and mostly by those interested in family or diocesan history,and by the college during the period 1625-1690 by the role; based upon the archival holdings of the College it presents former alumni. They are, firstly, the older of the two Register Books and, Revd Dr Thomas O’Connor. His rich synthesis an insight into the history of the Irish College and its complex secondly,the  volumes of the students’ Manuscript Journals (–).The of archival and historiographical material forms , Register Book spans a period of nearly two centuries, beginning with an entry world. on Patritius Dogherty on  October , and finishing in . It gives the the backdrop to the narrative of the college’s usual anagraphic details about student residents, adding the academic progress historical evolution in an era of profound made, and in some cases the annotationes contain sketches of the student’s later Dáire Keogh & Albert McDonnell religious reform and revival both on the  career or, very rarely,comment on his person. The Manuscript Journals are for continent and in Ireland, thereby deepening the Dáire Keogh lectures in St Patrick’s College Drumcondra and the most part made up of handwritten and pasted articles by students and staff reader’s appreciation of the significance of the Albert McDonnell is vice-rector of the Irish College Rome. on seminary life, current affairs, college history,with philosophical musings, and a number of photographic and other graphic enclosures. In the early twentieth college’s foundation. Equally impressive is century these were complemented by short-lived Irish language journals but Monsignor Hanly’s scholarly introduction to the throughout the earlier decades there is a certain amount of contributions in manuscript history and his explanatory notes on Irish.Though much encouraged as an ‘on-campus language’ in the first part of The jacket design incorporates a drawing by Patricia Hakim, of the Pontifical EDITORS the text. The volume is enhanced by the the twentieth century, the language naturally had no great chance abroad as Irish College. incorporation of several beautifully reproduced colour plates and a comprehensive index. opinion here’.  PICR Archives KIR/NC/ N/ – no date.  PICR Archives KIR/ NC//O/ – no date [c.] judging that ‘all the thinking people of the country are dead against him, withT veryHE few exceptions’.  PICR Archives HAG / /  and . ‘All involved in the production of this   May []; PICR Archives KIR/NC/M/ :‘[in the past] England has sinned. She has done evil before the Lord. She has persecuted the chaste immaculate spouse of Christ, the publication are to be commended for making Holy Catholic Church, and she is now paying for it …’  Cf. the appreciative article in The available this valuable archival resource which IRISH COLLEGE, offers a wealth of insights into the experiences of Jacket design: space.ie this Irish clerical community in Rome and AND illuminates the contribution of its members to ROME ITSWORLD the Irish mission during the seventeenth century.’ www.fourcourtspress.ie Mary Ann Lyons, EDITORS Dáire Keogh & Albert McDonnell Irish Historical Studies, May 2005 I N ITS AND THE IRISH COLLEGE,ROME 1628–1678: EDMUND RICE (1762-1844) AND THE RISH an early manuscript account of the foundation FIRST CHRISTIAN BROTHERS T HE and development of the Ludovisian College of 13-17 Rome.qxd 4/20/08 12:00 PM Page 275 Dáire Keogh the Irish in Rome Edited Albert McDonnell, published by the In 1944, W.T. Cosgrave described the Pontifical Irish College, Rome Christian Brothers as ‘Ireland’s gift to The archives of the Pontifical Irish College, Rome  civilization’. More recently, a former C ‘This particularly handsome volume, published government minister called them ‘a shower exigencies of local vernacular and the classical linguistic curriculum at university to celebrate the 375th anniversary of the made themselves felt. OLLEGE of savage bastards’. This history aims to get THE W Various series of photographs document the college’s history from the early foundation of the Ludovisian Irish College in beyond these stereotypical representations twentieth century,although there are only very few images of the premises on Rome, features an account of the college’s first  of Edmund Rice and the first generation IRISH COLLEGE, ROME Via Mazzarino. For the purpose of this discussion the photographs that were fifty years. In this book an edited transcript of in private possession of college residents are dealt with below as non-institutional ORLD the original Latin text, prepared by Monsignor Christian Brothers, to see them as they AND ITS WORLD material. Usually the photographs , beginning with the rectorship of Michael saw themselves and were understood by O’Riordan, document particular events such as visits from members of the Irish John J. Hanly, is presented alongside the first- their contemporaries. It goes beyond government, events such as Pope John Paul II’s visit to the college in , ever English translation by the classics scholar An Irish College was established in Rome in 1628 in order to Eucharistic Congresses or national pilgrimages, but also conferences such as that Declan Lawell. The first chapter details the hagiography, and interprets the Brothers   prepare priests for the Irish mission. As part of an elaborate held to commemorate the college’s th anniversary in .There are also circumstances surrounding the foundation of the within context, against the background of images of students’ ordinations, but in order to illustrate seminary life it is best to network of such colleges across the continent, the Irish College turn to the photographic enclosures in the Manuscript Journals, to Rector college in 1628 by Cardinal Ludovico Ludovisi, Catholic Emancipation, the modernization R nephew of Gregory XV, and traces its of Irish society and the fashioning of the was always more than a seminary; it served as an ‘embassy’ and Curran’s (private) collection, or for a short glimpse to two films made in the focus of Irish Catholic interests in Rome and remained such until mid-s. development in the early years while it was church according to the norms of the OME  These films were made in , the year before the college moved to its under the direction of the Franciscans. The Council of Trent. the 20th century when Ireland established formal diplomatic present location on Via Santi Quattro Coronati.They were scanned from their text is complemented by a very fine history of relations with the Holy See. This collection illustrates that dual original reels and run into five and three minutes respectively, showing the construction site, visited by rector and vice rector as well as visiting Irish prelates the college during the period 1625-1690 by the role; based upon the archival holdings of the College it presents who were in Rome for the Holy Year, and then featuring the Villa Greci at Revd Dr Thomas O’Connor. His rich synthesis an insight into the history of the Irish College and its complex Tivoli (the college’s summer retreat) with Irish clergy,the year’s class of students of archival and historiographical material forms , and visiting students from the German-Hungarian college. The decision to world. deploy this still avantgarde medium at the time is a comment on the lengthy fund- the backdrop to the narrative of the college’s raising and lobbying process that led to the building of the present college. historical evolution in an era of profound One other institutional record warrants mention, namely Monsignor Dáire Keogh & Albert McDonnell religious reform and revival both on the McDaid’s ‘College War Diary’ (–). Rector McDaid conceived it at the continent and in Ireland, thereby deepening the Dáire Keogh lectures in St Patrick’s College Drumcondra and beginning of his rectorship to instruct future rectors and staff but events gave it reader’s appreciation of the significance of the Albert McDonnell is vice-rector of the Irish College Rome. a different character.A detailed log, with some contemporary cuttings and fliers, it is an important document for the history of the college and of the wider Irish college’s foundation. Equally impressive is community in Rome with some compelling insights into the diplomatic activity Monsignor Hanly’s scholarly introduction to the of the time. It is a sign of the times that McDaid – of the Derry diocese – manuscript history and his explanatory notes on expressed in his foreword the strong wish that a successor and ‘the child of a The jacket design incorporates a drawing by Patricia Hakim, of the Pontifical EDITORS  the text. The volume is enhanced by the more Gaelic Ireland [will] surely adapt the ancient tongue of our Race’. Irish College. incorporation of several beautifully reproduced colour plates and a comprehensive index. Coelian (/), pp –.  These are in Curran’s private collection.  The man behind the camera was Father R. Ranaghan of the Maynooth Mission to China, practised by making documentaryT HEfilms on the missions, in Rome while preparing his Mission’s ‘All involved in the production of this contribution to the Vatican Missionary Exhibition for the Holy Year. Cf. PICR Archives  September ;HAG / / ; Manuscript Journal .  D/McD/. Monsignor publication are to be commended for making McDaid presumably drew on this diary when writing ‘The College in the Crucible’ for The available this valuable archival resource which IRISH COLLEGE, offers a wealth of insights into the experiences of Jacket design: space.ie this Irish clerical community in Rome and AND illuminates the contribution of its members to ROME ITSWORLD the Irish mission during the seventeenth century.’ www.fourcourtspress.ie Mary Ann Lyons, EDITORS Dáire Keogh & Albert McDonnell Irish Historical Studies, May 2005 I N ITS AND THE IRISH COLLEGE,ROME 1628–1678: EDMUND RICE (1762-1844) AND THE RISH an early manuscript account of the foundation FIRST CHRISTIAN BROTHERS T HE and development of the Ludovisian College of 13-17 Rome.qxd 4/20/08 12:00 PM Page 276 Dáire Keogh the Irish in Rome Edited Albert McDonnell, published by the In 1944, W.T. Cosgrave described the Pontifical Irish College, Rome Christian Brothers as ‘Ireland’s gift to  Vera Orschel civilization’. More recently, a former C ‘This particularly handsome volume, published government minister called them ‘a shower Non-institutional records The remaining third of the archives, without intending to celebrate the 375th anniversary of the to draw too rigid a line, contains non-institutional material, and that is prin- OLLEGE of savage bastards’. This history aims to get THE W cipally material gathered for saints’ causes, transcripts of historical documents, foundation of the Ludovisian Irish College in beyond these stereotypical representations two collections of manuscripts of antiquarian interest, and former residents’ Rome, features an account of the college’s first of Edmund Rice and the first generation IRISH COLLEGE, ROME legacies including photographs. fifty years. In this book an edited transcript of In the course of the last two centuries, Irish vice-rectors and rectors have ORLD the original Latin text, prepared by Monsignor Christian Brothers, to see them as they AND ITS WORLD taken the roles of researchers and postulators in beatification and canonization saw themselves and were understood by processes; most notably resulting in the canonisation of Oliver Plunkett in  John J. Hanly, is presented alongside the first- their contemporaries. It goes beyond and the beatification of seventeen Irish martyrs of the sixteenth and seventeenth ever English translation by the classics scholar An Irish College was established in Rome in 1628 in order to  hagiography, and interprets the Brothers centuries in . Much of the evidence that was gathered for these two Declan Lawell. The first chapter details the prepare priests for the Irish mission. As part of an elaborate processes prior to presentation to the Congregation for the Causes of Saints, as circumstances surrounding the foundation of the within context, against the background of well as material for the cause of Matt Talbot, has been deposited here. network of such colleges across the continent, the Irish College The transcripts (secondary archival sources) are copies of documents from college in 1628 by Cardinal Ludovico Ludovisi, Catholic Emancipation, the modernization R nephew of Gregory XV, and traces its of Irish society and the fashioning of the was always more than a seminary; it served as an ‘embassy’ and Roman archives, selected because they illustrate either the early history of the focus of Irish Catholic interests in Rome and remained such until College itself or wider Irish history of the early modern period. Most material development in the early years while it was church according to the norms of the OME is in loose files, but there are also sixty-nine bound volumes of transcripts from under the direction of the Franciscans. The Council of Trent. the 20th century when Ireland established formal diplomatic the Propaganda Fide Archives. The collecting activity was instigated by the text is complemented by a very fine history of relations with the Holy See. This collection illustrates that dual Dublin Archdiocese when Michael Curran was secretary there in an endeavour to improve their sources on the archdiocese’s history: copies were deposited in the college during the period 1625-1690 by the role; based upon the archival holdings of the College it presents Dublin and in Rome, and some were edited for publication. Revd Dr Thomas O’Connor. His rich synthesis an insight into the history of the Irish College and its complex In contrast, the two manuscript collections now in possession of the College of archival and historiographical material forms , are worthy of closer inspection.The first consists of Irish literary texts, copied in world. the eighteenth and nineteenth centuries and now bound into five volumes. Four the backdrop to the narrative of the college’s of these have been discussed by Monsignor Pádraig Ó Fiannachta. It is probable historical evolution in an era of profound that these reached the college in the possession of Michael O’Riordan. They Dáire Keogh & Albert McDonnell religious reform and revival both on the contain excerpts from bardic poetry and mythology then ‘popular’, including continent and in Ireland, thereby deepening the Dáire Keogh lectures in St Patrick’s College Drumcondra and segments from the Ruaraíocht and Fiannaíocht cycles like ‘Agallamh na reader’s appreciation of the significance of the Albert McDonnell is vice-rector of the Irish College Rome. Seanórach’, and also from Keating’s Foras Feasa Éireann, and from the Cath Cluana Tarbh. The second manuscript series is an artificial collection, and college’s foundation. Equally impressive is certainly not the result of any one antiquarian’s collecting activity; as with the Monsignor Hanly’s scholarly introduction to the  Irish material above we have no documentation as to their acquisition. Judging manuscript history and his explanatory notes on

The jacket design incorporates a drawing by Patricia Hakim, of the Pontifical EDITORS the text. The volume is enhanced by the Irish College. Coelian ( three instalments –).  Hagan edited some of material of wider Irish interest in the series ‘Miscellanea Vaticano-Hibernica –’ in Archivium Hibernicum beginning incorporation of several beautifully reproduced with no.  (), pp –, with the Vatican Archives and Borghese collections as a starting colour plates and a comprehensive index. point.  Pádraig Ó Fiannachta,‘Lámhscríbhinní Gaeilge Choláiste na nGael sa Róimh’, Studia Celtica  (), pp –. He discusses manuscripts – (now MS/CG –) and the omission of the fifthT is HEunexplained.  He was a friend of Maurice Lenihan of Limerick, the previous owner; see Ó Fiannachta, op. cit., p. .  The latter is a copy of the text most ‘All involved in the production of this widely disseminated in the eighteenth and nineteenth centuries; written comment from publication are to be commended for making    Méidhbhín Ní Urdáil (UCD) March . This is with the exception of three available this valuable archival resource which IRISH COLLEGE, offers a wealth of insights into the experiences of Jacket design: space.ie this Irish clerical community in Rome and AND illuminates the contribution of its members to ROME ITSWORLD the Irish mission during the seventeenth century.’ www.fourcourtspress.ie Mary Ann Lyons, EDITORS Dáire Keogh & Albert McDonnell Irish Historical Studies, May 2005 I N ITS AND THE IRISH COLLEGE,ROME 1628–1678: EDMUND RICE (1762-1844) AND THE RISH an early manuscript account of the foundation FIRST CHRISTIAN BROTHERS T HE and development of the Ludovisian College of 13-17 Rome.qxd 4/20/08 12:00 PM Page 277 Dáire Keogh the Irish in Rome Edited Albert McDonnell, published by the In 1944, W.T. Cosgrave described the Pontifical Irish College, Rome Christian Brothers as ‘Ireland’s gift to The archives of the Pontifical Irish College, Rome  civilization’. More recently, a former C ‘This particularly handsome volume, published by some brief comments found with them they had been deposited in the government minister called them ‘a shower  to celebrate the 375th anniversary of the archives by the s. However, some must have been found as bindings of OLLEGE

W  of savage bastards’. This history aims to get THE early printed books in the college library – a parallel happened in when foundation of the Ludovisian Irish College in beyond these stereotypical representations the librarian found fourteenth-century folia and fragments covering eight Rome, features an account of the college’s first of Edmund Rice and the first generation IRISH COLLEGE, ROME volumes – precious in themselves – of a sixteenth-century printed work by fifty years. In this book an edited transcript of Bartolo da Sassoferrato. The collection comprises thirty fragments on vellum, ORLD the original Latin text, prepared by Monsignor Christian Brothers, to see them as they AND ITS WORLD and two on paper, of mostly liturgical texts ranging from a gospel fragment of saw themselves and were understood by around AD  in Beneventan script (cut to size for re-use), an eleventh- John J. Hanly, is presented alongside the first- their contemporaries. It goes beyond century illuminated initial for Luke’s gospel (with a clear delineation of the book ever English translation by the classics scholar An Irish College was established in Rome in 1628 in order to for which this served as a wrapper), a twelfth/thirteenth-century breviary text hagiography, and interprets the Brothers Declan Lawell. The first chapter details the prepare priests for the Irish mission. As part of an elaborate on Corinthians (used as binding for a Ciceronian work), small fragments from circumstances surrounding the foundation of the within context, against the background of Thomas Aquinas’ Summa Theologica with an animal head drawn in the margin network of such colleges across the continent, the Irish College (a ‘canis domini’?), to a one-verse early excerpt from Dante’s Inferno (both cut to college in 1628 by Cardinal Ludovico Ludovisi, Catholic Emancipation, the modernization R   nephew of Gregory XV, and traces its of Irish society and the fashioning of the was always more than a seminary; it served as an ‘embassy’ and size for re-use). Although some ‘knotwork’ ornamentation in MS/ r, and focus of Irish Catholic interests in Rome and remained such until some insular tendencies in the script of MS/ gave rise to some ‘wishful development in the early years while it was church according to the norms of the OME thinking’, these cannot be said to have been brought from Ireland but are under the direction of the Franciscans. The Council of Trent. the 20th century when Ireland established formal diplomatic products of continental workshops. Eight fragments of the high and late text is complemented by a very fine history of relations with the Holy See. This collection illustrates that dual medieval period stand out, containing neumes, that is early music notation, for liturgical use. Despite the fragmentary survival of what once were codices with the college during the period 1625-1690 by the role; based upon the archival holdings of the College it presents full texts of the gospels, of antiphons for monastic offices, of commentaries, these Revd Dr Thomas O’Connor. His rich synthesis an insight into the history of the Irish College and its complex fragments have already raised great interest internationally and will play their part  of archival and historiographical material forms , in related medieval studies. world. Among the former residents’ legacies, mention need only be made of the the backdrop to the narrative of the college’s photographs: the earliest images as a whole are found in a photoalbum presented historical evolution in an era of profound to Tobias Kirby,archbishop of Ephesus, by ‘a Sydney friend’ – Cardinal Moran. Dáire Keogh & Albert McDonnell religious reform and revival both on the But some of the college’s most valuable photographs in terms of age and Dáire Keogh lectures in St Patrick’s College Drumcondra and continent and in Ireland, thereby deepening the reader’s appreciation of the significance of the Albert McDonnell is vice-rector of the Irish College Rome. fragments recently taken from the library,Ms/– – see note  below.  As mentioned above, notes attributable to Father Curran and Father MacFhinn were found among them on college’s foundation. Equally impressive is rediscovery in . MacFhinn took three fragments to the Vatican expert Father Bruno Monsignor Hanly’s scholarly introduction to the Katterbach OFM and preserved the information obtained from him.  Cf. the College’s librarian, Domitilla Zoltan,‘Antiche Carte e nuove scoperte’, The Coelian (), pp –,at manuscript history and his explanatory notes on The jacket design incorporates a drawing by Patricia Hakim, of the Pontifical EDITORS .The great Father Leonard Boyle of the Vatican Library recommended restoring covers and the text. The volume is enhanced by the Irish College. volumes together, not separating them.  PICR Archives MS/  r; MS/ v&r; MS/ v&r; MS/ r&v: MS/.  PICR Archives MS/ Music –; MS/  falls outside that incorporation of several beautifully reproduced period, dated December .  PICR Archives MS Music  and  contain rare offices of colour plates and a comprehensive index. San Gemignano; MS/ consists of two bifolia, heavily stitched, with the beginning of Flavius Iosephus’ Historiarum Antiquitatis iudaice; MS/  may be a breviary fragment.We are grateful for the opinions Tof ThomasHE McCarthy,TCD (April ), of Dáibhí Ó Cróinín, NUIG ‘All involved in the production of this (September ), Peter Jeffery, Princeton University (October ), Virginia Brown, Pontifical Institute of Medieval Studies,Toronto (November ), and Giacomo Barrofio, publication are to be commended for making Università di Pavia (November ).  PICR Archives P/KIR/. available this valuable archival resource which IRISH COLLEGE, offers a wealth of insights into the experiences of Jacket design: space.ie this Irish clerical community in Rome and AND illuminates the contribution of its members to ROME ITSWORLD the Irish mission during the seventeenth century.’ www.fourcourtspress.ie Mary Ann Lyons, EDITORS Dáire Keogh & Albert McDonnell Irish Historical Studies, May 2005 I N ITS AND THE IRISH COLLEGE,ROME 1628–1678: EDMUND RICE (1762-1844) AND THE RISH an early manuscript account of the foundation FIRST CHRISTIAN BROTHERS T HE and development of the Ludovisian College of 13-17 Rome.qxd 4/20/08 12:00 PM Page 278 Dáire Keogh the Irish in Rome Edited Albert McDonnell, published by the In 1944, W.T. Cosgrave described the Pontifical Irish College, Rome Christian Brothers as ‘Ireland’s gift to  Vera Orschel civilization’. More recently, a former C ‘This particularly handsome volume, published government minister called them ‘a shower evocative sujet are in a collection belonging to Michael J. Curran. Having been to celebrate the 375th anniversary of the at first a student at the college –, later vice-rector and rector –,he OLLEGE

W   of savage bastards’. This history aims to get THE gathered together prints that range in date from to the mid- s.They foundation of the Ludovisian Irish College in beyond these stereotypical representations contain some arresting images of college life during the summer holidays at Rome, features an account of the college’s first of Edmund Rice and the first generation IRISH COLLEGE, ROME Tivoli, and some depictions of the college’s visitors during that period, including fifty years. In this book an edited transcript of William O’Brien MP (), Seán T. Ó Ceallaigh (), lord mayor of ORLD the original Latin text, prepared by Monsignor Christian Brothers, to see them as they AND ITS WORLD Limerick Stephen O’Mara (), and Archbishop Harty (no date). Curran’s saw themselves and were understood by photographs are a unique memorial to the singular existence of an Irish John J. Hanly, is presented alongside the first- their contemporaries. It goes beyond community on the continent. ever English translation by the classics scholar An Irish College was established in Rome in 1628 in order to It is typical for private archives to become repositories attracting a variety of hagiography, and interprets the Brothers Declan Lawell. The first chapter details the prepare priests for the Irish mission. As part of an elaborate interests: while initially they just received typical side-products of managing a circumstances surrounding the foundation of the within context, against the background of seminary,nearly four centuries on their historical content is sought out for very network of such colleges across the continent, the Irish College diverse queries.As illustrated above, some chance acquisitions extend the period college in 1628 by Cardinal Ludovico Ludovisi, Catholic Emancipation, the modernization R nephew of Gregory XV, and traces its of Irish society and the fashioning of the was always more than a seminary; it served as an ‘embassy’ and of interest well beyond the college’s foundation. Recent allocations of funding focus of Irish Catholic interests in Rome and remained such until were made in recognition of the importance of both the Irish College library, development in the early years while it was church according to the norms of the OME and of the archives: the resultant archival preservation measures help safeguarding under the direction of the Franciscans. The Council of Trent. the 20th century when Ireland established formal diplomatic these treasures, and the digitization projects and web access to the images now text is complemented by a very fine history of relations with the Holy See. This collection illustrates that dual gives remote access, engendering new angles of research. the college during the period 1625-1690 by the role; based upon the archival holdings of the College it presents Revd Dr Thomas O’Connor. His rich synthesis an insight into the history of the Irish College and its complex of archival and historiographical material forms , world. the backdrop to the narrative of the college’s historical evolution in an era of profound

Dáire Keogh & Albert McDonnell religious reform and revival both on the Dáire Keogh lectures in St Patrick’s College Drumcondra and continent and in Ireland, thereby deepening the Albert McDonnell is vice-rector of the Irish College Rome. reader’s appreciation of the significance of the college’s foundation. Equally impressive is Monsignor Hanly’s scholarly introduction to the manuscript history and his explanatory notes on

The jacket design incorporates a drawing by Patricia Hakim, of the Pontifical EDITORS the text. The volume is enhanced by the Irish College. incorporation of several beautifully reproduced colour plates and a comprehensive index.

THE ‘All involved in the production of this publication are to be commended for making  PICR Archives P/CUR/ and ; the latter may not originate in Rome. available this valuable archival resource which IRISH COLLEGE, offers a wealth of insights into the experiences of Jacket design: space.ie this Irish clerical community in Rome and AND illuminates the contribution of its members to ROME ITSWORLD the Irish mission during the seventeenth century.’ www.fourcourtspress.ie Mary Ann Lyons, EDITORS Dáire Keogh & Albert McDonnell Irish Historical Studies, May 2005 I N ITS AND THE IRISH COLLEGE,ROME 1628–1678: EDMUND RICE (1762-1844) AND THE RISH an early manuscript account of the foundation FIRST CHRISTIAN BROTHERS T HE and development of the Ludovisian College of RomeIndex.qxd 4/20/08 12:02 PM Page 279 Dáire Keogh the Irish in Rome Edited Albert McDonnell, published by the In 1944, W.T. Cosgrave described the Pontifical Irish College, Rome Christian Brothers as ‘Ireland’s gift to civilization’. More recently, a former C ‘This particularly handsome volume, published government minister called them ‘a shower Index to celebrate the 375th anniversary of the OLLEGE of savage bastards’. This history aims to get W foundation of the Ludovisian Irish College in THE by Brad Morrow beyond these stereotypical representations Rome, features an account of the college’s first of Edmund Rice and the first generation IRISH COLLEGE, ROME fifty years. In this book an edited transcript of Christian Brothers, to see them as they ORLD Page numbers in bold type refer to illustrations. the original Latin text, prepared by Monsignor AND ITS WORLD John J. Hanly, is presented alongside the first- saw themselves and were understood by Aberdeen,  Altemps family,  their contemporaries. It goes beyond Abraham,William, bp. of Waterford Americas, dicovery and colonization ever English translation by the classics scholar An Irish College was established in Rome in 1628 in order to and Lismore, (–),  of,  Declan Lawell. The first chapter details the hagiography, and interprets the Brothers   prepare priests for the Irish mission. As part of an elaborate Accademia dei Virtuosi, Ambrose, St, circumstances surrounding the foundation of the within context, against the background of Accademia di S. Luca,  Ancona, siege of,  network of such colleges across the continent, the Irish College Achilli, Giacinto: Newman’s case Andrew of Evora,  college in 1628 by Cardinal Ludovico Ludovisi,

Catholic Emancipation, the modernization R was always more than a seminary; it served as an ‘embassy’ and against,  Anglo-Irish see Old English nephew of Gregory XV, and traces its of Irish society and the fashioning of the Address to the Common People of Anglo-Irish treaty (),  focus of Irish Catholic interests in Rome and remained such until Ireland, by Arthur O’Leary Antonelli, Cardinal Giacomo, secretary development in the early years while it was church according to the norms of the OME      OFM, against Whiteboyism,  of state, , f, , , under the direction of the Franciscans. The  Council of Trent. the 20th century when Ireland established formal diplomatic Adelaide,Australia,  Anthony of Padua, St,  text is complemented by a very fine history of Admiralty, British, f Archivium Hibernicum, relations with the Holy See. This collection illustrates that dual  Aeterni Patri Filius, bull of Gregory XV, Ardagh diocese, the college during the period 1625-1690 by the role; based upon the archival holdings of the College it presents  Ardcarne parish, Elphin,   Revd Dr Thomas O’Connor. His rich synthesis Aikenhead, Mother Mary,  Arles, France, an insight into the history of the Irish College and its complex  Armagh cathedral,  of archival and historiographical material forms , Affre, Denys-Auguste, abp. of Paris,  world. Albizzi, Francesco, Secretary to Irish Armenian college, Rome, the backdrop to the narrative of the college’s Army Chaplains Department of British Committee at Propaganda (s), War Office ff,  historical evolution in an era of profound , , ,  Augustine, St, ,  Dáire Keogh & Albert McDonnell Albergati, Lavinia, mother of Card. L. religious reform and revival both on the Augustinus, by C. Jansen (q.v.), f Ludovisi (q.v.), ,  Augustinians, , , , , ,  continent and in Ireland, thereby deepening the Dáire Keogh lectures in St Patrick’s College Drumcondra and Alexander of Hales OFM,  Australia, , , , , , , reader’s appreciation of the significance of the Albert McDonnell is vice-rector of the Irish College Rome. Alcozzi, Prefect Lorenzo, co-author of  report on Scots College, Rome   college’s foundation. Equally impressive is   Avignon, , ( ), Aylward, Edward, of Castlecomer Monsignor Hanly’s scholarly introduction to the Aldobrandini, Ippolito, papal (),  carmerlengo, , ,  manuscript history and his explanatory notes on

The jacket design incorporates a drawing by Patricia Hakim, of the Pontifical EDITORS   Aldobrandini family, , Balfour,Arthur, chief secretary, ,  the text. The volume is enhanced by the Irish College. Aldobrandini, Giovanni Giorgio, Ball,Anna Maria, wife of John incorporation of several beautifully reproduced prince of Rossano, prince of O’Brien (q.v.),   Meldola, duke of Sarsina, Ball, Cecilia, Ursuline,  colour plates and a comprehensive index. Aldobrandini, Slyvester,  Ballitore, Co. Kildare, Quaker school, Alexander VII, THE  All Hallows College, Dublin, ,  Baltimore, MD, –,  ‘All involved in the production of this Allen, Cardinal William,  Baden Baden spa,  publication are to be commended for making   Alphonsus Liguori, St , Baccanalia, by Titian,  available this valuable archival resource which IRISH COLLEGE, offers a wealth of insights into the experiences of Jacket design: space.ie this Irish clerical community in Rome and AND illuminates the contribution of its members to ROME ITSWORLD the Irish mission during the seventeenth century.’ www.fourcourtspress.ie Mary Ann Lyons, EDITORS Dáire Keogh & Albert McDonnell Irish Historical Studies, May 2005 I N ITS AND THE IRISH COLLEGE,ROME 1628–1678: EDMUND RICE (1762-1844) AND THE RISH an early manuscript account of the foundation FIRST CHRISTIAN BROTHERS T HE and development of the Ludovisian College of RomeIndex.qxd 4/20/08 12:02 PM Page 280 Dáire Keogh the Irish in Rome Edited Albert McDonnell, published by the In 1944, W.T. Cosgrave described the Pontifical Irish College, Rome Christian Brothers as ‘Ireland’s gift to  The Irish College, Rome, and Its World civilization’. More recently, a former C ‘This particularly handsome volume, published Bacchus and Ariadne, by Titian,  Bermuda,  government minister called them ‘a shower Bagno, Guido di, papal nuncio in Bernard of Clairvaulx, St, ,  to celebrate the 375th anniversary of the OLLEGE      W Flanders ( s), n, n Bernini, Gian Lorenzo, , of savage bastards’. This history aims to get THE foundation of the Ludovisian Irish College in beyond these stereotypical representations Barberini,Antonio, iunior, prefect of Bianchini, Camilla, mother of Rome, features an account of the college’s first IRISH COLLEGE, ROME Segreteria de’ Brevi, f Gregory XV (q.v.),  of Edmund Rice and the first generation Barberini family, ,  see also Urbau VIII Bianconi, Charles, f, ,  fifty years. In this book an edited transcript of Christian Brothers, to see them as they ORLD Barberini, Cardinal Francesco,  Bianconi, Kate, dau. of Charles B., , the original Latin text, prepared by Monsignor AND ITS WORLD Bardstown, KY,  ,  saw themselves and were understood by Barnabò, Cardinal Alessandro, secretary Biblical Institute, Gregorian University, John J. Hanly, is presented alongside the first- their contemporaries. It goes beyond of Propaganda (s), , f,  ever English translation by the classics scholar An Irish College was established in Rome in 1628 in order to f, ,  Bisciola SJ, Giovanni G,  Declan Lawell. The first chapter details the hagiography, and interprets the Brothers prepare priests for the Irish mission. As part of an elaborate Baron OFM, Bonaventure, ,  bishops to the armed forces, ff within context, against the background of Baronius, Cesare, Oratorian,  Blake, Michael, rector of ICR (–), circumstances surrounding the foundation of the network of such colleges across the continent, the Irish College Barr, Colin, – bp. of Dromore, , , n college in 1628 by Cardinal Ludovico Ludovisi,

Catholic Emancipation, the modernization R     Barrofio, Giacomo, n Blue Sisters, Rome, , , nephew of Gregory XV, and traces its of Irish society and the fashioning of the was always more than a seminary; it served as an ‘embassy’ and Barron, Edward, tit. bp. of Constantine, Bohemia,  focus of Irish Catholic interests in Rome and remained such until vicar general in West Africa, ,  Boland, L. J. M. de, abp. of Lyons,  development in the early years while it was church according to the norms of the OME Barron,Armagh student at ICR Bologna, ,  see also Ludovisis under the direction of the Franciscans. The Council of Trent. the 20th century when Ireland established formal diplomatic (),  Boncompagni family mortuary chapel   text is complemented by a very fine history of relations with the Holy See. This collection illustrates that dual Bartolo da Sassoferrato, in St Ignatius’ churh, Rome, Bartoluccio de Assisio OFM, Salvatore, Bonaiuti, Ernesto, n the college during the period 1625-1690 by the role; based upon the archival holdings of the College it presents  Bonanni, Pietro, sculptor,  Battalion of St Patrick in Papal States, Borghese family,  Revd Dr Thomas O’Connor. His rich synthesis an insight into the history of the Irish College and its complex , , – Borghese, Scipio,  of archival and historiographical material forms , world. Bedini, Cardinal Gaetano, secretary of Borgia, Cardinal Gaspare,  the backdrop to the narrative of the college’s Propaganda (s), n Borri SJ, Christofero,  Bellarmine, St Robert, , ,  Borromeo, St Charles,  historical evolution in an era of profound Bellew,Lord (), Irish landowner,  Bosco, St John,  Dáire Keogh & Albert McDonnell religious reform and revival both on the  Belmonte, Monsignor, author of report Boston, MA, continent and in Ireland, thereby deepening the Dáire Keogh lectures in St Patrick’s College Drumcondra and on English College, Rome (), Bourke OFM, Hugh, , f   Albert McDonnell is vice-rector of the Irish College Rome. , Bourne, Francis, cardinal abp. of reader’s appreciation of the significance of the Benedict, St,  Westminister, – passim college’s foundation. Equally impressive is Benedict XV, , , , , ,  Bowen, D., , , ,  Benedictines,  boycotting,  Monsignor Hanly’s scholarly introduction to the Benignus of Genoa, Franciscan Boylan, Christopher, rector of ICR manuscript history and his explanatory notes on       

The jacket design incorporates a drawing by Patricia Hakim, of the Pontifical EDITORS minister-general, ( – ), , , ,  the text. The volume is enhanced by the Irish College. Bentivoglio, Cardinal Guido, nuncio in Boyle OP,Leonard, n Flanders (), ,  Boyle, Peter Anthony, – incorporation of several beautifully reproduced Benzoni, Giovanni Maria, sculptor of Boyle, Richard, earl of Cork,  colour plates and a comprehensive index. O’Connell monument, Rome, , Bozio (Bosius),Thomas,  , ,  Bozzio, Francesco, Oratorian, ,  Bérauld, Michel,T ProtestantHE pastor of Brenan, John, abp. of Cashel, ff ‘All involved in the production of this   Montaubon (d. ), Brevi, Segreteria de’ (Chancery of publication are to be commended for making Berchmans SJ, St John,  Apostolc Briefs),  available this valuable archival resource which IRISH COLLEGE, offers a wealth of insights into the experiences of Jacket design: space.ie this Irish clerical community in Rome and AND illuminates the contribution of its members to ROME ITSWORLD the Irish mission during the seventeenth century.’ www.fourcourtspress.ie Mary Ann Lyons, EDITORS Dáire Keogh & Albert McDonnell Irish Historical Studies, May 2005