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Eastern Australia Temperate and Subtropical Forests

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Eastern Australia Temperate and Subtropical Forests Conservation Management Zones of Australia Eastern Australia Temperate and Subtropical Forests Prepared by the Department of the Environment Acknowledgements This project and its associated products are the result of collaboration between the Department of the Environment’s Biodiversity Conservation Division and the Environmental Resources Information Network (ERIN). Invaluable input, advice and support were provided by staff and leading researchers from across the Department of Environment (DotE), Department of Agriculture (DoA), the Commonwealth Scientific and Industrial Research Organisation (CSIRO) and the academic community. We would particularly like to thank staff within the Wildlife, Heritage and Marine Division, Parks Australia and the Environment Assessment and Compliance Division of DotE; Nyree Stenekes and Robert Kancans (DoA), Sue McIntyre (CSIRO), Richard Hobbs (University of Western Australia), Michael Hutchinson (ANU); David Lindenmayer and Emma Burns (ANU); and Gilly Llewellyn, Martin Taylor and other staff from the World Wildlife Fund for their generosity and advice. Special thanks to CSIRO researchers Kristen Williams and Simon Ferrier whose modelling of biodiversity patterns underpinned identification of the Conservation Management Zones of Australia. Image Credits Front Cover: Wilson River, Willi Willi National Park – Copyright Shane Ruming Page 4: George Boyd Lookout, Morton National Park – J Yurasek/OEH Page 10: Bouddi National Park – J Yurasek/OEH Page 15: Eastern Bristle Bird (Dasyornis brachypterus), Booderee National Park – Copyright Craig Pattison/OEH Page 17: Fleay’s Frog (Mixophyes fleayi) – Froggydarb Page 19: Koala (Phascolarctos cinereus) – Tourism Australia Page 22: Tiger Quoll, Spotted-tail Quoll (Dasyurus maculatus macultatus), Featherdale – Joshua Cunningham Page 24: Urumbilum River, Bindarri National Park – Copyright Shane Ruming Page 25: Brush-tailed Rock-wallaby (Petrogale penicillata) – Piers Thomas/OEH Page 31: Dorrigo National Park – R Cleary Seen Australia/OEH Page 33: Sydney Harbour National Park – D Finnegan/OEH Page 44: Diamond Python (Morelia spilota) – D Finnegan/OEH Page 45: Eucalyptus woodlands with tussock grass (alluvial woodland), Western Sydney – Mike Cufer/OEH Page 46: Eucalyptus open forests with a grassy understorey (grey gum-ironbark) – John Baker Page 47: Eucalypt open forests with a shrubby understorey (Robertson basalt forest) – H Achurch/OEH Page 48: Eucalyptus open forest (wet sclerophyll) – Michael Jarman/OEH Page 49: Tropical or sub-tropical rainforest, Ulidarra National Park – R Cleary Seen Australia/OEH Page 50: Eucalyptus woodlands with a shrubby understorey, Munmorah State Conservation Area – Murray Fagg Back Cover: Wilson River, Willi Willi National Park – Copyright Shane Ruming © Commonwealth of Australia, 2015. The Conservation Management Zones of Australia profile is licensed by the Commonwealth of Australia for use under a Creative Commons By Attribution 3.0 Australia licence with the exception of the Coat of Arms of the Commonwealth of Australia, the logo of the agency responsible for publishing the report, content supplied by third parties, and any images depicting people. For licence conditions see here. Conservation Management Zones of Australia, Eastern Australia Temperate and Subtropical Forests Contents Acknowledgement of Traditional Owners and Country ����������������������������������������������2 Introduction ��������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������2 Zone at a glance ������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������3 Population characteristics �������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������6 Employment, volunteering and incomes �������������������������������������������������������������������������9 Agriculture, Natural Resource Management practices and sources of NRM advice ��������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������11 Land tenure, land use, Native Title and Local Government Areas ������������������������� 13 Zone vegetation characteristics����������������������������������������������������������������������������������������� 16 Ramsar and Nationally Important Wetlands������������������������������������������������������������������ 18 World and National Heritage ���������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������� 20 Major National Reserve System properties �������������������������������������������������������������������� 21 EPBC Act (1999) threatened ecological communities �������������������������������������������������23 EPBC Act (1999) threatened species ���������������������������������������������������������������������������������25 EPBC Act (1999) migratory species ������������������������������������������������������������������������������������ 32 Threatened endemic species ����������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������34 Invasive species ����������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������40 Vegetation profiles and management recommendations ���������������������������������������44 Conservation Management Zones of Australia, Eastern Australia Temperate and Subtropical Forests Acknowledgement of Traditional Owners and Country The Australian Government acknowledges Australia’s Traditional Owners and pays respect to Elders past and present of our nation’s Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander communities� We honour the deep spiritual, cultural and customary connections of Traditional Owners to the Australian landscape, including Australia’s waterways, land and sea country� Introduction The 23 Conservation Management Zones of Australia are geographic areas, classified according to their ecological and threat characteristics. The zones are also aligned with the Interim Biogeographic Regionalisation of Australia. The Conservation Management Zones provide a way of understanding Australia’s natural environment that will assist in long-term conservation planning and help the Australian Government to better design, deliver and report on Natural Resource Management (NRM) investments, including ensuring alignment of national NRM priorities with local action. The Conservation Management Zones also provide a filter through which to make national environmental and socio-economic data more accessible and comprehensible, and a framework for gathering on-ground knowledge and expertise about the environment. This will improve information flow to the Australian Government about regional NRM requirements, best practice management, emerging NRM issues and knowledge gaps. The Conservation Management Zones do not represent any change to existing administrative boundaries or governance structures, but aim to support the NRM and wider community to cooperatively manage environmental assets across boundaries, where they share common threats, ecological characteristics and stakeholders. Each Conservation Management Zone profile contains a standard suite of nationally available ecological and socio-economic information. We hope that this information will enable Australians of all ages and backgrounds to engage with, understand and appreciate Australian landscapes, and support all Australians to manage our natural resources more effectively. The profile information provides an indicative, high-level stock-take of the environmental and socio-economic landscape and it is not intended to be comprehensive. It should also be noted that, at present, the profiles contain only limited information on aquatic ecosystems, coastal assets and Indigenous land management practices. In future, consultation and comprehensive literature reviews will enable us to provide more complete information. 2 / Conservation Management Zones of Australia, Eastern Australia Temperate and Subtropical Forests Zone at a glance Area of zone: Population density: 15,959,455 hectares % of Australia: 34.82 people 2.07% per square kilometre Zone population characteristics Zone employment characteristics 6,000,000 5,273,893 4.6% 5,000,000 4,000,000 3,000,000 Number of people 2,000,000 1,000,000 0 Total er 65 Ov a second language English as 95.4% Indigenous outh (15–24) Y Employed Unemployed Source: Based on Australian Bureau of Statistics data 3 / Conservation Management Zones of Australia, Eastern Australia Temperate and Subtropical Forests Major cities and towns Population Top five agricultural commodities Value (millions) Brisbane 2,189,878 Beef $738 Central Coast 297,735 Gold Coast – Tweed Vegetables for consumption $524 590,889 Heads (NSW & QLD) Poultry $419 Newcastle-Maitland 418,958 Dairy $353 Sydney 4,667,283 Nurseries and cut flowers $322 Wollongong 282,099 Total value of agricultural commodities (including other $3,049 commodities not listed here) Regional centres Population Armidale 19,380 Ballina 15,957 Climate characteristics* Bowral-Mittagong 36,402 Mean annual temperature 16 Celsius Cessnock 20,012 Mean Maximum of the Hottest Month 27.7 Celsius Coffs Harbour 45,603 Mean Minimum of the Coldest Month 3.1 Celsius Forster-Tuncurry 18,911 Mean Annual Rainfall 1017.1 mm Grafton 16,585 Lismore 27,481 Dominant rainfall season Summer Morisset-Cooranbong 16,921 * The figures are interpolated 75-year means (1921 to 1995) representing the period prior to the
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