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Mesolithic/Neolithic Interactions in the Balkans and in the Middle Danube Basin

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UISPP / IUPPS | XV Congress / XV Congrès | Session C18 Session C18 Monday, 4 September 2006 / Lundi, 4 Septembre 2006 Amphitheatre III, Faculty of Letters, Lisbon University Amphithéâtre III, Faculté de Lettres, Université de Lisbonne Mesolithic/Neolithic interactions in the Balkans and in the middle Danube basin Interactions Mésolithique/Néolithique dans les Balcans et dans le basin moyen du Danube organized by / organisé par Janusz KOZLOWSKI Universitet Jagiellonski, Instytut Archeologii, Kraków, Poland – [email protected] Marek NOWAK Jagiellonian University, Institute of Archaeology, Kraków, Poland – [email protected] SESSION’S ABSTRACT The problem of the role of Mesolithic basis in the Neolithization process in South-East Europe is crucial for the understanding of new economy diffusion and new ways of living. This problem has been widely discussed in recent years for the western part of central Europe and in the West. On the contrary, for the South-East, since the Szolnok colloquium in 1996, this question hasn’t been approached, despite the increasing number of discoveries and the studies on early evidences of productive economy within Mesolithic technologies and the research on continuity-discontinuity of material and symbolic culture between the Mesolithic and the Neolithic. RÉSUMÉ DE LA SESSION Le problème de rôle de substrat Mésolithique dans le processus de la néolithisation du sud-est européen est crucial pour la compréhension de la diffusion de la nouvelle économie et nouvelles modes de vie. Ce problème a été largement discuté dans les dernières années dans la partie occidentale de l’Europe centrale et en Occident. Par contre dans le sud-est, depuis le colloque de Szolnok en 1996, cette question n’a pas été abordée, malgré le nombre croissant de découvertes et des études sur les cas d’apparition précoce des éléments de l’économie productrice dans le contexte des technologies mésolithiques et des recherches sur le problème de continuité – discontinuité de la culture matérielle et symbolique entre le Mésolithique et le Néolithique. Lisbon / Lisbonne, 2006 | #141 UISPP / IUPPS | XV Congress / XV Congrès | Book of Abstracts / Livre des Résumés SESSION PROGRAMME / PROGRAMME DE LA SESSION 14:30 Opening / Overture 14:30-14:45 Eszter BÁNFFY (Budapest, Hungary) William J. EICHMANN (Budapest, Hungary) Tibor MARTON (Budapest, Hungary) C18-01 Mesolithic Foragers and the Spread of Agriculture in Western Hungary. 14:45-15:00 Katalin BIRÓ (Budapest, Hungary) C18-02 Early Neolithic Raw Material Economies in the Carpathian Basin. The transition from Mesolithic to Neolithic.. 15:00-15:15 Dušan BORIĆ (Cambridge, UK) C18-03 Mesolithic-Neolithic Interactions in the Iron Gates. 15:15-15:30 Viorica ENĂCHIUC (Giurgiu, Romania) C18-04 Rite et ritual du Néolithique précéramique dans le cadre de nécropole de Dridu, Romania. 15:30-15:45 Ivan GATSOV (Sofia, Bulgaria) C18-05 Flaked stone assemblages from North West Turkey and the process of Neolithisation. Present stage of research. 15:45-16:00 Janusz K. KOZŁOWSKI (Kraków, Poland) Marek NOWAK (Kraków, Poland) C18-06 Neolithisation of the Upper Tisza Basin. 16:00-16:15 Inna MATEICIUCOVÁ (Brno, Česká Republika) C18-07 Mesolithic-Neolithic Interactions in Moravia, Lower Austria and Hungary. 16:15-16:30 Dušan MIHAILOVIĆ (Belgrade, Yugoslavia) C18-08 Late Mesolithic in Serbia and Montenegro. 16:30-16:45 Ivana RADOVANOVIĆ (Lawrence, U.S.A.) C18-09 Local Tradition in the Lepenski Vir Culture. 16:45-17:00 Mirjana ROKSANDIĆ (Mississauga, Ontario, Canada) C18-10 Transition from Mesolithic to Neolithic in the Balkans and in the Middle Danube Basin: Physical Anthropology Perspective. Lisbon / Lisbonne, 2006 | #142 UISPP / IUPPS | XV Congress / XV Congrès | Session C18 17:00-17:15 Sümegi PÁL (Szeged, Hungary) C18-11 Palaeogeographical Background of the Mesolithic and Early Neolithic Settlement in the Carpathian Basin. 17:15-17:30 Monika ZORKO (Ljubljana, Slovenia) C18-12 The Early Neolithic in the Central Balkan – The Symbolic View. 17:30-17:45 Eszter BÁNFFY (Budapest, Hungary) C18-13 Mesolithic-Neolithic Interactions in the Transdanubia. 17:45-18:00 Paolo BIAGI (Venezia, Italy) C18-14 Mesolithic-Neolithic Interactions in the North-Adriatic Area. 18:00-18:15 Katalin BIRÓ (Budapest, Hungary) C18-15 Early Neolithic Raw Material Economies in the Carpathian Basin. 18:15-18:30 Ivan GATSOV (Sofia, Bulgarie) C18-16 The Earliest Lithic Evidence of Neolithisation in North-West Turkey. 18:30-18:45 Discussion ABSTRACTS / RÉSUMMÉ C18-01 Eszter BÁNFFY (Budapest, Hungary) William J. EICHMANN (Budapest, Hungary) Tibor MARTON (Budapest, Hungary) Mesolithic Foragers and the Spread of Agriculture in Western Hungary. ABSTRACT: The primary route for the spread of agriculture to Central Europe passes through Southeastern Europe. Transdanubia, in western Hungary, is an important node in this process, because it was in this region that around 7,600 cal. B.P. the Central European Linearbandkeramik (LBK) culture emerged from a milieu of Balkan Early Neolithic (Starčevo culture) and, as yet largely hypothetical, Late Mesolithic hunter-gatherers. Mesolithic foragers in Hungary, and in the Carpathian Basin, have received limited research attention, and the period is best characterized by an overall lack of material evidence unequivocally associated with the Mesolithic. Conceptualizing the transition to agriculture (i.e. migration versus adoption), is dependent upon a thorough evaluation of the potential role of Mesolithic foragers. The absence of Mesolithic sites in Western Hungary is largely an artifact of insufficient research. A research program was initiated in 2003, including surface survey and limited test excavation, of potential Mesolithic sites in the floodplain of the Kapos River Valley, in Transdanubia, south of Lake Balaton. We will report preliminary results from newly identified sites, assigned to the Mesolithic on the basis of lithic typology, and compare them to both the Starčevo and Earliest LBK sites in the region. The results of these comparisons suggest a continuity of lithic technology, lithic raw material supply network, and choice in geographical site location. The earliest Neolithic settlement pattern as well as earliest pottery and figural representations in the Balaton region suggest that the process of Neolithisation consisted of an admixture of genuine Balkan elements and local adoption. The slow transition is also reflected in the low-scale agricultural activity and the survival of Mesolithic subsistential in the initial Neolithic phase. Neolithisation can best be understood with reference to Mesolithic/Starčevo and earliest LBK Lisbon / Lisbonne, 2006 | #143 UISPP / IUPPS | XV Congress / XV Congrès | Book of Abstracts / Livre des Résumés settlement patterns, and in light of the social and economic choices that both hunter-gatherers and migrant groups were faced with prior to and during the period of interaction. C18-02 Katalin BIRÓ (Budapest, Hungary) Early Neolithic Raw Material Economies in the Carpathian Basin. The transition from Mesolithic to Neolithic. ABSTRACT: Lithic evidence is certainly one of the key evidences for the continuity, discontinuity between chronologically subsequent periods of cultures using stone tools. The typology, technique and raw material use of individual cultures can be compared (if existing) and certain hypotheses can be inferred even lacking suitable evidence within a wider context. This is especially the case around major historical changes like the introduction of productive means of subsistence, generally labelled as ‘Neolithic Revolution’. The temporal dimensions of these changes can be more or less safely dated to the beginning and the middle of the 6th Millennium BC in Hungary. In the past few years, a lot of Early Neolithic sites with important lithic assemblages came to light, and a considerable number of old assemblages have been studied and published in respect of the lithic evidence. Parallel to this, the stable framework of chipped stone raw material studies supported by extensive comparative material (Lithotheca of the HNM) and systematical series of analysis by various method offered a rich set of data. Intensive studies of Mesolithic traces in the Alföld region and initiatives on Transdanubian potential sites also contributed to the existing information. It is possible to study now the contacts of the earliest horizon of productive economies on the basis of raw material use. The main features are: overwhelming use of high quality local resources (obsidian to the East of the Danube, Transdanubian (Szentgál) radiolarite to the West of the Danube presence of Southern elements (both from the direction of the Balkans and the Adriatic cost), long distance contacts in the polished stone tool kit and use of local/regional resources for other stone utensils, quernstones and grinders. The rational and highly developed raw material utilisation structure denotes a sound knowledge of available resources, indicating contacts with the territories around the sources themselves the population of which is hardly known as yet. C18-03 Dušan BORIĆ (Cambridge, UK) Mesolithic-Neolithic Interactions in the Iron Gates. ABSTRACT: The exceptional character of Mesolithic-Neolithic sequences in the Danube Gorges has been recognized since the discovery of these sites in the 1960s. Yet, only with a new research impetus in (re-)examining old collections from the sites such as Lepenski Vir, Padina or Vlasac in the 1990s it became possible to ask a different set of
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  • The Many Faces of the Gravettian

    The Many Faces of the Gravettian

    THE MANY FACES OF THE GRAVETTIAN Abstract The Gravettian phenomenon (ca 34,000 to 24,000 years ago) is a complex biocultural adaptation to cold and arid glacial conditions, evidence of the remarkable adaptive flexibility of anatomically modern humans. The Gravettian is spread across Europe from Portugal to the Urals. Why does the Gravettian matter? With the focus on the ‘origins’ of modern humans, we have almost forgotten the evolutionary patterns in later Homo sapiens. The many faces of the Gravettian form a rich source of information on modern human evolution and the social and cultural adaptations developed during the Upper Paleolithic of Europe. The session aims to address this issue and discuss current research in terms of: 1 theoretical frameworks 2 proxies for behavioural variability 3 fieldwork circumstances (especially sampling strategies and scientific methods) Explanation What do we mean by the “many faces” of the Gravettian? Regional diversity in (lithic) tools seems to be one of the hallmarks of the Gravettian, when compared to the relative uniformity of the Early and Late Aurignacian. Font Robert points, Noaillian, Rayssian, Late Gravettian, Pavlovian, Willendorf-Kostienkian, Sagvarian, Kašovian, Epigravettian are just a few of the labels used to try and categorise this diversity in Europe. The “many faces” refer to the mosaic character of the Gravettian. A better understanding of this regional diversity comes with another sense of “many faces”, namely the exploration of the full spectrum of behaviors and activities, cultural remains and material signatures. Since the 1990s, lithic analysis has moved beyond form, faunal analysis has moved beyond species determination, site analysis has moved beyond age and cultural attribution: the integration of all data is used to reconstruct the full range of activities and practices leading to the archaeological record and brings the Gravettian mosaic to full scope.