Eastern Australia Temperate and Subtropical Forests

Conservation Management Zones of Australia

Prepared by the Department of the Environment Acknowledgements This project and its associated products are the result of collaboration between the Department of the Environment’s Biodiversity Conservation Division and the Environmental Resources Information Network (ERIN). Invaluable input, advice and support were provided by staff and leading researchers from across the Department of Environment (DotE), Department of Agriculture (DoA), the Commonwealth Scientific and Industrial Research Organisation (CSIRO) and the academic community. We would particularly like to thank staff within the Wildlife, Heritage and Marine Division, Parks Australia and the Environment Assessment and Compliance Division of DotE; Nyree Stenekes and Robert Kancans (DoA), Sue McIntyre (CSIRO), Richard Hobbs (University of Western Australia), Michael Hutchinson (ANU); David Lindenmayer and Emma Burns (ANU); and Gilly Llewellyn, Martin Taylor and other staff from the World Wildlife Fund for their generosity and advice.

Special thanks to CSIRO researchers Kristen Williams and Simon Ferrier whose modelling of biodiversity patterns underpinned identification of the Conservation Management Zones of Australia.

Image Credits Front Cover: Wilson River, Willi Willi National Park – Copyright Shane Ruming Page 4: George Boyd Lookout, Morton National Park – J Yurasek/OEH Page 10: Bouddi National Park – J Yurasek/OEH Page 15: Eastern Bristle Bird (Dasyornis brachypterus), Booderee National Park – Copyright Craig Pattison/OEH Page 17: Fleay’s Frog (Mixophyes fleayi) – Froggydarb Page 19: Koala (Phascolarctos cinereus) – Tourism Australia Page 22: Tiger Quoll, Spotted-tail Quoll (Dasyurus maculatus macultatus), Featherdale – Joshua Cunningham Page 24: Urumbilum River, Bindarri National Park – Copyright Shane Ruming Page 25: Brush-tailed Rock-wallaby (Petrogale penicillata) – Piers Thomas/OEH Page 31: Dorrigo National Park – R Cleary Seen Australia/OEH Page 33: Sydney Harbour National Park – D Finnegan/OEH Page 44: Diamond Python (Morelia spilota) – D Finnegan/OEH Page 45: Eucalyptus woodlands with tussock grass (alluvial woodland), Western Sydney – Mike Cufer/OEH Page 46: Eucalyptus open forests with a grassy understorey (grey gum-ironbark) – John Baker Page 47: Eucalypt open forests with a shrubby understorey (Robertson basalt forest) – H Achurch/OEH Page 48: Eucalyptus open forest (wet sclerophyll) – Michael Jarman/OEH Page 49: Tropical or sub-tropical rainforest, Ulidarra National Park – R Cleary Seen Australia/OEH Page 50: Eucalyptus woodlands with a shrubby understorey, Munmorah State Conservation Area – Murray Fagg Back Cover: Wilson River, Willi Willi National Park – Copyright Shane Ruming

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Conservation Management Zones of Australia, Eastern Australia Temperate and Subtropical Forests Contents

Acknowledgement of Traditional Owners and Country ��2 Introduction ��2 Zone at a glance ��3 Population characteristics ��6 Employment, volunteering and incomes ��9 Agriculture, Natural Resource Management practices and sources of NRM advice ��11 Land tenure, land use, Native Title and Local Government Areas �� 13 Zone vegetation characteristics �� 16 Ramsar and Nationally Important Wetlands �� 18 World and National Heritage �� 20 Major National Reserve System properties �� 21 EPBC Act (1999) threatened ecological communities ��23 EPBC Act (1999) threatened species ��25 EPBC Act (1999) migratory species �� 32 Threatened endemic species ��34 Invasive species ��40 Vegetation profiles and management recommendations ��44

Conservation Management Zones of Australia, Eastern Australia Temperate and Subtropical Forests Acknowledgement of Traditional Owners and Country The Australian Government acknowledges Australia’s Traditional Owners and pays respect to Elders past and present of our nation’s Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander communities. We honour the deep spiritual, cultural and customary connections of Traditional Owners to the Australian landscape, including Australia’s waterways, land and sea country.

Introduction The 23 Conservation Management Zones of Australia are geographic areas, classified according to their ecological and threat characteristics. The zones are also aligned with the Interim Biogeographic Regionalisation of Australia.

The Conservation Management Zones provide a way of understanding Australia’s natural environment that will assist in long-term conservation planning and help the Australian Government to better design, deliver and report on Natural Resource Management (NRM) investments, including ensuring alignment of national NRM priorities with local action.

The Conservation Management Zones also provide a filter through which to make national environmental and socio-economic data more accessible and comprehensible, and a framework for gathering on-ground knowledge and expertise about the environment. This will improve information flow to the Australian Government about regional NRM requirements, best practice management, emerging NRM issues and knowledge gaps.

The Conservation Management Zones do not represent any change to existing administrative boundaries or governance structures, but aim to support the NRM and wider community to cooperatively manage environmental assets across boundaries, where they share common threats, ecological characteristics and stakeholders.

Each Conservation Management Zone profile contains a standard suite of nationally available ecological and socio-economic information. We hope that this information will enable Australians of all ages and backgrounds to engage with, understand and appreciate Australian landscapes, and support all Australians to manage our natural resources more effectively.

The profile information provides an indicative, high-level stock-take of the environmental and socio-economic landscape and it is not intended to be comprehensive. It should also be noted that, at present, the profiles contain only limited information on aquatic ecosystems, coastal assets and Indigenous land management practices. In future, consultation and comprehensive literature reviews will enable us to provide more complete information.

2 / Conservation Management Zones of Australia, Eastern Australia Temperate and Subtropical Forests Zone at a glance

Area of zone: Population density: 15,959,455 hectares

% of Australia: 34.82 people 2.07% per square kilometre

Zone population characteristics Zone employment characteristics 6,000,000 5,273,893 4.6% 5,000,000

4,000,000

3,000,000 Number of people 2,000,000

1,000,000

0 Total er 65 Ov a second language English as 95.4% Indigenous outh (15–24) Y

Employed Unemployed

Source: Based on Australian Bureau of Statistics data

3 / Conservation Management Zones of Australia, Eastern Australia Temperate and Subtropical Forests Major cities and towns Population Top five agricultural commodities Value (millions)

Brisbane 2,189,878 Beef $738 Central Coast 297,735 Gold Coast – Tweed Vegetables for consumption $524 590,889 Heads (NSW & QLD) Poultry $419 Newcastle-Maitland 418,958 Dairy $353 Sydney 4,667,283 Nurseries and cut flowers $322 Wollongong 282,099 Total value of agricultural commodities (including other $3,049 commodities not listed here) Regional centres Population Armidale 19,380 Ballina 15,957 Climate characteristics* Bowral-Mittagong 36,402 Mean annual temperature 16 Celsius Cessnock 20,012 Mean Maximum of the Hottest Month 27.7 Celsius Coffs Harbour 45,603 Mean Minimum of the Coldest Month 3.1 Celsius Forster-Tuncurry 18,911 Mean Annual Rainfall 1017.1 mm Grafton 16,585 Lismore 27,481 Dominant rainfall season Summer Morisset-Cooranbong 16,921 * The figures are interpolated 75-year means (1921 to 1995) representing the period prior to the onset of rapid climatic warming. Nowra – Bomaderry 27,995 Cited in: Williams KJ, Belbin L, Austin MP, Stein J, Ferrier S (2012) Port Macquarie 41,519 Which environmental variables should I use in my biodiversity model? International Journal of Geographic Information Sciences 26(11), Raymond Terrace 13,216 2009–2047. (Data derived from Australian Climate surfaces version 2.1 Singleton 13,978 for the ANUCLIM-BIOCLIM package). For future climate projections please refer to: http://www.climatechangeinaustralia.gov.au/

Natural Resource Management (NRM) regions South East Local land Services NSW Greater Sydney Local Land Services NSW Central Tablelands Local Land Services NSW Hunter Local Land Services NSW Northern Tablelands Local Land Services NSW North Coast Local Land Services NSW South East Queensland Catchment QLD Queensland Murray Darling Committee Inc QLD Burnett Mary Regional Group for NRM QLD

Source: Based on Australian Bureau of Statistics data

4 / Conservation Management Zones of Australia, Eastern Australia Temperate and Subtropical Forests Native Title area National Reserve System area

19% 1.2%

81% 98.8%

Native Title area Other area NRS area Other area

Native vegetation clearance level Number of threatened species by class

5 11 12 15 21 1

33 45%

55%

320

Cleared (ha) Uncleared (ha) Plants Birds Reptiles Mammals Frogs Fish Sharks Other

Status of EPBC Act listed threatened species, communities and migratory species

Vulnerable species 240

Endangered species 155

Critically endangered species 23

Conservation dependent 2

Migratory species 82

Threatened ecological communities 22

04080 120 160 200

Source: Based on data from the National Native Title Register; Collaborative Australian Protected Area Database (CAPAD); National Vegetation Information System (NVIS); Species’ Profile and Threats Database (SPRAT).

5 / Conservation Management Zones of Australia, Eastern Australia Temperate and Subtropical Forests Population characteristics

Population

Population by age group Indigenous population by age group

3% 15% 19% 21%

38%

13%

32% 18%

21% 20%

0–14 years 15–24 years 25–39 years 0–14 years 15–24 years 25–39 years 40–64 years 65 years and over 40–64 years 65 years and over

Farmer and farm managers by age group Gender of farmers and farm managers

2% 12%

28% 6,028

13,654

58%

15–24 years 25–39 years Male Female 40–64 years 65 years and over

Source: Based on Australian Bureau of Statistics data

6 / Conservation Management Zones of Australia, Eastern Australia Temperate and Subtropical Forests Languages spoken at home English 81.73% Other languages 13.14% Not stated 5.00%

Non-English languages spoken at home* Indigenous languages spoken at home**

7.01% 14.4% 0.31% 2.9% 0.16% 0.004% 25.45% 0.01% 3.19% 22.08% 1.38% 1.9%

11.37% 11.94% 80.8% 7.69% 9.42%

Northern European Arnhem Land, Daly River and Yolngu Matha Languages (including Scandinavia, Celtic, Germanic, Dutch) Southern European Torres Strait Island and Cape York Languages Eastern European Western Desert, Northern Desert Fringe and Kimberley Languages Central Asian, Turkic, Iranic and Semitic Other (non-speci ed) Australian Indigenous Languages Southern Asian, Dravidan and Indo-Ayran South-East Asian ** Please note, these gures are based on the proportion of the population who indicated in the 2011 ABS Census East Asian that they spoke an Indigenous language at home. Australian Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander American (Indigenous) African Paci c / Oceanic Invented language Sign language * Please note, these gures are based on the proportion of the population who indicated in the 2011 ABS Census that they spoke a language other than English at home.

Source: Based on Australian Bureau of Statistics data

7 / Conservation Management Zones of Australia, Eastern Australia Temperate and Subtropical Forests Education

Highest level of educational attainment Highest level of educational attainment – total population – Indigenous community 50% 45%

40%

40% 35%

30% 30% 25%

20% 20% 15%

10% 10% 5%

0% 0% l l ve ve Le Le /Not stated /Not stated i cate ti cate rt Cer Ce Diploma and Diploma and School Years 11 and 12 Years School School Years 11 and 12 Years School Inadequately described Inadequately described School Years 10 or below Years School School Years 10 or below Years School No Educational Attainment No Educational Attainment Bachelor Degree/Advanced Bachelor Degree/Advanced Diploma & Graduate Certi cate Diploma & Graduate Certi cate Postgraduate Degree/Graduate Postgraduate Postgraduate Degree/Graduate Postgraduate 15–24 years 25–39 years 15–24 years 25–39 years 40–64 years 65 years and over 40–64 years 65 years and over

Highest level of educational attainment Post-school qualication types* – farmers and farm managers 300,000 60% 250,000 50% 200,000 40% 150,000 30% 100,000 20% 50,000 10% 0 0% l ve 65 years Le and above /Not stated i cate 40–64 years old 25–39 years old 15–24 years old rt Ce Natural and Physical Sciences Diploma and

School Years 11 and 12 Years School Agriculture, Environmental and Related Studies Inadequately described School Years 10 or below Years School

No Educational Attainment Health and education Bachelor Degree/Advanced Diploma & Graduate Certi cate

Postgraduate Degree/Graduate Postgraduate Architecture, building, society and culture and creative arts 15–24 years 25–39 years Information Technology, Management 40–64 years 65 years and over and Commerce and service industries

* Please note, this table omits quali cations of mixed eld, quali cations that are not adequately described, and information relating to census respondents who have not stated their quali cation or are not applicable (i.e. Not of age to have post-school quali cation). Source: Based on Australian Bureau of Statistics data

8 / Conservation Management Zones of Australia, Eastern Australia Temperate and Subtropical Forests Employment, volunteering and incomes

Employment

Employment status of general population* Employment by industry

100%

9% 8% 80% 1% 1% 2% 60% 14%

24% 40%

20%

21% 0%

14% 65 years

and above 6% 15–24 years old 25–39 years old 40–64 years old

Employed Agriculture, forestry and sheries Unemployed Mining Not in labour force or not stated Manufacturing Utilities, construction and transport Employment* Please note the %status gures are of relative general to each population* of the age groupings of the population. The categories above are Employmentaggregates of the following status Au ofstra Indigenouslian Bureau of Sta tipopulation*stics categories: Employed = Employed full-time;Health, Employed Social par Assistance,t-time; Education and training and Employed away from work. Unemployed = Unemployed looking for full-time work; and Unemployed looking for part-time 100%100% Public administration and safety work. Not in the Labour Force or Not Stated = Not in the Labour Force; and Not Stated. Please note the ‘not applicable’ category has been omitted from the analysis. Not applicable applies to the proportion of the populationWholesale that is not and of retail trade 80% working age (e.g. 0–15 year olds and retired). ABS 2011 Census Labour Force data has been utilised for Serthisvices report, 80%as the national quarterly employment gures are derived from a relatively small sample of the population. Food, accommodation, arts and recreation Unknown/not stated 60%60%

40%40%

20%20%

0% 0% 65 years 65 years and above and above Indigenous Indigenous Indigenous Indigenous 15–24 years old 25–39 years old 40–64 years old 15–24 years old 25–39 years old 40–64 years old

EmployeEmployed d UnemployeUnemployed d Not inNot labour in labour force fo orrce not or statednot stated * Please note the % gures are relative to each of the age groupings of the population. The categories above are aggregates of the following Australian Bureau of Statistics categories: Employed = Employed full-time; Employed part-time; and Employed away from work. Unemployed = Unemployed looking for full-time work; and Unemployed looking for part-time work. Not in the Labour Force or Not Stated = Not in the Labour Force; and Not Stated. Please note the ‘not applicable’ category has been omitted from the analysis. Not applicable applies to the proportion of the population that is not of working age (e.g. 0–15 year olds and retired). ABS 2011 Census Labour Force data has been utilised for this report, as the national quarterly employment gures are derived from a relatively small sample of the population.

Source: Based on Australian Bureau of Statistics data

9 / Conservation Management Zones of Australia, Eastern Australia Temperate and Subtropical Forests Volunteering Income

Volunteering rates Total household income (% of households)*

80%

70% 11.4% 20.7% 60% 4.2% 50%

40% 13.5% 30%

20%

10%

65 years 50.3% and above 40–64 years old 25–39 years old 15–24 years old

Not a volunteer Under $20,800 $20,800–64,999 $65,000–$103,999 Volunteer Over $104,000 Not Stated/Partially Stated Not stated or not applicable * Please note these gures have been derived from the ABS Equivalised Total Household Income (HIED)Census 2011 data. ABS data categories have been aggregated for the purposes of this report. For more information see: http://www.abs.gov.au/websitedbs/censushome. nsf/home/statementsdwellinghied?opendocument&navpos=430 In the 2011–12 nancial year, persons who earned $67,500 or less were eligible for Low Income Tax Oset. Human Services applied the following de nitions of “low income” as eligibility criteria for the Low Income Supplement in the 2012–13 nancial year: Income below $30,000 for singles, $45,000 combined for couples, or $60,000 combined for couples or singles with a dependent child.

Source: Based on Australian Bureau of Statistics data

10 / Conservation Management Zones of Australia, Eastern Australia Temperate and Subtropical Forests Agriculture, Natural Resource Management practices and sources of NRM advice Australian farmers manage over 60% of the Australian continent and shoulder much of the burden of responsibility for maintaining and protecting Australia’s natural resource wealth. The information contained in this profile aims to assist the wider community, non-governmental organisations and government agencies to support Australia’s key environmental custodians.

Number of people employed in agriculture, shing, forestry and downstream industries

Agriculture industry employment (production) 28,590

Agriculture industry employment (downstream – including services, 53,045 food and beverage)

Fishing industry employment, including production and downstream seafood processing 1,883 and wholesaling Forestry industry (including production, logging, sawmilling 13,668 and downstream wood and paper product manufacturing)

Agricultural commodity values

Value of agricultural commodities^ $800

$700

$600

$500

$400 Millions

$300

$200

$100

$0 rk ol Hay Po Fruit Beef Nuts Eggs Wo Dairy Lamb r grain Oilseeds gume fo Cereals for grain Le Vegetables for seed for Vegetables Other broadacre crops Other broadacre Nurseries and cut owers Vegetables for consumption for Vegetables

^ Data obtained from the Australian Bureau of Statistics Value of Agricultural Commodities Produced. The value estimates in this publication are derived by the multiplication of price and quantity estimates of agricultural commodities. Price information is estimated based on the average unit value of a given commodity realised in the market place. For more information please refer to: http://www.abs.gov.au/AUSSTATS/[email protected]/Lookup/7503.0Explanatory%20Notes12010-11?OpenDocument

Source: Based on Australian Bureau of Statistics data

11 / Conservation Management Zones of Australia, Eastern Australia Temperate and Subtropical Forests Natural Resource Management practices and sources of NRM advice

Feral animal control* Native vegetation protection and regeneration* (% of agricultural holdings) (% of agricultural holdings) 100% 9%

90% 8% 80% 7% 70% 6% 60% 5% 50% 4% 40% 3% 30% 2% 20% 10% 1% 0% 0% Other Feral goats Feral of feral animals of feral No management ther (unspeci ed) Managing weeds feral animal control feral O Stopping mechanical or chemical destruction ncing o /excluding stock ncing o /excluding Reducing grazing pressure Fe

* Data obtained from the Australian Bureau of Statistics (ABS) 2012 Land Management Practices Survey (LaMPS) 2012. LaMPS collected land practices information from approximately 50,000 farm businesses across Australia. The data has been aligned to Conservation Management Zones from ABS Statistical Area 2 units and Australian Agricultural Environment units. The % figures presented here are indicative only. For more information on LaMPS please refer to: http://www.abs.gov.au/ausstats/[email protected]/mf/4630.0

Sought advice when adopting Sources of advice**^ native vegetation management**

16.17% s s s s s s s No No No No No No No Ye Ye Ye Ye Ye Ye Ye r oup oup

83.83% gion nment ver tion gr rmer gr Go Research and Research Fa tension o ce ex CMA/NRM re CMA/NRM produc ivate consultant or agribusiness agent Landcare or farmer Landcare employed facilitator Peers or neighbours Peers Pr

Yes No elopment Corporation Dev

** The sample for the Drivers of Practice Change 2012 survey consisted of a random subsample of 1228 broadacre farm managers from the Australian Agricultural and Grazing Industries Survey (AAGIS) frame. The data has been aligned to Conservation Management Zones from ABS Statistical Area 2 units. For this reason, the figures presented here are indicative only. ^ This chart indicates the sources of advice utilised for native vegetation management from respondents who identified they sought advice. For more information please refer to http://www.daff.gov.au/SiteCollectionDocuments/forestry/domestic-forestry/prep-for-future/drivers-practice-change.pdf

12 / Conservation Management Zones of Australia, Eastern Australia Temperate and Subtropical Forests Land tenure, land use, Native Title and Local Government Areas

Land tenure Land use

6% 0.67% 1% 0.002% 8% 0.5% 34% 0.7% 40.40% 1% 2% 2%

16%

0.13% 58.80%

30%

Crown Land – Private – Leased Conservation and Natural Environments Crown Land – Public Grazing Modi ed Pastures Crown Land – Public – Leased Grazing Native Vegetation Freehold (not specied if public or private) Production Forestry (native vegetation) Industry, Residential, Services and Mining Cropping and Horticulture Water (natural) Source: Land tenure data based on Environmental Resources Information Network (ERIN) Production from Irrigated Agriculture and Plantations categorisation of Public Sector Mapping Authority (PSMA) State Tenure 2012; Land use Plantation Forestry mapping based on Australian Collaborative Land Use and Management Program (ACLUMP) 2012. For more information on Australian land use and management information and Intensive Horticulture and Husbandry classification please refer to: http://www.daff.gov.au/ABARES/aclump/Pages/Default.aspx Water (Intensive use /farm dams) Other

Indigenous Land Councils New South Wales Aboriginal Land Council: www.alc.org.au Sydney Metropolitan Aboriginal Land Council: www.metrolalc.org.au

Native Title and Traditional Owners Registered Native Title Body Corporate Traditional Owners Hectares % of zone Githabul Nation Aboriginal The Githabul People 111,853 0.73 Corporation RNTBC Jinibara People Aboriginal Jinibara People 65,299 0.42 Corporation RNTBC Dunghutti Elders Council Dunghutti People 12 0.0001 (Aboriginal Corporation) RNTBC Source: The Native Title Tribunal Register, October 2013. For more information please refer to: http://www.nntt.gov.au/Pages/Searchportal.aspx

13 / Conservation Management Zones of Australia, Eastern Australia Temperate and Subtropical Forests Local Government Areas Local Government Areas Armidale Dumaresq Council NSW Mosman Municipal Council NSW Auburn City Council NSW Muswellbrook Shire Council NSW Ballina Shire Council NSW Nambucca Shire Council NSW Bankstown City Council NSW Newcastle City Council NSW Bellingen Shire Council NSW North Sydney Council NSW Blue Mountains City Council NSW Palerang Council NSW Byron Shire Council NSW Parramatta City Council NSW Campbelltown City Council NSW Penrith City Council NSW Canterbury City Council NSW Pittwater Council NSW Cessnock City Council NSW Port Macquarie-Hastings Council NSW City Of Canada Bay Council NSW Port Stephens Council NSW Clarence Valley Council NSW Randwick City Council NSW Coffs Harbour City Council NSW Richmond Valley Council NSW Council Of The City Of Sydney NSW Rockdale City Council NSW Dungog Shire Council NSW Ryde City Council NSW Eurobodalla Shire Council NSW Shellharbour City Council NSW Glen Innes Severn Shire Council NSW Shoalhaven City Council NSW Gloucester Shire Council NSW Singleton Shire Council NSW Gosford City Council NSW Sutherland Shire Council NSW Great Lakes Council NSW Tamworth Regional Council NSW Greater Taree City Council NSW Tenterfield Shire Council NSW Guyra Shire Council NSW The Council Of The City Of Botany Bay NSW The Council Of Gwydir Shire Council NSW NSW The Municipality Of Ashfield Hawkesbury City Council NSW The Council Of The Municipality NSW Hurstville City Council NSW Of Hunters Hill Inverell Shire Council NSW The Council Of NSW The Municipality Of Kiama Kempsey Shire Council NSW The Council Of The Shire Of Hornsby NSW Kogarah City Council NSW The Hills Shire Council NSW Ku-Ring-Gai Council NSW Tweed Shire Council NSW Kyogle Council NSW Unincorporated NSW Lake Macquarie City Council NSW Upper Hunter Shire Council NSW Lane Cove Municipal Council NSW Uralla Shire Council NSW Leichhardt Municipal Council NSW Walcha Council NSW Lismore City Council NSW Warringah Council NSW Lithgow City Council NSW Waverley Council NSW Liverpool Plains Shire Council NSW Willoughby City Council NSW Maitland City Council NSW Wingecarribee Shire Council NSW Manly Council NSW Wollondilly Shire Council NSW Marrickville Council NSW Wollongong City Council NSW Mid-Western Regional Council NSW

14 / Conservation Management Zones of Australia, Eastern Australia Temperate and Subtropical Forests Local Government Areas Local Government Areas Woollahra Municipal Council NSW Moreton Bay Regional QLD Wyong Shire Council NSW Noosa Shire QLD Brisbane City QLD North Burnett Regional QLD Cherbourg Aboriginal Shire QLD Redland City QLD Fraser Coast Regional QLD Scenic Rim Regional QLD Gladstone Regional QLD Somerset Regional QLD Gold Coast City QLD South Burnett Regional QLD Goondiwindi Regional QLD Southern Downs Regional QLD Gympie Regional QLD Sunshine Coast Regional QLD Ipswich City QLD Toowoomba Regional QLD Lockyer Valley Regional QLD Western Downs Regional QLD Logan City QLD

15 / Conservation Management Zones of Australia, Eastern Australia Temperate and Subtropical Forests Zone vegetation characteristics

Major Vegetation Subgroups (MVS) with >1% original distribution within zone 40%

35%

30%

25%

20%

15%

10%

0% ey ey ey ey ey ey a grassy understor a shrubby understor a shrubby understor rm temperate Rainforest tussock grass understor ad-leaved and/or tree-fern Wa a tussock grass understor Eucalyptus woodlands with Eucalyptus woodlands with Eucalyptus open forests with Eucalyptus open forests Eucalyptus open forests with Eucalyptus open forests woodlands with a tall annual opical Eucalyptus forests and opical Eucalyptus forests understoery (wet)sclerophyll) rushes or wet tussock grasses rests with ferns, herbs, sedges, herbs, with ferns, rests Callitris forests and woodlands Callitris forests Tr opical or sub-tropical rainforest Eucalyptus tall open forest with Eucalyptus tall open forest fo Tr a ne-leaved shrubby understor dense b ro Eucalyptus tall open forests and open Eucalyptus tall open forests Eucalyptus (+/- tall) open forest with a Eucalyptus (+/- tall) open forest

Pre 1750 percentage of CMZ area Present day percentage of CMZ area

16 / Conservation Management Zones of Australia, Eastern Australia Temperate and Subtropical Forests The National Vegetation Information System (NVIS) framework is a nationally consistent vegetation classification system based on vegetation data collected by states and territories. It provides information on the extent and distribution of vegetation types across the Australian landscape.

Two products are used to provide the Zone Vegetation Characteristics graph. A modelled pre-European vegetation distribution (pre-1750), and extant (current extent) vegetation, which is based on contemporary vegetation mapping. The information presented here relates to Major Vegetation Subgroups (MVSs). There are 85 MVS types across Australia, describing the structure and floristic composition of dominant and secondary vegetation stratums (e.g. canopy and mid-storey species). Major Vegetation Subgroups only reflect the dominant vegetation type occurring in an area from a mix of vegetation types. Less-dominant vegetation groups which may also be present are therefore not represented.

It is important to note that the vegetation information is indicative only, as state and territory mapping in Australia is of variable resolution and scale. However, this data is the best available nationally consistent information on vegetation, and the dataset continues to evolve and increase in accuracy.

Analysing this information at Conservation Management Zone, rather than national level provides greater discrimination for decision makers, as clearance levels of vegetation types are not uniform across Australia. For example, eucalypt woodlands with a tussock grass understory is a vegetation type found across Australia. In the Brigalow Woodlands Conservation Management Zone, eucalypt open woodlands with a tussock grass understory originally covered approximately 36% of the zone, but today it only covers only 14.5 % of the zone (58.7% of this vegetation community has been cleared in the Brigalow). In the Northern Australia Tropical Savannah zone, this vegetation type originally occupied 19.6% of the zone. Today, it occupies approximately 19.4% of the zone (only 2.3% of this vegetation type has been cleared). It should be noted that this data only provides an indication of change in extent, and not vegetation condition.

For more information on the National Vegetation Information System (NVIS) please refer to: http://www.environment.gov.au/topics/science-and-research/databases-and-maps/national-vegetation-information-system

17 / Conservation Management Zones of Australia, Eastern Australia Temperate and Subtropical Forests Ramsar and Nationally Important Wetlands

Ramsar wetlands Jurisdiction Hectares Myall Lakes – Corrie NSW 44,972.48 Island Nature Reserve Hunter Estuary Wetlands – NSW 3,391.99 Kooragang Nature Reserve Towra Point Nature Reserve NSW 334.23 Little Llangothlin NSW 254.32 Nature Reserve For more information on Ramsar please refer to: http://www.environment.gov.au/topics/water/water-our- Moreton Bay QLD 159.63 environment/wetlands/ramsar-convention-wetlands

Nationally Important Wetlands Jurisdiction Hectares Criteria Beecroft Peninsula NSW 4,742.32 1, 3, 6 Brisbane Water Estuary NSW 2,429.42 2, 3, 4 Bundjalung National Park NSW 2,889.73 1, 3, 5, 6 Clarence River Estuary NSW 5,613.90 1, 2, 3, 4, 5 Clybucca Creek Estuary NSW 2,322.59 1, 3, 6 Conondale Range Aggregation QLD 1,985.49 1, 3, 5 Coomonderry Swamp NSW 457.44 1, 3, 4 Crowdy Bay National Park NSW 3,894.85 1, 3, 5, 6 Cudgen Nature Reserve NSW 610.81 1, 2, 3, 5 Dalrymple and Blackfellow Creeks QLD 873.96 1, 3, 5 Jervis Bay NSW 591.48 1, 3, 4, 5, 6 Karawatha Forest Park QLD 271.02 1, 3, 5 Kooragang Nature Reserve NSW 3,241.55 1, 3, 6, 4, 5 Lake Coombabah QLD 138.07 2, 3, 5 Lake Hiawatha and Minnie Water NSW 336.96 1, 3, 5 Lake Illawarra NSW 3,442.02 1, 3, 5 Lake Macquarie NSW 498.15 1, 2, 5, 6 Limeburners Creek Nature Reserve NSW 13,030.61 1, 2, 5, 6 Lower Bungawalbin Catchment Wetland Complex NSW 367.55 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6 Moreton Bay QLD 28.84 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6 Myall Lakes NSW 11,656.35 1, 2, 5 New England Wetlands NSW 124.34 1, 2, 3, 4, 6 Obi Obi Creek QLD 356.53 1, 2, 3, 5 Port Stephens Estuary NSW 2,747.31 1, 3, 5 Salt Ash Air Weapons Range NSW 858.74 1, 2, 3, 5

18 / Conservation Management Zones of Australia, Eastern Australia Temperate and Subtropical Forests Nationally Important Wetlands Jurisdiction Hectares Criteria Shoalhaven/Crookhaven Estuary NSW 2,242.08 1, 3, 4, 5 The Broadwater NSW 1,924.02 1, 3, 5 Towra Point Estuarine Wetlands NSW 819.88 1, 3, 6, 4, 5 Tuckean Swamp NSW 1,426.01 1, 2, 5, 6 Upper Coomera River QLD 1,347.86 1, 3, 5 Wallis Lake and adjacent estuarine islands NSW 8,557.31 1, 3, 5 Wollumboola Lake NSW 534.45 1, 2, 3, 5, 6 Wooloweyah Lagoon NSW 2,425.91 1, 3, 5

Nationally important wetlands are defined according to the following criteria: 1. It is a good example of a wetland type occurring within a biogeographic region in Australia. 2. It is a wetland which plays an important ecological or hydrological role in the natural functioning of a major wetland system/complex. 3. It is a wetland which is important as the habitat for animal taxa at a vulnerable stage in their life cycles, or provides a refuge when adverse conditions such as drought prevail. 4. The wetland supports 1% or more of the national populations of any native plant or animal taxa. 5. The wetland supports native plant or animal taxa or communities which are considered endangered or vulnerable at the national level. 6. The wetland is of outstanding historical or cultural significance. Please note, the above are a subset of all the Nationally Important Wetlands found within the Zone. For more information on Nationally Important Wetlands please see: http://www.environment.gov.au/resource/directory-important-wetlands-australia-third-edition

19 / Conservation Management Zones of Australia, Eastern Australia Temperate and Subtropical Forests World and National Heritage

Heritage Heritage values World or National type Jurisdiction Hectares % of zone The Greater World and National Natural NSW 766,208.19 4.80 Blue Mountains Area Gondwana World and National Natural NSW 368,555.00 2.31 Rainforests of Australia Royal National Park and Garawarra State National Natural NSW 16,211.96 0.10 Conservation Area Ku-ring-gai Chase National Park, Lion, National Natural NSW 15,233.65 0.10 Long and Spectacle Island Nature Reserves Australian Convict Sites (Old Government World Historic NSW 532.30 0.00 House and Domain Buffer Zone) Kurnell National Historic NSW 378.01 0.00 Peninsula Headland North Head – Sydney National Historic NSW 239.76 0.00 Old Great North Road National Historic NSW 194.82 0.00 Sydney Opera World and National Historic NSW 178.70 0.00 House – Buffer Zone Old Government House and the National Historic NSW 49.52 0.00 Government Domain Cockatoo Island National Historic NSW 20.01 0.00 Bondi Beach National Historic NSW 17.91 0.00 Great Barrier Reef World and National Natural QLD 13.20 0.00 Sydney Harbour Bridge National Historic NSW 12.83 0.00 Sydney Opera House National Historic NSW 3.58 0.00 Hyde Park Barracks National Historic NSW 0.51 0.00 First Government National Historic NSW 0.23 0.00 House Site Cyprus Hellene Club – National Indigenous NSW 0.09 0.00 Australian Hall Please refer to the Australian Heritage Database for detailed information on listing criteria for these heritage values: http://www.environment.gov.au/topics/heritage/publications-and-resources/australian-heritage-database For more information on Australia’s world and national heritage please refer to: http://www.environment.gov.au/topics/heritage/about-australias-heritage

20 / Conservation Management Zones of Australia, Eastern Australia Temperate and Subtropical Forests Major National Reserve System properties

Major National Reserve System properties IUCN Name Property type Jurisdiction Hectares % of zone category Wollemi National Park IB NSW 387,545 2.43% Blue Mountains National Park II NSW 188,644 1.18% Yengo National Park IB NSW 167,551 1.05% Morton National Park II NSW 155,778 0.98% Oxley Wild Rivers National Park IB NSW 148,258 0.93% Guy Fawkes River National Park IB NSW 108,204 0.68% Barrington Tops National Park IB NSW 76,892 0.48% New England National Park IB NSW 71,176 0.45% Washpool National Park IB NSW 68,878 0.43% Myall Lakes National Park II NSW 47,830 0.30% Nattai National Park IB NSW 46,160 0.29% Nymboida National Park IB NSW 40,669 0.25% D’Aguilar National Park II QLD 36,561 0.23% Yuraygir National Park II NSW 36,187 0.23% Parr State Conservation Area II NSW 35,726 0.22% Werrikimbe National Park IB NSW 35,054 0.22% Conondale National Park II QLD 34,203 0.21% Border Ranges National Park IB NSW 31,889 0.20% Cottan-Bimbang National Park II NSW 30,573 0.19% Torrington State Conservation Area II NSW 30,362 0.19% Willi Willi National Park IB NSW 30,075 0.19% Main Range National Park II QLD 30,009 0.19% Gibraltar Range National Park IB NSW 25,400 0.16% Upper Nepean State Conservation Area IA NSW 25,112 0.16% Bundjalung National Park IB NSW 21,178 0.13% Lamington National Park II QLD 20,629 0.13% Grongah National Park II QLD 19,692 0.12% Chaelundi National Park II NSW 19,125 0.12% Burragorang State Conservation Area II NSW 17,716 0.11% Mount Barney National Park II QLD 17,550 0.11% Nowendoc National Park II NSW 17,344 0.11% Nymboi-Binderay National Park II NSW 17,213 0.11% Bunya Mountains National Park II QLD 16,306 0.10%

21 / Conservation Management Zones of Australia, Eastern Australia Temperate and Subtropical Forests Major National Reserve System properties IUCN Name Property type Jurisdiction Hectares % of zone category Cunnawarra National Park II NSW 16,243 0.10% Richmond Range National Park II NSW 15,721 0.10% Curracabundi National Park II NSW 15,382 0.10% Dharug National Park II NSW 15,324 0.10% Royal National Park II NSW 15,286 0.10% Ku-ring-gai Chase National Park II NSW 15,101 0.09% Kumbatine National Park II NSW 15,018 0.09%

The IUCN categories are as follows: Ia Strict Nature Reserve IUCN protected area management categories Ib Wilderness Area classify protected areas according to their II National Park management objectives. The categories are recognised by international bodies such as III Natural Monument or Feature the United Nations and are utilised by many IV Habitat/Species Management Area national governments, including the Australian V Protected Landscape/ Seascape Government, as the global standard for VI Protected area with sustainable use of natural resources defining and recording protected areas.

Please refer to the IUCN website for further explanation: http://www.iucn.org/about/work/programmes/gpap_home/gpap_quality/gpap_pacategories/ For more information on Australia’s National Reserve System please refer to: http://www.environment.gov.au/topics/land/national-reserve-system

Source: Collaborative Australian Protected Area Database 2012.

22 / Conservation Management Zones of Australia, Eastern Australia Temperate and Subtropical Forests EPBC Act (1999) threatened ecological communities

Threatened ecological communities Name Listing status % of total distribution* % of zone** Coastal Upland Swamps in Endangered 100 0.03 the Sydney Basin Bioregion Western Sydney Dry Rainforest and Critically Endangered 100 0.012 Moist Woodland on Shale Shale/Sandstone Transition Forest Endangered 100 0.123 Cumberland Plain Shale Woodlands Critically Endangered 100 0.08 and Shale-Gravel Transition Forest Temperate Highland Peat Endangered 100 0.01 Swamps on Sandstone Swamp Tea-tree (Melaleuca irbyana) Critically Endangered 100 0.01 Forest of South-east Queensland Turpentine-Ironbark Forest Critically Endangered 100 0.02 in the Sydney Basin Bioregion Weeping Myall – Coobah – Scrub Critically Endangered 100 0.002 Wilga Shrubland of the Hunter Valley Blue Gum High Forest of Critically Endangered 100 0.001 the Sydney Basin Bioregion Eastern Suburbs Banksia Scrub Endangered 99.3 0.001 of the Sydney Region New England Peppermint Critically Endangered 96.0 0.1 (Eucalyptus nova-anglica) Grassy Woodlands Lowland Rainforest of Subtropical Australia Critically Endangered 75.5 0.5 Upland Wetlands of the New England Endangered 45.6 0.01 Tablelands and the Monaro Plateau White Box-Yellow Box-Blakely’s Red Gum Grassy Woodland and Critically Endangered 16.5 2.4 Derived Native Grassland Upland Basalt Eucalypt Forests Endangered 11.8 0.1 of the Sydney Basin Bioregion Natural grasslands on basalt and fine-textured alluvial plains of northern New South Wales Critically Endangered 9.0 3.5 and southern Queensland Subtropical and Temperate Coastal Saltmarsh Vulnerable 4.6 0.061 Littoral Rainforest and Coastal Critically Endangered 3.6 0.01 Vine Thickets of Eastern Australia Brigalow (Acacia harpophylla dominant Endangered 0.3 0.01 and co-dominant) Semi-evergreen vine thickets of the Brigalow Belt Endangered 0.2 0.003 (North and South) and Nandewar Bioregions Grey Box (Eucalyptus microcarpa) May be Grassy Woodlands and Derived Native Endangered May be present present Grasslands of South-eastern Australia May be Weeping Myall Woodlands Endangered May be present present * % of the total national distribution describes the proportion of the total national distribution of the Threatened Ecological Community that is found within the zone. ** % of the total zone area describes the proportion of the zone that the Threatened Ecological Community is likely or known to occur in.

23 / Conservation Management Zones of Australia, Eastern Australia Temperate and Subtropical Forests It should be noted that the identification of any given Threatened Ecological Community above does not imply that the Threatened Ecological Community (TEC) is found uniformly across the Conservation Management Zone. Rather, the % of the TEC’s total distribution (*) within the zone is an indication of its importance to that zone in terms of conservation efforts. The % of the zone (**) indicates how rare, or difficult the ecological community may be to find within the zone.

The threatened ecological communities above are listed under The Environment Protection and Biodiversity Conservation Act 1999 (EPBC Act), which is the Australian Government’s principal environmental legislation. For more information, please refer to http://www.environment.gov.au/biodiversity/threatened/communities

24 / Conservation Management Zones of Australia, Eastern Australia Temperate and Subtropical Forests It should be noted that the identification of any given Threatened Ecological Community above does not imply that the Threatened Ecological Community (TEC) is found uniformly across the Conservation Management Zone. EPBC Act (1999) threatened species Rather, the % of the TEC’s total distribution (*) within the zone is an indication of its importance to that zone in terms of conservation efforts. The % of the zone (**) indicates how rare, or difficult the ecological community may be to find within the zone.

The threatened ecological communities above are listed under The Environment Protection and Biodiversity Threatened mammals % of total % of Conservation Act 1999 (EPBC Act), which is the Australian Government’s principal environmental legislation. Common name Scientific name Status For more information, please refer to http://www.environment.gov.au/biodiversity/threatened/communities distribution* zone** Hastings River Mouse, Koontoo Pseudomys oralis Endangered 96.61 17.46 New Holland Mouse, Pookila Pseudomys novaehollandiae Vulnerable 79.32 47.28 Brush-tailed Rock-wallaby Petrogale penicillata Vulnerable 72.00 18.58 Spot-tailed Quoll, Spotted-tail Quoll, Tiger Dasyurus maculatus maculatus Endangered 64.94 71.23 Quoll (southeastern mainland population) (SE mainland population) Grey-headed Flying-fox Pteropus poliocephalus Vulnerable 56.70 61.32 Large-eared Pied Bat, Large Pied Bat Chalinolobus dwyeri Vulnerable 54.51 90.75 Long-nosed Potoroo (SE mainland) Potorous tridactylus tridactylus Vulnerable 51.89 13.42 Koala (combined populations of Phascolarctos cinereus Queensland, New South Wales and the (combined populations of Qld, Vulnerable 32.47 85.01 Australian Capital Territory) NSW and the ACT) Southern Brown Bandicoot (Eastern) Isoodon obesulus obesulus Endangered 9.46 2.27 South-eastern Long-eared Bat Nyctophilus corbeni Vulnerable 6.95 14.01 Water Mouse, False Water Rat, Yirrkoo Xeromys myoides Vulnerable 0.42 0.08 Northern Quoll Dasyurus hallucatus Endangered 0.32 1.23 May be May be Konoom, Smoky Mouse Pseudomys fumeus Endangered present present Humpback Whale Megaptera novaeangliae Vulnerable n/a n/a Southern Right Whale Eubalaena australis Endangered n/a n/a

25 / Conservation Management Zones of Australia, Eastern Australia Temperate and Subtropical Forests Threatened birds % of total % of Common name Scientific name Status distribution* zone** Coxen’s Fig-Parrot Cyclopsitta diophthalma coxeni Endangered 84.73 1.27 Eastern Bristlebird Dasyornis brachypterus Endangered 81.45 24.57 Gould’s Petrel Pterodroma leucoptera leucoptera Endangered 63.27 0.00 Black-breasted Button-quail Turnix melanogaster Vulnerable 52.74 17.57 Regent Honeyeater Anthochaera phrygia Endangered 37.22 55.72 Swift Parrot Lathamus discolor Endangered 28.19 31.70 Australasian Bittern Botaurus poiciloptilus Endangered 11.06 25.69 Red Goshawk Erythrotriorchis radiatus Vulnerable 7.11 45.81 Squatter Pigeon (southern) Geophaps scripta scripta Vulnerable 6.86 11.73 Australian Fairy Tern Sternula nereis nereis Vulnerable 1.81 0.65 Australian Painted Snipe Rostratula australis Endangered 1.54 1.89 Star Finch (eastern), Star Finch (southern) Neochmia ruficauda ruficauda Endangered 0.15 0.35 Chatham Albatross Thalassarche eremita Endangered 0.08 0.59 Salvin’s Albatross Thalassarche cauta salvini Vulnerable 0.05 0.77 Gibson’s Albatross Diomedea exulans gibsoni Vulnerable 0.03 0.41 Shy Albatross, Tasmanian Shy Albatross Thalassarche cauta cauta Vulnerable 0.03 0.59 Northern Royal Albatross Diomedea epomophora sanfordi Endangered 0.03 0.67 Antipodean Albatross Diomedea exulans antipodensis Vulnerable 0.02 0.41 White-capped Albatross Thalassarche cauta steadi Vulnerable 0.02 0.80 Malleefowl Leipoa ocellata Vulnerable 0.02 0.15 Diomedea epomophora Southern Royal Albatross Vulnerable 0.02 0.67 epomophora Black-throated Finch (southern) Poephila cincta cincta Endangered 0.01 0.003 Wandering Albatross Diomedea exulans (sensu lato) Vulnerable 0.01 0.41 Critically May be May be Herald Petrel Pterodroma heraldica Endangered present present Critically May be May be Orange-bellied Parrot Neophema chrysogaster Endangered present present Tristan Albatross Diomedea exulans exulans Endangered n/a n/a Southern Giant-Petrel Macronectes giganteus Endangered n/a n/a Thalassarche Campbell Albatross Vulnerable n/a n/a melanophris impavida Superb Parrot Polytelis swainsonii Vulnerable n/a n/a Black-browed Albatross Thalassarche melanophris Vulnerable n/a n/a Northern Giant-Petrel Macronectes halli Vulnerable n/a n/a Kermadec Petrel (western) Pterodroma neglecta neglecta Vulnerable n/a n/a Buller’s Albatross Thalassarche bulleri Vulnerable n/a n/a

26 / Conservation Management Zones of Australia, Eastern Australia Temperate and Subtropical Forests Threatened reptiles % of total % of Common Name Scientific name Status distribution* zone** Bell’s Turtle, Western Sawshelled Turtle, Namoi River Turtle, Wollumbinia belli Vulnerable 99.23 0.23 Bell’s Saw-shelled Turtle Blue Mountains Water Skink Eulamprus leuraensis Endangered 98.09 0.68 Broad-headed Snake Hoplocephalus bungaroides Vulnerable 72.63 0.68 Border Thick-tailed Gecko, Uvidicolus sphyrurus Vulnerable 41.24 14.00 Granite Belt Thick-tailed Gecko Collared Delma Delma torquata Vulnerable 37.9 11.99 Dunmall’s Snake Furina dunmalli Vulnerable 24.65 2.37 Critically Nangur Spiny Skink Nangura spinosa 24.03 1.41 Endangered Five-clawed Worm-skink, Anomalopus mackayi Vulnerable 4.29 0.01 Long-legged Worm-skink Mary River Turtle, Mary River Tortoise Elusor macrurus Endangered 2.89 0.01 Pink-tailed Worm-lizard, Aprasia parapulchella Vulnerable 0.92 0.01 Pink-tailed Legless Lizard Yakka Skink Egernia rugosa Vulnerable 0.64 0.21 Hawksbill Turtle Eretmochelys imbricata Vulnerable 0.03 0.32 Grassland Earless Dragon Tympanocryptis pinguicolla Endangered 0.03 0.66 Green Turtle Chelonia mydas Vulnerable 0.02 0.00 Loggerhead Turtle Caretta caretta Endangered 0.02 0.67 Leatherback Turtle, Leathery Turtle, Luth Dermochelys coriacea Endangered 0.02 0.65 Flatback Turtle Natator depressus Vulnerable 0.02 0.61 Olive Ridley Turtle, Pacific Ridley Turtle Lepidochelys olivacea Endangered 0.00 0.55 May be May be Three-toed Snake-tooth Skink Coeranoscincus reticulatus Vulnerable present present May be May be Ornamental Snake Denisonia maculata Vulnerable present present May be May be Striped Legless Lizard Delma impar Vulnerable present present

27 / Conservation Management Zones of Australia, Eastern Australia Temperate and Subtropical Forests Other threatened fauna % of total % of Common name Scientific name Status distribution* zone** Peppered Tree Frog Litoria piperata Vulnerable 100.00 2.80 Clarence River Cod, Maccullochella ikei Endangered 100.00 0.04 Eastern Freshwater Cod Pink Underwing Moth Phyllodes imperialis smithersi Endangered 100.00 0.00 Critically Mitchell’s Rainforest Snail Thersites mitchellae 97.06 0.20 Endangered Fleay’s Frog Mixophyes fleayi Endangered 92.15 1.43 Giant Barred Frog, Southern Barred Frog Mixophyes iteratus Endangered 86.65 0.56 Stuttering Frog, Southern Barred Mixophyes balbus Vulnerable 86.34 26.27 Frog (in Victoria) Mary River Cod Maccullochella mariensis Endangered 82.66 0.16 Australian Lungfish, Queensland Lungfish Neoceratodus forsteri Vulnerable 56.40 0.11 Yellow-spotted Tree Frog, Litoria castanea Endangered 43.35 5.91 Yellow-spotted Bell Frog Giant Burrowing Frog Heleioporus australiacus Vulnerable 32.79 12.63 Oxleyan Pygmy Perch Nannoperca oxleyana Endangered 32.67 0.09 Green and Golden Bell Frog Litoria aurea Vulnerable 27.33 0.20 Wallum Sedge Frog Litoria olongburensis Vulnerable 17.07 0.37 Bathurst Copper Butterfly, Purple Copper Butterfly, Bathurst Copper, Paralucia spinifera Vulnerable 15.46 0.11 Bathurst Copper Wing, Bathurst-Lithgow Copper, Purple Copper Black Rockcod, Black Cod, Epinephelus daemelii Vulnerable 8.84 0.50 Saddled Rockcod Critically Silver Perch, Bidyan Bidyanus bidyanus 6.40 0.29 Endangered Booroolong Frog Litoria booroolongensis Endangered 3.77 0.35 Trout Cod Maccullochella macquariensis Endangered 3.76 0.01 Australian Grayling Prototroctes maraena Vulnerable 1.16 0.08 Honey Blue-eye Pseudomugil mellis Vulnerable 0.99 0.00 May be May be Littlejohn’s Tree Frog, Heath Frog Litoria littlejohni Vulnerable present present Growling Grass Frog, Southern Bell Frog, May be May be Litoria raniformis Vulnerable Green and Golden Frog, Warty Swamp Frog present present May be May be Macquarie Perch Macquaria australasica Endangered present present May be May be Murray Cod Maccullochella peelii Vulnerable present present Carcharias taurus Critically Grey Nurse Shark (east coast population) n/a n/a (east coast population) Endangered Conservation Southern Bluefin Tuna Thunnus maccoyii n/a n/a Dependent Great White Shark Carcharodon carcharias Vulnerable n/a n/a Green Sawfish, Dindagubba, Pristis zijsron Vulnerable n/a n/a Narrowsnout Sawfish Whale Shark Rhincodon typus Vulnerable n/a n/a

28 / Conservation Management Zones of Australia, Eastern Australia Temperate and Subtropical Forests Threatened flora % of total % of Common Name Scientific name Status distribution* zone** Milky Silkpod Parsonsia dorrigoensis Endangered 100 3.59 Granite Boronia Boronia granitica Endangered 100 3.23 Spiked Rice-flower Pimelea spicata Endangered 100 1.20 Southern Ochrosia Ochrosia moorei Endangered 100 1.06 Melichrus sp. Newfoundland Hairy Melichrus Endangered 100 0.80 State Forest (P.Gilmour 7852) Rupp’s Wattle Acacia ruppii Endangered 100 0.75 Hal Haloragodendron lucasii Endangered 100 0.66 Hairy Persoonia Persoonia hirsuta Endangered 100 0.55 Dorrigo Daisy-bush Olearia flocktoniae Endangered 100 0.43 Davidson’s Plum Davidsonia jerseyana Endangered 100 0.37 Nightcap Plectranthus, Silver Plectranthus Plectranthus nitidus Endangered 100 0.33 Beadle’s Grevillea Grevillea beadleana Endangered 100 0.30 Nowra Heath-myrtle Triplarina nowraensis Endangered 100 0.27 Isoglossa Isoglossa eranthemoides Endangered 100 0.23 Nodding Geebung Persoonia nutans Endangered 100 0.19 Hill Zieria, Hilly Zieria, Illawarra Zieria Zieria granulata Endangered 100 0.15 Hairy Quandong Elaeocarpus williamsianus Endangered 100 0.13 Wingecarribee Leek-orchid, Dark Leek-orchid Prasophyllum uroglossum Endangered 100 0.09 Delicate Cress, Illawarra Irene Irenepharsus trypherus Endangered 100 0.09 Peach Myrtle Uromyrtus australis Endangered 100 0.09 Repand Boronia, Border Boronia Boronia repanda Endangered 100 0.08 Minyon Quandong Elaeocarpus sedentarius Endangered 100 0.08 Jervis Bay Leek Orchid, Culburra Prasophyllum affine Endangered 100 0.07 Leek-orchid, Kinghorn Point Leek-orchid Black-clubbed Spider-orchid Caladenia atroclavia Endangered 100 0.07 Tranquillity Mintbush, Prostanthera askania Endangered 100 0.07 Tranquility Mintbush Torrington Beard-heath Leucopogon confertus Endangered 100 0.07 Critically Kangaloon Sun Orchid Thelymitra kangaloonica 100 0.06 Endangered Eastern Underground Orchid Rhizanthella slateri Endangered 100 0.06 Critically Wyong Sun Orchid Thelymitra adorata 100 0.06 Endangered Caley’s Grevillea Grevillea caleyi Endangered 100 0.05 Melichrus sp. Gibberagee Narrow-leaf Melichrus Endangered 100 0.05 (Benwell 97239) Mountain Angelica, Broad-leafed Carrot Gingidia montana Endangered 100 0.04 Purple-leaf Muttonwood, Myrsine richmondensis Endangered 100 0.04 Lismore Muttonwood

29 / Conservation Management Zones of Australia, Eastern Australia Temperate and Subtropical Forests Threatened flora % of total % of Common Name Scientific name Status distribution* zone** Critically Seaforth Mintbush Prostanthera marifolia 100 0.03 Endangered Wingecarribee Gentian Gentiana wingecarribiensis Endangered 100 0.03 Critically Nightcap Oak Eidothea hardeniana 100 0.02 Endangered Bomaderry Zieria, Zieria baeuerlenii Endangered 100 0.02 Bomaderry Creek Zieria Coastal Fontainea Fontainea oraria Endangered 100 0.01 Eucalyptus pachycalyx Banyabba Shiny-barked Gum Endangered 100 0.01 subsp. banyabba Carrington Falls Grevillea Grevillea rivularis Endangered 100 0.01 Elusive Bush-pea Pultenaea elusa Endangered 100 0.01 Critically North Rothbury Persoonia Persoonia pauciflora 100 0.00 Endangered Critically Halbury Rustyhood Pterostylis vernalis 100 0.00 Endangered Critically Cooneana Olive Notelaea ipsviciensis 100 0.00 Endangered Corunastylis sp. Critically Wyong Midge Orchid 2 100 0.00 Charmhaven (NSW 896673) Endangered Brachychiton sp. Ormeau Critically Ormeau Bottle Tree 100 0.00 (L.H.Bird AQ435851) Endangered Small Snake Orchid, Two-leaved Golden Moths, Golden Moths, Diuris pedunculata Endangered 99.99 9.41 Cowslip Orchid, Snake Orchid Somersby Mintbush Prostanthera junonis Endangered 99.99 0.19 Sydney Plains Greenhood Pterostylis saxicola Endangered 99.97 0.56 Floyd’s Walnut Endiandra floydii Endangered 99.96 0.42 Smooth Davidsonia, Smooth Davidson’s Davidsonia johnsonii Endangered 99.83 0.51 Plum, Small-leaved Davidson’s Plum Wyong Midge Orchid 1, Critically Corunastylis insignis 99.71 0.11 Variable Midge Orchid 1 Endangered Critically Tuncurry Midge Orchid Corunastylis littoralis 99.57 0.07 Endangered Angle-stemmed Myrtle Gossia gonoclada Endangered 99.54 0.09 Illawarra Socketwood Daphnandra johnsonii Endangered 99.43 0.20 Yellow Gnat-orchid Genoplesium baueri Endangered 98.76 2.53 Red-fruited Ebony, Diospyros mabacea Endangered 98.68 0.21 Silky Persimmon, Ebony Acacia terminalis Sunshine Wattle Endangered 98.62 0.10 subsp. terminalis MS Illawarra Greenhood, Rufa Greenhood, Pterostylis gibbosa Endangered 98.35 0.40 Pouched Greenhood Sweet Myrtle, Small-leaved Myrtle Gossia fragrantissima Endangered 98.14 0.77

30 / Conservation Management Zones of Australia, Eastern Australia Temperate and Subtropical Forests Threatened flora % of total % of Common Name Scientific name Status distribution* zone** Small-leaved Tamarind Diploglottis campbellii Endangered 98.09 1.27 Dwarf Heath Casuarina Allocasuarina defungens Endangered 97.58 1.35 Dwarf Mountain Pine Pherosphaera fitzgeraldii Endangered 97.55 0.06 Spiny Gardenia Randia moorei Endangered 97.52 0.75 Botany Bay Bearded Greenhood, Pterostylis sp. Botany Bay Endangered 97 0.00 Botany Bay Bearded Orchid (A.Bishop J221/1-13) Native Jute Corchorus cunninghamii Endangered 96.08 1.66 White-flowered Wax Plant Cynanchum elegans Endangered 95.6 15.26 Coveny’s Zieria Zieria covenyi Endangered 94.84 0.03 Shiny-leaved Condoo, Planchonella eerwah Endangered 94.19 0.24 Black Plum, Wild Apple Plumed Midge-orchid Genoplesium plumosum Endangered 92.24 0.01 Critically Mt Berryman Phebalium Phebalium distans 88.73 1.74 Endangered Lasiopetalum sp. Critically Proston Lasiopetalum 88.48 0.02 Proston (J.A.Baker 17) Endangered Wandering Pepper-cress Lepidium peregrinum Endangered 84.38 1.79 Nielsen Park She-oak Allocasuarina portuensis Endangered 82.37 0.00 Wollemi Pine Wollemia nobilis Endangered 77.32 2.45

* % of total distribution describes the proportion of the total national distribution of the threatened species that is found within the zone. ** % of zone describes the proportion of the zone that the threatened species is likely or known to occur in. The % of zone indicates how rare, or difficult the species may be to find within the zone. The above species are listed under The Environment Protection and Biodiversity Conservation Act 1999 (EPBC Act), the Australian Government’s principal environmental legislation. * Please note that the list of threatened flora species is not comprehensive. There are a total of 324 threatened flora within the zone. The flora listed here have a significant proportion of their total national distribution within the zone and are also listed as either critically endangered or endangered. For more information please refer to: http://www.environment.gov.au/biodiversity/threatened/species

31 / Conservation Management Zones of Australia, Eastern Australia Temperate and Subtropical Forests EPBC Act (1999) migratory species

Migratory birds Migratory birds Common name Scientific name Common name Scientific name Antipodean Albatross Diomedea antipodensis Oriental Plover, Charadrius veredus Bar-tailed Godwit Limosa lapponica Oriental Dotterel Black-browed Albatross Thalassarche melanophris Oriental Pratincole Glareola maldivarum Black-faced Monarch Monarcha melanopsis Pacific Golden Plover Pluvialis fulva Rostratula benghalensis Black-naped Tern Sterna sumatrana Painted Snipe (sensu lato) Black-tailed Godwit Limosa limosa Rainbow Bee-eater Merops ornatus Bridled Tern Sterna anaethetus Red Knot, Knot Calidris canutus Broad-billed Sandpiper Limicola falcinellus Red-necked Stint Calidris ruficollis Buller’s Albatross Thalassarche bulleri Roseate Tern Sterna dougallii Campbell Albatross Thalassarche impavida Ruddy Turnstone Arenaria interpres Cattle Egret Ardea ibis Rufous Fantail Rhipidura rufifrons Chatham Albatross Thalassarche eremita Salvin’s Albatross Thalassarche salvini Common Sandpiper Actitis hypoleucos Sanderling Calidris alba Curlew Sandpiper Calidris ferruginea Satin Flycatcher Myiagra cyanoleuca Double-banded Plover Charadrius bicinctus Sharp-tailed Sandpiper Calidris acuminata Eastern Curlew Numenius madagascariensis Short-tailed Shearwater Puffinus tenuirostris Flesh-footed Shearwater, Puffinus carneipes Fleshy-footed Shearwater Shy Albatross, Thalassarche cauta Tasmanian Shy Albatross (sensu stricto) Fork-tailed Swift Apus pacificus Sooty Shearwater Puffinus griseus Gibson’s Albatross Diomedea gibsoni Southern Giant-Petrel Macronectes giganteus Pterodroma Gould’s Petrel leucoptera leucoptera Southern Diomedea epomophora Royal Albatross (sensu stricto) Great Egret, Ardea alba White Egret Spectacled Monarch Monarcha trivirgatus Great Knot Calidris tenuirostris Streaked Shearwater Calonectris leucomelas Greater Sand Plover, Streaked Shearwater Puffinus leucomelas Charadrius leschenaultii Large Sand Plover Terek Sandpiper Xenus cinereus Grey Plover Pluvialis squatarola Tristan Albatross Diomedea dabbenena Grey-tailed Tattler Heteroscelus brevipes Diomedea exulans Wandering Albatross Latham’s Snipe, (sensu lato) Gallinago hardwickii Wedge-tailed Japanese Snipe Puffinus pacificus Lesser Sand Plover, Shearwater Charadrius mongolus Mongolian Plover Whimbrel Numenius phaeopus Little Curlew, White-bellied Numenius minutus Haliaeetus leucogaster Little Whimbrel Sea-Eagle Little Tern Sterna albifrons White-capped Thalassarche steadi Marsh Sandpiper, Albatross Tringa stagnatilis White-throated Little Greenshank Hirundapus caudacutus Northern Giant-Petrel Macronectes halli Needletail Northern Royal Wood Sandpiper Tringa glareola Diomedea sanfordi Albatross

32 / Conservation Management Zones of Australia, Eastern Australia Temperate and Subtropical Forests Other migratory species Common name Scientific name Bryde’s Whale Balaenoptera edeni Dugong Dugong dugon Dusky Dolphin Lagenorhynchus obscurus Flatback Turtle Natator depressus Great White Shark Carcharodon carcharias Green Turtle Chelonia mydas Hawksbill Turtle Eretmochelys imbricata Humpback Whale Megaptera novaeangliae Indo-Pacific Humpback Dolphin Sousa chinensis Irrawaddy Dolphin Orcaella brevirostris Killer Whale, Orca Orcinus orca Leatherback Turtle, Leathery Turtle, Luth Dermochelys coriacea Loggerhead Turtle Caretta caretta Olive Ridley Turtle, Pacific Ridley Turtle Lepidochelys olivacea Porbeagle, Mackerel Shark Lamna nasus Pygmy Right Whale Caperea marginata Salt-water Crocodile, Estuarine Crocodile Crocodylus porosus Southern Right Whale Eubalaena australis Whale Shark Rhincodon typus

For more information please refer to: http://www.environment.gov.au/topics/biodiversity/migratory-species

33 / Conservation Management Zones of Australia, Eastern Australia Temperate and Subtropical Forests Threatened endemic species

Threatened endemic species Taxonomic group Scientific name Reservation status EPBC Act status IUCN status Crabs, Yabbies, Not recorded Cherax leckii n/a Critically Endangered Isopods and Allies in reserves Crabs, Yabbies, Not recorded Euastacus clarkae n/a Critically Endangered Isopods and Allies in reserves Crabs, Yabbies, Not recorded Euastacus dalagarbe n/a Critically Endangered Isopods and Allies in reserves Crabs, Yabbies, Not recorded Euastacus dharawalus n/a Critically Endangered Isopods and Allies in reserves Crabs, Yabbies, Not recorded Euastacus gamilaroi n/a Critically Endangered Isopods and Allies in reserves Crabs, Yabbies, Not recorded Euastacus girurmulayn n/a Critically Endangered Isopods and Allies in reserves Crabs, Yabbies, Not recorded Euastacus gumar n/a Endangered Isopods and Allies in reserves Crabs, Yabbies, Not recorded Euastacus guruhgi n/a Critically Endangered Isopods and Allies in reserves Crabs, Yabbies, Not recorded Euastacus guwinus n/a Critically Endangered Isopods and Allies in reserves Crabs, Yabbies, Euastacus hirsutus Recorded in Reserves n/a Endangered Isopods and Allies Crabs, Yabbies, Not recorded Euastacus hystricosus n/a Endangered Isopods and Allies in reserves Crabs, Yabbies, Not recorded Euastacus jagabar n/a Critically Endangered Isopods and Allies in reserves Crabs, Yabbies, Not recorded Euastacus maidae n/a Critically Endangered Isopods and Allies in reserves Crabs, Yabbies, Not recorded Euastacus mirangudjin n/a Critically Endangered Isopods and Allies in reserves Crabs, Yabbies, Not recorded Euastacus polysetosus n/a Endangered Isopods and Allies in reserves Crabs, Yabbies, Not recorded Euastacus setosus n/a Critically Endangered Isopods and Allies in reserves Crabs, Yabbies, Not recorded Euastacus simplex n/a Vulnerable Isopods and Allies in reserves Crabs, Yabbies, Not recorded Euastacus spinichelatus n/a Endangered Isopods and Allies in reserves Crabs, Yabbies, Euastacus sulcatus Recorded in Reserves n/a Vulnerable Isopods and Allies Crabs, Yabbies, Not recorded Euastacus suttoni n/a Vulnerable Isopods and Allies in reserves Crabs, Yabbies, Not recorded Euastacus urospinosus n/a Endangered Isopods and Allies in reserves Not recorded Dragonflies Austrocordulia leonardi n/a Critically Endangered in reserves

34 / Conservation Management Zones of Australia, Eastern Australia Temperate and Subtropical Forests Threatened endemic species Taxonomic group Scientific name Reservation status EPBC Act status IUCN status Fish Maccullochella ikei Recorded in Reserves Endangered Endangered Not recorded Frogs Litoria daviesae n/a Vulnerable in reserves Not recorded Frogs Litoria piperata Vulnerable Critically Endangered in reserves Frogs Philoria loveridgei Recorded in Reserves n/a Endangered Not recorded Frogs Philoria pughi n/a Endangered in reserves Frogs Philoria sphagnicolus Recorded in Reserves n/a Endangered Not recorded Molluscs Austropyrgus nepeanensis n/a Near Threatened in reserves Not recorded Molluscs Fluvidona anodonta n/a Vulnerable in reserves Not recorded Molluscs Fluvidona petterdi n/a Critically Endangered in reserves Molluscs Austrochloritis ascensa Recorded in Reserves n/a Near Threatened Not recorded Molluscs Meridolum marshalli n/a Near Threatened in reserves Not recorded Molluscs Posorites turneri n/a Near Threatened in reserves Molluscs Helicarion leopardina Recorded in Reserves n/a Vulnerable Not recorded Molluscs Georissa laseroni n/a Vulnerable in reserves Not recorded Plants Corunastylis littoralis Critically Endangered n/a in reserves Not recorded Plants Corunastylis plumosa Endangered n/a in reserves Plants Corybas montanus Recorded in Reserves Vulnerable n/a Plants Diuris flavescens Recorded in Reserves Critically Endangered n/a Not recorded Plants Diuris praecox Vulnerable n/a in reserves Not recorded Plants Pterostylis bicornis Vulnerable n/a in reserves Plants Pterostylis pulchella Recorded in Reserves Vulnerable n/a Not recorded Plants Pterostylis saxicola Endangered n/a in reserves Not recorded Plants Rhizanthella slateri Endangered n/a in reserves Not recorded Plants Sarcochilus weinthalii Vulnerable n/a in reserves Not recorded Plants Thelymitra sp. kangaloon Critically Endangered n/a in reserves Not recorded Plants Olearia cordata Vulnerable n/a in reserves Not recorded Plants Ozothamnus vagans Vulnerable n/a in reserves Not recorded Plants Lychnothamnus barbatus Endangered n/a in reserves

35 / Conservation Management Zones of Australia, Eastern Australia Temperate and Subtropical Forests Threatened endemic species Taxonomic group Scientific name Reservation status EPBC Act status IUCN status Not recorded Plants Macrozamia cardiacensis n/a Vulnerable in reserves Plants Macrozamia conferta Recorded in Reserves Vulnerable Vulnerable Not recorded Plants Macrozamia cranei Endangered Endangered in reserves Not recorded Plants Macrozamia elegans n/a Endangered in reserves Plants Macrozamia fawcettii Recorded in Reserves n/a Near Threatened Plants Macrozamia flexuosa Recorded in Reserves n/a Endangered Not recorded Plants Macrozamia humilis n/a Vulnerable in reserves Not recorded Plants Macrozamia occidua Vulnerable Vulnerable in reserves Not recorded Plants Macrozamia viridis n/a Endangered in reserves Not recorded Plants Hibbertia marginata Vulnerable n/a in reserves Not recorded Plants Astrotricha roddii Endangered n/a in reserves Not recorded Plants Epacris sparsa Vulnerable n/a in reserves Melichrus sp. Not recorded Plants Endangered n/a newfoundland state forest in reserves Not recorded Plants Styphelia perileuca Vulnerable n/a in reserves Plants Leucopogon exolasius Recorded in Reserves Vulnerable n/a Not recorded Plants Acacia courtii Vulnerable n/a in reserves Plants Acacia flocktoniae Recorded in Reserves Vulnerable n/a Not recorded Plants Acacia macnuttiana Vulnerable n/a in reserves Not recorded Plants Almaleea cambagei Vulnerable n/a in reserves Not recorded Plants Desmodium acanthocladum Vulnerable n/a in reserves Plants Phyllota humifusa Recorded in Reserves Vulnerable n/a Plants Pultenaea parviflora Recorded in Reserves Vulnerable n/a Plants Allocasuarina defungens Recorded in Reserves Endangered n/a Plants Allocasuarina glareicola Recorded in Reserves Endangered n/a Not recorded Plants Allocasuarina portuensis Endangered n/a in reserves Plants Allocasuarina simulans Recorded in Reserves Vulnerable n/a Plants Euphrasia bowdeniae Recorded in Reserves Vulnerable n/a Plants Daphnandra johnsonii Recorded in Reserves Endangered n/a Not recorded Plants Endiandra floydii Endangered n/a in reserves

36 / Conservation Management Zones of Australia, Eastern Australia Temperate and Subtropical Forests Threatened endemic species Taxonomic group Scientific name Reservation status EPBC Act status IUCN status Not recorded Plants Endiandra hayesii Vulnerable n/a in reserves Not recorded Plants Bertya ernestiana Vulnerable n/a in reserves Not recorded Plants Bertya pinifolia Vulnerable n/a in reserves Plants Fontainea australis Recorded in Reserves Vulnerable n/a Not recorded Plants Fontainea oraria Endangered n/a in reserves Not recorded Plants Brachychiton sp. ormeau Critically Endangered n/a in reserves Not recorded Plants Lasiopetalum joyceae Vulnerable n/a in reserves Plants Lasiopetalum sp. proston Recorded in Reserves Critically Endangered n/a Not recorded Plants Pimelea venosa Endangered n/a in reserves Plants Angophora inopina Recorded in Reserves Vulnerable n/a Not recorded Plants Angophora robur Vulnerable n/a in reserves Not recorded Plants Darwinia biflora Vulnerable n/a in reserves Not recorded Plants Eucalyptus aquatica Vulnerable n/a in reserves Plants Eucalyptus camfieldii Recorded in Reserves Vulnerable n/a Not recorded Plants Eucalyptus pumila Vulnerable n/a in reserves Plants Gossia fragrantissima Recorded in Reserves Endangered n/a Not recorded Plants Homoranthus montanus Vulnerable n/a in reserves Plants Homoranthus prolixus Recorded in Reserves Vulnerable n/a Plants Kunzea rupestris Recorded in Reserves Vulnerable n/a Not recorded Plants Leptospermum deanei Vulnerable n/a in reserves Not recorded Plants Melaleuca biconvexa Vulnerable n/a in reserves Plants Melaleuca deanei Recorded in Reserves Vulnerable n/a Plants Micromyrtus blakelyi Recorded in Reserves Vulnerable n/a Not recorded Plants Micromyrtus grandis Endangered n/a in reserves Not recorded Plants Triplarina nowraensis Endangered n/a in reserves Plants Uromyrtus australis Recorded in Reserves Endangered n/a Plants Acrophyllum australe Recorded in Reserves Vulnerable n/a Plants Grevillea banyabba Recorded in Reserves Vulnerable n/a Not recorded Plants Grevillea beadleana Endangered n/a in reserves

37 / Conservation Management Zones of Australia, Eastern Australia Temperate and Subtropical Forests Threatened endemic species Taxonomic group Scientific name Reservation status EPBC Act status IUCN status Plants Grevillea caleyi Recorded in Reserves Endangered n/a Not recorded Plants Grevillea guthrieana Endangered n/a in reserves Not recorded Plants Grevillea masonii Endangered n/a in reserves Not recorded Plants Grevillea mollis Endangered n/a in reserves Not recorded Plants Grevillea molyneuxii Endangered n/a in reserves Not recorded Plants Grevillea quadricauda Vulnerable n/a in reserves Not recorded Plants Grevillea rhizomatosa Vulnerable n/a in reserves Not recorded Plants Hakea archaeoides Vulnerable n/a in reserves Plants Hicksbeachia pinnatifolia Recorded in Reserves Vulnerable n/a Not recorded Plants Isopogon fletcheri Vulnerable n/a in reserves Plants Persoonia acerosa Recorded in Reserves Vulnerable n/a Plants Persoonia bargoensis Recorded in Reserves Vulnerable n/a Not recorded Plants Persoonia glaucescens Vulnerable n/a in reserves Plants Persoonia hirsuta Recorded in Reserves Endangered n/a Not recorded Plants Tinospora tinosporoides Vulnerable n/a in reserves Plants Owenia cepiodora Recorded in Reserves Vulnerable n/a Plants Boronia repanda Recorded in Reserves Endangered n/a Not recorded Plants Boronia umbellata Vulnerable n/a in reserves Not recorded Plants Leionema obtusifolium Vulnerable n/a in reserves Not recorded Plants Leionema sympetalum Vulnerable n/a in reserves Not recorded Plants Zieria covenyi Endangered n/a in reserves Not recorded Plants Zieria floydii Endangered n/a in reserves Not recorded Plants Zieria involucrata Vulnerable n/a in reserves Not recorded Plants Zieria lasiocaulis Endangered n/a in reserves Plants Zieria murphyi Recorded in Reserves Vulnerable n/a Reptiles Myuchelys belli Recorded in Reserves Vulnerable Endangered Not recorded Reptiles Hoplocephalus bungaroides Vulnerable Vulnerable in reserves *Please note that due to the number of threatened endemic flora within this zone, only those that are not recorded in reserves, or listed as critically endangered or endangered under the EPBC Act or IUCN are listed here.

38 / Conservation Management Zones of Australia, Eastern Australia Temperate and Subtropical Forests Concentrations of unreserved endemic species

0150 00 200 Kilometres

CMZ Boundaries Data Sources: - All biodiversity data have been derived from the Australian Natura l Parks and Reserves Heritage Assessment Tool, which includes species location records from Australian museums, Australian herbaria, Birds Australia, CSIRO, Australian Natural Heritage Concentration of endemics state and territory governments and other sources. - Weighted endemism / richness scores are calculated for all species Assessment Tool 1 - 3 within a specified group with the exception of vascular plants (includes only 75 families) and vertebrates (does not include fish species). 4 - 6 For a full list of taxa included in ANHAT see Eastern Australia Temperate www.environment.gov.au/heritage/index.html and Subtropical Forests CMZ 7 - 11 - Drainage and waterbodies have been derived from the Geoscience Australia GEODATA TOPO 10M 2002 Concentrations of unreserved 12 - 18 - Locality data have been derived from the Geoscience Australia GEODATA TOPO 10M 2002 data layer endemic species 19 - 26 Caveat: While every effort has been made to ensure accuracy and 27 - 43 completeness, no guarantee is given, nor responsibility taken by the Commonwealth for errors or omissions and the Commonwealth does 44 - 71 not accept responsibility in respect of any information or advice given in relation to, or as a consequence of, anything contained herein. Eastern Australia temperate and subtropical forests Produced by: The Department of the Environment. © Commonwealth of Australia 2008

The colour grids and numbers are an indication of the location and number of endemic species that have all their known range outside of the National Reserve System. Concentrations of unreserved endemic species may be useful focal areas for private land conservation efforts. Endemism analyses were provided by the Australian Government Department of Environment Australian Natural Heritage Assessment Tool (ANHAT). The ANHAT database has been compiled from specimens and site records held in state agency wildlife atlases, museum collections, and the work of individual researchers. For more information please refer to: http://www.environment.gov.au/topics/heritage/publications-and-resources/australian-natural- heritage-assessment-tool

39 / Conservation Management Zones of Australia, Eastern Australia Temperate and Subtropical Forests Invasive species

Invasive mammals % of Common name Scientific name Area of zone (m2) % of zone** total distribution* Red Fox, Fox Vulpes vulpes 159,581,476,379 2.59 99.99 Cat, House Cat, Domestic Cat Felis catus 159,581,476379 2.08 99.99 Domestic Dog Canis lupus familiaris 156,109,778,218 6.26 97.82 House Mouse Mus musculus 148,894,209,980 4.19 93.30 Black Rat, Ship Rat Rattus rattus 142,884,465,842 12.85 89.53 Rabbit, European Rabbit Oryctolagus cuniculus 139,717,301,185 2.55 87.55 Brown Hare Lepus capensis 138,005,431,825 13.88 86.47 Domestic Cattle Bos taurus 130,346,060,745 7.66 81.67 Pig Sus scrofa 111,390,199,027 3.17 69.80 Feral deer species in Australia Feral deer 79,439,434,290 20.74 49.78 Brown Rat, Norway Rat Rattus norvegicus 53,476,035,196 28.14 33.51 Goat Capra hircus 42,336,103,125 1.98 26.53 Horse Equus caballus 22,555,115,056 1.52 14.13

Other invasive fauna % of Common name Scientific name Area of zone (m2) % of zone** total distribution* House Sparrow Passer domesticus 159,583,247,416 5.40 99.99 Common Starling Sturnus vulgaris 159,581,663,196 7.39 99.99 Rock Pigeon, Rock Dove, Columba livia 155,885,703,391 6.12 97.68 Domestic Pigeon Spotted Turtle-Dove Streptopelia chinensis 145,551,994,754 17.47 91.20 European Goldfinch Carduelis carduelis 134,428,286,181 14.99 84.23 Common Myna, Indian Myna Acridotheres tristis 119,804,919,089 23.16 75.07 Mallard Anas platyrhynchos 99,274,592,090 14.03 62.20 Cane Toad Rhinella marina 85,648,676,475 4.43 53.67 Nutmeg Mannikin Lonchura punctulata 78,165,524,541 29.43 48.98 Common Blackbird, Turdus merula 74,668,211,932 8.16 46.79 Eurasian Blackbird Red-whiskered Bulbul Pycnonotus jocosus 44,593,932,381 55.96 27.94 Skylark Alauda arvensis 33,992,120,366 5.27 21.30 Asian House Gecko Hemidactylus frenatus 20,261,986,987 9.00 12.70 Eurasian Tree Sparrow Passer montanus 13,179,310,954 4.75 8.26 European Greenfinch Carduelis chloris 3,915,492,265 1.98 2.45 Flowerpot Blind Ramphotyphlops Snake, Brahminy Blind 2,544,808,700 4.46 1.59 braminus Snake, Cacing Besi * % of the total national distribution of the invasive species found within the zone. ** % of the total zone area that the invasive species is likely or known to occur in.

40 / Conservation Management Zones of Australia, Eastern Australia Temperate and Subtropical Forests Invasive flora % of Common name Scientific name Area of zone (m2) % of zone** total distribution* Blackberry, Rubus fruticosus 129,848,088,906 15.58 81.36 European Blackberry aggregate Lantana, Common Lantana, Kamara Lantana, Large-leaf Lantana, Pink Flowered Lantana, Lantana camara 109,868,594,388 23.34 68.84 Red Flowered Lantana, Red-Flowered Sage, White Sage, Wild Sage Fireweed, Senecio Madagascar Ragwort, 96,050,387,072 65.54 60.18 madagascariensis Madagascar Groundsel Salvinia, Giant Salvinia, Aquarium Watermoss, Salvinia molesta 94,562,337,540 31.08 59.25 Kariba Weed Salix spp. except Willows except Weeping S.babylonica, Willow, Pussy Willow 92,965,915,116 14.11 58.25 S.x calodendron and Sterile Pussy Willow & S.x reichardtii Chilean Needle grass Nassella neesiana 67,019,646,317 25.56 41.99 Chrysanthemoides Bitou Bush, Boneseed 56,903,114,248 80.14 35.65 monilifera Bridal Creeper, Bridal Veil Creeper, Smilax, Florist’s Asparagus asparagoides 53,652,608,454 6.53 33.62 Smilax, Smilax Asparagus Prickly Pears Opuntia spp. 53,027,032,154 13.97 33.23 Cabomba, Fanwort, Carolina Watershield, Fish Grass, Washington Cabomba caroliniana 51,245,140,270 53.66 32.11 Grass, Watershield, Carolina Fanwort, Common Cabomba Serrated Tussock, Yass River Tussock, Yass Tussock, Nassella trichotoma 49,315,418,193 17.03 30.90 Nassella Tussock (NZ) Alternanthera Alligator Weed 49,309,849,470 64.21 30.90 philoxeroides Water Hyacinth, Water Eichhornia crassipes 46,970,100,758 50.00 29.43 Orchid, Nile Lily Broom, English Broom, Scotch Broom, Cytisus scoparius 45,493,951,235 19.09 28.51 Common Broom, Scottish Broom, Spanish Broom Madeira Vine, Jalap, Lamb’s-tail, Mignonette Vine, Anredera, Gulf Anredera cordifolia 42,811,999,608 45.95 26.83 Madeiravine, Heartleaf Madeiravine, Potato Vine Chrysanthemoides Bitou Bush monilifera 37,476,841,162 55.84 23.48 subsp. rotundata

41 / Conservation Management Zones of Australia, Eastern Australia Temperate and Subtropical Forests Invasive flora % of Common name Scientific name Area of zone (m2) % of zone** total distribution* Parthenium Weed, Parthenium Bitter Weed, Carrot 31,730,335,526 5.34 19.88 hysterophorus Grass, False Ragweed Gorse, Furze Ulex europaeus 28,704,633,941 7.21 17.99 Delta Arrowhead, Arrowhead, Sagittaria platyphylla 28,455,774,278 33.69 17.83 Slender Arrowhead Cat’s Claw Vine, Yellow Trumpet Vine, Dolichandra 22,849,064,152 40.22 14.32 Cat’s Claw Creeper, unguis-cati Funnel Creeper Asparagus Fern, Ground Asparagus, Basket Fern, Sprengi’s Fern, Asparagus aethiopicus 21,947,852,124 70.97 13.75 Bushy Asparagus, Emerald Asparagus African Boxthorn, Boxthorn Lycium ferocissimum 21,254,923,677 4.04 13.32 Chrysanthemoides Boneseed 19,639,950,056 6.17 12.31 monilifera subsp. monilifera Climbing Asparagus-fern, Protasparagus plumosus 15,470,790,635 47.6 9.69 Ferny Asparagus Climbing Asparagus-fern Asparagus plumosus 15,470,790,635 47.6 9.69 Hymenachne, Olive Hymenachne, Hymenachne Water Stargrass, 14,059,277,352 6.23 8.81 amplexicaulis West Indian Grass, West Indian Marsh Grass Rubber Vine, Rubbervine, India Rubber Vine, Cryptostegia grandiflora 13,850,670,463 2.04 8.68 India Rubbervine, Palay Rubbervine, Purple Allamanda Montpellier Broom, Cape Broom, Canary Genista monspessulana 11,994,838,519 8.05 7.52 Broom, Common Broom, French Broom, Soft Broom Mesquite, Algaroba Prosopis spp. 11,200,098,865 1.89 7.02 Silver Nightshade, Silver-leaved Nightshade, White Horse Nettle, Silver-leaf Nightshade, Tomato Weed, White Solanum elaeagnifolium 10,702,084,944 7.16 6.71 Nightshade, Bull-nettle, Prairie-berry, Satansbos, Silver-leaf Bitter-apple, Silverleaf-nettle, Trompillo Parkinsonia, Jerusalem Thorn, Parkinsonia aculeata 10,352,633,030 0.65 6.49 Jelly Bean Tree, Horse Bean Climbing Asparagus, Asparagus africanus 5,561,162,007 44.92 3.48 Climbing Asparagus Fern

42 / Conservation Management Zones of Australia, Eastern Australia Temperate and Subtropical Forests Invasive flora % of Common name Scientific name Area of zone (m2) % of zone** total distribution* Asparagus Fern, Asparagus scandens 4,280,466,017 22.23 2.68 Climbing Asparagus Fern Athel Pine, Athel Tree, Tamarisk, Athel Tamarisk, Athel Tamarix, Desert Tamarix aphylla 4,131,683,031 0.59 2.59 Tamarisk, Flowering Cypress, Salt Cedar Prickly Acacia, Blackthorn, Prickly Mimosa, Vachellia nilotica 2,422,585,958 0.44 1.52 Black Piquant, Babul Flax-leaved Broom, Mediterranean Genista linifolia 2,246,364,301 5.49 1.41 Broom, Flax Broom Prickly Pears Cylindropuntia spp. 1,128,745,260 1.80 0.71 Pond Apple, Pond-apple Tree, Alligator Apple, Bullock’s Heart, Annona glabra 33,622,937 0.10 0.02 Cherimoya, Monkey Apple, Bobwood, Corkwood Acacia Prickly Acacia May be present May be present May be present nilotica subsp. indica Radiata Pine Monterey Pine, Pinus radiata May be present May be present May be present Insignis Pine, Wilding Pine Genista sp. X Broom May be present May be present May be present Genista monspessulana

* % of the total national distribution of the invasive species found within the zone. ** % of the total zone area that the invasive species is likely or known to occur in.

It should be noted that the identification of any given invasive species above does not imply that the species is found uniformly across the Conservation Management Zone. The % of the zone area (**) indicates how common or rare the species may be within the zone. For more information on invasive species please refer to: http://www.environment.gov.au/topics/biodiversity/invasive-species

43 / Conservation Management Zones of Australia, Eastern Australia Temperate and Subtropical Forests Vegetation profiles and management recommendations

Vegetation extent information and species lists contained in the vegetation profiles are based on analysis from the National Vegetation Information System (NVIS), including analysis of Major Vegetation Subgroups and NVIS Level V descriptions. Please see http://www.environment.gov.au/node/18930 for more information.

The management recommendations have been drawn from EPBC Act Recovery Plans, EPBC Act Ecological Communities Listing Advice and other sources. The recommendations are indicative only. Systematic reviews of management literature, consultation processes and improved Natural Resource Management program monitoring and evaluation will support development of a comprehensive set of management recommendations over time.

44 / Conservation Management Zones of Australia, Eastern Australia Temperate and Subtropical Forests Eucalyptus woodlands with a tussock grass understorey vegetation profile

Change in extent

38.2%

19.55% Remaining

Commonly found species within this community 7.5% Eucalyptus crebra; Eucalyptus populnea; Corymbia citriodora; Corymbia gummifera; Eucalyptus blakelyi; Eucalyptus tereticornis; Angophora floribunda; Eucalyptus melanophloia;

Bursaria spinosa; Leptospermum trinervium; Persoonia levis; -1750 Pre

Lomatia silaifolia; Microlaena stipoides; Themeda triandra; esent day Lomandra longifolia; forb; tussock grass. Pr

Management recommendations

Protection Sustainable Rehabilitation Fire Wildlife Weed Feral Disease Agricultural Management Management Management Animal Management Practice Management

Purchase high Limit and exclude Do not plant trees/ Negotiate fire Maintain and protect Mow/slash Control feral grazers Manage contributors quality remnants grazing during drought shrubs into good management paddock trees, as sporadically and in (deer, rabbits, goats) to dieback, such as or when native ground condition sites, they provide linkages into reservation and protocols with within the landscape a mosaic pattern and erect fences over-populations of cover is in flower or which should be encourage uptake seed (Spring/Summer). local fire brigades for wildlife. in late summer where appropriate leaf eating insects, of conservation capable of natural in relation to or autumn. (e.g. of stock dams, through weed Graze 3-days on; If few mature trees with agreements regeneration. establishing individual guards management in 28-days Planting disturbs hollows are present, and covenants fire control lines. provide both bird and Hand pulling, for targeted plants). surrounding areas. off in Summer; compositional on private land. 7-days on, arboreal mammal spot spraying and 56-days off in balance and natural nesting boxes. Monitor weed wiping Control feral Maintain autumn and winter. succession patterns. these regularly for are appropriate predators including pest species such as buffers of native Maintain 80% Plant native, Noisy Miners and weed control foxes, dogs, cats vegetation around groundcover; indigenous species Indian Mynas. measures. and pigs. remnants. 10cm sward height only if the site shows minimum at all times. If fallen timber has no signs of natural been removed Prevent weed Do not push fallen Prevent firewood Fence outside canopy regeneration. Plant from remnant sites, introduction through timber into stacks or collection and dripline of paddock trees and shrubs at add coarse woody adopting good windrows as these bush rock removal. trees to allow the same density debris (e.g. recycled hygiene measures provide shelter for regeneration. evident in local, untreated timbers) and minimising foxes, rabbits to provide habitat. Retain standing Avoid cultivation, good quality grassy soil disturbance. and cats. dead trees and ripping, excavation, woodland sites. Likewise, if bush rock fallen timber. and herbicide has been previously Don’t stockpile and pesticide Use high removed from quality seed, of remnants, seek advice topsoil within Do not application in, or near, remnants. local provenance about suitable artificial remnant areas. permit commercial if possible. alternatives. Bush rocks apiarists to place bee Do not divert run-off provide critical habitat into remnant areas. Don’t allow the hives within 3km for a range of reptiles remnant to become that are critical for the of the remnant. Avoid soil compaction from overly shrubby. food chain. vehicles/machinery Monitor and manage or stock camps. densities of Eastern Grey Kangaroos.

45 / Conservation Management Zones of Australia, Eastern Australia Temperate and Subtropical Forests Eucalyptus open forests with a grassy understorey vegetation profile

Change in extent

7.9%

5.8% 66.23% Remaining

Commonly found species within this community Eucalyptus moluccana; Corymbia citriodora; Eucalyptus albens; Eucalyptus pilularis; Eucalyptus tereticornis; Acacia aulacocarpa; Alphitonia excelsa; Jacksonia scoparia;

Themeda triandra; Imperata cylindrica; Cymbopogon -1750 Pre refractus; Bothriochloa decipiens; Entolasia stricta; Dianella esent day caerulea; Lomandra longifolia; tussock grass. Pr

Management recommendations

Protection Sustainable Rehabilitation Fire Wildlife Weed Feral Disease Agricultural Management Management Management Animal Management Practice Management

Protect remnants from clearing.

Protect hollow-bearing trees.

Protect standing dead trees.

Do not allow removal of fallen timber and bush rock.

46 / Conservation Management Zones of Australia, Eastern Australia Temperate and Subtropical Forests Eucalyptus open forests with a shrubby understorey vegetation profile

Change in extent

13.1%

11.7%

89.49% Remaining

Commonly found species within this community Eucalyptus siderophloia; Eucalyptus sieberi; Eucalyptus deanei; Angophora leiocarpa; Lophostemon confertus; Leptospermum brevipes; Acacia aulacocarpa; Acacia

irrorata; Alphitonia excelsa; Dodonaea viscosa; Themeda -1750 Pre triandra; Imperata cylindrica; Cymbopogon refractus; esent day Lepidosperma laterale; tussock grass; sedge. Pr

Management recommendations

Protection Sustainable Rehabilitation Fire Wildlife Weed Feral Disease Agricultural Management Management Management Animal Management Practice Management

Protect remnants from clearing.

Protect hollow-bearing trees.

Protect standing dead trees.

Do not allow removal of fallen timber and bush rock.

47 / Conservation Management Zones of Australia, Eastern Australia Temperate and Subtropical Forests Eucalyptus (+/- tall) open forest with a dense broad-leaved and/or tree-fern understorey (wet sclerophyll) vegetation profile

Change in extent

7.9%

5.8% 72.87% Remaining

Commonly found species within this community Eucalyptus siderophloia; Lophostemon confertus; Eucalyptus grandis; Eucalyptus salign; Eucalyptus microcorys; Neolitsea dealbata; Corymbia intermedia; Eucalyptus propinqu; Caldcluvia paniculosa;

Pittosporum undulatu; Caldcluvia paniculosa; Synoum glandulosum; -1750 Pre

Livistona australis; Doryphora sassafras; Breynia oblongifolia; esent day Lomandra longifolia; Lepidosperma laterale; Pteridium esculentum; Pr Imperata cylindrica; Ottochloa gracillima; rush; fern; tussock grass.

Management recommendations

Protection Sustainable Rehabilitation Fire Wildlife Weed Feral Disease Agricultural Management Management Management Animal Management Practice Management

Purchase remnants Reduce spray Ensure local flora Natural fire Ensure chemicals or into reservation. drift in adjacent species are planted intervals are likely other mechanisms paddocks. for any revegetation to be several used to eradicate Fence remnants and recovery actions. decades to a few weeds do not have and manage public Encourage wise hundred years. an adverse affect access (especially water usage Re-introduce on remnants. near residential in adjacent habitat features Repeated hazard areas). Exclude access lands to ensure (e.g. rocks, logs) at reduction burns or of vehicles and trail water tables are disturbed sites. too-frequent wildfire bikes for recreational not affected. impact on vegetation use, and keep pets health and on leashes. Implement stock regeneration management capacity. Do not allow removal plans for roadside of fallen timber, verges and Provide maps of bush rocks and crown land where remnants to local leaf litter. grazing is and state Rural permitted. Fire Services. Avoid mowing/ slashing of Manage fuel loads in understorey surrounding areas, to promote to minimise the risk regeneration of of inappropriate native species. fire regimes affecting remnants.

48 / Conservation Management Zones of Australia, Eastern Australia Temperate and Subtropical Forests Tropical or sub-tropical rainforest vegetation profile

Change in extent

5.5%

48.07% Remaining 2.7%

Commonly found species within this community Araucaria cunninghamii; Argyrodendron trifoliolatum; Waterhousea floribunda; Baloghia inophylla; Acmena smithii; Choricarpia subargente; Dissiliaria baloghioides;

Livistona australis; Pittosporum undulatum, tree-fern; -1750 Pre

Notelaea venosa; Clerodendrum tomentosu; Adiantum esent day formosum; Asplenium attenuatum; Pellaea; Doodia asper; Pr fern; tussock grass.

Management recommendations

Protection Sustainable Rehabilitation Fire Wildlife Weed Feral Disease Agricultural Management Management Management Animal Management Practice Management

Encourage uptake Ensure that livestock Increase connectivity Discourage the use Implement of conservation are excluded from between remnants. of fire as a means to staged removal of agreements remnants, through control lantana or camphor laurel and covenants exclusion fencing or Plant local other weeds in or (Cinnamomum on private land. other barriers. indigenous rainforest near to rainforest camphora). species, especially remnants. Create buffer zones Ensure nearby key canopy Avoid clearing of native vegetation eucalypt plantations tree species. Plantations also camphor laurel using around remnants do not impact on increase wildfire heavy machinery. that are adjacent groundwater potentials. to development/ supplies. Remnants can be Monitor for early agricultural areas. better protected weed detection if surrounded by and eradication. Fence off remnants buffers of indigenous that are adjacent plantings (with to residential areas canopy, midstorey and limit access for and understorey vehicles and pets. species).

Protect fallen timber, Ensure that paddock trees managed fires and, and large trees. where possible, wildfires do not Purchase remnants enter buffer zones into reservation to around remnants. increase connectivity.

49 / Conservation Management Zones of Australia, Eastern Australia Temperate and Subtropical Forests Eucalyptus woodlands with a shrubby understorey vegetation profile

Change in extent

5.2%

60.12% 3.2% Remaining

Commonly found species within this community Eucalyptus rossii; Eucalyptus crebra; Eucalyptus gummifera; Eucalyptus racemosa; macrorhyncha; Corymbia trachyphloia; Allocasuarina littoralis; eptospermum sp; Leptospermum

trinervium; Banksia spinulosa; Entolasia stricta; Microlaena -1750 Pre stipoides; Aristida queenslandica; Melichrus urceolatus; Monotoca esent day scoparia; Themeda triandra; Imperata cylindrica; Echinopogon Pr caespitosus; Lomandra multiflora;tussock grass; fern.

Management recommendations

Protection Sustainable Rehabilitation Fire Wildlife Weed Feral Disease Agricultural Management Management Management Animal Management Practice Management

Encourage uptake Manage grazing Encourage natural of conservation practices regeneration agreements including avoiding through fencing and and covenants on high-intensity stock management. private land. set stocking. Replant vegetation Do not allow removal Avoid fertiliser drift using locally-sourced of fallen timber from adjacent crops seed. and bush rocks. and pastures.

Fence paddock trees to enable natural regeneration. Construct artificial shade for stock.

50 / Conservation Management Zones of Australia, Eastern Australia Temperate and Subtropical Forests Notes

51 / Conservation Management Zones of Australia, Eastern Australia Temperate and Subtropical Forests Notes

52 / Conservation Management Zones of Australia, Eastern Australia Temperate and Subtropical Forests Notes

53 / Conservation Management Zones of Australia, Eastern Australia Temperate and Subtropical Forests ALC100.0915