Third-Generation Synchrotron X-Ray Diffraction of 6- M Crystal of Raite, Na 3Mn3ti0.25Si8o20(OH)2 10H2O, Opens up New Chemistry

Total Page:16

File Type:pdf, Size:1020Kb

Third-Generation Synchrotron X-Ray Diffraction of 6- M Crystal of Raite, Na 3Mn3ti0.25Si8o20(OH)2 10H2O, Opens up New Chemistry Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA Vol. 94, pp. 12263–12267, November 1997 Geology Third-generation synchrotron x-ray diffraction of 6-mm crystal of raite, 'Na3Mn3Ti0.25Si8O20(OH)2z10H2O, opens up new chemistry and physics of low-temperature minerals (crystal structureymicrocrystalyphyllosilicate) JOSEPH J. PLUTH*, JOSEPH V. SMITH*†,DMITRY Y. PUSHCHAROVSKY‡,EUGENII I. SEMENOV§,ANDREAS BRAM¶, CHRISTIAN RIEKEL¶,HANS-PETER WEBER¶, AND ROBERT W. BROACHi *Department of Geophysical Sciences, Center for Advanced Radiation Sources, GeologicalySoilyEnvironmental, and Materials Research Science and Engineering Center, 5734 South Ellis Avenue, University of Chicago, Chicago, IL 60637; ‡Department of Geology, Moscow State University, Moscow, 119899, Russia; §Fersman Mineralogical Museum, Russian Academy of Sciences, Moscow, 117071, Russia; ¶European Synchrotron Radiation Facility, BP 220, 38043, Grenoble, France; and UOP Research Center, Des Plaines, IL 60017 Contributed by Joseph V. Smith, September 3, 1997 ABSTRACT The crystal structure of raite was solved and the energy and metal industries, hydrology, and geobiology. refined from data collected at Beamline Insertion Device 13 at Raite lies in the chemical cooling sequence of exotic hyperal- the European Synchrotron Radiation Facility, using a 3 3 3 3 kaline rocks of the Kola Peninsula, Russia, and the 65 mm single crystal. The refined lattice constants of the Monteregian Hills, Canada (2). This hydrated sodium- monoclinic unit cell are a 5 15.1(1) Å; b 5 17.6(1) Å; c 5 manganese silicate extends the already wide range of manga- 5.290(4) Å; b 5 100.5(2)°; space group C2ym. The structure, nese crystal chemistry (3), which includes various complex including all reflections, refined to a final R 5 0.07. Raite oxides in ore deposits and nodules from the sea floor and occurs in hyperalkaline rocks from the Kola peninsula, Rus- certain farming areas, the pyroxmangite analog of the lunar sia. The structure consists of alternating layers of a hexagonal volcanic metasilicate pyroxferroite, the Mn analog yofortierite chicken-wire pattern of 6-membered SiO4 rings. Tetrahedral of the clay mineral palygorskite, and the unnamed Mn analog apices of a chain of Si six-rings, parallel to the c-axis, alternate of sepiolite. in pointing up and down. Two six-ring Si layers are connected Historically, crystal chemistry began with the determination by edge-sharing octahedral bands of Na1 and Mn31 also of the atomic packings in centimeter to millimeter crystals of parallel to c. The band consists of the alternation of finite minerals such as halite and diamond some 80 years ago, using Mn–Mn and Na–Mn–Na chains. As a consequence of the primitive x-ray sources and detectors (Bragg era). It moved on misfit between octahedral and tetrahedral elements, regions to more complex structures in the 1920s and 1930s (era of of the Si–O layers are arched and form one-dimensional Pauling, Taylor, and other crystal chemists) as hot-cathode channels bounded by 12 Si tetrahedra and 2 Na octahedra. The x-ray machines became powerful enough for submillimeter channels along the short c-axis in raite are filled by isolated crystals. By the 1960s, new mathematical techniques coupled Na(OH,H2O)6 octahedra. The distorted octahedrally coordi- with the most intense laboratory x-ray sources and sensitive nated Ti41 also resides in the channel and provides the weak detectors allowed structure determination of single crystals linkage of these isolated Na octahedra and the mixed octa- down to about 0.05 mm, leading to comprehensive crystal- hedral tetrahedral framework. Raite is structurally related to chemical reviews (4–7). In the 1970s, the available x-ray intersilite, palygorskite, sepiolite, and amphibole. intensity began to increase dramatically as ‘‘synchrotron’’ radiation was extracted from bending magnets of synchronized Natural processes selected some 4,000 known mineral species accelerators originally designed for high-energy physics. New (Nomenclature Committee of the International Mineralogical generations of dedicated synchrotron sources are providing Association), of which several hundred have industrial appli- further advances in the intensity and particularly the quality cations. Most occur at the Earth’s surface. The crystal struc- [narrow angular divergence and energy spread; controlled tures of minerals are the key to understanding chemical and polarization; tunability from high (100 keV) to low energy]. physical processes on Earth, and for testing remote observa- The third-generation synchrotron x-ray sources are designed tions and ideas on the Solar System and Universe. Agriculture, around multi-magnet insertion devices (‘‘undulators’’ and the energy and metal industries, hydrology, and geobiology, in ‘‘wigglers’’). The European Synchrotron Research Facility particular, are based on chemical reactions in and on micro- (ESRF) in Grenoble, France (operational), the Advanced meter mineral grains. The petroleum and chemical industries Photon Source in Argonne, Illinois (commissioning), and the use zeolite catalysts (1), many of which are analogous with the Super Photon Ring-8 in Harima Science Garden City, Japan rare mineral faujasite. All advances in scientific technology (commissioning), permit various types of microanalysis (8), permit new science, and indeed should be driven thereby. including determination of the crystal structure of micrometer About one-fifth of known minerals lack a structure determi- single crystals, when beamlines are fully optimized by subtle nation,** mainly because crystals are too small or imperfect improvements in x-ray focusing, data collection, and computer for laboratory x-ray sources. This determination of the crystal processing. Second-generation synchrotron x-ray beams have structure of raite by using x-rays from a third-generation revolutionized the determination of a crystal structure from a synchrotron source opens the gate to a new field of micro- near-random powder of pure, well-crystallized material (9), geochemistry, which has important applications to agriculture, Abbreviation: ESRF, European Synchrotron Radiation Facility. † The publication costs of this article were defrayed in part by page charge To whom reprint requests should be addressed. e-mail: smith@ geo1.uchicago.edu. payment. This article must therefore be hereby marked ‘‘advertisement’’ in **See Crystal Structures of Minerals and Chemical Analogs, an unpub- accordance with 18 U.S.C. §1734 solely to indicate this fact. lished database updated weekly, compiled by J.V.S. at the University © 1997 by The National Academy of Sciences 0027-8424y97y9412263-5$2.00y0 of Chicago. Requests on specific minerals answered at smith@ PNAS is available online at http:yywww.pnas.org. geo1.uchicago.edu. 12263 Downloaded by guest on September 23, 2021 12264 Geology: Pluth et al. Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA 94 (1997) but they lack the brilliance needed to determine the structure MATERIALS AND METHODS of a single crystal selected from the powder. Impure samples 3 of a poorly crystallized phase require single-crystal diffraction A single crystal with dimensions 3 3 3 3 65 mm , on a glass studies using third-generation synchrotron x-ray sources cou- fiber tapered to 1 mm, was mounted on a single-crystal pled with other techniques, including electron diffractiony k-geometry diffractometer at the ESRF (11). An x-ray beam microscopy and various spectroscopies. The third-generation from an undulator was focused to 30 mm by an ellipsoidal insertion devices provide x-ray beams intense enough for study mirror, and monochromatized to 0.6883 Å (18 keV) by a of single crystals somewhat smaller than 1 mm. channel-cut Si(111) crystal cooled by liquid nitrogen. Only half Current progress in recording diffraction data for small the volume or about 300 mm3 of the crystal was actually crystals is reviewed by Harding (10). Monochromatic data irradiated. Seventy-three frames were collected on a charged- recorded on a FAST ‘‘conventional’’ diffractometer has per- coupled area detector (11-cm fluorescent screen with lens mitted structure determination for crystals as small as 20–40 coupling) by rotating f 10° in 20 sec. mm, corresponding to crystal volume 3 scattering power of The DENZO program (14) yielded refined lattice constants of '5 3 1012 e2zÅ23. Usable synchrotron diffraction data have the monoclinic unit cell: a 5 15.1(1) Å; b 5 17.6(1) Å; c 5 been obtained from various crystals less than 1 mm3, including 5.290(4) Å; b 5 100.5(2)°; V 5 1382.33 Å3; space group C2ym. a study of thin plates of kaolinite at ESRF (11). SHELXTL (15) yielded solution and refinement of the crystal There are problems with the interpretation of diffuse dif- structure by using 6,599 reflections merged to 1,164 unique fraction streaks from small crystals such as the kaolinite plates. reflections: R(merge) 5 0.05; R 5 0.07. The final difference Such thin plates, and also narrow needles, may have insuffi- Fourier map was featureless: drmaximum and minimum were cient scatterers along the short directions. More complex and 0.98 eyÅ3 and 20.82 eyÅ3. Of the 3,080 reflections that should challenging is to evaluate diffuse scattering in terms of the be absent from C-centering, 325 were observed weakly above chemical and physical changes at the surface, where the atomic 1 s. Refinement in P2ym yielded essentially the same struc- environment must be different from the interior. Careful ture. Possible ordering of Ti in a weakly occupied site, or an control of the humidity will be neeeded for study of micro- intergrowth of raite with a second phase, needs further study. meter crystals that respond to hydrogen bonding. Even a Qualitative x-ray emission analysis of the needle with a microcrystal of diamond must have some type of termination Cameca SX-50 electron microprobe confirmed the major Mn, for the projecting electron orbitals, perhaps hydrogen or Na, Si, and minor Ti in the original three bulk chemical oxygen. analyses. Quantitative electron-probe analysis was ruled out by Hence a growing challenge for study of micrometer minerals decomposition in the electron beam.
Recommended publications
  • Mineral Processing
    Mineral Processing Foundations of theory and practice of minerallurgy 1st English edition JAN DRZYMALA, C. Eng., Ph.D., D.Sc. Member of the Polish Mineral Processing Society Wroclaw University of Technology 2007 Translation: J. Drzymala, A. Swatek Reviewer: A. Luszczkiewicz Published as supplied by the author ©Copyright by Jan Drzymala, Wroclaw 2007 Computer typesetting: Danuta Szyszka Cover design: Danuta Szyszka Cover photo: Sebastian Bożek Oficyna Wydawnicza Politechniki Wrocławskiej Wybrzeze Wyspianskiego 27 50-370 Wroclaw Any part of this publication can be used in any form by any means provided that the usage is acknowledged by the citation: Drzymala, J., Mineral Processing, Foundations of theory and practice of minerallurgy, Oficyna Wydawnicza PWr., 2007, www.ig.pwr.wroc.pl/minproc ISBN 978-83-7493-362-9 Contents Introduction ....................................................................................................................9 Part I Introduction to mineral processing .....................................................................13 1. From the Big Bang to mineral processing................................................................14 1.1. The formation of matter ...................................................................................14 1.2. Elementary particles.........................................................................................16 1.3. Molecules .........................................................................................................18 1.4. Solids................................................................................................................19
    [Show full text]
  • Alphab Etical Index
    ALPHAB ETICAL INDEX Names of authors are printed in SMALLCAPITALS, subjects in lower-case roman, and localities in italics; book reviews are placed at the end. ABDUL-SAMAD, F. A., THOMAS, J. H., WILLIAMS, P. A., BLASI, A., tetrahedral A1 in alkali feldspar, 465 and SYMES, R. F., lanarkite, 499 BORTNIKOV, N. S., see BRESKOVSKA, V. V., 357 AEGEAN SEA, Santorini I., iron oxide mineralogy, 89 Boulangerite, 360 Aegirine, Scotland, in trachyte, 399 BRAITHWAITE, R. S. W., and COOPER, B. V., childrenite, /~kKERBLOM, G. V., see WILSON, M. R., 233 119 ALDERTON, D. H. M., see RANKIN, A. H., 179 Braunite, mineralogy and genesis, 506 Allanite, Scotland, 445 BRESKOVSKA, V. V., MOZGOVA, N. N., BORTNIKOV, N. S., Aluminosilicate-sodalites, X-ray study, 459 GORSHKOV, A. I., and TSEPIN, A. I., ardaite, 357 Amphibole, microstructures and phase transformations, BROOKS, R. R., see WATTERS, W. A., 510 395; Greenland, 283 BULGARIA, Madjarovo deposit, ardaite, 357 Andradite, in banded iron-formation assemblage, 127 ANGUS, N. S., AND KANARIS-SOTIRIOU, R., autometa- Calcite, atomic arrangement on twin boundaries, 265 somatic gneisses, 411 CANADA, SASKATCHEWAN, uranium occurrences in Cree Anthophyllite, asbestiform, morphology and alteration, Lake Zone, 163 77 CANTERFORD, J. H., see HILL, R. J., 453 Aragonite, atomic arrangements on twin boundaries, Carbonatite, evolution and nomenclature, 13 265 CARPENTER, M. A., amphibole microstructures, 395 Ardaite, Bulgaria, new mineral, 357 Cassiterite, SW England, U content, 211 Arfvedsonite, Scotland, in trachyte, 399 Cebollite, in kimberlite, correction, 274 ARVlN, M., pumpellyite in basic igneous rocks, 427 CHANNEL ISLANDS, Guernsey, meladiorite layers, 301; ASCENSION ISLAND, RE-rich eudialyte, 421 Jersey, wollastonite and epistilbite, 504; mineralization A TKINS, F.
    [Show full text]
  • Petrology of Nepheline Syenite Pegmatites in the Oslo Rift, Norway: Zr and Ti Mineral Assemblages in Miaskitic and Agpaitic Pegmatites in the Larvik Plutonic Complex
    MINERALOGIA, 44, No 3-4: 61-98, (2013) DOI: 10.2478/mipo-2013-0007 www.Mineralogia.pl MINERALOGICAL SOCIETY OF POLAND POLSKIE TOWARZYSTWO MINERALOGICZNE __________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ Original paper Petrology of nepheline syenite pegmatites in the Oslo Rift, Norway: Zr and Ti mineral assemblages in miaskitic and agpaitic pegmatites in the Larvik Plutonic Complex Tom ANDERSEN1*, Muriel ERAMBERT1, Alf Olav LARSEN2, Rune S. SELBEKK3 1 Department of Geosciences, University of Oslo, PO Box 1047 Blindern, N-0316 Oslo Norway; e-mail: [email protected] 2 Statoil ASA, Hydroveien 67, N-3908 Porsgrunn, Norway 3 Natural History Museum, University of Oslo, Sars gate 1, N-0562 Oslo, Norway * Corresponding author Received: December, 2010 Received in revised form: May 15, 2012 Accepted: June 1, 2012 Available online: November 5, 2012 Abstract. Agpaitic nepheline syenites have complex, Na-Ca-Zr-Ti minerals as the main hosts for zirconium and titanium, rather than zircon and titanite, which are characteristic for miaskitic rocks. The transition from a miaskitic to an agpaitic crystallization regime in silica-undersaturated magma has traditionally been related to increasing peralkalinity of the magma, but halogen and water contents are also important parameters. The Larvik Plutonic Complex (LPC) in the Permian Oslo Rift, Norway consists of intrusions of hypersolvus monzonite (larvikite), nepheline monzonite (lardalite) and nepheline syenite. Pegmatites ranging in composition from miaskitic syenite with or without nepheline to mildly agpaitic nepheline syenite are the latest products of magmatic differentiation in the complex. The pegmatites can be grouped in (at least) four distinct suites from their magmatic Ti and Zr silicate mineral assemblages.
    [Show full text]
  • Chemical Composition and Petrogenetic Implications of Eudialyte-Group Mineral in the Peralkaline Lovozero Complex, Kola Peninsula, Russia
    minerals Article Chemical Composition and Petrogenetic Implications of Eudialyte-Group Mineral in the Peralkaline Lovozero Complex, Kola Peninsula, Russia Lia Kogarko 1,* and Troels F. D. Nielsen 2 1 Vernadsky Institute of Geochemistry and Analytical Chemistry, Russian Academy of Sciences, 119991 Moscow, Russia 2 Geological Survey of Denmark and Greenland, 1350 Copenhagen, Denmark; [email protected] * Correspondence: [email protected] Received: 23 September 2020; Accepted: 16 November 2020; Published: 20 November 2020 Abstract: Lovozero complex, the world’s largest layered peralkaline intrusive complex hosts gigantic deposits of Zr-, Hf-, Nb-, LREE-, and HREE-rich Eudialyte Group of Mineral (EGM). The petrographic relations of EGM change with time and advancing crystallization up from Phase II (differentiated complex) to Phase III (eudialyte complex). EGM is anhedral interstitial in all of Phase II which indicates that EGM nucleated late relative to the main rock-forming and liquidus minerals of Phase II. Saturation in remaining bulk melt with components needed for nucleation of EGM was reached after the crystallization about 85 vol. % of the intrusion. Early euhedral and idiomorphic EGM of Phase III crystalized in a large convective volume of melt together with other liquidus minerals and was affected by layering processes and formation of EGM ore. Consequently, a prerequisite for the formation of the ore deposit is saturation of the alkaline bulk magma with EGM. It follows that the potential for EGM ores in Lovozero is restricted to the parts of the complex that hosts cumulus EGM. Phase II with only anhedral and interstitial EGM is not promising for this type of ore.
    [Show full text]
  • New Minerals Approved Bythe Ima Commission on New
    NEW MINERALS APPROVED BY THE IMA COMMISSION ON NEW MINERALS AND MINERAL NAMES ALLABOGDANITE, (Fe,Ni)l Allabogdanite, a mineral dimorphous with barringerite, was discovered in the Onello iron meteorite (Ni-rich ataxite) found in 1997 in the alluvium of the Bol'shoy Dolguchan River, a tributary of the Onello River, Aldan River basin, South Yakutia (Republic of Sakha- Yakutia), Russia. The mineral occurs as light straw-yellow, with strong metallic luster, lamellar crystals up to 0.0 I x 0.1 x 0.4 rnrn, typically twinned, in plessite. Associated minerals are nickel phosphide, schreibersite, awaruite and graphite (Britvin e.a., 2002b). Name: in honour of Alia Nikolaevna BOG DAN OVA (1947-2004), Russian crys- tallographer, for her contribution to the study of new minerals; Geological Institute of Kola Science Center of Russian Academy of Sciences, Apatity. fMA No.: 2000-038. TS: PU 1/18632. ALLOCHALCOSELITE, Cu+Cu~+PbOZ(Se03)P5 Allochalcoselite was found in the fumarole products of the Second cinder cone, Northern Breakthrought of the Tolbachik Main Fracture Eruption (1975-1976), Tolbachik Volcano, Kamchatka, Russia. It occurs as transparent dark brown pris- matic crystals up to 0.1 mm long. Associated minerals are cotunnite, sofiite, ilin- skite, georgbokiite and burn site (Vergasova e.a., 2005). Name: for the chemical composition: presence of selenium and different oxidation states of copper, from the Greek aA.Ao~(different) and xaAxo~ (copper). fMA No.: 2004-025. TS: no reliable information. ALSAKHAROVITE-Zn, NaSrKZn(Ti,Nb)JSi401ZJz(0,OH)4·7HzO photo 1 Labuntsovite group Alsakharovite-Zn was discovered in the Pegmatite #45, Lepkhe-Nel'm MI.
    [Show full text]
  • Download the Scanned
    THn AMERICex N{INERALocIST JOURNAL OF THE MINERALOGICAL SOCIETY OF'AMERICA Vol. 21 MAY, 1936 No. 5 PYROXMANGITE, NEW LOCALITY: IDENTITY OF SOBRALITE AND PYROXMANGITE E. P. HBxoERSoN,U. S. IVationolMuseum, AND Jrwor,r, J. Glass, U. S. GeologicalSuraey.r Tanr-r or ConrBNrs t. Summary zlJ 2 Introduction. 274 3. Description of mineral 275 Physical properties 275 Optical properties Chemical composition 278 Alteration 279 4 Pyroxmangite from Iva, South Caiolina 279 5. Identity of sobralite with pyroxmangite 280 6. X-ray powder photographs 286 7. Relationship of pyroxmangite to rhodonite 287 1. Suruuanv The discovery of a new locality for pyroxmangite provided material for a rather complete study of this little-known triclinic manganese and iron pyroxene, and established Idaho as a second occurrenceof the mineral in America. Physical, optical, chemical, and *,-ray properties of the new mineral show close agreement with those of the mineral from the original locality atlva, South Carolina. The indices of refraction are slightly lower in the Idaho material, due probably to a correspondingly Iower iron content. A careful study of the mineral from Sweden, called sobralite, revealed its identity with pyroxmangite, a name which has four years'priority over sobralite. A comparative study of pyroxmangite with rhodonite (both iron-rich and iron-poor varieties) shows distinct differencesin the birefringence and axial angle. X-ray patterns indicate a structural differencebetween the two minerals that, in the light of our present knowledge, justifies the retention of both mineral species.A com- plete structural analysis, however, may be necessary to establish the definite relationship of pyroxmangite to rhodonite.
    [Show full text]
  • Petrology of Mn Carbonate–Silicate Rocks from the Gangpur Group, India
    View metadata, citation and similar papers at core.ac.uk brought to you by CORE provided by eprints@NML Journal of Asian Earth Sciences 25 (2005) 773–780 www.elsevier.com/locate/jaes Petrology of Mn carbonate–silicate rocks from the Gangpur Group, India B.K. Mohapatraa,*, B. Nayakb aRegional Research Laboratory (CSIR), Bhubaneswar 751 013, India bNational Metallurgical Laboratory (CSIR), Jamshedpur 831 007, India Received 11 April 2003; revised 6 February 2004; accepted 21 July 2004 Abstract Metamorphosed Mn carbonate–silicate rocks with or without oxides (assemblage I) and Mn silicate–oxide rocks with minor Mn carbonate (assemblage II) occur as conformable lenses within metapelites and metacherts of the Precambrian Gangpur Group, India. The petrology of the carbonate minerals: rhodochrosite, kutnahorite, and calcite that occur in these two assemblages is reported. Early stabilisation of spessartine, aegirine, quartz, and carbonates (in a wide solid solution range) was followed by pyroxmangite, tephroite, rhodonite through decarbonation reactions. Subsequently, jacobsite, hematite, braunite, hollandite and hausmannite have formed by decarbonation–oxidation processes during prograde metamorphism. Textural characteristics and chemical composition of constituent phases suggest that the mineral assemblages reflect a complex ! w relationship between protolithic composition, variation of XCO2 ( 0.2 to 0.3) and oxygen fugacity. A variation of XCO2 and fO2 would imply internal buffering of pore fluids through mineral reactions that produced diverse assemblages in the carbonate bearing manganiferous rocks. A minor change in temperature (from around 400 to 450 8C) does not appear to have had any major influence on the formation of different mineral associations. q 2004 Elsevier Ltd.
    [Show full text]
  • Hatntre from POQOS DE CALDAS, MINAS GERAIS, BRAZIL
    9l The Canadian M ineralo gi st Vol. 37, pp. 91-98 (1999) HAtNtrEFROM POQOS DE CALDAS,MINAS GERAIS, BRAZIL DANIEL ATENCIOI, JOS6 M.V. COUTINHO, MABEL N.C. ULBRICH ENO SILVIO R.F. VLACH Departamento de Mineralogia e Petrologia, Instituto de Geoci€ncias, Universidnde de Sdo Paulo, Caixa Postal 11348,05422-970 Sdo Paulo, SP,Brasil RAMIZA K. RASTSVETAEVAANDDMITRY YU. PUSHCHAROVSKY Department of Geology, Moscow State University, Moscow, 119899, Russia Aesrnecr Hainite occurs in evolved alkaline rocks (nepheline syenites and tinguaites) of the Pogos de Caldas massif, Minas Gerais, Brazil It forms pale brownish yellow anhedral, elongate or tabular crystals. The crystals display a perfect { 100J cleavage, indistinct and irregular {010} and [001 ] cleavages,and twinning on { 100} that may be eitber simple or lamellar. Its streakis pale yellow. Hainite is generally poikilitic (except inside the vugs), enclosing alkali feldspar, nepheline and other minerals. Optically, themineralisbiaxial(+),withcrI.662(l),B1663(l),11.675(1),2v2@bs.)30to45",2V,(calc)32.4".Dispersionr<vcrossed, very strong. Its pleochroic schemeis: X colorless, Ycolorless to pale yellow, and Z golden yellow. The mineral is triclinic, space grolp Pl, a 9.584(2),b 7.267(2), c 5.708(1)A, ct 89.85(2),9 101.22(2),t 101.03(1f , V 382.50 Ar, Z= 1. The calculateddensity is 3.170 g/cm3. The strongestseven lines ofthe observed X-ray powder-diffraction pattern ldin A(l)(hkl)l are 3.081(100X300), 2.970(43)(021),2.635(11)(202),l.9}4tl})t421),2.312(9)Gm),2.496(8X301) and 3 .966(7)(201).The empirical formulae, derived from results of electron-microprobe analyses, are in good agreement with the structural formula [Na2Ca[Ti(OH)2(Si2O7)2]] {Ca3(CasTMnslFes 1Ce61)}F2.
    [Show full text]
  • JOHNSENITE-(Ce): a NEW MEMBER of the EUDIALYTE GROUP from MONT SAINT-HILAIRE, QUEBEC, CANADA
    105 The Canadian Mineralogist Vol. 44, pp. 105-115 (2006) JOHNSENITE-(Ce): A NEW MEMBER OF THE EUDIALYTE GROUP FROM MONT SAINT-HILAIRE, QUEBEC, CANADA JOEL D. GRICE§ AND ROBERT A. GAULT Canadian Museum of Nature, P.O. Box 3443, Station D, Ottawa, Ontario K1P 6P4, Canada ABSTRACT Johnsenite-(Ce), ideally Na12(Ce,La,Sr,Ca,M)3Ca6Mn3Zr3W(Si25O73)(CO3)(OH,Cl)2, is a new member of the eudialyte group from Mont Saint-Hilaire, Quebec, and is the W analogue of zirsilite-(Ce). It occurs as deeply etched, skeletal crystals to 4 mm and aggregates of crystals to 1 cm. Associated minerals include, albite, calcite, pectolite, aegirine, fluorapophyllite, zirsilite-(Ce), a burbankite- group phase, dawsonite, rhodochrosite, epididymite, galena, molybdenite, pyrite, pyrrhotite, quartz, an amphibole-group mineral, sphalerite, stillwellite-(Ce), titanite, cerite-(Ce), tuperssuatsiaite, steacyite, catapleiite, zakharovite, natrolite and microcline. It is transparent to translucent with a vitreous luster and white streak. It is brittle with a Mohs hardness of 5–6. It has no discernable cleavage or parting and an uneven fracture. It is uniaxial negative with v 1.648(1) and 1.637(1). It is trigonal, space group R3m, a 14.237(3) and c 30.03(1) Å, V 5271(2) Å3, Z = 3. The eight strongest X-ray powder-diffrac- tion lines, measured for johnsenite-(Ce) [d in Å (I)(hkl)] are: 11.308(95)(101), 9.460(81)(012), 4.295(34)(205), 3.547(36)(220), 3.395(38)(131), 3.167(75)(217), 2.968(100)(315) and 2.849(81)(404).
    [Show full text]
  • Primary and Secondary Mineralogy of the Ilímaussaq Alkaline Complex, South Greenland
    Primary and secondary mineralogy of the Ilímaussaq alkaline complex, South Greenland Henrik Friis1, a 1 Natural History Museum, University of Oslo, PO 1172 Blindern, 0318 Oslo, Norway a corresponding author: [email protected] Recommended citation: Friis, H. 2015. Primary and secondary mineralogy of the Ilímaussaq alkaline complex, South Greenland. In: Simandl, G.J. and Neetz, M., (Eds.), Symposium on Strategic and Critical Materials Proceedings, November 13-14, 2015, Victoria, British Columbia, British Columbia Ministry of Energy and Mines, British Columbia Geological Survey Paper 2015-3, pp. 83-89. 1. Introduction 2. Geology The Ilímaussaq alkaline complex is among the largest known The Ilímaussaq complex consists of three main intrusive alkaline complexes in the world and has been studied since suites (Fig. 1): 1) an augite syenite, which forms the shell of the early 19th century, when Giesecke explored Greenland for the complex, cuts the Julianehåb granite in the south and a minerals. More than 230 different mineral species occur in series of sedimentary rocks and volcanic fl ows in the north; the complex. Ilímaussaq is the type locality for 34 minerals, 2) peralkaline granites and quartz syenites; and 3) alkaline including 15 that have not been reported elsewhere. Some of nepheline syenites. The sodalite-rich nepheline syenite naujaite these are rock-forming minerals and thus, although unique to occurs under the roof whereas the kakortokites are in the lower Ilímaussaq, may not be considered rare. part of the complex. The lujavrites are the youngest, forming a Among the minerals fi rst described from Ilímaussaq are horizon between the naujaites and kakortokites.
    [Show full text]
  • Eudialyte Decomposition Minerals with New Hitherto Undescribed Phases from the Ilímaussaq Complex, South Greenland
    View metadata,Downloaded citation and from similar orbit.dtu.dk papers on:at core.ac.uk Dec 18, 2017 brought to you by CORE provided by Online Research Database In Technology Eudialyte decomposition minerals with new hitherto undescribed phases from the Ilímaussaq complex, South Greenland Karup-Møller, Sven; Rose-Hansen, J.; Sørensen, H. Published in: Geological Society of Denmark. Bulletin Publication date: 2010 Document Version Publisher's PDF, also known as Version of record Link back to DTU Orbit Citation (APA): Karup-Møller, S., Rose-Hansen, J., & Sørensen, H. (2010). Eudialyte decomposition minerals with new hitherto undescribed phases from the Ilímaussaq complex, South Greenland. Geological Society of Denmark. Bulletin, 58, 75-88. General rights Copyright and moral rights for the publications made accessible in the public portal are retained by the authors and/or other copyright owners and it is a condition of accessing publications that users recognise and abide by the legal requirements associated with these rights. • Users may download and print one copy of any publication from the public portal for the purpose of private study or research. • You may not further distribute the material or use it for any profit-making activity or commercial gain • You may freely distribute the URL identifying the publication in the public portal If you believe that this document breaches copyright please contact us providing details, and we will remove access to the work immediately and investigate your claim. Eudialyte decomposition minerals with new hitherto undescribed phases from the Ilímaussaq complex, South Greenland S. Karup-MøllEr, J. roSE-HanSEn & H. SørEnSEn S.
    [Show full text]
  • The Anorthic Iron-Manganese Silicate, Pyroxmangite Has Now Been Recognisedfrom Four Localities: Iva (South Carolina); Tunaberg and Vester Silvberg, Sweden;Idaho
    PYROXMANGITE FROM INVERNESS-SHIRE, SCOTLAND . C. E. Trr,rov, Cambridge,England.. ' The anorthic iron-manganese silicate, pyroxmangite has now been recognisedfrom four localities: Iva (South Carolina); Tunaberg and Vester Silvberg, Sweden;Idaho. At the Swedish localities the mineral was originally described under the name of sobralite (Palmgren l9I7), but the comparative studies of Henderson and Glass (1936) have shown that sobralite has so closeagree- ment in optical characters with the previously described pyroxmangite that the identity of these two minerals can be regarded as established. The discovery of a further occurrence of pyroxmangite among the Lewisian rocks of Scotland has provided additional data on this inter- esting mineral. Frc. 1. Pyroxmangite-grunerite-garnet schist, Glen Beag, Glenelg, Inverness-shire. The constituents visible are pyroxmangite (most abundant), grunerite and magnetite. Spessartine-alamandine is present in adjacent portions of the slice. 26 diams. The Lewisian inlier of Glenelg, fnverness-shire contains among its para-gneissesa group of manganiferous eulysites and related grunerite schists (Tilley 1936), and from one outcrop of these latter rocks both pyroxmangite and rhodonite are now recorded. The pyroxmangite forms an important constituent of a manganiferous 720 IOURNAL MINEK LOGICAL SOCIETV OF AMEKICA 721 schist interbedded with a series of para-gneisses comprising biotite epidote gneisses,amphibole schists and lensesof limestone in the gorge of Glen Beag, Glenelg (1" sheet 71, GeologicalSurvey Scotland). The rock type with which the pyroxmangite is more intimately associated is a grunerite garnet schist carrying in placesveins of rhodonite up to 1 " in width. The constituent minerals of the principal band of rock are grunerite, manganiferous garnet, magnetite, pyroxmangite together with accessoryhedenbergite, iron hypersthene and pyrrhotite (Fig.
    [Show full text]