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The Future of Urban Water Metro Manila and the Philippines

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The Future of Urban Water Metro Manila and the Philippines The Future of Urban Water Metro Manila and the Philippines This report is the result of a ‘Future of Urban About Arup About Arup Foresight Water’ workshop held in Manila on the 12th November 2015. The workshop was organised Arup has 90 offi ces in over 40 countries around Arup Foresight identifi es and monitors the and facilitated by Arup’s Foresight + Research the world, giving us access to local markets trends and issues likely to have a signifi cant + Innovation team, in collaboration with Arup’s and expertise. Arup is an independent fi rm of impact upon the built environment and society global water business. Participants included designers, planners, engineers, consultants and at large. We research and communicate the a broad range of industry and public sector technical specialists offering a broad range of major challenges affecting the built environment representatives. This was the second of a series professional services to clients around the world. and their implications. We help clients think of workshops on urban water as part of Arup’s Through our work, we aim to make a positive more creatively about the long-term future and ongoing engagement around urban water difference to different communities. Arup brings manage risk and uncertainty more effectively. challenges (the fi rst workshop being held in together broad-minded individuals from a wide Sydney in May 2014 and the third one also on range of disciplines. The fi rm provides expertise www.driversofchange.com the 12th November 2015 in São Paulo). in all aspects of water engineering, management and technology, covering the entire water cycle in temperate, arid and tropical environments. www.arup.com Arup 13 Fitzroy Street Rockwell Business London W1T 4BQ Center United Kingdom Meralco Compound Ortigas Avenue Pasig City 1604 Philippines © Arup 2016 Contents Context 4 1 Global Water Situation 7 2 Philippines: Current Situation 9 3 Drivers of Change: Water 13 4 Scenarios 27 Incremental Improvements 30 Better Together 34 Autonomous Communities 38 Survival of the Fittest 42 5 Case Studies 49 6 Implications and Recommendations 57 7 Appendix 59 Context “Water is an astonishingly complex and subtle force in an economy. It is the single constraint on the expansion of every city, and bankers and corporate executives have cited it as the only natural limit to economic growth.” – Margaret Catley-Carlson, Vice-Chair, World Economic Forum This report is the result of a one day workshop and organisations are already doing or thinking will showcase and explore the similarities and on the ‘Future of Urban Water’ held in Metro about today. differences that cities face in managing their Manila on the 12th November 2015, organised Participants were asked to discuss and water resources and risks. We hope that this by Arup’s Foresight + Research + Innovation share what is important for them in managing programme will support a shift towards more team in collaboration with Arup’s local water water, and what possible future scenarios and sustainable and resilient cities of the future. business. The aim of the workshop was to change they could imagine going forward. The We believe that the challenge of delivering analyse the current situation, and to identify scenarios featured in this report depict four secure, safe and sustainable water can be met future challenges and emerging opportunities for plausible futures for urban water. Scenarios only by working collaboratively, interacting with water management in the Philippines and Metro can be used to explore the viability of different stakeholders and being open to new ideas and Manila. More than 50 participants attended the strategies, inspire innovation and assist in long- innovation. session, including representatives from public term planning for more sustainable and resilient sector bodies, developers and contractors, urban water systems. During the workshop, utilities, and international fi nancial institutions the scenarios were used to explore possible such as the Asian Development Bank. pathways for the future of urban water in Manila. The workshop sessions included an exercise The outputs of the session will feed into to explore and prioritise the key drivers of Arup’s global programme on the Future of Urban change for water, looking at future scenarios for Water. This includes outcomes from a previous water in cities, and a review of inspirational real- workshop in Sydney, Australia, as well as results life project examples showing what other cities from a workshop in São Paulo, Brazil. Outputs 4 The Future of Urban Water | Metro Manila and the Philippines Actions and Recommendations Key actions The development and implementation of Incremental localised short term plans is needed in order to Improvements overcome situational barriers and contribute to Recommendations long term goals and longer lasting changes. • Development of a climate change action plan focussing on extreme weather events, drought Key actions and precipitation changes More focus on addressing institutional Better • Implementation of fl ood mitigation measures and framework issues and streamlining decision Together green/blue infrastructure solutions making processes is needed to overcome stakeholder challenges to closer collaboration. • Closer collaboration among all stakeholders including city departments, districts, agencies, industry and local populations - cross-sectoral approaches are needed Key actions Closer collaboration and strengthening of local • Empowerment of local communities to improve Autonomous systems, institutions and individuals. Support their livelihood and decrease stress on existing Communities for local economic development that allows centralised infrastructure communities to overcome funding obstacles. • Exploration of options for more effi cient and sustainable local water sourcing with a focus on water reuse and recycling Key actions • Establishment of policies regulating supply, usage Collaboration with communities to deploy volumes and effi ciency measures Survival of the systems which support integrated development. Fittest Regulations to limit the infl uence of organisations ignoring sustainable development issues. Arup 5 Global Water Situation 1 Water security is one of the most tangible and fastest-growing social, political and economic challenges faced today. It is also a fast-unfolding environmental crisis. In every sector, the demand for water is expected to increase and analysis suggests that the world will face a 40% global shortfall between forecast demand and available supply by 2030. —World Economic Forum, 2014 Water is a precious and increasingly critical increased their water usage fi ve-fold, not only groundwater levels. The exploding global resource. The World Economic Forum’s “Global through population growth but considerably demand for “water-heavy” goods including food Risks 2014” report identifi es water crises as through increased per capita demand. Cities and technological products is another critical one of the top fi ve global risks posing the increasingly struggle to access enough water factor, with agriculture already responsible for highest concern. Water crises were ranked supplies to sustain their population, and around 70% of freshwater withdrawals globally.3 as the third biggest risk in terms of impact; currently, half of the world’s cities with more The 2030 Water Resources Group predicts a however, strictly speaking, four of the identifi ed than 100,000 inhabitants are situated in areas global gap between safe freshwater demand top 10 risks are water-related — water crises, experiencing water scarcity.2 Meanwhile, there and supply of 40% by 2030 if business-as- climate change mitigation and adaptation, is increased decoupling of urban and rural usual water management continues, thus not extreme weather events, and food crises.1 systems and a diminishing holistic consideration supporting the predicted population.4 With a Despite this, water issues are often overlooked of the global water cycle, with urban areas possibility for water depletion and increasing or misunderstood, and there is a need for being considered as isolated entities. For cities competition through scarcity, new thinking better awareness of their social, economic to succeed in a world characterised by resource and new ways of managing water become and environmental impacts. In addition to issues and constraints, we must recognize that fundamental. Who will manage, control and be increasing water scarcity and pollution, rapid cities don’t exist in isolation. responsible for water resources in the future?* population growth and urbanisation are major Overlaying and intensifying all of these factors posing fundamental challenges to the pressures is climate change, including rising * Global Water Situation from: Arup (2014). The global water cycle, with a particular pressure on temperatures, extreme weather events, rising Future of Urban Water: Scenarios for Urban the urban water supply. Since 1950, cities have sea levels, and reduction in river fl ows and Water Utilities in 2040 Left: Dragon Boating, Manila Bay 7 Philippines: Current Situation and Future Challenges 2 Rainfall, river fl ow and fl ooding are likely to become more extreme. —WWF Business Risk study for 16 Philippine Cities, 2014 The Philippines comprises 7,107 islands and, with urbanisation. Additionally, climate change, infrastructure according to KPMG research.10 a population of approximately 100M, it is the 12th ineffi cient and excessive water use, pollution
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