2016 Technical Report: Uganda Wave 4
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UGANDA FINANCIAL INCLUSION INSIGHTS SURVEY Technical Report WAVE FOUR 2016 Deember 2016 Contents 1. Background Information ...................................................................................................................... 3 2. Sample Design ......................................................................................................................................... 3 a. Sampling frame ...................................................................................................................................... 3 b. Sample allocation and selection ........................................................................................................... 4 c. Sampling weights ................................................................................................................................... 6 3. Questionnaire ........................................................................................................................................... 6 4. Recruitment and Field Staff Training ............................................................................................... 7 5. Fieldwork .................................................................................................................................................. 7 6. Substitution .............................................................................................................................................. 8 7. Data Quality Control Measures .......................................................................................................... 8 a. Pre-field quality control ........................................................................................................................ 8 b. In-field quality control .......................................................................................................................... 9 8. Data Processing ...................................................................................................................................... 9 9. Annex: Random Walks ......................................................................................................................... 9 10. Survey Questionnaire .......................................................................................................................... 11 2 1. Background Information InterMedia conducted a nationally representative survey in Uganda to explore the uptake and usage of digital financial services (DFS) among the adult population (aged 15 and over). This Financial Inclusion Insights (FII) survey is the fourth in a series of surveys InterMedia uses to track the role DFS play in money transfers, payments, and savings among various consumer segments. The survey will provide actionable insights for a range of stakeholders involved in the DFS sector. The survey specifically aims to: Measure adoption and use of DFS among specific target groups (e.g., poor, rural and unbanked); Evaluate service performance among DFS agents and customers; Produce consumer insight to support product and service development and delivery; Identify drivers and barriers to further adoption of DFS, and; Collect data enabling forward projections and insight that will generate market growth. 2. Sample Design a. Sampling frame The target sample size for the 2016 Uganda FII survey is 3,000 adults aged 15 and over residing in households. In collaboration with the Uganda Bureau of Statistics (UBOS), the sample was designed to produce reliable estimates for the main indicators for the country as a whole, and for urban and rural areas separately. The sampling frame was the list of all 80,182 Enumeration Areas (EA) created for the 2014 Uganda Population and Housing Census (PHC 2014) conducted by the Uganda Bureau of Statistics (UBOS). An EA corresponds to a village in rural areas and to a city block in urban areas. The average EA size is 114 households in urban areas and 83 households in rural areas, with an overall average size of 80 households per EA. Uganda is divided into 112 administrative districts, each district is sub-divided into sub-districts, and each sub-district into parishes, and each parish into villages. The sampling frame contains the administrative belongings for each EA, the urban-rural classification and the number of households. To increase the efficiency of the sample design, 10 geographic regions were defined as groups of districts as follows: Central 1: Kalangala, Masaka, Mpigi, Rakai, Lyantonde, Sembabule, and Wakiso Central 2: Kayunga, Kiboga, Luwero, Nakaseke, Mubende, Mityana, Mukono, and Nakasongola Kampala: Kampala East Central: Bugiri, Busia, Iganga, Namutumba, Jinja, Kamuli, Kaliro, and Mayuge 3 Eastern: Kaberamaido, Kapchorwa, Bukwa, Katakwi, Amuria, Kumi, Bukedea, Mbale,Bududa, Manafwa, Pallisa, Budaka, Sironko, Soroti, Tororo, and Butaleja North: Apac, Oyam, Gulu, Amuru, Kitgum, Lira, Amolatar, Dokolo, Karamoja: Kotido, Abim, Kaabong, Moroto, and Nakapiripirit and Pader districts West Nile: Adjumani, Arua, Koboko, Maracha, Nebbi, and Yumbe Western: Bundibugyo, Hoima, Kabarole, Kamwenge, Kasese, Kibaale, Kyenjojo, Masindi,and Buliisa Southwest: Bushenyi, Kabale, Kanungu, Kisoro, Mbarara, Ibanda, Isingiro, Kiruhura, Ntungamo, and Rukungiri The distribution of the residential households by region and type of residence is shown in Table 1. Table 1. Distribution of residential households by region and type of residence Residence Geo-region Rural Urban Grand Total Central 1 635,746 398,207 635,746 Central 2 648,939 189,694 648,939 Eastern 837,085 197,430 837,085 Eastern central 599,071 109,084 708,155 Kampala 409,314 409,314 North 599,207 103,096 702,303 Karamoja 144,714 15,447 160,161 South western 771,039 174,063 945,102 West Nile 408,381 53,200 461,581 western 783,871 158,543 942,414 Grand Total 5,428,053 1,808,078 7,236,131 *Source: 2014 population census frame, Uganda b. Sample allocation and selection The sample for the 2016 Uganda FII survey was a stratified multistage sample with a stratum corresponding to a geographic region. The sample was selected independently in each stratum. In the first stage, EAs were selected as primary sampling units with probability proportional to size, the size being the number of households in the EA. Before the selection of EAs, the sampling frame was sorted within each stratum by the type of residence, then by district, sub-district, parish, village and EA code. 4 In the second stage, 10 households were selected in each sampled EA using random walks with a fixed sampling interval (see annex). In each EA, the household selection interval was the ratio of the total number of households in the EA in 2014 to the sample take (10 households). In the third stage, one adult household member was randomly selected in each sampled household using the Kish grid and was administered the survey questionnaire. Table 2. Sample allocation Geo-region Urban Rural Total Kampala 190 0 190 Central1 140 230 370 Central2 90 230 320 East Central 60 240 300 Eastern 80 350 430 Karamoja 20 80 100 North 40 270 310 West Nile 30 210 240 Western 70 310 380 South west 90 270 360 Total 810 2190 3,000 Table 3. Allocation of the number of selected EAs Geo-region Urban Rural Total Kampala 19 0 19 Central1 14 23 37 Central2 9 23 32 East Central 6 24 30 Eastern 8 35 43 Karamoja 2 8 10 North 4 27 31 West Nile 3 21 24 Western 7 31 38 South west 9 27 36 Total 81 219 300 5 c. Sampling weights The sample for the 2016 FII Uganda survey is not self-weighting; therefore, sampling weights were calculated. Weights were based on population data by age, urban-rural residence, and gender. The weights were normalized at the national level so the weighted number of cases equals the total sample size. The normalized sampling weights were attached to the data file and used during analysis. 3. Questionnaire The survey questionnaire was developed in consultation with the Financial Services for the Poor program at the Bill & Melinda Gates Foundation. It draws on the questionnaire used in previous FII surveys. The modules and topics in each module are shown in Table 4. Table 4. Questionnaire content by module Mobile Financial Nonbank techno institutions/ Mobile financial Financial Financial Demographics logy banks money institution literacy behaviors Literacy Gender General Budget Borrowing/ characteristics Access Access Awareness Awareness planning credit Owner- Livelihood ship Ownership Access Access Numeracy Savings SIM Digital Migration cards inclusion Ownership Ownership Insurance Mobile Poverty phone Bank Use and Distance measures use account use nonuse and reach Investment Over the Savings and count loan group Experience with agent Other products The questionnaire was translated into the following local languages: Luo, Luganda, Runyoro/Rutooro, Runyankole/Rukiga, Lugbara, Karamajong, Ateso, Kupsabiny, Lugwere, Rukonjo. Kupsabiny was dropped because the districts where the language is spoken (Kapchorwa and Bukwo) were not part of the final sample. The questionnaire was then pretested in the field by a team consisting of 10 interviewers, three supervisors and nine data quality controllers following a two-day detailed study of the questionnaire. A total of 50 interviews were conducted during the pretest on 14 July 2016 in four EAs located in the districts of Wakiso and Mukono. After the questionnaire was pretested, debriefing sessions were held with the pretest field staff, and the questionnaire was modified based on the observations from the 6 pretest.