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United States National Museum 11 U563 CRLSSI U. S. NATIONAL MUSEUM BULLETIN 163 PLATE 1 Military Officers' Swords. Period of the Revolution 1, Owned by Brig. Gen. Richard Montgomery (p. 16); 2, owned by Gen. George Washington (p. 15); 3, owned by an unknown officer (p. 18). SMITHSONIAN INSTITU UNITED STATES NATIONA'KImUSEUM Bulletin 163 AMERICAN AND EUROPEAN SWORj THE HISTORICAL COLLECTIONS OF THE UNITED STATES NATIONAL MUSEUM BY THEODORE T. BELOTE Curator of History, Uiiited States National Museum UNITED STATES GOVERNMENT PRINTING OFFICE WASHINGTON : 1932 For sale by the superintendent of documents. Washington, d. c. ADVERTISEMENT The scientific publications of the National Museum include two series, known, respectively, as Proceedings and Bulletin. The Proceedings series, begun in 1878, is intended primarily as a medium for the publication of original papers, based on the collec- tions of the National Museum, that set forth newly acquired facts in biology, anthropology, and geology, with descriptions of new forms and revisions of limited groups. Copies of each paper, in pamphlet form, are distributed as published to libraries and scientific organi- zations and to specialists and others interested in the different subjects. The dates at which these separate papers are published are recorded in the table of contents of each of the volumes. The series of Bulletins^ the first of which was issued in 1875, con- tains separate publications comprising monographs of large zoologi- cal groups and other general sj^stematic treatises (occasionally in several volumes), faunal works, reports of expeditions, catalogues of type specimens and special collections, and other material of similar nature. The majority of the volumes are octavo in size, but a quarto size has been adopted in a few instances in which large plates were regarded as indispensable. In the Bulletin series appear volumes under the heading Gontrihutions from the United' States National Her-bariwn^ in octavo form, published by the National Museum since 1902, which contain papers relating to the botanical collections of the Museum. The present work forms No. 163 of the Bulletin series. Alexander Wetmore, Assi^tavt Secretary. Smithsonian Institution. Washington, D. C, June U, 1932. n CONTENTS Page Introduction ._ 1 Aims of work 1 Historical classification of military and naval swords ._ ._ 3 Nomenclature of the sword 4 Development of the American military sword ._._._ 6 Evolution of American sword designs 7 Manufacturers of American swords 9 Development of the American naval sword _._._ 11 Development of the European sword ._ 11 Sources of information on swords and their owners 13 Part 1: American Swords 15 Military swords, 1750 to 1800 15 Swords of English design 15 Swords owned by— Plate Gen. George Washington 1 15 Maj. Gen. Richard Montgomery 1 16 Col. Jonas Johnston ._._._ 18 Brig. Gen. Daniel Roberdeau 2 19 Col. Robert Dodge 2 19 Brig. Gen. John Cropper 2 20 An unknown officer 3 20 Maj. Jacob Morris 3 21 Sword presented by Congress to Col. Return Jonathan Meigs- 3 22 Officers ' sabers of the Revolution ._._ 23 Saber owned by Lieut. Benjamin Mooers ._ 3 24 Hessian sabers of the Revolution 24 Saber owned by Col. William Dudley 9 24 Military swords, 1800 to 1830 26 Swords made by Nathan Starr & Son 4 26 Swords owned by Col. Herman Gansevoort 4 26 Officer's sword of about 1800 4 27 Officers' swords, 1800 to 1825 5,6 27 Presentation sword of Maj. Gen. Jacob Brown 6 30 Presentation sword of Maj. Gen. Eleazer W. Ripley 6 31 Sabers of early nineteenth century 32 Saber owned by Capt. Mordecai Myers 9 33 Dragoon sabers of German type 7 34 Dragoon sabers made by Nathan Starr 7,8 34 Dragoon officers' sabers, 1820 to 1830 8 35 Militia officers' sabers .. .. 9,10 35 Military swords, 1830 to 1850 37 General officers' swords ._ 37 Swords from the Alfred F. Hopkins collection 11 38 Sword owned by Maj. Gen. Alexander Macomb 11 38 Sword owned by Bvt. Maj. Gen. Thomas Swords 11 39 Staff and line officers' swords ._ ._ 11 40 IV BULLETIN 16 3, UNITED STATES NATIONAL MUSEUM Military swords, 1830 to 1850—Continued. Plate Page Engineer Corps officers ' swords 40 Swords owned b}^ Maj. Gen. George B. McClellan 12 40 Medical staff swords 12 40 Paymaster Corps swords ._ 41 Infantry officers ' swords, 1840 to 1850 13, 14 41 Sword owned bj^ Lieut. Baldwin J. Crosswait 13 42 Foot Artillery swords, 1830 to 1850 - 15 42 Dragoon sabers, 1833 to 1840 16 42 Mounted Artillery sabers, 1840 to 1850 16 43 Saber owned by Capt. Seth B. Thornton ._ 16 44 Cavalry sabers, 1840 to 1850 17 44 Saber owned by Bvt. Brig. Gen. William H. Browne 17 44 Saber owned by Lieut. Baldwin J. Crosswait 17 45 Presentation swords, 1835 to 1850 45 Swords owned by— Col. Stephen H. Long 6 45 Maj. Gen. George B. McClellan 12 46 Maj. Gen. John B. Magruder 18 47 Maj. Gen. Edward Johnson 18 48 Brig. Gen. Gabriel R. Paul 19 49 Brig. Gen. James Shields 19 50 Capt. Louis LeClerc 18 51 Brig. Gen. George W. Morgan ._ ._ 9 52 Military swords, 1850 to 1870 53 Foot officers' swords, model of 1850 53 From the Alfred F. Hopkins collection ._ ._ 20 53 Sword owned by Maj. Gen. Henry W. Lawton 20 54 Field officers' swords, model of 1850 55 Swords owned bt— Bvt. Brig. Gen. William H. Browne and Maj. Gens. Winfield S. Hancock and Henry W. Lawton 20 55 Brig. Gen. George W. Morgan 55 Brig. Gen. Strong Vincent 56 Staff officers' swords, model of 1860 57 Swords owned by— Maj. Gen. John R. Brooke 21 57 Lieut. Col. Julius P. Garesche 21 58 Brig. Gen. Rufus King 58 Maj. Gen. George B. McClellan 21 59 Bvt. Maj. Gen. Randolph B. Marcy 59 Maj. Gen. Frank Wheaton 60 Medical officer's sword owned by Dr. N. P. Munroe 12 61 Civil War Artillery sabers 22 61 Saber owned by Bvt. Brig. Gen. Henry S. Gansevoort 61 Civil War Cavalry sabers 22 62 Sabers owned by— Maj. Gen. John R. Brooke, Lieut. C. W. Bryandt, and Brig. Gen. H. S. Gansevoort 22 62 Maj. Gen. Judson Kilpatrick ._ 62 Maj. Gen. George B. McCleUan 22 63 Col. Emeric Szabad 63 Maj. Gen. C. C. Washburne 22 63 Lieut. William Wheelan 22 64 CONTENTS Military swords, 1850 to 1870—Continued. Plate Noncommissioned officer's sword owned by Lieut. Charles R. Carville 14 64 Confederate States swords 65 Foot officers' swords ._._._ 23 65 Artillery officer's saber 22 65 Cavalry officers' sabers 23 66 Presentation swords, 1861 to 1865 — .-.- 66 Swords owned by— Gen. Ulysses S. Grant 24 67 Maj. Gen. John R. Brooke 69 Maj. James S. Crall 24 70 Col. H. R. Eddy 24 71 Capt. A. H. Foster 24 72 Maj. Gen. Wiufield Scott Hancock 25 72 Brig. Gen. John P. Hatch 24 73 Brig. Gen. Marcus La Rue Harrison 24 74 Brig. Gen. Rufus King 25 74 Maj. Gen. Judson Kilpatrick 25 75 Maj. Gen. Henry W. Lawton 24 76 Maj. Gen. George B. McClellan 25 77 Brig. Gen. Gabriel Rene Paul 25 78 Gen. Philip H. Sheridan 25 78 Gen. WiUiam T. Sherman 25 80 Bvt. Lieut. Col. Augustus G. Tassin 26 81 Maj. Gen. Frank Wheaton 26 81 Military swords, 1870 to 1925 83 General and staff and line officers' swords, and cadet swords, 1873 to 1902 26 83 Artillery officers' sabers 26 85 Cavalry officers' sabers .-.- 27 86 Enlisted men's Cavalry sabers, 1912 86 AU officers' sabers, 1 902 86 Saber owned by Maj. Gen. Leonard Wood ._ 27 87 Sabers owned by Lieut. Gen. Samuel B. M. Young 27 88 Presentation swords, 1881 to 1901 89 Swords owned by— Maj. Gen. Winfield S. Hancock 26 89 Maj. Gen. Nelson A. Miles 26 89 Maj. Gen. John R. Brooke 26 90 American naval swords, 1800 to 1900 91 Naval swords, 1800 to 1850 92 Swords from the Hopkins and Elliott collections 28 92 Sword owned by Dr. Ninian Pinkney 28 93 Sword owned by Commodore Samuel Woodhouse 29 94 Naval cutlasses, 1800 to 1840 29 94 Naval swords, 1850 to 1900 95 Swords owned by— Rear Admiral Charles Wilkes 29 95 Lieut. Samuel Howard 29 96 Engineer Thomas Chase 30 97 Lieut. Commander T. B. M. Mason 30 97 Rear Admiral Winfield S. Schley 32 97 98 Rear Admiral Charles D . Sigsbee 30 Rear Admiral John W. Philip 30 VI BULLETIN 16 3, UNITED STATES NATIONAL MUSEUM American naval swords, 1800 to 1900—Continued. Plate Page Naval cutlasses, 1840 to 1865 100 Marine Corps swords 100 Sword owned by Capt. Frank M. Munroe 30 101 Noncommissioned officers' swords 30 101 Confederate naval officer's sword 102 Naval presentation swords 102 Swords owned by— Commodore Thomas Macdonough 31 102 Midshipman James M. Baldwin 31 103 Rear Admiral William B. Shubrick 31 104 Rear Admiral Stephen D. Trenchard 106 Lieut. Commander George F. Morrison 107 Admiral David G. Farragut 31 108 Rear Admiral Charles Wilkes 31 108 Rear AdmiralJohn W. Philip 32 109 Rear Admiral Winfield S. Schley 31, 32 110 Commander Harry H. Hosley 32 112 Mexican sword owned by Maj. Gen. C. F. Humphrey 113 Venezuelan sword owned by Gen. Jose A. Paez 44 113 Part 2: European Military and Naval swords 117 English swords 117 Eighteenth century hangers 33 117 Eighteenth century colichemardes 33 118 Eighteenth century small swords 118 Eighteenth century military swords 34 119 Early nineteenth century sabers 34 119 Sword owned by Brig. Gen. Peter Gansevoort, jr 34 120 Military officer's sword of about 1830 34 120 Sword of Gen.
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