Plant Proteins: a Key Lever to Accelerate Food System Transformation

Planta key lever proteins: to accelerate food system transformation 2 : a key lever to accelerate food system transformation Plant proteins Contents

1 Introduction | 5 A key lever to reduce environmental impacts is a dietary shift to more plant-based foods 7 What is protein? 8

2 State of the world and outlook for plant protein production and consumption | 9

3 Hurdles and levers to scaling up plant proteins globally | 13

1. Supporting a healthy and sustainable transition to plant protein production 13 2. Increasing global demand for diverse plant proteins 13 3. Reorienting policies and regulations 14 4. Reflecting the true value of food with a long-term perspective 14

4 Mapping of existing initiatives | 16

5 Solution spaces | 24 ENABLE: Engage investors, businesses and policy-makers to support dietary shifts 24 PULL: Create the market conditions to increase plant protein demand 24 INSPIRE: Develop and promote a global narrative to positively position plant proteins 25 CULTIVATE: Build a thriving, sustainable supply of plant proteins from the ground up using sustainable agriculture 25

6 Conclusion | 26

: a key lever to accelerate food system transformation 3 Plant proteins FoodAbout Reform for FReSH• Healthy and sustainable, from This report is a call for action Sustainability and Health fork to farm; for the business community and beyond to understand that (FReSH) is a project of the • Food loss and waste; Food & Nature Program business as usual is no longer of the World Business • True value of food; an option and to find ways to scale up plant proteins to deliver Council for Sustainable • Policy and advocacy. Development (WBCSD). healthy, enjoyable diets for all. The healthy and sustainable We will complement these We take a ’fork to farm’ from fork to farm workstream documents with a FReSH approach, starting with what accelerates the development roadmap to be launched at the people consume and focusing of business-led solutions with Global Nutrition Summit in Tokyo on the dietary and production the biggest positive health and containing a concrete action plan shifts that are required, to environmental impacts – as for positive nutrition, protein and develop, implement and scale outlined in FReSH’s sustainable plants. transformative business solutions and healthy diets report that are aligned with science- published in 2018, as well as based targets. FReSH emerged international publications issued from the WBCSD and EAT the following year. We do this by Partnership. focusing on the following topics:

FReSH facilitates the pre- • Accelerating the delivery of competitive collaboration of positive nutrition by the food over 30 member companies industry; to accelerate transformational change in the food system • Scaling-up healthy and in order to reach healthy, sustainable protein enjoyable diets for all, produced production and consumption; responsibly within planetary • Stimulating the healthy and boundaries. We focus on areas sustainable production and where business can have consumption of a diversity of the most impact, along four nutrient-rich plants. transformational goals:

Defining key terms: • A plant-based diet is a diet comprised of foods mainly sourced from plants. • A plant-based food is a food coming from any part of a plant; an animal-based food is a food sourced from animals, including meat, fish and dairy products. • A plant-based product is a processed product derived from plant ingredients. • A plant protein is a protein found within a plant-based food or product. • A plant-based protein is a protein derived from plants that can be isolated and added to another product.

4 : a key lever to accelerate food system transformation Plant proteins 1 Introduction

: a key lever to accelerate food system transformation 5 Plant proteins 1 Introduction A KEY LEVER TO REDUCE ENVIRONMENTAL IMPACTS IS A DIETARY SHIFT TO MORE PLANT-BASED FOODS The global food system provides agriculture (see figure captions Thus, rebalancing diets with billions of people with energy, for more details). more plant-based foods protein and other nutrients to – especially in countries support daily life. Yet it is also a Animal-based foods tend to have dominated by Western diets major source of greenhouse gas higher environmental impacts where animal proteins are 12,13,14 emissions, it is depleting natural than plant-based foods. overconsumed – provides resources and fails to secure Regardless of the production an opportunity to reduce healthy diets for all communities system, livestock are major greenhouse GHG emissions, around the world.1,2,3,4 We have emitters of greenhouse gases. the amount of land required for an urgent need to transform They represent about 14.5% agriculture, natural resource our food system to achieve the of all human-induced GHG consumption, chemical input Sustainable Development Goals emissions (which would use and biodiversity loss.19, 20 (SDGs). be roughly equivalent to To ensure the realization of this 7.8 gigatons carbon dioxide opportunity and a balanced and Consensus is increasing on the equivalent (CO2e) in 2018) and diverse market of plant-based best pathways to transform the about 50% of emissions from foods will require both farm- 15,16 global food system to ensure a agriculture. As discussed level (e.g., to improve nitrogen sustainable and healthy future. in the FReSH “People, Planet, conversion efficiency from Thought leaders from the Protein – What’s the Plan?” fertilizer to plant protein) and 17 scientific community and civil Science to Solutions Dialogue, system-level interventions. society highlight the opportunity these high GHG emissions to improve health and promote are attributable to the fact global sustainability by shifting to that it is necessary to feed plant-based diets.5,6,7,8,9 animals throughout their life and ruminants such as cows Figure 1 presents in graphic release large quantities of enteric format the respective impacts of methane, a potent greenhouse potential of business solutions to gas.18 mitigate greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions from land-use and

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6 : a key lever to accelerate food system transformation Plant proteins WHY FOCUS ON PLANT PROTEINS? Central to the discussion on In developed countries, there is As such, any strategy to achieve a transforming the global food a clear need – and a tremendous transformational shift in the food system is protein. Proteins are opportunity – to reach the system provides an opportunity essential for the human body; right protein intake levels and to address social issues such therefore, consuming adequate rebalance the protein mix by as access to healthy foods and protein is vital to ensuring basic promoting the production and securing farmer income and human health. Moreover, foods consumption of plant proteins. livelihoods. In the transition to containing proteins are an Increased plant protein offerings a more diverse plant protein important part of what makes can help balance and diversify offering, it is essential to include food appealing in terms of aroma, diets, thereby fostering good farmers to ensure there is no risk taste and texture. The amount health and nutrition, decreasing of income instability. of protein an individual person environmental damage and requires depends on many improving social factors such A sustainable global food system factors (e.g., gender, weight, as food security and farmer will require work to ensure the physical activity) but generally livelihoods. accessibility and availability of falls in the range of 40-70 grams a variety of high-quality and per day for adults across the Pathways to achieving optimal nutritious plant proteins for globe.21 In Europe, North America protein intake and balance differ people across different cultures and an increasing number of according to the development and incomes. developing regions, many people level and sociocultural habits of different regions. In many In the plant protein today consume more protein workstream, we identify and than biologically necessary. This developed regions, like the Europe and United States, support the best solutions overconsumption of proteins to scale-up a variety of plant parallels a greater consumption balancing protein intake requires a reduction in animal protein proteins globally, promoting of animal proteins instead of plant a sustainable and healthy proteins. consumption. In other regions, such as Africa and India, which balance of plant and animal In Europe, the share of protein have a high plant protein intake,26 proteins. Together with from animal sources (meat, eggs, the challenge is to ensure the our members, we focus on dairy) compared to total protein population can maintain or driving the specific solutions increased from 48% in 1960 improve access to an optimal where we can achieve the to over 60% in recent years.22 mix of protein sources along with highest potential impact Rising levels are also occurring in socioeconomic growth. through collaboration. China, with an enormous global impact.23 Generally, the dietary From an agricultural perspective, share of animal protein – and data shows sufficient global specifically meat protein – grows protein production to satisfy in step with increasing GDP; the basic needs of the world’s the various socioeconomic growing population; however, explanations for this are related important issues remain, to higher per person income, including diversity of available urbanization and accessibility.24 foods, food waste across supply With this increase in protein chains, maintaining farmer consumption, and specifically livelihoods in rural areas, as well proteins from red meats, come as equity and access to high- higher environmental impacts – quality protein in low-income 27,28,29 on climate, land and biodiversity populations. – and can have a detrimental impact on health.11,25

: a key lever to accelerate food system transformation 7 Plant proteins WHAT IS A PROTEIN? A protein is a molecular structure absorption by the body. Plant extract and purify isolated plant- built out of amino acids that products can be complete based proteins and then use them is fundamental to life. Protein proteins on their own (e.g., quinoa as an ingredient in a plant-based provides nitrogen, energy and or soy) or act as complementary product. Extracting proteins amino acids that are essential protein sources. This is important from plants can help facilitate to building and maintaining the for diets high in plant proteins digestibility and absorption functioning of cells, tissues and because different types of plants by the body. organs. There are 20 amino acids have different amino acid profiles that are the building blocks for all and digestibility. Thus, consuming A trade-off to protein isolation is proteins. There are nine essential diverse plant foods can help that, depending on the food that amino acids that the human body to obtain complete amino acid receives the protein, it may not cannot make and thus that we profiles, for example by combining provide other nutrients contained need to obtain from food. Both legumes with cereals, such as in whole plant-based food, animal and plant proteins provide lentils with rice.30 Whole plants such as fibers, antioxidants all 20 amino acids, including the (e.g., whole grains, nuts and seeds, and micronutrients. nine essential ones. fruits, vegetables and legumes) In the recently published can also offer beneficial fibers, Food and Land Use Coalition A “complete protein” refers to a phytonutrients, antioxidants and report (FOLU),33 health aspects source of protein that contains other micronutrients; diets high in related to food consumption all essential amino acids that these whole plant-based foods are and food production dominate the human body can adequately associated with decreased risks of externalities (see Figure 2). digest and absorb to meet its non-communicable diseases.31,32 needs. Plant products have However, environmental aspects different amino acid profiles Another way to consume proteins related to biochemical flows and different digestibility and from plants is as plant-based of phosphorous and nitrogen protein isolates. Food companies exceeding planet boundaries surpass the externalities associated with GHG emissions.

Hidden costs of global food and land use systems34 Figure 2:

USD Trillions, 2018 prices

The importance of nitrogen for the future of sustainable crops To produce proteins, plants need nitrogen. Nitrogen availability is a main limiting factor for crop growth, which is why fertilizers are key to increasing crop yield. Some plants (like most legumes) can also obtain nitrogen from the air through a process called nitrogen fixation, where microbes near the roots are able to convert nitrogen gas to a form usable to make proteins.35 There are a wide range of ways to make nitrogen available to crops, including: organic or synthetic fertilizers, plant engineering, and rotation with nitrogen- fixing plants. Diverse socioeconomic and environmental externalities can determine the methods used. Thus, to make plant proteins widely available and accessible, and to ensure environmental protection, careful consideration of nitrogen cycling and improving nitrogen efficiency is essential.36

8 : a key lever to accelerate food system transformation Plant proteins 2 State of the world and outlook for plant protein production and consumption

: a key lever to accelerate food system transformation 9 Plant proteins 2 State of the world and outlook for plant protein production and consumption To understand the current Globally, maize, rice, soy, and 10% growth between 2019 global state of plant wheat make up nearly two-thirds and 2025, reaching a nearly protein production and of crops and human calorie USD $10 billion market size.39,40 consumption, it is important consumption.37,38 Producers In Europe, plant protein intake to pay attention to the types have scaled up soy, wheat, is on the rise in many regions, of plant protein foods and maize and rice production for especially in western and products, as well as their technological efficiency and to northern regions. Particularly regions of production and deliver processed foods with promising is the market for consumption. relatively long shelf-lives, resulting plant-based products positioned in generally high availability and as meat and dairy alternatives, Plant products, such as legumes, accessibility, along with high with annual growth rates of 14% cereals, roots, nuts and seeds, awareness and economic value and 11% respectively between contain plant proteins, as do across various markets. Moving 2013 and 2017.41 There has plant-based products made with beyond these primary global been a dramatic improvement protein isolates or concentrates. crops, there is an opportunity in the quality, nutritional profile Developed regions such as to diversify plant production to and appeal of these plant-based Europe and North America tend widen the range of ingredients, products in the last five years to consume more processed promoting nutrition, health and due to increased investment.42 plant-based products made the environment. Other relevant This growth in the plant-based from soy, wheat and corn, while sources of plant proteins product market represents new less industrialized areas often include nuts, pulses, roots, business opportunities for food consume a more diverse protein seeds and cereals. To scale up companies as well as for farmers, mix, with a higher consumption a more diverse array of plant agri-food industry players, food of plant products. proteins globally – especially service providers and retailers. in developed regions – there To achieve more sustainable is a need to promote demand, Still, plant protein growth food systems, there is a need availability and accessibility projections show that they will to scale-up healthy plant-based within the market. Today many not be sufficient to meet the products as alternatives to of these plant proteins still have demands of a growing global products sourced from animals relatively limited global production population and socioeconomic in more developed regions. and consumption, as well as development, which will At the same time, it is important a lack of markets, distribution place greater pressure on the to ensure that developing networks and, in some cases, environment, human health and regions maintain or achieve a manufacturing facilities able to society. Therefore, it is necessary healthy and sustainable balance process them for large-scale to promote a sustainable of nutritious plant-based and consumption. balance in the production and animal-based foods. consumption of a wide variety There are signs of growth of the of plant proteins. plant protein market in many developed countries. Market research predicts that plant protein sales, as alternatives to animal proteins, in the United States and Europe will achieve

10 : a key lever to accelerate food system transformation Plant proteins 3 Hurdles and levers to scaling up plant proteins globally

: a key lever to accelerate food system transformation 11 Plant proteins 3 Hurdles and levers to scaling up plant proteins globally

Adjusting protein intake and 1. Supporting a healthy and These correspond to five of the balancing its consumption sustainable transition to plant seven pathways identified in present tremendous social, protein production our CEO Guide to Food System environmental and business Transformation:43 opportunities. Nevertheless, 2. Increasing global demand there are a range of hurdles to for diverse plant proteins; • Transform agriculture while overcome in order to achieve restoring the environment; success, ranging from social 3. Reorienting policies and • Equitable value distribution; and regulatory to technological regulations; and financial. They impact the availability and accessibility of • Shift diets to be healthy 4. Reflecting the true value diverse plant proteins globally. and sustainable; of food with a long-term Over the past months, we perspective. • Accelerate policy and have been working alongside financial innovations; our members and others • Launch new business stakeholders, to identify four main models and value chain hurdles related to plant protein collaborations. development where joint action could unlock the food system:43

Seven pathways to Food System Transformation44 Figure 3:

PRODUCTION CONSUMPTION Direct pathways

1 Transform agriculture while restoring the environment 3 Shift diets to be healthy and sustainable

2 Enhance equitable distribution of value

4 Minimize food loss and waste

Enabling pathways

5 Build end-to-end transparency

6 Accelerate policy and financial innovations

7 Launch new business models and value chain collaborations

12 : a key lever to accelerate food system transformation Plant proteins The lever: Technology, 1. SUPPORTING innovation and training can 2. INCREASING A HEALTHY AND help support a food system GLOBAL DEMAND that provides an optimized, SUSTAINABLE healthy and sustainable protein FOR DIVERSE PLANT TRANSITION TO mix. Precision agriculture, PROTEINS PLANT PROTEIN censors, plant protein isolates, Shift diets to be healthy processing technologies and and sustainable PRODUCTION product fortification are all Transform agriculture while examples of technologies that The hurdle: While in developed restoring the environment, can help promote plant protein countries awareness of the production and consumption benefits of plant proteins is andequitable new business value distribution models at scale – if properly introduced growing, the overall demand and appeal of diverse plant proteins in The hurdle: There is a need to to farmers and food value chain employees. Innovative business foods, ingredients and products produce a wide variety of plant remain limited compared to protein crops, ingredients and models, focusing for example on regenerative crop rotations those made with animal proteins products that are sustainable – particularly meat, eggs and and nutritious, as well as available that favor agrobiodiversity, can help promote low-tech solutions dairy. Notwithstanding the critical and enjoyable to eat. Although cultural role that animal-based businesses, manufacturers and to scaling up plant protein production and consumption. foods play in many countries, retailers are investing in research the still too slow shift to more and innovation in alternative But farmers require access to information and training, as well plant-based food consumption protein product development, is partially attributable to the fact from novel recipes and marketing as to microloans and credits, to be able to adapt farming that today’s food environment to advances in food processing and regulations currently do not and biotechnology, much work practices to achieve sustainable plant protein production.46 favor plant protein options; for is still necessary throughout the example, isolated retail placement plant protein value chain. Training, Finally, better supply chain organization can contribute to and labeling restrictions often pilot projects and resources are lead mainstream consumers to 45 improving competitiveness and emerging but many growers and believe plant protein foods and manufacturers still have limited the development of plant-based food innovations that overcome products are “niche foods” only knowledge and experience for particular consumer groups. in developing and producing texture and taste hurdles. a variety of sustainable plant Internally aligned strategies to The lever: To increase protein crops and products. build up capabilities, awareness demand for plant protein foods, Production cost variability and and education throughout ingredients and products, access to investments are also the whole value chain, from stakeholders should encourage major barriers to consider when farmers to retailers, are crucial the development of and transition dealing with growers. Moreover, to achieving this. Shifting to a food environment that there is a lack of processing businesses’ training priorities, as promotes plant proteins. This knowledge and capacity among well as pre-competitive action to must encompass social, physical 47 technological, nutrition and meet the skills gap, will be key. and socioeconomic factors marketing teams for a wider that influence the availability variety of plant protein foods and accessibility of foods, as and products. well as people’s perceptions of which foods are acceptable and appealing. There is a need for regulators to develop clear, accessible guidelines, such

: a key lever to accelerate food system transformation 13 Plant proteins as revised dietary guidelines considering labelling regulations The lever: There is a need to on the benefits of eating more (e.g., fortification of organic plant- invest in the future of food and to plant proteins. Furthermore protein product). harness both ancient and cutting- governments, retailers and edge knowledge to improve foodservice companies The lever: It is necessary to the sustainability of agricultural have an important role to refocus policies to support production. Thus, it is necessary play in order to drive a shift in the transition to healthy and to consider the true value and perception and behavior. Finally, sustainable plant proteins that are true cost of food with respect food companies should be sensitive to regional economies to both positive and negative driving social change through (e.g., impact on livelihoods), externalities of the food system.51 product innovation, marketing health needs and environmental Investment may partly come from campaigns, appearance and taste considerations (e.g., water improving willingness to pay for improvements, labelling and sales scarcity and greenhouse gas foods produced more sustainably placement.48 For example, studies emissions). Governments can in countries where consumers show consumers are more likely revisit and realign policies are willing and able to do so. to buy a “vegetarian meal” if it is specifically related to fortification, Nevertheless, in order to reach not labelled as “vegetarian” and food labelling, taxes and the necessary global scaling is positioned as another tasty subsidies, with a shift to diets rich up of plant proteins, it is crucial option – in a restaurant or retail in a diverse array of plant proteins. that the financial sector directs shop.49 Policies can also help change investments to supply chains, the direction of investments in technologies, foods and products education, business and social made with plant proteins while programs to promote plant concurrently realizing the benefits 3. REORIENTING proteins. Finally, governments POLICIES AND of reduced risk and more stable should redirect funding and long-term returns. Wherever the REGULATIONS subsidies to the production and investments come from, when Accelerate policy and distribution of more sustainable transitioning to new production financial innovations and healthy plant protein foods systems, supporting farmers and products, enabling them to is crititcal. Farmers should not The hurdle: Regulatory and compete more fairly with animal- risk losing their livelihoods economic policies do not always based products on the market. if they change practices or support healthy and sustainable shift away from commodity proteins. Some organizations crops – otherwise this replaces have introduced sustainable 4. REFLECTING THE one problem (environmental protein public procurement degradation) with another policies, but progress is still TRUE VALUE OF (unemployment or poverty). slow overall and clear guidance FOOD WITH A LONG- This is especially true when is not yet available. Subsidies TERM PERSPECTIVE transitioning to regenerative and investments to expand Accelerate policy and practices that may reduce short- sustainable protein innovation financial innovations; launch term yields but improve yields still do not sufficiently support new business models and over the long term.52 mechanisms to encourage all value chain collaborations farmers to deliver a diversity of nutritious food and environmental The hurdle: Today’s economic benefits.50 Moreover, plant-based system focuses on short- product definitions and labelling term returns on investment regulations are inconsistent and commodity markets. across markets and often hinder Processing crops for use in the visibility and placement of plant protein-based products these products, such as meat or requires significant capital dairy alternatives. The need to investments and focus from both fortify many plant protein-based manufacturers and governments. products can also put these products at a disadvantage when

14 : a key lever to accelerate food system transformation Plant proteins 4 Mapping of existing initiatives

: a key lever to accelerate food system transformation 15 Plant proteins 4 Mapping of existing initiatives

INITIATIVES Considerations Focus Title Author Partners Link Social/health Environmental Economical Global EU National

RESEARCH INSTITUTES Breaking habits for Wageningen University Unilever; Wageningen Research to support the change of existing food Develop new and reformulated https://www.noldus.com/projects/ the better: Behavioral University Research, Noldus habits or generate new food habits (e.g. from a (sustainably sourced and breaking-habits-better X change towards more Information Technology, meat to a plant-based diet) produced) food products sustainable foods Kikkoman Europe

Sharp Wageningen University Unilever, DSM, Friesland Development of a data platform to build models https://www.wur.nl/en/project/ Campina for dietary shifts and collect case study on the Scientific-knowledge-base-and- X role and impact of plant and dairy based meat data-platform-for-modelling- replacers SHARP-Diets-.htm

Plant Meat Matters Wageningen University Meyn, Avril, Givaudan, saturn Develop new technologies for the production of Develop new techologies for Develop new techologies for https://www.wur.nl/en/Research- petcare, Nutrition&Nature, plant-based products with a texture and taste the development of plant- the production of more cost- Results/kennisonline/AF16011- DVS, Unilever, Ingredion that would reach the next generation consumer based analogues with a lower effectively plant-based proteins X Plant-Meat-Matters.htm expectations environmental impact than animal-based products

Alternative Meat Lab The Sutardja Center Research on “better” plant-based meat Provide the food industry new https://www.foodnavigator.com/ for Entrepreneurship & alternative products, providing consumers meat alternatives, including plants, Article/2017/08/22/Berkeley- Technology (Berkeley similar taste and texture and high nutritional insects, in-vitro meat X researchers-seek-actionable- University) products solutions-at-alternative-protein- lab

Menus of Change The Culinary Institute Bring attention to protein, both animal- and Support foodservice industries and http://www.menusofchange.org/ of America (CIA) and plant-based and make plant-forward dining a the culinary professions to develop Harvard T.H. Chan mainstream concept in the culinary profession long-term strategies on plant-based School of Public Health and foodservice industry proteins, integrating optimal nutrition X and public health, environmental stewardship and restoration, and social responsibility concerns

Better Buying Lab World Research Institute Google, Panera, Standford Develop strategies and a communication Develop science-based Develop strategies to support https://www.wri.org/our-work/ (WRI) University, Trinit, Quorn, Hilton, narrative to enable consumers to purchasing metrics, targets and methods companies, restaurants, food project/better-buying-lab/ Sodexo, Sainsbury’s, Wrap, more plant-based foods to help the food industry retailers, bars to communicate Unilever, Pulse Canada, USA measuring and monitoring the about plant-based proteins; X Dry Pea & Lentil Council environmental impact of the develop new techologies to foods they source and sell to formulate completely plant-based consumers dishes

The Cool Food Pledge World Research Institute UNEP, Carbon Neutral Cities Support signatories to provide plant-based Support signatures to make Develop a platform to help https://www.wri.org/our-work/ (WRI) Alliance, Health Care Without foods responsible choices and to facilities to track the environmental project/cool-food-pledge Harm, Practice Greenhealth, reduce their environmental impact of the food they serve X Climate Focus impact through the integration of more plant-based foods

Meat: the Future World Economic Forum Accelerate the agenda for alternative proteins Highlight the environmental Encourage multistakeholders to http://www3.weforum.org/docs/ dialogues (WEF) with healthier and sustainable solutions such costs of animal-based collaborate, combining the public White_Paper_Meat_the_Future_ ase plant-based proteins a mainstream food proteins vs. plant-based and private sector to co-create Time_Protein_Portfolio_Meet_ proteins in order to provide new alternative proteins and to X Tomorrow_Demand_report_2018. sustainable and healthy set regulations on the definition of pdf; http://www3.weforum.org/docs/ proteins to a growing alternative proteins poulation WEF_White_Paper_Alternative_ Proteins.pdf

Future Food Initative Bühler, Givaudan, Nestlé, ETH Zürich, EPFL Lausanne, Expand research and education in the area The overarching goal is to develop solutions that address grand https://www.futurefoodtalents.org - A Swiss Research coordinated by the Worls Food System Center of food and nutrition sciences; the fellowship challenges, including sustainable packaging (for example the Initiative programme within the initiative aims at bringing elimination of plastics) and affordable nutrition (for example Switzerland together competences from academic and combatting deficiencies and starvation globally). industrial research in this field.

16 : a key lever to accelerate food system transformation Plant proteins A wide range of research projects and public-private partnerships on developing plant protein solutions and driving demand for plant-based diets, menus and products among consumers are already available. We have benchmarked the following ones in order to identify gaps and areas where further collaboration could drive a food system transformation.

INITIATIVES Considerations Focus Title Author Partners Link Social/health Environmental Economical Global EU National

: a key lever to accelerate food system transformation 17 Plant proteins INITIATIVES

Considerations Focus Title Author Partners Link Social/health Environmental Economical Global EU National

ALLIANCES Green Protein Alliance Alliance between 25 retailers, the catering industry, food Restore a sustainable and healthy balance in Scale up sustainable protein Engage businesses to make the The http://greenproteinalliance.nl/ producers and 10 knowledge partners in the Netherlands, protein consumption focusing on the education alternatives such as plant transition happen Netherlands homepage-2018-engels/ supported by the Dutch Government and engagement of consumers in order to proteins increase plant proteins’ demand

The Protein Challenge Forum for the Future GAIN, Ahold Delhaize, Develop with chefs affordable plant-based Lead industries to take action on https://www.forumforthefuture. 2040 Danone, Unilever, ingredients in menus, culinary training about key areas to scale up a sustainable org/protein-challenge; https:// Baxterstorey, Calysta, plant-based and rebalanced meal, good in taste and healthy production and www.forumforthefuture. Firmenich, Hershey’s, WWF, and texture. Support stakeholders to highlight the consumption of protein org/Handlers/Download. M&S, Evonik, Environment importance of plant proteins for health, nutrition X ashx?IDMF=026a4509-ecf6- Agency, Impossible, Nestlé, and environmental sustainability: create positive 400a-b176-7e33ad649813 University of West London, messages, share stories and use the power of Volac, Waitrose, Tulip, Unilever food brands to empower consumers to make positive choices

The Chef’s Manifesto The SDG2 Advocacy Engage in education, public relations, and media Promote and support the plant-based http://www.sdg2advocacyhub. Hub outreach to increase visibility for plant-based foods industry to a fair and competitive org/chefmanifesto X foods and boost consumer acceptance marketplace for alternatives to animal ingredients and products

The Protein Cluster Global platform for ingredient suppliers, food Enable stakeholders to expand https://www.theproteincluster. manufacturers and other stakeholders their business and meet changing com/ consumer demands towards healthier and more sustainable plant-based products

EIT Food Euopean initiatives collecting partners around Euope from Reduce plant-proteins “antinutritional factors” Develop projects and technologies https://www.eitfood.eu/eit-food- the industry community, academia, retailers (ANFs), develop a novel technology platform to to provide economically viable projects/ improve the texture and taste of plant-based and environmentally sustainable foods based on extrusion technologies products from fava bean as well as to increase the texture and taste of plant-based foods

Future 50 Foods Initiative led WWF and Knorr with the support of Bioversity Scale-up more vegetables, more plant-based Create products that will be sold https://www.knorr.com/uk/ International, Crops For the Future, EAT Foundation, sources of protein, more variety in grains, cereals through retail and food service future50report.html Edelman, Food and Land Use Coalition (FOLU), Food and nutrient rich sources of carbohydrates; channels with programmes to scale-up X Reform for Sustainability and Health (FReSH), GAIN, Global design of plant-based recipes for schools and plant-based foods through inspiration, Crop Diversity Trust, Gro Intelligence, Oxfam GB, SDG2 canteens (e.g. Sodexo) education and increased access Advocacy Hub, Wageningen University and Yolélé Foods

INSTITUTIONS QualiFabaBean The German Federal Reduce the anti-nutritive substances and Scale up sustainable protein Provide food industry with high http://greenproteinalliance.nl/ Ministry of Food and produce meal and concentrates based on field alternatives such as plant quality and nutrient faba beans Germany homepage-2018-engels/ Agriculture beans proteins

The Eucleg Multidisciplinary European Union (Horizon http://www.nouvelle-aquitaine- Research Unit for 2020) X China poitiers.inra.fr/en/All-the-news/ Grasslands and Forage Eucleg Crops (URP3F)

Good Food Institute Team of scientists, entrepreneurs, lawyers, and lobbyists Mobilize millions of supportive consumers to Promote sustainable plant- Educate grant-making institutions, encourage plant-based foods’ sale in stores, based foods with a lower corporations, and governmental restaurants, and foodservice outlets environmental impact bodies about plant-based foods’ R&D X and support companies producing clean and plant-based products

UN (WHO,FAO, WFP, The UN leads researches on the healthy and UNGC) sustainable intake of proteins, with also a focus X on plant-proteins (e.g. Global Agreement on Sustainable Diets)

OTHER European Plant Based The Village by CA North Partners meet tomorrow’s challenges in the http://plantbased-protein-awards. Protein Award of France and by CA field of plant-based proteins and ca-norddefrance.fr/#awards Champagne-Bourgogne closely support start-ups offering France innovative solutions in the field of plant-based products

18 : a key lever to accelerate food system transformation Plant proteins INITIATIVES

Considerations Focus Title Author Partners Link Social/health Environmental Economical Global EU National

The Eucleg Multidisciplinary European Union (Horizon http://www.nouvelle-aquitaine- Research Unit for 2020) X China poitiers.inra.fr/en/All-the-news/ Grasslands and Forage Eucleg Crops (URP3F)

UN (WHO,FAO, WFP, The UN leads researches on the healthy and UNGC) sustainable intake of proteins, with also a focus X on plant-proteins (e.g. Global Agreement on Sustainable Diets)

: a key lever to accelerate food system transformation 19 Plant proteins INITIATIVES

Considerations Focus Title Author Partners Link Social/health Environmental Economical Global EU National

ASSOCIATIONS, FOUNDATIONS AND NGOs Alternative Protein Invest leading start-ups working to create https://agfunder.com/invest/ X Fund plant-based meat alternatives protein-fund/

PBFA (Plant Based 147 company members Take a public health approach to getting and Outreach to retailers to expand shelf https://plantbasedfoods.org Foods Association) educating people to eat more plant-based space for plant-based foods, as well as foods while ensuring that great-tasting plant- help food service directors offer more based foods are widely available, convenient, plant-based options. Change the debate X and affordable on important public policy issues such as the dietary guidelines in order to elaborate practices that support plant- based products’ scale up

EUVEPRO (European ADM Specialty Ingredients Support manufacturers and distributors https://euvepro.eu Vegetable Protein (Europe) B.V, Beneo GmbH, of vegetable proteins for human Association) Cosucra Groupe Warcoing consumption in the European Union, X SA, Dupont, Ingredion increasing recognition in European, Germany GmbH, Roquette national and international legislation, of vegetable protein products

ENSA (European Association of plantbased Contribute to mainstreaming plant-based foods Raise awareness about plant-based http://www.ensa-eu.org Plant-Based Foods foods manufacturers (Alpro, for healthier and more sustainable diets products amongst policymakers and Association) Sojasun, Liquats vegetals, advocate for fair treatment for the X Nutrition et Santé, Valsoia, emerging plant-based sector Amidori, Gold&Green, Quorn)

Less is More Greenpeace Member cities Education program for cities and universities Engage cities, local governments, or https://lessismore.greenpeace. around the world to promote plant-rich meals public institutions (like universities, X org/cities/ and meat reduction schools or hospitals) to include at least one vegetarian meal per week

Protein Highway Industry, academia and Promote partnership in research, business https://proteinhighway.wixsite. Canada government development and innovation for the and com/protein-hwy/about-us development of the alternative protein USA sector

Starch Europe Trade association of 27 EU Promote and protect the reputation of https://starch.eu starch producing companies starch products and the interests of EU starch producers to EU and international institutions and stakeholders, in order to X assure a reliable and sustainable supply of safe starch based ingredients in a fair competitive environment

GEPV (Groupe Association of 10 members Inform the general publicon the development of Promote the development of plant http://www.gepv.asso.fr/ d’Etudes et with a plant protein plant proteins proteins by participating actively in a Default9e79.html?lid=7 de Promotion production, distribution or better knowledge of these products; de Protéines marketing activity in France provide professionals of the food- France Végétales) processing industry of the informative, technical and educational tools

Protéines France Consortium of French Support communication and information related Federate, promote and represent the http://www.proteinesfrance.fr enterprises, cooperatives, to market introduction of innovative products French plant-based and alternative distribution, innovation and proteins value chain; ease the research centers active in the development and public support of France plant-based and alternative innovation projects; facilitate investment proteins sector in industrial plants; encourage the creation and development of start-up

Sojaxa Association of soyfoods Support the production and promotion of of healthy https://www.sojaxa.com manufacturers in France and sustainable soy based products

Pulse Canada National association of Contribute to the profitability of the http://www.pulsecanada.com growers, traders and Canadian pulse industry through processors of Canadian programs designed to deliver innovative Canada pulses solutions that improve efficiencies and increase value of plant proteins

20 : a key lever to accelerate food system transformation Plant proteins INITIATIVES

Considerations Focus Title Author Partners Link Social/health Environmental Economical Global EU National

ASSOCIATIONS, FOUNDATIONS AND NGOs Alternative Protein Invest leading start-ups working to create https://agfunder.com/invest/ X Fund plant-based meat alternatives protein-fund/

Sojaxa Association of soyfoods Support the production and promotion of of healthy https://www.sojaxa.com manufacturers in France and sustainable soy based products

: a key lever to accelerate food system transformation 21 Plant proteins INITIATIVES

Considerations Focus Title Author Partners Link Social/health Environmental Economical Global EU National

Protein Industry Work with private sector Challenge Canadian businesses to Canada industry partners to create co- collaborate with other businesses, investment projects that have and post-secondary and research the potential to transform institutions to create new projects the agriculture and food on high-quality plant-proteins production sector

Global Plant-Based Cooperation between the Raise the bar on sustainability, nutrition, taste, Focus on R&D, innovation, Food Eco-System industry community and value chain, more eco-friendly production production, quality with food public partners methods and regulation brands, food ingredient brands, X technology brands, and research background

BMGF (Bill & Melinda Deliver nutritious, appealing, affordable, and https://www.gatesfoundation.org/ Gates Foundation) accessible proteins ingredients to consumers X what-we-do/global-development/ underserved by markets, with a focus on nutrition affordable plant based protein

Terres Univia Organisation representing Facilitate interactions between France http://www.terresunivia.fr/terres- French oilseed and oil producers and processors to univia-en fruit sector (oil seed rape, promote the development and sunflower, soya, linseed, olive) the use of oilseeds and associate and French legume seed products and undertake activities sector (field pea, faba bean, of collective interest action lupin, lentil, chickpea, alfalfa) interests

Barilla Foundation Fosters change towards healthier and more Provide recommendations to public https://www.barillacfn.com/en/ sustainable diet, by promoting a higher decision makers and maintains magazine/food-and-sustainability/ consumption of plant-based food an ongoing dialogue with its do-healthy-diets-protect-the- X stakeholders by providing food planet/ related multidisciplinary studies and highlighting best practices

Eat Plants. https://www.ciwf.com/your-food/ For a Change plant-based-alternatives/ X

The Alpro Foundation Platform for academics, health care professionals and key Support research and innovation on plant- https://www.alprofoundation.org stakeholders based nutrition and its nutritional and X environmental values

The Soy Nutrition Collaborative organization of the United Soybean Board Provide evidence-based information on the Identify and determine soy and https://thesoynutritioninstitute.com/ institute and soy industry leaders, including global corporations and impact of soybeans and soy components on health research priorities and about/ national associations human health through a variety of education facilitate the development and USA and outreach efforts funding of targeted research projects

22 : a key lever to accelerate food system transformation Plant proteins INITIATIVES

Considerations Focus Title Author Partners Link Social/health Environmental Economical Global EU National

Eat Plants. https://www.ciwf.com/your-food/ For a Change plant-based-alternatives/ X

The table lists a wide range of the taste and texture of plant and supporting farmers overall initiatives led by associations, protein products and consumer in the production of crops as a alliances and institutions focused appreciation of these products. source of proteins. on the development of plant Yet, there are only a limited number proteins in foods and products as of initiatives addressing the This benchmark analysis is an well as on increasing consumer following critical solution areas: important contribution to the awareness and demand for a promoting a supportive regulatory identification of the most urgent variety of protein sources. In environment; stimulating the and impactful business solutions addition, a number of activities production of diverse plant crops that FReSH can support to focus on ways to improve through sustainable agriculture; accelerate the scaling up of plant proteins.

: a key lever to accelerate food system transformation 23 Plant proteins 5 Solution spaces

In order to overcome the main hurdles related to plant protein scaling up and to fill in the gaps among existing initiatives, FReSH supports company transformation efforts to across the following four solution spaces:

1 2 3 4 CULTIVATE: ENABLE: PULL: INSPIRE: Build a thriving, Engage investors, Create the Develop and sustainable businesses and market promote a supply of plant policy-makers to conditions to global narrative proteins from support dietary increase plant to positively the ground up shifts protein demand position plant using sustainable proteins agriculture

ENABLE: Engage investors, of a global plant protein a whole set of changes in the businesses and policy- production and consumption food environment – or the context makers to support dietary shift, in particular by: in which we produce, provision shifts and consume food. • Developing a set of supportive policy asks to Food value chain companies, Business should not and cannot advocate for in key events; within FReSH and individually, act alone to promote more should create the market sustainable and diverse plant • Communicating to other conditions enabling plant proteins. It is essential to reform businesses, suppliers or protein consumption, in today’s policies to support customers of individual particular by: more diverse and sustainable companies about the need agricultural systems while to scale up plant proteins; • Investing in innovative promoting marketing of the and plant-based protein next generation of nutritious products with positive and sustainable plant-based • Engaging investors through nutritional and sustainability foods and products. In addition, various individual and profiles – creating product investors will be instrumental in multistakeholder channels. appeal and options; driving this shift to plant proteins, both through direct financial • Sharing knowledge and support of emerging plant-based PULL: Create the market case studies on consumer products as well as by prioritizing conditions to increase plant behavior change in relation more sustainable food system protein demand to plant proteins, including investments. For example, the communication and introduction of carbon and Creating the conditions for marketing tools; and water pricing could help identify success goes beyond building investment opportunities that awareness of the benefits of • Implementing changes support a shift to plant proteins. plant proteins. It is necessary throughout supply chains, to understand the drivers of from fork to farm – i.e., from Food value chain companies, consumer behavior and demand retail and restaurants to within FReSH and individually, with respect to plant proteins farm, to facilitate consumer should engage policy-makers, in different markets. Nudging access to plant-based businesses and investors to consumers towards healthy and foods. support the development sustainable food requires

24 : a key lever to accelerate food system transformation Plant proteins INSPIRE: Develop and CULTIVATE: Build a thriving, Food value chain companies, promote a global narrative sustainable supply of plant within FReSH and individually, to positively position plant proteins from the ground should support farmers in proteins up using sustainable scaling up the sustainable agriculture production of diverse plant- To promote plant protein based proteins, in particular by: production, transformation and To transform the food system • Sharing best evidence of consumption, it is necessary to and shift to more sustainable sustainable plant protein positively position them using a and healthy outcomes, there production practices and renewed collective narrative, both must be on-the-ground efforts impacts across members within and beyond industry. An to transition and support farmers and relevant business units; internal business communication with a more equitable system that plan can help ensure managers creates longer term solutions. • Coordinating messages and executives within relevant A key lever of success for any to existing influential industries are aware of the need to sustainable dietary shift is to groups (business, policy- promote diverse diets high in plant move away from agricultural makers, extension services proteins. Among growers, food systems that degrade land and structures) to orient producers and food manufacturers, ecosystems, overconsume research and extend and this global narrative will be resources, and offer a limited advance efforts to promote instrumental in raising awareness number of crops for global plant-based proteins; of the benefits of plant proteins consumption. Promoting the and will drive a sense of urgency to growth of diverse plant crops • Adapting business produce and promote plant protein through sustainable agriculture strategies and decision- foods, ingredients and products. can be a way to readdress and making to prioritize the Finally, to raise awareness among adapt to consumer needs and to production or sourcing of the population, the narrative help create a more resilient food sustainable plant-based should position plant proteins as system that is less dependent on proteins. an appealing and attractive option, fossil resources and enhances part of a healthy, fun and social the equitable distribution of lifestyle. The role of policies is value across the value chain. fundamental here to support public More specifically, regenerative education campaigns and the agriculture can be a way to build, integration of such a healthy and from the ground up, a revived sustainable diet into the national food system able to provide a school curricula. diverse array of plant proteins. For example, legumes can play a Food value chain companies, key role thanks to their capacity within FReSH and individually, to naturally fix nitrogen from the should develop a strong narrative air, increasing soil fertility and on the positive role played reducing fertilizer use. by plant-based products and amplify its outreach, in particular by:

• Building synergies with existing global initiatives53 on various communication tools and events;

• Integrating that narrative into brand positioning and communication/marketing efforts.

: a key lever to accelerate food system transformation 25 Plant proteins 6 Conclusion 2019 has sounded the alarm for In order to achieve a successful To that aim, society at large must the need to urgently transform food system transformation, we accept and implement the shift the food system to sustainably must develop a comprehensive to the wide-scale production and feed a growing population set of credible, high-impact consumption of plant proteins. expected to reach over solutions across these pathways In particular, business must 10 billion by 2050. Consumers, in relation to proteins – with urgently take bold action along stakeholders and even careful consideration of the the following four axes: creating governments are increasingly different sociocultural and the market conditions to increase expecting business to take economic environments. On plant protein demand; developing action, yet none of the scientific one side, we must deliver more and promoting a global plant or economic reports produced nutritious foods from a healthy protein narrative; engaging to date highlight why and where and sustainable mix of plant and policy-makers, businesses and business should lead. animal sources to the 2 billion investors; and building a thriving, people living in moderate or sustainable supply of plant In WBCSD’s CEO Guide to severe food insecurity. proteins from the ground up using Food System Transformation On the other side, in most sustainable agriculture. launched in October 2019,54 developed countries, we need seven pathways were identified to significantly reduce and partly More generally, societies need for business action on food replace the production and to reinvent the food environment system transformation, including: consumption of animal protein- and food-related businesses agricultural transformation while based foods and products in ways that deliver accessible, restoring the environment; – particularly red meat – with affordable and enjoyable, healthy enhancing the equitable plants and plant protein-based and sustainable food to everyone, distribution of value; dietary shifts alternatives. while contributing to thriving to be healthy and sustainable; communities. We will provide accelerating policy and financial concrete suggestions on how innovations; and new business to achieve this in the FReSH models and value chain Roadmap that we will publish at collaborations. the end of 2020.

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: a key lever to accelerate food system transformation 29 Plant proteins 30 : a key lever to accelerate food system transformation Plant proteins MEMBER COMPANIES DISCLAIMER ABOUT WBCSD THAT ACTIVELY WBCSD is a global, CEO-led This report is released in the organization of over 200 leading CONTRIBUTED name of WBCSD. Like other businesses working together TO THIS PAPER WBCSD publications, it is the to accelerate the transition to result of a collaborative effort Buhler (Katharina Hilker), Danone a sustainable world. We help by WBCSD staff, experts, and (Agnes Martin and Christine make our member companies executives from member Debeuf), DSM (Joyce Rasquin more successful and sustainable companies. A wide range of and Jacobine Das Gupta), by focusing on the maximum members and experts reviewed Dupont (Mikkel Thrane and positive impact for shareholders, drafts, thereby ensuring that the Morten Christensen), Givaudan the environment and societies. document broadly represents (Geraldine O’Grady), Griffith Our member companies come the perspective of the WBCSD Foods (Katherine Pickus), IFF from all business sectors and all membership. It does not mean, (Uma Parasar), Nestlé (Emily major economies, representing however, that every member Dimiero), Ingka Group (Catarina a combined revenue of more company and partner agree with Englund), Quantis (Alexi Ernstoff than USD $8.5 trillion and 19 every word. and Amanda Martin), Unilever million employees. Our Global (Mariska Dotsch). Network of almost 70 national business councils gives our members unparalleled reach across the globe. WBCSD is COMPANIES AND uniquely positioned to work with ORGANIZATIONS member companies along and WHO ALSO ACTIVELY across value chains to deliver CONTRIBUTED TO THIS impactful business solutions PAPER to the most challenging sustainability issues. Together, Bridge2Food (Gerard Klein we are the leading voice of Essink), Dutch Food Centre business for sustainability: united (Corné van Dooren), Forum for the by our vision of a world where Future (Roberta Iley), GAIN (Steve more than nine billion people Godfrey and Eva Monterrosa), are all living well and within the Lund University (Marilyn Rayner), boundaries of our planet, Pulse Canada (Denis Tremorin), by 2050. Roquette (Marie-Laure Empinet), Wageningen University (Sander Follow us on LinkedIn and Twitter Biesbroek), WEF (Lisa Sweet), www.wbcsd.org Food for Impact (Jeroen Willemsen). Copyright © WBCSD, January 2020.

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