DOCSLIB.ORG

The Parasitic Fauna of the European Bison (Bison Bonasus) (Linnaeus, 1758) and Their Impact on the Conservation

Total Page：16

File Type：pdf, Size：1020Kb

Download full-text PDF Read full-text
The Parasitic Fauna of the European Bison (Bison Bonasus) (Linnaeus, 1758) and Their Impact on the Conservation DOI: 10.2478/s11686-014-0252-0 © W. Stefański Institute of Parasitology, PAS Acta Parasitologica, 2014, 59(3), 363–371; ISSN 1230-2821 The parasitic fauna of the European bison (Bison bonasus) (Linnaeus, 1758) and their impact on the conservation. Part 1 The summarising list of parasites noted Grzegorz Karbowiak*, Aleksander W. Demiaszkiewicz, Anna M. Pyziel, Irena Wita, Bożena Moskwa, Joanna Werszko, Justyna Bień, Katarzyna Goździk, Jacek Lachowicz and Władysław Cabaj W. Stefański Institute of Parasitology, Polish Academy of Sciences, Twarda 51/55, 00-818 Warsaw, Poland Abstract During the current century, 88 species of parasites have been recorded in Bison bonasus. These are 22 species of protozoa (Trypanosoma wrublewskii, T. theileri, Giardia sp., Sarcocystis cruzi, S. hirsuta, S. hominis, S. fusiformis, Neospora caninum, Toxoplasma gondii, Cryptosporidium sp., Eimeria cylindrica, E. subspherica, E. bovis, E. zuernii, E. canadensis, E. ellip- soidalis, E. alabamensis, E. bukidnonensis, E. auburnensis, E. pellita, E. brasiliensis, Babesia divergens), 4 trematodes species (Dicrocoelium dendriticum, Fasciola hepatica, Parafasciolopsis fasciolaemorpha, Paramphistomum cervi), 4 cestodes species (Taenia hydatigena larvae, Moniezia benedeni, M. expansa, Moniezia sp.), 43 nematodes species (Bunostomum trigono- cephalum, B. phlebotomum, Chabertia ovina, Oesophagostomum radiatum, O. venulosum, Dictyocaulus filaria, D.viviparus, Nematodirella alcidis, Nematodirus europaeus, N. helvetianus, N. roscidus, N. filicollis, N. spathiger, Cooperia oncophora, C. pectinata, C. punctata, C. surnabada, Haemonchus contortus, Mazamastrongylus dagestanicus, Ostertagia lyrata, O. ostertagi, O. antipini, O. leptospicularis, O. kolchida, O. circumcincta, O. trifurcata, Spiculopteragia boehmi, S. mathevoss- iani, S. asymmetrica, Trichostrongylus axei, T. askivali, T. capricola, T. vitrinus, Ashworthius sidemi, Onchocerca lienalis, O. gutturosa, Setaria labiatopapillosa, Gongylonema pulchrum, Thelazia gulosa, T. skrjabini, T. rhodesi, Aonchotheca bilobata, Trichuris ovis), 7 mites (Demodex bisonianus, D. bovis, Demodex sp., Chorioptes bovis, Psoroptes equi, P. ovis, Sarcoptes scabiei), 4 Ixodidae ticks (Ixodes ricinus, I. persulcatus, I. hexagonus, Dermacentor reticulatus), 1 Mallophaga species (Bison- icola sedecimdecembrii), 1 Anoplura (Haematopinus eurysternus), and 2 Hippoboscidae flies (Lipoptena cervi, Melophagus ovinus). There are few monoxenous parasites, many typical for cattle and many newly acquired from Cervidae. Keywords Bison bonasus; parasitic protozoa; Trematoda; Cestoda; Nematoda; Acariformes; Ixodidae; Hippoboscidae Introduction was killed. This species’ restitution began in 1929 in the Białowieża Forest. The restitution was possible thanks to spec- The European bison (Bison bonasus) is the largest herbivo- imens purchased from zoological gardens and private animal rous animal in Europe. Historically, the species was distrib- collections. In 1952, the lowland bison was reintroduced to uted throughout western, central and south-eastern Europe, the wildlife area of the Polish section of the Białowieża For- and the Caucasus. Since the Middle Ages, due to hunting and est, as the beginning of the present free-ranging population destruction of the natural forest complexes, the occurrence (Krasińska and Krasiński 2007). Presently, there are over 30 area of European bison dramatically decreased. In the early free-ranging populations located in Poland, Ukraine, Slova- twentieth century, a single free ranging population of Euro- kia, Lithuania, Romania, Belarus and Russia, and many small pean bison was present in the Białowieża Forest. After the groups raised in zoological gardens and show enclosures in First World War, in 1919, the last wild-living European bison Europe. Thus, the present population is composed of closely *Corresponding author: [email protected] 364 Grzegorz Karbowiak et al. related individuals, which affects the health and immunity of 43 species, followed by protozoa – 22 species. Other taxa are these animals. Threats to the health of bison include viral, not numerously represented. The full list of parasite species is bacterial and parasitic diseases (Kita and Anusz 2006; presented in the Table I. Krasińska and Krasiński 2007). The first investigations of infection by internal parasites Parasitic protozoa of European bison were conducted during the early twentieth century. There were recorded in a total of eighteen species of The protozoan parasites are represented by the species belon- parasites, typical for domestic ruminants, apart for two spe- ging to Kinetoplastida (genus Trypanosoma), Diplomonadida cific to bison (Bisonicola sedecimdecembrii and Trypanosoma (genus Giardia) and Apicomplexa (genera Sarcocystis, Neo- wrublewskii) (Wróblewski 1927). In early years, when the Eu- spora, Toxoplasma, Cryptosporidium, Eimeria and Babesia). ropean bisons were present only in captive reserves, only frag- The trypanosomes parasitising in the blood of wild mammals in mentary studies based on small amounts of material the Palaearctic zone are not very well-known. These are the originating from single dissections were conducted. At this species belonging to the Stercorarian group, from the subgen- time, the number of known parasites reached 37 (Dróżdż era Megatrypanum, Herpetosoma and Schizotrypanum. In 1961, 1967). After the restitution of the species, epidemiolog- European bison, two species were recorded: Trypanosoma ical, bacteriological and parasitological studies were con- wrublewskii, Wladimiroff and Yakimoff, 1909, and Try- ducted in the 1950’s, including the study of helminth fauna of panosoma theileri Laveran, 1902. The separation of these animals living in captive breeding reserves, before being re- species is not clear due to their morphological similarity, thus in leased into the wild. These studies followed bison after their 1915, T. wrublewskii was confirmed as a synonym of T. thei- release into open areas, and were repeated after 20 years leri (Yakimoff, 1915). The redescription as the distinct species (Dróżdż et al. 1989, 1994) and are still being conducted. was made at the end of twentieth century (Kingston et al. 1992). In total, the parasitic fauna of European bison is quite well The prevalence of infections in European bison with try- described; however, the knowledge is distracted to the number panosomes is variable, and fluctuates around 15% (Karbowiak of single publications. This work is the first attempt to collect et al. 2006, 2007). Among many parasitic Sarcomastigophora all data to a single publication and to show the phenomena oc- species, only the representatives of Giardia genus are noted curing in the whole parasitic community. in Bison bonasus. The presence of excreted cysts of non-iden- The purpose of this publication is to describe the present tified species has been found in 7.5% of the faecal samples knowledge of the parasite fauna of the European bison B. collected from European bison in the Białowieża Primeval For- bonasus, based on the publications of various scientific centres est (Paziewska et al. 2007). Apicomplexa is the protozoan type that have conducted parasitological studies on these animals, including a large group of small, obligatory parasitic forms. The including those living in free-ranging populations, as well as, apicomplexan parasites of European bison belong to Sarcocys- species bred in zoological gardens and captive breeding re- tidae, Coccidia, Eimeriidae and Piroplasmida. The representa- serves. The overview embraces parasites in the classical mean- tives of Sarcocystidae in the parasite fauna of B. bonasus are ing of this word, so the representatives of protozoan and tissue four species of Sarcocystis genera, Neospora caninum and Tox- animals strictly associated with the bison at least throughout oplasma gondii. Sarcocystis were detected for the first time in one phase of their development, for which the bison is also at the muscle tissue of European bison in the Belarus part of the that time, a habitat of life. It does not include viruses and bac- Białowieża Primeval Forest (Goregliad et al. 1977), later in the teria, being the subject of a microbiological studies, or short- bison kept in the zoological garden in Germany (Odening et al. feeding blood-sucking flies, such as Tabanidae and Culicidae, 1994), and in the heart muscle of the free-living bison in the for which the bison is one of the food sources, and likewise, Polish part of the Białowieża Primeval Forest in 1997 (Osińska the commensally and phoretic mites, nematodes and insects and Piusiński 1997). The percentage of bison infected with Sar- that feed on the bison. We searched the PubMed, ISI Web of cocystis cruzi accounts for 85.4% of the population; however, Science, Scopus and Google Scholar using search terms that this result can be strongly dependent on the diagnostic tech- are associated with the review subject (Bison bonasus, the nique used (Osińska and Piusiński 1997; Pyziel and Demi- names of parasite species, etc.). Moreover, the old papers, that aszkiewicz 2009a). Neospora caninum definitive hosts are are not included in databases, were used. Only the published canine (dog, coyote), however, the parasite has also been de- results obtained during our studies were used, certain unpub- tected in the range of intermediate hosts, livestock and com- lished data are included in the review, if they are required. panion animal species. The antibodies to N. caninum in European bison were reported in 2005,
Load more

Recommended publications
  • A Literature Survey of Common Parasitic Zoonoses Encountered at Post-Mortem Examination in Slaughter Stocks in Tanzania: Economic and Public Health Implications
    Volume 1- Issue 5 : 2017 DOI: 10.26717/BJSTR.2017.01.000419 Erick VG Komba. Biomed J Sci & Tech Res ISSN: 2574-1241 Research Article Open Access A Literature Survey of Common Parasitic Zoonoses Encountered at Post-Mortem Examination in Slaughter Stocks in Tanzania: Economic and Public Health Implications Erick VG Komba* Department of Veterinary Medicine and Public Health, Sokoine University of Agriculture, Tanzania Received: September 21, 2017; Published: October 06, 2017 *Corresponding author: Erick VG Komba, Senior lecturer, Department of Veterinary Medicine and Public Health, College of Veterinary Medicine and Biomedical Sciences, Sokoine University of Agriculture, P.O. Box 3021, Morogoro, Tanzania Abstract Zoonoses caused by parasites constitute a large group of infectious diseases with varying host ranges and patterns of transmission. Their public health impact of such zoonoses warrants appropriate surveillance to obtain enough information that will provide inputs in the design anddistribution, implementation prevalence of control and transmission strategies. Apatterns need therefore are affected arises by to the regularly influence re-evaluate of both human the current and environmental status of zoonotic factors. diseases, The economic particularly and in view of new data available as a result of surveillance activities and the application of new technologies. Consequently this paper summarizes available information in Tanzania on parasitic zoonoses encountered in slaughter stocks during post-mortem examination at slaughter facilities. The occurrence, in slaughter stocks, of fasciola spp, Echinococcus granulosus (hydatid) cysts, Taenia saginata Cysts, Taenia solium Cysts and ascaris spp. have been reported by various researchers. Information on these parasitic diseases is presented in this paper as they are the most important ones encountered in slaughter stocks in the country.
    [Show full text]
  • The Predatory Mite (Acari, Parasitiformes: Mesostigmata (Gamasina); Acariformes: Prostigmata) Community in Strawberry Agrocenosis
    Acta Universitatis Latviensis, Biology, 2004, Vol. 676, pp. 87–95 The predatory mite (Acari, Parasitiformes: Mesostigmata (Gamasina); Acariformes: Prostigmata) community in strawberry agrocenosis Valentîna Petrova*, Ineta Salmane, Zigrîda Çudare Institute of Biology, University of Latvia, Miera 3, Salaspils LV-2169, Latvia *Corresponding author, E-mail: [email protected]. Abstract Altogether 37 predatory mite species from 14 families (Parasitiformes and Acariformes) were collected using leaf sampling and pit-fall trapping in strawberry fi elds (1997 - 2001). Thirty- six were recorded on strawberries for the fi rst time in Latvia. Two species, Paragarmania mali (Oud.) (Aceosejidae) and Eugamasus crassitarsis (Hal.) (Parasitidae) were new for the fauna of Latvia. The most abundant predatory mite families (species) collected from strawberry leaves were Phytoseiidae (Amblyseius cucumeris Oud., A. aurescens A.-H., A. bicaudus Wainst., A. herbarius Wainst.) and Anystidae (Anystis baccarum L.); from pit-fall traps – Parasitidae (Poecilochirus necrophori Vitz. and Parasitus lunaris Berl.), Aceosejidae (Leioseius semiscissus Berl.) and Macrochelidae (Macrocheles glaber Müll). Key words: agrocenosis, diversity, predatory mites, strawberry. Introduction Predatory mites play an important ecological role in terrestrial ecosystems and they are increasingly being used in management for biocontrol of pest mites, thrips and nematodes (Easterbrook 1992; Wright, Chambers 1994; Croft et al. 1998; Cuthbertson et al. 2003). Many of these mites have a major infl uence on nutrient cycling, as they are predators on other arthropods (Santos 1985; Karg 1993; Koehler 1999). In total, investigations of mite fauna in Latvia were made by Grube (1859), who found 28 species, Eglītis (1954) – 50 species, Kuznetsov and Petrov (1984) – 85 species, Lapiņa (1988) – 207 species, and Salmane (2001) – 247 species.
    [Show full text]
  • Comparative Transcriptomic Analysis of the Larval and Adult Stages of Taenia Pisiformis
    G C A T T A C G G C A T genes Article Comparative Transcriptomic Analysis of the Larval and Adult Stages of Taenia pisiformis Shaohua Zhang State Key Laboratory of Veterinary Etiological Biology, Key Laboratory of Veterinary Parasitology of Gansu Province, Lanzhou Veterinary Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Lanzhou 730046, China; [email protected]; Tel.: +86-931-8342837 Received: 19 May 2019; Accepted: 1 July 2019; Published: 4 July 2019 Abstract: Taenia pisiformis is a tapeworm causing economic losses in the rabbit breeding industry worldwide. Due to the absence of genomic data, our knowledge on the developmental process of T. pisiformis is still inadequate. In this study, to better characterize differential and specific genes and pathways associated with the parasite developments, a comparative transcriptomic analysis of the larval stage (TpM) and the adult stage (TpA) of T. pisiformis was performed by Illumina RNA sequencing (RNA-seq) technology and de novo analysis. In total, 68,588 unigenes were assembled with an average length of 789 nucleotides (nt) and N50 of 1485 nt. Further, we identified 4093 differentially expressed genes (DEGs) in TpA versus TpM, of which 3186 DEGs were upregulated and 907 were downregulated. Gene Ontology (GO) and Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes (KEGG) analyses revealed that most DEGs involved in metabolic processes and Wnt signaling pathway were much more active in the TpA stage. Quantitative real-time PCR (qPCR) validated that the expression levels of the selected 10 DEGs were consistent with those in RNA-seq, indicating that the transcriptomic data are reliable. The present study provides comparative transcriptomic data concerning two developmental stages of T.
    [Show full text]
  • Boselaphus Tragocamelus</I>
    University of Nebraska - Lincoln DigitalCommons@University of Nebraska - Lincoln USGS Staff -- Published Research US Geological Survey 2008 Boselaphus tragocamelus (Artiodactyla: Bovidae) David M. Leslie Jr. U.S. Geological Survey, [email protected] Follow this and additional works at: https://digitalcommons.unl.edu/usgsstaffpub Leslie, David M. Jr., "Boselaphus tragocamelus (Artiodactyla: Bovidae)" (2008). USGS Staff -- Published Research. 723. https://digitalcommons.unl.edu/usgsstaffpub/723 This Article is brought to you for free and open access by the US Geological Survey at DigitalCommons@University of Nebraska - Lincoln. It has been accepted for inclusion in USGS Staff -- Published Research by an authorized administrator of DigitalCommons@University of Nebraska - Lincoln. MAMMALIAN SPECIES 813:1–16 Boselaphus tragocamelus (Artiodactyla: Bovidae) DAVID M. LESLIE,JR. United States Geological Survey, Oklahoma Cooperative Fish and Wildlife Research Unit and Department of Natural Resource Ecology and Management, Oklahoma State University, Stillwater, OK 74078-3051, USA; [email protected] Abstract: Boselaphus tragocamelus (Pallas, 1766) is a bovid commonly called the nilgai or blue bull and is Asia’s largest antelope. A sexually dimorphic ungulate of large stature and unique coloration, it is the only species in the genus Boselaphus. It is endemic to peninsular India and small parts of Pakistan and Nepal, has been extirpated from Bangladesh, and has been introduced in the United States (Texas), Mexico, South Africa, and Italy. It prefers open grassland and savannas and locally is a significant agricultural pest in India. It is not of special conservation concern and is well represented in zoos and private collections throughout the world. DOI: 10.1644/813.1.
    [Show full text]
  • And Wildlife, 1928-72
    Bibliography of Research Publications of the U.S. Bureau of Sport Fisheries and Wildlife, 1928-72 UNITED STATES DEPARTMENT OF THE INTERIOR BUREAU OF SPORT FISHERIES AND WILDLIFE RESOURCE PUBLICATION 120 BIBLIOGRAPHY OF RESEARCH PUBLICATIONS OF THE U.S. BUREAU OF SPORT FISHERIES AND WILDLIFE, 1928-72 Edited by Paul H. Eschmeyer, Division of Fishery Research Van T. Harris, Division of Wildlife Research Resource Publication 120 Published by the Bureau of Sport Fisheries and Wildlife Washington, B.C. 1974 Library of Congress Cataloging in Publication Data Eschmeyer, Paul Henry, 1916 Bibliography of research publications of the U.S. Bureau of Sport Fisheries and Wildlife, 1928-72. (Bureau of Sport Fisheries and Wildlife. Kesource publication 120) Supt. of Docs. no.: 1.49.66:120 1. Fishes Bibliography. 2. Game and game-birds Bibliography. 3. Fish-culture Bibliography. 4. Fishery management Bibliogra­ phy. 5. Wildlife management Bibliography. I. Harris, Van Thomas, 1915- joint author. II. United States. Bureau of Sport Fisheries and Wildlife. III. Title. IV. Series: United States Bureau of Sport Fisheries and Wildlife. Resource publication 120. S914.A3 no. 120 [Z7996.F5] 639'.9'08s [016.639*9] 74-8411 For sale by the Superintendent of Documents, U.S. Government Printing OfTie Washington, D.C. Price $2.30 Stock Number 2410-00366 BIBLIOGRAPHY OF RESEARCH PUBLICATIONS OF THE U.S. BUREAU OF SPORT FISHERIES AND WILDLIFE, 1928-72 INTRODUCTION This bibliography comprises publications in fishery and wildlife research au­ thored or coauthored by research scientists of the Bureau of Sport Fisheries and Wildlife and certain predecessor agencies. Separate lists, arranged alphabetically by author, are given for each of 17 fishery research and 6 wildlife research labora­ tories, stations, investigations, or centers.
    [Show full text]
  • Influence of Parasites on Fitness Parameters of the European Hedgehog (Erinaceus Europaeus)
    Influence of parasites on fitness parameters of the European hedgehog (Erinaceus europaeus ) Zur Erlangung des akademischen Grades eines DOKTORS DER NATURWISSENSCHAFTEN (Dr. rer. nat.) Fakultät für Chemie und Biowissenschaften Karlsruher Institut für Technologie (KIT) – Universitätsbereich vorgelegte DISSERTATION von Miriam Pamina Pfäffle aus Heilbronn Dekan: Prof. Dr. Stefan Bräse Referent: Prof. Dr. Horst Taraschewski Korreferent: Prof. Dr. Agustin Estrada-Peña Tag der mündlichen Prüfung: 19.10.2010 For my mother and my sister – the strongest influences in my life “Nose-to-nose with a hedgehog, you get a chance to look into its eyes and glimpse a spark of truly wildlife.” (H UGH WARWICK , 2008) „Madame Michel besitzt die Eleganz des Igels: außen mit Stacheln gepanzert, eine echte Festung, aber ich ahne vage, dass sie innen auf genauso einfache Art raffiniert ist wie die Igel, diese kleinen Tiere, die nur scheinbar träge, entschieden ungesellig und schrecklich elegant sind.“ (M URIEL BARBERY , 2008) Index of contents Index of contents ABSTRACT 13 ZUSAMMENFASSUNG 15 I. INTRODUCTION 17 1. Parasitism 17 2. The European hedgehog ( Erinaceus europaeus LINNAEUS 1758) 19 2.1 Taxonomy and distribution 19 2.2 Ecology 22 2.3 Hedgehog populations 25 2.4 Parasites of the hedgehog 27 2.4.1 Ectoparasites 27 2.4.2 Endoparasites 32 3. Study aims 39 II. MATERIALS , ANIMALS AND METHODS 41 1. The experimental hedgehog population 41 1.1 Hedgehogs 41 1.2 Ticks 43 1.3 Blood sampling 43 1.4 Blood parameters 45 1.5 Regeneration 47 1.6 Climate parameters 47 2. Hedgehog dissections 48 2.1 Hedgehog samples 48 2.2 Biometrical data 48 2.3 Organs 49 2.4 Parasites 50 3.
    [Show full text]
  • Sarcoptes Scabiei, Psoroptes Ovis
    Mounsey et al. Parasites & Vectors 2012, 5:3 http://www.parasitesandvectors.com/content/5/1/3 RESEARCH Open Access Quantitative PCR-based genome size estimation of the astigmatid mites Sarcoptes scabiei, Psoroptes ovis and Dermatophagoides pteronyssinus Kate E Mounsey1,2, Charlene Willis1, Stewart TG Burgess3, Deborah C Holt4, James McCarthy1,5 and Katja Fischer1* Abstract Background: The lack of genomic data available for mites limits our understanding of their biology. Evolving high- throughput sequencing technologies promise to deliver rapid advances in this area, however, estimates of genome size are initially required to ensure sufficient coverage. Methods: Quantitative real-time PCR was used to estimate the genome sizes of the burrowing ectoparasitic mite Sarcoptes scabiei, the non-burrowing ectoparasitic mite Psoroptes ovis, and the free-living house dust mite Dermatophagoides pteronyssinus. Additionally, the chromosome number of S. scabiei was determined by chromosomal spreads of embryonic cells derived from single eggs. Results: S. scabiei cells were shown to contain 17 or 18 small (< 2 μM) chromosomes, suggesting an XO sex- determination mechanism. The average estimated genome sizes of S. scabiei and P. ovis were 96 (± 7) Mb and 86 (± 2) Mb respectively, among the smallest arthropod genomes reported to date. The D. pteronyssinus genome was estimated to be larger than its parasitic counterparts, at 151 Mb in female mites and 218 Mb in male mites. Conclusions: This data provides a starting point for understanding the genetic organisation and evolution of these astigmatid mites, informing future sequencing projects. A comparitive genomic approach including these three closely related mites is likely to reveal key insights on mite biology, parasitic adaptations and immune evasion.
    [Show full text]
  • Ecology of the Morgan Creek and East Fork of the Salmon River Bighorn Sheep Herds and Management of Bighorn Sheep in Idaho
    Utah State University DigitalCommons@USU All Graduate Theses and Dissertations Graduate Studies 5-1971 Ecology of the Morgan Creek and East Fork of the Salmon River Bighorn Sheep Herds and Management of Bighorn Sheep in Idaho James K. Morgan Utah State University Follow this and additional works at: https://digitalcommons.usu.edu/etd Part of the Other Life Sciences Commons Recommended Citation Morgan, James K., "Ecology of the Morgan Creek and East Fork of the Salmon River Bighorn Sheep Herds and Management of Bighorn Sheep in Idaho" (1971). All Graduate Theses and Dissertations. 1593. https://digitalcommons.usu.edu/etd/1593 This Thesis is brought to you for free and open access by the Graduate Studies at DigitalCommons@USU. It has been accepted for inclusion in All Graduate Theses and Dissertations by an authorized administrator of DigitalCommons@USU. For more information, please contact [email protected]. Frontispiece Adult ewe, lamb, and adult ram ECOLOGY Of THE MORGAN CREEK AND EAST FORK OF · T~ SALMON Rl VER . BIGHORN SHEEP HERDS AND MANAGEMENT OFBIGHQRN SHEEP IN IDAHO by James K. Morgan A thesis submitted in partial fulfi Ilment of the requirements for the degree of MASTER OF SCIENCE in Wi I d I i fa B i 0 logy App rov..ed: ~~jo7 Professor' Coi{m 11teec Memt5'#"r Gomm i ttee Merrfber . DeW &r Graduate Stud i es UTAH STATE UNIV~RSITY Logan, utah 1971 ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS Errol Nielson, Big Game Supervisor for the Idaho Fish and Game Department, deserves my warmest thanks for the patience and under­ standing that encouraged me during difficult times.
    [Show full text]
  • Community Structure of Mites (Acari: Acariformes and Parasitiformes) in Nests of the Semi-Collared Flycatcher (Ficedula Semitorquata) R
    International Research Journal of Natural Sciences Vol.3, No.3, pp.48-53, December 2015 ___Published by European Centre for Research Training and Development UK (www.eajournals.org) COMMUNITY STRUCTURE OF MITES (ACARI: ACARIFORMES AND PARASITIFORMES) IN NESTS OF THE SEMI-COLLARED FLYCATCHER (FICEDULA SEMITORQUATA) R. Davidova, V. Vasilev, N. Ali, J. Bakalova Konstantin Preslavsky University of Shumen, 115, Universitetska Str., Shumen, 9700, Bulgaria. ABSTRACT: The aims of the present paper are to establish the specific structure of communities of prostigmatic and mesostigmatic mites in nests of the semi-collared flycatcher (Ficedula semitorquata) and to compare the fauna with the mites in nests of two other European flycatchers. For analysis of community structure of mites were used the indices: prevalence, relative density, mean intensity and dominance. Mite communities are strongly dominated by the species Dermanyssus gallinae and Ornithonyssus sylviarum, which were found with the highest frequency and dominance. The mite communities are characterized by a large number of subrecedent species. KEYWORDS: Acariformes, Parasitiformes, Nest of Bird, Community Structure INTRODUCTION The nests of different species of birds are an example of a fairly unstable and isolated habitat, with its own dependent on it specific fauna which involves different groups of invertebrate animals. One of the components of this fauna which demonstrates particular abundance is the arthropods, and more specifically, the mites. The studies of Parasitiformes show that mesostigmatic mites living in birds' nests vary both in terms of their species affiliation and the structure of their communities [4, 8]. Highly important with respect to veterinary science and medicine are a number of species, such as Ornithonyssus bursa, Ornithonyssus sylviarum, Dermanyssus gallinae harboured by birds, Ornithonyssus bacoti, harboured by rodents, etc.
    [Show full text]
  • First Report of Rickettsia Raoultii and R. Slovaca in Melophagus Ovinus, The
    Liu et al. Parasites & Vectors (2016) 9:600 DOI 10.1186/s13071-016-1885-7 SHORT REPORT Open Access First report of Rickettsia raoultii and R. slovaca in Melophagus ovinus, the sheep ked Dan Liu1†, Yuan-Zhi Wang2†, Huan Zhang1†, Zhi-Qiang Liu3†, Ha-zi Wureli1, Shi-Wei Wang4, Chang-Chun Tu5 and Chuang-Fu Chen1* Abstract Background: Melophagus ovinus (Diptera: Hippoboscidae), a hematophagous ectoparasite, is mainly found in Europe, Northwestern Africa, and Asia. This wingless fly infests sheep, rabbits, and red foxes, and causes inflammation, wool loss and skin damage. Furthermore, this parasite has been shown to transmit diseases, and plays a role as a vector. Herein, we investigated the presence of various Rickettsia species in M. ovinus. Methods: In this study, a total of 95 sheep keds were collected in Kuqa County and Alaer City southern region of Xinjiang Uygur Autonomous Region, northwestern China. First, collected sheep keds were identified on the species level using morphological keys and molecular methods based on a fragment of the 18S ribosomal DNA gene (18S rDNA). Thereafter, to assess the presence of rickettsial DNA in sheep keds, the DNA of individual samples was screened by PCR based on six Rickettsia-specific gene fragments originating from six genes: the 17-kilodalton antigen gene (17-kDa), 16S rRNA gene (rrs),surfacecellantigen4gene(sca4),citratesynthasegene(gltA), and outer membrane protein A and B genes (ompA and ompB). The amplified products were confirmed by sequencing and BLAST analysis (https://blast.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/Blast.cgi?PROGRAM=blastn&PAGE_TYPE=BlastSearch&LINK_ LOC=blasthome). Results: According to its morphology and results of molecular analysis, the species was identified as Melophagus ovinus,with100%identitytoM.
    [Show full text]
  • The Role of Wild and Domestic Ungulates in Forming the Helminth Fauna of European Bison in Belarus
    Sviatlana Polaz et al. European Bison Conservation Newsletter Vol 10 (2017) pp: 79–86 The role of wild and domestic ungulates in forming the helminth fauna of European bison in Belarus Sviatlana Polaz, Alena Anisimova, Palina Labanouskaya, Aksana Viarbitskaya, Vasili Kudzelich The State Research-Production Association “The Scientifically-Practical Centre of the National Academy of Sciences of Belarus for bio-resources”, Minsk, Belarus Abstract: Discussed is the role of wild and domestic ungulates in the formation of helminth fauna of the European bison in the Republic of Belarus. The current status of helminth infection of E. bison was determined and comparative analysis was conducted regarding the helminth fauna of other wild and domestic ungulates of the Republic of Belarus. Key words: European bison, helminth infection, Belarus Introduction The European bison (Bison bonasus) is a rare terrestrial mammal inhabiting a num- ber of countries including the territory of the Republic of Belarus. To facilitate fur- ther increase of its population, measures for conservation and sound management have been developed, aiming at preserving the already existing European bison population and enriching it with new individuals through an import of animals from other countries. One of present urgent problems in maintenance of European bison are parasitic infestations, since breeding programs carried out in Belarus concern not only the European bison but also other species of large mammals. Therefore an access to complete information about the types of helminths that are capable to affect the health of the E. bison and about factors that influence the formation of helmin- thiases is very important. One of these aspects is the transfer of helminths from one organism to another.
    [Show full text]
  • Morphological and Molecular Studies of Moniezia Sp
    RESEARCH PAPER Zoology Volume : 5 | Issue : 8 | August 2015 | ISSN - 2249-555X Morphological and Molecular Studies of Moniezia Sp. (Cestoda: Anaplocephalidea) A Parasite of the Domestic Goat Capra Hircus (L.) in Aurangabad District (M.S.), India. KEYWORDS Anaplocephalidea, Aurangabad, Capra hircus, India, Moniezia. Amol Thosar Ganesh Misal Department of Zoology, Dr. Babasaheb Ambedkar Department of Zoology, Dr. Babasaheb Ambedkar Marathwada University, Aurangabad - 431004 Marathwada University, Aurangabad - 431004 Arun Gaware Sunita Borde Department of Zoology, Dr. Babasaheb Ambedkar Department of Zoology, Dr. Babasaheb Ambedkar Marathwada University, Aurangabad-431004. Marathwada University, Aurangabad-431004. ABSTRACT Moniezia Sp.Nov. (Cestoda: Anaplocephalidea) is collected in the intestine of Capra hircus, Linnaeus, 1758 (Family: Bovidae) from Aurangabad district (M.S.), India. The present Cestode i.e. Moniezia Sp. Nov. differs other all known species is having the scolex almost squarish, mature proglottids nearly five times broader than long, Craspedote in shape, testes small in size, round to oval, 210-220 in numbers, cirrus pouch oval, ovary horse-shoe shaped, vitelline gland post ovarian.In molecular characterization of the parasites, the genomic DNA were amplified and sequenced. Based upon both morphological data and molecular analysis using bioinformatics tools, the Cestode is identified as confirmed to be representing Moniezia Sp. in mammalian host i.e. Goat. INTRODUCTION among individual orders. In addition to morphological The genus Moniezia was established by Blanchard, 1891. characters that are often variable, difficult to homologies, Skrjabin and Schulz (1937) divided this genus in to three molecular data have been widely used in phylogenetic subgenera as follows: studies of Cestodes generally and these Cestodes particu- larly using many genes and developed techniques as at- 1) Inter proglottidal glands grouped in rosettes--------------- tempts in solving many taxonomic problem.
    [Show full text]