UGANDA FINANCIAL INCLUSION INSIGHTS SURVEY

Technical Report

WAVE FOUR 2016

Deember 2016

Contents

1. Background Information ...... 3 2. Sample Design ...... 3 a. Sampling frame ...... 3 b. Sample allocation and selection ...... 4 c. Sampling weights ...... 6 3. Questionnaire ...... 6 4. Recruitment and Field Staff Training ...... 7 5. Fieldwork ...... 7 6. Substitution ...... 8 7. Data Quality Control Measures ...... 8 a. Pre-field quality control ...... 8 b. In-field quality control ...... 9 8. Data Processing ...... 9 9. Annex: Random Walks ...... 9 10. Survey Questionnaire ...... 11

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1. Background Information

InterMedia conducted a nationally representative survey in Uganda to explore the uptake and usage of digital financial services (DFS) among the adult population (aged 15 and over). This Financial Inclusion Insights (FII) survey is the fourth in a series of surveys InterMedia uses to track the role DFS play in money transfers, payments, and savings among various consumer segments. The survey will provide actionable insights for a range of stakeholders involved in the DFS sector.

The survey specifically aims to:  Measure adoption and use of DFS among specific target groups (e.g., poor, rural and unbanked);  Evaluate service performance among DFS agents and customers;  Produce consumer insight to support product and service development and delivery;  Identify drivers and barriers to further adoption of DFS, and;  Collect data enabling forward projections and insight that will generate market growth.

2. Sample Design

a. Sampling frame

The target sample size for the 2016 Uganda FII survey is 3,000 adults aged 15 and over residing in households. In collaboration with the Uganda Bureau of Statistics (UBOS), the sample was designed to produce reliable estimates for the main indicators for the country as a whole, and for urban and rural areas separately.

The sampling frame was the list of all 80,182 Enumeration Areas (EA) created for the 2014 Uganda Population and Housing Census (PHC 2014) conducted by the Uganda Bureau of Statistics (UBOS). An EA corresponds to a village in rural areas and to a city block in urban areas. The average EA size is 114 households in urban areas and 83 households in rural areas, with an overall average size of 80 households per EA.

Uganda is divided into 112 administrative districts, each district is sub-divided into sub-districts, and each sub-district into parishes, and each parish into villages. The sampling frame contains the administrative belongings for each EA, the urban-rural classification and the number of households.

To increase the efficiency of the sample design, 10 geographic regions were defined as groups of districts as follows:

Central 1: Kalangala, Masaka, Mpigi, Rakai, Lyantonde, Sembabule, and Wakiso

Central 2: Kayunga, Kiboga, Luwero, Nakaseke, Mubende, Mityana, Mukono, and Nakasongola

Kampala: Kampala

East Central: Bugiri, Busia, Iganga, Namutumba, Jinja, Kamuli, Kaliro, and Mayuge 3

Eastern: Kaberamaido, Kapchorwa, Bukwa, Katakwi, Amuria, Kumi, Bukedea, Mbale,Bududa, Manafwa, Pallisa, Budaka, Sironko, Soroti, Tororo, and Butaleja

North: Apac, Oyam, Gulu, Amuru, Kitgum, Lira, Amolatar, Dokolo,

Karamoja: Kotido, Abim, Kaabong, Moroto, and Nakapiripirit and Pader districts

West Nile: Adjumani, Arua, Koboko, Maracha, Nebbi, and Yumbe

Western: Bundibugyo, Hoima, Kabarole, Kamwenge, Kasese, Kibaale, Kyenjojo, Masindi,and Buliisa

Southwest: Bushenyi, Kabale, Kanungu, Kisoro, Mbarara, Ibanda, Isingiro, Kiruhura, Ntungamo, and Rukungiri

The distribution of the residential households by region and type of residence is shown in Table 1.

Table 1. Distribution of residential households by region and type of residence

Residence

Geo-region Rural Urban Grand Total Central 1 635,746 398,207 635,746 Central 2 648,939 189,694 648,939 Eastern 837,085 197,430 837,085 Eastern central 599,071 109,084 708,155 Kampala 409,314 409,314 North 599,207 103,096 702,303 Karamoja 144,714 15,447 160,161 South western 771,039 174,063 945,102 West Nile 408,381 53,200 461,581 western 783,871 158,543 942,414 Grand Total 5,428,053 1,808,078 7,236,131 *Source: 2014 population census frame, Uganda

b. Sample allocation and selection

The sample for the 2016 Uganda FII survey was a stratified multistage sample with a stratum corresponding to a geographic region. The sample was selected independently in each stratum. In the first stage, EAs were selected as primary sampling units with probability proportional to size, the size being the number of households in the EA. Before the selection of EAs, the sampling frame was sorted within each stratum by the type of residence, then by district, sub-district, parish, village and EA code.

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In the second stage, 10 households were selected in each sampled EA using random walks with a fixed sampling interval (see annex). In each EA, the household selection interval was the ratio of the total number of households in the EA in 2014 to the sample take (10 households).

In the third stage, one adult household member was randomly selected in each sampled household using the Kish grid and was administered the survey questionnaire.

Table 2. Sample allocation

Geo-region Urban Rural Total Kampala 190 0 190 Central1 140 230 370 Central2 90 230 320 East Central 60 240 300 Eastern 80 350 430 Karamoja 20 80 100 North 40 270 310 West Nile 30 210 240 Western 70 310 380 South west 90 270 360 Total 810 2190 3,000

Table 3. Allocation of the number of selected EAs

Geo-region Urban Rural Total Kampala 19 0 19 Central1 14 23 37 Central2 9 23 32 East Central 6 24 30 Eastern 8 35 43 Karamoja 2 8 10 North 4 27 31 West Nile 3 21 24 Western 7 31 38 South west 9 27 36 Total 81 219 300

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c. Sampling weights

The sample for the 2016 FII Uganda survey is not self-weighting; therefore, sampling weights were calculated. Weights were based on population data by age, urban-rural residence, and gender. The weights were normalized at the national level so the weighted number of cases equals the total sample size. The normalized sampling weights were attached to the data file and used during analysis.

3. Questionnaire

The survey questionnaire was developed in consultation with the Financial Services for the Poor program at the Bill & Melinda Gates Foundation. It draws on the questionnaire used in previous FII surveys. The modules and topics in each module are shown in Table 4.

Table 4. Questionnaire content by module

Mobile Financial Nonbank techno institutions/ Mobile financial Financial Financial Demographics logy banks money institution literacy behaviors Literacy Gender General Budget Borrowing/ characteristics Access Access Awareness Awareness planning credit Owner- Livelihood ship Ownership Access Access Numeracy Savings SIM Digital Migration cards inclusion Ownership Ownership Insurance Mobile Poverty phone Bank Use and Distance measures use account use nonuse and reach Investment Over the Savings and count loan group Experience with agent Other products

The questionnaire was translated into the following local languages: Luo, Luganda, Runyoro/Rutooro, Runyankole/Rukiga, Lugbara, Karamajong, Ateso, Kupsabiny, Lugwere, Rukonjo. Kupsabiny was dropped because the districts where the language is spoken (Kapchorwa and Bukwo) were not part of the final sample.

The questionnaire was then pretested in the field by a team consisting of 10 interviewers, three supervisors and nine data quality controllers following a two-day detailed study of the questionnaire. A total of 50 interviews were conducted during the pretest on 14 July 2016 in four EAs located in the districts of Wakiso and Mukono. After the questionnaire was pretested, debriefing sessions were held with the pretest field staff, and the questionnaire was modified based on the observations from the

6 pretest. The finalized questionnaire was used to develop a script for data collection on smartphones. The script was thoroughly tested and validated before it was used in the field.

4. Recruitment and Field Staff Training

Recruitment of the field staff was conducted by Ipsos Uganda, InterMedia’s local field partner. The field staff was recruited based on education level (at least a diploma), experience in previous FII surveys and financial surveys, experience in research, problem solving skills, knowledge of data collection procedures, and language skills. For purposes of ensuring gender balance and sensitivity, both male and female interviewers were recruited.

Following the recruitment of field staff, a centralized training was conducted in Kampala from 25 July to 1 August 2016. The training had two main components: classroom sessions and a field practice (also called pilot). The classroom sessions followed the training manual developed by InterMedia. These sessions covered the survey objectives, sampling methodology, fieldwork procedures, data quality control, guidelines on questionnaire administration and a detailed study of the questionnaire. Following the review of the questionnaire on paper, the training covered the use of smartphones for data collection including the general operation of the devices, and the administration of the scripted questionnaire. Classroom sessions also included role plays where one interviewer acted as a respondent and another asked questions while the rest of the teams observed. The teams also conducted mock interviews in groups of four people based on regions and local languages.

The field practice (pilot) was conducted over two days (30 July and 1 August 2016) in Kampala in nine EAs that were not sampled for the survey. These EAs were purposively selected based on ethnic composition to cater to interviewers who could not speak Luganda. The pilot areas included Corner, Kabale B, Kibaawo, Kisalosalo, Kiyanja, Mawanga, Ngabo, Onyaa central, and Vii-Vii. A total of 135 interviews were conducted during the field practice and the collected data was analyzed to test the script again and validate the structure of the survey dataset.

5. Fieldwork

Fieldwork was launched immediately at the end of training and ran from 4 August to 3 September 2016. Fieldwork first started in Kampala so all the teams could be observed in practice again before they traveled to other districts. Data collection was carried out by 25 teams with each team consisting of three interviewers and one supervisor. Each interviewer was expected to complete three or four interviews per day. In all selected EAs, the teams obtained authorization from the district and community leaders before commencement of data collection in the area. Introduction letters and identity cards were provided to the teams. Supervisors were provided with GPS units and maps for each sampled EA. To help track the progress of fieldwork, each team was provided with route plans detailing their movements from EA to EA along with travel dates.

The following five consent forms were obtained during fieldwork:

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 Consent form for the first contact person in the household;  Consent form for the respondent selected in the household for interview;  Parent/guardian consent form for all selected respondents between the ages of 15 and 17;  Consent form allowing the use of photography for all selected respondents; and  Informed consent form for the selected respondent to participate in a separate follow-up study.

6. Substitution

During fieldwork, six originally sampled EAs were replaced in the districts of Hoima, Kamwege, Nakapiripirit and Mubende. The reasons for substitution were: EA not found, migration of households from the EA, violence in the community, and refusal by the district authorities. All replacement EAs were provided to the teams by UBOS.

Selected households were generally responsive and willing to participate in the survey. However, a few households were replaced after three call backs. Below are the number of replacements done and their reason.

Table 5. Summary of replacements

Reason for replacement Number of replacements

Not at home at time of visit 20

Refused 55

Total 75

7. Data Quality Control Measures

A range of quality control measures was employed before, during and after data collection.

a. Pre-field quality control

Before fieldwork started, emphasis was put on recruiting and training the best interviewers and supervisors, and on designing the relevant and right survey tools (interviewer and supervisor manuals, and field control forms). In addition to field supervisors, InterMedia recruited an independent local quality control (QC) team that reported directly to InterMedia. The QC team (QC team) attended the same training offered to interviewers and supervisors, and traveled across the country to conduct frequent and unannounced random checks on Ipsos Uganda’s field interviewers and supervisors. This

8 team also played the same roles as field supervisors, and therefore provided an additional layer of monitoring fieldwork.

b. In-field quality control

The fieldwork quality control procedures included the following activities:

 Direct observation: Nine percent of all interviews were directly observed by supervisors or the QC team in full or at least partially. The purpose of observation was to evaluate and improve interviewer performance and to look for errors and misconceptions that could not be detected through reviews of completed interviews.  Spot-checks: Twenty-one percent of all interviews were subject to an in-person random spot- check by a supervisor or QC team member.  Call backs (return visits): High nonresponse rates bias survey results. To minimize nonresponse rates at both household and individual levels, the field procedure included three return visits to maximize the participation of selected eligible respondents. Therefore, a total number of four visits were planned for each selected respondent.  Field control forms: The interviewers’ work was monitored and evaluated by keeping an accurate record of assignments and the status of interviews. Both interviewers and supervisors had field control forms to maintain.  Regular interim data review: With the use of digital data collection, InterMedia frequently received and reviewed interim data from the field. As a result, the quality of the data being collected was closely monitored and InterMedia provided real-time feedback to the field teams while they were still on the ground. These regular reviews helped minimize data errors and thus improved data quality.

8. Data Processing

Daily data monitoring was conducted to check the quality of the data, and to confirm receipt of completed interviews on the cloud servers and field updates from the supervisors. The data was checked for accuracy and outliers. Inconsistencies found in the data were communicated to the field teams and resolved through call backs with respondents. Interim datasets were regularly received from the field for review. The structure of the dataset was aligned with the codebook prepared by InterMedia. A cleaned, fully labelled final SPSS dataset was produced.

9. Annex: Random Walks Households included in the survey were randomly selected using random walks. A script was developed to facilitate the implementation of the random walk methodology. This methodology involved three main steps described below: selection of a starting point, selection of the direction from the starting point, and selection of households.

Step # 1: Selection of the starting point

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Using the script menu for supervisors, each supervisor first entered the names of all the interviewers on their team. Then the supervisor entered the list of prominent landmarks in the enumeration area (EA) to be surveyed. Up to 10 landmarks could be entered. Notable landmarks included a hospital, health care center, market place, school, mosque, church, river, water well, or community hall, kiosk, or trade store. Finally, the script randomly assigned a landmark to each interviewer. The assigned landmark corresponded to each interviewer’s starting point for the random walk.

Step # 2: Selection of the direction from the starting point

After the script assigned a starting point to each interviewer, it randomly selected the direction for the interviewer to follow: right or left from the starting point (assigned landmark). In addition, the script also displayed the sampling interval to be applied by the interviewer (i.e., the number of households skipped between interviews in each EA). This sampling interval was fixed in each EA and was calculated as the ratio of the total number of households in the EA to the number of households selected in the EA.

Step # 3: Household selection

From the assigned starting point and direction, the interviewer counted households along the road. The first selected household was the first household the interviewer reached after applying the sampling interval for the first time. The second selected household was the household reached by the interviewer after applying the sampling interval from the first selected household. This process continued until the required number of households were selected.

During the random walk, when the route between households split, the interviewer used the leftmost path/road/street. Should it split again, the interviewer used the rightmost path/road/street and continued to alternate between left and right for further splits.

The interviewers counted every household along their routes keeping the left-hand rule, and not on both sides of the road or path as it might have caused confusion.

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10. Survey Questionnaire

MOBILE MONEY FSP MULTI-COUNTRY STUDY

WAVE 4: UGANDA

Section AA. Respondent Information: Interviewer: Complete from assignment sheet AA1 Region AA7 Residence Type 1=Urban 2=Rural District AA8 Sample selection 1=First household Fixed household skip interval AA2 selection AA3 County AA9 Household GPS 1= North Latitude: ______location 2= South Longitude: ______

AA4 Sub-County AA10 Contact Name AA5 Parish AA11 Contact Number AA6 Cluster Name & number

Section AB Interview Information: Interviewer: Complete section AB1 Date __ __ /__ __/ 2016

AB4 Interviewer ______Number ______AB5 Interviewer ______AB6 Name

AB7 Supervisor ______Number __

Supervisor Name

AB2 Start Time __ __: __ __ AB8 Interviewer 1=Male (24 hours) Gender 2=Female

AB3 End Time __ __: __ __ (24 hours)

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INTRODUCTION

Good morning/afternoon/evening. My name is …………and I work for an independent market research company called IPSOS Uganda based in Kampala. Today, we are conducting research about mobile phones and other services people use. This information will help the service providers to improve on the services they offer. Your household has been randomly selected to participate in the study, among a total of 3000 households all over Uganda I have a questionnaire that will take about 60-80 minutes to complete, and I hope that an adult member of your household will agree to share their views with me. There are no right or wrong answers, and our discussion will be treated confidentially. May I have your permission to interview one of the adult members of your household?

Definition of household (INTERVIEWER, IF TWO OF THE THREE CHARACTERISTICS ARE TRUE CONSIDER IT A HOUSEHOLD): All those who (1) share the same food pot, (2) share the same roof or (3) have a common decision maker Definition of adult: All those aged 15 and above

Yes GO TO HH2 No CLOSE & THANK – GO TO HH1 AND RECORD AS REFUSED (CODE 04) AS THE RESULT OF INTERVIEW

HH1. RESULT OF INTERVIEW FOR THE HOUSEHOLD

Cooperated /Completed______01 House is lived in but no one at home at time of visit______02 Entire household absent for extended period of time______03 Refused______04 Dwelling vacant/address not a dwelling ______05 Dwelling destroyed ______06 Dwelling not found______07 Other (specify) ______96

DG8. How many adults and children do you have in the household? (RECORD 99 for DK)

HH2. First, I need to randomly choose who to interview from this household. Can you give me the names and ages of all members who live in this household at the moment? Please tell me one by one and start from the oldest.

INTERVIEWER: LIST EVERYONE WHO BELONGS TO THIS HOUSEHOLD REGARDLESS OF WHETHER THEY ARE AT HOME AT THE TIME OF THE VISIT. LISTING OF ALL HOUSEHOLD MEMBERS Name of members of the household Age of the Gender of the Eligible for an SCRIPT TO RANDOMLY (SHOULD BE = DG8) members of members of interview SELECT ONE PERSON FROM the the household THE LIST OF ELIGIBLE household Yes if Age ≥15 RESPONDENTS

No, otherwise 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10

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NAME OF SELECTED RESPONDENT:

NAME:

INTERVIEWER:

AFTER THE RESPONDENT HAS BEEN SELECTED, ASK IF THEY ARE IN THE HOUSEHOLD. IF THE PERSON SELECTED IS WITHIN THE HOUSEHOLD, ASK TO SPEAK TO THEM.

1. IF SELECTED RESPONDENT IS 15 TO 17 YEARS OF AGE, GET PERMISSION FROM THE PARENT/ GUARDIAN BEFORE BEGINNING THE INTERVIEW. USE THE CONSENT FORM BELOW.

IF CONSENT IS GIVEN GO TO DG1 (SECTION 1: DEMOGRAPHICS)

IF NO CONSENT IS PROVIDED GO TO HH3 AND RECORD 03 FOR REFUSAL AS THE RESULT OF INTERVIEW FOR THE SELECTED RESPONDENT. CLOSE & THANK. THEN REFER TO THE SUBSTITUTION PROCESS IN THE INTERVIEWER GUIDE.

2. IF SELECTED RESPONDENT IS 18 YEARS OF AGE AND ABOVE, ASK FOR PERMISSION TO PROCEED WITH THE INTERVIEW.

IF PERMISSION IS GRANTED GO TO DG1 (SECTION 1: DEMOGRAPHICS)

IF PERMISSION IS NOT GRANTED CLOSE & THANK AND GO TO HH3 AND RECORD AS REFUSAL (CODE 03) FOR THE RESULT OF INTERVIEW. THEN REFER TO THE SUBSTITUTION PROCESS IN THE INTERVIEWER GUIDE.

HH3. RESULT OF INTERVIEW FOR THE SELECTED RESPONDENT

Completed______01 Not at home at time of visit______02 Refused______03 Partly completed______04 Incapacitated______05 Other (specify) ______96

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Parent/guardian Consent Form (for respondents who are 15 – 17 years old)

Name and Address Date

Dear Sir/Madam,

RE: DFS TRACKER | Survey on mobile phones and other services that people use

Thank you for agreeing to have your daughter/son take part in this survey on mobile phones and other services that people use. Please note that your daughter/son is NOT allowed to take part in the survey if we do not have your consent in the form of a signature below. Please do sign below.

I have read and understood the entire document (which has further been explained to me) and have agreed to have my daughter/son participate in the research conducted by IPSOS

Refused Consent Thank & Close 1

Granted Consent Complete Signature Section Below 2

Name...... Relation to Minor...... ID...... Signature...... Date......

If you have any queries at all regarding this research, please contact

Project Coordinator: Nicolas Matovu-0782 104 403 OR Project Manager: Emmanuel Odongo-0773 132 982

Thank you very much for your help and support.

Yours sincerely,

Name and signature

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SECTION I: DEMOGRAPHICS Subsection 1.1: General Demographic Characteristics

DG1. What year were you born? “______” (99 for DK)

DG2. Is the respondent a male or a female? *This question is recorded by an interviewer based on observation. DO NOT ASK. RECODE AS YOU OBSERVE. SINGLE ANSWER Male 1 Female 2

DG3. What is your marital status? READ OUT. SINGLE ANSWER. Single/ never married 1 Polygamously married 2 Monogamously married 3 Divorced/ Separated 4 Widowed 5 Living together/Cohabiting 6 Other (specify) 96 DK 99

DG3A. What is your religion? DO NOT READ. CODE TO FIT. SINGLE ANSWER Christianity 1 Islam 2 Traditional African 3 Hinduism 4 Buddhism 5 No religion 6 Other(specify) 96 DK 99

DG4. What is your highest level of education? READ OUT. SINGLE ANSWER. No formal education 1 Primary education not completed 2 Primary education completed 3 Some secondary education 4 Secondary education completed 5 Some secondary vocational training/some certificate 6 Secondary vocational training complete/certificate complete 7 Some diploma 8 Diploma completed 9 Some college/university 10 University degree completed 11 Post-graduate university degree completed 12 Koranic school 13 Other(specify) 96 DK 99

DG5. Do you have any of the following types of official identification? READ OUT. SINGLE ANSWER PER ROW 1=Yes 2=No Government-issued ID/national ID East African passport International passport Driver’s license School-issued ID Voter’s card

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Ration card Employee ID (for government/civil servants) Military ID Birth certificate Village /LC ID Other (Specify)

DG6. What is your relationship to the household head? By Head I mean the one who makes all the main decisions in the household. DO NOT READ. CODE TO FIT. SINGLE ANSWER

Head 1 Spouse 2 Son/daughter 3 Father/mother 4 Sister/brother 5 Grandchild 6 Other relative 7 Servant/house help 8 Other non-relative 9 DK 99

DG9. ASK IF DG8 ≥1. How many adults/boys/girls earn an income or contribute to household income? (RECORD 99 for DK)

DG10. ASK IF DG8≥1 OR DG9≥1. OTHERS SKIP TO DL0. How many school-age children (boys and girls 3 years and above) are in the household?

DG11. ASK IF DG10 ≥1. OTHERS SKIP TO DL0. How many school-age children (boys and girls 3 years and above) are enrolled in school? READ OUT. WRITE DOWN THE NUMBER DG8 DG9 DG10 DG11 a) Number of adults b) Number of children (boys) c) Number of children (girls)

DG12. ASK IF DG11 ≥1. OTHERS SKIP TO DG13.What type of school do the children go to? READ OUT. ACCEPT MULTIPLE ANSWERS. Free school – I do not need to pay a fee 1 GO TO DL0 I pay a fee for the school 2 GO TO DG13

DG13. ASK IF DG12=2. OTHERS SKIP TO DL0 IN THE NEXT SECTION. Have you ever experienced the following problems when trying to pay school fees? READ OUT. ACCEPT MULTIPLE ANSWER. 1=Yes 2=No Lack of funds, could not pay at all Lack of funds, could only pay a portion Bank issues (high fees or long lines) Had to deliver cash but failed because of long distance to school Don’t know the full amount Other (specify)

DG14. ASK IF DG10 > DG11. OTHERS SKIP TO DL0 IN THE NEXT SECTION. What is the main reason not all school-age children are enrolled in school? DO NOT READ. CODE TO FIT. SINGLE ANSWER We don’t have enough money to pay school fees 1 A child could not pass to the next grade level 2 A child lost interest, does not want to attend 3 A child is sick – physically or mentally disabled 4 A child had to come home to help with household chores, taking care of younger siblings 5 A child needed to help with the household’s farm 6 A child had to go to work to help the household earn income 7 No particular reason 8

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Other(specify) 96

Subsection 1.2: Livelihood

DL0. Who is the main income earner in your household? READ OUT. SINGLE ANSWER Myself 1 Somebody else 2

DL1. In the past 12 months, were you mainly… (READ OUT OPTIONS BELOW)? READ OUT. SINGLE ANSWER. Working full-time for a regular salary 1 Working part-time for a regular salary 2 Working occasionally, irregular pay (whenever the work is available) 3 Working per season (e.g., only during the harvest season) 4 GO TO DL2 Self-employed, working for yourself 5 Not working but looking for a job 6 Housewife or stay-at-home husband doing household chores 7 Full-time student 8 Not working because of retirement 9 Not working because of sickness, disability, etc. 10 GO TO DL4 Other (Specify) 96 DK 99

DL2. ASK ONLY IF ANSWERS 1-5 IN DL1. OTHERS SKIP TO DL4. What is your primary job (i.e., the job where you spend most of your time)? PROBE. CHOOSE CODE FROM THE LIST BELOW. SHOWCARD 01=Farm owner 10=Waiter/cook 21=Salesperson in a store 02=Farm worker 11=Driver, including 22=Street vendor/hawker (selling 03=Public or health service public transport (boda- groceries,) worker (non-professional) boda,taxis, bus, etc.) 23=Business owner (specify below) 04=Professional (i.e., 12=Tailor ______doctor, teacher, nurse, 13=Secretary 24=Salonist specify) 14=Manager 25=Money lender 05=Clerk 15=Watchman/security 26=Landlord/andlady 06=Carpenter/mason guard/caretaker 27=Miner (gold, sand, coal, oil, etc.) 07=Mechanic 16=Messenger 28=Military 08=Electrician 17=Policeman/police 29= Occasional worker with no 09=Cleaner/house help reserve occupation 18=Conductor 30=Refused/prefer not to say 19=Factory employee 96= Other (specify in row) 20=Shop owner

DL3. ASK ONLY IF ANSWERS 1-5 IN DL1. OTHERS SKIP TO DL4. Do you have a secondary job/jobs? READ OUT. SINGLE ANSWER Yes 1 No 2

DL4. Please tell me in which of the following ways you got money in the past 12 months? DL5. ASK ONLY FOR THE OPTIONS SELECTED IN DL4. OTHERS SKIP TO DL6. You have said these are the ways you got money in the past 12 months. Which of these brought you the most money? READ OUT. DL4 DL5 1=Yes SINGLE ANSWER 2=No Government student scholarship (either directly or through schools) 1 Pension that you received from government 2 Other government benefits, including in the form of food and/or grants 3 Pension that you received from ex-employer or pension scheme 4 Money from family/friends/spouse for regular support or emergencies 5 Grew something and sold it 6 Reared livestock/poultry/fish/bees and sold them or sold their by-products 7

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Bought/obtained agricultural products from farmers to either process/change it to 8 another form for sale or for your own use (e.g., maize to flour) Sold something to farmers for the purpose of farming (e.g., seeds, fertilizers, equipment) 9 Sold something to processors of farming products for the purpose of processing 10 (packaging, machinery, chemicals) Made/manufactured something that is used for farming purposes or processing of 11 farming products Provided a service to farmers or processors of farming products (e.g., rented ploughs, 12 tractors, other equipment) Rented land to farmers for farming purposes 13 Fish farming /fishing – aquaculture, fisherman 14 Employed on other people’s farms 15 Employed to do other people’s domestic chores 16 Employed by the government 17 Employed in the private sector – office/business/factory 18 Ran your own business 19 Sublet house/rooms 20 Earned money from investments (e.g., shares or stocks) 21 Aid agency/NGO assistance in the form of food or grants 22 Other (specify) 96 DK 99

DL6. Does anyone in your household own a farm/farmland? READ OUT. SINGLE ANSWER Yes 1 No 2

DL7. ASK IF DL6=1, OTHERS GO TO DL11. Do you work on the farm yourself? READ OUT. SINGLE ANSWER Yes 1 No 2

DL8. ASK IF DL6=1, OTHERS GO TO DL11. How much of your land is under cultivation? ______Acres (RECORD 99 for DK)

Subsection 1.3: Migration

DL11. In the past 12 months, how many times did you move from one home to another?______times (RECORD 99 for DK)

DL12. ASK IF DL11>0. OTHERS SKIP TO DL14. What was the main reason you moved? DO NOT READ. CODE TO FIT. SINGLE ANSWER Natural disaster (hurricane, earthquake or flood) destroyed my home 1 Could not afford rent, moved to a cheaper place 2 Started making more money and moved to a better place 3 Relocated for work 4 Relocated to take care of parents/children 5 Went bankrupt and the bank took my house 6 Violence in my community 7 Evicted, land reclaimed by government or owner (for settlement housing) 8 Bought my own house and moved into it 9 Other (Specify) 96 No specific reason 11

DL13. ASK IF DL12=4, OTHERS GO TO DL14. You said you relocated for work. Was that a move for a permanent job or did you relocate for a seasonal/temporary job? READ OUT. SINGLE ANSWER. Permanent job 1 Seasonal/temporary job 2

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DK 99

Subsection 1.4: Poverty measures

THERE MUST BE NO ANSWERS RECORDED IN THIS SECTION THAT ARE DIFFERENT FROM THE GIVEN ANSWER OPTIONS FOR EACH SPECIFIC QUESTION AND ANSWER OPTIONS SHOULD NOT BE RE- ORDERED.

DL14. ASK ALL. How many members does your household have? READ OUT. SINGLE ANSWER 9 or more 1 8 2 7 3 5 or 6 4 4 5 3 6 2 7 1 8

DL15. ASK ALL. Are all household members aged 6-12 currently in school? READ OUT. SINGLE ANSWER NO 1 YES 2 No children ages 6 to 12 3

DL16. ASK ALL. Can the (oldest) female head/spouse read and write with understanding in any language? READ OUT. SINGLE ANSWER No 1 No female head/spouse 2 YES 3

DL17. ASK ALL. What type of materials is mainly used for construction of the wall of the dwelling? READ OUT. SINGLE ANSWER Unburnt bricks with mud and poles or other 1 Unburnt bricks with cement, wood, tin/iron sheets, concrete/stones, burnt stabilized or 2 cement blocks

DL18. ASK ALL. What type of materials is mainly used for construction of the roof of the dwelling? READ OUT. SINGLE ANSWER Thatch, or tins 1 Iron sheets, concrete, tiles, asbestos, or other 2

DL19. ASK ALL. What source of energy does the household mainly use for cooking? READ OUT. SINGLE ANSWER Firewood, cow dung, or grass(reeds) 1 Charcoal, paraffin, stove, gas, biogas, electricity(regardless of the source) or other 2

DL20. ASK ALL. What is the type of toilet facility does the household mainly use? READ OUT. SINGLE ANSWER No facility/Bush , polythene bags/bucket/etc/ or other 1 Uncovered pit latrine(with or without slab), Ecosan (Compost toilet) or Covered pit 2 without slab Covered pit latrine with slab VIP latrine, or flush toilet

DL21. ASK ALL. How many mobile phones do members of your household own? SINGLE ANSWER None 1 One 2

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Two 3 Three or More 4

DL22. ASK ALL. Does any member of your household own a radio? SINGLE ANSWER No 1 Yes 2

DL23. ASK ALL. Does every member of the household have at least one pair of shoes? SINGLE ANSWER No 1 Yes 2

DL24. Please look at this card and tell me which answer best reflects your family's financial situation. SHOWCARD. SINGLE ANSWER We don't have enough money for food 1 We have enough money for food, but buying clothes is difficult 2 We have enough money for food and clothes, and can save a bit, but not enough to buy 3 expensive goods such as a TV set or a refrigerator We can afford to buy certain expensive goods such as a TV set or a refrigerator 4 We can afford to buy whatever we want 5 DK 99

DL25. In the last 6 months, has your household ever… READ OUT. ONE ANSWER PER ROW 1=Yes 2=No Gone without enough food to eat Gone without fuel to cook food Needed a doctor but delayed or went without because of a shortage of funds Needed a veterinarian or vet medicine but went without because of a shortage of funds Needed fertilizer for the farm but went without because of a shortage of funds Needed stock for my business but couldn’t buy any because of a shortage of funds; had to close down temporarily or completely Had a child sent home from school because of unpaid school fees Had to miss a family or life event (school, work, funeral, wedding, etc.) because couldn’t pay for transportation

DL26. Which of the following has happened in your household in the past 2 years?

DL27. ASK IF DL26 =1. OTHERWISE GO TO DL28. Which of these events made the biggest impact on your household income in the last two years? READ OUT. ONE ANSWER PER ROW DL26 DL27 1=Yes SINGLE 2=No ANSWER Flood, fire or other natural disaster destroyed house/property/business 1 Theft, burglary or other man-caused loss of house/property/family land/business 2 Bad weather or pests destroyed all or part of your crops or your livestock died due 3 to a disease Job loss, reduced income of the main wage-earner 4 Death of main income-earner 5 Increase in costs of agricultural inputs, other additional expenses related to your 6 farm/business Decrease in price of crop or livestock and other goods you sold 7 Loss of cash, including savings 8 Major medical emergency or large medical expenses, including birth in the family 9 Divorce, family separation 10 None 11 Other (specify) 96 DK 99

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DL28. ASK FOR THE ANSWER PROVIDED IN DL27.OTHERS SKIP TO MT1. What was the main thing done to make ends meet when (RISK SELECTED IN DL27) happened to you or your household? DO NOT READ. CODE TO FIT. SINGLE ANSWER Used up your savings 1 Borrowed money from bank/SACCO/MFI//MDI/mobile money provider or mobile money product 2 Borrowed money from savings and lending group (e.g., merry- go-round 3 Borrowed money from moneylender 4 Received help from religious institutions (e.g., church, mosque) 5 Found a better job/additional jobs 6 Sold your assets (e.g., car, business, household goods, livestock) 7 Cut back on expenses (e.g., school fees, food) 8 Withdrew female child/children from school 9 Withdrew male child/children from school 10 Asked for help from friends, family, well-wishers 11 Received assistance/aid from the government or a non-government organization 12 There was no need to do anything, it did not affect our finances too much 13 Other (specify) 96 Don’t know 99

SECTION II: ACCESS TO AND OWNERSHIP OF MOBILE TECHNOLOGY Subsection 2.1: Mobile phones, access and ownership

MT1. How many people in your household have a mobile phone? ______people (RECORD 99 for DK)

MT1A. Who decides on who should have a phone in your household? DO NOT READ. CODE TO FIT. SINGLE ANSWER. Myself 1 My spouse 2 My parents/Guardian 3 My child (children) 4 Brother 5 Sister 8 Individual decision 9 DK 99

MT2. Do you personally own a mobile phone? READ OUT. SINGLE ANSWER Yes 1 GO TO MT3 No 2 SKIP TO MT7

MT3. ASK IF MT2=YES. OTHERS SKIP TO MT7. How many of the following types of phones do you personally have? (INTERVIEWER REQUEST TO SEE THE PHONES) READ OUT. WRITE DOWN THE NUMBER Basic phone (only allows calling, messaging, and saving phone numbers) Feature phone (has a camera, radio) etc Smartphone – has email, mobile applications, etc.

MT4. ASK IF MT2=1. OTHERS SKIP TO MT7. Which of the following statements apply to the mobile phone you have? READ OUT. SINGLE ANSWER PER ROW 1=Yes 2=No My phone has multiple SIM slots My phone has a QWERTY keypad (letters of the keyboard do not share a key) I can access the internet on my phone I can send and receive email on my phone My phone has a touch screen I can download and install applications on my phone

MT5. ASK IF MT2=1. OTHERS SKIP TO MT7. What was the main reason you obtained a mobile phone? DO NOT READ. CODE TO FIT. SINGLE ANSWER

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To connect with other people whenever I want 1 To use social networks (Facebook, WhatsApp, Viber, Twitter, etc.) 2 To use mobile money services 3 Everyone else I know has one 4 Took advantage of a promotion 5 Other(specify) 96 DK 99

MT6. ASK IF MT2=1. OTHERS SKIP TO MT7. How did you obtain your phone? DO NOT READ. CODE TO FIT. SINGLE ANSWER. I bought it myself 1 My spouse bought it for me/gave it to me 2 My parents bought it for me/gave it to me 3 My child (children) bought it for me/gave it to me 4 Other relative bought it for me/gave it to me 5 I found it 6 GO TO MT6A I don’t remember 7 Other (Specify) 96 DK 99

MT6A. ASK IF MT2=1. OTHERS SKIP TO MT7. How frequently do you charge your phone/handset? READ OUT. SINGLE ANSWER Daily 1 Weekly 2 Every other week 3 Monthly 4 Other (specify) 96 DK 99

MT6B. ASK IF MT2=1. OTHERS SKIP TO MT7. Where do you charge your phone most frequently? READ OUT. SINGLE ANSWER Home 1 Neighbor’s house 2 Mobile money agency 3 At work 4 A retail shop 5 Other (Specify) 96 DK 99

MT6C. ASK IF MT2=1. OTHERS SKIP TO MT7. On average, how much does it cost you each time to charge your phone? ______UG. shs (RECORD 99 for DK).

MT7. ASK ONLY IF MT2=2. OTHERS SKIP TO MT10. You said you don’t have a personal mobile phone. Do you use a mobile phone that belongs to someone else either by borrowing or paying for its use? READ OUT. SINGLE ANSWER Yes 1 No 2 SKIP TO MT9

MT7A. ASK ONLY IF MT7=1. OTHERS SKIP TO MT 8. Who do you mostly borrow a mobile phone from? DO NOT READ. CODE TO FIT. SINGLE ANSWER. My spouse 1 My parents 2 My child (children) 3 Brother 4 Sister 5 Agent/shop 6 Neighbor/friend 7 Other( specify) 96 DK 99

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MT8. ASK IF MT7=1. OTHERS SKIP TO MT10. Do you pay to use someone else’s phone or do you borrow at no cost? READ OUT. SINGLE ANSWER I pay 1 GO TO MT10 I borrow at no cost 2

MT9. ASK ONLY IF MT2=2 AND MT7=2. OTHERS SKIP TO MT10. What is the main reason you do not have a mobile phone and do not use somebody else’s mobile phone? DO NOT READ. CODE TO FIT. SINGLE ANSWER. No one in our house owns a phone 1 I don’t have anyone to call 2 I am not allowed to use a phone by my spouse, parents or other family members 3 Had phone, but it was lost, stolen, or broken 4 Had phone, but sold it for cash 5 Using a phone is against my culture/religion 6 I don’t have money to buy a phone 7 I don’t have money to pay for airtime 8 There is no network where I live/work 9 I don’t have a need to use a phone/don’t want a phone 10 Don’t have ID to register a SIM card 11 No electricity for charging in this area 12 Don’t know how to use one 13 Other(Specify) 96

Subsection 2.2: Mobile Phone Service Providers

MT10. Do you personally have an active/working SIM card? SINGLE ANSWER Yes 1 No/Not sure 2 GO TO MT15

MT11. ASK IF MT10=1. OTHERS SKIP TO MT15. How many months ago did you last buy a new SIM card? It could be an additional or replacement SIM card. ______months (RECORD 99 for DK)

MT12. ASK IF MT10=1. OTHERS SKIP TO MT15. How many SIM cards do you have with the following providers?

MT13. ASK FOR EACH PROVIDER SELECTED IN MT12. IF NO PROVIDERS SELECTED SKIP TO MT17. Why did you get a SIM card with this provider?

MT14. ASK FOR EACH PROVIDER SELECTED IN MT12. IF NO PROVIDERS SELECTED SKIP TO MT17. For which activity do you use this provider the most?

MT14A. ASK FOR EACH PROVIDER SELECTED IN MT12. IF NO PROVIDERS SELECTED SKIP TO MT17. What is your overall opinion of this provider?

MT14B. IF REPORT USING MORE THAN ONE PROVIDER IN MT12. IF ONLY ONE PROVIDER IN MT12 SKIP TO M14C. IF NO PROVIDERS SELECTED SKIP TO MT17. Which provider do you use most often? Read out. Write MT12 MT13 MT14 MT14A MT14B the number DO NOT READ. CODE DO NOT READ. SINGLE TO FIT. CODE TO FIT. ANSWER 1=Everyone I know has this 1=Both incoming READ OUT. provider and outgoing calls SINGLE ANSWER 2=I wanted to use this 2=Incoming calls Very favorable provider’s mobile money only Somewhat favorable service 3=Outgoing calls Somewhat unfavorable 3=I signed up during a only Very unfavorable promotional campaign 4=SMS

4=This provider is cheaper 5=Internet/data than other providers 6=Mobile money 96=Other(Specify)

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5=I already had one SIM 99=DK with this provider, got another one for convenience 6=Coverage is good in my area 7=The only option in my area 96=Other(specify) 99=DK

MTN Airtel Uganda UTL Africell Uganda Smart Telecom Smile Telecom Sure Telecom K2 Telecom Vodafone Uganda Safaricom Other (Specify) DK

MT14C. ASK FOR PROVIDER SELECTED IN MT14B OR SINGLE PROVIDER REPORTED IN MT12. IF NO PROVIDERS SELECTED SKIP TO MT17. Is your opinion of this provider favorable or unfavorable? READ OUT. SINGLE 1= Very favorable GO TO MT17 ANSWER PER ROW 2= Somewhat favorable 3= Somewhat unfavorable 4= Very unfavorable Value for money Customer service Affordability Reliability

MT15.ASK ONLY IF MT10=2. OTHERS SKIP TO MT17. You said you don’t personally have a SIM card. Do you use a SIM card that belongs to somebody else? SINGLE ANSWER Yes 1 No 2 GO TO MT17

MT16. ASK IF MT15=1. OTHERS SKIP TO MT17. Whose SIM card have you ever used? READ OUT. ACCEPT MULTIPLE ANSWERS 1=Yes 2=No A member of this household A mobile money agent A friend or family member outside the household A neighbor Other (Specify) DK

Subsection 2.3: Mobile phone use

MT17. ASK IF MT2=1 or MT7=1. OTHERS SKIP TO MT18a. Apart from today, when was the last time you performed the following activities on your personal phone or on the phone that you borrow/rent from other people? READ OUT. SINGLE ANSWER FOR EACH ROW 1=Yesterday 2=In the past 7 days 3=In the past 30 days 4=In the past 90 days 5=More than 90 days ago 6=Never

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Made calls Received calls Sent/received text messages Sent/received photo messages (MMS) Used/browsed the internet Downloaded music, video or games Made a financial transaction such as send/receive money, pay debt, or banking transaction Used “Call Tunes” or other audio/video on-demand from operator services Used Facebook, WhatsApp, Twitter, Instagram or another social networking site Took a color picture Downloaded/used any other mobile application Used the touch screen Used navigation, maps

MT18. ASK IF MT2=1 or MT7=1. OTHERS SKIP TO FF1. Who do you turn to for advice or help with a mobile phone? READ OUT. ACCEPT MULTIPLE ANSWERS 1=Yes 2=No I do not ask anyone, do not need help Male relative Female relative Male friend Female friend Mobile money agent Other(Specify) Recharge shop, retail outlet

MT18A. Ask if (MT2 NOT EQUAL TO 1) OR ( MT7 NOT EQUAL TO 1). OTHERWISE GO TO FF1. If you had access to a phone, do you believe you could perform the following activities without help from other people? READ OUT. SINGLE ANSWER FOR EACH ROW 1=Yes 2=No Make calls/receive calls Navigate the menu on the phone Send/receive text messages Use/browse the internet

SECTION III: FINANCIAL INSTRUMENTS/BANKS Subsection 3.1: Access and ownership

FF1. Do you personally have a bank account that is registered in your name? SINGLE ANSWER Yes 1 No 2 SKIP TO FF3

FF2. ASK IF FF1=1. OTHERS SKIP TO FF3 Do you usually make transactions with your bank account yourself or does somebody else make them on your behalf? SINGLE ANSWER Make transactions myself 1 Somebody makes them on my behalf 2

FF2A. ASK IF FF1=1. OTHERS SKIP TO FF3. What was the main reason you signed up for a bank account? DO NOT READ. CODE TO FIT. SINGLE ANSWER I needed an account to receive my salary/wages. 1 I needed an account to receive payments from the government (e.g., pension, unemployment payments, or 2 government assistance) I wanted to have access to credit or a credit card through a bank 3 An organization/government agency requested I sign up for an account 4 I had to send money to or receive money from another person 5 I needed a bank account to make a purchase 6 Somebody requested I open an account/Another person opened the account for me 7 I had to send money to an organization/government agency(e.g., had to pay a bill) 8

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An agent or sales person convinced me 9 I saw posters/billboards/radio/TV advertising that convinced me 10 Someone I know has a bank account and they recommended I open one 11 I wanted to start saving money with a bank account 12 I wanted a safe place to store my money 13 I saw a promotion that I wanted to take advantage of 14 Most of my friends/family members are already using them/I saw other people using them and wanted to try it 15 myself An organization/the government opened an account for me 16 Other(specify) 96

FF3. ASK IF FF1=2. OTHERS SKIP TO FF5. What is the main reason you do not have a bank account? DO NOT READ. CODE TO FIT. SINGLE ANSWER I do not know what it is 1 I do not know how to open one 2 I do not have a state-issued/national ID or other required documents 3 There are no banks close to where I live 4 I do not have money/I do not have money to make any transactions with such an account 5 I do not need one, I do not make any transactions 6 Registration paperwork is too complicated 7 Registration fee is too high 8 Using a bank account is difficult 9 Fees for using a bank account are too high/I can’t afford the minimum balance 10 No one among my friends or family has such an account 11 I do not understand the purpose of such an account, I do not know what I can use it for 12 A nearby bank has agents but they are not accessible 13 Banks are not reliable 14 Banks do not offer the services I need 15 Bank staff/agents are unfriendly; they make me feel unwelcomed 16 Bank hours are not convenient for me/I don’t have time to go to the bank 17 I never thought about using a bank 18 I do not trust banks/that my money is safe in a bank/I would rather have my money close to me 19 I use mobile money 20 I use somebody else’s account 21 My male relatives (husband, father, in-laws, etc.) do not approve of me having a bank account 22 I will not be able to go to a bank on my own 23 It’s not approved by my religion 24 Other(specify) 96 DK 99

FF4. ASK IF FF1=2. OTHERS SKIP TO FF5. Do you use a bank account that belongs to somebody else if you need to? SINGLE ANSWER Yes 1 No 2 GO TO MM1

Subsection 3.2: Digital FI filter

READ TO THE RESPONDENT: In the next set of questions I want to ask about a bank account that you personally have or that belongs to somebody else but you use it. If you have more than one bank account, please choose the one that you use the most.

FF5. ASK IF FF1=1 OR FF4=1. OTHERS GO MM1. Which of the following services does your bank or the bank you use offer? It does not matter if you use those services, I just want to know if they are available to you. READ OUT. SINGLE ASNWER At least one of the following: savings, money transfers, insurance, investment 1 GO TO FF6 Only loans 2 GO TO FF6 NONE OF THE ABOVE 3

FF6. ASK IF FF1=1 OR FF4=1. OTHERS GO MM1. I will read you several statements. Please tell me which of them apply to your bank account or a bank account you use that belongs to someone else. The statements ask about some of the services offered by banks. I would like to know if your bank provides these services even if you personally do not use them.

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READ OUT. SINGLE ANSWER PER ROW. 1=Yes 2=No 99=DK You can access your account and make transactions using either a mobile phone application or the bank’s website The bank offers a debit/ATM card with this account The bank offers a credit card with this account You can transfer money to/from this account without using cash (e.g., receive salary or government benefits, direct deposit, automatic payments or withdrawals, transfers to/from other bank/mobile money /SACCO/cooperative)

Subsection 3.3: Bank account use

FF7. ASK IF FF1=1. OTHERS GO TO FF8. How many of the following types of bank accounts do you have?

FF8. ASK IF FF1=1 OR FF4=1. OTHERS GO TO FF9. How many of the following types of bank accounts belonging to other people can you use? READ OUT. MARK ALL THAT APPLY FF7 FF8 ENTER ENTER NUMBER NUMBER (99 for DK) (99 for DK) Current/for everyday needs WITH a cheque book Current/for everyday needs WITHOUT a cheque book Current account with overdraft facilities Savings Student Fixed Investment Other(Specify)

FF9. ASK IF FF1=11or FF4=1. OTHERS SKIP TO MM1. Apart from today, when was the last time you made a deposit or withdrawal using a bank account, or used a bank account for any other financial activity? READ OUT. SINGLE ANSWER Yesterday 1 GO TO FF10 In the past 7 days 2 In the past 30 days 3 In the past 90 days 4 More than 90 days ago 5 Never 6 SKIP TO MM1

FF10. ASK IF ANSWERS 1-5 IN FF9. OTHERS SKIP TO MM1. When you use a bank account for any financial activity, do you use any of the following? IF A RESPONDENT HAS MORE THAN ONE BANK ACCOUNT, ASK THEM ABOUT THE ONE THEY USE MOST FREQUENTLY.

FF13. ASK IF AT LEAST ONE OPTION MARKED IN FF10. OTHERS SKIP TO FF14. Of the different ways you use a bank for financial activities, which is your preferred way? READ OUT. FF10 FF13 1=Yes SINGLE 2=No ANSWER MARK ALL THAT APPLY Over the counter at a bank branch 1 ATM 2 Bank deposits or withdrawals over the counter at a retail store 3 Bank’s website/online banking 4 Mobile app/mobile banking 5 A door-to-door banking agent or another person who is associated with this bank or 6 MFI/MDI/money collector/banking agent Other (Specify) 96

FF14. ASK IF ANSWERS 1-5 IN FF9. OTHERS SKIP MM1. Which of the following have you ever done using a bank account?

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FF16. ASK ONLY FOR ACTIVITIES MARKED IN FF14. OTHERS SKIP TO FF19. When was the last time you used a bank account for this activity? READ OUT FF14. FF16. MULTIPLE 1=Yesterday ANSWERS 2=In the past 7 days 1=Yes 3=In the past 30 days 2=No 4=In the past 90 days 5=More than 90 days ago 6=Never Deposited money Withdrew money Bought airtime top-ups, pay mobile phone bill Paid a school fee Paid a medical bill Paid a utility bill (i.e., electricity, water, solar, TV/cable) Paid rent Paid a government bill, including tax, fine or fee Sent money to family members, friends, workmates or other acquaintances for regular support/allowances, to help with emergencies, or for other reasons Received money from family members, friends, workmates or other acquaintances for regular support/allowances, to help with emergencies, or for other reasons Received a welfare, pension or other benefit payment from the government Received wages for primary or secondary job Paid for large acquisitions, including land, cattle, residence Made insurance-related payments or received claims on insurance Took a loan or made payments on a loan, given a loan or received payments on a loan Saved money for a future purchase or payment Set aside money for pension, paid pension contributions Set money aside just in case/for an undetermined purpose Made an investment, including bought stock or shares Paid for goods or services at a grocery store, clothing shop or any other store/shop Transferred money between a bank account and an account with another financial institution Paid money to or received money from your savings and/or lending group Account maintenance: Checked your account balance, changed PIN, received mini-statement, etc. Other (specify)

FF19. ASK IF ANSWERS 1-5 IN FF9. OTHERS SKIP MM1. In the past 6 months, have you ever experienced any of the following when using a bank account? READ OUT. SINGLE ANSWER PER ROW. 1=Yes 2=No Unexpected charges Lost money Registered a complaint or called a customer care line ATM not working Debit/credit card did not work when paying for goods/services Could not use your bank account because of system outages (online) Could not use your bank account because of system outages (offline) A scam asking for your bank details or information Paid an extra fee at a bank branch, such as a fee paid to a security guard

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FF20. ASK ONLY IF FF14.15=1. OTHERS SKIP TO MM1Do you currently have a loan through your bank account? READ OUT. SINGLE ANSWER Yes 1 No 2

SECTION IV: MOBILE MONEY Subsection 4.1: Awareness, access, ownership

MM1. Have you ever heard of something called mobile money? SINGLE ANSWER. Yes 1 No 2

MM2. Please tell me the names of any mobile money service providers that you are aware of?

MM3. ASK ALL ONLY ABOUT SERVICES NOT MENTIONED IN MM2. Have you ever heard about the following mobile money services? MM2 MM3 SPONTANEOUS RECALL PROMPTED RECALL ASK ONLY ABOUT SERVICES NOT 1=Yes MENTIONED IN MM2 2=No 1=Yes 2=No MTN Mobile Money Airtel Money M-Sente Ezee Money Vodafone M-PESA Africell money Safaricom M-PESA Other( Specify)

MM4. ASK IF AT LEAST ONE PROVIDER MARKED IN MM2 OR MM3. OTHERS SKIP TO MMP1. Have you ever used this mobile money service for any financial activity?

MM5. ASK FOR EACH MOBILE MONEY PROVIDER MARKED IN MM4. IF NO PROVIDERS MARKED SKIP TO MM6. Apart from today, when was the last time you conducted any financial activity with this mobile money service?

MM5A. When/what time do you typically conduct any financial activity using mobile money service?

MM6. ASK IF AT LEAST ONE PROVIDER MARKED IN MM2 OR MM3. OTHERS SKIP TO MMP1. Do you have a registered account (account registered in your name) with this mobile money service?

MM7. ASK IF MM4=1 and MM6=1 FOR THE SAME PROVIDER. OTHERS SKIP TO MM8. Did you register for this mobile money account before or after you started using this mobile money service?

MM8. ASK FOR ALL SERVICES MARKED IN MM6. OTHERS SKIP TO MM9. Apart from today, when was the last time you conducted any financial activity using these registered accounts?

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MM4 MM5 MM5A MM6 MM7. MM8 1=Yes READ OUT. READ OUT. 1=Yes 1=Before READ OUT. 2=No SINGLE SINGLE 2=No 2=After SINGLE ANSWER. (PROBE) 99=DK ANSWER. 1=Yesterday ANSWER PER 1=Yesterday 2=In the past 7 ROW. 2=In the past 7 days days 3=In the past 30 1= Morning 3=In the past 30 days 2= Afternoon days 4=In the past 90 3= Evening 4=In the past 90 days 4= At night days 5=More than 90 5=More than 90 days ago days ago 6=Never MTN Mobile Money Airtel Money M-Sente Ezee Money Vodafone M- PESA Africell money Safaricom M- PESA Other (Specify)

MM9. ASK IF AT LEAST ONE PROVIDER MARKED IN MM4. OTHERS SKIP TO MM12. For how long have you been using mobile money services? READ OUT. SINGLE ANSWER Less than 1 month 1 More than 1 month to 3 months 2 More than 3 months to 6 months 3 More than 6 months to 1 year 4 More than 1 year 5

MM9A. ASK IF AT LEAST ONE PROVIDER MARKED IN MM4. OTHERS SKIP TO MM12. How important are mobile money service offerings in influencing your choice of cell service provider? READ OUT SINGLE ANSWER Very important 1 Somewhat important 2 Neither important nor unimportant 3 Somewhat unimportant 4 Not important at all 5

MM10A. ASK IF AT LEAST ONE PROVIDER MARKED IN MM4. OTHERS SKIP TO MM12. Have you experienced any of the following challenges when using mobile money?

MM10B. ASK IF MM10A=YES. OTHERS SKIP TO MM11. What is the biggest challenge you face when using mobile money? READ OUT. MM10A MM10B (Single Answer) 1=Yes 2=No

Service system downtime 1 Agent system downtime 2 Difficulty operating the phone/using menu 3 Unclear transaction charges/fees 4 Agent float/cash availability 5 Contacting customer care 6 Sending to a wrong number 7 Family/friends stealing money 8 Other (specify) 96

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DK 99

Subsection 4.2: Mobile money use and nonuse

MM11. ASK FOR EACH MOBILE MONEY PROVIDER MARKED IN MM4. IF NO PROVIDERS MARKED IN MM4, SKIP TO MM12. How do you usually access this mobile money service? MM11. READ OUT. ACCEPT MULTIPLE ANSWERS. 1=Over the counter or by using an agent’s account 2=Account of a family member in this household 3=Account of a family member in another household, other relative, friend or a neighbor 4=Account of a workmate or a business partner 5=My own account 6=ATM 96=Other(specify) MTN Mobile Money Airtel Money M-Sente Ezee Money Vodafone M-PESA Africell money Safaricom M-PESA Other (Specify)

MM12. ASK ONLY IF “NO” FOR ALL IN MM4. OTHERS SKIP TO MM14. What is the main reason you have never used mobile money services? DO NOT READ. CODE TO FIT. SINGLE ANSWER I do not know what it is/I do not understand what I can use it for 1 I do not know how to use the services 2 I do not have the required identification documents 3 There is no point-of-service/agent close to where I live 4 I do not need one, I do not make any transactions 5 Registration paperwork is too complicated 6 Registration fee is too high 7 Using such an account is difficult 8 Fees for using this service are too high 9 I do not have money/I do not have money to make any transactions with such an account 10 No one among my friends or family uses this service 11 I cannot use mobile money services on my phone 12 I do not trust that my money is safe on a mobile money account 13 My male family members (i.e., husband, father, in-laws) do not approve of me having a mobile money account 14 It is against my religion 15 I don’t use them because all agents are men 16 Mobile money does not provide anything better/any advantage over the financial services I currently use 17 Other(specify) 96

MM13. ASK IF AT LEAST ONE PROVIDER=1 AT MM4 AND ALL PROVIDERS=2 IN MM6. OTHERS GO TO MM14. What is the main reason you have not signed up for a mobile money account even though you are using the services? DO NOT READ. CODE TO FIT. SINGLE ANSWER I do not have a state ID or other required documents 1 There is no point of service/agent close to where I live 2 I do not need to, I do not make any transactions 3 Using such an account is difficult/ I do not know how to use it on my own 4 Fees for using such an account are too high 5 I never have money to make a transaction with such an account 6 No one among my friends or family has such an account 7 I do not understand the purpose of this account, I don’t know what I can use it for 8 I can have all the services through an agent, I do not need an account 9 Registration fees are too high 10

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I prefer that agents perform transactions for me, they will fix the problems if anything happens/agent can help me 11 use the service I do not trust my money is safe on a mobile money account/I prefer to keep money in cash and use m-money only 12 to send/receive money I have heard of fraud on mobile money 13 I do not see any additional advantages to registration 14 Someone in my family already has an account 15 Other (specify) 96

MM14. ASK ONLY IF AT LEAST ONE MOBILE MONEY SERVICE IS SELECTED IN MM4. OTHERS SKIP TO MMP1. What is the main reason you started using mobile money? DO NOT READ. CODE TO FIT. SINGLE ANSWER I had to send money to another person 1 I had to receive money from another person 2 Somebody requested I open an account 3 I had to send money to an organization/government agency (e.g., had to pay a bill) 4 I had to receive money from an organization/government agency (e.g., pension, unemployment payment or welfare 5 benefits An organization/government agency requested I sign up for an account 6 An agent or sales person convinced me 7 I saw posters/billboards/radio/TV advertising that convinced me 8 A person I know, who uses mobile money, recommended I use it because it is better than other financial 9 instruments I use I saw other people using it and wanted to try it myself/most of my friends or family members are already using it 10 I wanted to start saving money with a mobile money account 11 I wanted a safe place to store my money 12 Through a promotion, I was given an amount of money to spend if I started using mobile money/I got a discount 13 Other (specify) 96

MM15. ASK IF AT LEAST ONE SERVICE MARKED IN MM4. OTHERS SKIP TO MMP1. Have you ever used a mobile money account to do the following…?

MM17. ASK IF MM15 =1. IF NO ACTIVITIES MARKED IN MM15, SKIP TO MM24. When was the last time you used mobile money for this activity? READ OUT MM15. MM17. MULTIPLE 1=Yesterday ANSWERS 2=In the past 7 days 1=Yes 3=In the past 30 days 2=No 4=In the past 90 days 5=More than 90 days ago 6=Never Deposit money Withdraw money Buy airtime top-ups, pay mobile phone bill Pay a school fee Pay a medical bill Pay a utility bill (i.e., electricity, water, solar, TV/cable) Pay rent Pay a government bill, including tax, fine or fee Send money to family members, friends, workmates or other acquaintances for regular support/allowances, to help with emergencies, or for other reasons Receive money from family members, friends, workmates or other acquaintances for regular support/allowances, to help with emergencies, or for other reasons Receive welfare, pension or other benefit payments from the government Receive wages for primary or secondary job Pay for large acquisitions, including land, cattle, residence Make insurance-related payments or receive claims on insurance

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Take a loan or make payments on a loan, give a loan or receive payments on a loan Save money for a future purchase or payment Set aside money for pension, paid pension contributions Set money aside just in case/for an undetermined purpose Make an investment, including buy stock or shares Pay for goods or services at a grocery store, clothing shop or any other store/shop Transfer money between a mobile money account and an account with another financial institution Pay money to or receive money from your savings and/or lending group Account maintenance: Check your account balance, change PIN, receive mini-statement, etc. Other (specify)

MM17A. ASK ONLY IF MM15.15=1. OTHERS GO TO MM18. Do you currently have a loan through your mobile money account? READ OUT. SINGLE ANSWER Yes 1 No 2

MM18. ASK ONLY IF MM15.9=1. OTHERS GO TO MM19. You mentioned that you use mobile money to send money to other people. Who do you send money to most often?

MM19. ASK ONLY IF MM15.10=1. OTHERS GO TO MM20. You mentioned that you use mobile money to receive money from other people. From whom do you receive money most often? READ OUT. MM18 MM19 SINGLE ANSWER SINGLE ANSWER Parents 1 1 Spouse 2 2 Children 3 3 Other family members 4 4 Friends 5 5 Merry-go-rounds 6 6 Business-related payments 7 7 Other(specify) 96 96 DK 99 99

MM20. ASK IF MM15.10=1. OTHERS SKIP TO MM24. For the money you receive from other people via mobile money services, how do you handle it most frequently? Do you…? READ OUT. SINGLE ANSWER Withdraw all in cash 1 Withdraw some now but leave some on mobile money for later use 2 Keep all of it on mobile money for later use 3 Save all in a mobile money account 4 Transfer all or some to a bank account 5 Use it electronically to buy goods, pay bills, send to other people, etc. 6 Other (specify) 96 DK 99

MM21. ASK ONLY IF MM15.20=1 . OTHERS SKIP TO MM23. When you use mobile money for merchant payments, how do you usually make a payment? READ OUT. SINGLE ANSWER Send to the merchant’s till number 1 Send to the merchant’s mobile money account 2 Not sure 3

MM23. ASK IF SELECTED ANSWERS 2, 3, 4 OR 5 IN MM20. OTHERS SKIP TO MM24. On average, for how many days do you keep money on a mobile money account before you withdraw or spend it? ______days (RECORD 99 for DK).

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MM24. ASK IF ANY PROVIDER SELECTED IN MM4. OTHERS SKIP TO MMP1. If you were to look for the latest information on how much it costs to send someone money using mobile money, where would you go to look for that information? READ OUT. ACCEPT MULTIPLE ANSWERS 1=Yes 2=No Agent Pricing sheet Family member Friend Internet Phone Provider’s in-person customer care center Look in the mobile money app Other (specify)

MM25. ASK IF ANY PROVIDER SELECTED IN MM4. OTHERS SKIP TO MMP1. To your best knowledge, when was the last time the pricing for mobile money transfer charges changed? READ OUT. SINGLE ANSWER This month 1 In the past 6 months 2 6-12 months ago 3 More than a year ago 4 Not sure 5

Subsection 4.3: OTC

MM28. ASK IF ANY PROVIDER SELECTED IN MM4. OTHERS SKIP TO MMP1. When you use mobile money, which of the following do you use most frequently? READ OUT. SINGLE ANSWER 1=Yes 2=No Your own phone and your own SIM Your own phone but someone else’s SIM Your own SIM but borrow a phone from an agent Your own SIM but borrow a phone from friends or family Borrow both SIM and phone from an agent Borrow both SIM and phone from friends or family Other (specify)

MM29. ASK IF AT LEAST ONE PROVIDER MARKED IN MM6. IF NO PROVIDERS MARKED IN MM6, SKIP TO MM31. Do you usually make transactions with your mobile money account yourself or does somebody else make them on your behalf? SINGLE ANSWER Make transactions myself 1 SKIP TO MM31 Somebody makes them on my behalf 2 GO TO MM30 I have never used my account for any transaction SKIP TO MM31

MM30. ASK IF MM29=2. OTHERS SKIP TO MM31. Who is the person who makes transactions on your behalf most frequently? DO NOT READ. CODE TO FIT. SINGLE ANSWER Male relative 1 Female relative 2 Male friend 3 Female friend 4 Mobile money agent 5 I do them myself 6 Other(specify) 96

MM31. ASK IF AT LEAST ONE PROVIDER SELECTED IN MM4. OTHERS SKIP TO MMP1. Have you ever done the following activities related to the use of mobile money services by yourself?

MM32. ASK IF AT LEAST ONE PROVIDER SELECTED IN MM4. OTHERS SKIP TO MMP1. On a scale from 1 (very easy) to 4 (very difficult), how easy or difficult is it for you to do the following activities related to the use of mobile money services on your own?

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READ OUT. MM31 MM32 1=Yes 1=Very Easy 2=No 2=Easy 99=DK 3=Difficult 4=Very difficult 99=DK Open a mobile money menu Find a particular menu option (e.g., an option for a money transfer) Initiate a transaction Complete a transaction Go back to the main menu after a transaction Correct an error in the amount or phone number for a transaction recipient Reverse or cancel a transaction Send money Receive money Deposit money Withdraw money Buy airtime Check balance

Subsection 4.4: Experiences with mobile money agents

MM33. ASK ONLY IF AT LEAST ONE PROVIDER=YES IN MM4. OTHERS SKIP TO MMP1. Do you tend to use the same mobile money agent all or most of the time? SINGLE ANSWER Yes 1 GO TO MM34 No 2 SKIP TO MM36

MM34. ASK IF MM33=YES. OTHERS SKIP TO MM36. What is the main reason you are using this agent regularly? DO NOT READ. CODE TO FIT. SINGLE ANSWER Out of courtesy 1 The agent is fast 2 I trust this agent 3 Reliability: the agent is always present during work hours 4 Reliability: the agent always has e-float and/or cash to help with my transaction 5 Proximity to where I live 6 Proximity to places I go (e.g., school, retail store, my job) 7 The agent is knowledgeable/helpful 8 The agent is friendly and engaged 9 This agent is my personal friend, family member or relative 10 My family members, friends or workmates use this agent 11 Out of habit/no particular reason 12 The agent is a female 14 The agent is a male 15 The agent was recommended to me 16 The agent’s place is safe/secure 17 Other(specify) 96

MM35. ASK IF MM33=1. OTHERS SKIP TO MM36. Is your regular agent a male or a female? READ OUT. SINGLE ANSWER Male 1 Female 2

THE NEXT SET OF QUESTIONS IS ABOUT ANY AGENT RESPONDENTS USE, NOT NECESSARILY THEIR REGULAR AGENT.

READ TO THE RESPONDENT: Now, I want to ask you about your experience with mobile money agents, in general. You do not have to talk about your regular agent if you do not have one.

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MM36. ASK ONLY IF AT LEAST ONE PROVIDER MARKED IN MM4. OTHERS SKIP TO MMP1. Which of the following mobile money agents are the closest to where you live, regardless of what service you use? READ OUT. MUITIPLE ANSWER MTN Mobile Money 1 Airtel Money 2 M-Sente 3 Ezee Money 4 Vodafone M-PESA 5 Africell money 6 Safaricom M-PESA 7 Other (specify) 96

MM37. ASK ONLY IF AT LEAST ONE PROVIDER MARKED IN MM4. OTHERS SKIP TO MMP1. Do you usually go to a mobile money agent at or near the following places? READ OUT. MARK ALL THAT APPLY 1=Yes 2=No Your home Your work Where you shop for food Near your children’s school/childcare facility Near a public transportation hub (e.g., a bus stop or station) Near a shop where you go to charge your mobile phone Near/at the shop where you buy airtime Other(specify)

MM38. ASK ONLY IF AT LEAST ONE MOBILE MONEY SERVICE IS SELECTED IN MM4. OTHERS GO TO MMP1. Have you ever experienced any of the following issues with any mobile money agent?

MM40. ASK FOR ALL ISSUES MARKED IN MM38. IF NO ISSUES MARKED “YES” SKIP TO MM41, Was the issue resolved to your satisfaction? READ OUT MM38. MM40. 1=Yes 1=Yes 2=No 2=No Agent was absent Agent was rude Agent did not have enough cash or e-float and could not perform the transaction Agent refused to perform the transaction for no reason Agent did not know how to perform the transaction Agent overcharged for the transaction or asked you to pay a deposit Agent did not give all the cash that was owed Agent system or mobile network was down It was very time-consuming/it took you a lot of time to do the transaction You did not get a receipt Agent charged you for depositing money Agent asked for your PIN number Agent was dismissive of women Agent committed fraud Agent’s place was not secure/there were suspicious people at agent’s place Agent shared your personal/account information with other people without your knowledge/permission Agent refused to do the transaction because you did not have your ID Other(specify)

MM41. ASK ONLY IF AT LEAST ONE MOBILE MONEY SERVICE IS SELECTED IN MM4. OTHERS SKIP TO MMP1. When a mobile money transaction goes wrong, who do you go to most frequently to help you resolve the problem? READ OUT. SINGLE ANSWER Resolve it yourself 1 Mobile money agent 2 Mobile money provider/customer service 3

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Family member 4 Friend or neighbor 5 Mobile money transactions never go wrong 7 Other (specify) 96

MM42. ASK ONLY IF AT LEAST ONE MOBILE MONEY SERVICE IS SELECTED IN MM4. OTHERS GO TO MMP1. Tell me if you strongly agree, agree, disagree or strongly disagree with the following statements? READ OUT. SINGLE ANSWER PER ROW 1=Strongly Agree 2=Agree 3=Disagree 4=Strongly disagree Mobile money allows you to keep money on your phone Mobile money allows you to get a loan You can deposit and withdraw in cash using mobile money You can send money to someone using mobile money

You can save money on a mobile phone You can pay for goods and services through your mobile phone

Subsection 4.5: Other MM products (Where applicable)

MMP1. Have you ever used this mobile Money product?

MMP2. ASK ONLY FOR THE OPTIONS MARKED IN MMP1. OTHERS SKIP TO IFI1. When was the last time you used this mobile money product?

MMP3. ASK ONLY FOR THE OPTIONS MARKED IN MMP1. OTHERS SKIP TO IFI1. Do you have a registered account with this product?

MMP4 ASK ONLY FOR THE OPTIONS MARKED IN MMP3. OTHERS SKIP TO IFI1. When was the last time you used your registered account with this product? MMP1 MMP2 MMP3 MMP4 PROMPTED RECALL 1=Yesterday SINGLE SINGLE ANSWER 2=In the past 7 days ANSWER 1=Yesterday 1=Yes 3=In the past 30 days 1=Yes 2=In the past 7 days 2=No 4=In the past 90 days 2=No 3=In the past 30 days 5=More than 90 days 99=DK/Refus 4=In the past 90 days ago ed 5=More than 90 days ago 6=Never 6= Never Pay School Fees Life care Ready Pay Solar BIMA MKOPA

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SECTION V: NONBANK FINANCIAL INSTITUTIONS Subsection 5.1: Awareness, access, ownership

IFI1. Have you ever used any of the following?

IFI2. ASK ONLY FOR OPTIONS MARKED “YES” IN IFI1. OTHERS GO TO IFI3. Apart from today, when was the last time you used this financial service for any financial activity?

IFI3. Do you have an account/membership in your name with any of the following?

IFI4. ASK ONLY FOR OPTIONS MARKED IN IFI3. OTHERS GO TO IFI5. Apart from today, when was the last time you used the account/membership that is in your name for this service? IFI1 IFI2. IFI13 IFI4. SINGLE SINGLE ANSWER SINGLE SINGLE ANSWER ANSWER ANSWER 1=Yesterday 1=Yesterday 1=Yes (Ask 2=In the past 7 days 1=Yes (Ask 2=In the past 7 days IFI2) 3=In the past 30 days IFI4) 3=In the past 30 days 2=No (SKIP TO 4=In the past 90 days 2=No (Go to 4=In the past 90 days IFI3) 5=More than 90 days ago the next row 5=More than 90 days ago 6=Stopped using down) 6=Stopped using altogether altogether 1.Microfinance institution (MFI )OR Micro finance deposit taking institutions(MDIs) 2.Cooperative 3.SACCO 4.Post Office Bank 5.Mery-go-round like Nigiinas or another informal saving network 6.A money guard/ someone in the workplace or neighborhood who collects and keeps savings deposits on a regular basis 7.Savings collectors 8.A digital card, a recharge card that is not attached to a bank or MFI account 9.Other financial service (Specify)

IFI5. ASK IF “YES” TO USING THE INSITUTION IN IFI1.1 THROUGH IFI1.4. OTHERS GO TO FL1. Which of the following services does your (READ THE FINANCIAL INSTITUTION IN THE COLUMN) offer? READ OUT. SINGLE ASNWER PER ROW 1= At least one of the following: savings, money transfers, insurance, investments 2= Only loans 3= NONE OF THE ABOVE

Microfinance institution MFI(s) or Micro finance-deposit taking institutions(MDIs) Cooperative SACCO Post Office Bank

IFI6. ASK IF “YES” FOR MICROFINANCE INSTITUTION/ MICRO FINANNCE DEPOSIT TAKING INSTITUTIONS (MDIs) USE IN IFI1. OTHERS GO TO IFI7. I will read you several statements. Please, tell me which of them apply to an MFI/MDI account that you use, registered or not. You do not have to personally use those services – I just want to know if your microfinance institution offers them.

IFI7. ASK IF “YES” FOR COOPERATIVE USE IN IFI1. OTHERS GO TO IFI8. Which of the following statements apply to the COOPERATIVE account you use, registered or not? You do not have to personally use those services – I just want to know if your cooperative offers them.

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IFI8. ASK IF “YES” FOR SACCO USE IN IFI1. OTHERS GO TO IFI9. Which of the following statements apply to the SACCO account you use, registered or not? You do not have to personally use those services – I just want to know if your SACCO offers them.

IFI9. ASK IF “YES” FOR POST OFFICE USE IN IFI1. OTHERS GO TO IFI10. Which of the following statements apply to the POST OFFICE account you use, registered or not? You do not have to personally use those services – I just want to know if your POST OFFICE offers them. READ OUT. SINGLE ANSWER PER ROW. IFI6 IFI7 IFI8 IFI9 1=Yes 1=Yes 1=Yes 1=Yes 2=No 2=No 2=No 2=No 99=DK 99=DK 99=DK 99=DK You can access your account and make transactions using either a mobile phone application or internet/bank’s website The institution offers a debit/ATM card with this account The institution offers a credit card with this account You can transfer money to/from this account without using cash (make a direct deposit, automatic payments or withdrawals, transfers to/from other bank/mobile money /SACCO/cooperative accounts

IFI10. ASK IF “YES” FOR MICROFINANCE INSTITUTE/ MICRO FINANNCE DEPOSIT TAKING INSTITUTIONS (MDIs) USE IN IFI1. OTHERS GO TO IFI11 Have you ever used your MFI account to do the following?

IFI11. ASK IF “YES” FOR COOPERATIVE USE IN IFI1. OTHERS GO TO IFI12 Have you ever used your cooperative account to do the following?

IFI12. ASK IF “YES” FOR SACCO USE IN IFI1. OTHERS GO TO IFI13 Have you ever used your SACCO account to do the following?

IFI13. ASK IF “YES” FOR POST OFFICE USE IN IFI1. OTHERS GO TO IFI14. Have you ever used your Post Office Bank account to do the following? READ OUT IFI10 IFI11 IFI12 IFI13 1=Yes 1=Yes 1=Yes 1=Yes 2=No 2=No 2=No 2=No 1. Deposit money 2. Withdraw money 3. Buy airtime top-ups, pay mobile phone bill 4. Pay a school fee 5. Pay a medical bill 6. Pay a utility bill (i.e., electricity, water, solar, TV/cable) 7. Pay rent 8. Pay a government bill, including tax, fine or fee 9. Send money to family members, friends, workmates or other acquaintances for regular support/allowances, to help with emergencies, or for other reasons 10. Receive money from family members, friends, workmates or other acquaintances for regular support/allowances, to help with emergencies, or for other reasons 11. Receive welfare, pension or other benefit payments from the government 12. Receive wages for primary or secondary job 13. Pay for large acquisitions, including land, cattle, residence 14. Make insurance-related payments or receive claims on insurance 15. Take a loan or make payments on a loan, give a loan or receive payments on a loan 16. Save money for a future purchase or payment 17. Set aside money for pension, paid pension contributions 18. Set money aside just in case/for an undetermined purpose 19. Make an investment, including buy stock or shares 20. Pay for goods or services at a grocery store, clothing shop or

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any other store/shop 21. Transfer money between your account and an account with another financial institution 22. Pay money to or receive money from your savings and/or lending group 23. Account maintenance: Check your account balance, change PIN, receive mini-statement, etc. 96.Other (specify)

Subsection 5.2: Distance and reach

IFI14. How close are the following to where you live?

IFI15. If you had to go to this institution, how much time would it take you? I want to know, if you use your typical mode of transport or walk or ride a bicycle, whatever you usually do – how long would it take you to get there? It does not matter if you use it or not – I just want to know how far it is from you.

IFI16. ASK FOR EACH OPTION MARKED IN IFI14. IF NO OPTIONS MARKED SKIP TO IFI18. If you want to get to (READ A FINANCIAL SERVICE FROM THE LIST) how would you get there? Would you…?

IFI17. ASK FOR EACH OPTION MARKED IN IFI14. IF NO OPTIONS MARKED SKIP TO IFI18. On a scale from 1 to 5, with 1 being very easy and 5 being very difficult, how difficult it would be for you to go to the closest______? READ OUT. SINGLE IFI14 IFI15 IFI16 IFI17 ANSWER. 1=0.5 km or less 1=15 minutes or less 1=Walk 1=Very easy 2=More than 0.5 km 2=More than 15 to 2=Use a motorcycle taxi 2=Somewhat easy to 1 km 30 minutes or a mini-bus taxi 3=Neither difficult 3=More than 1 km 3=More than 30 3=Use a regular bus nor easy to 5 km minutes to an hour 4=Have to take a train 4=Somewhat 4=More than 5 km 4=More than an 5=Agent would come to difficult to 10 km hour to 2 hours me 5=Very difficult 5=More than 10 km 5=More than 2 6=Ride a bicycle 99=DK to 15 km hours to 4 hours 7=Ride my own car or 6=More than 15 km 6=More than 4 motorbike 99=DK hours 8=Get a car/motorbike 99=DK ride for free with a friend/relative/neighbor 96=Other(specify) 99=DK Bank branch ATM Mobile money agent Banking agent Retail store/kiosk with over- the-counter mobile money services MFI/ MDIs SACCO Semi-formal/informal financial or savings group(VSLA, ROSCA,Nigiina)

Subsection 5.3: Savings and loans groups

Many people belong to informal societies or group savings and loan schemes such as a merry-go-round, savings and lending groups, investment clubs, clan/welfare groups to which they contribute on a regular basis.

IFI18. How many informal societies or group saving schemes do you personally belong to? ______groups (RECORD 99 for DK).

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IFI20. ASK IF IFI18>0. OTHERS SKIP TO IFI24. Do you receive the following services through any of the informal societies or group saving schemes that you personally belong to? READ OUT. ACCEPT MULTIPLE ANSWERS. 1=Yes 2=No Welfare/clan group – we help each other out for things like funerals We receive loan/credit We collect money and give to each member a lump sum (pot) or gift in turn We save and lend money to members and/or non-members to be repaid with interest We periodically distribute all monies held by the group to its members We save together and put the money in an account We make other kinds of investments as a group (e.g., property, business) We invest in the stock market as a group

IFI21. ASK IF IFI18>0. OTHERS SKIP TO IFI24. What is the most important reason you use informal societies and/or group saving schemes? DO NOT READ. CODE TO FIT. SINGLE ANSWER To have a lump sum to use when it is your turn 1 To keep money safe 2 To have access to loans or credit 3 To help when there is a death in the family or any other emergency 4 It is compulsory in your clan/village 5 To socialize/meet your friends 6 To exchange ideas about business 7 To invest in bigger things by pooling money/resources together 8 The group buys you household goods or farm goods when it’s your turn 9 To increase income by lending 10 You cannot get money or help anywhere else 11 You can get money easily when you need it 12 You get motivated/get disciplined to save from saving with others 13 You can’t save at home – money gets used on other things 14 It encourages you to work harder 15 Other (specify) 96

IFI22. ASK IF IFI18>0. OTHERS SKIP TO IFI24. Have you experienced any of the following with an informal society/group you belong to? READ OUT. ACCEPT MULTIPLE ANSWERS 1=Yes 2=No Lost money through theft or fraud by someone outside the group Lost money through theft or fraud by a committee member Lost money through bad investment of funds Loss of membership through death or membership cancellation Poor leadership/ disagreement within the group Money/cash not available immediately

IFI23. ASK IF IFI18>0. OTHERS SKIP TO IFI24. Are any of your savings and loans groups linked to a mobile money group wallet or do they have a bank account? READ OUT. 1=Yes 2=No Linked to a bank/has an account with a bank Linked to a mobile money group wallet/has a mobile money wallet

IFI24. ASK IF IFI18=0. OTHERS SKIP TOTHE FL1. What is the main reason you do not belong to any informal societies or group saving schemes? DO NOT READ. CODE TO FIT. SINGLE ANSWER You have an account in a bank or mobile money account/ other formal institution 1 You don’t have any money left for savings 2 You don’t know about them 3 You don’t need any service from them 4 You don’t trust them/people steal your money 5 Groups require too much time in meetings 6 Had previous bad experience 7

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You have just dissolved your membership in one and are still debating joining another one 8 You have not found a group that suits your needs 9 Others (Specify) 96

SECTION VI: FINANCIAL LITERACY Subsection 6.1: Budget planning

FL1. How often do you make a plan for how to spend your income, whether it is earned through a job, received from the government or from other people?

FL2. ASK IF ANSWERS 1-3 IN FL1. OTHERS SKIP TO FL4. When you make a plan, how often do you keep to it? READ OUT. SINGLE ANSWER FL1 FL2 Always or most of the time 1 1 Sometimes 2 2 Rarely 3 3 Never 4 4

FL3. ASK IF ANSWERS 1-3 IN FL1. OTHERS SKIP TO FL4. When you plan your household’s expenses, for what period you usually plan? DO NOT READ. CODE TO FIT. SINGLE ANSWER. 1 day 1 1 week 2 1 month 3 3 months 4 6 months 5 1 year 6 5 years 7 Do not plan household expenses. 8 Other (specify) 96

FL4. What or who do you depend on the most for financial advice? DO NOT READ. CODE TO FIT. SINGLE ANSWER. Spouse 1 Bank 2 Insurance company 3 MFI/MDIs 4 SACCO 5 Merry-go-round like Nigiina/ROSCA 6 Church or mosque 7 Friends, family, neighbors 8 Radio 9 TV 10 Newspapers, other printed media 11 Big adverts, billboards 12 Leaflet from a financial institution 13 NGO workshop/seminar 14 Local government 15 Internet 16 Supernatural being 17 Other(specify) 96 Yourself only 19 DK 99

FL6. I will read several statements. Tell me, does the following apply to you? READ OUT. SINGLE ANSWER PER ROW 1=Yes 2=No

I spend less money than I make each month I have an emergency fund to cover unplanned expenses

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I pay my bills on time My savings is larger than my debt

FL7. Does your family have a plan to manage unexpected expenses, which might result from the following? READ OUT. SINGLE ANSWER PER ROW 1=Yes 2=No 99=DK Loss of a house due to fire, flood or another natural disaster Major medical emergency, including illness, injury and childbirth Bankruptcy/loss of a job or business Loss of harvest or livestock due to weather conditions or disease Loss of property due to theft or burglary Death in the family, including death of the main income earner

FL8. How much do you agree with the following statements (Strongly Agree, Agree, Neither agree nor Disagree, Disagree, Strongly Disagree) READ OUT. SINGLE ANSWER PER ROW. 1=Strongly agree 2=Agree 3=Neither agree nor disagree 4=Disagree 5=Strongly disagree I am highly satisfied with my present financial condition I have too much debt right now Friends and family rely heavily on me to help with their finances I am comfortable having some debt if it allows me to accomplish my goals I have the skills and knowledge to manage my finances well When I have some money it’s better to use or invest it right away. Just keeping it sitting there is wasteful I buy from several different shopkeepers so that they know me and will give me credit when I need it

FL9. Imagine that this month, after paying for food, cooking fuel, school fees, rent, and airtime, you found yourself with some extra money. Please, select 3 options from the list that you are most likely to spend it on? SHOW CARD READ OUT First option Second Option Third Option SINGLE SINGLE SINGLE RESPONSE RESPONSE RESPONSE Saving money 1 1 1 Investing in your existing business 2 2 2 Repaying any existing debts 3 3 3 Sending money to other people, including sending regular support 4 4 4 money, emergency support, gifts, etc. Spending on farm (e.g., lease more land, buy fertilizer or pesticides, 5 5 5 buy seeds) Buying the family some clothes/something nice for the home 6 6 6 Buying better food 7 7 7 Buying more of your usual foods 8 8 8 Invest in assets like shares, real estate, jewelry 9 9 9 Entertainment (e.g., movies, restaurants, sport shows, theater, 10 10 10 restaurants, clubbing, partying) I don’t want to spend on anything else 11 11 11 Other (specify) 96 96 96

FL10. What’s the most important financial goal for you right now? DO NOT READ. CODE TO FIT. SINGLE ANSWER Paying school fees 1 Building or upgrading the home/property 2 Buying a piece of land 3 Acquiring furniture and household utensils 4 Paying off a debt 5 Growing my business or a family member’s business 6 Investing in the farm 7 43

Taking care of relatives 8 Preparing for the expenses of a new child 9 Acquiring some kind of personal asset (e.g., motorbike, phone, TV, laptop, car) 10 Make more money 11 Other (specify) 96 DK 99

FL11. How likely is it that you could get together sufficient funds from your friends and family for a medical emergency if it was too much for you to manage alone? READ OUT. SINGLE ANSWER Very likely 1 Somewhat likely 2 Somewhat unlikely 3 Very unlikely 4 DK 99

Subsection 6.2: Numeracy and Literacy

Now, I would like you to answer several questions that require some calculations. Please, do not be concerned – this is not a test. We just want to see if you understand some of the issues related to budgeting your income and making choices related to money.

FL12. Imagine you have 3, 000 UGX. Somebody gave you 500 UGX. How much total money will you have? DO NOT READ. SINGLE ANSWER. 3500UGX 1 Any other answer 2 DK 99

FL13. Imagine you have 3000 UGX and you have to divide it among 5 people. How much money will each person receive if you divide it equally? DO NOT READ. SINGLE ANSWER. 600UGX 1 Any other answer 2 DK 99

FL 14. Suppose you have some money. Is it safer to put your money into one business or investment, or to put your money into multiple businesses or investments? DO NOT READ. SINGLE ANSWER. One business or investment 1 Multiple businesses or investments 2 DK 99

FL 15. Suppose over the next 10 years the prices of the things you buy double. If your income also doubles, will you be able to buy less than you can buy today, the same as you can buy today, or more than you can buy today? DO NOT READ. SINGLE ANSWER. Less 1 The same 2 More 3 DK 99

FL 16. Suppose you need to borrow 3000 UGX. Which is the lower amount to pay back: 3500UGX or 3000UGX plus 3 percent? DO NOT READ. SINGLE ANSWER. 3500UGX 1 3000UGX plus 3 percent 2 DK 99

FL 17. Suppose you put money in the bank for two years and the bank agrees to add 15 percent per year to your account. Will the bank add more money to your account the second year than it did the first year, or will it add the same amount of money both years? DO NOT READ. SINGLE ANSWER. More 1 The same 2

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DK 99

FL 18. Suppose you had 3000UGX. in a savings account and the bank adds 10 percent per year to the account. How much money would you have in the account after five years if you did not remove any money from the account? DO NOT READ. SINGLE ANSWER. More than 3300UGX 1 Exactly 3300UGX 2 Less than 3300UGX 3 DK 99

SECTION VII: FINANCIAL BEHAVIORS Subsection 7.2: Borrowing/Credit

FB1. Do you agree or disagree with the following statements? READ OUT. MULTIPLE ANSWERS. 1=Agree 2=Disagree Credit is the ability to borrow money and pay it back later Credit is the ability to obtain goods or services now and pay for them in the future Credit is the ability to borrow money to be paid back later at the price of the interest rate

FB2. If it was available to you now, which would you prefer to have more? READ OUT. SINGLE ANSWER The ability to borrow money for capital or an investment 1 The ability to borrow money in case of an emergency 2 The ability to purchase goods or services and pay for them later 3

FB3. Have you needed credit in the past year but could not access it? SINGLE ANSWER Yes 1 No 2

FB4. ASK IF ANSWER TO FB3=1. What prevented you from accessing credit? DO NOT READ OUT. MULTIPLE ANSWERS. I did not have the required documents 1 Already owed money on a loan 2 Did not qualify for a credit 3 Did not know where to go to get a credit 4 Other(specify)______96

FB13. How many times in the past 12 months have you borrowed money (from outside your household)? ______times (RECORD 99 for DK).

FB14. ASK IF FB13>0. OTHERS SKIP TO FB16. How many times in the past 12 months did you borrow money to pay for education/school fees? ______times (RECORD 99 for DK).

FB15. ASK IF FB13>0. OTHERS SKIP TO FB16. How many times in the past 12 months did you borrow money because of an emergency? ______times (RECORD 99 for DK).

FB16. Have you borrowed money/have loans from the following organizations or individuals?

FB16A. ASK FOR ALL INSTITUTIONS SELECTED IN FB16. IF NO INSTITUTIONS MARKED IN FB16 SKIP TO FB18. Do you current have a loan with this organization?

FB17. ASK FOR ALL INSTITUTIONS SELECTED IN FB16. IF NO INSTITUTIONS MARKED IN FB16 SKIP TO FB18. Do you know what interest rate or fee you pay on your loans from…? READ OUT FB16 FB16a (ASK IF FB16=1) FB17 1=Yes 1=Yes 1=Yes 2=No 2=No 2=No

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Bank, personal or business loans Mobile money account Microfinance institution/Micro finance deposit taking institutions SACCO Loan from a government institution (e.g., Youth development Fund, Women development fund Loan from an employer Loan from an ASCA (a group that lends to group members and to others with interest) Loan from a Niginas, merry-go-round Loan from family/friends/neighbor Loan from an informal moneylender/Shylock Local shop/supplier that allows you to take goods/services on credit Loan/credits from a buyer of your harvest (e.g., tobacco, vegetables) Hire purchase Layaway purchase/loan Other(specify)

FB18. Which of the following statements best describes how you usually repay your loans? READ OUT. SINGLE ANSWER I repay in full before the deadline 1 I repay on the agreed day – neither before the deadline nor after the deadline 2 I ask for an extension for repayment 3 I occasionally fail to repay by the deadline and forget to ask for an extension 4 I do not borrow money/do not have loans 5

FB19. Which of the following best describes how you spent the money you borrowed last time? READ OUT. SINGLE ANSWER Routine purchases such as groceries and transportation 1 Medical payments, hospital charges 2 Educational expenses, school fees 3 Bills (e.g., utility bills, rent, taxes, etc.) 4 Mobile phone airtime 5 Emergency expenses (Specify) 6 Investment in business, farm or future (e.g., buying livestock, land, seeds, equipment, machinery, etc.) 7 A large purchase (e.g., TV, car, bicycle, house, etc.) 8 To boost my business 9 I do not borrow money/do not have loans 10 Other (specify) 96

FB 19A. Do you currently have any of the following products for your household?

FB 19B. ASK ONLY IF THE ANSWER TO FB19A =2. Do you want to have any of the following products for your household? READ OUT. FB.19A FB 19B Currently have Want SINGLE ANSWER PER ROW. 1=Yes 1=Yes 2=No 2=No 99=Don’t know A loan that came with a new financial account A loan accessed through an existing financial account A mobile money account that came with a smartphone A credit plan for school fees A goal savings plan or contractual savings plan for school fees Other (specify)

FB20. ASK ONLY IF DOES NOT BORROW FROM A BANK (FB16.1=2). OTHERS SKIP TO FB21. What is the main reason you do not borrow from a bank?

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FB21. ASK ONLY IF DOES NOT BORROW FROM A MOBILE MONEY PROVIDER (FB16.2=2). OTHERS SKIP TO FB22. What is the main reason you do not borrow from a mobile money provider? DO NOT READ. CODE TO FIT. SINGLE ANSWER FB20 FB21 I can borrow money through other means 1 1 I do not know how to open an account 2 2 I do not have a state ID or other required documents 3 3 There is no formal financial institution close to where I live 4 4 Paperwork is too complicated 5 5 Registration fee is too high 6 6 I have difficulty understanding how to use such accounts, including account menus, filling out 7 7 deposit/withdrawal slips, checking my balance, etc. Fees for using this service are too high 8 8 No one among my friends or family saves/borrows money 9 9 I do not trust formal financial institutions 10 10 I prefer to rely on my friends and family for financial services rather than formal institutions 11 11 The amount of money I need to borrow is too small to use such a service 12 12 Formal financial institutions are not flexible enough 13 13 Interest rate is too high 14 14 I have enough money, I don’t need to borrow 15 15 Other (specify) 96 96

Subsection 7.3: Savings

FB22. Do you save with any of the following?

FB23. ASK FOR ALL OPTIONS SELECTED IN FB22. IF NO OPTIONS SELECTED IN FB22 SKIP TO FB27. Do you know what interest rate you earn on your savings from…? READ OUT. FB22 1=Yes FB23 2=No 1=Yes 2=No Bank Mobile money account or mobile money product Savings account at a SACCO, a member-based organization (e.g., Wazalendo, Twekembe, Savings at a microfinance institution (organization which mostly lends to members in a group, e.g., KWFT, Faulu) Savings with an ASCAVSLA, (a group that lends to its members or to other people with interest) Savings with a ROSCA/Nigiinas merry-go-round (a group that collects money from each member and gives it to one person in turn) Savings through buying something (agricultural inputs, livestock, other property) Digital/recharge card Other people (e.g., family, friends, neighbors, shopkeepers, money guards, etc.) In a safe place at home or on yourself in cash In-kind assets, such as gold Other(specify)

FB24. ASK ONLY IF DOES NOT SAVE AT A BANK (FB22.1=2). OTHERS SKIP TO FB25. What is the main reason you do not save at a bank?

FB25. ASK ONLY IF DOES NOT SAVE WITH MOBILE MONEY (FB22.2=2). OTHERS SKIP TO FB26. What is the main reason you do not save with mobile money? READ OUT. SINGLE ANSWER FB24 FB25 I can save through other means 1 1 I do not know how to open an account 2 2 I do not have a state ID or other required documents 3 3 There is no formal financial institution close to where I live 4 4 Paperwork is too complicated 5 5 Registration fee is too high 6 6 I have difficulty understanding how to use such accounts, including account menus, filling out 7 7 deposit/withdrawal slips, checking my balance, etc.

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Fees for using this service are too high 8 8 No one among my friends or family saves money 9 9 I’m afraid it will be stolen 10 10 I do not trust formal financial institutions 11 11 I prefer to rely on my friends and family for financial services rather than formal institutions 12 12 The amount of money I am saving is too small to use such a service 13 13 Formal financial institutions are not flexible enough 14 14 I do not have enough money to save 15 15 Other (specify) 96 96

FB26. ASK IF AT LEAST ONE OPTION SELECTED IN FB22. OTHERS SKIP TO FB27. Do you save for any of the following purposes? READ OUT 1=Yes 2=No Start/expand your own business Education for yourself Get ready for retirement Buy expensive and prestigious things such as an expensive car, jewelry, designer clothes, high-end electronics, Save for a house Save for marriage (introductions & weddings) Protect your family from poverty and crime/protect your belongings In case of emergency Just make ends meet on a daily basis Give back to your community by giving out money, creating a charitable organization (e.g., orphanage, senior home, free school, etc.), or creating jobs Build children’s fund for education Build children’s fund for wedding (the ceremony and/or dowry)

Subsection 7.4: Insurance

FB27. Do you have the following insurance?

FB28. ASK FOR EACH OPTION SELECTED IN FB27. IF NOTHING SELECTED IN FB27 SKIP TO FB29. Where did you buy this insurance from? READ OUT. SINGLE ANSWER PER ROW FB27 FB28 1=Yes 1=Government/public insurance 2=No 2=NGO 3=Private insurance 4=Required with loan 5=Automatic from telecommunication companies 5=From seed company 6=Mobile money/telephony provider 96=Other(specify) 99=DK Medical Life Car, vehicle Agriculture House/property/asset Unemployment/income protection Educational policy Retirement/pension/old age National Social Security Fund Other (specify)

Subsection 7.5: Investment

FB29. Do you invest in any of the following?

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READ OUT. SINGLE ANSWER PER ROW 1=Yes 2=No Your own business Other people’s businesses (e.g., neighbors, friends, relatives) Assets (e.g., real estate, land, precious metals, gemstones, art, etc.) Buy shares of foreign enterprises (e.g., Coca Cola, UMEME, PEPSI, etc.) Buy shares of local enterprises Buy government bonds Other(specify)

SECTION VIII: LITERACY

LN1. Can you read this text for me, please? ASK THE RESPONDENT TO READ THE CONSENT FORM ABOUT TAKING PHOTOS AND CONFIRM THAT THEY UNDERSTAND IT. Reading Respondent read the informed consent form fluently and without any help from the interviewer 1 Respondent read the informed consent form well but had a little help from the interviewer 2 Respondent struggled to read the informed consent form and had a lot of help from the interviewer 3 Respondent was unable to read the consent form and requested the interviewer read it to them 4 Understanding The respondent fully understood the informed consent form without any help from the interviewer (confirm by asking) 1

Respondent understood the informed consent form well but asked for a little help from the interviewer 2 Respondent struggled to understand the informed consent form and asked for a lot of help from the interviewer 3

Respondent was unable to understand the informed consent form and interviewer explained it, in full, using simpler 4 language

LN2. ASK ALL. On a scale from 1 (cannot do at all) to 5 (excellent), please evaluate how you perform in the following areas: Excellent Good Somewhat bad Very bad Cannot do this at all Reading in English 5 4 3 2 1 Writing in English 5 4 3 2 1 Reading in Luganda 5 4 3 2 1 Writing in Luganda 5 4 3 2 1 Reading in Luo 5 4 3 2 1 Writing in Luo 5 4 3 2 1 Reading in Runyankole 5 4 3 2 1 Writing in Runyankole 5 4 3 2 1 Reading in Ateso 5 4 3 2 1 Writing in Ateso 5 4 3 2 1 Reading in Rutooro 5 4 3 2 1 Writing in Rutooro 5 4 3 2 1 Reading in Lugbara 5 4 3 2 1 Writing in Lugbara 5 4 3 2 1 Reading in Ngakarimojong 5 4 3 2 1 Writing inNgakarimojong 5 4 3 2 1 Reading in other language (Specify) 5 4 3 2 1 Writing in other language (Specify) 5 4 3 2 1

SECTION IX: GENDER

GN1. ASK IF DL1=1-5 OR DL4=1-22, 96. Who usually decides how the money you earn will be used? Yourself, your spouse, jointly, or someone else? SINGLE ANSWER Self 1

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Spouse 2 Joint decision 3 Other(specify) 96 DK 99

GN2. Who in your household decides what purchases are made to meet daily household needs like food, clothing, and cleaning supplies? Yourself, your spouse, jointly, or someone else? SINGLE ANSWER Self 1 Spouse 2 Joint decision 3 Other (specify) 96 DK 99

GN3. Who controls assets (i.e., savings, land, and livestock) in your household? Yourself, your spouse, jointly, or someone else? SINGLE ANSWER Self 1 Spouse 2 Joint decision 3 Other (specify) 96 DK 99

GN4. Who decides what kind of financial services your household uses? Yourself, your spouse, jointly, or someone else? SINGLE ANSWER Self 1 Spouse 2 Joint decision 3 Other (specify) 96 DK 99

GN5. Who decides what kind of financial services you can personally use? Yourself, your spouse, jointly, or someone else? SINGLE ANSWER Self 1 Spouse 2 Joint decision 3 Other (specify) 96 DK 99

GQ1. ASK IF DG2=2. Please tell me if the follow statement is true for you: Do you have money that you can decide how to spend or save as you want without input from anyone else? SINGLE ANSWER Yes 1 No 2

GQ2. ASK IF DG2=2 AND GQ1=1. Please tell me if the following statement is true for you: Are the ways you use your own money private and not shared with male family members such as your husband or father? SINGLE ANSWER Yes 1 No 2

GQ3. ASK DG2=2 AND GQ1=1. Do you strongly agree, somewhat agree or somewhat disagree or strongly disagree with the following statement: I am worried about male family members interfering with how I use my own money. SINGLE ANSWER Strongly agree 1 Somewhat agree 2 Somewhat disagree 3 Strongly disagree 4

GQ4. ASK IF DG2=2. Overall, how do you feel that decisions about how money is spent, saved and managed in your household are made?

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SINGLE ANSWER Very responsibly 1 Somewhat responsibly 2 Somewhat irresponsibly 3 Very irresponsibly 4

GQ5. ASK IF DG2=2 AND MM1=1. I am going to name several tasks related to a mobile money account. For each, please tell me if you feel that your financial activities are kept private between you and the mobile money agent at the time of the task.

GQ6. ASK IF DG2=2 AND MM1=1. I am going to name several tasks related to a mobile money account. For each, please tell me if you are the one who is making decisions related to that task, without being told what to do by someone else GQ5 GQ6 READ OUT. SINGLE ANSWER. READ OUT. SINGLE ANSWER. 1=Yes, are private 1=Yes, I am making the decisions 2=No, are not private 2=No, I am not making the decisions 99=Do not know 99=Do not know 4=Refused to answer 4=Refused to answer

Adding cash to your account with an agent Going to an agent to open an account Talking to an agent about your finances Withdrawing cash from your account with an agent

GQ7. ASK IF DG2=2 AND MM1=1. I am going to name several tasks related to a mobile money account. For each, please tell me if you feel that your financial activities are kept private at the time of the transaction.

GQ8. ASK IF DG2=2 AND MM1=1. I am going to name several tasks relating to a mobile money account. For each, please tell me if you are the one who is making decisions related to that transaction, without being told what to do by someone else GQ7 GQ8 READ OUT. SINGLE ANSWER. READ OUT. SINGLE ANSWER. 1=Yes, are private 1=Yes, I am making the decisions 2=No, are not private 2=No, I am not making the decisions 99=Do not know 99=Do not know 4=Refused to answer 4=Refused to answer

Using a phone to transfer money Using a phone to make a purchase Using a phone to pay a bill

GQ9. ASK IF DG2=2 AND MM1=1. How concerned are you about a mobile money provider keeping your financial information private? SINGLE ANSWER Yes, very concerned 1 Yes, somewhat concerned 2 No, not that concerned 3 No, not concerned at all 4

GQ10. ASK IF DG2=2 AND MM1=1. In your opinion, which is better for ensuring your spending decisions are kept private at the time of the transaction: cash or mobile money? SINGLE ANSWER. DO NOT READ. Cash is better 1 A mobile money service is better 2 Both are equal 3 Don’t know 99

GQ11. ASK IF DG2=2 AND MM1=1. In your opinion, which of these guarantee that only you decide how your money is spent: cash or mobile money? SINGLE ANSWER. DO NOT READ. Cash is better 1 A mobile money service is better 2

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Both are equal 3 Don’t know 99

GQ12. ASK IF DG2=2 AND MM1=1. In your opinion, which of these guarantee that no one else can access your money: cash or mobile money? SINGLE ANSWER. DO NOT READ. Cash is better 1 A mobile money service is better 2 Both are equal 3 Don’t know 99

GQ13. ASK IF DG2=2 AND FF1=1 OR FF4=1. I am going to name several tasks related to a bank account. For each, please tell me if you feel that your financial activities are kept private at the time of the transaction.

GQ14. ASK IF DG2=2 AND FF1=1 OR FF4=1. I am going to name several tasks relating to a bank account. For each, please tell me if you are the one who is making decisions related to that transaction, without being told what to do by someone else. GQ13 GQ14 READ OUT. SINGLE ANSWER. READ OUT. SINGLE ANSWER. 1=Yes, are private 1=Yes, I am making the decisions 2=No, are not private 2=No, I am not making the decisions 99=Do not know 99=Do not know 4=Refused to answer 4=Refused to answer Adding cash to your account with an ATM Going to a bank branch/bank agent to open an account Talking to a bank branch/bank agent about your finances Withdrawing cash from your account with an ATM

GQ15. ASK IF DG2=2 AND FF1=1 OR FF4=1. I am going to name several tasks related to a bank account. For each, please tell me if you feel that your financial activities are kept private at the time of the transaction.

GQ16. ASK IF DG2=2 AND FF1=1 OR FF4=1. I am going to name several tasks relating to a bank account. For each, please tell me if you are the one who is making decisions related to that transaction, without being told what to do by someone else. GQ15 GQ16 READ OUT. SINGLE ANSWER. READ OUT. SINGLE ANSWER. 1=Yes, are private 1=Yes, I am making the decisions 2=No, are not private 2=No, I am not making the decisions 99=Do not know 99=Do not know 4=Refused to answer 4=Refused to answer Using a phone to transfer money Using a phone to make a purchase Using a phone to pay a bill

GQ17. ASK IF DG2=2 AND FF1=1 OR FF4=1. How concerned are you about a bank keeping your financial information private? SINGLE ANSWER Yes, very concerned 1 Yes, somewhat concerned 2 No, not that concerned 3 No, not concerned at all 4

GQ18. ASK IF DG2=2 AND FF1=1 OR FF4=1. In your opinion, which is better for ensuring your spending decisions are kept private at the time of the transaction: cash or bank accounts? SINGLE ANSWER. DO NOT READ. Cash is better 1 A bank account is better 2 Both are equal 3 Don’t know 99

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GQ19. ASK IF DG2=2 AND FF1=1 OR FF4=1. In your opinion, which of these guarantee that only you decide how your money is spent: cash or bank accounts? SINGLE ANSWER. DO NOT READ. Cash is better 1 A bank account is better 2 Both are equal 3 Don’t know 99

GQ20. ASK IF DG2=2 AND FF1=1 OR FF4=1. In your opinion, which of these guarantee that no one else can access your money: cash or bank accounts? SINGLE ANSWER. DO NOT READ. Cash is better 1 A bank account is better 2 Both are equal 3 Don’t know 99

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SECTION IX: CLOSING

INTERVIEWER: ADMINISTER THE INFORMED CONSENT FORM BELOW TO ALL RESPONDENTS WHO OWN A MOBILE PHONE (MT1=1) ELSE SKIP TO LN1 AND ASK THE RESPONDENT TO SIGN THE PHOTOGRAPHY CONSENT FORM IF THEY HAVE NOT ALREADY DONE SO.

Informed Consent Form to Participate in a Separate Follow-up Study

InterMedia Africa and IPSOS would like to invite you to participate in a follow-up study which explores the use of digital financial services (DFS) in Uganda to introduce service improvements. For this study, we will track and analyze mobile money account transactions and voice and airtime use associated with your personal SIM card.

InterMedia and IPSOS will not disclose any personal information gathered through this study without first asking for your permission. Everything we learn from you will be treated with the strictest confidence. To protect your privacy, we will remove all personal identifying information, as well as information for senders and recipients of mobile money, or recipients of voice calls and text messages from the survey. In case of any breach of confidentiality, you will be informed immediately.

Your participation in this follow-up study is entirely voluntary and you can stop participating at any point even if you agree to the study and then change your mind. But your participation will directly contribute to the work on enhancing financial services (for example, services offered by banks or mobile money providers) so that households like yours can take advantage of the improvements.

Before you decide to accept this invitation to take part in this study, you may ask the interviewer any questions about the study. If you are not satisfied with the answers, feel free to contact the Project Manager in Uganda: Emmanuel Odongo-0773 132 982

Before you sign this form, please ask any questions on any aspect of this study that Thank & Close is unclear to you. You may take as much time as necessary to think it over.

Granted Consent Complete Signature Section Below

Name of Subject (please print) Signature Date

Name of Person Obtaining Consent Signature Date

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Photography Consent Form and Literacy Assessment Text

PHOTOGRAPHY CONSENT FORM – Please read carefully We would like to take some photographs of you and your household. We will include some of the photographs in our reports. We might also publish some of them online on our website.

If you agree to being photographed and to your photograph being published, please sign below

Refused Consent 1 Thank & Close Granted Consent 2 Complete Signature Section Below

I, ______consent to being photographed for the Financial Inclusion Insights study. I further authorize that the photographs may be published for any purpose and in any form.

Name of Subject (please print) Signature Date

Name of Person Obtaining Consent Signature Date (Interviewer)

Respondent Information

1 Respondent Name (Please also record nickname or common name) 2 Household physical location description (Please draw descriptive map on the back of this questionnaire) 3 Email 4 Would you consent to taking part in a follow-up study with us? 1=Yes 2=No

Respondent contacts 1. Can you give me all the mobile phone numbers you use regularly to make or to receive calls and text messages? 2. Think about all the calls and messages that are made from this phone number. How many of those calls and messages are made by you and how many by others? 3. Think about all the calls and messages that come to this phone number. How many of those calls and messages are for you and how many are for others?

1. List all phone numbers 2. Ask for each phone number 3.Ask for each phone number SINGLE ANSWER SINGLE ANSWER 1=I make all, or almost all, the calls and messages 1=All, or almost all, the calls and messages to from this phone number this phone number are for me 2=I make more than half of the calls and messages 2=More than half of the calls and messages from this phone number to this phone number are for me 3=I make less than half of the calls and messages 3=Less than half of the calls and messages to from this phone number this phone number are for me 4=Other people make almost all the calls or 4=Calls and messages to this phone number messages from this phone number are almost always for other people

4. ASK ONLY IF OTHER PEOPLE USE THE PHONE NUMBER (OPTIONS 2-4 IN QUESTIONS 2 AND 3). Who beside yourself, makes or receives calls or messages on this phone number.

READ OUT. MARK ALL THAT APPLY 1=Yes 2=No

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Family member(s) in my household Family member(s)/ in a different household Other relative(s) (Specify) Workmate(s) or a business partner(s) Neighbor(s), not a relative Mobile operator’s agent/employee Friend(s) People who pay me to make or receive calls and messages Other(specify) None (SINGLE ANSWER)

Quality Control Checks QUESTIONNAIRE ID: 1 Accompanied by Supervisor Name: Date: 2 Reviewed by Supervisor after fieldwork Name: Date: 3 Back Checked by Supervisor (Physical Visit) Name: Date: 4 Back Checked by Supervisor (Phone Call) Name: Date:

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