TIE GRASSES OF CENTRAL AMERICA

By A. S. Hitchcock

INTRODUCTION

Until the present century very few collections of plants were made

in Central America and until recently little has been written on the grasses of that region. Panama was visited by some of the earlier

expeditions sent out to study the flora of divers parts of the world.

Among these was the voyage of the Herald. Seamann's account of

the botany of this voyage included a flora of the Isthmus of Panama.

The Biologia Centrali-Americana by Godman and Salvin included

an account of the botany by Hemsley. In this work there are no

detailed descriptions, and the grasses listed are mainly from Mexico.

The collections of Heyde and Lux, of Thieme, and of John Don-

nell Smith in Guatemala, and of Pittier and his colleagues in Costa

Bica, yielded many grasses. Hackel described many new species

from these collections, and a smaller number were described by Vasey and by Scribner. Various parts of Central America have been visited

during the present century by American botanists. Of special im-

portance, aside from the collections mentioned above, are those made by Paul C. Standley, who visited Panama, Costa Rica, El Salvador,

and Honduras. Mr. Standley has published a part of the results of

his explorations in Central America in his account of the Flora of

the Panama Canal Zone.1 The writer visited Panama, Costa Rica,

Nicaragua, El Salvador, Honduras, and Guatemala, in 1911, collect-

ing only grasses. The collections now in the United States National

Herbarium are large and may be said to be fairly representative of

Central America, although there is comparatively little material from

British Honduras. However, there are large areas, especially in

Honduras and Nicaragua, into which no botanist has penetrated.

The amount of material at hand is thought, nevertheless, to be

sufficient to warrant the publication of a paper on the grasses.

1 Contr. U. S. Nat. Herb, 27: 1-416. pis. 1-67. figs. 1-7. 1028.

557 558 CONTRIBUTIONS FROM THE NATIONAL HERBARIUM

Central America as here understood includes Panama and the

Canal Zone, Costa Rica, Nicaragua, El Salvador, Honduras, Guate-

mala, and British Honduras.

Central America consists of a central elevated region with low-

lands along the two coasts. The mountainous part includes a few

high peaks reaching an elevation of 3,500 meters or more. The

chief peaks from which we have collections of plants are the vol-

canoes Agua in Guatemala, Irazu and Poas in Costa Rica, and

Chiriqui in Panama. The flora of the summits of these peaks is

high-temperate but scarcely alpine. So far as concerns the grasses

the flora of the elevated interior is in the main an extension of that of

the Mexican plateau. The coastal region on the Pacific side is much

drier than that on the Atlantic side. It possesses a well-marked dry

season, as a result of which there are extensive "savannas," grassy

treeless plains and hills, extending from Panama to Mexico. The

Atlantic coastal region receives an abundance of rain and for the

most part supports a tropical rain forest.

The synonymy given is intended to include species described from

Central America and names in general use. It is intended also to

include names used for species in Hemsley (Biologia Centrali-Ameri-

cana, mentioned above); in Nash (North American Flora); and in

recent revisions of genera, in so far as reference is made to Central

America.

The names of the genera are in accord with the list of Nomina

Conservanda appended to the International Rules of Nomenclature.

DESCBIPTIVE LIST WITH KEYS

POACEAE

Flowers perfect (rarely unisexual), small, with no distinct perianth, ar-

ranged in spikelets consisting of a shortened axis (rachilla) and 2 to

many 2-ranked bracts, the lowest two being empty (the glumes, rarely one

or both of these obsolete), the one or more succeeding ones (lemmas) bearing

in their axils a single flower, and, between the flower and the rachilla, a

second 2-nerved bract (the palea), the lemma, palea, and flower together eon-

stitnting the floret; stamens 1 to 6, usually 3, with very delicate filaments and

2-celled anthers; pistil 1, with a 1-celled- l-ovuled ovary, 2 (rarely 1 or 3)

styles, and usually plumose stigmas; fruit a caryopsis with starchy endosperm

and a small embryo at the base on the side opposite the hilum.

Herbs, or rarely woody plants, with usually hollow stems (culms) closed at

the nodes, and 2-ranked parallel-veined leaves, these consisting of 2 parts,

the sheath, enveloping the culm, its margins overlapping or sometimes grown

together, and the blade, usually flat; at the junction of the two on the inside,

a membranaceous hyaline or hairy appendage (the ligule).

The spikelets are almost always aggregate In spikes or panicles at the ends

of the main culms or branches. The perianth is usually represented by 2

(rarely 3) smull hyaline scales (the lodicules) at the base of the flower inside HITCHCOCK—THE GRASSES OF CENTRAL AMERICA 559

the lemma and palea. The grain or caryopsis (the single seed and the adherent pericarp) may be free, as in wheat, or permanently inclosed in the lemma and palea, as in the oat. Rarely the seed is free from the pericarp, as in species of

8porobolus and Elevsine. The culms of bamboos are woody, as are also those of a few genera, such as Oiyra and La&iacis, belonging to other tribes- The culms are solid in our species of the tribes Tripsaceae and Andropogoneae, in some species of Aristida, Sporobolus, and Muhlenbergia, and in a few other genera.

The parts of the spikelet may be modified in various ways. The first glume* and more rarely also the second, may be wanting. The lemmas may contain no flower, or even no palea, or may be reduced or rudimentary.

Most of the genera of grasses fall naturally into one of the two series or subfamilies. The remaining few are rather arbitrarily assigned to one or the other series. In the same manner, most of the genera may be assembled into distinct and well-marked tribes. Several, however, are not closely allied to the other genera in the tribe to which they are assigned, but are so placed for convenience in classification.

KEY TO THE TBIBE8

Series I. POATAE

Spikelets 1 to many-flowered, the reduced florets, if any, above the perfect florets (except in Pbalarideae; 1 or more sterile lemmas below in Bambuseae and in Uniola); articulation usually above the glumes.

Plants woody, low or tall shrubs, often clambering, rarely tall trees. Spikelet*

1 to many-flowered, 1 to several sterile lemmas below the perfect one.

BAMBUSEAE (p. 560).

Plants herbaceous (somewhat woody in Arundo).

Stigmas 3. Stamens 6; spikelets 1-flowered.

Lemma with a long, much-contorted awn—6. STREPTOCHAETA (p. 572).

Lemma awnless 63. PHARTXS (p. 618).

Stigmas 2.

Spikelets with 2 staminate, neuter, or rudimentary lemmas unlike and below

the fertile lemma; no sterile or rudimentary florets above

PHALABIDEAE (p. 563).

Spikelets without sterile lemmas below the perfect floret or these rarely

present and like the fertile ones.

Spikelets unisexual, 1-flowered. Plants monoecious.

Stamens numerous; spikelets in groups of 6 in a spike,

26. PARIAN A (p. 586).

Stamens 6; spikelets single in a panicle ZIZANIEAE (p. 564).

Spikelets perfect (rarely unisexual, but then not as above), usually

articulate above the glumes.

Spikelets articulate below the glumes, 1-flowered, very flat, the lemma

and palea about equal, both keeled; glumes small or wanting.

ORYZEAE (p. 568).

Spikelets articulate above the glumes (rarely below, but the glumes,

at least one, well developed).

Spikelets 1-flowered in groups (short spikes) of 2 to 5, the groups

racemose along a main axis, falling entire; lemma and palea

thinner than the glumes TRAGEAE (p. 562). 560 CONTRIBUTIONS FROM THE NATIONAL HERBARIUM

Spikelets not as above.

Spikelets sessile on a usually continuous rachis (short-pedicel late

in Leptoohloa).

Spikelets on opposite sides of the rachis; spike terminal, single,

HOBDEAE (p. 562).

Spikelets on one side of the rachis; spikes usually more than

1, digitate or racemose CHLORIDEAE (p. 563).

Spikelets pedicellate in open or contracted, sometimes spikelike,

panicles.

Spikelets 1-flowered AGROSTIDEAE (p. 562).

Spikelets 2 to many-flowered.

Glumes as long as tlie lowest floret, usually as long as the

spikelet; lemmas awtied from the hack,

AVENEAE (p. 562).

Glumes shorter than the lowest floret; lemmas awnless or

awned from the tip or from a bifid apex. (See also

Trisetum pringlei) FESTUCEAE (p. 561).

Series 2. PANICATAE

Spikelets with 1 perfect terminal floret (disregarding the few monoecious genera and the staminate and neuter spikelets) and a sterile or staminate floret below, usually represented by a sterile lemma only, 1 glume sometimes

(rarely both glumes) wanting; articulation below the spikelets (except in

Mellnideae) either in the pedicel, in the rachis, or at the base of a cluster of

spikelets, the spikelets falling entire, either singly, in groups, or together with joints of the rachis; spikelets, or at least the fruits, more or less dor sally com- pressed. (Isaohne has 2 perfect florets.)

Glumes membra na ceous; fertile lemma and pa lea indurate or at least as firm

as the glumes; sterile lemma like the glumes in texture.

Fertile lemma and palea scarcely firmer than the glumes; lower floret stami-

nate or neuter, awnless, the perfect floret awned (except in Melinia).

MELINIDEAE (p. 564),

Fertile lemma and palea indurate or sublndurate, usually much firmer than

the glumes; perfect floret usually awnless PANICEAE (p. 564).

Glumes indurate; fertile lemma and palea hyaline or membranaceous, the sterile

lemma like the fertile one in texture.

Inflorescence not monoecious, the fertile spikelets perfect, each usually paired

with a sterile sptkelet ANDROPOGONEAE (p. 566).

Inflorescence monoecious, the pistillate spikelets below, the staminate above

on the same rachis TRIPSACEAE (p. 567).

KEY TO THE GENE&A

1. BAMBUSEAE

Stamens 6. Spikelets several-flowered.

Keels of palea winged 2. GUADUA (p. 568).

Keels of palea projecting but not winged 1. BAMBUSA (p. 567).

Stamens 3.

Spikelets with 1 perfect floret and 2 sterile lemmas below.

5. CHUSQUEA (p. 569). HITCHCOCK—THE GRASSES OF CE5TTBAL AMERICA 561

Spikelets with more than 1 perfect floret.

Sterile lemmas none; plants shrubby or arborescent.

3. ARUNDINARIA (p. 568).

Sterile lemmas 1 or 2; plants high climbing.

4. ABTHROSTYLIDIUM (p. 569).

2. FESTUCEAE

Lemmas or rachilla with long silky hairs as long as the lemmas (staminate

spikelets glabrous in Oynerium) ; tall stout reeds (Cortaderia a lower

bunch grass).

Blades crowded at the base of the culms 16. CORTADERIA (p. 581).

Blades distributed along the culms.

Spikelets unisexual; plants dioecious; culms very tall, short-jointed.

17. GYNERIUM (p. 582).

Spikelets perfect; plants moderately tall.

Lemmas hairy; rachilla naked 14. ARUNDO (p. 581).

Lemmas naked; rachilla hairy 15, PHRAGMITES (p. 581).

Lemmas and rachilla sometimes pubescent but not bearing long silky hairs.

Blades broad, ovate or elliptic, showing transverse veins between the nerves.

Spikelets 3 to 5 flowered, only the lowest floret perfect; glumes broad,

truncate; panicles small 22. ZEUGITES (p. 584).

Spikelets 1 or 2 flowered, the second floret commonly obsolete, only the

elongate rachilla present; glumes acuminate; panicle large, diffuse.

21. ORTHOCLADA (p. 583).

Blades linear, no prominent transverse veins.

Spikelets of 2 forms, sterile and fertile intermixed; panicle dense, golden-

yellow, somewhat 1-sided 19. LAMARCKIA (p. 582).

Spikelets all alike in the same inflorescence.

Spikelets in 1-sided dense clusters, these at the ends of a few stiff

panicle branches 18. DACT7LIS (p. 582).

Spikelets not in 1-sided clusters.

Stigmas elongate, wiry, coiled, tendril-like. Spikelets in a long, 1-sided

raceme 20. STREPTOGYNE (p. 583),

Stigmas not elongate nor wiry.

Lemmas 3 nerved, the palea usually persistent.

12. ERAGROSTIS (p. 576).

Lemmas 5 to many nerved, the nerves sometimes obscure.

Spikelets with 1 to 4 empty lemmas below the fertile florets, large

and very flat 13. UNIOLA (p. 580).

Spikelets with no empty lemmas below the fertile ones.

Lemmas as broad as long, the margins outspread; florets closely

Imbricate, horizontally spreading 11. BRIZA (p. 576).

Lemmas longer than broad, the margins clasping the palea;

florets not horizontally spreading.

Lemmas' awnless, acutish, keeled 10. POA (p. 575).

Lemmas awned or, if awnless, rounded on the back.

Spikelets terete, short-pedlceled along the main axis form-

ing a simple raceme 8. BRACHYPODITJM (p. 573).

Spikelets laterally compressed in an open or condensed

panicle.

Awn from between 2 short teeth; lemmas strongly

keeled 7. BROMUS (p. 573).

Awn terminal or wanting; lemmas rounded on tlie

back 9. FESTUCA (p. 573). 562 CONTRIBUTIONS FROM THE NATIONAL HERBARIUM

3. HORDEAE

Spikelets unisexual, the plants dioecious, the staminate spikelets many-flowered

In a spike, the pistillate single or in clusters 25. JOUVEA (p. 585).

Spikelets perfect.

Spikelets placed edgewise to the rachis 24. LOLIUM (p. 586).

Spikelets placed flatwise to the rachis 23. TR1TICU1C (p. 584).

4. AVENEAE

Spikelets 2 flowered, the lower floret perfect, awnless, the upper floret staminate,

bearing a hookliKe dorsal awn 29. HOLCUS (p, 588).

Spikelets 2 to 5 flowered, the florets all fertile.

Plants perennial; glumes less than 1 cm. long 27. TRISETUM (p. 586).

Plants annual; glumes more than 1 cm. long 28. AVENA (p. 588).

5. AGROSTIDEAE

Rachllla articulate below the glumes, the spikelet deciduous.

Glumes awned 33. POLYPOGON (p. 502),

Glumes awnless 32. CINNA (p. 591).

Rachllla articulate above the glumes.

Fruit Indurate, terete, nerveless, the callus sharp-pointed.

Awn trifid (the lateral awns short or obsolete in 3 species).

40. ARISTIDA (p. 599).

Awn simple 39. STIPA (p. 599).

Fruit thin or firm but scarcely indurate, if firm the nerves evident; callus

not well developed.

Perfect spikelet surrounded by several sterile spikelets In the form of

bristles or delicate bracts 34. PEREILEMA (p. 592).

Perfect spikelet not accompanied by sterile spikelets.

Rachllla prolonged behind the palea 30. CALAMAGROSTIS (p. 588).

Rachilla not prolonged.

Lemma shorter than the glumes, thin and delicate.

31. AGROSTIS (p. 590).

Lemma as long as or longer than the glumes, not more delicate than

these.

Lemma awned, the awn dorsal, geniculate.

30. TRINIOCHLOA (p. 595).

Lemma awnless, or, if awned, the awn not dorsal and geniculate.

Lemma awnless, obtuse or acutish; 1 glume, sometimes both

glumes, shorter than the lemma—38. SPOROBOLUS (p. 596).

Lemma awned from the tip or awnless, if awnless the lemma

acuminate, usually longer than the glumes.

35. MUHI.ENBERGIA (p. 593).

Lemma awned from below the tip, or aypiless; glumes equal and

about as long as the lemma 37. EPICAMPES (p. 595).

6. TRAGEAE

Spikelets with 3 long awns much exceeding the body of the spikelet.

44. FOURNIERA (p. 604).

Spikelets awnless or short-awned, in clusters of 2 to 5.

Spikelets 8 or 4 together, each group surrounded by an indurate pitcher-

shaped false involucre formed by the first glume of each spikelet.

41. ANTHEPHORA (p. 603). HITCHCOCK—THE GRASSES OP CENTRAL AMERICA 563

Spikelets not surrounded by an involucre.

Clustecs erect, the spike not 1-sided 42. HILARIA (p. 003).

Clusters nodding along one side of a delicate axis.

43. AEGOFOGON (p. 603).

7, CHLOBIDEAE

Spikes more or less digitate,

Spikelets 1-flowered the rachilla prolonged as an inconspicuous bristle.

49. CTNODON (p. 607).

Spikelets with 1 perfect floret and 1 or more rudimentary florets.

54. CHLOBIS (p. 609).

Spikelets 3 to several-flowered.

Bachis prolonged beyond the spikelets.

48. DACTYLOCTENITTM (p. 606).

Bachis not prolonged 47. ELEUSINE (p. 606).

Spikes solitary or racemoseiy arranged.

Spikes solitary.

Spikelets 1-flowered, awnless 52. HICBOCHLOA (p. 608).

Spikelets with 1 perfect floret and 1 or more sterile florets, long awned.

51. CTENIUM (p. 60S).

Spikes several.

Spikelets 1-flowered, the rachilla not prolonged—50. SPABTINA (p. 607).

Spikelets more than 1-flowered or the rachilla prolonged,

Fertile florets at least 2.

Lemmas awnless or short-awned; upper floret reduced to a small

awnless lemma 45. LEFTOCHLOA (p. 604).

Lemmas with awns as long as the body; upper floret reduced but

awned 46. GOUINIA (p. 605).

Fertile floret 1, with a rudiment above.

Spikes long and slender 53. GYMNOPOGON" (p. 608).

Spikes short and thick, or the spikelets closely arranged.

Spikes oblong or linear; spikelets several to many In each spike.

55. BOUTELOUA (p. 611).

Spikes triangular, rather distant along the main axis; spikelets

2 or 3 to each spike.

Spikelets 2, one of them reduced to a cluster of awns; sterile

floret 1 57. FENTABRHAPHIS (p. 614).

Spikelets 3, the lateral stamlnate or rudimentary, smaller than

the terminal; sterile florets 2 or more.

56. CATHESTECUM (p. 613).

8. PHALABTDEAE

Lower florets staminate; spikelets brown and shining.

58. HIEBOCHLOfi (p. 614.)

Lower florets neuter; spikelets green or yellowish.

59. ANTHOXAKTHTm (p. 614).

9. OB7ZEAE

Glumes minute; lemma often awned 60. OBTZA (p. 615).

Glumes wanting; lemma awnless 61. LEEBSXA (p. 615). 564 CONTRIBUTIONS PROM THE NATIONAL HERBARIUM

10. ZIZANIEAE

A single genus In our area 62. LTTZIOLA (p. 616).

11. MEUNIDEAE

Sterile lemma awned 64. MELINIS (p. 617).

Sterile lemma awnless, the fertile lemma awned.

65. ABUNDINELLA (p. 618).

12. FAN1CEAE

Spikelets unisexual; the plants monoecious.

Panicles large (small in 0. lateralis), terminal on the culms or leafy branches,

the pistillate spikelets above, the stamlnate below in the same panicle.

92. OLYBA (p. 683).

Panicles all axillary or axillary and terminal, the terminal when present

wholly stominate.

Fruit laterally compressed, conspicuously gibbous on tbe upper dorsum.

93, LITHACHNE (p. 684).

Fruit dorsally compressed, lanceolate 94. BADDIA (p. 684).

Spikelets perfect.

Axis thickened and corky, the spikelets sunken in cavities in its joints, these

disarticulating at maturity 69. STENOTAPHBTTM (p. 622).

Axis not thickened, the spikelets not sunken in it.

Spikelets subtended or surrounded by 1 or more bristles or spines (sterile

branch lets), these distinct or more or less connate at base, forming

a false involucre.

Bristles persistent; spikelets deciduous.

Sterile palea at maturity becoming cartilaginous and winged, much

exceeding the spikelet in width; spikelets secund along the branches

of a simple panicle, each subtended by a single viscid bristle.

89. XXOFHOBUS (p. 678).

Sterile palea not enlarged at maturity; subtending bristles 1 to many.

88. SETABIA (p. 673).

Bristles falling with the spikelets at maturity.

Bristles not united at base, usually slender, sometimes plumose.

90. PENNISETUM (p. 678).

Bristles more or less united at the base forming a bur.

91. CENCHBUS (p. 681).

Spikelets not subtended or surrounded by bristles.

Glumes or sterile lemma awned (awn reduced to a point in JBohinO'

chloa colonum, hidden in the hairs of the spikelet in Tricholoena).

Inflorescence of 1-sided racemes along a common axis.

Blades lanceolate, broad and thin; glumes 2-lobed, awned from

between the lobes 84. OPLISMENUS (p. 669).

Blades long and narrow; glumes awned from the tip.

85. ECHINOCHLOA (p. 670).

Inflorescence paniculate.

Spikelets long-silky. First glume minute.

87. TBICHOLAENA (p. 672).

Spikelets not silky, with a long-pointed callus at base.

86. CHAETIUM (p. 672).

r HITCHCOCK—THE GRASSES OF CENTRAL AMERICA 505

Glumes and lemmas awnless.

Lower floret of the spikelet perfect, usually fruitful. Spikelets small,

turgid, obtuse 83. ISACHNE (p. 668).

Lower floret staminate or neuter,

Spikelets in open or condensed panicles.

Spikelets globose, oblique on the pedicels. Culms usually woody.

79. LASIACIS (p. 662).

Spikelets usually not globose, not oblique on the pedicels.

Fertile lemma with wings or broad scars at base; glumes often

somewhat caudate 78. ICHNANTHUS (p. 661).

Fertile lemma not winged nor broadly scarred at base.

First glume wanting 66. LEPTOCORYPHIUM (p. 619).

First glume present.

Fruit indurate, its margins inrolled. First glume usually

shorter than the spikelet 77. PANICTJM (p. 646).

Fruit cartilaginous or mewbranaceous, the margin not

inrolled.

First glume as long as the spikelet.

82. HOMOLEFIS (p. 668).

First glume shorter than the spikelet. Panicles elon-

gate.

Second glume inflated-saccate; blades narrow, linear,

not cordate-clasping_80. SACCIOLEFIS (p. 667).

Second glume not inflated-saccate; blades broad, cor-

date-clasping 81. H7SLENACHNE (p. 667).

Spikelets in 1-sided racemes, the racemes digitate or racemose.

Rachilla joint and adnatc rudimentary first glume forming a

swollen ringlike callus at the base of the spikelet.

73. ERIOCHLOA (p. 625).

Rachilla joint not forming a ringlike callus.

Blades ovate-lanceolate; racemes loose; mature spikelets bur-

like with hooked hairs.

71. FSEUDECHINOLAENA (p. 624).

Blades linear to lanceolate.

First glume wanting (present in a few species of foapofw*).

Spikelets in 2 to 4 rows in close 1-sided racemes.

Spikelets placed with the back of the fertile lemma (hence

the second glume) turned away from the rachls.

75. AXONOPTTS (p. 626).

Spikelets (or the primary one of a pair) placed with the

back of the fertile lemma (hence the second glume)

turned toward the rachis—76. FASPALTJM (p. 620).

First glume present (obscure or wanting in Thrasya and

species of Diffitaria).

Spikelets placed with the first glume toward the rachis.

Spikelets in close 1-sided racemes.

Racemes several 74. BRACHIARIA (p. 626).

Racemes solitary, spikelike.

Racemes erect, the rachis slender; spikelets swollen

on the side toward the rachis and fitting into

alternate hollows _78. MESOSETT7M (p. 624).

Racemes curved, the rachis broad-winged; spikelets

not fitting into hollows 70. THRASYA (p. 623). 666 CONTRIBUTIONS PROM THE NATIONAL HERBARIUM

Spikelets placed with the first glume away from the rachis.

Racemes loose, in a flabellate panicle; spikelets con-

spicuously silky 67. TRICHACHNE (p. 619).

Racemes close, 1-sided, solitary, digitate or racemose.

Racemes racemosely arranged on the irfain axis.

77. PANICUM (p. 046).

Racemes digitate or fascicled, rarely solitary

68. DIGITARIA (p. 620).

13. ANDROFOGONEAE

Spikelets all perfect.

Inflorescence of solitary racemes at the ends of the branches.

98. POLYTRIAS {p. 686).

. Inflorescence of 2 to several digitate racemes 109. ISCHAEMTTM (p. 098).

Inflorescence a dense or somewhat open woolly, white or pinkish panicle.

Rachls continuous, the spikelets falling; spikelets of the pair unequally

pedicellate 05, IMPERATA (p. 985).

Rachis breaking up into joints at maturity with the awnless spikelets

attached; one spikelet sessile, the other pedicellate.

96. SACCHARUM (p. 686).

Spikelets not all perfect, the sessile usually perfect, the pedicellate usually

stamlnate or rudimentary (perfect In Erioohrysis).

Pedicel thickened, appressed to the thickened rachis joint (at least parallel

to it) or adnate to it; spikelets awnless, appressed to the joint.

Rachis joint and pedicel adnate, forming a short flat joint, this sunken in

the open side of the globose first glume of the sessile spikelet; sterile

spikelet conspicuous 110. HACKELOCHLOA (p. 698).

Rachis joint and pedicel distinct, the sessile spikelet appressed to them, its

first glume lanceolate.

Racemes subcylindric; rachis joints and pedicels glabrous, much

thicker at the summit, the spikelets sunken in the hollow below;

sterile spikelet rudimentary 111. ROTTBOELLIA (p. 699).

Racemes fiat; rachis joints and pedicels woolly, not much thicker at the

summit; sterile spikelet stamlnate or neuter.

108. ELYOITURUS (p. 697).

Pedicel not thickened (if slightly so the spikelets awned), neither appressed

nor adnate to tlie rachis joint, this usually slender; spikelets usually

awned.

Fertile spikelet with a hairy-pointed callus, formed of the attached sup-

porting rachis joint or pedicel; awns strong. (See also Hyparrhenia

ruprechtii.)

Primary spikelet subsessile, sterile, persistent on the continuous axis

after the fall of the fertile pedicellate spikelet, the pedicel forming

the callus 107. TRACHYPOGON (p. 697).

Primary spikelet sessilo, fertile; pedicellate spikelet sterile; lower few

to several pairs of spikelets all staminate or neuter.

106. HETEROPOGON (p. 696).

Fertile spikelet without a callus, the rachis disarticulating immediately

below the spikelet; awn slender or wanting.

Inflorescence a dense golden-brown silky panicle; spikelets awnless, the

pedicellate one perfect 97. ERIOOHRYSIS (p. 686). HITCHCOCK—THE GRASSES OF CENTRAL AMERICA 567

Inflorescence not a dense golden-brown silky panicle; pedicellate Bpikelet

staminate or rudimentary.

Racemes reduced to one. or few joints, these mostly peduncled in a

subsimple or compound panicle.

Pedicellate spikelets staminate 104. SORGHUM (p. 685).

Pedicellate spikelets wanting, the pedicel only present.

105. SORGHASTRTTM (p. 695).

Racemes of several to many joints, solitary, digitate, or aggregate.

Inflorescence an elongate panicle of whorled long-peduncled slender

glabrous racemes; spikelets muricate, awn less.

103. VETIVERIA (p. 694).

Inflorescence not a panicle of long-peduncled racemes; spikelets not

muricate; racemes often conspicuously woolly.

Margins of the first glume of the sessile spikelet involute, the

sides rounded instead of sharply keeled.

102. HTPARRHENIA (p. @93).

Margins of the first glume of the sessile spikelet inflexed, the

glume sharply 2-keeIed, the back flat or grooved between the

keels.

Pedicellate spikelets much larger than the sessile, almost con-

cealing them, the first glume large and flat; racemes solitary

on the branches 100. DIECTOMIS (p. 692).

Pedicellate spikelets sometimes as large as the sessile, usually

smaller, the first glume not large and flat.

Racemes in pairs subtended or inclosed by a broad spathe,

aggregate in large compound panicles, the lowest pair of

spikelets of one of the racemes alike, staminate or neuter.

Aromatic grasses 101. CYMBOPOGON (p. 692).

Racemes single, in pairs, digitate, or numerous, sometimes

supported by spathes; lowest pairs of spikelets like the

upper, one fertile and sessile, the other pedicellate, stami-

nate or reduced 99. ANDROPOGON (p. 687).

14. TRIP5ACEAE

Staminate and pistillate spikelets in separate inflorescences, the first in a

terminal tassel, the second in the axils of the leaves.

Pistillate spikes distinct, the spikelets embedded in the hardened rachis, this

disarticulating at maturity 114. EUCHLAENA (p. 701).

Pistillate spikes grown together forming an ear, the grains at maturity much

exceeding the glumes 115. ZEA (p. 702),

Staminate and pistillate spikelets in separate portions of the same spike, the

pistillate below.

Spikes short, the 1 or 2 flowered pistillate portion inclosed In a beadlike

sheathing bract 113. COIX (p. 701).

Spikes many-flowered, the pistillate portion breaking up into several l-seeded

joints; no beadlike sheathing bract 112. TRIPSACTTJff (p. 700).

DESCRIPTIVE LIST

1. BAHBTXSA Retz. 01)3- Bot, 5: 24. 1789. [As Bam bos]

Spikelets several to many-flowered, sessile, solitary or In clusters on an elongate axis or the branches of a panicle, the glumes and sterile lemmas per-

61564—30 2 568 CONTRIBUTIONS FROM THE NATIONAL HERBARIUM

slstent after the fall of the florets; glumes small; lemmas firm, sharp-pointed

or awn-tipped; keels of palea projecting but not winged; stamens 6. Large

usually erect bamboos of the Old World. Species about 30.

1. Bambusa vulgaris Schrad.; Wendl. Coll. PI. 2: 26, pi. 4?. 1808.

The common large bamboo of Asia is cultivated in tropical America at low

altitudes. It grows in large erect clumps 10 meters or more in height, the

culms 10 cm. in diameter. The culms are at first green but turn yellow. The

branches are not spiny. One variety, B, vulgaris striata (Ladd.) Gamble, has

culms striped green and yellow.

A second species (B. tuma Roxb. Fl. Ind. 2: 199. 1832) is sometimes culti-

vated for hedges. It is an erect delicate species 2 or 3 meters tall when un-

trimmed, with glaucous foliage, the distichous blades 1 to 3 cm. long.

2, GUADTTA Kunth, Syn. PI. Aequin. 1: 252. 1822

Spikelets several-flowered, subterete; stamens 6; keels of palea winged.

Usually tall bamboos, often spiny. Species about 15, Mexico to Brazil.

1, Guadua aculeata Rupr.; Fourn. Compt. Rend. Acad. Sci. (Paris) 84: 198.

1877.

Sterile specimens from Guatemala, Honduras, and Panama appear to be this

species. Culms as much as 13 meters tall and 10 cm. in diameter, the branches

spiny.

3. ARUNDINARIA Michx. Fl. Bor. Amer. 1: 73. 1803

Spikelets few to many-flowered, usually large, compressed or sometimes terete,

the rachilla disarticulating above the glumes and between the florets; glumes

unequal, shorter than the lemmas, the first sometimes wanting; lemmas acute

or acuminate or mucronate, faintly many-nerved; palea nbout as long as the

lemma, prominently 2-keeled. Shrubs or tall reeds, with woody perennial

branching culms, flat blades with petioles articulate with the sheaths, and

loose racemes or panicles. Species probably 50 or more, in the Tropics of both

hemispheres.

Inflorescence a large, open, diffuse panicle 1. A. viscosa.

inflorescence a zigzag raceme 2. A. standleyi.

1. Arundinaria viscosa Hitchc. Proc. Biol. Soe. Washington 40: 79. 1927.

Culms erect, rather slender, 2 to 4 meters tall, mottled with purple, more or

less branched below; blades 10 to 20 cm. long, 3 to 5 cm. wide, glabrous on the

upper surface, scaberulous and glaucous beneath, the petiole 2 to 3 mm. long;

panicle large and diffuse, 15 to 20 cm. long and about as wide, the branches and axis viscid, the branches solitary, *slender, spreading, the spikelets on the

branchlets of the third or fourth order; spikelets 1.5 to 2.5 cm. long, compressed,

3 to 6 flowered, mottled with purple, rather soft and papery; lemmas faintly

several-nerved, minutely pubescent, acute, awnless, 10 to 15 mm. long.

Costa Rica (type from the summit of Velirla del Copey); wet forests at 1,800 to 2,700 meters altitude, Costa Rica and Venezuela.

2. Arundinaria standleyi Hitchc. Proc. Biol. Soc. Washington 40: 79. 1927.

Culms glabrous, branching, slender, erect, pendent or procumbent, as much as 3 meters long, about 1.5 mm. thick; sheaths rather sparsely fimbriate at the throat; blades 8 to 12 cm. long, 1 to 2 cm. wide; racemes terminating short leafy branches, 5 to 8 cm. long, the rachis slender, strongly zigzag, mostly 1 to 1.5 cm. long, diverging sharply at the base of each spikelet; spikelets on very short pedicels, slender, terete, straight, 1 to 2 cm. long, less than 1 mm. wide, 4 to 8 HITCHCOCK—THE GRASSES OP CENTRAL AMERICA 569

flowered; lemmas minutely pubescent, 9-nerved, about 0 mm, long, narrowed to an obtuse point, awnless.

Costa Rica (type from Rio Navarro, Province of Cartago, 1,400 to 1,500 meters); wet forests.

4. ARTHROSTYLIDIUM Rupr. M&n. Acad. St. PStersb. VI, Sci. Nat.

31: 117. 1839

Spikelets few-flowered, in racemes, the lower 1 or 2 lemmas empty, the rachilla disarticulating between the florets (rarely below the glumes) ; stamens

3. Mostly climbing or trailing shrubs, the short fertile branches in fascicles on the main cane. Species about 30 in warm temperate and tropical regions.

Blades on fertile shoots 7 to 12 mm. wide 1. A. pittieri.

Blades on fertile shoots mostly less than 6 mm. wide.

Racemes 5 to 8 cm. long; spikelets appressed 2. A. racemiflorum.

Racemes mostly less than 2 cm. long; spikelets divergent 3. A. maxonii.

1. Arthrostylidium pittieri Hack. Oesterr. Bot Zeitschr. 53 : 75. 1904.

Main cane as much as 6 mm. in diameter; fertile shoots in dense fascicles, as much as 40 cm. long; sheaths glabrous, the summit naked or with a few bristles, the margin glabrous or nearly go; blades 7 to 12 cm. long, 7 to 12 mm. wide, glabrous, slightly pubescent beneath near base, scabrous on the margin; racemes pale, 1-sided, somewhat curved, 5 to 10 cm. long, closely flowered, the spikelets appressed, the rachis glabrous; spikelets 1.5 to 2 cm. long, with one sterile lemma, mostly 3 fertile florets, and a reduced floret above; first glume narrow, 2 to 3 mm. long, 1 to 3 nerved; second glume 4 mm. long, broad,

7-nerved; sterile lemma about 6 mm. long, about 9-nerved, mucronate or short- awned; fertile lemmas about 1 cm. long, short-awned.

Guatemala, Costa Rica (type from near San Jos6) ; wooded hillsides, up to

1,200 meters.

2. Arthrostylidium racemiflorum Steud. Syn. PL Glum. 1: 336. 1854.

Main cane up to about 6 mm. in diameter, as much as 5 meters long, climb- ing ; fertile shoots slender, 10 to 30 cm. long; blades on fertile shoots 5 to 7 cm, long, 4 to 6 mm. wide, somewhat glaucous beneath, densely pubescent beneath at base, sometimes minutely pubescent on the surfaces; racemes 5 to 8 cm. long, the spikelets appressed, the rachis pubescent; lemmas 7-nerved, 6 mm. long with an awn 1 to 2 mm. long; palea longer than the body of the lemma, strongly dilate on the keels.

Guatemala, El Salvador, Costa Rica, Panama; wooded slopes and moist thickets, at low and medium altitudes. Mfexico, whence the type, to Colombia. i

3. Arthrostylidium maxonii Hitchc. Proc. Biol. Soc. Washington 40; 80. 1927.

Main canes slender, erect or climbing, as much as 4 meters long; fertile shoots very slender, 10 to 20 cm. long; sheaths bearing at summit several slender bristles as much as 5 mm. long; blades delicate, 1 to 3 cm. long, about

3 mm. wide; racemes 1-sided, 1 to 1,5 cm, long, the spikelets almost sessile, divergent from the glabrous axis horizontally or nearly so, spikelets 8 to

10 mm. long, terete; fertile lemmas 2 or 3, acuminate but not awned, pubescent,

5-nerved.

Costa Rica (type from Santa Clara de Cartago, 1,950 meters) ; forested slopes.

5. CHUSQUEA Kunth, Syn. PI. Aequin. 1: 254. 1822

Spikelets terete or nearly so, with 2 small or minute (sometimes obsolete) glumes, and 2 sterile lemmas usually shorter than the single fertile floret. 570 CONTRIBUTIONS FROM THE NATIONAL HERBARIUM

Erect or climbing shrubs, the fertile shoots often in fascicles on the usually

slender main culm; the panicles usually condensed, sometimes spikelike, rarely

open. Species about 40, Mexico to Chile.

Panicle open, the spikelets on spreading pedicels 1. C. heydei.

Panicles narrow, more or less condensed.

Blades tesscllate-veined 8. C. subtessellata.

Blades not tessel late-veined or only slightly so.

Panicles 1 to 2 cm. long, usually reduced to a simple raceme of 1 to 4

spikelets 2. C. simpllciflora.

Panicles mostly more than 5 cm. long.

Glumes nearly obsolete; blades about 2 cm. wide and less than 10 cm.

long 3. C. virgata.

Glumes evident, as much as 0.5 mm. long; blades more than six times

as long as wide.

% Main branches of panicle spreading or ascending 4. C. tonduzii.

Main branches of panicle appre&sed, the panicle condensed.

Blades as much as 2 cm. wide; panicles usually more than 15 cm.

long 5. C. leh.man.nii.

Blades usually not more than 1 cm. wide; panicles usually less

than 15 cm. long.

Blades lanceolate, those of the fertile shoots 4 to 6 cm. long.

6. C. pittieri.

Blades linear-lanceolate, as much as 15 cm. long 7. C. serrulata.

1. Chusquea heydei Hitchc. Proc. Blol. Soc. Washington 40 : 80. 1927.

Central culm as much as 5 mm. in diameter; fertile shoots in fascicles on the

central culm, slender, 10 to 20 cm. long, the lower part with bladeless sheaths,

the upper part with one or two foliage leaves; blades of fertile shoots lanceo-

late, thin, 2 to 5 cm. long, 4 to 8 mm. wide; panicles ovoid, open, 6 to 8 cm.

long, the branches s:ngle, spreading, the spikelets on branches of second or

third order, all spreading; spikelets elliptic, strongly nerved, glabrous, 8 to 9

mm. long, about 2 mm. wide; fertile lemma acute, prominently 9-nerved.

Guatemala (type from Santa Rosa, 3,000 to 4,000 meters); also Mexico.

2. Chusquea simpliciflora Munro, Trans. Linn. Soc. 26: 54. 1868.

High climbing but slender, the main culm scarcely more than 2 mm. in di-

amet'er; fertile shoots fascicled on the ma'n culm, 5 to 15 cm. long; sheaths

finely fimbriate at summit; blades lanceolate, 2 to 6 cm. long, 5 to 10 mm. wide, glabrous, hirsutulous near base beneath; panicles short, usually a simple raceme of 1 to 4 spikelets, the angled axis glabrous; spikelets pale, soft, acute,

glabrous, 7 to 10 mm. long, the pedicels short; glumes minute, less than 1 mm. long; fertile lemma acuminate.

Guatemala (Cubllquitas) ; Costa Rica (Rio Naranjo) ; Panama (type from

" L'on Hill Station ") ; dense wet forest at low altitudes.

3. Chusquea virgata Hack, Oesterr. Bot. Zeitschr. 53: 156. 1903.

Central cane as much as 5 mm. in diameter; fertile shoots in fascicles on the* main cane, 25 to 30 cm. long; sheaths glabrous throughout or sometimes the

collar with a few cilia; blades lanceolate, rather firm, 5 to 7 cm. long, 1 to 2 cm. wide, glabrous, somewhat pilose near the base beneath; panicles narrow, virgatc, contracted, rather loosely flowered, 12 to 15 cm. long, the axis glabrous,

the branches appressed, these and the pedicels very slender, glabrous; spike- lets narrow, about 1 cm. long, glabrous, pale, divergent, somewhat curved, glumes minute, less than 0.5 mm. long, rounded; sterile lemmas about equal, HITCHCOCK—THE GRASSES OF CENTRAL AMERICA 571

less than half as long as the spikelet, acuminate but not awned; fertile lemma acute but not awned, the palea about as long.

Costa Rica, known only from San Marcos, 1,355 meters (the type), and

El Copey.

4. Chusquea tonduzii Hack. Oesterr. Bot. Zeitschr. 53: 155. 1903.

Climbing and straggling, the central cane as much as 4 mm. in diameter; fertile shoots fascicled on the main culm, 15 to 30 cm. long; sheaths glabrous except the ciliate margins and finely fimbriate summit; ligule 1 to 3 mm. long; blades of fertile shoots 10 to 15 cm. long, 10 to 12 mm, wide, glabrous, firm; panicles 10 to 15 cm. long, the branches ascending or somewhat spreading, as much as 5 cm. long, poriferous from base, the rachis and branches crisp- pubescent, terete or obtusely angled; spikelets more or less spreading, short- pediceled, glabrous, acute, brownish, 6 to 7 mm. long; glumes small, rounded, unequal, the second about 1 mm. long; sterile lemmas about half as long as the spikelet, pungently apiculate; fertile lemma awn-pointed, the palea a little longer, minutely pubescent on the keels.

Costa Rica, known only from the type collection, summit of Volcftn PoSs.

This species is close to O. scandens Kunth of Colombia to Peru, differing chiefly in the pubescent, scarcely angles axis of the panicle. Hackel describes the plant as being 30 to 50 cm. tall with a terminal panicle. His specimen was probably a single fertile shoot broken from a fascicle.

5. Chusquea lehmannii Pilger, Bot. Jahrb. Engler 27: 35. 1S99.

Chusquea pilgcri E. G, Camus, Bamb. Monogr. 83. 1913.

Plants erect or subscandent, as much as 7 meters tall, branching, the branches erect; sheaths glabrous or papillose; blades as much as 13 cm. long and 2 cm. wide, acuminate, cuneate at base, glabrous beneath, glabrous or scabrous on the upper surface; panicle narrow, elongate, as much as 30 cm. long, the branches appressed; spikelets appressed, about 7 mm. long; glumes short, about 1 mm. long; sterile lemmas half to two-thirds as long as the spikelet, apiculate, more or less pubescent; fertile lemma apiculate, pubescent toward the apex.

Costa Rica (Las Nubes, 1,500 to 1,900 meters; Volc&n de PofLs, 2,500 to 2,640 meters) ; wet forests. Also Colombia, whence the type.

6. Chusquea pittlerl Hack. Oesterr. Bot. Zeitschr. 53: 153. 1903.

Central culm as much as 4 mm. in diameter, glabrous; fertile shoots numer- ous in dense fascicles on the main culm, 10 to 20 cm. long, part of the shoots bearing foliage leaves, a part bearing sheaths only; sheaths glabrous, ciliate on the margin above, the summit more or less ciliate but scarcely fimbriate; ligule firm, about 1 mm. long; blades of fertile shoots firm, lanceolate, 4 to 6 cm. long, 6 to 8 mm. wide; panicles tawny, narrow, nearly simple, 3 to 6 cm. long, the rachis glabrous; spikelets about 1 cm. long, glabrous; glumes minute, less than 1 mm. long, firm, rounded or truncate, nerveless; sterile lemmas similar, membranaceous, apiculate, 7 to 9 nerved, half to two-thirds the length of the spikelet; fertile lemma firm, acute, apiculate, 11-nerved; palea nearly as long as the lemma.

Costa Rica (Cuesta de log Arrepentidos between San Marcos and Santa

Maria de Dota, 1,400 meters, the type).

7. Chusquea serrulata Pilger, Bot. Jahrb. Engler 25: 719. 1896.

Chusquea gpadicea Pilger, Bot. Jahrb. Engler 27: 35. 1899.

Central cane as much as 4 mm. In diameter, 3 to 6 meters tall; fertile shoots fascicled on the main cane, 20 to 40 cm. long; blades of fertile shoots narrow,

5 to 15 cm. long, 4 to 7 mm. wide; panicles narrow, condensed but scarcely spike- 572 CONTRIBUTIONS FEOM THE NATIONAL HERBARIUM *

like, mostly 7 to 10 cm. long, the rachis angled, glabrous; spikelets 10 to 12

mm. long; glumes glabrous, small, firm, rounded, somewhat unequal, 0.5 to 1

mm. long; first sterile lemma minutely puberulent, apiculate, about half as long

as the spikelet, the second similar, about as long as the spikelet; fertile lemma

firm, short-awned.

Costa Rica (Cerro de las Vueltas, 2,700 to 3,000 meters, Volcftn de Pofts,

1,700 meters) ; Panama, (Chiriquf Volcano, 1,300 to 2,500 meters); wet forest.

Also Colombia, whence the type.

8. Chusquea subtessellata Hitchc. Proc. Biol. Soc. Washington 40: 81. 1927.

Erect shrub 1 to 3 meters tall, the branches erect; sheaths pubescent, be-

coming glabrous; blades appressed, firm, linear lanceolate, as much as 10 cm.

long and 1 cm. wide, glabrous, tessellate-veined especially beneath, rounded

to a nearly sessile base, the apex acuminate to a firm rather rigid point, the

margin indurate and scabrous; panicles narrow, condensed, but scarcely spike-

like, 7 to 10 cm. long, dark purple, the rachis and appressed branches pubescent;

spikelets glabrous, 5 to 6 mm. long; glumes obtuse, the first 1 mm., the second

2 mm. long; sterile lemmas apiculate, 5-nerved, nearly as long as the epikelet;

fertile lemma apicnlato, obscurely 5-nerved, the palea a little shorter.

Costa Rica (Cerro de la Muerta, the type, and Cerro de las Vueltas, 2,700

to 3,000 meters), paramos. A third specimen Is doubtfully referred to this

species, Pittier 3000, from El Potrero Camp, Chiriquf Volcano, Panama, alti-

tude 2,800 to 3,000 meters. The panicles are less condensed, and the branches

less appressed.

The species is allied to C. teasellata Munro, but differs in the less spicate

inflorescence.

6. STREPTOCHAETA Schrad.; Nees, Agrost. Bra». 636. 1829

Spikelets 1-flowered, terete, disarticulating below the glumes; empty bractlets

(probably glumes and sterile lemmas) 4, much shorter than the spikelet, more

or less toothed; lemma coriaceous, gradually narrowed into a long much

contorted awn; palea shorter than the lemma, bifid nearly to the base, coria-

ceous; inner bracts (lodicules) 3, less coriaceous than the lemma, longer

than the palea, imbricate; stamens 6, monadelphous, the tube about as long as

the lemma; style 1, as long as the stamen tube, the slender stigmas 3. Broad-

leaved perennials with the spikelets in elongate spikes. The long contorted

awns are implicate, remaining attached at the apex of the axis, the spikelets

hanging down. Species 2, tropical America.

Spikelets, excluding awns, about 14 mm. long 1. S. sodiroana.

Spikelets, excluding awns, about 22 mm. long 2. S. spicata.

1. Streptochfteta sodiroana Hack. Oesterr. Bot. Zeltschr. 40: 113, 1890.

Culms about 1 meter tail; blades elliptic, tessellate, 15 to 20 cm. long, 6 to

7 cm. wide; spike many-flowered, dense, about 30 cm. long.

Honduras, Costa Bica, Panama; wet forest, at low altitudes. Also Ecuador, whence the type.

2. Streptochaeta spicata Schrad.; Neos, Agrost Bras. 537. 1829.

Lepidetlcma lancifolium Trin. M£m. Acad. St. P^tersb. VI. Math. Phys. Nat.

1: 93. 1830.

Differing from S. sodiroana in the few-flowered slender spike of larger spikelets.

Panama; wet forest at low altitudes. Trinidad to Ecuador and Brazil, whence the type.

4 HITCHCOCK—THE GRASSES OF CENTRAL AMERICA 573

7. BROMUS L. Sp. PI. 76. 1753. Bbouegbass

Spikelets several to many flowered, the rachilla disarticulating above the

glumes and between tbe florets; glumes unequal, acute, the first 1 to 3 nerved,

the second usually 3 to 5 nerved; lemmas convex on the back or keeled, 5 to

9 nerved, 2 toothed at the apex, awnless or usually awned from between tho

teeth; palea usually shorter than the lemma, ciliate on the keels. Annuals or

perennials with closed sheaths, flat blades, and open or contracted panicles of

large spikelets. Species about 100, in temperate regions.

First glume 1-nerved; lemma pubescent all over 1. B. exaltatus.

First glume 3-nerved; lemma pubescent on the margins, glabrous or scaber-

ulous on the back 2. B. laciniatus.

1. Bromus exaltatus Bernh. Linnaea 15: Litt. 90. 1841.

Slender perennial about 1 meter tall; blades flat, scabrous, 3 to 4 mm. wide,

panicles open, nodding, 10 to 15 cm. long, the slender branches drooping, naked

below, 3 to 5 cm. long, bearing 1 or 2 spikelets; glumes narrow, unequal, the

first 8 to 9 mm. long, 1-nerved or indistinctly 3-nerved; lemmas pubescent, about

1.5 cm. long, the awn 4 to 7 mm. long.

Guatemala {Volc&n de Agua, 3,500 meters), Panama (Chiriqui Volcano, 3,000

meters); paramos at high altitudes, Mexico, whence the type, to Panama.

2. Bromus laciniatus Beal, Grasses N. Amer, 2:615. 1896.

Bromus pendullnua Sess£; Lag. Gen. & Sp. Nov. 4. 1816. Not B. pendulinm.

Schrad. 1810.

Bromus proximus Shear, Bull. Torrey Club 28:245. 1901.

Similar to B. exaltatus; first glume distinctly 3-nerved; lemmas more or less

pubescent near the margin, glabrous or scaberulous on the back.

Guatemala, Costa Rica; grassy slopes at middle altitudes. Also Mexico,

whence the type.

8. BBACHYPOD1TJU Beauv. Ess. Agrost. 100, 165. 1812

Spikelets many-flowered, narrow, nearly terete, short-pediceled in a simple

raceme; lemmas usually awned from the tip, 7 to 9 nerved; palea with stiffly

ciliate keels. Slender branching annuals or usually perennials with usually flat

blades. Species 6 in the temperate regions of the Eastern Hemisphere, two

in the mountains of tropical America.

1. Brachypodium mexicanum Link, Hort. Berol. 1: 41. 1827.

Slender wiry straggling perennial; blades flat; racemes about 5 cm. long;

spikelets 1.5 to 2 cm. long, rather distant, at first appressed, finally spreading

or reflexed.

Guatemala, Costa Rica, Panama; thickets and shady banks at rather high

altitudes. Mexico, whence the type, to Bolivia.

9. FESTTTCA L Sp. PL 73. 1753. Fescue

Spikelets few to several flowered, the rachilla disarticulating above the

glumes and between the florets; glumes narrow, acute, unequal, the first some-

times very small; lemmas rounded on the back, membranaceous or somewhat

indurate, 5-nerved, the nerves often obscure, acute or rarely obtuse, awned

from the tip or rarely from a minutely bifld apex. Central American species

perennials with narrow or open panicles. Species about 100, In the temperate and cool regions. 574 CONTRIBUTIONS FROM THE NATIONAL HERBARIUM

Blades flat, 4 to 8 mm. wide.

Panicles rather narrow, some of the branches floriferous from near the base;

spikelets 6 to 8 flowered 1. F. elatior.

Panicles open, the branches spreading or drooping, naked below; spikelets

8 to 5 flowered.

Lemmas 6 to 7 mm. long, awnless 2. F, amplisslma.

Lemmas 12 mm. long, awn-pointed 3. F. eminens.

Blades involute.

Blades scabrous.

Blades mostly less than 10 cm. long; panicle narrow, 4 to 6 cm. long, the

branches appressed 4. F. hephaestophila.

Blades elongate; panicle open, 10 to 20 cm. long, the branches drooping.

5. F. tolucensis.

Blades glabrous.

Culms densely cespitose, erect; panicle 10 to 15 cm. long.6. F, dolichophylla.

Culms loose and decumbent at base; panicle 5 to 7 cm. long 7. F, rubra.

1. Festuca elatior L. Sp. PL 75. 1753. Meadow fescue.

Culms smooth, 50 to 120 cm. tall; sheaths smooth; blades flat, 4 to 8 mm.

wide, scabrous above; panicle erect, or nodding at summit, 10 to 20 cm. long,

contracted after flowering, much-branched or nearly simple, the branches

spikelet-bearing nearly to base; spikelets usually 6 to 8 flowered, 8 to 12 mm.

long; lemmas oblong lanceolate, coriaceous, 5 to 7 mm. long, the scarious apex

acutish, rarely short-awned.

Costa Rica; pastures at upper altitudes. A European species cultivated in

the temperate parts of America, and naturalized in cool regions.

2. Festuca amplisslma Rupr. Bull. Acad. Sci. Bruz, 91: 236. 1842. (nomen

seminudum) ; Fourn. Mex. PI. 2: 125. 1880.

Culms erect, stout, 1 to 2 meters tall; blades flat, scabrous, 5 to 8 mm. wide;

panicles nodding, 15 to 25 cm. long, the branches spreading or drooping, very

scabrous, naked below, as much as 15 cm. long; spikelets about 1 cm. long, about

5-flowered; lemmas 6 to 7 mm. long, scaberulous, acute, awnless,

Guatemala (Volcfi.ii de Agua); Panama (Chiriquf Volcano, 2,700 meters);

open woods and savannas at rather high altitudes, Mexico, whence the type,

and Central America.

8. Festuca eminens Kunth, R6v. Gram. 1; 132. 1829.

Culms rather stout, 1 to 2 meters tall; sheaths scabrous; blades flat,

scabrous, 4 to 8 mm. wide; panicles open, nodding, 10 to 25 cm. long, the

slender scabrous branches spreading or drooping, naked below, few-flowered

toward the ends; spikelets about 1.5 cm. long, 3 or 4 flowered; glumes narrow,

9 and 12 mm. long; lemmas about 12 mm. long, scaberulous, distinctly nerved,

tapering into an awn 1 to 2 mm. long.

Panama (Chiriquf Volcano, 1,300 to 2,700 meters); savannas and open

woods. Panama to Ecuador, whence the type.

4. Festuca hephaestophila Nees; Steud. Syn. PI, Glum. 1: 310. 1854.

Festuca tolucensis var. hephtiestopJiila Nees; Hook. Journ. Bot. Kew Misc.

2: 105. 1850.

Culms densely cespitose, erect, 10 to 40 cm. tall with involute mostly basal

scabrous blades usually less than 10 cm. long; culm blade one, about 5 cm.

long; panicle narrow, 4 to 6 cm. long, mostly dark-colored, the branches short,

appressed, few-flowered; spikelets 5 to 7 mm. long, mostly 3 or 4 flowered;

glumes narrow, acute; lemmas about 5 mm. long, acute or awn-tipped.

Guatemala (crater of Volcfin de Agua, whence the type) : open ground at high altitudes. Also Mexico. HITCHCOCK—THE GRASSES OP CENTRAL AMERICA 575

5. Festuca tolucensis Q. B. K. Not. Gen. & Sp. 1: 153, 1816.

Culms erect, 50 to 100 cm. tall, In large dense bunches; blades slender,

elongate, Involute, scabrous, rather lax or flexuous, about 0,5 mm. thick; panicles

open, somewhat nodding, 10 to 20 cm. long, the few distant branches slender,

flexuous, drooping, scabrous, naked below, few-flowered; spikelets about 1.5

cm. long, mostly 6 to 8 flowered; lemmas obscurely nerved, 6 to 8 mm. long,

scaberulous, acuminate or slightly awn-tipped.

Costa Rica (Volcfin de Irazu); paramos and subalpine regions. Also Mexico,

whence the type.

6. Festuca dolichophylla Presl, Bel. Haenk. 1: 258. 1830.

Culms cespitose, erect, 50 to 100 cm. tall; blades glabrous, firm, involute,

1 to 1.5 mm. thick, panicles erect, open, rather narrow, 10 to 15 cm. long, the branches ascending, naked at base; spikelets mostly 8 to 10 mm. long, mostly

3 to 5 flowered; lemmas scaberulous, 6 to T mm. long, acuminate or awn- tipped.

Panama (ChiriquI Volcano, 2,700 to 3,300 meters) ; paramos and subalpine regions at high altitudes. Panama to Chile, the type from Peru.

7. Festuca rubra L. Sp. PL 74. 1753 Rra> fescue

, Loosely cespitose, the culms decumbent and often reddish at base; blades

soft, smooth, loosely involute; panicles open, 5 to 7 cm. long, the few branches

ascending or appressed or the lower spreading and naked at base; spikelets

about 1 cm. long, 4 or 5 flowered; lemmas glabrous, bearing an awn shorter than the body.

Costa Rica (VolcfLn de Turrialba); pastures at high altitudes, probably intro-

duced with grass seed. Eurasia and northern North America, extending south

in the mountains. Sometimes cultivated for pasture.

10. FOA L. Sp, PI. 67. 1753. Bluegbass

Spikelets 2 to several-flowered, the rachilla disarticulating above the glumes

and between the florets, the uppermost floret reduced or rudimentary; glumes

acute, keeled, somewhat unequal, the first 1-nerved, the second usually 3-

nerved; lemmas somewhat keeled, acute or acutish, awnless, membranaceous, often somewhat scarious at the tip, 5-nerved, the nerves sometimes pubescent.

Annual, or usually perennial, species of low or rather tall grasses, with spike- lets in open or contracted panicles, the narrow blades flat or folded, ending in a navicular point. Species probably more than 200, in the temperate and cool regions.

Plants annual 1. F. annua.

Plants perennial.

Lemmas pubescent 2, P. pratensis.

Lemmas glabrous 3. P. selerl.

1, Foa annua L. Sp. 08. 1753. Annual bluhgrass.

Poa inflrma H. B. K. Nov. Gen. & Sp. 1: 158. 1816.

Low tufted soft smooth annual; culms decumbent at base; panicles com-

monly about 5 cm. long, pale, open; spikelets crowded, 3 to 6 flowered, about 4 mm. long; lemma not webbed at base, distinctly 5-nerved, the nerves pilose on

the lower half,

Guatemala, Costa Rica; open ground at medium and high altitudes, often

on the summits of the highest peaks. Common in temperate regions of both hemispheres, introduced in America. J+

576 CONTRIBUTIONS FROM THE NATIONAL HERBARIUM

2. Poa pratensis L. Sp. PI, 67. 1753. Kentucky rlubgrass.

Erect perennial, with creeping rhizomes; culms 30 to 60 cm. tall; panicles

open, 4 to 10 cm. long, the lower branches 3 to 5, spreading; spikelets 3 to 5

flowered, 4 to 5 mm. long; lemmas 3 mm. long, copiously webbed at base, silky-

pubescent on keel and marginal nerves, the Intermediate nerves prominent.

Costa Rica; pastures at upper altitudes. Temperate regions of both hemis-

pheres, Introduced in America.

3. Poa seleri Pilger, Verh. Bot. Ver. Brand. 51: 195. 1909.

Poa guatemalengis Hitchc. Proc. Biol. Soc. Washington 40: 81. 1927.

Perennial, apparently with creeping rhizomes; culms decumbent at base, about

40 cm. tall, the nodes mostly 3 or 4; sheaths minutely acaberulous; blades lax,

1 to 2 mm. wide, glabrous, slightly scabrous on the upper surface; panicle open,

6 to 8 cm. long, the axis glabrous or somewhat scabrous above, the branches

mostly in pairs, slender, flexuous or drooping, naked below, 2 to 3 cm. long,

bearing a few spikelets on the upper half; splkelets 4 to 5 mm. long, mostly

2 or 3 flowered, the rachilla glabrous; glumes 1.5 and 2 mm. long; lemmas 3 mm.

long, 1 mm. wide, glabrous throughout, somewhat compressed, rather indis-

tinctly nerved, acute, purple-tinged at summit.

Guatemala (type from Volciln de Agua), open woods, 2,000 to 3,500 meters

altitude. •

11. BRIZA L. Sp. PI. 70. 1753. Quaking grass

Spikelets several-flowered, broad, often cordate, the florets crowded and

spreading horizontally, the rachilla disarticulating above the glumes and be-

tween the florets, the uppermost floret reduced; glumes about equal, broad,

papery-chartaceous, with scarious margins; lemmas papery, broad, with scarious,

spreading margins, cordate at base, several-nerved, the nerves often obscure,

the apex in our species obtuse or acutish; palea much shorter than the lemma.

Annuals or perennials, with erect culms, flat blades, and usually open, showy

panicles. Species about 20, the greater number South American.

1. Briza minor L. Sp. PI. 70. 1753.

Weak-stemmed annual 30 to 50 cm. tall; blades flat, scabrous; and panicles

loosely flowered, the branchlets subcapillary but stiffly spreading; spikelets tri-

angular-ovate, nodding.

Costa Rica (Cartago) ; moist meadows, 1,500 meters. A European species

introduced in the temperate parts of America.

12. EBAG-BOSTIS Host, Icon. Gram. Austr. 4:14. pi. 1809

Spikelets few to many-flowered, the florets usually closely imbricate, the

rachilla disarticulating above the glumes and between the florets, or continuous,

the lemmas deciduous, the paleas persistent; glumes somewhat unequal, acute

or acuminate, 1-nerved, or the second rarely 3 nerved - lemmas acute or acumi-

nate, keeled or rounded on the back, 3-nerved, the nerves usually prominent;

palea 2-nerved, the keels sometimes eiliate. Annuals or perennials witb open or

contracted panicles. Species more than 100, tropical and temperate regions.

Plants perennial.

Ultimate pedicels longer than the spikelets; panicle open and spreading.

12. E. lug-ens.

Ultimate pedicels shorter than the spikelets; panicles more or less condensed.

Lemmas acuminate. Spikelets more or less oppressed along the main

branches of the panicle 13. E. acutiflora. *

HITCHCOCK—THE GRASSES OP CENTRAL AMERICA 577

Lemmas acute or acutish.

Panicle usually purplish, the spikelets more or less glomerate, prominently

3-nerved; lemmas closely Imbricate, hiding the rachilla.

15. E. secundiflora.

Panicle pale, large, as much as 30 cm. long, the splkelets aggregate along

the branches but not glomerate, obscurely nerved; lemmas loosely

imbricate, exposing the rachilla 14. E. prolifera.

Plants annual.

Palea prominently ciliate on the keels, the cilia usually as long as the width

of the lemma.

Panicle interruptedly spikelike or condensed 1. B. ciliaris.

Panicle narrow but open.

Axis and branches viscid 3. E, viscosa.

Axis and branches not viscid 2. E. amabilis.

Palea not prominently ciliate on the keels.

Plants creeping and branching, forming mats 6. E. hypnoides.

Plants not forming mats.

Lemmas glandular on the keels; splkelets about 3 mm. wide.

7* E, cilianensis.

Lemmas not glandular; spikelets less than 3 mm. wide.

Panicle elongate, contracted, the minute spikelets crowded or glomerate.

8. E. glomerata.

Panicle not elongate.

Spikelets sessile or nearly so, fascicled on the branches.

Lemmas about 5 mm. long, narrow 5. E. simpliciflora.

Lemmas about 2,5 mm. long 4. E. maypurensis.

Spikelets pediceled in an open panicle.

Main branches of panicle glabrous in the axils; panicle erect, the

branches rather stiff „11. E. limbata.

Main branches of panicle, at least the lower, pilose in the axils;

panicle lax or drooping.

Spikelets about 1.5 mm. wide 9. E. tephrosanthos.

Spikelets about 2 mm. wide 10. E. mexlcana.

1. Eragrostis ciliaris (L.) Link, Hort. Berol. 1: 192. 1827.

Poa ciliaris L. Syst. Nat. ed. 10. 3: 875. 1759.

Erect or spreading annual; culms slender, 15 to 40 cm. tall; blades flat, 1 to 3 mm. wide; panicles condensed, usually interrupted, sometimes rather loose, 5 to

15 cm. long; spikelets subsessile, crowded, about 2 mm, long, mostly 6 to 8 flowered, the palea prominently ciliate.

Guatemala, Honduras, El Salvador, Nicaragua, Costa Rica, Panama; open ground, waste places, fields, and sandy seashores, at low altitudes. Warmer regions of both hemispheres, apparently introduced in America. Type from

Jamaica.

2. Eragrostis amabilis (L.) Wight & Arn.; Hook & Am. Bot. Beechey Voy.

251. 1841.

Poa amabilis L. Sp. PI 68. 1753.

Poa plumosa Retz. Obs. Bot. 4: 20. 1786.

Eragrostis plumosa Link, Hort. Berol. 1: 192. 1827.

In aspect similar to E. ciliaris; panicles open, oblong, 5 to 15 cm. long, the branches spreading, 1 to 2 cm. long; spikelets about as in E. ciliaris, the pedicels as long as the spikelet or longer. CONTRIBUTIONS FROM TEE NATIONAL HERBARIUM 578

Guatemala, Honduras, British Honduras, El Salvador, Costa Rica, Panama;

open ground, fields, and waste places, at low altitudes. Warmer regions of

both hemispheres, introduced in America. Type from India.

3. Eragrostis viscosa (Retz.) Trin. M6m. Acad. St. P6tersb. VI. Math. Phys.

Nat. 1: 397. 1830.

Poa viscosa Retz. Obs. Bot. 4: 20. 1786.

Eragrostis tenella viscosa Stapf; Hook. f. PI. Brit. Ind. 7 : 315. 1896.

Similar to E. amabilis; plant usually more robust; panicle stiffen, the branches

stiffly spreading or ascending, the axis and branches viscid, the spikelets

somewhat larger.

Guatemala, El Salvador, Panama; open ground at low and medium alti-

tudes. Southeastern Asia, introduced in America.

4. Eragrostis maypurensis (H. B. K.) Steud. Syn. PI. Glum. 1: 276. 1854.

Poa maypurensis H. B. K. Nov. Gen. & Sp. 1: 161. 1816.

Po« vahlii Roem. & Scbult. Syst. Veg. 2; 563. 1817.

Eragrostis vahlii Nees, Agrost. Bras. 499. 1829.

Eragrostis amocna Presl, Rel. Haenk. 1: 275. 1830.

Eragrostis panamcmis Presl, Rel. Haenk. 1: 277. 1830.

Megastachya amoena Fourn. Mex. PI. 8: 118. 1886.

Megastachya panamensis Fourn. Mex. PI. 2:118. 1886.

Culms erect from a spreading base, 10 to 30 cm. tall, the narrow blades mostly

near the base; panicles brownish or yellowish, narrow, the short branches

somewhat distant, stiffly ascending, spikelet-bearing from the base; spikelets

linear, as much as 15 mm. long; lemmas about 2.5 mm. long, rather abruptly

narrowed to an acuminate point.

Guatemala, Honduras, El Salvador, Nicaragua, Costa Rica, Panama; open ground, pastures, and waste places, at low altitudes. Mexico to Brazil and

Bolivia. Type from Venezuela.

5. Eragrostis simpliciflora (Presl) Steud. Syn. PI. Glum. 1: 278. 1854.

Megastachya simpliciflora Presl, Rel. Haenk. 1: 283. 1830.

Culms cespitose, spreading or prostrate, 10 to 40 cm. tall; panicles narrow, condensed, 2 to 10 cm. long, the branches spreading or ascending, fasciculately flowered to the base, glabrous in the axils, spikelets narrow, 1 to 3 cm. long, nearly sessile in groups of 2 to 4, 10 to 30 flowered; lemmas about 5 mm. long, gradually narrowed from below the middle to an acuminate point, the lateral nerves usually double, the lemma thus being 5 nerved.

Guatemala, El Salvador, Costa Rica, Panama; open ground and savannas, at low and medium altitudes, Pacific side. Mexico, whence the type, to Panama.

6. Eragrostis hypnoides (Lam.) B. S. P. Prel. Cat. N. Y. 69. 1888.

Poa hypnoides Lam. Tnbl. Encycl. 1: 185. 1791.

Stoloniferous, forming mats, the flowering culms mostly 5 to 10 cm. tall; blades 1.5 to 2 cm. long, spreading; panicles small, more or less capitate, the pale, many flowered spikelets commonly 1 cm. long.

Guatemala, El Salvador, Nicaragua, Costa Rica, Panama; banks of lakes and streams, margins of swamps and wet places, at low altitudes. United States to

Brazil. Type from tropical America, the exact locality not known.

7. Eragrostis cilianensis (All.) Link; Vign. Lut. Malpighia 18:386. 1904.

Poa cilianensis All. Fl. Pedem. 3i 246. 1785. Stinkorass.

Eragrostis major Host, Icon. Gram. Austr. 4: 14 pi. 24. 1800.

Eragrostis megastachya Link, Hort. Berol. 1: 187. 1827. HITCHCOCK—THE GRASSES OF CENTRAL AMERICA 579

Culms erect or spreading; panicles rather compact, 2 to 10 cm. long, green-

ish or whitish, the spikelets many-flowered, larger than in the other annual

species; spikelets 5 to 15 mm. long, 3 mm. wide, 10 to 40 flowered, the florets

closely imbricate; pedicels and keels of the acute glumes and lemmas sparingly

glandular; lemmas thin, the lateral nerves prominent.

Guatemala, El Salvador, Nicaragua, Costa Rica; open ground, fields, and

waste places, at low and medium altitudes. A common weed in temperate

regions of both hemispheres, Introduced in America.

8. Eragrostls glomerata (Walt.) L. H. Dewey, Contr. U. S. Nat. Herb. 2: 643.

1894.

Poa glomerata Walt. PI. Carol. 80. 1788.

Poa conferta Ell. Bot. S. C. & Ga. 1:158. 1816.

Eragrottis conferta Trin. M6m. Acad. St. Pfitersb. VI. Math. Phys. Nat, 1:

409. 1830.

Robust annual, sometimes as much as 2 meters tall and appearing like a

perennial, freely branching, the branches sometimes fascicled; blades elongate;

panicles as much as 40 cm. long, narrowly contracted, densely flowered, the

spikelets about 2 mm. long, 4 to 6 flowered, the lemmas scarcely 1 mm. long.

El Salvador; moist places, at low altitudes. Southeastern United States to

Uruguay. Type from South Carolina.

9. Eragrostis tephrosanthos Schult. Mant. 2: 316. 1824.

Erect or spreading annual, pilose at the summit of the sheaths and In the

axils of the lower panicle branches, otherwise glabrous; culms 20 to 30 cm.

tall, sometimes taller; panicles oblong, open, loosely many-flowered, commonly

one-third to half the entire height of the culm; spikelets 4 to 6 mm. long, about

1.5 mm. wide, 6 to 12 flowered; glumes about 1 and 1.3 mm. long; lemmas some-

what compressed, each overlapping the one above by one-third to half.

Guatemala, Honduras, El Salvador, Nicaragua, Costa Rica, Panama; open

ground, fields and waste places, at low and medium altitudes. Southern United

States, Mexico, and West Indies to Brazil. Type from Martinique.

Ebagbostis pilosa (L.) Beauv., a common West Indian species, differs in

having narrower spikelets on more slender pedicels, the glumes 0.5 and 1 mm.

long, the lemmas nearly terete, each overlapping the one above by scarcely one-fifth.

10. Eragrostis mexlcana (Lag.) Link, Hort. Berol. 1: 190. 1827.

Poa mexicana Lag. Gen. & Sp. Nov. 3. 1816.

Resembling larger forms of E. tephrosanthos but on the average larger, as much as 1 meter tall; panicles large, often drooping, gray or drab, 15 to 20 cm. long, the branches ascending, rather closely flowered, the lower axils pilose; spikelets linear-oblong, 5 to 7 mm. long, 8 to 12 flowered; glumes unequal, 1 and

1.5 mm. long; lemmas about 1.7 mm. long, 0.5 mm. wide.

Honduras, Costa Rica (Las C6ncavas); moist ground. Southwestern United

States and Mexico, whence the type, to Chile.

11. Eragrostls limbata Fourn. Mex. PI. 0: 116. 1886.

Erect or spreading cespltose annual, as much as 60 cm. tall; blades flat, panicles usually purplish, oblong, open, mostly erect, usually less than half the entire height of the culm, the branches rather stiffly spreading, glabrous in the axils, the branches of the second and third order also spreading; spikelets ob- long, somewhat compressed, mostly 5 to 6 mm. long and 8 to 12 flowered; glumes nearly equal, 1.5 mm. long; lemmas 2 mm. long, acute.

Guatemala, Honduras, El Salvador, Costa Rica, Panama; fields, gardens, and waste places, at low and medium altitudes. Mexico, whence the type, to Bolivia. 580 CONTRIBUTIONS FROM THE NATIONAL HERBARIUM

12. Eragrostls lugens Nees, Agrost. Bras. 505. 182D.

Erect cespitose perennial, 30 to 50 cm. tall; sheaths more or less pilose; blades

flat or involute; panicles rather diffuse, fragile, usually more than half the

entire length of the culms, the axils somewhat pilose or the upper glabrous;

spikelets little compressed, 5 to 10 flowered; lemmas convex on back, obscurely

nerved, about 1.3 mm. long, acute.

Guatemala, Honduras, Ei Salvador, Costa Rica; dry hills, thickets, and

grassland at medium altitudes. Southwestern United States and Mexico to

Argentina. Type from Brazil.

13. Eragrostls acutiflora (H. B. K.) Nees, Agrost. Bras. 501. 1829.

Poa acutiflora H. B. K. Nov. Gen. & Sp. 1: 161. 1816,

Erect perennial, 30 to 00 cm. tall; blades flat, becoming loosely involute;

panicles oblong, 10 to 20 cm. long, the branches somewhat distant, ascending,

the spikelets about 5 mm. long, more or less oppressed along the main branches;

lemmas about 2 mm. long, acuminate, the tips not oppressed.

British Honduras, Panama; ditches and wet savannas, at low altitudes. Cen-

tral America to Brazil and Bolivia. Type from Colombia.

14. Eragrostis prolifera (Swartz) Steud. Syn. PI, Glum. 1: 278. 1854.

Poa proUfera Swartz, Prodr, Veg. Ind. Occ. 27. 1788.

Eragrostis gigantca Trin. M6m. Acad. St. PGtersb. VI. Math. Pbys. Nat. 1:

403. 1830.

Eragrostis excelsa Griseb. Cat. PI. Cub. 227, 1866.

Culms often in large clumps, erect, sometimes stolonlferous, commonly robust,

about 1 meter tall, sometimes tailor, the branches often fascicled; blades

elongate, involute towards the ends; panicles lurge, open, or somewhat con-

tracted, the spikelets pale, usually many-flowered: florets not closely imbricate,

the rachilla exposed, the lemmas 1.5 mm. lonjr, acuttah.

Guatemala, El Salvador, Nicaragua, Costa Rica, Panama; sandy beaches and

brackish marshes along the coast, Pacific eide. Central America and the West

Indies to Brazil. Type from Guadeloupe.

15. Eragrostis secundiflora Presl, Rel. Haenk. 1: 276. 1830.

Poa oxylepis Torr. in Marcy, Expl. Red Riv. 301. pi. 19. 1853.

Eragrostis oxylepis Torr. V. S. Rep. Expl. Miss. Paeif. 4:' 156. 1857.

Erect perennial, 30 to 60 cm. tall; panicles narrow, usually purplish, the

branches ascending, compactly flowered, the panicle sometimes interruptedly

spikelike; spikelets oblong-ovate, rather turgid, the florets closely imbricate; lemmas 2 mm. long, 1 mm, wide, acute or acuminate, the tip not closely appressed.

Costa Rica (San Francisco de Guadelupe) ; sandy soil. Southwestern United

States and Mexico, whence the type, to Costa Rica.

13. ITNIOLA L. Sp. PI. 71. 1753

Spikelets 3 to many flowered, the lower 1 to 4 lemmas empty, the rachilla disarticulating above the glumes and between the florets; glumes compressed- keeled, rigid, usually narrow, nerved, acute or acuminate or rarely mucronate; lemmas compressed, sometimes conspicuously flattened, chartaceous, many- nerved, the nerves sometimes obscure, acute or acuminate, the empty ones at the base usually successively smaller, the uppermost usually reduced; palea rigid, sometimes bowed out in the winged keels. Rather tall, erect perennials, with flat or convolute blades and narrow or open panicles of compressed spike- lets. Species nine, North America, one in the Andes. HITCHCOCK—THE GBASSES OF CENTRAL. AMERICA 581

1. Uniola pittieri Hack. Oesterr. Bot. Zeltschr. 52: 309. 1902,

Stout, glabrous, extensively stoloniferous perennial; blades elongate; panicles

10 to 30 cm. long, contracted; spikelets very flat, 1 to 2 cm. long, about 1 cm. wide.

Guatemala, Costa Rica (type from Salinas Bay), Panama; sandy sea beaches.

Mexico to Ecuador.

14. ARUNDO L. Sp. PI. 81. 1753

Spikelets several-flowered, the florets successively smaller, the summits of all about equal, the rachilla glabrous, disarticulating above the glumes and between the florets; glumes somewhat unequal, membranaceous, 3nerved, narrow, tapering into a slender point, about as long as the spikelet; lemmas thin, 3 nerved, densely long-pilose, gradually narrowed at the summit, the nerves ending in slender teeth, the middle one longer, extending Into a straight awn. Tall perennial reeds, with broad linear blades and large plumelike terminal panicles. Species about six, in the warmer parts of the Old World, one introduced in America.

1. Arundo donax L. Sp. PI. 81. 1733. Carrizo.

Tall reed with strong sparingly branching culms; blades flat, elongate, scabrous-margined; panicles 30 to 60 cm. long, densely flowered, the spikelets about 1 cm. long.

El Salvador; introduced along ditches, also cultivated for ornament. Becom- ing common in the warmer parts of America especially in irrigated regions.

Giant reed.

15. PHRAGMITES Adans. Fam. PI. 2: 34, 669. 1763

Spikelets several-flowered, the rachilla clothed with long silky hairs, dis- articulating above the glumes and at the base of each joint between the florets, tOe lowest floret staminate or neuter; glumes 3-nerved, or the upper 5-nerved, lanceolate, acute, unequal, the first about half as long as the second, the latter shorter than the florets; lemmas narrow, long-acuminate, glabrous, 3-nerved, the florets successively smaller, the summits of all about equal; palea much shorter than the lemma. Perennial reeds, with broad, flat linear blades and large terminal panicles. Species three, one in Asia, one In Argentina, and one cosmopolitan.

1. Phragmites communis Trin. Fund. Agrost. 134. 1820. Rixd.

Arundo phragmites L. Sp. PI. 81. 1753.

Arundo vulgaris Lam. Fl. Franc. 3: 615. 1778. Published as an avowed

equivalent of A. phragmites, hence a synonym.

Phragmites vulgaris Cr6p. Man. Fl. Belg. ed. 2. 345. 1866.

Phragmites phragmites Karst. Deutsch. Fl. 379. 1880.

A toll reed, usually growing in colonies, in aspect like Arundo donax, stoloniferous, the panicle more open and drooping.

Honduras, El Salvador, Costa Rica, Panama; marshes and wet places, throughout the temperate regions of the world, extending into the Tropics.

Type from Europe.

16. CORTADERIA St apt Gard. Chron. 111. 22: 378, 396. 1897

Spikelets several-flowered, the rachilla disarticulating near the base of the internodes, the lower shorter part glabrous, the upper longer part bearded, forming a stipe to the floret; florets clothed with long hairs; glumes longer than 582 CONTRIBUTIONS FROM THE NATIONAL HERBARIUM

the first floret (excluding awn), sometimes longer than all the florets; lemma

tapering Into a slender point or awn, or awned from between the slender teeth

of a bifid apex. Mostly large tussock grasses, the leaves generally crowded at

the base, the blades long and narrow, tapering to a slender point, usually very

rough on the margins; Inflorescence a panicle, sometimes large and plumelike.

Species about 10, Costa Rica to Argentina and Chile, in the mountains.

1. Cortaderia nitida (H. B. K.) Fllger, Dot. Jahrb. Engler 37: 374. 1906.

Arundo nitida H. B. K. Nov. Gen. & Sp. 1: 149, pi. 688, 1816.

Gynerium colvmbkmum Fllger, Bot. Jahrb. Engler 27: 31. 1899.

Culms mostly 1 to 1.5 meters tall; old sheaths becoming flattened and coiled

at the base of the plant; blades very scabrous, becoming loosely involute, about

5 mm. wide; panicles rather loose, mostly 10 to 20 cm. long, tawny or purplish.

Costa Bica, Panama (Chlriquf Volcano); ravines and bogs at high altitudes.

Costa Rica to Peru. Type from Colombia.

17. GYNERIUM Wllld.; Beauv. Ess. Agrost 138. pi. U- f. 6, 1812

Plants dioecious; spikelets several-flowered; pistillate spikelets with long-

attenuate glumes and smaller long-silky lemmas; staminate spikelets with

shorter glumes and glabrous lemmas. Species one, tropical America.

1. Gynerium sagittatum (Aubl.) Beauv. Ess. Agrost. 138. pi. 24- f> 6. 1812.

Saocharum sagittatum Aubl. PI. Quian. 1: 60. 1775.

Gynertitm saccharoides Humb. & Bonpl. PI Aequin. 2: 105. pi. 115. 1813.

Arundo saccharoides Poir. in Lam. Encycl. Suppl. 4 : 703. 1816.

Stout reeds often 10 meters tall, the culms clothed below with old sheaths,

the blades having fallen; blades sharply serrulate, commonly 2 meters long and

4 to 6 cm. wide (forming a great fan-shaped summit to the sterile culms);

panicles pale, plumy, densely flowered, 1 meter or more long, the main axis

erect, the branches drooping; pistillate panicles silky from the vlllous florets;

staminate panicles glabrous.

El Salvador, Nicaragua, Costa Rica, Panama; river banks and low ground,

forming dense colonies, at low altitudes. Southern Mexico and the West Indies

to Paraguay. Type from French Guiana. The canes are used for lattice work,

laths, and in light construction for buildings. Called Yara de Castllla, Cafla de

Castilla,

18. DACTYLIS L. Sp. PI. 71. 1753

Spikelets few-flowered, compressed, finally disarticulating between the florets,

nearly sessile in dense 1 sided fascicles, these borne at the ends of the few

branches of a panicle; glumes unequal, carinate, acute, hispid clliate on the

keel; lemmas compressed-keeled, mucronate, 5-nerved, ciliate on the keel.

Perennials, with flat blades and fascicled spikelets. Species two or three, in

Eurasia.

1. Dactylis glomerata L. Sp, PI. 71. 1753, Orchard grass.

Rather coarse roughish perennial commonly about 1 meter tall; blades flat;

panicles of few to several branches naked at base, bearing toward the ends

clusters of densely crowded, sparsely pilose spikelets 0.8 to 1 cm. long,

Costa Rica (north of El Copey, altitude 2,200 meters). Commonly cultivated

In temperate parts of America for forage, escaped from cultivation.

19. LABCARCKIA Moench, Metb. PI. 201. 1794

Spikelets of two kinds, in fascicles, the terminal one of each fascicle fertile,

the others sterile; fertile spikelet, with 1 perfect floret, the rachilla produced beyond the floret, bearing a small awned empty lemma or reduced to an awn; HITCHCOCK—THE GRASSES OF CENTRAL AMERICA 583

glumes narrow, acuminate or short-awn ed, 1-nerved; lemma broader, raised

on a slender stipe, scarcely nerved, bearing just below the apex a delicate

straight awn; sterile spikelets linear, 1 to 3 in each fascicle, consisting of 2

glumes similar to those of the fertile spikelet, and numerous distichously imbri-

cate, obtuse, awnless, empty lemmas. A low, erect annual, with flat blades

and oblong, 1-sided, compact panticles, the crowded fascicles drooping, falling

entire, the fertile hidden, except the awns, by the numerous sterile ones.

Species one, a native of southern Europe.

1. Lamarckia aurea (L.) Moench, Meth, PI. 201. 1794. Golbentop grass.

Cynosurus aureus L. Sp. PI. 73, 1753.

Achyrodes aureum Kuntze, Rev. Gen. PI. 2: 758. 1891.

Culms erect, or decumbent at base, 10 to 40 cm. tall; leaves smooth; panicle

dense, 2 to 7 cm. long, 1 to 2 cm. wide, shining, golden-yellow or purplish, the

branches close, short, erect; pedicels fascicled, somewhat clavate, pubescent,

spreading at right angles or drooping, the fascicles with a tuft of long whitish

hairs at the base; fertile spikelot about 2 mm. long, the sterile 6 to 8 mm. long; glumes of both hyaline.

Guatemala, (Guatemala City). A native of Mediterranean regions, nat- uralized in California, parts of Mexico and Central America.

20. STBEPTOGYNE Beauv. Ess. Agrost. 80. pi. 10. f. 8. 1812

sSpikelets several-flowered, subsessile in a long 1-sided raceme; glumes un- equal, much shorter than the elongate terete callus-tipped florets; lemmas firm,

tapering into a slender awn; palea about as long as the lemma; stigmas 3, elongate, persistent, coiled, the mature fruits hanging by these entangled stigmas. A single species.

1. Streptogyne crinita Beauv. Ess. Agrost. 80. pi. 16. f- 8. 1812.

Erect perennial, 1 to 1.5 meters tall, with elongate leaves mostly aggregate at the base and reaching beyond the base of the inflorescence; blades 1 to 1.5 cm. wide; spike slender, 30 to 50 cm. long, the axis rather firm, the short- pediceled slender spikelets appressed, about 3 cm. long, excluding the slender awns and curled stigmas.

Costa Rica; Panama; wet forest at low altitudes. Mexico and Trinidad to

Brazil. Type from Guiana.

21. ORTHOCLADA Beauv. Ess. Agrost. 69. pi. 14- A 9. 1812

Spikelets articulated below the glumes, 1-flowered with a prolongation of the rachilla, or 2-flowered, the florets distant; glumes and lemmas acuminate. A broad-leaved perennial with diffuse panicle. A single species.

1. Orthoclada laxa (L. Rich.) Beauv. Ess. Agrost. 70, 149, 168. 1812.

Aira laxa, L. Rich. Act. Soc. Hist. Nat. Paris 1: 106. 1792.

Panicum rariftorum Lam. Encycl, 4: 746. 1798.

Orthoclada ran flora Beauv. Ess. Agrost. 70. pi. 14. f. 9. 1812.

Stolon if erous perennial; flowering culms ascending, leafy, simple, commonly 1 meter long; blades slender-petioled, lanceolate, mostly 12 to 15 cm. long, about

2.5 cm. wide; panicle large, as broad as long, the long, slender, naked branches and capillary branchlets at first erect, finally stiffly divergent, bearing 1 to few spikelets at the extremities; glumes narrow, acute, 4 and 5 mm. long; lemmas

6 to 7 mm. loot?, acuminate or short-awned.

Guatemala, Honduras, Costa Rica, Panama; moist forests, at low altitudes.

Mexico to Brazil and Peru. Type from Guiana.

61564—30 3 584 CONTRIBUTIONS FEOM THE NATIONAL HERBARIUM

22. ZEUGITES P. Br. Civ. Nat. Hist. Jam. ed. 2. 341 and Index II. 178&

(Senites Adans. Fam. PI. 2: 39, 604. 1763. Ineffectively published)

Splkelets lew to several-flowered, the lowest floret perfect, the others stami-

nate, the rachilla joint between the perfect and staminate florets elongate;

glumes and fertile lemma herbaceous, broad, with transverse veins between the

nerves, obtuse or truncate, the glumes about half as long as the lemma; sterile

lemmas membranaceous, narrower, acute. Broad-leaved perennials, with,

terminal panicles. Species about 6, tropical America.

Blades oblong-lanceolate, more than 15 cm. long 1. Z. pittieri.

Blades ovate or ovate-lanceolate, less than 5 cm. long.

Glumes 3 to 4 mm. long, widened above 2. Z. munroana

Glumes about 2 mm. long, narrow 3. Z. mexicana.

1. Zeug-ites pittieri Hack. Oesterr. Bot Z^itschr. 52: 373. 1902.

Culms erect, robust, 1 to 2 meters tall; blades oblong-lanceolate; smooth and

glabrous on the upper surface, appressed-bispldulous beneath, rounded or slightly

cordate at base, short-petiolate, acuminate, 15 to 25 cm. long, 4 to 7 cm. wide;

panicle open, 20 to 30 cm. long, nearly as wide the branches ascending,

floriferous from near the base, the spikelets on branches of third or fourth,

order, the lateral pedicels shorter than the spikelets; spikelets compressed,

rather soft, oblong, 1 to 2 cm. long, about 5 mm. wide (in dried specimens),

the staminate florets 10 to 12; glumes obtuse, broad above, the apex clliolute,

entire, the first about 5 mm. long, the second a little shorter; sterile lemmas

acute, about 4 mm. long.

Costa Rica; forests, 500 to 1,100 meters. Known only from Costa Rica, the

type from Alto del Rodeo.

8 Zeugites munroana Hemsl. Biol. Centr. Amer. Bot 3 : 577. 1885.

Zeugitea hartwegi Fourn. Mex. PL 2: 121, 1886.

Senites hartwegi Arthur, Torreya 19: 48. 1919.

Spreading branching perennial; culms slender, 20 to 40 cm. long; blades

glabrous, ovate-lanceolate, 1.5 to 3 cm. long, 5 to 10 mm. wide, rounded at base,

the slender petiole as much as 1 cm. long; panicles ovoid, 2 to 4 cm. long, open,

the branches 1 to 4 flowered; spikelets, 7 to 8 mm, long, with one fertile and one

or two sterile florets; glumes about 4 mm. long, broad, reticulate-veined, the

obtuse summit ciliate and more or less notched; fertile lemma similar, some-

times short-awned; staminate florets about 5 mm. long.

Guatemala; shady banks, 2,500 to 3,000 meters. Mexico, whence the type,

and Guatemala.

3. Zeugites mexicana (Kunth) Trin.; Steud. Nom. Bot. ed. 2. 2: 798. 1841.

Despreteia meaicana Kunth, R4v. Gram. 2 : 485. pi. 157, 1831.

Senites mexicana Hitchc. Contr. U. S. Nat. Herb. 17 : 370. 1913.

In aspect similar to Z. munroana; blades ovate, 1.5 to 3 cm. long, as much as

1.5 cm. wide; panicles few-flowered, the spikelets awnless, on slender pedicels,

5 to 6 mm. long; glumes about 2 mm. long; staminate florets one or two, about

3 mm. long.

Guatemala, Costa Rica, Panama; rich shady places, 1,000 to 2,000 meters.

Mexico, whence the type, to Bolivia.

23. TRITICXTM L. Sp, PI. 85. 1753

Spikelets 2 to 5 flowered, solitary, sessile, placed flatwise at each joint of a

continuous or articulate rachis, the rachilla disarticulating above the glumes

and between the florets or continuous; glumes rigid, 3 to several nerved, the HITCHCOCK—THE GRASSES OF CENTRAL AMERICA 585

apex abruptly mucronate or toothed or with one to many awns. Annuals, with

flat blades and terminal spikes. Species about 10, southern Europe and western

Asia. One species, T. vulgare, cultivated in all temperate regions.

1. Triticum aestivum L. Sp, PI. 85. 1753. Wheat,

Triticum sativum Lam. Fl. Franc. 3: 625. 1778.

Triticum vulgare Vill. Hist. PI. Daupli. 2: 153. 1787.

Common wheat is cultivated at temperate altitudes in Guatemala and occa-

sionally in other parts of Central America. There are a large number of varie-

ties differing In the length of the awn (bearded and beardless varieties) and in

the pubescence of the spikelets (pubescent forms called velvet-chaff varieties),

24. LOLIUM L. Sp. PI. 83. 1753

Spikelets several-flowered, solitary and sessile, placed edgewise to the con-

tinuous rachis, one edge fitting to the alternate concavities, the rachilla dis-

articulating above the glumes and between the florets; first glume wanting

(except on the terminal spikelet), the second outward, strongly 3 to 5 nerved,

equaling or exceeding the second floret; lemmas rounded on the back, 5 to 7

nerved, obtuse, acute, or awned. Annuals or perennials, with flat blades and

simple terminal flat spikes. Species about eight, in Eurasia, four of these

being introduced in America.

1. Lolium perenne L. Sp. PI. 83. 1753. Perennial byegbass.

Erect or spreading, tufted perennial, 20 to 40 cm. tall; blades flat; spikes

slender, 5 to 15 cm. long; lemmas awnless.

Costa Rica; pastures at upper altitudes. A European species cultivated for

forage in cool moist climates, introduced in America.

25. JOTJVEA Fourn. Bull. Soc. Bot. Belg. 15 : 475. 1877

Spikelets unisexual, the plants dioecious; staminate spikelets many-flowered,

sessile, somewhat distant on opposite sides of the rachis, forming a terminal

spike, the florets closely imbricate; glumes 2, shorter than the first floret;

lemmas 3-nerved, awnless; pistillate spikelets in the axils of the leaves, single

or in fascicles of 3 or 4, terete somewhat curved, acuminate, consisting of

1 to 3 florets imbedded in the spongy tissue of the rachilla, only the summit of the floret free, this consisting of a free end of a lemma folded around the style; style and base of stigma elongate, 2-lobed.

The floret appears to possess but one bract, this presumably a lemma, all

except the tip fused with the spongy tissue of the rachilla. However, that which is called a spikelet may be a spike with 1 to 3 spikelets imbedded.

Morphological research is needed here.

Plants slender, the runners about 1 mm. in diameter; pistillate spikelets single

in the axils of the leaves 1. J, straminea.

Plants rather stout, the runners about 2 mm. in diameter; pistillate spikelets

in fascicles 2. J. pilosa.

1. Jouvea straminea Fourn. Bull. Soc. Bot. Belg. 15: 475. 1876.

Slender, cespitose, 30 to 50 cm. tall, with long runners or stolons; blades flat, glabrous, 2 to 5 cm. long, 1 to 2 mm. wide, the sheaths a little pilose at the throat; pistillate spikelets single in the axils of the leaves, 2 to 3 cm. long, slender, slightly curved, about 1 mm. thick; staminate spikelets 1 to 1.5 cm. long.

El Salvador (La Unitin), Panama (Bella Vista); muddy seacoast shores or marshes. Mexico, whence the type, to Panama. 586 CONTRIBUTION'S FROM THE NATIONAL HERBARIUM

2. Jouvea pilosa (Presl) Scribn. Bull. Torrey Club 23: 143. 1896.

Brizopyrum pilosum Presl, Kel. Haenk. 1:280. 1830.

Rhachidospermum mewicanum Vasey, Bot, Gaz. 15: 110. pi. 12. 1890.

Cespitose, with stout runners or stolons about 2 mm. tliick; culms 20 to 40

cm. tall; blades flat becoming involute, glabrous, scabrous on the margins,

1 to 4 mm. wide, the sheaths pilose at the throat; pistillate spikelets 2 to 4 cm.

long, 2 to 3 mm. thick, fascicled in the axils of the leaves, the fascicles approxi-

mate, each spikelet with a bract and a prominent prophyllum; caryopsis 7 mm.

long; style from one side of the summit of the caryopsis, glabrous, 3 mm. long;

stigma (or pubescent summit of style) entire for 4 mm. then bilobed for about

1 cm.; staminate spikelets as much as 5 cm. long.

Guatemala, El Salvador, Nicaragua; sandy sea beaches. Mexico, whence

the type, to Nicaragua.

26. PARIAN A Aubl. PL Guian. 2 : 876, pi. 337. 1775

Spikelets in opposite clusters of 3 at each joint of a readily disarticulating

rachis, forming a spike, the central spikelet of the cluster pistillate, the other

2 staminate; stamens numerous. Perennials with broad blades. Species about

12, tropical America.

1. Pariana zingiberina Doell in Mart. Fl. Bras. 2: 337. 1877.

Erect broad-leaved perennial, with the aspect of ginger, with one vegetative

and one fertile culm, the vegetative culm 50 to 80 cm. tall, naked below, bear-

ing several oblong-elliptic blades 12 to 15 cm. long, 3 to 5 cm. wide, the lower

1 or 2 smaller, the summit of the sheaths naked or with a few stiff bristles;

fertile culm naked, shorter than the sterile one, bearing a single terminal dense

spike 5 to 8 cm. long, somewhat resembling beardless wheat.

Costa Rica (Prov. Lim6n, 55 meters); Panama (N6mbre de Di6s), wet forest

at low altitudes. Costa Rica to Brazil, whence the type.

27. TRISETUM Pers. Syn. Pl, 1: 97. 1805

Spikelets usually 2-flowered, sometimes 3 to 5 flowered, the rachilla prolonged

behind the upper floret, usually villous; glumes somewhat unequal, acute, the

second usually longer than the first floret; lemmas usually short-bearded at the

base, 2-toothed at the apex, the teeth often awned, bearing from the back below the cleft apex a straight and included, or usually bent and exserted, awn (awn

obsolete or nearly so in one species). Tufted perennials with flat blades and

open or usually contracted or spikelike panicles. Species about 65, in the arctic

and temperate regions of both hemispheres.

Lemmas awnless or nearly so, pubescent 4. T. pringlei.

Lemmas awned from the back.

Lemmas scabrous 1. T. irazuense.

Lemmas glabrous.

Panicle narrow, rather compact 2. T. deyeuxioides.

Panicle open, the branches spreading 3. T. viride.

1, Trisetum irazuense (Kuntze) Hitchc. Proc. Biol. Soc. Washington 40: 82.

1927.

CalamagrosUs irazuensie Kuntze, Rev. Gen. PL 2: 763. 1891.

Trisetum scabriflorum Hitchc. Contr. U. S, Nat. Herb. 24: 358. 1927.

Culms lax, more or less decumbent or spreading; glabrous, 60 to 120 cm. tall; sheaths pubescent or the upper ones glabrous; blades flat, sparsely pilose on both surfaces, mostly 2 to 3 mm. wide; panicle narrow, somewhat loose and interrupted, nodding, greenish or purplish, 15 to 20 cm. long, the branches HITCHCOCK—THE GRASSES OP CENTRAL, AMERICA 587

ascending, rather lax, some of them floriferous to base, the longer as much as 5

cm. long; spikelets 2 or 3 flowered, 5 to 8 mm. long, the florets extending above

the glumes, the rachilla joints long-pilose, 1 to 2 mm. long; glumes scabrous on

the keels, mostly on the upper half, or toward the apex only, the first rather

narrow, acuminate, 1-nerved, 4 to 5 mm. long, the second broader and rather

abruptly acuminate, 3-nerved, 5 to 6 mm. long; lemmas compressed, lanceolate,

slightly toothed, obscurely 5-nerved, scabrous all over the back and somewhat

wrinkled or roughened, the lower 5 to 6 mm. long, the others a little shorter,

the callus hairs about 0.5 mm. long; awn inserted one-third below the apex,

loosely twisted and flexuous for about 2 mm., the terminal part spreading, 5

to 7 mm. long; palea a little shorter than the lemma.

Costa Rica (type from IrazO); Panama; pastures andp&ramos,2,000to3,300

meters. Costa Rica to Ecuador.

2. Trisetum deyeuxioides (H. B. K.) Kuntil, R6v. Gram. 1: 102. 1829.

Avena deyeuxioides H. B. K. Nov. Gen. & Sp, 1:147. 1810.

Lax, erect or decumbent, about 1 meter tall; sheaths glabrous; blades flat, 2

to 6 mm, wide; panicles narrow, rather loose or interrupted, nodding, soft, 10

to 25 cm. long; glumes narrow, about equal, 4 to 6 mm. long; lemmas narrow,

nearly terete, glabrous, 3 to 6 mm, long, the geniculate, twisted exserted awn

attached about the middle; rachilla hairs abundant.

Guatemala; Panama (El Boquete) ; grassy banks and thickets, 700 to 2,000

meters. Mexico, whence the type, to Ecuador.

2a. Trisetum deyeuxioides pubescens Scribn.; Beal, Grasses N. Amer. 2:

374. 1899.

Deyeuxia, evoluta Fourn. Bull. Soc. Bot. France 04: 181.1877.

Trisetum evolutum Hitchc. Contr. U. S. Nat. Herb. 17: 325. 1913.

Differing from the species in having pubescent sheaths.

Guatemala (San Rafael; Antigua) ; El Salvador (Volc&n de San Salvador) ;

habitat of the species. Mexico, whence the type, and Central America.

3. Trisetum viride (H. B. K.) Kunth, R6v. Gram. 1: 101. 1829.

Avena viridis H. B. K. Nov. Gen. & Sp. 1: 147. 1816.

Tufted, with creeping rhizomes; culms 30 to 50 cm. tall; blades mostly basal, flat, or loosely involute, narrowed to a fine point, 10 to 15 cm. long; panicles ovoid, open, 5 to 15 cm. long, the branches spreading, slender, the lower in whorls, naked below, as much as 8 cm. long; glumes equal, rather narrow, acuminate, 4 to 5 mm. long; lower lemma about as long us the glumes, rather plainly 5-nerved, the callus hairs copious, nearly 2 mm. long, the coiled and geniculate, exserted awn attached above the middle; rachilla long-pilose.

Costa Rica; meadows and paramos, at high altitudes (above 2,000 meters).

Mexico, whence the type, and Costa Rica.

4. Trisetum pringlei (Scribn.) Hitchc. Proc. Biol, Soc. Washington 40: 82.

1927.

Grapheiihorum pringlei Scribn.; Beal, Grasses N. Amer. 2 : 561. 1896,

Densely cespito.se; culms erect, glabrous, 20 to 35 cm. tall; sheaths densely and finely pubescent, especially those of the innovations, those of the culm glabrous or pubescent only toward the summit, ciliate; blades loosely involute, those of the innovations pubescent like the sheaths, those of the culm slightly pubescent, all erect, rather firm, about 0.5 mm. thick when rolled; panicles narrow but loose, lax, somewhat nodding, 6 to 10 cm. long, the branches ascend- ing, slender, flexuous, some naked below, some floriferous from near the base; spikelets about 5 mm. long, narrow, 2-flowered (the upper floret readily de- ciduous) ; glumes glabrous, 2 and 3 mm. long; lemmas not much compressed, *

588 CONTRIBUTIONS FROM THE NATIONAL HERBARIUM

the first about 3.5 mm. long, densely pubescent, especially on the lower half, the apes somewhat toothed, the midnerve sometimes extended as a minute awn, somewhat pilose 011 the callus, 5-nerved, the nerves obscured by the pubescence, the rachilla joint pilose, the hairs short below, increasing in length toward the summit, there as much as 1 mm. long, the second lemma similar but smaller, the rachilla prolonged behind the palea as a pilose bristle more than half the length of the floret.

Costa Rica (Cerro de las Vueltas); Panama (Chiriqut Volcano); paramos at high altitudes. Mexico, whence the type, to Panama.

This is an anomalous species of Trisetum, with the aspect of a species of Poa, and appears to be allied to 7\ xoolfii Vasey of the western United States, the lemmas, as in that, being awnless or with a minute awn from the summit instead of from the back.

28. AVENA L. Sp. PI. 79. 1753. Oat

Spikelets 2 to several-flowered, the rachilla bearded, disarticulating above the glumes and between the florets; glumes about equal, menibranaceuus or papery, several-nerved, longer than the lower floret, usually exceeding the upper floret; lemmas indurate, except toward the summit, 5 to 9 nerved, bideutate at the apex, bearing a dorsal bent and twisted awn (this straight and reduced in

Avena saliva). Annuals or perennials, with narrow or open, usually rather few- flowered, panicles of usually large spikelets. Species about 55, in the temperate regions.

1. Avena sterilis L. Sp. PI. ed. 2. 118. 1762, Animated oat.

Annual, as much as 1 meter tall, with flat blades and open few-flowered panicles; glumes about 3 cm. long; lemmas hirsute with long brown hairs, the awn twisted and geniculate, 3 to 5 cm, long.

Costa Rica (San Jos6). A European species introduced here and there in

America.

The cultivated oat, Avena sauva L., has glabrous florets; awn shorter than in A. sterilis, often much reduced and straight.

29. HOLCUS L. Sp. PI. 1047. 1753

(Nothotous Nash; Hitchc. in Jepson, PI. Calif. 1: 126. 1912)

Spikelets 2 flowered, the pedicel disarticulating below the glumes, the rachilla curved and somewhat elongate below the first floret, not prolonged above the second floret; glumes about equal, longer than the two florets; first floret per- fect, its lemma awnless; second floret stuminnte, its lemma awned on the back.

Perennials with flat blades and contracted panicles. Species about eight,

Europe and Africa,

1. Holcus lanatus L. Sp, PI. 1048. 1753. Velvet grass.

Notholcus lanatus Nash; Hitchc. in Jepson, Fl. Calif. 1: 120. 1912.

Perennial, 0.5 to 1 meter tall, grayish-velvety throughout, the pale, rather densely flowered narrow panicle usually 8 to 10 cm. long; glumes about 4 mm long; first floret 2 mm. long, the second smaller, with a hook like awn.

Costa Rica; pastures. 1,400 to 2,000 meters. Native of Europe, Introduced in America.

30. CALAMAGROSTIS Adans.; Roth, Tent. Fl. Germ. 1: 33. 1788

Spikelets 1-flowered, the rachilla disarticulating above the glumes, usually prolonged behind the palea as a short, commonly hairy bristle; glumes about equal, acute or acuminate; lemma shorter and usually more delicate than the HITCHCOCK—THE GRASSES OP CENTRAL AMERICA 589

glumes, the callus bearing a tuft of hairs which are often copious and as long as the lemma, awned from the back, usually below the middle, the awn delicate and straight, or stouter and exserted, bent and sometimes twisted; palea shorter than the lemma. Perennials with small spikelets in open or usually narrow, sometimes spikelike panicles. Species over 100, In the cool and temperate regions of both hemispheres.

Callus hairs short (less than 0.5 mm. long).

Culms erect from a compact base; blades involute 1. C. intermedia.

Culms decumbent, rather loose at base; blades flat, becoming involute.

2. C. pittieri.

Callus hairs more than 1 mm. long.

Culms creeping at base; blades flat, becoming involute 3. C. guateraalensis.

Culms erect, eespitose; blades hard, closely involute 4. C. junciformis,

1. Calamagrostis intermedia (Presl) Steud. Nom. Bot. ed. 2. 1: 250. 1840.

Deyeuxia stricta H. B. K. Nov. Gen. & Sp. 1: 146. 1816. Not mayrostis

Stricta Koel. 1802.

Deyeuxia intermedia Presl, Rel. Hacnk. 1: 249, 1830.

Oalamagrostis humboldtiana Steud. Nom. Bot. ed. 2. 1: 250. 1840.

Erect, pale, eespitose, culms 30 to 100 cm. tall; blades erect, scabrous, involute; panicles narrow, rather loose, 15 to 35 cm. long; glumes about 6 mm. long; lemma 5 mm. long, scaberulous, toothed, the callus hairs short; awn bent and exserted; ra chill a 2.5 to 3 mm. long, pilose with rather short hairs.

Costa Rica (Cerro de Buena Vista, 3,100 meters); moist paramos. Costa

Rica to Argentina, Type from Colombia.

2. Calamagrostis pittieri Hack. Oesterr. Bot. Zeitschr. 52: 108. 1902.

Culms erect or decumbent at base, rather loosely eespitose, 30 to 50 cm. tall; sheaths, at least the lower, puberulous; blades rather short and clustered at the base of the plant, flat or loosely involute, pilose on the upper surface; panicles narrow, rather loose, 10 to 20 cm, long, the branches ascending, some of the lower naked at base; glumes narrow, acuminate, about 5 mm. long; lemma a little shorter than the glumes, the callus hairs short, the awn attached just above the middle of the back, geniculate, twisted below, the terminal segment horizontal, 5 mm. long; rachilla 2 mm. long, strongly pilose with hairs 3 mm. long.

Costa Rica (Cerro de Buena Vista, 3,100 meters, the type; Cerro de la Muerte,

3,100 meters).

3. Calamagrostis guatemalensis Hitche, Proc. Biol. Soc. Washington. 40; 82.

1927,

Culms erect from a creeping base, 30 to 60 cm. tall; sheaths glabrous or slightly scaberulous; blades numerous on lower part of plant, firm, flat, becom- ing involute, 1 to 3 mm. wide, scabrous on both surfaces; panicles narrow, con- densed, sometimes interruptedly spikelike, 7 to 12 cm. long, purplish or brown- ish, the branches ascending or appressed, as much as 3 cm. long floriferous nearly to the base; glumes equal, acute, scaberulous, 4 to 5 mm. long; lemma minutely scaberulous, 4 mm. long, the narrow apex with 4 fine teeth, the callus hairs about half as long as the lemma; awn attached less than 1 mm. above base, the twisted straight part nearly as long as the lemma, the terminal part bent sharply to one side, 3 to 6 mm. long; rachilla a little more than 1 mm. long, clothed with hairs about 2 mm. long,

Guatemala (Volc&n de Agua, the type, and Volcano Atitl&n); 2,700 to 3,100 meters, in humus. 590 CONTRIBUTIONS FROM THE NATIONAL HERBARIUM

4. Calamagrostis junciformis (H. B. K.) Steud. Norn. Bot. ed. 2. 1: 250. 1840.

Deyeuxia juncifvrmAs H. B. K. Nov. Gen. & Sp. 1: 143. 1816.

Erect, densely cespitose; culms 20 to 40 cm. tall, with smooth slimy sheaths,

firm, involute nearly glabrous blades, 20 to 30 cm, long and 1 to 1.5 mm. thick;

panicles loose, 10 to 15 cm. long, the slender branches spreading; flumes about

6 mm. long, rather wide; lemma about as Ions as the glumes, puberulous toward

the tip, the callus hairs about one-tliird as long as the lemma, the awn attached

about the middle, geniculate, twisted and hispidulous below, the terminal seg-

ment horizontal, about 5 mm. long; rachilla 1.5 mm. long, the hairs 1 to 2 mm.

long.

Guatemala (Volcitn Tajumulco, 4,100 meters; Volcfin de Agua, 2,300 meters) ;

paramos. Mexico, whence the type, and Guatemala.

31. AGROSTIS L. Sp. PI. 01. 1753. Bentgrass

Spikelets 1-flowered, disarticulating above the glumes, tlie rachilla usually

not prolonged; glumes equal or nearly so, acute, acuminate, or sometimes awn-

pointed, carinate, usually scabrous on the keel and sometimes on the back;

lemma obtuse, usually shorter and thinner in texture than the glumes, awnless

or dorsally awited, often hairy on the callus; palea usually shorter than the

lemma, 2-nerved in only a few species, usually small and nerveless or obsolete.

Perennials, rarely annuals, with open or contracted panicles of small spikelets.

Species about 100, in temperature and cold regions, especially in the Northern

Hemisphere,

Rachilla prolonged behind the palea as a bristle 1. A, bacillata.

Rachilla not prolonged.

Palea present.

Lemma awned 2. A. pittieri.

Lemma awnless.

Panicle somewhat open and spreading 3. A. stolonifera.

Panicle dense, more or less lobed or interrupted 4. A. verticillata.

Palea wanting.

Panicle open, the branches spreading. Spikelets awnless; blades flat.

Spikelets about 3 mm. long; lower panicle branches as much as 10 cm.

long- 5. A. perermans.

Spikelets about 2 mm. long; lower panicle branches not more than 5 cm.

long 0. A. turrialbae.

Panicle narrow, the branches ascending or appressed.

Spikelets about 3 mm. long, mostly purple; lemma 2 mm. long; panicle

rather loose 7. A. hoffmanni.

Spikelets about: 2 mm. long, mostly green; lemma 1.5 mm. long; panicles

condensed, more or less interrupted 8. A. tolucensis.

1. Agrostis bacillata Hack. Oesterr. Bot. Zeitschr. 52: 59. 1902.

Culms erect, cespitose, 25 to 40 cm. tall; leaves soft, mostly basal, blades

blades; panicles ovoid, open, 5 to S cm. long; glumes about 2 mm. long; lemma

and palea about equal, a little shorter than the glumes; rachilla prolonged as a glabrous bristle about two-thirds as long as the palea.

Costa Rica (Cerro de la Muerte, 3,100 meters, the type; Cerro de las Vueltas,

2,700 to 3,000 meters); paramos.

2. Agrostis pittieri Hack. Oesterr. Bot. Zeitschr. 52 : 60. 1902.

Culms erect, cespitose, 25 to 40 cm. tall; leaves soft, mostly basal, blades involute, panicles narrow, rather loose, 5 to 15 cm. long, the branches ascending; HITCHCOCK—THE GRASSES OP CENTRAL AMERICA 591

glumes 3 to 3.5 mm. long; lemma about half as long as the glumes, 4-toothed,

the awn from about the middle of the back; palea about one-third as long as

the lemma.

Costa Rica (Volc&n de Pods, 2,500 meters, the type); sphagnum bogs.

3. Agrostis stolonifera L. Sp, PI. 62. 1753. Creeping bent.

Spreading perennial, with erect culms from a creeping base; blades flat;

panicles narrow, loose; spikelets awnless, the palea well developed.

Costa Rica; wet meadows, introduced from Europe. A good pasture grass.

4. Agrostis verticillata Vill. Prosp. PI. Dauph. 16. 1779.

Decumbent or spreading perennial; culms 20 to 40 cm. or even as much as 1

meter long; blades flat; panicles dense, more or less interrupted or lobed, 5 to

10 cm., or sometimes 15 cm., long; spikelets about 2 mm. long, the glumes

scabrous; lemma and palea about 1 mm. long.

Guatemala; ditches and moist places, 1,000 to 2,000 meters altitude. A Euro-

pean species widely naturalized from southern United States to Argentina at

low and medium altitudes.

fi. Agrostis perennans (Wait-) Tuck. Amer. Journ. Sci. 45: 44. 1843.

Cornucopiae perennans Walt. FI. Carol. 74. 1788.

Lax, often decumbent; culms 40 to 80 cm. tall, with flat blades and narrow,

rather diffuse panicles 10 to 20 cm. long, the capillary branches verticillate;

spikelets awnless; palea none.

Guatemala (Cobfin, 1,300 meters) ; fields, pastures, and open woods. United

States to Bolivia; also in Japan. Type from South Carolina.

6. Agrostis turrialbae Mez, Repert. Sp. Nov. Fedde 18: 4. 1922.

Rather lax, culms 10 to 30 cm. tall, blades flat, 1 to 2 mm. wide, mostly basal,

panicles oblong, open, 5 to 10 cm. long, the branches somewhat divaricately

spreading; spikelets about 2 mm. long; lemma 1.5 mm. long, awnless; palea

wanting.

Costa Rica (Turrialba, 2,000 to 2,600, the type at 2,600 meters; Cerro de las

Vueltas, 2,700 to 3,000 meters); pastures and wet paramos.

7. Agrostis hoffmanni Mez, Repert. Sp. Nov. Fedde 18: 3. 1922.

Loosely cespitose; culms 30 to 50 cm. tall; blades flat or loosely involute; panicles narrow, 8 to 15 cm. long, the branches ascending or appressed; glumes

3 mm. long; lemma with a bent awn; palea wanting.

Guatemala (Voledn tie Agua) ; Costa Rica (Irazfi, the type, and Cerro de Ul

Muerte, 3,100 meters); shady places. Guatemala to Chile.

5. Agrostis tolucensis H, B. K. Nov. Gen. & Sp. 1: 135. 1816.

Agrostis vircscens H. B. K. Nov. Gen. & Sp. 1: 135. 1816.

Erect or somewhat spreading; culms 10 to 50 cm. tall; blades flat or loosely involute; panicles narrow, rather dense or spikelike, often interrupted, 5 to 20 cm. long; glumes 2 to 3 mm. long, scabrous on the keel, sometimes also spar- ingly on the back; awn present or wanting; palea wanting.

Guatemala, Costa Rica, Panama; paramos and peaks of the high mountains, mostly above 2,700 meters, Mexico, whence the type, to Chile.

32. CINNA L. Sp. PL 5. 1753

Spikelets 1-flowe red, disarticulating below the glumes, the rachilla forming a stipe below the floret and produced behind the palea as a minute bristle; glumes equal, l-nerved; lemma similar to the glumes, nearly as long, 3-nerved, bearing a minute, short, straight awn just below the apex; palea apparently l-nerved,

1-keeled. Tall perennials with flat blades and loose panicles. Species three, 592 CONTRIBUTIONS FROM THE NATIONAL HERBARIUM

North America and northern Eurasia, two in the United States and one in

Mexico and southward.

1. Cinna poaeformis (H. B. K.) Scribn. & Merr. U. S. Dept. Agr. Div. Agrost.

Bull. 24: 21. 1901.

Deyeuxia poaeformis H. B. K. Nov. Gen. & Sp. 1: 146. 1816.

Ginnastrum miliaoeum Fourn. Mex. PI. 2: 91. 1886.

Cinnaiatrum poacforme Fourn. Mex. Pi. 2: 01. 1886.

Rather lax, culm about 1 meter tall; blades flat, as much as 7 mm. wide; panicle narrow, open, as much as 40 cm. long, the branches ascending or spread-

ing, naked below, rather densely flowered above; spikelets 3 mm. long; palea

as long as lemma; rudiment slender, glabrous.

Costa Rica, Panama; wet thickets and moist banks, 2,000 to 3,000 meters.

Mexico, whence the type, to Peru.

33. FOLYPOGON Desf. Fl. Atlant. 1: 60. 1798

Spikelets 1-flowered, the pedicel disarticulating a short distance below the

glumes, leaving a short-pointed callus attached ; glumes equal, entire or 2 lobed,

awned from the tip or from between the lobes, the awn slender, straight;

lemma much shorter than the glumes, hyaline, usually bearing a slender straight

awn shorter than the awns of the glumes. Annuals or perennials, with flat

blades and dense, bristly spike!ike panicles. Species about 10, in temperate

regions, chiefly in the Eastern Hemisphere.

1. Polypogon elongatus H. B. K, Nov. Gen. & gp. 1; 134. 1816.

Lax, usually decumbent perennial, as much as 1 meter tall; blades flat;

panicles narrow, dense but interrupted, nodding, 10 to 20 cm. long; glumes

about 3 mm. long, acuminate-aristate; lemma about 1.5 mm. long, the awn about

2 mm. long.

Guatemala, Costa Rica, Panama; marshes, borders of streams, ditches, and

wet places, 1,000 to 2,500 meters. Mexico to Argentina. Type from Ecuador.

34. PEREILEMA Presl, Rel. Haenk. 1: 233. pi. 87. f. a. 1830

Spikelets 1-flowered, surrounded at base by numerous sterile spikelets in the

form of bristles or delicate bracts. Annuals with narrow flat blades and nar-

row condensed, more or less interrupted, panicles, silky with the numerous

awns. Species 3, tropical America,

Lemma about 1.5 mm. long 1. P. crinitum.

Lemma 2 to 3 mm. long 2. P. beyrichianura.

1. Pereilema crinitum Presl, Rei. Haenk, 1: 233, pi. 37. f. a. 1830.

Erect annual, 20 to 40 cm. tall; blades flat; panicles dense, spikelike above,

interrupted or lobed below, 5 to 15 cm. long, bristly with awns 1 to 2 cm, long;

lemma about 1.0 mm. long.

Guatemala, El Salvador, Costa Rica, Panama, whence the type; open ground,

brushy slopes and moist banks, at low and medium altitudes. Mexico to-

Ecuador.

2. Pereilema beyrichianum (Kuntli) Hitchc. Contr. U. S. Nat, Herb. 24: 385.

1927.

Pereilema brasilianum Trin. Mfim. Acad, St. P&tersb. VI. Sci. Nat. 41: 136.

1841; 382. 1845.

Differing from P. crinitum in the looser interrupted panicle, the lower

branches spreading or somewhat re flexed, rather distant, 1 to 2 cm. long;

sterile spikelets fewer; lemma 2 to 3 mm. long. HITCHCOCK—THE GRASSES OF CENTRAL AMERICA 593

Costa Rica (Lano Grande de Pursical). Moist slopes, Costa Bica to Ecuador

and Brazil, whence the type.

35. MUHLENBERGIA Schrcb.; Gmel. Syst. Nat. 2: 171. 1791

Spikelets 1-flowered, the rachilla disarticulating above the glumes; glumes

usually shorter than the lemma, obtuse to acuminate or awned, the first some-

times small, rarely obsolete; lemma firm-membranaceous, 3 to 5 nerved, with a

very short, usually minutely pilose callus, the apex acute, extending into a

straight or flexuous awn, or sometimes only mucronate. Perennials or annuals,

with narrow or open panicles. Species about 80, mostly in Mexico and the

southwestern United States, a few in the eastern part of the Old World.

Plants perennial.

Second glume 3-toothed 1. M, quadridentata.

Second glume entire.

Culms erect, densely cespitose; panicle open, the branches capillary.

2. M. elata.

Culms branching and straggling; panicle condensed 3. M. setarioides.

Plants annual.

Glumes, or some of them, awned, the awn as long as the body of the glume or

longer.

One glume of some of the upper spikelets of each branch long awned.

4. M. diversiglumis.

One glume and often both of all spikelets awned.

Panicle open, the spikelets somewhat appressed along the spreading

primary branches; lemma ciliate 5. M. ciliata.

Panicle narrow, the branches appressed; lemma not ciliate 6, M. tenella.

Glumes not awned, sometimes acute.

Glumes acute or mucronate; body of lemma 1.5 mm. long 7. M. tenuissima.

Glumes obtuse; body of lemma 2 to 3 mm. long.

Pedicels capillary, flexuous or recurved 8. M. implicate

Pedicels short, relatively stout, often reflexed but not curved or flexuous.

9. M. microsperma.

1. Muhlenbergia quadridentata (H. B. K.) Kunth, R6v. Gram. 1: 04. 1829.

Podosaemum quadridentatum H. B. K. Nov. Gen. & Sp. 1: 130. 1816.

Muhlenbergia flabellata Mez, Bepert. Sp. Nov. Fedde 17: 213. 1921.

Perennial; culms erect from a rhizomatous or decumbent base, 30 to 50 cm.

tall; sheaths compressed and with age flattened out and papery; blades rather

firm, flat or involute, short, 1 to 2 mm. wide; panicles narrow, condensed, 3 to

10 cm. long; glumes unequal shorter than the lemma, tbe second 3-toothed, the

teeth short, acute; lemma about 4 mm. long, narrowed upward, glabrous, the

awn as long as or longer than the body.

Costa Bica (Cerro de Buena Vista, near the summit, 3,100 meters altitude; a

specimen beyond maturity with most of the spikelets fallen) ; grassy hillsides

and open woods. Also Mexico, whence the type.

2. Muhlenbergia elata Vasey, Contr. U. S. Nat. Herb. 1: 282. 1893.

Densely cespitose perennial; culms erect, about 1 meter tall; blades involute,

scabrous, elongate, slender; panicles open, oblong, 20 to 40 cm. long, the spread-

ing branches and branchlets capillary; glumes soft, 1 and 1.5 mm. long, acute,

awnless; lemma 4 to 5 mm. long, the slender awn 5 to 15 mm. long.

Guatemala (Guatemala City); prairies and grassy hills. Mexico, whence the type, to Peru. 594 CONTRIBUTIONS FROM THE NATIONAL HERBARIUM

3. Muhlenbergia setarioides Fourn. Mex. PL 2: 84. 1886.

Muhlenbergia sylvatica setarioides Deal, Grasses N. Amer. 2 : 249. 1896.

Muhlenbergia polypogonoides Hack. Ann. Naturhist. Hofmus. Wien 17: 255.

1902.

Perennial; culms branching, straggling, decumbent and rooting at the nodes, as much as a meter or more long; blades flat, 3 to 10 cm. long, 3 to 7 mm. wide, lax; panicles narrow, rather dense but more or less Interrupted, 5 to 15 cm,

long; glumes unequal, acute, the second 1.5 to 2 nun. long; lemma about 2 mm. long, acuminate, the awn flexuous, 5 to 10 mm. long.

Guatemala, El Salvador, Costa Rica, Panama; moist thickets and shady banks, 1,000 to 2,000 meters. Mexico, whence the type, to Panama.

4. Muhlenbergia diversiglumis Trin. M£m. Acad. St, P&tersb. VI. Sci. Nat. 41:

298. 1841.

Muhlenbergia trinii Fourn.; Hemsl, Biol. Centr. Amer. Bot. 3: 543. 1885.

Brachyelptrum pringlci Vasey; Beal, Grasses N. Amer. 2: 267. 1896, as

synonym of Muhlenbergia trinii Fourn.

Annual; culms branching, slender, soft and las, creeping or spreading, as

much as 40 cm. long; blades flat, 2 to 4 cm. long, 1 to 3 mm. wide; panicles oblong, rather open, 4 to 8 cm. long; lower branches of panicle bearing several spikelets, the upper with a single spikelet, the pedicels slender and flexuous at base, thickened above, sometimes 2 or 3 spikelets on a branch, the pedicels straight

and stiffly appressed; glumes very short, scarcely 0.5 mm. long, the first (oil the

upper spikelets of a branch) bearing a scabrous awn as much as 2 mm. long;

lemma narrow, about 4 mm. long, bearing a slender awn 5 to 10 mm. long. The cluster of spikelets ultimately falls entire from the main axis.

Guatemala, El Salvador, Costa Rica; moist banks and brush slopes, 1,200 to

1,800 meters. Mexico, whence the type, to Peru.

5. Muhlenbergia ciliata (II. B. K.) Kunth, Rev. Gram. 1: 63. 1829.

Podosaemum ciliatum H. B. K. Nov. Gen. & Sp. 1: 128. 1816.

Annual; culms branching, slender, lax, spreading, 10 to 30 cm. long; blades

2 to 3 cm. long, 1 to 2 mm. wide; panicles 3 to 8 cm. long, the spikelets appressed

along the distant spreading branches (these 1 to 2 cm. long) ; glumes, including

the awn-point, about 1 mm. long; lemma about 2 mm. long, the slender awn 5 to

10 mm. long.

Guatemala, El Salvador, Costa Rica, Panama; open ground and shady banks,

700 to 2,000 meters. Mexico, whence the type, to Panama.

6. Muhlenbergia tenella (H. B. It.) Trin. Gram. Unifl. 192. 1824.

Podosaemum tcnetlum H. B. K. Nov. Gen. & Sp. 1: 128. 1810.

Muhlenbergia exilis Fourn. Mex. PI. 2: 84. 1886.

Annual; culms branching, slender, spreading, 10 to 20 cm. long; blades flat, 1 to 5 cm. long, 1 to 2 mm. wide; panicles narrow, 3 to 6 cm. long, rather densely flowered, the branches appressed, silky from the numerous awns; glumes un- equal, broad at base, narrowed to a short awn about as long as the body, the

total length of the second about 1 mm.; lemma acuminate, about 2.5 mm. long, the slender awn 10 to 15 mm. long.

Guatemala, El Salvador, Oo.sta Rica, Panama; shady banks, walls, and open

ground, at medium altitudes. Mexico, whence the type, to Panama.

7. Muhlenbergia tenuissima (Presl) Kunth, R6v. Gram. 1: Suppl. XVI. 1830.

Podosaemum tenuissimum Presl, Rel. Ilaenk. 1: 230 1830.

Muhlenbergia ncbulosa Scrihn.; Beal, Grasses N. Amer. 2: 247. 1896.

Annual; culms branching, slender, spreading, 10 to 30 cm. long; blades small

and narrow; panicles oblong, open, 5 to 10 cm. long, the branches and pedicels HITCHCOCK—THE GRASSES OF CENTRAL AMERICA 595

capillary; glumes about equal, about 0.5 mm. long, awnless; lemma about 1.5 mm. long, the awn 5 mm. long.

Panama; savannas, Pacific side. Also Mexico, Pacific slope. Originally described from Panama and Mexico.

8. Muhlenbergia implicata (II, B. K.) Kunth, Rev. Gram. 1: 63. 1829.

Podosaemum implicatum H. B. K. Nov. Gen. & Sp. 1; 127. 1816.

Annual, soft and lax; culms branching, slender, spreading, 20 to 40 cm. long; blades 1 to 2 mm. wide, flat, becoming more or less involute; panicles open, 5 to 10 cm. long, tlie branches and spreading pedicels capillary; glumes unequal, less than 0.5 mm. long, obtuse, awnless; lemma about 2.5 mm. long,

acuminate, short-pilose at base, the awn 5 to 10 mm. long.

Guatemala, El Salvador, Costa Rica; rocky hills, shady banks and open

ground, 1,000 to 2,000 meters. Mexico, whence the type, to Colombia, Venezuela.

9. Muhlenbergia micro sperm a (DC.) Kuntb, R£v. Gram. 1: 64. 1829.

Trickochloa microsperma DC. Cat. Hort. Monsp, 151. 1813.

Podosaemum debile H. B. K. Nov. Gen. & Sp. 1: 128. 1816.

Muhlenbergia debilis Kunth, R6v. Gram. 1: 63. 1829.

Annual; culms branching and spreading, 20 to 40 cm. long; blades 1 to 2 mm. wide; panicles 5 to 10 cm. long, somewhat open, the spikelets on short stiff pedicels along the main branches; glumes unequal, awnless, the second about

1 mm. long; lemma about 2 mm. long, pubescent at base, the awn 5 to 10 mm. long. *

Guatemala (Guatemala City) ; open ground and rocky slopes. Southwestern

United States and Mexico, whence the type, to Peru.

36. TRINIOCHLOA Hitchc. Contr. U. S. Nat. Herb. 17: 303. 1913 I

Spikelets 1-flowered, the rachilla not produced beyond the floret; glumes membranaceous, thin, and papery; lemma narrow, rounded on the back, firmer than the glumes, bearing a stout, geniculate, dorsal awn attached above the middle, 2-toothed at the apex, the teeth slender, the callus densely bearded.

Cespitose perennials with narrow, rather few-flowered panicles and spikelets as much as 1 cm. long excluding the awns. Species 3, Mexico to Ecuador.

1. Triniochloa stipoides (H. B. K.) Hitchc. Contr. U. S. Nat. Herb. 17: 303.

1913.

Podosaemum stipoUtes H. B. K. Nov. Gen. & Sp. 1: 131. 1816.

Podosaemum alpestre H. B. K. Nov. Gen. & Sp. 1: 131. 1816.

Muhlenbergia stipoides Kunth, R€v. Gram. 1: 64. 1829.

Avena stipoides Scribn. U. S. Dept. Agr. Div. Agrost. Circ. 19: 4. 1900.

Loosely cespitose perennial; culms 50 to 100 cm. tall, glabrous, somewhat angled; sheaths sulcate, seaberulous; panicles 10 to 20 cm. long, the branches verticillate, distant, ascending or spreading, few flowered; glumes one-third as long as the lemma; lemma terete, slender, about 1 cm. long; awn about

1 cm. long, attached below the 2-toothed apex.

Guatemala, Costa Rica; grassy hills, 2,000 to 3,000 meters altitude. Mexico to Bolivia. Type from Ecuador.

37. EPICAMPES PresJ, Rel. Haenk. 1: 235. pi. 89. 1830

Spikelets 1 flowered, the rachilla disarticulating above the glumes; glumes about equal; lemma equaling or longer than the glumes, 3-nerved, often bearing a slender awn just below the tip. Tall cespitose perennials, with open, narrow, or spikelike panicles. Species 15, southwestern United States to northern South

America. 596 CONTRIBUTIONS FROM THE NATIONAL HERBARIUM

Splkelets with a long flexuous awn 1. E. emersleyi.

Splkelets awnless or the awn scarcely exserted.

Panicle narrow but somewhat loose, the branches appressed, some of them

as much as 10 cm. long, naked below 2. E. stricta.

Panicle dense and spikelike 3. £. macroura.

1. Epicampes emersleyi (Vasey) Hitclic. U. S. Dept. Agr, Bull. 772:144. 1920.

Muhlenbergia emersleyi Vasey, Contr. U. S. Nat. Herb. 3: 66. 1892.

Muhlenbergia vaseyana Scribn. Rep. Mo. Bot. Gard. 10: 52. 1899.

Similar to E. stricta; splkelets 2 to 3 mm. long, the lemma with a slender flexuous awn as much as 3 cm. long.

Guatemala, Costa Rica, Panama; grassy hillsides and dry prairies, up to

1,500 meters. Southwestern United States to Panama. Type from Arizona.

0. Epicampes stricta Fresl, Bel. Ha en k. 1: 235. pi. 89. 1830.

Densely cespitose perennial, 1 to 1.5 meters tall; blades elongate, very scab- rous, flat or folded, 1 to 3 mm. wide; panicles grayish, narrow, 30 to 60 cm. long, the numerous branches appressed, some of them as much as 10 cm. long, naked below, rather closely flowered above; glumes 2 to 3 mm. long, scabrous; lemma about as long as the glumes, awnless.

Guatemala; dry or rocky hills and sandy prairies, at medium altitudes.

Mexico, whence the type, the exact locality not known. The identity of E.

stricta Presl is uncertain, and the name is used only tentatively for the species here described.

3. Epicampes macroura (H. B. K.) Benth. Journ. Linn. Soc. Bot. 19: 87. 1881.

Crypsis macroura H, B. K. Nov. Gen. & Sp. 1: 140. 1816.

Culms erect, densely cespitose; blades involute, slender, elongate, scabrous; panicles pale or dark, dense and spikelike, 10 to 30 cm. long; glumes acute or* acuminate, about 6 to 7 mm. long; lemma shorter than the glumes, awnless.

Guatemala; dry hills and slopes, 2,000 to 3,000 meters. Mexico, whence the type.

38. SPOROBOLUS R. Br. Prodr. Fl. Nov. Holl. 169, 1810

Splkelets 1 flowered, the rachilla disarticulating above the glumes; glumes usually unequal, the second often as long as the spikelet; lemma membranace- ous, l-nerved, awnless; palea usually prominent and as long as the lemma or longer; seed free from the pericarp. Annuals or perennials, with small spike- lets in open or contracted panicles. Species about 95, in the warm regions of both hemispheres, most abundant In America.

Plants annual.

Glumes unequal, the second as long as the spikelet, the first half as long.

Panicle open, the branches spreading, naked below; splkelets about 1.5 mm.

long 1. S, macrospermus.

Panicle narrow, almost spikelike, the branches appressed, fioriferous from

base; splkelets about 2 mm, long 2. S. ciliatus.

Glumes about equal.

Pedicels short, rather stout 3. S. ramulosus.

Pedicels capillary 4. S. minutlssimus.

Plants perennial.

Creeping rhizomes conspicuous 5. S. littoralis.

Creeping rhizomes wanting, the plants cespitose.

Second glume as long as the spikelet, the first about half as long. HITCHCOCK—THE GRASSES OF CENTRAL AMERICA 597

Spikelets 2.5 to 4 mm. long.

Basal sbe&ths copiously felty-ciliate; spikelets 3.5 to 4 mm. long.

6. S. cubensis.

Basal sheaths not felty; spikelets 2.5 mm. long 7. S. purpurascens.

Spikelets 1.5 mm. long 8. S. argntus.

Second and first glumes about equal, much shorter than the spikelet.

Panicle branches slender, rather loosely arranged; blades slender and lax;

glumes about 0.3 mm. long, nearly equal 9. S. indicus.

Panicle branches short, contiguous, forming a narrow, rather compact

spike; blades firm, as much as 5 mm. wide; glumes 0.5 to 1 mm. long,

unequal 10. S. elongatus.

1. Sporobolus macrospermus Scribn.; Beal, Grasses N. Amer. 2: 302. 1896.

Erect, slender annual, 15 to 30 cm. tall; blades short and narrow, pilose on the upper surface; panicle oblong, open, 3 to 6 cm. long, the slender branches in whorls, spreading, 1 to 2 cm. long; spikelets brownish, a little more than 1.5 mm. long; first glume about half as long as the spikelet; second glume as long as the spikelet.

Guatemala (Laguna de Ayarza, 2,500 meters) ; open ground. Mexico, whence the type, and Guatemala.

& Sporobolus ciliatus Presl, Rel. Haenk. 1: 242. 1830.

Vilfa oiliata Trin. M6m. Acad. St Pfitersb. VI. Scl. Nat. 4': 63. 1840.

Vilfa preslii Steud. Nom. Bot. ed. 2. 2: 768. 1841.

Annual; culms 10 to 30 cm. tall, the leaves mostly toward the base; blades rather stiff, mostly 5 to 10 cm. long, as much as 5 mm. wide; panicle spike- like somewhat interrupted mostly bronze brown; spikelets a little less than 2 mm. long; first glume less than half as long as the spikelet; second glume as long as the spikelet.

Honduras, Costa Rica, Panama; savannas, Pacific side, at low altitudes.

Honduras to Brazil. Type from Panama,

3. Sporobolus ramulosus (H. B. K.) Kunth, R6v. Gram. 1: 68. 1829.

Vilfa ramulosa H. B. K. Nov. Gen. & Sp. 1: 137. 1816.

Sporobolus r-acemosus Vasey, Bull. Torrey Club 14: 9. 1887.

Slender erect or spreading branching annual, 5 to 15 cm. tall; blades small and narrow; panicles oblong, 1 to 5 cm. long, open, the ultimate pedicels rather short and stiff; spikelets a little more than 1 mm. long, acute; glumes nearly equal, about half as long as the spikelet.

Guatemala (Santa Maria; Todos los Santos, 3,000 meters); Costa Rica (Vol- c&n de Irazfi) ; open ground. Southwestern United States to Guatemala. Type from Mexico.

4. Sporobolus minutissimus (Steud.) Hitchc. Proc. Biol. Soc. Washington 41:

161. 1028.

Affrostis minutissima Steud. Syn. PI. Glum, l: 171. 1854.

Vilfa confusa Fourn. Mex. PL 2: 101. 1886.

Sporobolus confusus Vasey, Bull. Torrey Club 15; 293. 1888.

Rather delicate annual, 10 to 30 cm. tall, erect or spreading; blades about 1

mm. wide; panicles usually more than half the entire length of the plant,

oblong, open, the flexuous slender branches spreading; spikelets about 1 mm.

long; glumes equal, about half as long as the spikelet, sometimes plubescent.

Guatemala (Santa Maria, Volcftn de Agua) ; Costa Rica; open ground at

medium altitudes. Western United States to Costa Rica. Type from Mexico. 598 CONTRIBUTIONS FROM THE NATIONAL HERBABIUM

5. Sporobolus littoralis (Lam.) Kunth, R6v. Gram. 1: 68. 1829.

Agrostia littoralis Lam. Tabl. Encycl. 1: 161. 1701.

Culms 50 to 70 cm. or even as much as 100 cm. tall, erect from extensively

creeping hard scaly rhizomes; leaves numerous, conspicuously distichous, 'the

sheaths overlapping; blades firm, involute-pointed; panicles spikelike, com-

monly 10 to 15 cm. long. Extensive colonies of sterile plants often found along

sandy beaches.

Guatemala, Honduras, C»sta Rica, Panama; salt marshes and sandy soil

along the sea coast. Southern Florida to Brazil. Originally described from

tropical America.

0. Sporobolus cubensis Hitchc. Contr. U. S. Nat. Herb. 12: 237. 1909,

Plants in dense bunches with numerous innovations; culms 30 to 60 cm. tall,

the basal sheaths (especially of the innovations) woolly or villous; blades long

and narrow, firm, folded; panicle narrow but open, the branches ascending,

more or less whorlcd; spikelets 3 mm. long, the first glume about half as long.

Costa Rica (Cafias Gordas); Panama (Frijoles); savannas, at low alti-

tudes. Costa Rica and the West Indies to Venezuela, and British Guiana. Type

from Isle of Pines.

7. Sporobolus purpurascens (Swartz) Hamilt. Prodr. PI. Ind. Occ. 5. 1825.

Agrostis purpurascens Swartz, Prodr. Veg. Ind. Occ. 25, 1788.

Erect perennial, 30 to 50 cm. tall; blades mostly basal, 4 to 8 mm. wide, dilate

near base; panicles condensed, brownish drab, 8 to 15 cm. long, the short

branches in whorls; spikelets 3 mm. long; first glume less than half as long as

the spikelet; second glume as long as the spikelet.

Guatemala (CobUn) ; Costa Rica; grassland, at low and medium altitudes*

Mexico and the West Indies to Brazil and Bolivia. Type from Jamaica.

8. Sporobolus argutus (Nees) Kunth, Enum. PI. 1: 215.1833.

VUfa arguta Nees, Agrost. Bras. 395. 1829.

Low tufted glabrous perennial; culms spreading; blades short, rather thick,

subinvolute; panicles pale, many-flowered, at first contracted, at maturity nar-

rowly pyramidal or oblong; spikelets 1.5 mm. long; first glume about half as

long as the spikelet, the second as long as the spikelet.

El Salvador; open sandy or alkaline soil, at low altitudes. Southwestern

United States and the West Indies to Argentina. Type from Brazil.

9. Sporobolus indicus (L.) R. Br. Prodr. Fl. Nov. Holl. 170. 1810.

Agrostis indica L. Sp. PI. 63. 1753.

Sporobolus jacquemontii Kunth, R6v. Gram. 2 : 427. pi. 127. 1831.

Culms erect, 0.6 to 1 meter tall, in large clumps with numerous leafy shoots

at the base; panicle 15 to 30 cm. long, the slender branches ascending, the

short-pediceled spikelets mostly borne along the lower side. Often forming an

almost pure stand on open slopes, an important constituent of native pastures.

Costa Rica, Panama; savannas and dry hills, at low altitudes. Mexico

and the West Indies to Colombia and Brazil. Type from Jamaica.

10. Sporobolus elongatus R. Br. Prodr. Fl. Nov. Holl. 170. 1810.

Agrostis elongala Lam. Tabl. Encycl. 1: 162. 1791.

VUfa 7>erteroana Trin, M4m. Acad, St. P^tersb. VI. Sci. Nat. 4': 100. 1840.

Sporobolus bertcroamts Hitchc. & Chase, Contr. U. S. Nat. Herb. 18: 370. 1917.

Resembling the preceding, the panicle narrower, the shorter densely flowered branches erect. The abundant reddish ripe grains extruded from the glumes often remain attached to the panicle by their mucilaginous coats. Often afQpcted by a black fungus. HITCHCOCK—THE GRASSES OF CENTRAL AMERICA 599

Guatemala, Honduras, El Salvador, Nicaragua, Costa Rica, Panama; open ground, waste places and pastures, at low and medium altitudes, introduced from Asia into all of tropical America,

Oryzopsis selebi Pilger, Verli. Bot. Ver, Brand. 51: 192, 1909. I have not seen the type of this species (Guatemala, Selcr 3238). It is said to be allied to 0, fimbriata (Kunth) Hemsl.

39. STIPA L. Sp. PI. 78. 1753. Needlegrass

Spikelets 1-flowered, disarticulating above the glumes, the articulation oblique, leaving a bearded, sharp-pointed callus attached to the base of the floret; glumes membranaceous, often papery, acute or acuminate, usually long and narrow; lemma narrow, terete, firm or indurate, strongly convolute, terminat- ing in a bent and twisted, prominent, persistent awn; pa lea inclosed in the convolute lemma. Perennials, with usually convolute blades and narrow pani- cles. Species about 100, in temperate regions, especially on plains and steppes.

1. Stipa ichu (Ruiz & Pav.) Kunth, R6v. Grain. 1: 60. 1829. Ichu grass.

Jarava ichu Ruiz & Pav. Fl. Peruv. Chil. 1: 5. pi. 6. f. b. 1798.

Stipa liebmanni Fourn. Mex. PI. 2: 76. 1886.

Culms closely cespitose, often in large bunches, erect, wiry, 80 to 100 cm. tall; blades flat or usually closely involute, elongate, wiry, scabrous; panicles narrow, shiny, pale or purplish, 15 to 40 cm. long, densely flowered, soft and silky; glumes about 1 cm. long, papery; lemma fusiform, about 2.5 mm. long, short-pubescent, the short neck bearing a conspicuous tuft of hairs 3 to 4 mm. long; awn slender, 1 to 2 cm. long, flexuous.

Guatemala (Volc&n de Agua); El Salvador (above Escasti); dry hills and plains at high altitudes. Mexico to Chile. Type from Peru.

40. ABISTXDA L. Bp. PI. 82. 1753

Spikelets 1-flowered, the rachilla disarticulating obliquely above the glumes; glumes narrow, acute, accuminate, or awn-tipped; lemma indurate, narrow, terete, convolute, with a hard, sharp-pointed, usually minutely bearded callus at base, terminating above in a usually trifld awn. Annuals or perennials, with narrow, frequently convolute blades and narrow or open panicles. Species about

150, in warmer regions.

Lateral awns minute (less than 1 mm. long), or wanting.

Awn (column) twisted at base 2. A. schiedeana.

Awn not twisted.

Plants annual 3, A. jorullensis.

Plants perennial — 1. A. ternipes.

Lateral awns well developed.

Plants annual.

Column as long as the lemma, twisted; awns about 5 mm. long.

4. A. capillacea.

Column short or wanting, not twisted; awns 10 to 15 mm. long.

5. A. adscensionis.

Plants perennial.

Panicle open, the branches spreading, naked at base.

Branches of panicle stiffly spreading or reflexed at base; beak of lemma

mostly less than 2 mm. long, slightly twisted 6. A. divaricata.

Branches of panicle drooping; beak of lemma 3 to 5 mm. long, twisted.

61564—30 4 7. A. laxa, 600 CONTRIBUTIONS FROM THE NATIONAL HERBARIUM

Panicle narrow, the branches ascending or oppressed.

Column 1 cm. or more long, twisted 8, A, implexa.

Column not more than 5 mm. long.

Column of awn at maturity 3 to 5 mm. long, twisted 9. A. arizonica.

Column of awn less than 3 mm. long.

Awns at maturity equally divergent, not spirally contorted at base.

10. A. liebmanni.

Awns at maturity unequally divergent, or spirally contorted at base.

Central awn with a long semicircular curve; lateral awns shorter

than the central.

Lateral awns spreading, half as long as the centraLll. A. torta.

Lateral awns erect, two-thirds as long as the central.

12. A. virgata.

Central awn not semicircular; awns equal, contorted at base.

13. A. recurvata.

1. Aristida ternipes Cav. Icon. PI. 5: 46. 1799,

Btreptachne scabra H. B. K. Nov. Gen. & Sp. 1:124. pi. 40. 1816.

Aristida scabra Kunth, R6v. Gram. 1: 62. 1829.

Ortadhne scabra Fourn. Bull. Soc. Bot. Prance 27: 295. 1880.

Erect perennial; culms 50 to 100 cm. tall; blades flat, involute above, taper-

ing into a flue point, 2 to 3 mm. wide; panicle open, one-third to half the entire

length of the culm, the branches few, distant, spreading, scabrous, mostly naked at base; spikelets appressed at the ends of the branches; glumes about equal,

8 to 10 mm. long; lemma gradually narrowed into a laterally compressed

scabrous falcate beak, this extending into a single arcuate awn 10 to 15 mm. long; lateral awns minute or obsolete.

Guatemala, Honduras, Salvador, Nicaragua, Costa Rica, Panama; rocky hills

and dry plateaus, Arizona to Colombia, also in Cuba. Type from Panama.

A fragmentary specimen from Grenada, Nicaragua, may be var. divergent

(Vasey) Hitchc. which is distinguished by being prostrate or spreading, and

having a smaller less diffuse panicle with stiffly spreading or somewhat deflexed

branches.

2. Aristida schiedeana Trin. & Rupr. M6m. Acad, St. PStersb. VI. Sci. Nat

5 1: 120. 1842.

Erect perennial; culms 30 to 60 cm. tall; blades as much as 3mm. wide;

panicles open, as much as 30 cm. long, the branches few, distant, spreading,

naked below; glumes 10 to 15 mm. long; lemma 8 to 10 mm. long, gradually

narrowed into a scabrous twisted column, the total length to the bend 10 to 15

mm.; central awn divergent, 5 to 10 mm. long; lateral awns minute or obsolete.

Guatemala (Guatemala City) ; rocky hills and plains. Southwestern United

States to Guatemala. Type from Mexico.

3. Aristida jorullensis Kunth, RCv. Gram. 1: 62. 1829.

Btreptachne pilosa H. B. K. Nov. Gen. & Sp. 1:124. 1816. Not Aristida pilosa

LabiM.

Ortachne pilosa Nees, Seem. Bot. Voy. Herald 225. 1854.

Annual; culms slender, branching, 20 to 40 cm. tall; blades 1 to 2 mm. wide,

bearing scattered long hairs; panicles narrow, 10 to 20 cm. long, the axis slen-

der, somewhat flexuous, elongating at maturity and becoming as much as 1

meter long and more or less prostrate; glumes nearly equal, 5 to 7 mm. long;

lemma extending into a compressed beak and this into a scabrous curved or

flexuous awn 15 to 35 mm. long; lateral awns wanting. HITCHCOCK—THE GRASSES OP CENTRAL AMERICA 601

Guatemala, Honduras, El Salvador, Nicaragua, Costa Rica, Panama; dry

open ground, at low altitudes, Pacific side. Mexico, whence the type, to

Panama.

4. Aristida caplllacea Lam. Tabl. Encycl. 1:156.1791.

Delicate annual, usually much-branched at base; culms erect, 10 to 20 cm.

tall; panicles oblong, open, rarely more than 7 cm. long, the branches capillary; glumes 2.5 and 3 mm. long; lemma about 2 mm. long, extending into a slender

twisted column about 2 mm. long; awns about equal, 5 mm. long.

Honduras, British Honduras, Costa Rica, Panama; dry savannas, pastures and open ground, at low and medium altitudes. Mexico to Brazil and Bolivia.

Type from French Guiana.

5. Aristida adscenslonls L. Sp. PI. 82. 1753.

Aristida kumilis H. B, K, Nov. Gon. & Sp. 1: 121, 1816.

Aristida bromoides H. B. K. Nov. Gen. & Sp. 1: 122. 1816.

Annual, much branched at base; culms 10 to 80 cm. tall; panicles narrow,

erect, 5 to 10 cm. long in the smaller plants, looser, larger, and somewhat drooping in the larger plants; first glume G to 7 mm. long, the second 8 to 10 mm. long; lemma 8 to 9 mm. long, compressed toward the scarcely beaked sum- mit; awns about equal, 10 to 15 mm. long, equally divergent, flat and straight at base.

Guatemala (Guatemala City; Santa Ana) ; dry open ground, at low and medium altitudes. Southern United States and West Indies to Argentina; warm regions of the Old World. Type from Ascension Island.

6. Aristida divaricata Humb. & Bonpl.; Willd. Enum. PI. 1: 99. 1809.

Aristida humboldtiana Trin. & Rupr. M&n. Acad. St. P&tersb. VI. Sci. Nat.

5 *: 118. 1842.

Perennial; culms erect or spreading, 30 to 60 cm. long; blades flat or Invo-

lute, less than 3 mm. wide; panicles large and diffuse, usually as much as

half the entire length of the culm, the branches spreading or deflexed, naked

below; glumes nearly equal, about 1 cm. long; lemma about 1 cm. long, narrowed

into a scabrous more or less twisted beak about 2 mm. long; awns about

equal, 10 to 15 mm. long, straight at base.

Guatemala (Guatemala City) ; dry hills and plains. Southwestern United

States to Guatemala. Type from Mexico.

7. Aristida laxa Cav. Icon. PI. 5: 44. pi. 470. f. i. 1799.

Aristida spadioea H. B. K. Nov. Gen. & Sp. 1:123. 1816.

Erect perennial; culms as much as 1 meter tall; blades flat, the old ones

curled and flexuous, 1 to 2 mm. wide; panicle large and open, 15 to 30 cm.

long, the branches few and distant, drooping, as much as 15 cm. long, naked

below; spikelets appressed along the upper part of the branches; glumes about

equal, 8 to 12 mm. long, awn-pointed; lemma 10 to 15 mm. long including the

twisted beak 3 to 5 mm. long; awns about equal or the lateral shorter, some-

times only half as long as the central, this 10 to 15 mm. long.

British Honduras; prairies and sterile hills. Mexico to Colombia. Type

from Mexico.

8. Aristida implexa Trin. M£m. Acad. St. P6tersb, VI. Sci. Nat. 21: 48. 1836.

Erect perennial; culms 30 to 50 cm. tall; blades flat at base, as much as 3

mm. wide; panicle dense and spikelike, 10 to 20 cm. long; first glume about

15 mm. long, the second 10 to 12 mm. long, both awned; lemma about 7 mm.

long, the column strongly twisted, 2 to 2.5 cm. long; awns about equal, about

3 cm. long. 602 CONTRIBUTIONS FROM THE NATIONAL HERBARIUM

Salvador, Panama; plains and rocky slopes, Pacific side. Brazil, whence the type, to Paraguay.

9. Aristida arizonica Vasey, Bull. Torrey Club 13: 27. 1886.

Aristida pscudospadicea Hubb. Proe. Amer. Acad. 49: 500. 1913.

Aristida orizaiensis var. paeudospadicca Henr, Med. Rijks Herb. Leiden

54B: 473. 1928.

Erect perennial; culms 30 to 120 cm. tall; blades 1 to 4 mm. wide, flat or

sometimes involute; panicle erect, narrow, dense or more or less interrupted

at base, 10 to 25 cm. long; glumes equal, 10 to 15 mm. Ion#, short-awned;

lemma 1 to 1.5 cm. long, including the more or less twisted beak (column)

3 to 5 mm. long; awns about equal, 1 to 2 cm. long.

Guatemala, British Honduras, El Salvador, Panama; dry plains, stony hillsides, and open forest, mostly 1,500 to 2,500 meters. Southwestern United

States to Panama. Type from New Mexico.

10. Aristida liebmannl Fourn. Mex. PI. 2: 78. 1886.

Erect perennial; culms as much as 50 cm. tall; blades flat, involute above, 2

mm. wide; panicle narrow, 10 to 15 cm. long; glumes about equal, 1 cm. long;

lemma about as long as the glumes, the somewhat twisted beak 2 mm. long;

awns somewhat divergent, the central 1.5 to 2 cm. long, the lateral a little

shorter.

Guatemala (vicinity of Izabel) ; savannas. Mexico, whence the type, and

Guatemala.

11. Aristida torta (Nees) Kunth, Enutn. PL 1: 190. 1833.

ChaetaHa torta Nees, Agrost. Bras. 386. 1829.

Aristida breviglumis Mez, Repert. Sp. Nov. Fedde 17: 152. 1921.

Erect perennial; culms 40 to 80 cm. tall; blades flat or involute, 1 to 3 mm. wide; panicle narrow, rather dense, 8 to 15 cm. long; glumes nearly equal, about

6 mm. long; lemma about 5 mm. long including the straight beak 1 mm, long;

central awn 1.5 to 2 cm. long, with a long semicircular curve, the lateral about

half as long, somewhat divergent.

Costa Rica, Panama; dry plains and grassy hillsides, Pacific side. Also

Brazil, whence the type,

12. Aristida virgata Trin. in Spreng. Neu. Entd. 2 : 60. 1821.

Erect perennial; culms 50 to 80 cm. tall; blades flat, rather lax, 1 to 2 mm. wide; panicle slender, narrow, erect, not very stiff, rather loosely flowered, one-third to half the entire length of the culm, the branches mostly short and somewhat appressed, 1 to 2 cm. long; glumes about equal, 8 to 7 mm. long; lemma 4 to 5 mm. long; central awn horizontally spreading or somewhat re- flexed, 1.5 to 2 cm. long, the lateral erect, about two-thirds as long as the central.

Honduras (Siguatepeque, Dept. Comayagua, 1,080 to 1,400 meters). Moist sandy soil, New Jersey to Florida, Mississippi, and Central America, Type from Philadelphia.

13. Aristida recurvata II. B. K. Xov. Gen. & Sp. 1: 123. 1816.

Erect perennial; culms 60 to 100 cm. tall; blades flat, as much as 2 mm. wide, the margins thickened, the involute point long and slender, the old blades often flexuous around the base of the plant; panicle narrow, rather loose, 10 to 30 cm. long; glumes about equal, awn-pointed, about 1 cm. long; lemma about 4 mm. long, with a slightly twisted column 2 to 3 mm. long; awns equal, about 1 cm. long, the base curved in a warped twist.

Panama; prairies and rocky slopes, Pacific side. Panama to Brazil. Type from Venezuela. HITCHCOCK—THE GRASSES OF CENTRAL AMERICA 603

41. ANTHEPHORA Sehreb. Beschr. Gr&s. 2: 105, pi. U- 1810

Spikelets in clusters of 4, the indurate first glumes united at base, forming a pitcher-shaped pseudo-involucre, the clusters subsessile and erect on a slender flexuous continuous axis. Glumes rigid, acute, or produced into short awns.

Species 5, 4 in Africa and 1 in tropical America.

1. Anthephora hermaphrodita (L.) Kuntze, Rev. Gen. PI. 2: 759. 1891.

Tripsacum hermaphroditum L. Syst. Nat. ed, 10. 0: 1261. 1759.

Anthephora elegana Sehreb. Besclir. Grits. 2: 105. pi. 44- 1810.

Leafy ascending or decumbent branching annual; culms mostly 20 to 50 cm. tall; blades flat, thin, 5 to 10 mm. wide; spikes erect, 5 to 10 cm. long; glumes

5 to 7 mm. long.

Guatemala, Honduras, El Salvador, Nicaragua, Costa Rica, Panama. Sandy river banks, open ground and waste places. Throughout tropical America.

Type from Jamaica.

42. HILARIA H. B. K. Nov. Gen. & Sp. 1: 116. pi. 37. 1816

Spikelets sessile, in groups of 3, the groups falling from the axis entire, the central spikelet (next the axis), fertile, 1-flowered, the 2 lateral spikelets staminate, 2-flowered; glumes coriaceous, those of the 3 spikelets forming a false involucre, in some species connate at the base, more or less asymmetric, usually bearing an awn on one side from about the middle; lemma and palea hyaline, about equal in length.

Low perennials, the groups of spikelets appressed to the axis, iu terminal spikes. Species fire, in arid regions, southwestern United States to Central

America.

1. Hilaria cenchroides H. B. IC. Nov. Gen. & Sp. 1:117. 1816.

Low perennial, forming wiry stolons, witli tufts of culms at intervals of 5 to

15 cm.; culms 10 to 20 cm. tall, bearing a solitary spike 1 to 3 cm. long; blades

2 to 5 cm. long, 2 to 3 mm. wide, sharp-pointed; clusters of spikelets 4 to 5 mm. long on a zigzag axis, mostly dark colored.

Guatemala. Dry plains and hills. Also Mexico, whence the type.

43. AEOOFOGON Humb. & Bonpl.; Willd. Sp. PI. 4; 899. 1806

Spikelets short-pedicellate, in groups of 3, the group short-pedunculate, spread- ing, the peduncle disarticulating from the axis and forming a pointed stipe be- low the group, this falling entire; central spikelet shorter pedicellate, fertile, the 2 lateral ones longer, pedicellate and staminate or neuter; glumes mem- bran a ceous, notched at the apex, the midnerve extending into a point or awn; lemma and palea thinner than the glumes, extending beyond them, the lemma

3-nerved, the central nerve and sometimes also the lateral ones extending into awns, the palea 2-awned.

Low lax annuals, with solitary loose racemes of delicate flower clusters.

Species three, Arizona to Bolivia.

Lobes of glumes acute or awned, firm, purplish 1. A. cenchroides.

Lobes of glumes rounded, broad, papery 2. A. tenellus.

1. Aegopogon cenchroides Humb. & Bonpl.; Willd. Sp. PL 4: 899. 1806.

Aegopogon geminifiorus H. B. K. Nov. Gen. & Sp. 1: 133. pi. 43. 1816.

Culms 20 to 50 cm. long, the longer ones trailing and spreading; blades mostly less than 5 cm. long, 1 to 2 mm. wide; raceme 2 to 5 cm. long; clusters of spike- 604 CONTRIBUTIONS FROM THE NATIONAL HERBARIUM

lets finally nodding on pubescent peduncles 1 to 2 mm. long; main awn mostly

5 to 10 mm. long.

Guatemala, Honduras, Costa Rica, Panama; cliffs and dry slopes. Mexico to

Bolivia. Type from Venezuela.

2. Aegopogon tenellus (Cav.) Trin. Gram. UnlfL 164. 1824.

Lamarckia tenella DC. Cat. Hort. Monsp. 120. 1813.

Cynomrua tenellus Cav.; DC, Cat. Hort. Monsp. 120. 1813.

Aegopogon unisetus Roem. & Schult. Syst. Veg. 2: 805. 1817.

Differs from A. cenohroides in the smaller cluster of spikelets and the broad

obtuse papery lobes of the glumes.

Guatemala, El Salvador; Costa Rica; cliffs and banks, Arizona to northern

South America. Type from botanical garden, Montpcllier, France; origin of type unknown.

44. FOURNIERA Scribn. U. S. Dept. Agr- Div. Agrost. Bull. 4: 7, f. 1, 9, S.

1897

Plants dioecious or monoecious; spikelets dissimilar, solitary and sessile at

the alternate notches of a continuous flexuous rachis, readily falling off at

maturity from the small cushion-like barbate pedicels; rachis alternately strhite

and sulcate; staminate spikelet 2-flowered, the first floret sessile, the second

on a short naked stipe or joint of the rachilla, this not prolonged beyond;

glumes 3, 2 small and narrow, somewhat toward one side, the third larger; lemma of lower floret 3-nerved, acute, of upper floret similar but 3 cleft at

apex, the middle division awn-like; stamens 3; pistillate spikolet 2 flowered,

the upper floret reduced to a 3 awned rudiment; glumes 3, about equal, cuneate,

broadest above, narrowed below into a short rather densely pubescent pedicel-

like base or claw, the apex obtuse, somewhat erose, 2 of the glumes with one

strong and 2 faint nerves, the other with 2 strong and 2 faint nerves; first

floret raised on a short stipe; lemma 3-nerved, 3 cleft at apex, the middle

division longest, sometimes 2 toothed and inucronate between the teeth. A

single species. The genus is an anomalous one and its affinities doubtful. It

may belong in Chlorideae near Boutrfnim. The morphology of the three bracts

that appear to be glumes needs investigation. The upper may be a sterile

lemma, or the lower may represent a suppressed spikelet. In the staminate

spikelets the three glumes are obviously one above the other on the axis, but

In the pistillate the three appear to be in a whorl.

1. Pourniera mexicana Scribn, U. S. Dept. Agr. Div. Agrost. Bull. 4: 8,

f. 1, 2, S. 1897.

Rather delicate extensively creeping or stoloniferous, apparently annual;

blades 2 to 6 cm. long, 1 to 2 mm. wide; racemes terminal and axillary, 2 to 4

cm. long, the rachis slender and zigzag, the internodes about 2 mm. long; spikelets 4 to 5 mm. long.

El Salvador (La UniOn). Open flat pasture land near the coast. Also Mexico, the type from Acapulco.

The original description states that the plant is dioecious. The specimen from La Unidn is monoecious, the two sexes on different tufts. Only two collections are known, one from La Unifin and one from Acapulco.

45. LEPTOCHIjOA Beauv. Ess. Agrost. 71, 166. pi. IS, f. 1. 1812

Spikelets 2 to several flowered, sessile or short pedlceled, approximate or

somewhat distant along one side of a slender rachis, the rachilla disarticulating

above the glumes and between the florets; glumes unequal or nearly equal, HITCHCOCK—THE GRASSES OP CENTRAL AMERICA 605

awnless or mucronate, 1-nerved, usually shorter than the first lemma; lemmas obtuse or acute, sometimes 2-toothed and mucronate or short-awned from be- tween the teeth, 3 nerved, the nerves sometimes pubescent. Annuals or peren- nials with flat blades and numerous racemes scattered along a common axis forming a long or sometimes short panicle. Species, probably 20, in the warmer regions of both hemispheres.

Plants perennial.

Sheaths and blades glabrous; lemmas awnless or nearly so 1. L. virgata.

Sheaths and blades sparsely pilose; lemmas awned 2. L. domingensis.

Plants annual.

Sheaths, at least the upper, papillose-pilose 3. L. filifonnis.

Sheaths minutely scabrous but not pilose 4, L. scabra.

1. Leptochloa virgata (L.) Beauv. Ess. Agrost. 166. 1812.

Cynosurus virgatus L. Syst. Nat. ed. 10 2: 876. 1759.

Culms in small tufts, tall, slender, strong and wiry, sparingly branching; blades flat; racemes commonly about 10 cm. long, las, ascending, aggregate toward the summit of the culm.

Guatemala, British Honduras, Honduras, El Salvador, Nicaragua, Costa Rica,

Panama; open ground and thickets, at low altitudes. Mexico and the West

Indies to Argentina. Type from Jamaica.

2. Leptochloa domingensis (Jacq.) Trin. Fund. Agrost. 133. 1820.

Cynosurus domingensis Jacq. Misc. Austr. 2: 363. 1781.

Resembling L. virgata, the sheaths and blades sparsely pilose, the panicles more elongate, the racemes shorter and more numerous; lemmas awned.

Nicaragua (Jinotepe, Mesaya); open ground and grassy banks, Florida, Mex- ico, and the West Indies to Bolivia and Argentina, Type locality not known, presumably Santo Domingo.

3. Leptochloa filiformis (Lam.) Beauv. Ess. Agrost. 71, 166. 1812.

Festuca filiformis Lam. Tabl. Encycl. 1: 191. 1791.

Eleusine mucronata Michx. Fl. Bor. Amer. 1: 66. 1803.

Leptochloa mucronata Kunth, R6v. Gram. 1: 91. 1829.

Leptochloa paniculata Fourn. Bull. Soc. Bot. France II. 27: 296. 1880.

Culms ascending or erect, geniculate below, branching at the bade, commonly

40 to 70 cm. tall (dwarf specimens 10 to 20 cm. tall); blades thin, flat; racemes very slender, spreading.

Guatemala, Honduras, El Salvador, Nicaragua, Costa Rica, Panama; fields and open ground at low altitudes. Southern United States, Mexico, and the

West Indies to Argentina. Type from tropical America, the exact locality not known.

4. Leptochloa scabra Nees, Agrost. Bras. 435. 1829.

Stout, rather succulent annual as much as 1 meter tall, with scabrous sheaths,

flat blades, and narrow panicles as much as 30 cm. long; racemes closely ar-

ranged, ascending, somewhat flexuous, 3 to 8 cm. long.

El Salvador, Costa Rica ; ditches and wet places, at low altitudes. Louisiana and the West Indies to Brazil, whence the type.

46. GOTXIMIA Fourn. Mex. PI. 2: 103. 1886

Spikelets few-flowered, short-pedicellate, appressed, in slender elongate

racemes, these racemosely arranged; glumes and lemmas keeled, the lemmas

densely vilions on the nerves, awned, the uppermost much reduced but awned.

Erect rather robust perennials! with flat blades and terminal panicles of slender

racemes. Species 0, Mexico and the West Indies to Paraguay. 606 CONTRIBUTIONS FROM THE NATIONAL HERBARIUM

1. Gtouinia virgata (Presl) Scrlbn. U. S. Dept. Agr. Div. Agrost. Bull. 4: 10.

1897.

Bromus virfffitus Presl, Rel. Haenk. 1: 263. 1830.

Festuca fournieriana Hemsl. Biol. Centr. Amer, Bot. 3: 581. 1885.

Gouinia polygama Fourn, Mex. PI. 2: 103. 1886.

Diplachne guatemalcnsis Hack. Oesterr. Bot. Zeitschr. 52: 275. 1902.

Erect wiry perennial about 1 meter tall; blades flat; panicle large, open, of

5 to 8 distant spreading racemes as much as 15 cm. long, floriferous to base;

spikelets apprcssed, somewhat imbricate.

Guatemala, Honduras, El Salvador, Nicaragua; thickets and open woods, at

low altitudes. Mexico, whence the type, and Cuba to Brazil and Bolivia.

47. ELEUSINE Gaertn. Fruct. & Sem. 1: 7. pi. 1. f. 11. 1788

Spikelets few to several-flowered, compressed, sessile and closely imbricate, in

flwo tows along one side of a rather broad rachis, the latter not prolonged

beyond the spikelets; rachilla disarticulating above the glumes and between the

florets, glumes unequal, rather broad, acute, 1-nerved, shorter than the first

lemma; lemmas acute, with 3 strong green nerves close together forming a keel,

the uppermost somewhat reduced; seed dark brown, roughened by fine ridges,

loosely inclosed in the thin pericarp. Annuals, with two to several rather stout

spikes, digitate at the summit of the culms, sometimes with one or two a short

distance below, or rarely with a single terminal spike. Species about six, one

in South America, the others in the warm regions of the Eastern Hemisphere,

one of these a common introduced weed in America.

1. Eleusine indica (L.) Gaertn. Fruct. & Sem. 1: 8. 1788. Yabdgbass.

Gynosurtts indicus L. Sp. PI. 72. 1753.

Weedy annual with spreading or ascending flattened branching culms, thin

flat linear blades, and 2 to several spikes (sometimes one spike 1 to 3 cm.

below), 5 to 10 cm. long.

Guatemala, Honduras, El Salvador, Nicaragua, Costa Rica, Panama; a weed

in open ground and waste places. Warm regions of the Old World; Introduced

in America.

48. DACTYLOCTENITTM Willd. Enum. PI. 1029. 1809

Spikelets 3 to 5 flowered, compressed, sessile and closely imbricate, in two

rows along one side of the rather narrow flat rachis, the end projecting in a

point beyond the spikelets; rachilla disarticulating above the first glume and

between the florets; glumes somewhat unequal, broad, 1-nerved, the first

persistent upon the rachis, the second mucronate or short awned below the tip,

deciduous; lemmas firm, broad, keeled, acuminate or short-awned, 3-nerved, the

lateral nerves indistinct, the upper floret reduced; the palea about as long as the

lemma; seed subglobose, ridged or wrinkled, inclosed in a thin, early-disappear-

ing pericarp. Annuals or perennials, with flat blades and two to several short

thick spikes, digitate and widely spreading at the summit of the culms. Species

three, in the warmer parts of the Eastern Hemisphere, one a common weed in

tropical America.

1. Dactyloctenium aegyptium (L.) Richt. PI. Eur. 1: 68. 1890.

Crowfoot grass.

Ci/itoswus aegyptius L. Sp. PL 72. 1753.

Eleusine aegyptiaca Desf. Fl. Atlant. 1: 85. 1798.

Weedy stoloniferous, more or less pilose annual, often forming dense mats, the

flat culms 10 to 50 cm. long, the blades flat, usually short, the spikes 2 to 4, short, thick, radiate at the apex of the culm. HITCHCOCK—THE GRASSES OF CENTRAL AMERICA 607

Guatemala, Honduras, El Salvador, Nicaragua, Costa Rica, Panama; a weed in fields and waste places at low altitudes. Tropical regions of the Old World, introduced in America.

49. CYNODON L. Rich.; Pers. Syn. PI, 1: 85. 1805

(Capriola Adans. Fam. PI. 2: SI, 532. 1763. Ineffectively published)

Spikelets 1-flowered, awn less, sessile in two rows along one side of a slender continuous rachis, the rachilla disarticulating above the glumes and prolonged behind the palea as a slender naked bristle, this sometimes bearing a rudi- mentary lemma; glumes narrow, acuminate, 1-nerved, about equal, shorter than the floret; lemma strongly compressed, pubescent on the keel, firm,

3-nerved, the lateral nerves close to the margins. Perennials with creeping stolons or rhizomes, short blades, and several slender spikes digitate at the summit of the upright flowering culms. Species six, of which three are

Australian, one species widely distributed in warmer regions.

1. Cynodon dactylon (L. ) Pers. Syn. PI. 1: 85. 1805, Bjemuda grass.

Panicum dactylon L. Sp. PI. 58. 1753.

Capriola dactylon Kuntze, Rev. Gen. PI. 2: 764. 1891.

Low extensively creeping perennial with compressed wiry culms, narrow, usually short blades, and 3 to 5 slender arcuate-spreading spikes aggregate at the apex of the culms; spikelets about 2 mm. long.

Guatemala, Honduras, El Salvador, Nicaragua, Costa Rica, Panama; common in open rather dry ground at low and medium altitudes. Warmer regions of both hemispheres, introduced in America. Type from Europe. Bahama grans, grama, grama de gallina, zacate agujilla, zacate conejo.

50. SPARTINA Schreb.; Gmel. Syst. Nat. ed. 13. 3: 123. 1791. Cordgrabs.

Spikelets 1-flowered, much flattened laterally, sessile and usually closely imbricate, on one side of a continuous racliis, disarticulating below the glumes, the rachilla not produced beyond the* floret; glumes keeled, 1-nerved, acute or short-awned, the first shorter, the second often exceeding the lemma; lemma firm, keeled, the lateral nerves obscure, narrowed to a rather obtuse point; palea 2-nerved, keeled and flattened, the keel between or at one side of the nerves. Stout, erect, often tall perennials, with usually extensively creeping, firm, scaly rhizomes, long tough blades, and two to many appressed or some- times spreading spikes racemose on the main axis. Species about 14, all North

American except two or three along the coast of Europe, Africa, and South

America.

1. Spartina spartinae (Trin.) Merr. U. S. Dept. Agr. Bur. PI. Ind. Bull.

G: 11. 1902.

Vilfa spartinae Trin. M£m. Acad. St. Pdtersb. VI. Sci. Nat. 4 *: 82. 1840.

Spartina jutwiformis Engelm. & Gray, Journ. Bost. Soc. Nat. Hist. 5; 238.

1845.

Spartina ffoutni Fourn. Mex. PI. 2: 135. 1S8G.

Spartina pit tier i Hack. Oesterr. B<>t. ZMtscbr. 52: 237. 1902.

Culms in dense hard clumps, 30 to 100 cm. tall, the rhizomes wanting; blades elongate, involute; panicles 10 to 20 cm. long, strict; spikes numerous, erect, mostly 2 to 3 cm. long; spikelets about 7 mm. long.

Costa Rica (Puerto Lim6n) ; coral rock of seashore. Southern United States

(the type from Texas), Mexico, and Costa Rica.

A sterile specimen from Honduras (StatuRey 53802) may be S. patens

JUNCEA (Michx.), Hitchc. 608 CONTRIBUTIONS FROM THE NATIONAL HERBARIUM

51. CTENIUM Panzer, Denkschr. Akad. Wiss. Munchen 4: 288, 311, pi. IS. 1913

(Campulosua Desv. Nouv. Bull. Soc. Phi lorn. Paris 2: 189. 1810)

Spikelets several-flowered but with only one perfect floret, sessile and closely

imbricate, on one side of a continuous rachis, the rachilla disarticulating above

tbe glumes; glumes unequal, the first small, hyaline, 1-nerved, the second as long

as the lemmas, firm, 3 to 4 nerved, bearing on the back a strong divergent awn;

lemmas rather papery, 3-nerved, villous on the lateral nerves and on the callus,

bearing a short straight awn on the back just below the apex, the first and

second lemmas empty, the third inclosing a perfect flower, the upper 1 to 3

empty and successively smaller. Erect, slender, rather tall perennials, with

usually solitary, often curved spikes. Species about 12, in the warm regions,

three being In the Eastern Hemisphere and the rest in America.

1. Ctenium planlfolltim (Presl) Kunth, R£v. Gram. 1: Suppl. XXII. 1830.

Campulosus planifolius Presl, Itel. Haenlc. 1: 287. 1830.

Culms erect, hard and wiry, 40 to 100 cm. tall; lowermost sheaths becoming

fibrous; blades flat; spike solitary, curved or flexuous, 5 to 16 cm. long; spike-

lets about 5 mm. long, the awns as long or longer, flexuous.

Panama (Picacho; Cerro Vaca) ; savannas, 350 to 1,000 meters. Also Mexico,

whence the type.

52. MICROCHLOA R. Br. Prodr. Fl. Nov. Holl. 20S. 1810

Spikelets 1-flowered, small, awnless, in a single slender 1-sided spike; rachilla

disarticulating above the nearly equal, keeled glumes; lemma shorter than the

glumes, hyaline, ciliate on the keel. Slender tufted perennials, with narrow

blades and solitary falcate spikes. Species 3, two confined to Africa, one

throughout the Tropics,

1. Microchloa indica (L. f.) Beauv. Ess. Agrost. Atlas 13. pi. 20. f. 8. 1812.

Nardus indicus L. f. Suppl. PI. 105. 1781.

Microchloa setacea R. Br. Prodr. PL Nov. Holl. 208. 1810.

Low and tufted, mostly not more than 15 cm. tall; blades narrow, flat or

folded; spikes slender, flexuous or falcate, usually less than 10 cm. long.

Guatemala (Santa Rosa, 1,000 meters); open ground. Mexico to Argentina.

Type from India.

53. GYMNOPOGON Beauv. Ess. Agrost. 41. pi. 9. f. S. 1812

Spikelets 1 or rarely 2 or 3 flowered, nearly sessile, appressed and usually

remote in two rows along one side of a slender continuous rachis, the rachilla

disarticulating above the glumes and prolonged behind the one or more fertile

florets as a slender stipe, bearing a rudiment of a floret, this sometimes with one

or two slender awns; glumes narrow, acuminate, 1-nerved, usually longer than

the floret; lemmas narrow, 3-nerved, the lateral nerves near the margin, the

apex minutely bifid, bearing between the teeth a slender awn, or rarely awnless.

Perennials or rarely annuals, with short, flat, stiff blades, numerous stiff, slen-

der, divergent spikes loosely scattered along the upper part of the culm, or some-

times aggregate toward the summit, the spikes often deflexed at maturity.

Species 10, nearly all American.

Spikelets 2-flowered 1. G. aristiglumis.

Spikelets 1-flowered 2. G. fastigiatus.

1. G-ymnopogon aristiglumis Hitchc. Proc. Biol. Soc. Washington 40: 82. 1927.

Perennial; culms ascending from a decumbent base, hard and wiry, glabrous,

80 to 100 cm, long, many-noded, the lower part clothed with bladeless or nearly HITCHCOCK—THE GRASSES OF CENTRAL AMERICA 609

bladeless sheaths; blades rather stiffly diverging, flat, glabrous on both surfaces,

the larger ones 5 to 8 cm. long, 5 to 10 mm. wide; panicles of several very slender

Boft racemes 20 to 35 cm. long, along an axis 15 to 20 cm. long, the rachises

pilose at the base, very scabrous; spikelets mostly 2-flowered with a rudiment

of a third floret, distant on the lower part of the rachis, approximate above, the

pedicels slender, 1 to 2 mm. long; glumes 2 and 8 mm. long, gradually narrowed

to a slender straight scabrous awn about 1 cm, long; first lemma narrow, the

awn 1 to 2 cm. long; second lemma similar but a little smaller, the rudiment

about two-thirds as long as the lemma, jointed at apex and bearing an awn

nearly as long as that of the lemma.

El Salvador (Rosario, the type, and San Salvador); open grassy slopes at

medium altitudes.

This species differs from G. spicatus (Spreng.) Kuntze in the larger blades,

panicles, and spikelets, and especially in the long-awned glumes.

2. Gymnopogon fastigiatus Nees, Agrost. Bras. 430. 1829.

Monochaete fastigiata Doell in Mart, Fi. Bras. 2 B: 79. 1878.

Tufted perennial with slender culms 30 to 60 cm. tall, rather stiff flat or

loosely involute blades 1 to 3 cm. long and 1 to 3 mm. wide, and several slender

ascending racemes 2 to 7 cm. long on an axis 1 to 4 cm. long; spikelet 1-flowered

with a prolongation of the rachilla; second glume narrow, 3 mm. long; lemma

a little less than 2 mm. long, the flexuous awn about 1 cm. long; rudiment

appressed between the keels of the palea.

Costa Rica (Boruca) ; Panama < Olft) ; savannas and open woods. Costa Rica

to Brazil, whence the type.

Doell distinguished the genus Monochaete from Gymnopogon by the absence of a rudiment. The rudiment is present, however, but is hidden between the heels of the palea.

54. CHXORIS Swart z, Prodr. Veg. Ind. Occ. 25. 1788

Spikelets with 1 perfect floret, sessile, in two rows along one side of a con-

tinuous rachis, the rachilla disarticulating above the glumes, produced beyond

the perfect floret and bearing 1 to several reduced florets consisting of empty

lemmas, these often truncate, and, if more than one, the smaller ones inclosed

in the lower, forming a usually club-shaped rudiment; glumes somewhat un- equal, the first shorter, narrow, acute; lemma keeled, usual broad, 1 to 5

nerved, often villous on the callus and villous or long ciliate on the keel or

marginal nerves, awned from between the short teeth of a bifid apex, the awn

slender or sometimes reduced to a mucro, the sterile lemmas awned or awnless.

Tufted perennials or sometimes annuals with flat blades and two to several

often showy and feathery spikes aggregate at the summit of the culms. Species

about 60, in the warmer regions.

Lemmas awnless; spikes dark brown (Section Btjstachts) 1. C. petraea.

Lemmas awned.

Plants perennial, more or less stolon ifero us.

Culms 1 to 1.5 meters tall, sometimes shorter, the stolons elongate; awns 2

to 3 mm. long 2. C. gay ana.

Culms SO to 50 cm. tall, the stolons short; awn about 1 cm. long.

3. C. orthonoton.

Plants annual.

Rudiment narrow, acutish 4. C. radiata.

Rudiment truncate.

Awn of fertile lemma 1 to 1.5 mm. long 7. C. ciliata. 610 CONTRIBUTIONS FROM THE NATIONAL HERBARIUM

Awn of fertile lemma 5 to 8 mm. long.

Sterile floret 1, the lemma gradually widened upward 5, C. virgata.

Sterile florets 2 (rudiment), the lemmas triangular-truncate.

6. C. inflata.

1. Chloris petraea Swartz, Prodr. Veg, Ind. Occ. 25. 1788.

Eustachys petraea Desv, Nouv. Bull. Soc. Philom. Paris 2: 189. 1810,

Glabrous glaucous sparingly stoloniferous perennial; culms flat, ascend-

ing; sheaths keeled, often in pairs, especially in robust plants; blades flat,

thickish oblong or linear, obtuse; spike* few to several, the rachis and glumes

pale green, the florets chestnut; spikelets 2 mm. long; second glume bitobed,

the mid nerve excurrent as a short awn; lemma awnless, a little exceeding

the second glume.

Honduras, Costa Rica, Panama; vicinity of the seashore, Atlantic side.

Southern United States and the West Indies to Panama. Type from Jamaica.

2. Chloris gayana Kuntli, R6v. Gram. 1: 80. 1829 : 2 : 203. pi. JS. 1830.

Rhodes grass.

Stout perennial, with creeping stolons or runners a meter or more long;

culms flat, 1 to 1.5 meters tall; blades flat, 4 to 8 mm. wide; spikes several to

numerous, 5 to 10 cm. long; lemma about 3 mm. long, the awn 2 to 3 mm. long.

Guatemala, El Salvador, cultivated and sometimes escaped. A native of

Africa, cultivated in warm countries for for:ige, at low and medium altitudes.

Zacate gordura.

3. Chloris orthonoton Doell in Mart. Fl. Bras. 2*: 64, 1878.

Sparingly stoloniferous perennial, grayish; culms flat, commonly 40 to 60

cm, tall; sheaths compressed, hairy in the throat; blades flat or folded, about

5 mm. wide, scabrous on the upper surface; spikes 4 to 9, ascending, somewhat

flexuous; second glume and lemma about 3 mm. long, the awn about 1 cm. long.

Guatemala, Costa Rica; grassy banks, pastures, and waste places, Mexico

to Brazil, whence the type.

4. Chloris radiata (L.) Swartz, Prodr. Veg. Ind. Occ. 20. 1788.

Affrostis radiata L. Syst. Nat. ed. 10. 2: 873, 1759.

Weedy branching decumbent-ascending annual; sheaths broad, compressed;

blades thin, flat or folded, scaberulous or sparsely pilose; spikes slender, some-

what flexuous; second glume narrow, awn pointed, 2 mm. long; lemma narrow,

2.5 mm. long, the awn 5 to 10 mm. long; rudiment narrow, scarcely 1 mm. long,

diverging a little from the fertile lemma and not as long as this, the awn as

much as 5 mm. long.

Guatemala, Honduras, El Salvador, Nicaragua, Costa Rica, Panama; a com-

mon weed In open ground and waste places at low altitudes. Mexico and the

West Indies to Paraguay. Type from Jamaica.

5. Chloris virgata Swartz, Fl. Ind. Occ. 1: 203. 1797.

Chloris elcgatis II. B. K. Nov. Gen, & Sp. 1: 166. pi. 49. 1816.

Culms ascending, 20 to 40 cm. tall, scarcely compressed, the upper sheaths

slightly inflated, glabrous in the throat; spikes mostly 5 or 6, suberect, some- what flexuous in age, 3 to 5 cm, long; fertile lemma 3 mm. long, broadest above

the middle, villous on the keel to a little below the summit, and long pilose on. the margins near the tip, the awn 0 to 8 mm. long; rudiment a little more than

2 mm. long, gradually broadened to an oblique truncate apex, the awn some- what shorter than that of the fertile lemma. HITCHCOCK—THE GRASSES OF CENTRAL AMERICA 611

Guatemala, Honduras, El Salvador, Nicaragua, Panama; a weed in open ground, fields, and waste places at low and medium altitudes. Mexico and the

West Indies to Argentina. Type from Antigua.

6. Chlorls inflata Link. Enum. PL 1: 105. 1821.

Andropogon barbatum L. Mant. PI. 2: 302. 1771. Not A. barbatum L. 1759.

Chloris barbata, Swartz, PI. Ind. Occ. 1: 200. 1797.

Chloria paraguaiensis Steud. Syn. PL Glum. 1: 204. 1354.

Tufted annual, 30 to 75 cm. tall; culms and sheaths strongly compressed; blades long, lax; spikes about 10, usually flexuous, commonly purplish-tinged,

4 to 6 cm. long; first lemma 2 mm. long, the awn about 6 mm. long; rudiment of 2 triangular-obtuse lemmas about 1 mm. long, the awn of the first about as long as that of the fertile lemma, the awn of the second short.

Honduras, Panama; a common weed in waste places at low altitudes.

Mexico and the West Indies to Argentina. Type grown in the Berlin Botanic

Garden from seed said to come from " California," obviously an error.

7. Chloris ciliata Swartz, Prodr. Veg. Ind. Occ. 25. 1788.

Erect or spreading annual; culms 30 to 60 cm. tall or sometimes talieir; blades flat, as much as 5 mm. wide; spikes pale, 4 to 6, strongly flexuous,

5 to 6 cm. long, the florets conspicuously silky-ciliate; fertile lemma about

2.5 mm. long, strongly dilate on the keel and marginal nerves, the awn 1 to

1.5 mm. long; rudiment of 2 or 3 sterile lemmas, triangular truncate, not longer than the fertile lemma, awnless.

Nicaragua (Vulcan El Viejo) ; open ground and waste places. Texas and the West Indies to South America. Type from Jamaica.

55. BOTTTELOTJA Lag. Vnr. Cienc. 2*: 134. 1805. Grama

Spikelets 1-flowered, with the rudiments of one or more florets above, sessile,

In two rows along one side of the rachis; glumes unequal, 1-nerved, acuminate or awn-tipped, the first shorter and narrower; lemma as long as the second glume or a little longer, 3-nerved, the nerves extending into short or often rattier long awns, the internerves usually extending into teeth; palea 2-nerved, sometimes 2-awned; rudiment various, usually 3-awned, a second rudimentary floret sometimes present. Perennials or sometimes annuals, with few to many spikes racemose on a common axis, or sometimes solitary, the spikelets few to many in each spike, rarely solitary, pectinate or more loosely arranged and oppressed, the rachis of the spike usually produced beyond the insertion of the spikelets. Species 38, all American and chiefly North American.

Spikes mostly 20 to 60, on an elongate axis.

Perennial; culms erect 1. B, curtipendula.

Annual; culms straggling 2, B, pilosa.

Spikes mostly less than 10.

Spikes densely pubescent, the awns inconspicuous 3. B. chondrosioides.

Spikes not densely pubescent, the awns exserted.

Peduncle of spike turbinate, about 1 mm. long; annual 4. B. alamosana.

Peduncle of spike slender, 2 mm. long or more; perennial.

Spikes slender, about 2 cm. long, 2 to 3 mm. wide 5. B. americana.

Spikes stout, 1.5 to 2 cm. long, 5 to 8 mm. wide.

Culms decumbent or creeping at base; spikes horizontally spreading

6. B. repens. 612 CONTRIBUTIONS FROM THE NATIONAL HERBARIUM

Culms erect or somewhat decumbent; spikes ascending or appressed.

Blades glabrous to papillose-pilose 7. B. filiformis.

Blades velvety-pubescent 8. B. pubescens.

1. Bouteloua curtipendula (Michx.) Torr. in Emory, Mil. Reconn. 154. 1848,

Chloris curtipendula Michx. FI. Bor. Amer. 1; 59. 1803.

Bouteloua racemosa Lag. Var. Glenc. 2 141. 1805.

Atheropogon curtipendulus Fourn. Mex. PI. 2: 138. 1886.

Atheropogon medius Fourn. Mex. PI. 2: 139. 1886.

Erect perennial; culms cespitose, 50 to 80 cm. tall; blades fiat, 3 to 5 mm.

wide; raceme of spikes 15 to 25 cm. long; spikes 35 to 50, spreading or deflexed,

1 to 2 cm. long; spikelets 5 to 8; glumes about 4 and 7 mm. long; sterile lemma

5 to 6 mm. long, 3-awned, the central awn longer.

Guatemala (Naranjo); El Salvador; dry grassy hills, up to 1,000 meters.

United States (type from Illinois) to Argentina.

2. Bouteloua pilosa (Hook, f.) Beiith.; S. Wats. Froc. Amer. Acad. 18:

179. 1883.

Eutriana pilosa Hook. f. Trans. Linn. Soc. Bot. 20: 173. 1851,

Branching, spreading, straggling annual; culms 20 to 60 cm. long; blades flat; spikes 15 to 40, spreading or deflexed, 4 to 7 mm. long (excluding awns);

spikelets mostly 2 to 4, the awns nearly wanting or as much as 5 mm. long.

Guatemala, Honduras, El Salvador, Nicaragua, Costa Rica, Panama; savannas and brushy slopes, at low altitudes, Pacific side. Guatemala to Peru. Type from

Galftpagos Islands.

This species is closely allied to B. disticha (H. B. K.) Bentht of the West

Indies, differing from that in the more numerous, and smaller spikelets with

shorter awns.

3. Bouteloua chondrosioides (II. B. K.) Benth.; S. Wats. Proc. Amer. Acad, 18:

179. 1883.

Dinebra chondrosioides H. B. K. Nov. Gen. & Sp. 1: 173. pi. $3. 1816.

Ghondrosium humboldtianum Kuntli, R6v. Gram. 1: 93. 1829.

Stout erect or spreading cespitose perennial, with leafy base and comparatively

naked culms 20 to 40 cm. tall; blades flat, 2 to 3 mm. wide; spikes 4 to 6,

1 to 1.5 cm, long, densely pubescent, approximate in a raceme about 4 cm. long, the awns inconspicuous.

Costa Rica (Nicoya, 150 meters), grassy plains and hills. Southwestern

United States to Costa Rica. Type from Mexico.

4. Bouteloua alamosana Vasey, Contr. U. S. Nat. Herb. 1: 115. 1891.

Annual; culms ascending from a spreading or creeping base, 20 to 60 cm. long; blades mostly 1 to 2 mm. wide, glabrous or papillose-pilose; spikes mostly

5 to 8, 6 to 8 mm. long (excluding awns), horizontally spreading, the mrig

3 to 4 cm. long; peduncle of spikes turbinate, densely pubescent, about 1 mm. long; spikelets mostly 3, approximate on the lower part of the rachis; glumes pilose along the keel, about equal; florets 2 with a bristle-like prolongation of the racMlla; awns about 1 cm. long.

Honduras, El Salvador, Nicaragua, Costa Rica, sandy open ground near the coast (Pacific side). Mexico to Costa Rica, the type from Alamos, Sonora,

5. Bouteloua americana (L.) Scribn. Proc, Acad. Phila. 1891: 306. 1891.

Aristida americana L. Syst. Nat. ed. 10. 2: 879. 1759.

Atheropogon americanus Fourn. Mex. PI. 2: 139. 1886.

Perennial, mostly prostrate spreading; culms branching, 30 to 60 cm. long; blades flat or loosely involute, 2 to 3 mm. wide; spikes 3 to 7, about 2 cm. long; HITCHCOCK—THE GRASSES OF CENTRAL AMERICA 613

glumes 3 and 4 mm. long; lemma 3-awned, the central awn 3 mm. long, the lateral 1 mm.; rudiment with 3 awns about 1 cm. long.

Honduras, El Salvador, Nicaragua, Costa Rica, Panama; savannas, grassy hills and open ground at low altitudes. Central America and the West Indies to Venezuela and British Guiana. Type from Jamaica.

6. Bouteloua repens (H. B. K.) Scribn, & Merr. U. S. Dept. Agr. Div. Agrost.

Bull. 24: 26. 1901.

Dinebra repens H. B. K. Nov. Gen. & Sp. 1: 172. pi. 52. 1816.

Perennial; culms ascending from a decumbent or creeping base, 30 to 100 cm. long; blades 1.5 to 3 mm. wide, papillose ciliate or glabrous; spikes 4 to 8, mostly spreading, about 1.5 cm. long {excluding awns), 5 to 8 mm. wide; spikelets usually 4 to 8; lemma about 7 mm. long 3-awned; second floret (the rudiment), with 3 awns about 7 mm, long.

Guatemala, El Salvador, Nicaragua, Costa Rica, Panama, sandy open ground near the coast, (Pacific side). Mexico to Panama, the type from Acapulco.

7. Bouteloua. flliformis (Fourn.) Griffiths, Contr. U. S. Nat. Herb. 14: 413.1912.

Atheropogon flliformis Fourn. Mex. PI. 2: 140. 1886.

Differs from B. repens to which It is closely allied, in the usually more erect culms and the ascending or appressed spikes.

Guatemala, prairies and grassland at medium altitudes. Southwestern

United States to Guatemala, the type from Mexico.

8. Bouteloua pubescens Pilger, Verh. Bot. Ver. Brand. 51: 193. 1909.

Differs from B, flliformis in having densely pubescent blades.

Doctor Pilger has kindly sent a fragment of the type of this species (Guate- mala, Seler 3234), the only collection known.

56. CATHESTECTTH Presl, Eel. Haenk. 1: 294. pi. 48. 1830

Spikes consisting of 3 spikelets, the upper or central perfect, the 2 lateral staminate or rudimentary, the spike falling entire; central spikelet with one perfect floret below and one or more reduced florets above; glumes unequal, the first a short, thin, nerveless scale in the central spikelet, narrow and acuminate in the lateral spikelets, the second about as long as the lemma, acuminate; lemma 3-nerved, or rarely 5 to 7 nerved, the nerves extending into awns and the internerves into teeth; palea 2 nerved, the nerves extending into short awns; second and third florets with fairly well developed lemmas end paleas, the fourth floret reduced or obsolete. Low cespitose or stolonlferous annuals or perennials, with short blades, and several or many short deciduous spikes scattered along the main axis. Species four, on the Mexican Plateau, one extending into western Texas.

1. Cathestecum stoloniferum (Fourn.) Griffiths, Contr. U. S. Nat. Herb. 14:

362. f. 26. 1912.

Atheropogon stolonifer Fourn. Mex. PI, 2: 140. 1880.

Low, creeping, stolonlferous perennial, forming at times a moderate turf; culms erect or geniculate, 10 to 15 cm, tall, the stolons bearing small .tufts of leaves at intervals of 8 to 10 cm.; spikes 4 to 6, triangular In outline and about

13 mm. long; upper spikelet with densely hairy glumes, the first minute, fan- shaped, the second acuminate, awn-tipped; fertile lemma pubescent and bearing

8 short awns; sterile lemmas usually 3, deeply lobed, glabrous, and with 3 prominent scabrous awns; lower spiklets with densely hairy pointed glumes, the first about half as long as the second; lower lemma as in the perfect spike- let; sterile lemma similar to those of the perfect spikelet, but the awns pilose.

El Salvador (La Uni<5n) ; open grassy flats. Also Mexico, the type from

Oaxaca. 614 CONTRIBUTIONS FROM THE NATIONAL HERBARIUM

57. PENTAE-RHAPHIS H. B. K. Nov. Gen. & Sp. 1: 177. pi. 60. 1816

Spikes small, woolly, consisting of 2 spikelets, one of these sometimes aborted,

approximate on a rachis ending in a forked, or bilid prolongation; first glume of each spikelet reduced to scarcely more than a straight awn, these together

with the bifid rachis appearing like a cluster of awns at the base of the spikelet; spikelets 2-flowered. Cespitose perennials with narrow mostly basal blades and several short nearly sessile spikes along a slender axis. Species 2,

Mexico to Colombia.

1. Pentaxrhaphis scabra H. B. K. Nov. Gen, & Sp. 1: 178. pi. GO. 1816.

Polyxchistis pavpcrcula, presl, Rel. Haenk. 1: 294, pi. $1. f. 12. 1830.

Erect, cespitose perennial about 30 cm. high; raceme of spikes loose, 4 to 5 cm. long, the rachis zigzag; spikes about 12, 8 mm. long, including the awns,

consisting of one perfect, 2-flowered spikelet and a cluster of 5 awns below;

2 of these united at base representing the continuation of the rachis, one slightly

expanded representing the first glume of the perfect spikelet, the other two representing the aborted lower spikelet, ail, together with the upper glume,

densely white-hairy; lemma of tlie first floret, including awns, about ti mm. long and of the second floret about 7 mm. long, both sparingly hairy.

Guatemala; rocky soil, 1,000 to 1,500 meters, Mexico, whence the type, to

Colombia.

58. HIEBOCHLOfi It. Br. Prodr. Pi. Nov. Holl. 208. 1810

[Torresto Ruiz & Pav., Syst. Veg. Peruv. CM1. 251. 1798)

Spikelets with one terminal perfect floret and two staminate florets, dis-

articulating above the glumes, the staminate florets falling attached to the fertile one; glumes equal, broad, thin and papery, smooth, acute; sterile lemmas

about as long as the glumes, mostly somewhat appressed-hispid, sometimes

awned from between two lobes; fertile lemma somewhat indurate, about as

long as the others, smooth or nearly so, awnless; pa lea 3-nerved, rounded on the back. Erect, sweet-smelling perennials with small panicles of bronze-colored spikelets. Species about 17, confined to cool and alpine regions.

1. Hierochloe mexicana (Rupr.) Benth.

Ataaia mexicana Rupr.; Fourn. Mex. PI. 2: 71.1886.

Savastana mexicana Beal, Grasses N. Amer. 2: 187. 1896.

Bicrochloc mexicana Benth.; Beal, Grasses N. Amer. 2: 187. 1896, as synonym.

Torresia mexicana Hitehc, Amer. Journ. Bot. 2: 301. 1915.

Culms 30 to 60 cm. tall; blades flat, 2 to 5 mm. wide; panicles narrow, 5 to

15 cm. long, the branches appressed; first glume about 5 mm, Jong, 1-nerved; second glume 6 to 7 mm. long, 3 nerved; sterile florets bronze, 4 to 5 mm. long, pubescent, the first with a short straight awn attached near the tip, the second with a geniculate twisted awn attached near the base, exserted about

4 mm.; fertile floret smooth, brown, lanceolate-acute, 3 mm. long, awnless.

Guatemala (VolcfLn de Agua, 3,000 meters) ; dry slopes. Also Mexico, the type from Oaxaca.

59. ANTHOXANTHUN L. Sp. PI. 28. 1753

Spikelets with 1 terminal perfect floret and 2 sterile lemmas, the racMlla disarticulating above the glumes, the sterile lemmas falling attached to the fertile floret; glumes unequal, acute or mucronate; sterile lemmas shorter than the glumes, empty, awned from the back; fertile lemma shorter than the sterile ones, awnless; palea 1-nerved, rounded on the back, inclosed in the lemma. HITCHCOCK—THE GRASSES OP CENTRAL AMERICA 615

Sweet-smelling annuals or perennials, with flat blades and spikelike panicles.

Species about four, Europe and Asia.

1. Anthoxanthum odoratum L. Sp. PI. 28,1753. Swept vernal grass.

Tufted fragrant perennial with flat blades and loosely spikelike panicles

commonly about 5 cm. long.

Costa Rica; cultivated and escaped in pastures and grassland at 1,500 to

2,500 meters, introduced from Europe into temperate regions of America.

Phalabib ahundinacea Li. Sp. PI. 55. 1753 Reed canaby grass.

A variegated form of this, variety pieta, is sometimes grown in gardens for

ornament. It has leaves striped with white. Called zacate list6n, gardener's

garters, ribbon grass.

60. ORYZA L. Sp. Pi. 333. 1753. Rica

Spikelets 1-flowered, laterally compressed, disarticulating below the glumes;

glumes 2, much shorter than the lemma, narrow; lemma rigid, keeled, 3-nerved,

sometimes awned; palea similar to the lemma, narrower, keeled, but with no

midnerve on the back, 2-nerved close to the margins. Annual or sometimes

perennial swamp grasses, often tall, with flat blades, and spikelets in open

panicles. Species about seven, one in tropical America, the others in tropical

Africa and Asia.

Plants annuaL 1. 0. sativa.

Plants perennial ) 2. 0. latifolia.

1. Oryza sativa L. Sp. PI. 333. 1753. Ric*.

Erect annual up to a meter or more in height; blades flat, as much as 1.5

cm. wide; panicles rather compact, many-lowered, drooping when large or

heavy with fruit; spikelets oblong, 7 to 10 mm. long; glumes 2 to 3 mm. long;

lemma hard, ridged by the lateral nerves, more or less hispidulous, the awn

variable, several centimeters long or wanting.

Cultivated and more or less persistent in fields and ditches. Arroz.

2. Oryza latifolia Desv. Journ. de Bot. Desv. 1: 77. 1813.

Oryza sativa latifolia Doell in Mart. Fl. Bras. 2x; 7. 1871.

Rather robust perennial; culms 2 meters or more tall; blades thin, flat,

scabrous, commonly 50 to 60 cm. long and 4 to 5 cm. wide; panicles large many-

flowered ; spikelets about 5 mm. long, the erect awn 10 to 15 mm. long short-

pediceled along the upper half to two-thirds of the long slender ascending

branches.

Guatemala, Honduras, El Salvador, Nicaragua, Costa Rica, Panama; swamps,

ditches and wet places. Guatemala and the West Indies to Brazil. Type from

Porto Rico.

61. LEERSIA Swartz, Prodr. Veg. Ind. Occ. 21. 1788

JSomaloeenchrus Mieg. Act. Helv. Phys-Math. 4 : 307. 1760 (inadequately

published)

Spikelets 1-flowered, strongly compressed laterally, disarticulating from the

pedicel; glumes wanting; lemma chartaceous, broad, oblong, boat-shaped, usually

5-nerved, the lateral pair of nerves close to the margins, the intermediate nerves

sometimes faint; palea as long as the lemma, much narrower, usually 3-nerved,

the lateral nerves close to tlie margins, the margins firmly held by the margins

61504—30 5 616 CONTRIBUTIONS FROM THE NATIONAL HERBARIUM

of the lemma; stamens six or fewer. Perennials, usually with creeping rhizomes, fiat scabrous blades, and open panicles, the spikelets nearly sessile along one side of the branchlets. Species 10, tropical and temperate regions.

Panicle contracted, the branches ascending, spikelet-bearing from near the

base; spikelets hispid 1. L. hexandra.

Panicle open, the branches slender, spreading, naked below; spikelets smooth

or sparsely hispidulous 2. L. grandiflora.

1. Leersia hexandra Swartz, Prodr. Teg. Ind. Occ. 21. 1788.

Oryza hexandra Doell in Mart. Fl, Bras. 2s: 10. 1871.

Homalocenehrus hexandrus Kuntze, Rev. Gen. PI. 2: 777, 1891.

Scabrous aquatic perennial, the slender culms often 2 meters tall, erect from a creeping base, the flat blades mostly 15 to 20 cm. long and about 8 mm. wide, the many-flowered panicle pale or purplish. Extensively creeping stolons with short blades are sometimes produced in land bordering ponds and ditches.

Guatemala, Honduras, Nicaragua, Costa Rica, Panama; swamps and wet places at low and medium altitudes. Southern United States and the West

Indies to Argentina. Type from Jamica.

2. Leersia grandiflora (Doell) Prodoehl, Bot. Archiv Mez 1: 219. 1922.

Oryza monandra var. grandiflora Doell in Mart. Fl. Bras. 2s: 9. 1871.

Jlomalocenchrus grandiflorus Hitchc. Contr. U. S. Nat. Herb. 17: 273. 1913.

Culms erect, without rhizomes, 1 to 2 meters tall; blades 1 to 2 cm. wide; panicles large and open, the slender branches about 35 cm. long; spikelets 2 to 2.5 mm. long.

Costa Rica, Panama; shady banks and borders of streams, at medium alti- tudes. Mexico to Brazil, whence the type.

62. LUZIOLA Juss.; Grnel. Syst. Nat. ed. 13. 2: 637. 1791

Spikelets unisexual, 1 flowered, disarticulating from the pedicel, the staiuinate and pistillate flowers in separate panicles on the same plant; first glume and palea wanting; second glume and lemma about equal, thin, several to many nerved, lanceolate or oblong; stamens several ("6 to 18"); stigmas long, plumose: grain free, globose, smooth. Low creeping perennials, or annuals, with narrow, flat blades and terminal and axillary panicles. Species about six, in tropical America.

1. Luziola peruviana Gmel. Syst. Nat. ed. 13. 2 : 637. 1791.

More or less decumbent, spreading, apparently annual; culms 10 to 30 cm. long, blades flat, 1 to 2 mm. wide; panicles spreading, 2 to 3 cm. long; pistillate spikelets 2 to 3 mm. long, with striate glume and lemma; fruit globose, smooth, a little more than 1 mm. long; staminate spikelets 5 mm. long.

Guatemala; swamps and shallow water, at about 1,400 meters altitude.

Southern United Stntes and Cuba to Uruguay and Peru, whence the type.

63. PHARUS L. Syst. Nat. ed. 10. 2: 1269. 1759

Spikelets 1-flowered, unisexual, in pairs appresswl alon# the main branches of the inflorescence, 1-pistillate and sessile, the other staminate and long- pediceled; pistillate spikelet terete; glumes about equal, membranaceous, several-nerved; lemtna rather tliin in an thesis but becoming indurate in fruit, longer than the glumes, With a minute bent beak, the back clothed to a varying degree with thickly set unciqate hairs, these becoming adhesive organs in fruit, the edges sharply folded inward and the whole lemma becoming involute in fruit; pitlea very narrow, as long as the lemma, 2-nerved, membra naceous, HITCHCOCK—THE GRASSES OF CENTRAL AMERICA 617

folded around the long style; stigmas 3; staminate spikelet laterally compressed

on a stiff pedicel as long as the pistillate spikelet; glumes thin, the first shorter,

1-nerved, the second 3-nerved; lemma as long as the second glume; stamens 6,

Erect perennials (the base sometimes decumbent) with broad flat blades and

open panicles, the blades with fine transverse veins between the longitudinal

nerves, petioled (the petiole with a single twist reversing the upper and under

surfaces of the blade), the nerves running obliquely from midrib to margin.

Species about 6, tropical America.

Fruit 2 to 2.5 cm. long, 4 to 5 times as long as the glumes 1. P. cornutus

Fruit 8 to 15 mm. long, not more than twice as long as the glumes.

Fruit pubescent only near the summit 2. P. latifolius.

Fruit pubescent nearly all over.

Culms erect 3, P. glaber.

Culms decumbent and rooting at base 4. P. parvifolius.

1. Pharus cornutus Hack. Oesterr. Bot. Zeitschr. 52: fl. 1902.

Culms 30 to 50 cm. tall; blades obovate to oblaneeolate, mostly less thai*

12 cm. long, 3 to 5 cm. wide; panicles 10 to 15 cm. long, the lower pairs of

epikelets more or less pediceled on the spreading branches; glumes of fertile

spikelet 3 to 5 mm. long, fruit spreading, 2 to 2.5 cm. long, slender, elongate-

S-shaped from short curves at each end, densely pubescent toward apex,

sparsely so below. *

Costa Rica; wet forest, 200 to 500 meters altitude. Type from TsAki„

Talamanca.

2. Pharus latifolius L. Syst. Nat. ed. 10. 2: 1269. 1759.

Similar to P. plaher, the blades on the average broader, the fruits longer,

tapering at the summit, pubescent only near the tip.

Guatemala, Honduras, Costa Rica, Panama; wet forest at low altitudes.

Guatemala and the West Indies to Brazil. Type from Jamaica.

3. Pharus glaber H. B. K. Nov. Gen. & Sp. 1: 196. 1816.

Pharus m ezii Prodoehl, Bot Archiv Mez 1; 250. 1922.

Erect glabrous perennial 50 to 75 cm. tall; blades oblanceolate, acuminate, commonly 15 to 25 cm. long and 3 to 5 cm. wide; panicles large, open, fragile, the few branches stiffly ascending or spreading, the appressed oblong brown spikelets about 1 cm. long; fruit densely clothed with hooked hairs, the panicles readily breaking up, the pieces attaching themselves by the hooked hairs to passing objects.

Guatemala, Honduras, El Salvador, Costa Rica, Panama; wet forest at low and medium altitudes. Mexico and the West Indies to Brazil. Type from,

Venezuela.

4. Pharus parvifollus Nash, Bull. Torrey Club 35 : 303, 1908.

Resembling P. glabcr; base creeping and rooting; blades on the averager narrower.

Honduras, Costa Rica; wet forest at low altitudes. Mexico and the West

Indies to Brazil. Type from Haiti.

64. MELINIS Beauv. Ess. Agrost 54, pi. 11. f. j. 1812

Spikelets 1-flowered with a sterile lemma below as in Panlcum, disarticulat- ing from the short slender pedicels; first glume very small, the second about equaling "the sterile lemma, 2-lobed at apex, mucronate between the lobes, nerved; sterile lemma similar to the second glume, the awn straight, long and slender; fertile lemma and palea whitish, somewhat cartilaginous, shorter than the sterile lemma, awnless; palea a little shorter than its lemma. A spreading. 618 CONTRIBUTIONS FROM THE NATIONAL HERBARIUM

branching perennial with small spikelets In panicles. A single species In

America; about 14 species have been described from Africa.

1. Melinis minutiflora Beau v. Ess. Agrost. 54 pi. 11. f, 1812. Molasses obass.

Glandular throughout; culms a meter or more long, rooting at the lower

nodes, pubescent especially about the nodes; sheaths pilose; blades pubescent,

10 to 15 cm. long, 5 to 10 mm. wide; panicle 15 to 20 cm. long, dark purple,

rather closely flowered, the branches ascending; spikelets about 2 mm. long,

the straight delicate awn about 1 cm. long. When fresh the plant em its a

sweetish pungent odor. Zacate gordura.

Guatemala, Honduras, El Salvador, Costa Rica. Cultivated for forage. De-

scribed from Brazil where, however, It appears to be introduced. Native of

Africa.

65. ARUNDINELLA Raddi, Agrost. Bras. 36. pi 1. f. S. 1823

Spikelets short-pedicellate in large panicles; glumes acuminate, the tips

spreading, the second longer than the first and the sterile lemma; fertile lemma

minute, bearded on the callus, bearing a long slender awn from the apex.

About 25 species In the Tropics of Asia and America.

Awn tightly twisted below, geniculate.

Awn little exserted, 1 to 2 mm. long, the lower twisted part about as long as

the sterile lemma * 1 1. A. hispid*.

Awn as much as 1 cm. long, the lower twisted part about 4 mm. long,

exserted from the spikelet 2. A. confinls.

Awn loosely twisted below, the bend arcuate rather than geniculate.

Culm stout, 1.5 to 2 meters tall; sheaths appressed-hlspid; blades mostly

more than 1 cm, wide 3. A. deppeana.

Culm slender, mostly 0.5 to 1 meter tali; sheaths glabrous; blades mostly

Jess than 1 cm. wide 4, A, berteroniana.

1. Arundinella hispida. (Humb. & Bonpl.) Kuntze, Rev. Gen. PI. 2 : 761. 1891.

Andropogon hispidus Humb. & Bonpl.; Willd. Sp. PI. 4: 908. 1806.

Arundinella irasiliensis Raddl, Agrost. Bras. 37, 1823.

Tall reedlike perennial; sheaths and blades hispid; panicles condensed, 5 to

15 cm. long, the numerous branches ascending, 4 to 0 cm. long; spikelets about

3 mm. long, the awn geniculate and twisted, exserted 1 to 2 nun. at one side.

Panama (El Boquete) ; wet meadows. Panama to Argentina. Type from

Brazil.

2. Arundinella confinls (Schult.) Hltchc. & Chase, Contr. U. S. Nat, Herb,

18: 200. 1917.

Piptatherum confine Schult. Mant. 2: 184. 1824.

Arundinella martinicetisis Trin. Gram. Pan. 62 1826.

Arundinella pallida Nees, Agrost. Bras. 465. 1829.

Tufted erect perennial; culms strong, slender, up to 2.5 meters tail; blades

6a t, scabrous at least on the upper surface; panicles oblong, rather densely

-flowered, 20 to 40 cm. long.

Costa Rica, Panama; grassy slopes. Southern Mexico and the West Indies

to Paraguay. Type from Martinique.

3. Arundinella deppeana Nees in Stcud, Syn. PI. Glum 1: 115. 1854.

Arundinella phragmitoidvs Griseb. Cat. PI. Cuba 234. 1866.

Culms erect, as much as 2.5 meters tall; sheaths apprcssed-pilose, especially

toward summit; blades flat, as much as 2.5 cm. wide; panicle as much as

70 cm. long, the branches ascending, very numerous, closely overlapping, mostly HITCHCOCK—THE GRASSES OF CENTRAL AMERICA 619

10 to 15 cm. long; spikelets approximate on the branches, overlapping, 4 to

5 mm. long; awn about 1 cm. long.

Guatemala, British Honduras, Honduras, El Salvador, Nicaragua, Costa Rica,

Panama; savannas, grassy banks, and dry hills. Mexico, whence the type, and

the West Indies to Brazil.

4. Arundinella berteroniana (Schult.) Hitchc. & Chase, Contr. U. S. Nat.

Herb. 18: 290. 1917.

Triehochloa berteroniana Schult. Mant. 2: 209. 1824.

Arundinella peruviana Steud. Syn. PI, Glum. 1: 115. 1854.

Arundinella cubensis Griseb. Mem. Acad. n. ser. 8: 533. 1862.

Smaller and more slender than A. deppeana; blades often folded or involute,

usually less than 5 mm. wide; panicle less dense and fewer flowered.

Guatemala, Honduras, El. Salvador, Costa Rica, Panama; rocky river banks.

Mexico and the West Indies to Brazil. Type from Santo Domingo.

06. LEPTOCORYPHIUM Nees, Agrost. Bras. 83. 1829

Spikelets lanceolate, 1-flowered with a sterile lemma below; first glume

obsolete; second glume and sterile lemma 3 and 5 nerved, the latter a little

longer than the former and about as long as the fruit; fertile lemma slightly

cartilaginous-indurate, chestnut with a white delicate hyaline summit; palea

not inclosed above, the 2 nerves obscurely visible. Erect caspitose perennials

with narrow blades and narrow panicles. Species one or two In tropical

America.

1. Leptocoryphium lanatum (H. B. K.) Nees, Agrost. Bras. 84. 1829.

Paspalum lanatum H. B. K. Nov. Gen. & Sp. 1: 94. pi. 29. 1816.

Anthaenantia lanata Benth. Journ. Linn. Soc. Bot. 19 : 39. 1881.

Slender erect tufted perennial up to 1 meter tall; blades long, narrow, often

involute; panicles oblong, loose, many-flowered, pale, the brancblets capillary;

spikelets silky-pilose, the hairs at first appressed, at maturity spreading.

Guatemala, British Honduras, Honduras, Costa Rica, Panama; dry hills,

grassy plains, and pine barrens, mostly below 1,000 meters. Mexico, whence

the type, and West Indies to Argentina.

67. TRICHACHNE Nees, Agrost. Bras. 85. 1829

Adans. Fam. Pi. 2: 495. 1763. This name is rejected as being ineffec-

tively published, there being no species mentioned, though it is associable by

citation with Andropogon insularis L.)

Spikelets lanceolate, in pairs, short-pediceled, in two rows along one side of a narrow rachis; first glume minute, glabrous; second glume and sterile lemma about as long as the fruit, 3 to 5-uerved, copiously silky; fertile lemma carti- laginous, lanceolate, acuminate, usually brown, the flat white hyaline margins broad. Perennials, the slender racemes erect or nearly so, aggregate along the upper part of the main axis, forming a white or brownish silky panicle. Specie* about 12 in the warmer parts of America and in Australia.

Spikelets densely brown-silky; blades mostly 15 to 30 cm. long— 1, T. insularis.

Spikelets sparsely silky; blades mostly less than 10 cm. long 2 T. pittieri.

1. Trichachne insularis (L.) Nees, Agrost. Bras. 86. 1829. Soubgbasb-

Andropogon insularis L. Syst. Nat. ed. 10. 2: 1304. 1759.

PanUmm lanatum Rottb. Act. Lit. Univ. Hafn. 1: 269. 1778.

frnwicwm leucophacum H. B. E. Nov. Gen. & Sp. 1: 97. 1816. 620 CONTRIBUTIONS FROM THE XATIOJTAL HERBARIUM

Panimm insulare Meyer, Prim. PI. Esseq. 60. 1818.

Syntherisma insularis Millsp. & Chase, Field Mus. BoL 1: 473. 1002,

Valota insularis Chase, Proc. Biol. Soc. Washington 19: 188. 1906.

Diffitaria insularis Mez; Ekmau, Ark. f6r Bot. 13: 22. 1913.

Rather coarse tufted weedy perennial; sheaths sparsely hirsute; blades

flat, usually scabrous; silky panicles tawny at maturity.

Guatemala, Honduras, El Salvador, Nicaragua, Costa Rica, Panama; open ground, pastures, and waste places, low altitudes, usually below 1,000 meters.

Southern Florida and Mexico to Argentina. Type from Jamaica.

A common weed. Called Zacate amargo, cola de buey, tors6n.

2. Trichachne pit tier! (Hack.) Hitchc. Proc. Biol. Soc. Washington 40: 83. 1927,

Panicum pittieri Hack. Oesterr. Bot. Zeitschr. 51: 387. 1901.

Valota pittieri Chase, Proc. Biol. Soc. Washington 19: 188. 1906.

Straggling or spreading perennial; culms many-coded, rather slender*, mostly

less than 1 meter tall; blades flat, sparsely pilose, mostly 4 to 6 cm. long;

panicles greenish, of 5 to 12 slender ascending racemes 3 to 10 cm. long.

Costa Rica; thickets, pastures, and roadsides, vicinity of San Jos6, 1,000 to

2,000 meters. Type from Rfo Tibirf.

68. DIGITARIA Heist.; Scop. PI. Cam. ed. 2. 1: 52. 1772

(Syntherisma Walt. Fl. Carol. 70. 1788)

Spikelets solitary or in 2's or 3's, subsessile or short-pediceled, alternate in

two rows on one side of a 3-angled winged or wingless rachis; spikelets lanceo-

late or elliptic, plano-convex; first glume minute or wanting; second glume

equaling the sterile lemma or shorter; fertile lemma cartilaginous, the hyaline

margins pale. Erect or prostrate annuals or perennials, the slender racemes

digitate, or somewhat scattered but aggregate along the upper part of the culms. Species about 60 in warmer regions.

Rachis with scattered spreading long hairs. Spikelets narrow, 2.5 mm long;

first glume obsolete or nearly so 2. D. horizont&lis.

Rachis without long hairs.

Second glume only one-fourth as long as fruit, glabrous 8. D. curtigluma.

Second glume more than one-fourth as long as fruit.

Spikelets with a tuft of stiff appressed yellowish hairs extending beyond

the fruit.

Pedicels with a ring of stiff hairs at summit; racemes 1 to 6, 1 to 8 cm.

long 4. D. argillacea.

Pedicels without hairs at summit; racemes 8 to 10, 10 to 15 cm.

long 5. D. hirtigluma.

Spikelets pubescent but without a tuft of stiff hairs at tip.

Spikelets 1.5 mm. long. Plant annual; racemes. 2 to 8 cm. Ions.

3. D. panicea.

Spikelets more than 1.5 mm. long.

First glume evident; plant annual, spreading or decumbent; spikelets

3 mm. long 1. D. sanguinalis.

First glume obsolete or wanting; plants perennial.

Plants with stout stolons; sheaths and blades densely velvety-

pubescent 9. D. velutina.

Plants without stolons; sheaths and blades glabrous or pilose.

' Racemes 1 to 3 7. D. singularis.

Racemes more than 3 6. D. villosa. HITCHCOCK—THE GRASSES OF CENTRAL AMERICA 621

1. Digitaria sanguinalis (L.) Scop. Fl. Cam. ed. 2. 1: 52. 1772. CbabgrasS.

Panicum sanguinate L. Sp. PI, 57. 1753.

Panicum ftmbriatum Kunth, R6v. Gram. 1: 33. 1829.

Panicum linkianum Kunth, Rev. Gram. 1: 33. 1829.

Syntherisma sanguinalis Dulac, Fl. Haut. Pyr. 77. 1867.

Spreading branching annual often rooting at the nodes; sheaths pilose; blades

more or less pilose; racemes few to several, ascending or spreading, 5 to 10

cm. long, in 1 or 2 whorls; spikelets about 3 mm. long, the first glume small

but distinct.

Guatemala, Honduras, El Salvador, Nicaragua, Costa Rica, Panama; open

ground, fields, and waste places, low and medium altitudes. Throughout the wanner regions. Type from Europe. A common weed.

2. Digitaria horizontals Willd. Enum. Fl. 92. 1809.

Milium digitatum Swartz, Prodr. Veg. Ind. Occ. 24. 1788.

Panicum ftorizontale Meyer, Prim. Fl. Esseq. 54. 1818.

Syntherisma digitata Hitchc. Contr. U. S. Nat. Herb. 12: 142. 1908.

Digitaria digitata Urban, Symb. Ant ill. 8: 24. 1920. Not D. digitata Buese,

1854.

Resembling D. sanguinalis ; racemes more slender, the narrower rachls bear- ing scattered long delicate hairs; spikelets narrower, about 2 mm. long, the first glume obsolete.

Guatemala, Honduras, Nicaragua, Costa Rica, Panama; open ground, fields, and waste places, sometimes in partial shade, at low and medium altitudes.

Tropical regions of both hemispheres. Type from Dominican Republic.

3. Digitaria panicea (Swartz) Urban, Symb. Antill. 8 : 23. 1920.

Milittm paniceum Swartz, Prodr. Veg. Ind. Occ. 24. 17S8.

Erect or spreading annual 20 to 50 cm, tall; sheatlis ;in>re or less pubescent;

blades short, flat; panicles of 2 to several recemes 2 to a cm. long, the rachis narrowly winged; spikelets 1.5 mm. long; first glume wanting; second glume and sterile lemma pubescent, the hairs not extending beyond the spikelet, the glume a little shorter and narrower; fruit brown.

Guatemala, Nicaragua, Panama; open ground, at low and medium altitudes.

Mexico and the West Indies to Panama. Type from Jamaica.

4. Digitaria argillacea (Hitchc. & Chase), Fernald., Rhodora 00: 104. 1920.

Syntherisma argilla-cea Hitchc. & Chase, Contr. U. S. Nat. Herb, 18: 296. 1917.

Culms ascending or erect, 15 to 60 cm. tall; sheaths and narrow flat blades pubescent or villous; recemes slender, 1 to 6, ascending, 1 to 8 cm. long, the rachis wingless; spikelets 2 mm. long, the hairs exceeding the tip of the spike- let as a brushlike tip; first glume obsolete; fruit dark brown,

Guatemala, Costa Rica, Panama; savannas and brushy slopes, at low altitudes.

Also in the Greater Antilles. Type from Porto Rico.

5. Digitaria hirtigluma Hitchc. Proc. Biol. Soc. Washington 40: 83, 1927.

Culms glabrous, rather robust, about 50 cm. tall (lower part wanting in

specimen examined); sheaths keeled, glabrous or somewhat scabrous; blades

flat, scabrous, more or less pilose on upper surface especially toward base,

4 to 7 mm. wide, 10 to 15 cm. long (upper one or two only ones seen); panicle

10 to 18 cm. long, the common axis scabrous, about 7 cm. long, villous at base

of racemes; racemes 8 to 10, ascending, whitish, 10 to 15 cm. long, the rachis angular, scabrous, very narrowly winged; spikelets about 2.6 mm. long (in- cluding the hairs), mostly in 4's, 2 with pedicels about 1 mm. long, 2 with pedicels 3 to 4 mm. long, the pedicels scabrous or scabrous-hirsute, curved or

flexuous; first glume wanting; second glume narrower than the fruit and two- 622 CONTRIBUTIONS FROM THE NATIONAL HERBARIUM

thirds as long, pilose between the nerves and on the margins, the hairs toward the tip Btiffer, somewhat rufous, extending beyond nearly a millimeter; sterile lemma as long as the fruit, densely pilose or oppressed hirsute, except along the midnerve, the hairs extending as a stiff brush beyond the tip.

El Salvador (San Salvador, the type).

6. Digitaria villosa (Walt.) Pers. Syn. PI. 1: 85. 1805.

villosa Walt. Fl. Carol. 77. 1788.

Erect cespitose perennial, 50 to 120 cm. tall; sheaths pubescent or glabrate; blades narrow, sometimes loosely involute; panicles of several erect or ascend- ing racemes 8 to 15 cm. long, the rachis narrowly winged; spikelets 2 to 2.5 mm. long; first glume wanting; second glume a little shorter than the fruit, cinereous-pubescent, some of the hairs, especially along the edges, gland-tipped; sterile lemma like the second glume, about as long as the chestnut, apiculate fruit.

Guatemala, Costa Rica; open ground and grassland, 1,000 to 1,500 meters.

Southern United States and the West Indies to Costa Rica. Type from South

Carolina.

7. Digitaria singularis Mez, Bot. Jahrb, Engler 56: Belbl. 125: 8. 1921.

Erect slender perennial, 30 to 60 cm. tall; sheaths pilose; blades narrow, glabrous; panicles of 1 to 3 racemes, the rachis narrowly winged; spikelets

2 mm. long; first glume wanting; second glume a little shorter than the fruit, glandular-pubescent; sterile lemma as long as the fruit, glandular-pubescent; fruit chestnut.

Panama; savannas on Pacific side. Also Paraguay, whence the type.

8. Digitaria curtigluma Hitchc. Proc. Biol. Soc. Washington 40: 84, 1927.

Perennial; culms cespitose in large bunches, erect, slender especially at base,

1 to 1.5 meters tall; sheaths glabrous; blades flat, glabrous or somewhat pilose on upper surface near base, 4 to 7 mm. wide, as much as 40 cm. long; panicle

15 to 18 cm. long, the common axis scabrous, 3 to 4 cm. long; racemes

5 or 6, ascending, 10 to 15 cm. long, the rachis winged, the margins as wide as or wider than the central part; spikelets in pairs, about 2.3 mm. long; first glume wanting; second glume glabrous, obtuse or somewhat notched, one-fifth to one-fourth as long as the fruit; sterile lemma as long as the fruit. 5-nerved, the lateral pair close together near the margin, appressed pubescent on the internerves; fruit dark brown, very convex, minutely punctate in striae.

Panama (El Boquete, about 1,200 meters, on rather open, cut-over hillside, the type).

9. Digitaria velutina (DC.) Hitchc. Proc. Biol. Soc. Washington 40: 84. 1927.

Milium velutinum DC. Cat. Hort. Monsp. 126. 1813.

Syntherimna velutina Chase, Proc. Biol. Soc. Washington 19: 191. 1906.

Culms erect or ascending from stout stolons, 40 to 80 cm. tall; sheaths and blades densely velvety pubescent; panicle long-exerted, the racemes mostly

5 to 10, ascending, 5 to 10 cm. long, the flexuous rachis narrowly winged; spikelets about 3 mm. long; first glume minute, thin; second glume and sterile lemma equal, as long as the fruit, densely villous with brown hairs; fruit dark purple, somewhat pointed.

Guatemala; grassland, 1,500 to 2,500 meters. Also Mexico, whence the type.

60. STENOTAPHRTJH Trin. Fund. Agrost. 175. 1820

Spikelets embedded in one side of an enlarged and flattened corky rachis disarticulating at maturity, the spikelets remaining attached; first glume small; second glume and sterile lemma about equal, the latter with a palea or staminate HITCHCOCK—THE GRASSES OF CENTRAL AMERICA 623

flower; fertile lemma chartaceous. Creeping stoloniferous perennials, with

short flowering stems, rather broad and short obtuse blades, and terminal and

axillary spikes. Species about five; islands of the Pacific; one in tropical

America.

1. Stenotaphrum secun datum (Walt.) Kuntze, Rev. Gen. PI. 2 : 794. 1891.

St. Auoushnb grass.

Ischaemwn secundatum Walt. Fl. Carol. 249. 1788.

Stenotaphrum americcmum Schrank, PI. Bar. Hort. Monac. pi. 98. 1820.

Extensively creeping glabrous parennial, the flat stolons with long internodes

and short leafy branches, the sheaths equitant, the blades short, obtuse; flow-

ering culms 10 to 30 cm. tall, the blades commonly 10 to 15 cm. long; racemes

terminal and axillary, 5 to 10 cm. long; spikelets 4 to 6 mm. long.

Honduras, Costa Rica, Panama; seacoast on Atlantic side, (Pacific side in

Costa Rica). Southern United States to Argentina. Type from South

Carolina.

70. THRASYA H, B. K. Nov. Gen. & Sp. 1: 120. pi. 39. 1815

Inflorescence a single terminal spikelike raceme, the rachis usually with

membranaceous wings, partially embracing the row of spikelets; spikelets ap-

parently subsessile and solitary in a single row, but actually in pairs, the spike-

lets of each pair back to back, the pedicel of the primary spikelet adnate to

the midnerve of the rachis; first glume minute, often hyaline; second glume

shorter than the spikelet; sterile lemma sub indurate, thinner down the middle,

at maturity splitting to the base (the margins of the split rolling inward),

or deeply sulcate only, the sterile pa lea nearly as long as its lemma, the margins

firm, inclosing a staminate flower or empty; fruit cartilaginous-indurate, com-

monly with stiff hairs at the summit. Slender brim hing perennials, with

narrow blades. Eight species have been referred to the genus, and a few others

have not yet been segregated from Panicum; tropical America.

Spikelets glabrous 1. T. campylostachya,

Spikelets pubescent.

Rachis 3 to 4 mm. wide; culms 1 to 1.5 meters tall 2. T. petrosa.

Rachis 2 mm. wide; culms 70 cm. tall 3. T. hitchcockii.

Rachis less than 0.5 mm. wide; culms 15 to 30 cm. tall 4. T. villosa.

1. Thrasya campylostachya (Hack.) Chase, Proc. Biol. Soc. Washington 24:

115. 1911.

Panicum campylostachyum Hack. Oesterr. Dot. Zeitschr. 51: 307. 1901.

Culms slender, often straggling, 30 to 80 cm. long; sheaths hirsute to glabrate;

blades pubescent to glabrate, 3 to 10 mm. wide; raceme curved, 2 to 10 cm.

long, the rachis less than 1 mm. from edge to midrib; spikelets glabrous, 2.5 to

3 mm. long.

Guatemala, El Salvador, British Honduras, Honduras, Costa Rica (type from

Cafias Gordas), Panama; savannas, grassy hills and pine woods, up to 1,200

meters. Guatemala to Bolivia.

2. Thrasya petrosa (Trln.) Chase, Proc. Biol. Soc. Washington 24: 115. 1911.

Panioum petrosum Trin. Gram. Icon. 3; pi. 2S0. 1831.

Tylothrasya petrosa Doell in Mart. Fl. Bras. 2': 295. pi. 37. 1877.

Culms cespltose, rather robust, 1 to 1,5 meters tall; sheaths pubescent to glabrate; blades elongate; raceme 15 to 20 cm. long, curved; rachis 3 to 4 mm. wide; spikelets about 4 mm. long, villous.

Panama; grassy hills and savannas at low altitudes, Pacific side. Also

Venezuela and Peru to Brazil and Paraguay. Type from Brazil. 624 CONTRIBUTIONS FROM THE NATIONAL HERBARIUM

3. Thrasya hitchcockii Chase, Journ. Washington Aead. Scl. 17: 142. 1927.

Tufted perennial; culms about 70 cm. tall; blades 15 to 30 cm. long, 5 to 6

mm. wide, finely pubescent on both surfaces and coarsely pilose; racemes soli*

tary, terminal and axillary, arcuate, slender, 10 to 20 cm. long; spikelets 2.5

mm. long, pilose.

Panama (brushy slopes, Chorrera, the type).

4 Thrasya villosa Hitchc. Proc. Biol. Soc. Washington 40: 84. 1927.

Perennial, villous or velvety-pubescent throughout; culms erect, 15 to 30 cm.

tall; blades flat, 2 to 4 mm. wide, 5 to 10 cm. long; racemes terminal and

axillary, slightly curved, 2 to 5 cm. long, long-villous at the base, the rachis

less than 0.5 mm. wide, villous with long and short hairs intermixed, not

margined or inrolled; spikelets about 2.5 mm. wide, densely pubescent.

Panama (savannas, Cerro Vaca, eastern Ohiriquf, 900 to 1,136 meters, the

type).

71. PSEUDECHINOLAENA Stapf in Pro in, Fl. Trop. Afr. 9: 494. 1919

Spikelets loosely arranged in several erect or ascending racemes, the back

of the fruit of the primary spikelet turned from the axis; first and second

glumes about as long as the spikelet, the second unciuate-spiny and ventricose

at maturity. Rather delicate annuals with creeping base and broad fiat blades.

Species 1.

1. Pseudechinolaena polystachya (II. B. K.) Stapf in Prain, PI. Trop, Afr. 9:

495. 1919.

Echinolaena polystachya H. B. K, Nov. Gen. & Sp. 1: 119. 1816.

Panicum unclnatum Raddi, Agrost. Bras. 41. 1823.

Plants creeping and rooting at base; fertile culms erect or ascending, 20 to

40 cm. tall; blades thin, ovate-lanceolate, 3 to 6 cm. long; racemes rather

distant, mostly 4 to 8, 2 to 3 cm. long; spikelets 3 to 4 mm. long.

Guatemala, Honduras, Costa Rica, Panama; shady bank, brushy slopes and

cultivated groves, up to about 1,500 meters. Mexico to Bolivia and Uruguay.

Also in tropical Africa. Type from Colombia.

72. MESOSETUM Steud. Syn. pi. Glum. 1: 118. 1854

Inflorescence a single erect terminal spikelike raceme, the spikelets sub-

sessile, solitary, in two rows on one side of a slender rachis, the back of the

fruit turned from the rachis, ventricose on the side toward the rachis and

fitting into its concavities, the back of the spikelet flat or nearly so; glumes

and sterile lemma usually bearing stiff hairs on the strong lateral nerves, the

midnerve of the sterile lemma faint or suppressed; fruit ventricose on the palea

side. Slender, perennials or sometimes apparently annuals, with narrow blades.

Blades pilose; spikelets densely long-pilose on margins and tip; plant perennial

1. M. fllifolium.

Blades glabrous; spikelets sparsely pilose; plant apparently annual

2. Iff. plttieri.

1. Mesosetum filifolium Hubb. Proc. Amer. Acad. 49: 494. 1913.

Erect densely cespitose perennial from a thick caudexlike base; culms 40 to

60 cm. tall, hispid at the nodes; blades flat, as much as 3 mm. wide, or involute, pilose; raceme silvery, 5 to 8 cm, long; spikelets 4 to 5 mm. long; first glume long-pilose, a little shorter than the spikelet; second glume and sterile lemma

glabrous on the back, pilose on margins and tip; fertile lemma acuminate.

Guatemala, British Honduras; grassy plains and pine ridges, at low altitudes,

Atlantic side. Type from Manatee Lagoon, British Honduras. HITCHCOCK—THE GRASSES OF CENTRAL AMERICA 625

2. Mesosetum pittieri Hitchc. Proc. Biol. Soc. Washington 40: 85. 1027.

Apparently annual; culms spreading, 10 to 30 cm. long; nodes hispidulous;

blades flat, distantly setulose on the thickened margin, sparingly pilose near base,

2 to 5 cm. long, 3 to 4 mm. wide; raceme 2 to 4 cm. long; spikelets about 5 mm.

long; first glume a little shorter than the equal second glume and sterile lemma,

laterally compressed, narrowed to the middle and then widened to a rounded

crestlike tip, pilose on the lower part of the keel; second glume laterally com-

pressed above, narrowed to a crestlike acute tip, pilose at the base, sparingly

villons on the lower half of the back, 5-nerved, cross-ridged toward the apex;,

sterile lemma similar to the second glume, the crested tip less acute; fertile

lemma acute, shorter than the second glume.

Panama (Chepo, the type) ; savannas at low altitudes, Pacific side.

73. ERIOCHLOA H. B. K. Nov. Gen. & Sp. 1: 94. 1816

Spikelets dorsally compressed, more or less pubescent, solitary or sometimes

in pairs, short-pediceled or subsessile, in two rows on one side of a narrow,

usually hairy rachis, the pedicels often clothed with long, stiff hairs, the back

of the fertile lemma turned from the rachis; lower rachilla joint thickened,

forming a more or less ringlike, usually dark-colored callus below the second

glume, the first glume reduced to a minute sheath about this and adnate to It;

second glume and sterile lemma about equal, acute or acuminate; fertile lemma

indurate, minutely papillose-rugose, mucronate or awned, the awn. often readily

deciduous, the margins slightly inrolled. Annuals or perennials with terminal

panicles consisting of several or many spreading or appressed racemes, usually

rather closely arranged along the main axis. Species about 15, in the warmer

parts of the world, mostly in America.

Racemes 2 1. E. distachya.

Racemes several.

Pedicels long-pilose; spikelets 6 mm. long, narrowed Into a subulate glabrous

point 2. E. pacific*.

Pedicels pubescent; spikelets 4 mm. long 3. E. punctata.

1. Eriochloa distachya H. B. K. Nov. Gen. & Sp. 1: 95. pi. 30. 1816.

Erect perennial; culms 20 to 40 cm, tali, branched above, the slender exserted peduncles bearing 2 (rarely 3) racemes 1 to 2 cm. long, about 1 cm. apart; rachis woolly, the short pedicels with a ring of long hairs at the summit.

Guatemala, Costa Rica, Panama; savannas up to 1,000 meters. Guatemala to Paraguay. Type from Venezuela.

2. Eriochloa pacifica Mez, Bot. Jahrb. Engler 56: Beibl. 125: 11. 1921.

Erect or spreading annual as much as 1 meter tall; culms branching, softly pubescent; sheaths pubescent; blades velvely, flat, narrowly lanceolate, as much as 1 cm. wide; panicle 0 to 15 cm. long, of 4 to several ascending or spreading racemes about 2 cm. long, the axis densely pubescent; spikelets about C mm.

Ion*:, densely pubescent on the lower two-thirds, except the ring at base, glabrous on the upper subulate third; pedicel long-pilose at summit; fruit 2 mm. long, obtuse, mucronate.

Nicaragua; rocky slopes at low altitudes, Pacific side. Also Eucadoi and

Peru, whence the type.

3. Eriochloa punctata (L.) Desv.; Hamilt. Prodr. PI. Ind. Occ, 5. 1825.

MUium punctatvm L. Syst. Nat. ed. 10. 2: 872. 1759.

Glabrous branching perennial; culms ascending from a decumbent base, commonly 1 meter or more tall; blades flat, 10 to 15 mm. wide; racemes, several 626 CONTRIBUTIONS FROM THE NATIONAL HERBARIUM

to many, narrowly ascending the axis pubescent and vlllous; spikelets lanceolate,

acute, about 4 mm. long, appressed-pubescent on the lower half; fruit about 2

mm. long, the awn hlspidulous, about 1 mm. long.

Guatemala, Costa Rica, Panama; swamps, ditches, and wet places up to

about 1,000 meters. Southern United States to Argentina. Type from Jamaica.

74. BRACHIARIA Griseb. in Ledeb. Fl. Ross. 4: 460. 1853

'Spikelets dorsally compressed, solitary, rarely in pairs, subsessile in two rows

-on one side of a 3-angled, sometimes narrowly winged rachis, the first glume

turned toward the axis; second glume and sterile lemma about equal, 5 to 7

nerved, the lemma inclosing a hyaline palea and sometimes a staminate flower;

fertile lemma Indurate, usually papillose-rugose, the margins Inrolled, the apex

rarely mucronate or bearing a short awn. Annuals or perennials with linear

blades and several spreading or appressed racemes along a common axis.

Species about 15, in the warmer regions of both hemispheres.

1. Brachiaria plantaginea (Link) Hltchc. Contr. U. S. Nat. Herb. 12: 212.

1009.

Panicum plantagineum Link, Hort. Berol. 1: 206. 1827.

Erect or often widely spreading, glabrous, branching annual; blades flat, as

much as 15 mm. wide; racemes mostly 3 or 4, spreading, 3 to 7 cm. long, remote

along the axis, the glabrous spikelets 4 to 4.5 mm. long.

Guatemala, El Salvador, Nicaragua, Costa Rica; ditches, moist places and

rich shady soil up to 1,500 meters. Southern United States to Brazil whence

the type, and Bolivia.

75. AXONOPUS Beauv. Ess. Agrost. 12, 154. 1812

Spikelets depressed biconvex, not turgid, oblong, usually obtuse, solitary,

sessile, and alternate, in two rows on one side of a 3-angled rachis, the back of

the fertile lemma turned from the axis; first glume wanting; second glume and

sterile lemma equal, the lemma without a palea; fertile lemma and palea in-

durate. the lemma oblong-elliptic, usually obtuse, the margins slightly inrolled.

Stoloniferous or tufted perennials, rarely annuals, with usually flat or folded, abruptly rounded or somewhat pointed blades, and few or numerous, slender,

spikelike racemes, digitate or racemose along the main axis. Species about

30, tropical America.

Rachis bearing conspicuous stiff spreading golden yellow hairs. (Section

Cabreba.)

Rachis about 0.5 mm. wide, not extending beyond the spikelets. Plant peren-

nial 1. A. aureus,

Rachis more than 1 mm. wide, extending beyond the spikelets.

Plant annual; sheaths glabrous or sparingly hispid 2. A. appendiculatus.

Plant perennial; sheaths papillose-hispid 3. A. chrysoblepharis.

Rachis not bearing stiff hairs. (Axonopus proper.)

Plants annual. Racemes 2 or 3, delicate 4, A. capillaris.

Plants perennial.

Plants cespitose, not stoloniferous.

Blades 8 to 10 mm. wide, rather lax; glume and sterile lemma much

exceeding the fruit 8. A. cen trails.

Blades not more than 6 mm. wide; glume and sterile lemma scarcely

exceeding the fruit. HITCHCOCK—THE GRASSES OF CENTRAL AMERICA 627

Spikelets not more than 2 mm. long.

Spikelets stiff-pilose along the margin and at apex 10. A. purpusii.

Spikelets glabrous or nearly so 9. A. ater.

Spikelets about 3 mm. long, pale.

Sheaths and blades villous 11. A, blakei.

Sheaths and blades glabrous or nearly so 12. A. poiophyllus.

Plants stoloniferous.

Culms mostly more than 50 cm. tall, sometimes as much as 2 meters tall;

racemes of primary culm numerous 7. A. scoparius.

Culms mostly less than 50 cm. tall; racemes 2 to 5.

Spikelets 1.5 mm. long; glume and sterile lemma not pointed beyond

the fruit 6. A. fiseifolius.

Spikelets 2 to 3 mm. long; glume and sterile lemma pointed beyond

the fruit 5. A. compressus.

1. Axonopus aureus Beam. Ess. Agrost. 12. 1812.

Paspalum aureum H. B. K. Nov. Gen. & Sp. 1: 93. 1816.

Tall slender branching perennial; culms wiry, compressed; blades flat, rather

firm, spreading; racemes 4 to 15, subdigitate, slender, golden-brown, the stiff

orange-yellow hairs in tufts below tlie spikelets as well as along the margins ;

eplkelets about 1.3 mm. long, glabrous or sparingly a ppressed-hispid.

El Salvador, Costa Rica, Panama; savannas and grassy hills. Porto Rico

and Central America to Brazil and Bolivia. Type from tropical America, exact

locality not known,

2. Axonopus appendiculatus (Presl) Hitchc. & Chase, Contr. U. S. Nat. Herb.

18 : 300. 1917. V

Paspalum appcndiculatum Presl, Rel. Haenk. 1: 211. 1830.

Slender sparingly branching annual with long smooth orange-colored inter-

nodes; blades flat, thin, yellowish green, sparsely hispid or glabrous; racemes

2 to 8, subdigitate, 3 to 6 cm. long, the flat green rachis bearing a row of stiff

golden hairs on each margin and down the center between the 2 rows of small

glabrous spikelets sunken in the rachis.

Panama; savannas and brushy elopes, at low altitudes, Pacific side. Trinidad

and Panama, whence the type.

3. Azonopus chrysoblepharis (Lag.) Chase, Proc. Biol. Soc. Washington 24:

134. 1911.

Cabrera chrysoblepharis Lag, Gen. & Sp. Nov. 5. 1816.

Paspalum chrysobicphare Doell in Mart. Fl. Bras, 2 a: 119. 1877.

Differs from A, aureus in the papillose-hispid sheaths and the stouter

racemes, the rachis more than 1 mm. wide, extending beyond the spikelets as

a short point; spikelets glabrous, about 2 mm. long.

Costa Rica, Panama, whence the type; savannas and grassy hills up to 500

meters, Pacific side. Costa Rica to Paraguay.

4. Axonopus capillaris (Lam.) Chase, Proc. Biol. Soc. Washington 24: 133-

1911.

Paspalum capiUare I jam. Tab!. Encycl. 1: 176. 1791.

Anastrophus capillaris Nash, N. Amer. Ft. 17: 161. 1912.

Slender ascending branching, nearly glabrous annual; blades thin, 2.5 to

5 cm. long, about 4 mm. wide; racemes 2 or 3, delicate, about 2.5 cm. long on long subcapillary peduncles; spikelets a little more than 1 mm. long.

El Salvador, Costa Rica; open ground, fields and grassland. Central America to Trinidad and Brazil. Type from tropical America.

t 628 CONTRIBUTIONS FROM THE NATIONAL HERBARIUM

5. Axonopus compressus (Swartz) Beauv. Ess. Agrost. 12. 1812,

Carpet grass.

Milium compressum Swartz, Prodr. Veg. Ind. Occ. 24. 1788.

Paspalum platica-ulon Poir. in Lam. Encycl. Suppl. 5: 34. 1804.

Paspalum compressum Raspail, Ann. Sci. Nat. 5: 301. 1825.

Anastrophus compressus Schlecht.; Doell. in Mart. Fl. Bras. 2 *: 102. 1877,

Nearly glabrous perennial, under favorable conditions producing long leafy

stolons with short broad obtuse blades; flowering culms erect or ascending,

compressed; blades rather thin, 8 to 10 mm. wide; racemes 2 to 5, slender,

along a short axis, 2 or 3 axillary peduncles often produced from the upper

node; splkelets glabrous or nearly so, 2 to 3 mm. long.

Guatemala, Honduras, El Salvador, Nicaragua, Costa Rica, Panama; grass-

land, fields, partial shade, common at low altitudes. Southern United States to

Argentina. Type from Jamaica.

6. Axonopus fissifolius (Rnddl) Kuhlm. Comm. Linhas Telegr. Matto Grosso

67: 87. 1922.

Paspalum fissifolium Raddi, Agrost. Bras. 26, 1823

Differs from A. compressus in its much more slender and decumbent habit, in the nearly conform foliage of stolons and fertile culms, and in the smaller,

less pubescent splkelets, the glume and sterile lemma not pointed beyond the fruit; splkelets about 1.5 mm. long.

El Salvador; sandy grassland at low altitudes. El Salvador to Brazil, whence the type, and Bolivia.

7. Axonopus scoparius (Flflgse) Hltchc. Contr. U. S. Nat. Herb. 22: 471,

1922.

Paspalus 800pariu3 Flilgge, Monogr. Pasp. 124. 1810.

Stout smooth erect perennial as much as 2 meters tall, with long stout stolons; blades as much as 3 cm. wide; panicles as much as 30 cm. long of several to

many racemes; splkelets glabrous, 3 mm. long.

El Salvador, Costa Rica, Panama; hills and savannas, Central America to

Brazil and Bolivia. Type from Venezuela.

Cultivated for forage from Colombia to Bolivia under the name of gamalote, cachi, and carlcachi; under trial in El Salvador.

8. Axonopus centralis Chase, Journ. Washington Acad. Sci. 17: 143. 1927.

Culms cespitose, erect, without stolons, 40 to 100 cm. tall; sheaths glabrous. compressed; blades elongate, 7 to 10 mm. wide; racemes 2 to 5, 8 to 15 cm,

long; splkelets narrow, 3 mm. long, silky pubescent on the Internerves.

Honduras, Nicaragua, Panama; grassy bills. Only known from Central

America. Type from Panama.

®. Axonopus ater Chase, Journ. Washington Acad. Sci, 17: 143. 1927.

Densely tufted perennial; culms 40 to 50 cm. tall; blades folded, 4 to 5 mm.

■wide; inflorescence terminal and axillary, the terminal of 2 to 5, the axillary of 2 racemes; racemes 4 to 6 cm. long, widely spreading; splkelets 1.8 mm. long, glabrous.

Panama (open slope, Gatfin, Canal Zone, the type).

10. Axonopus purpusii (Me%) Chase, Journ. Washington Acad. Sci. 17: 144.

1927.

Paspalum purpusii Mez, Bot. Jahrb. Engler 50: Beibl. 125: 10. 1921,

Closely cespitose, erect or spreading, 30 to 60 cm. tall; blades mostly 1 to .1 mm. wide, often folded, pilose toward the base; racemes mostly 2 to 4, long exserted, 2 to 5 cm. or even 10 cm. long; splkelets 2 mm. long, stiff-pilose along the margins and tip. Differs from A. compressus in the cespitose habit, the long narrow blades, and in the pilose splkelets. HITCHCOCK—THE GRASSES OP CENTRAL AMERICA 629

Guatemala, British Honduras, Costa Rica, Panama; savannas and open

woods at low altitudes. Mexico, whence the type, to Argentina.

11. Axonopus blakei Hitchc. Proc. Biol. Soc. Washington 40: 85. 1927.

Culms densely cespitose, erect, about 60 cm. tall; nodes densely villous; sheaths villous, especially at the collar; blades folded at base, flat above,

2 to 4 mm. wide, papillose-pilose, 10 to 25 cm. long; racemes mostly 3, the lower

2 to 3 cm. below the other 2, pubescent at the base, 7 to 12 cm. long; spikelets

3 mm. long, the second glume and sterile lemma pilose along the margins and

apex, sparingly pilose on the back, the hairs toward the tip as much as 1 mm. long.

Guatemala (open plains, Cristina, Dept. of Izabal, the type).

12. Axonopus poiophyllus Chase, Proc. Biol. Soc. Washington 24: 133. 1911.

Anastrophus poiophyllus Nash, N. Amer. Fl. 17: 163. 1912.

Culms rather stout, cespitose, 50 to 80 cm. tall; nodes hispid; basal sheaths strongly compressed, glabrous; blades firm, elongate, 3 to 5 mm, wide; racemes few to several, erect, approximate, 10 to 15 cm. long; spikelets about 3 mm. long, lightly pubescent.

Guatemala, Honduras, Panama; grassy hills, at low altitudes. Known only from Central America. Type from Secanqulm, Guatemala.

76. PASFALUM L. Syst. Nat. ed. 10. 2: 855. 1759

Spikelets plano-convex, usually obtuse, subsessile, solitary or in pairs, in

two rows on one side of a narrow or dilated rachis, the back of the fertile lemma toward it; first glume usually wanting; second glume and sterile lemma commonly about equal, the former rarely wanting; fertile lemma usually obtuse, chartaccous-indurate, the margins inrolled. Annuals or perennials, with one to many spikelike racemes, theee single or paired at the summit of the culms or racemosely arranged along the main axis. Species about 380, mostly in the warmer regions of America, a few in the Old World.

Rachis membranaceous or foliaceous, mostly broad and winged (scarcely

winged in a few species with silky spikelets).

Spikelets clothed with long silky hnirs or conspicuously fringed with long

hairs. (Subgenus Ceresia.)

Second glume broadly winged; sterile lemma fringed with long hairs.

Rachis narrower than the spikelets; glume cordate at base.

6. P. pectinatum.

Rachis wider than the spikelets; glume not cordate— 7. P. contractual.

Second glume not winged.

Rachis brightly colored, the margins golden to rufous; spikelets solitary,

Culms simple; racemes solitary or paired 1. P. stellatum.

Culms branching; racemes not paired, 2 to 7 on the main culm, solitary

on the branches 2. P. heterotrichon.

Rachis dull greenish, purplish or brown; spikelets paired or solitary.

Culms branching. •

Rachis 4 to 5 mm. wide; culms robust, clambering. Racemes usually

more than 8 3. P. trachycoleon.

Rachis less than 3 mm. wide; culms not robust and clambering.

Blades not ciliate, those of the primary culm not more than 7 mm.

wide; fringing hairs of the spikelet rather silky, very unequal.

4. P. cymbiforme.

Blades papillose-eiliate, mostly 8 to 12 mm. wide; fringing hairs

of the spikelet stiff, about equal 5. P. humboldtianum. 630 CONTRIBUTIONS FROM THE NATIONAL HERBARIUM

Spikelets glabrous (or minutely pubescent in P, repens), Rachis foliaceous,

green. (Group Dissecta. )

Plants perennial.

Racemes persistent on the axis; rachis with a spikelet at the apex.

8. P. acuminatum.

Racemes falling from the axis; rachis extending beyond the upper-

most spikelet 9. P. repena.

Plants annual.

Plants robust, erect; racemes 5 to 15 cm. long, persistent.

12. F. crassum.

Plants slender, spreading ov clambering; racemes 1.5 to 5 cm. long,

falling entire.

Plants smooth or slightly scabrous; spikelets 2.3 to 2.5 mm. long.

10. P. candidum.

Plants very scabrous throughout, spikelets 1.8 to 1.9 mm. long.

11. P. scabrum.

Rachis not membranaceous, foliaceous, or winged. (Slightly winged in a few

species but, if so, spikelets not silky.)

Inflorescence a large flabellate panicle of numerous racemes. Spikelets soli-

tary.

Spikelets glabrous or minutely ciliate— 52. P. fasciculatum.

Spikelets obscured by their long silky hairs 67. P. saccharoides.

Inflorescence not flabellate.

Racemes 2, conjugate or nearly so at the summit of the culm, rarely a

third raceme below.

Spikelets elliptic or narrowly ovate.

Plants with creeping rhizomes or stolons. (Group Disticha),

Second glume pubescent; spikelets relatively turgid.

14. P. distichum,

Second glume and sterile lemma glabrous; spikelets flattened.

13. P. vaginatum.

Plants tufted, not rliizomatou^ or sloloniferous 19. P. lineare.

Spikelets suborbicular, broadly ovate or obvoate.

Spikelets concave-convex, sparsely long-silky around the margin; plants

stolon iferous 49. P. conjugatum.

Snikelets plano-convex, not silky-margined; plants not stoloniferous.

Plants annual, small, slender; spikelets not more than 1.5 mm. long.

Spikelets orbicular, some of them headi'd with globular hairs.

40. P. multicaule.

Spikelets obovate, glabrous or minutely pubescent.

Glume and sterile lemma narrower than the fruit, exposing it,

spotted with black 41. P. pictum.

Glume and sterile lemma covering the fruit, not spotted.

42. P. clavuliferum.

Plants perennial; spikelets 1.8 to 3 mm. long.

* Rhizome none or short; spikelets somewhat ciliate.

18. P. subciliatum.

Rhizome stout, horizontal, forming a tough sod.

Spikelets 2.5 to 3 mm. long 16. P. notatum.

Spikelets less than 2.5 mm. long 17. p. minus. HITCHCOCK—THE GRASSES OF CENTRAL AMERICA 631

Racemes 1 to many, racemose or fascicled 011 the axis, not conjugate.

Second glume wanting.

Fruit smooth and shining 05, P. pulchellum.

Fruit minutely papillose. Pedicels with long stiff hairs.

64. P. gardnerianuzn.

Second glume developed.

First glume developed on at least one of the pair of spikelets (com-

monly obsolete in P. nutam).

Spikelets not more than 2 mm. long; plants decumbent, creeping.

First glume small, about equally developed on all spikelets.

22. P. decumbens.

First glume obsolete or only occasionally developed—23. P. nutans.

Spikelets more than 2 rain, long; plants not decumbent.

Spikelets glabrous (sometimes obscurely pubescent In P. (ido-

perkns).

Nodes glabrous: sterile lemma not sublndurate nor papillose;

first glume rudimentary or obsolete 26. P. adoperiens.

Xodes, at least the lower, pubescent; sterile lemma subindurate,

minutely papillose; first glume commonly well developed.

Racemes 2 or 3 — 24. P. peckii.

Racemes solitary 25. P. pilosum.

Spikelets pubescent, at least on the second glume.

First glume obsolete or nearly so on the primary spikelet, often

or commonly obsolete on the secondary 29. P. botterii.

First glume developed in both spikelets, rarely wanting in the

primary one. Spikelets glandular-speckled.

Spikelets sparsely pubescent, 2.2 to 2.6 mm. long; first glume

of secondary spikelets small 27. P. langei.

Spikelets densely pubescent at least on the second glume, 2.9

to 3.2 mm. long; first glume of secondary spikelet one-fifth

to two-thirds as long as the spikelet 28. P. varlabile.

First glume normally wanting (rarely developed on occasional

spikelets).

Racemes terminal and axillary, the axillary sometimes hidden In

the sheaths; terminal inflorescence of 1 to 3, rarely to 6, racemes.

Plants rooting at the lower nodes 23. P. nutans.

Plants erect to widely spreading but not rooting at the nodes.

(Group Setacea.)

Spikelets mostly 2 mm. long, rounded at the summit; blades

mostly more than 8 mm. wide 20. P. cillatifolium.

Spikelets 1.8 to 1.9 mm. long, slightly pointed; blades not more

than 8 mm. wide 21. P. propinquum.

Racemes terminal on the primary culms or leafy branches, no truly

axillary racemes.

Plants annual.

Spikelets with a broad firm notched marginal wing

66. P. fimbriatum.

Spikelets not winged.

Spikelets not more than 1.5 mm. long, elliptic; fruit pale.

Racemes 6 to 35 45. P. microstachyum.

61564—30—i—6 CONTRIBUTIONS FROM THE NATIONAL HERBARIUM

Racemes 1 to 4. (Group Pabviflora.)

Spikelets solitary.

Spikelets orbicular, usually beaded with globular hairs

40. P. multicaule.

Spikelets elliptic not beaded 43. P. parvifloruxn.

Spikelets in pairs.

Glume and sterile lemma covering the fruit

42. P. clavTiliferum.

Glume and sterile lemma narrower than the fruit ex-

posing it on the sides 41. P. pictum.

Spikelets 2 to 3 mm. long; fruit dark brown.

Spikelets 2.4 to 3 mm. long, commonly appressed pubescent

62. P. convexum,

Spikelets not more than 2.2 mm. long; glabrous

63. P. boscianum.

Plants perennial.

Plants creeping, rooting at the nodes.

Plants not stoloniferous, the culms decumbent and rooting at

base; fruit pale 34. P. squamulatum.

Plants stoloniferous; fruit reddish at maturity. (Group

Obbiculata. )

Spikelets not orbicular, more or less elliptic

47. P. jlmenezii.

Spikelets suborbicular.

Blades 1 to 6 cm. long; spikelets 1 to 1.2 mm. long

46. P. orbiculatum.

Blades 5 to 13 cm. long; spikelets 1.7 to 1.8 mm. long

48. P. hitchcockii.

Plants not creeping, sometimes rooting at one or two nodes of a

decumbent base, if so, spikelets in pairs.

Spikelets conspicuously silky-ciliate around the margin, the

hairs long as the spikelets or longer.

Racemes commonly 3 to 5; culms geniculate at base

50. P. dilatatum.

Racemes commonly 12 to 18; culms erect 51. P. urvillei.

Spikelets not conspicuously ciliate.

Fruit dark-brown and shining; spikelets glabrous or mi-

nutely appressed-pubesceut

Sterile lemma wrinkled just within the margin

60. P. plicatulum.

Sterile lemma flat 61. P. centrale.

Fruit pale stramineous (brown but not shining in P.

virgatum).

Plants robust; culms commonly more than 1 meter, often

2 meters, tall (sometimes slender and smaller in

P. ooryphaeum). Spikelets normally in pairs.

Culms finally freely branching; racemes 10 to 45

59. P. coryphaeum.

Culms simple or with a few simple branches.

Sheaths, at least the lower, harshly hispid. Bach la

not dilate '—30. P. afflne. HITCHCOCK—THE GRASSES OF CENTRAL AMERICA 633

Sheaths not hispid.

Splkelets pubescent, at least toward the summit;

blades flat, more or less arcuate-spreading.

Fruit brown at maturity 53. P. virgatum.

Fruit pale. Splkelets abruptly acute or subacute.

Rachis not ciliate; spikelets 3.5 mm. long or

more 54. P. acutum.

Rachis conspicuously ciliate; spikelets less

than 8 mm. long 55. P. plenum.

Spikelets glabrous; blades V-shaped In cross-section,

ascending.

Spikelets ovate-elliptic; rachis not ciliate.

56. P. arundinaceum.

Spikelets suborbicular, crowded; rachis ciliate.

Panicle not pyramidal, the racemes rarely more

than 50; glume and sterile lemma firm in

texture 57. P. millegrana.

Panicle elongate-pyramidal, the racemes com-

monly more than 70, short and crowded at

the summit; glume and sterile lemma

fragile 58. P. densum.

Plants not robust; if more than 1 meter tall, culms

relatively slender.

Spikelets* suborbicular or broadly obovate or broadly

oval.

Spikelets glabrous 34. P. squamulatum.

Spikelets pubescent.

Spikelets 1.7 to 1.9 mm. long, not densely crowded.

35 P. lentiginosum.

Spikelets not more than 1.5 mm. long, usually less,

crowded 36. P. paniculatum.

Spikelets elliptic to oval or obovate.

Culms decumbent at base, rooting at the lower nodes,

branching.

Sheaths, at least the lower, harshly hispid.

89. P. botterii.

Sheaths not hispid 15. P. lividum.

Culms erect to spreading, not rooting at the nodes.

Spikelets not more than 1.8 mm. long.

Spikelets solitary 44. P. standleyt

Spikelets in pairs.

Spikelets about 1.3 mm. long, glandular-

pubescent 37. P. biodgettii,

Spikelets 1.5 to 1.8 mm. long.

38. P. caespitosum.

Spikelets 2 mm. or more long.

Blades firm, folded at base, more or less involute-

margined. Plants in bard tufts.

15. P. lividum.

Blades relatively lax, flat.

Blades 1 to 2.5 cm. wide.

Spikelets elliptic, subacute.

33. P. costarlcense. 634 CONTRIBUTIONS FROM THE NATIONAL HERBARIUM

Spikelets elliptie-obovate.

Second glume shorter than the spikelet r

racemes usually fewer than 10.

29. P. botterii.

Second glume covering the fruit; racemes

10 to 30 30. P. afflne.

Blades not more than 1 cm. wide.

Foliage velvety-pubescent throughout.

31. P. tenellum.

Foliage not velvety-pubescent.

Rachis more than 1 mm. wide

15. P. livldum.

Rachis lews tbau 1 mm. wide.

Foliage glabrous 39. P. umbratile.

Foliage pubescent 32. P. tonduzii.

1. Paspalum stellatum Humb. & Bonpl. in Fltigge, Monogr. Pasp. 62. 1810.

Culms simple, 40 to 80 cm. tall, slender and wiry; blades involute-setaceous,

racemes solitary or paired, 2.5 to 10 cm. long, the second shorter, commonly

reduced to a rudiment; rnchis 5 to 7 mm. wide, abruptly mucronate, the papery

winged margins golden brown to purplish maroon; spikelets solitary, 3 mm.

long, almost hidden in long white hairs, the pedicels radiately pilose.

Honduras, Salvador, Costa Rica, Panama; savannas and rocky slopes, 500 to

1,000 meters altitude, southern Mexico and Hispaniola to Argentina. Type from.

Colombia.

2. Paspalum heterotrichon Trin. Gram. Icon. 3: pi. 285. 1831.

Culms slender, wiry, 50 to 90 cm. tall, finally branching and leaning or clamber-

ing, the nodes bearded; blades becoming involute, at least toward the tip, the

uppermost reduced to a setaceous point; racemes of the primary culm 2 to 7.

those of the branches usually solitary, 1 to 6 cm. long on short slender bearded

pedicels, 1 to 2 cm. distant along a subfiliform slightly flexuous axis; rachis

3 to 4 mm. wide, glabrous, the margins golden ochraceous; spikelets solitary,

whitish, 2.5 mm. long, fringed with copious white hairs.

Panama ; open grassy hillsides and savannas at moderate altitudes, Pan:)ma

to Peru and ] frazil, whence the tyj-e; also Haiti..

3. Paspalum trachycoleon Steud. Syn. PI. Glum. 1: 28. 1854.

Somewhat woody, chtmbering or trailing; culm* 1 to 2 meters tall, branching

from the middle and upper nodes, the branches elongate, leafy; nodes bearded;

foliage glaucous olivaci ous, the blades flat, 10 to IS cm. long, 8 to 15 cm. wide,

densely papillose-velvety on both surfaces and with long stiff hairs at the base:

racemes mostly 0 to 12, ascending, 3 to 6 cm. long, approximate; rachis

herbaceous, 4 to 5 mm. wide, olive-green or purplish, long-pilose at the base;

spikelets about 2.5 mm. long, silky, mostly in pairs, densely crowded.

Guatemala, Honduras, Salvador; open or brushy banks and slopes, 1,000 to

1,700 meters altitude, Guatemala to Brazil. Type from Venezuela.

4. Paspalum cymbiforme Fourn. Mex. PI. 2: 5. 1886.

Culms erect, 50 to 100 cm. tall, in small hard clumps; blades 7 to 15 em.

long, 3 to 7 mm. wide, obscurely puberulent on the upper surface, glabrous

beneath; racemes 2 or 3, ilex nous or falcate. 0 to 7 cm. long; rachis 2 to

2.5 mm. wide, the wings brownish, membranaeeous, a tuft of white hairs ar

base; spikelets in pairs, 3 mm. long, tawny or purplish, pilose and stiffly ciliate

with long unequal hairs.

Guatemala; rocky slopes in the uplands, Mexico, whence the type, and

Guatemala.

f HITCHCOCK—THE GRASSES OF CENTRAL AMERICA 635

9. Paspalum humboldtianum Fliigge, Monogr. Pasp. 67. 1810.

Culms erect or ascending from a woody decumbent base, 40 to 80 cm. tall,

usually branching from the middle nodes; blades flat, firm, spreading, 8 to

18 cm. long, 8 to 15 mm. wide (those of the branches reduced); racemes mostly

2 to 5, ascending or nodding, silky, 5 to 10 cm. long, 1 to 3 cm. distant; rachis

narrowly winged, 2 to 3 mm. wido; spikelets about 3 mm. long, fringed with

white hairs.

Guatemala, Honduras, El Salvador, Nicaragua, Costa Rica, Panama; stony

open or bushy slopes in the highlands, Mexico to Argentina. Type from

Ecuador.

6. Paspalum pectinatam Xees in Trin. Gram. Icon. 1: pi. lit. 1828.

Culms simple, 30 to 100 cm. tall, in coarse tufts, the base hard, smooth,

reddish; blades rather thick, 3 to 5 mm. wide, densely harshly villous; racemes

1 to 3, usually 2, closely approximate, 4 to 8 cm. long; spikelets solitary,

4.5 to 6 mm. long, flat, conspicuously ciliate with stiff hairs.

Honduras, Costa Rica, Panama; savannas and rocky open slopes up to 1,800

meters, Honduras to southern Brazil, whence the type,

7. Paspalum contractual Pilger, Bot. Jalirb. Engler 35: 709. 1898.

Culms erect, simple, 50 to 90 cm. tall; leaves aggregate on the lower half of the

culms; blades 2 to 4 mm, wide, conspicuously pilose on both surfaces; racemes

2 or 3, closely approximate, 3.5 to 7 cm. long; rachis 4.6 to 5 mm. wide, the mem-

branous wings golden brown; spikelets solitary, 5 to 5.5 mm. long, bearded at

the base, the margin stiffly ciliate.

Panama (Plcacho de 01&,) ; open slopes, 500 to 1,000 meters altitude, Panama

to northern Brazil. Type from Colombia.

8. Paspalum acuminatum Raddi, Agrost. Bras. 25. 1823.

Aquatic or subaquatic perennial, the flowering culms 30 to 100 cm. long;

blades flat, soft, 4 to 12 cm. long, 5 to 12 mm. wide; racemes 3 to 5, 3.5 to 7 cm.

long, rachis membranaceous, 3 to 3.5 mm. wide, the margins lnflexed over the

base of the spikelets, minutely hispidulous; spikelets solitary, 3.5 mm. long,

-elliptic glabrous.

Guatemala (without locality, Bernoulli A Cairo 938); shallow water or wet

open ground, southern Louisiana to Argentina. Type from Brazil.

9. Paspalum repens Bergius, Act. Helv. Phys. Math. 7: 129. pi. 7. 1762.

Paspalum, mucronatum Muhl. Cat. PI. 8.1813; Descr. Gram. 96. 1817,

Paspalum pyramidale Nees, Agrost. Bras. 77. 1829.

Aquatic, rarely terrestrial, perennial, with submerged culms, the sheaths of the

floating branches inflated, flask-shaped; blades flat, thin, 10 to 30 cm. long,

12 to 15 mm. wide; racemes numerous, 3 to 5 cm. long, tardily falling entire; rachis 1.5 mm. wide; spikelets solitary, whitish, 1.5 to 2 mm. long, elliptic.

Guatemala, El Salvador, Costa Rica, Panama; flouting in sluggish streams or

standing water or creeping in wet places, southern United States to Paraguay.

Type from Dutch Guiana.

10. Paspalum candidum (Humb. & Bonpl.) Kunth, M6m. Mus. Hist. Nat. 2:

68. 1815.

ReUnaria oandida, Humb & Bonpl.; Fliigge, Monogr. Pasp. 214, 1810.

Straggling or clambering branching annual; culms usually 1 m. long, smooth and shining; blades flat, thin, spreading, softly pubescent on both surfaces to glabrous; panicle 5 to 12 cm. long; racemes 8 to 20, ascending to spreading, falling entire, 2 to 4 cm. long; rachis membranaceous, 2 to 2.5 mm. wide, extending 2 to 3 mm. beyond the spikelets; spikelets solitary, about 2.5 mm. long, white, glabrous, both glumes wanting. 636 CONTRIBUTIONS FROM THE NATIONAL HERBARIUM

Guatemala, El Salvador, Costa Rica, Panama; moist shaded banks and

slopes up to 1,800 meters, southern Mexico to Chile. Type from Ecuador.

11. Faspalum scabrum Scribn. U. S. Dept. Agr. Div. Agrost. Bull. 4: 36.

pi. S. 1897.

Straggling or clambering annual, with long retrorsely scabrous branches;

blades flat, thin, spreading or reflexed, 5 to 10 cm. long, 1 to 2.5 cm. wide,

lanceolate-elliptic, papillose-pilose on both surfaces; panicles 10 to 20 cm. long;

racemes 20 to 50, spreading, 1.5 to 5 cm. long, falling entire; rachis mem- branaceous, thin, scabrous, about 2 mm. wide, the acuminate apex extending

2 to 3 mm. beyond the spikelets; spikelets solitary, white, about 1.8 mm. long,

oblong-elliptic, glabrous, both flumes wanting.

Guatemala; brushy slopes up to 2,800 meters, Guatemala, Colombia to

Ecuador. Type from Guatemala (Cliupadero, Dept. Santa Rosa).

12. Paspalum crassum Chases Cuntr. U. S. Nat. Herb. 17 : 239. 1913.

Large coarse annual; culms stout, erect, 40 to 200 cm. tall, simple or spar-

ingly branching from the lower nodes; sheaths coarsely papillose-hispid;

blades flat, 2.5 to 3 cm. wide, conspicuously papillose-hispid on both surfaces;

panicle 15 to 20 cm. 1 on%; racemes 4 to 10, arched, 5 to 15 cm. long; rachis

about 3 mm. wide; spikelets solitary, pale green, about 3 mm. long, oval, turgid,

blunt, glabrous.

El Salvador (Ahuachapun) ; open grassy ground, Mexico, whence the type,

El Salvador, Venezuela, Peru.

13. Paspalum vaginatum Swartz, Prodi*. Veg. Ind. Occ. 21. 1788.

Extensively creeping perennial with horizontal rhizomes, pale, glabrous as

a whole, stoloniferous, often forming extensive colonies, the flowering branches

ascending or erect, 8 to 60 cm. tall, the leaves often conspicuously distichous;

sheaths commonly overlapping, loose; racemes commonly 2, closely approxi- mate, at first appressed together, finally spreading or reflexed; spikelets mostly

3 to 4 mm. long, acute, glabrous.

Guatemala, El Salvador, Nicaragua, Costa Rica, Panama; seacoasts and brackish sands, often forming pure stands, southern United States to Argentina and Chile. Type from Jamaica.

14. Faspalum dlstichum L. Syst. Nat. ed. 10. 2: 855. 1759.

Resembling P. vaffinatum in habit, the nodes usually pubescent, the sheaths less loose than in that species, the spikelets averaging smaller, the first glume frequently developed, the second glume minutely appressed-pubescent.

Guatemala, Costa Itica; ditches and wet, rarely brackish places, southern

United States to Argentina and Chile. Type from Jamaica.

15. Faspalum lividum Trin. in Schlecht. Linnaea 26 : 383. 1854.

Glabrous perennial; culms solitary or few in a tuft, ascending from a creep- ing base, 0.5 to 1 meter tall; blades 3 to 6 mm. wide; racemes usually 4 to 7, distant about half their own length on a very slender flexuous axis, 1.5 to 5 em. long, thick and densely flowered; rachis 1,5 to 2 mm. wide, dark livid purple; spikelets in pairs. 2 to 2."» mm. long, obovate,

Guatemala; low ground, wet savannas and swamps, and along streams and ditches, southern United States to Uruguay. Type from Mexico.

16. Paspalum notatum Fliijrjre, Monogr. Pasp. 100. 1810-

Ascending perennial with short stout woody horizontal rhizomes; culun simple, 15 to 50 cm. tall; leaves crowded at the base, the blades 3 to 10 mm. wide, usually sparsely ciliate toward the base; racemes 2, subconjugate, recnrved-ascending, usually 4 to 7 cm. long; spikelets solitary, 2.5 to 3.5 mm. long, glabrous. HITCHCOCK—THE GRASSES OF CENTRAL AMERICA 637

Guatemala, Honduras, El Salvador, Nicaragua, Costa Rica, Panama; open ground, savannas and pastures up to 2,000 meters. Mexico to Argentina and

the West Indies. Type from St. Thomas.

17. Paspalum minus Fourn. Mex. PI. 2: 6. 1886.

Similar to P. notatum, commonly In denser mats, on the average smaller, the culms rarely more than 30 cm. tall, the racemes more slender, the spikelets 2 to 2.5 mm. long.

Guatemala, Nicaragua, Costa Rica, Panama; open slopes and savannas up to

1,500 meters, Mexico, whence the type, to Paraguay and in the West Indies.

18. Paspalum subciliatum Chase, Journ. Washington Acad. Sci. 17: 144.

/. 1. 1927.

Tufted perennial, leafy below; culms erect and crowded from a short hori-

zontal rhizome, the innovations short and subglobose, resembling bulblets at the base of the flowering culms; culms simple 15 to 45 cm. tall; blades 2 to 3 mm.

wide, long-pilose on the upper surface toward the base; racemes, 2, conjugate,

3 to 6 cm. long; rachis slender, flexuous, with a dense tuft of short white hairs at base; spikelets solitary, elliptic, subacute, 2.3 mm. long, ciliate along the edges.

Panama; open savannas; found also in Brazil. Type from Panama (Balboa).

19. Paspalum lineare Trin. Gram. Pan. 99. 1826.

Slender densely cespitose perennial; culms simple, stiffly erect, 40 to 80 cm. tall; blades folded, very narrow, elongate; racemes usually 2, erect or slightly spreading, approximate, 3 to 5 cm. long; spikelets solitary, 4 to 4.5 mm. long* elliptic, glabrous except for an obscure tuft of hairs on either side at base.

Costa Rica; savannas. Cuba to Argentina. Type from Brazil.

20. Paspalum ciliatifolium Michx. Fl. Bor. Amer. 1: 44. 1803.

Slender perennial in rather open tufts; culms erect to widely spreading, 85 to 90 cm. tall, glabrous; blades flat, mostly 10 to 20 cm. long, and 7 to 12 mm. wide, usually strongly ciliate; racemes 1 to 3, slender, arching, mostly 7 to 10 cm. long; spikelets in pairs, 2 mm. long, elliptic-obovate to suborbicular, glab- rous or minutely pubescent with obscurely capitate hairs.

Honduras (Tela); open ground or open woods, mostly in sandy soil, south- eastern United States and West Indies. Type from Carolina.

21. Paspalum propinquum Nash, Bull. N, Y. Bot. Gard. 1: 291. 1899.

Closely related to P. dlintifolium, the rhizome commonly more developed than in that species, the blades rather firmer and rarely more than 8 mm. wide; spikelets about 1.8 mm. long, elliptic-obovate, slightly pointed.

Honduras, El Salvador, Nicaragua, Costa Rica, Panama; sandy savannas and

sand barrens, Florida, whence the type, and the West Indies to Mexico and

Panama. #

02. Paspalum decumbens Swartz, Prodr. Veg. Ind. Occ. 22. 1788.

Paspalum pedunculatum Poir. in Lam. Encycl. Suppl. 4: 315. 1816.

Low freely branching perennial; culms spreading or creeping, rooting at the lower nodes, 10 to 70 cm. long; blades flat, spreading, velvety to sparsely pubescent on both surfaces, 5 to 10 cm. long, 6 to 12 mm. wide; peduncles

2 to 8 from the uppermost sheath, very slender; racemes solitary, 1 to 3.5 cm. long, arcuate; spikelets 1.7 mm. long, obovate, glabrous, the first glume developed.

Guatemala, Costa Rica, Panama; open or partly shaded slopes up to 1,600 meters, Guatemala and the West Indies to Brazil and Bolivia. Type from

Jamaica. 638 CONTRIBUTIONS FROM THE NATIONAL HERBARIUM

28. Paspalum nutans Lam. Tabl. Encycl. 1: 175. 1791.

Low branching perennial, spreading or creeping with ascending ends or, in

shade, suberect from a decumbent base; culms 25 to 50 cm. long; blades flat,

spreading, 5 to 15 cm. long, 5 to 15 mm. wide, usually finely pubescent on both

surfaces, sometimes glabrous; peduncles 1 to 4 from the terminal sheath

only, very slender, the primary one often with 2 to 4 racemes, the others with

one only; racemes 2 to 6 cm. long; spikelets about 2 mm. long, obovate-

elliptic, nearly glabrous, the first glume obsolete or occasionally developed oil

the secondary spikelet.

Honduras, El Salvador, Costa Rica, Panama; partly shaded slopes and banks

and mossy cliffs up to 1,000 meters. Central America and the West Indies to

Brazil. Type from tropical America, the exact locality unknown.

24. Paspalum peckii Hubb. Proc. Amer. Acad. 49: 495. 1913.

Densely tufted perennial; culms erect, 70 to 80 cm. tall; blades erect, flat,

linear, 5 to 8 mm. wide, sparsely puberulent on both surfaces; peduncles slender,

elongate, 1 or 2 from the upper sheath; racemes 2 or 3, subfalcate 6 to 12 cm.

long; spikelets 2.7 mm. long, elliptic-obovate, glabrous, the first glume often

present on the secondary spikelet.

British Honduras (Manatee Lagoon). Known only from the type collection.

25. Paspalum pilosum Lam. Tabl. Encycl. 1: 175. 1791.

Panioum vionostachyum H. B. K. Nov. Gen. & Sp, 1: 96. 1816.

Olivaceous tufted perennial; culms ascending or spreading, 40 to 115 cm,

tall; blades flat, 3 to 8 mm. wide, harshly pubescent on both surfaces; peduncles

slender, elongate, 1 to 4 from the upper and middle sheaths; racemes solitary,

arcuate, 5 to 15 cm. long; spikelets 2.6 to 3 mm. long, elliptic, glabrous, the

first glume usually well developed on the secondary spikelet.

Costa Rica, Panama; open or sparsely wooded slopes and brushy savannas,

mostly in rather moist soil, up to 1,500 meters, Costa Rica to Brazil and

Bolivia. Type from tropical America, the exact locality not known.

26. Paspalum adoperiens (Fourn.) Chase, Contr. U. S. Nat. Herb. 28: 102.

f. 55. 1929.

Dimorphostachys adoperiens Fourn. Mex, Pi. 2: 15. 1886.

Paspalum ffuatemalense Bartlett, Proc. Amer. Acad. 43: 49. 1907.

Tufted perennial; culms ascending, 35 to 100 cm. tall; blades flat, mostly

8 to 12 cm. long and 8 to 15 mm. wide, more or less harshly papillose-pilose on

both surfaces; racemes 2 to 4, or on axillary peduncles sometimes solitary, 3 to

7 cm. long; spikelets 2 to 2.5 mm. long, broadly obovate-elliptic to suborbicular,

mostly glabrous, pale or tawny, the first glume often present on the secondary spikelet.

Guatemala, El Salvador; moist, mostly sandy ground up to 1,500 meters,

Southern Mexico, whence the type, to Salvador.

27. Paspalum langei (Fourn.) Nash, N. Amer. Fl. 17: 179. 1912.

Dimorphostachys langei Fourn. Hex. PI. 2: 14. 1886.

A rather slender olivaceous perennial in tufts of few to several culms, 30 to 100 cm. tall; blades flat, rather thin, 10 to 40 cm. long, 6 to 15 mm. wide;

peduncles slender, 1 to 3 from the upper sheath; racemes 2 to 5, arcuate, 5 to 10 cm. long; spikelets about 2.5 mm. long, el 11 ptic-obovate, olive-green, turning brown, the first glume minute on the primary spikelet, well developed and acute on the secondary.

El Salvador, Nicaragua, Costa Rica; moist woods, shaded slopes and hanks, mostly at low altitudes, southern United States and the West Indies to

Venezuela. Type from Mexico. HITCHCOCK—THE GRASSES OF CENTRAL AMERICA 639

68. Paspalum variabile (Fourn.) Nash, N. Amer. FL 17: 180. 1912.

Dbnorphostachys variabUis Fourn. Mex. PL 2: 15. 1886.

Leafy perennial in tufts of few to several culms 70 to 100 cm, tall; blades

flat, 10 to 30 cm. long. 7 to 15 mm. wide; peduncles slender, 1 to 3 from the

upper sheath, the axillary mostly solitary; racemes 2 to 4 on the primary

peduncle, usually solitary on the axillary peduncles, 4 to 9 cm. long; spikelets

about 3 mm. long, elliptic-obovate, pubescent, the first glume well developed

on both spikelets of the pair.

Costa Rica (Guanacaste); open or brushy slopes, mostly in rich soil, at middle

altitudes, Mexico, whence the type, and Costa Rica.

29. Paspalum botterii (Fourn.) Chase, Journ. Washington Acad. Sci. 13: 436.

1923.

Dvmorph oat achy s botterii Fourn. Mex. Pi. 2: 14, 1886,

Leafy perennial in tufts of few to several culms 60 to 130 cm, tall; blades

flat, 14 to 40 cm. long, 1 to 2 cm. wide, glabrous to harshly pubescent; terminal

panicles of 4 to 15 arcuate spreading racemes, 6 to 14 cm. long; axillary

peduncles with 1 to 3 racemes; spikelets about 2.5 mm. long, elliptic-obovate,

pubescent, the first glume obsolete on the primary spikelet, usually developed

on the secondary one.

Guatemala; banks of streams and ditches, and on moist open or partly

wooded slopes at middle altitudes, Mexico, whence the type, and Guatemala.

30. Paspalum affine Steud. Syn. PI. Glum. 1: 24. 1854.

Olivaceous perennial; culms ascending from a geniculate base, 1 to 2 meters

tall; sheaths sparsely tuberculate-hispid; blades flat, 15 to 50 cm. long, 1.2 to 2.3

cm. wide, glabrous or nearly so; panicle nodding, of 10 to 30 ascending to

drooping racemes, the lower 7 to 10 cm, long, the upper gradually shorter;

spikelets crowded, 2 to 2.3 mm. long, obovate elliptic, purple blotched, the glume

silky-pubescent on tbe margin.

Guatemala (Puerto Barrios); swamps and rich moist open or brushy ground,

up to 1,300 meters altitude, Mexico, whence the type and Guatemala.

31. Paspalum tenellum Willd, Enum. PI, 89. 1809.

Softly pubescent perennial; culms 30 to 150 cm. tall; blades flat, 10 to 25 cm.

long, 0-8 to 2 cm. wide; panicle of usually 5 to 10 spreading or ascending rather

thick racemes, the lower 2 to 8 cm. long, the upper gradually shorter; spikelets

about 2 mm. long, obovate-elliptic, densely pubescent.

Guatemala, El Salvador; open, mostly moist ground, depressions in rocky

slopes, along ditches and roadsides, between 700 and 2,500 meters altitude,

Mexico to Brazil and Ecuador. Type a garden specimen, the original country

unknown.

32. Paspalum tonduzii Mez, Repert. Sp. Nov. Fedde 15: 72. 1917. ,

Slender coarsely papillose-pilose perennial about 1 meter tall; panicle 9 to

11 cm. long, of 8 racemes, the axis and rachises dark purple; spikelets, about

2 mm. long, obovate-elliptic, nearly glabrous, purplish.

Costa Rica; known only from the type collection, Santa Rosa del Copey,

1,800 meters.

83. Paspalum costaricense Mez, Repert. Sp. Nov. Fedde 15: 72. 1917.

Leafy perennial in dense clumps; culms ascending or erect from a spreading base, 25 to 85 cm, tall; blades flat, thin, 6 to 22 cm. long, 1 to 2.5 cm. wide;

racemes mostly 5 to 7, commonly arching, 2 to 6 cm. long; spikelets on slender pedicels, densely crowded, about 2 mm. long, elliptic, subacute, minutely pubescent. 640 CONTRIBUTIONS FROM THE NATIONAL HERBARIUM

Guatemala, El Salvador, Costa Rica; humid wood borders, thickets, or partly

shaded grassland, sometimes a weed in coffee plantations, at middle altitudes,

Central America. Type from Costa Rica (San Jos6).

34. Paspalum squamulatum Fourn. Mex. PI. 2: 11. 1886.

Straggling perennial; culms decumbent, often rooting at the lower nodes,

26 to 90 cm. long, branching below; blades flat, 5 to 15 cm. long, commonly

6 to 10 mm. wide, softly pubescent to nearly glabrous; racemes commonly

5 or 6, mostly spreading, 1,5 to 6 cm. long; spikelets densely crowded, about

1.8 mm. long, broadly elliptic, glabrous.

Guatemala, Nicaragua, Costa Rica; brushy slopes, pine woods and partly

shaded places in uplands, 500 to 1,700 meters altitude, Mexico, whence the type,

to Costa Rica.

35. Paspalum lentiginosum Presl. Rel. Haenk. 1: 218. 1330.

Nearly glabrous tufted perennial; culms 75 to 140 cm. tall, sparingly branch-

ing ; blades flat, 8 to 14 mm. wide; panicle commonly of 5 to 13 racemes 3 to 7

cm. long; spikelets loosely imbricate, about 1.8 mm. long, subhemispheric,

pubescent.

Guatemala; open mostly moist ground, at low and medium altitudes, western

Mexico (whence the type), and Guatemala.

36. Paspalum paniculatum L, Syst. Nat. ed. 10. 2: 855. 1759.

Coarse leafy perennial in tough clumps with densely hirsute innovations at

base; culms suberect or ascending, usually 50 to 100 cm. tall; blades flat, 1 to

2 cm. wide, hispid; panicle usually 8 to 20 cm. long, of several to many arched-

spreading somewhat fascicled racemes, the lower 5 to 10 cm. long; spikelets

densely crowded, about 1.3 mm. long, subhemispheric, pubescent.

Guatemala, Honduras, El Salvador, Nicaragua, Costa Rica, Panama; moist

open ground and brushy slopes, along ditches, and a weed in cultivated and

waste places, mostly at low altitudes but reaching 2,100 meters, Mexico and

the West Indies to Argentina, and many tropical regions of the Old World.

Type from Jamaica.

37. Paspalum blodgettii Chapm. Fl. South. U. S. 571. 1860.

Paspalum sitnpsoni Nash, Bull. Torrey Club 24: 39. 1897.

Cespitose perennial with a tough base, the innovations and culm bases com*

monly somewhat swollen, the scales densely pubescent; culms erect, slender.

40 to 100 cm. tall; lower leaves crowded; blades flat, 5 to 10 mm. wide, glabrous or nearly so; racemes mostly 3 to 8, slender, arcuate-spreading, 2 to

8 cm. long; spikelets crowded, about 1.3 mm. long, obovate, glandular-pubescent.

Honduras (Copfin) ; open or brushy calcareous soil, southern Florida and

the West Indies. Type from Key West, Fla.

38. Paspalum caespitosum Fliigge, Monogr. Pasp. 161. 1810.

Densely cespitose bluish green perennial; culms erect, slender, rather wiry,

the base hard and slightly enlarged, 30 to 60 cm. tall, simple; blades flat or more or less folded or involute, rather firm, 4 to 10 mm. wide; racemes mostly

3 to 5, relatively thick, 1.5 to 6 cm. long, ascending, remote; spikelets crowded,

1.5 to 1.8 mm. long, elliptic, pubescent.

Guatemala; mostly in partly shaded humus in limestone soil or rock, some- times in sandy plnelands, southern Florida and the West Indies. Type from

Hispaniola,

39. Paspalum umbratlle Chase, Contr. U, S. Nat. Herb. 28: 132. f. 76. 1929.

Slender perennial in small clumps with a knotted base, the young shoots densely villous; culms 30 to 55 cm. tall; blades flat, rather firm, 6 to 10 mm. wide, sparsely long-pilose at the base and sparsely appressed-pubescent through- HITCHCOCK—THE GRASSES OF CENTRAL AMERICA 641

out; racemes 2 to 3, slender, 1 to 1.5 cm. distant, 4 to 6.5 cm. long; spikelets

about 2 mm. long, elliptic, sparsely pubescent, the slender pedicels usually

nearly as long as the splkelets.

Honduras; known only from the type, collected on a wet shaded bank,

Siguatepeque.

40. Paspalum multicaule Poir, in Lam. Encycl. Suppl. 4: 309. 1816.

Slender annual in dense tufts; often forming mats; culms branching at the

lower nodes, spreading or ascending, 20 to 45 cm. tall; blades flat, 2 to 15 cm.

long, 1.5 to 2.5 mm. wide, papillose-pilose; racemes 2, paired, divergent, usually

2 to 4 cm. long, yellowish; splkelets solitary, about 1.3 mm. long, subhemi-

spherie, more or less beaded with subgiobular hairs.

Honduras, Costa Rica, Panama; moist eroded places in savannas and open

usually disturbed or washed ground, mostly at low altitudes, southern Mexico

and the West Indies to Brazil, whence the type, and Bolivia.

41. Paspalum pictum Ekman, Ark. for Bot. 10": 11, pi. 1. f. 6. 1911.

Paspalum maoulatum Nash, N. Amer. Fl. 17: 186. 1912.

Slender tufted annual; culms branching from the lower nodes, erect, 25 to 50 cm. tall; blades folded, about 1 mm. wide as folded, glabrous on the outer

surface, sparsely papillose-pilose within; racemes 1 to 4, usually 2, arcuate-

spreading, 1 to 5 cm. long, yellowish ; spikelets in pairs, crowded, 1 mm. long, cbovate pyriform, turgid, glabrous,

Costa Rica (Boruca); moist places in savannas, Costa Rica to Brazil and

Bolivia. Type from Brazil, the type of P. maculatum from Costa Rico.

42. Paspalum clavuliferum Wright, Anal. Acad. Cienc. Habana 8: 203. 1871.

Paspalum pittierii Hack.; Beal, Grasses N. Amer. 2 : 88. 1896.

Very slender tufted annual; culms branching at the lower and sometimes at

the middle nodes, 5 to 45 cm. tall; blades flat, 1.5 to 3 mm. wide, more or less

papillose-pilose; racemes solitary or paired, arcuate, 1 to 5 cm. long, the

peduncle filiform; spikelets in pair, about 1.3 mm, long, elliptic-obovate, more or less pubescent with capitellate hairs.

Costa Rica, Panama; moist spots in sandy savannas and barrens, eroded

places in open or brushy slopes, \v;iste and cultivated ground, mostly at low altitudes, southern Mexico and Cuba, whence the type, to Brazil.

43. Paspalum parviflorum RohdS; Fliigge, Monogr. Pasp. 98. 1810.

Slender densely tufted conspicuously pilose annual; culms branching from the

lower and middle nodes, ascending or spreading, y to 15 cm. tall; blades mostly

flat, 1 to 2 mm. wide; racemes 2 to 4, spreading or reflexed, 5 to 25 mm. long;

spikelets solitary, 0.8 mm. long, oblong-elliptic.

Panama; sandy savannas and sand barrens, Panama and Porto Rico, whence the type, to Brazil.

44. Paspalum standleyi Chase, Journ. Washington Acad. Sci. 17:146. /. S. 1927.

Slender tufted perennial, forming leafy mats; culms spreading or creeping,

20 to 25 cm. long; leaves aggregate at the base, the blades flat, 3 to 6 mm. wide,

more or less papillose-pilose; racemes 3 or 4, spreading 2.5 to 4 cm. long; spikelets solitary, 1.6 mm. long, narrowly ovate, glabrous.

Panama; known only from the type collection, marshy thicket, Juan Diaz.

45. Paspalum microstachyum Presl, Rel. liaenk. 1: 215. 1830.

Paspalum effwwtm Nees, Journ. Bot. Kew. Misc. 2; 104. 1860. Not P. effuswn

Rasp. 1825.

Slender branching annual; culms ascending or erect from a geniculate base,

20 to 135 cm. long, branching at thtt lower and middle nodes, often purplish; blades flat, rather thin, 6 to 20 mm. wide, glabrous to papillose-pilose; panicles " 642 CONTRIBUTION'S FROM THE NATIONAL HERBARIUM

terminal and axillary, subpyramidal, nodding; racemes 6 to 35, spreading or

arcuate, 3 to 8 cm. long; spikelets in pairs, not crowded, 1,5 mm. long, elliptic,

pubescent.

Guatemala, Honduras, El Salvador, Nicaragua, Costa Rica, Panama; road-

sides, waste places, and in cultivated ground, at low altitudes, Guatemala to

Ecuador and Brazil. Type locality unknown.

40. Paspalum orbiculatum Poir, in Lam. Encyel. 5 : 32. 1804.

Paspalum pusillum Vent.; Fliigge, Monogr. Pasp. 100. 1810.

Low creeping perennial, with long leafy stolons and ascending flowerm^

branches 5 to 20 cm. tall, often forming dense mats; blades flat, 1 to 6 cm. long.

2 to 7 mm. wide; racemes usually 3 or 4, 1 to 2 cm. long; spikelets solitary,

about 1 mm. long, depressed-hemispheric, mostly glabrous.

Guatemala, Honduras, El Salvador, Costa Rica, Panama; moist open ground,

along streams and ditches, in savannas and old fields, mostly at low altitudes,

southern Mexico and the West Indies to Paraguay. Type from Porto Rico.

47. Paspalum jimenezii Chase, Contr. U. H. Nat. Herb. 28: 159. f. 101. 1929.

Slender perennial in small tufts or loose mats; culms 10 to 30 cm. long;

blades flat, 2 to 9 cm. long, 2 to f> mm. wide, glabrous or nearly so; racemes

2 to 8, 1.5 to 4 cm. long; spikelets solitary about 1.5 mm. long, ovate-elliptic,

glabrous.

Costa Rica (Guanacaste) ; known only from the type collection.

48. Paspalum hitclicockii Chase, Contr. U. S. Nat. Herb. 28: 160. f. 102. 1929.

Glabrous creeping subaquatic perennial with ascending flowering branches

10 to 30 cm. tall, sometimes forming extensive colonies; blades fiat, 5 to 13 cm.

long, 4 to 9 mm. wide; racemes 2 or 3, relatively thick, 1.5 to 4 cm. long;

spikelets solitary, about 1.8 mm. long, depressed-hemispheric, glabrous.

Panama (Chepo); margins of lagoons and ponds, sit low altitudes. Panama

and Colombia, whence the type.

49. Paspalum conjugatum Bergius, Act. Helv. Phys. Math. 7: 129. pi. 8. 1762.

Extensively creeping perennial, with long leafy stolons and ascending flower-

ing branches 20 to 50 cm. tall; blades flat, rather thin, 5 to 15 mm. wide,

glabrous or sometimes pubescent; racemes 2, paired or nearly so, rarely a third

below, widely divaricate, often arcuate, slender, 8 to 12 cm. long; spikelets

solitary, 1,4 to 1.8 mm. long, flattened, ovate, pale yellow, glabrous except the

silky-eiliate margin.

Guatemala, Honduras, El Salvador, Nicaragua, Costa Rica, Panama; a

common weed in cultivated and waste ground, along ditches and roadsides,

throughout the Tropics from sea level to 1,500 meters; found also in the Tropics

of the Old World. Type from Dutch Guiana.

49a. Paspalum conjugatum pubescens Doell, in Mart. PI. Bras. S3: 55. 1877.

Differs in having pubescent blades, longer racemes, and larger spikelets

(about 2 mm. long).

Guatemala, El Salvador, Panama; with the species, Mexico to Brazil, whence

the type.

50. Paspalum dilatatum Poir, in Lam. Encycl. 5 : 35. 1804. Dallis grass.

Rather stout perennial; culms 40 to 175 cm. tall, single, curved or decumbent

at base; blades flat, elongate, 3 to 12 mm. wide; panicle erect or nodding, of

usually 3 to 5 ascending or drooping racemes, 6 to 8 cm. long; spikelets 2.8 to

3.8 mm. long, ovate, pointed, fringed with silky hairs.

Guatemala, El Salvador, Costa Rica; low ground; a native of South America,

now Introduced in southern United States, the West Indies, and Central

• America, also in various parts of the Old World, HITCHCOCK—THE GRASSES OF CENTRAL AMERICA 643

This species Is known as paspalum and paspalum grass, more rarely as

water-grass, and recently as Dallis grass. It has considerable value as a pas-

ture grass, giving excellent late summer and autumn feed. Type from Buenos

Aires.

-51. Paspalum urvillei 8tend. Syn. PI. Glum. 1: 24. 1854.

Pa&palum, larranagai Arech. Anal. Mus. Nac. Montevideo 1: 60, pi 2. 1894.

Paspalum vaseyanum Scribn. U. S. Dept. Agr. Div. Agrost. Bull. 17: 82 f.

328. 1809.

Stout erect perennial 75 to 250 cm. tall; blades flat, elongate, 3 to 15 mm.

•wide; panicle erect, 10 to 40 cm. long, of usually 12 to 18 racemes, the lower

7 to 14 cm. long, the upper gradually shorter; spikelets usually about 2.5 mm.

long, ovate, abruptly pointed, copiously fringed with long silky white hairs.

Guatemala (Puerto Barrios) ; open ground in moist places, a native of

South America, introduced in southern United States, Cuba, and Guatemala,

Original locality unknown, probably southern Brazil.

This species, known in the southern United States as Vasey grass, is readily

grazed while young and in some sections is cut for hay.

52. Paspalum fasciculatum Willd.; FlUgge, Monogr. Pasp. 69. 1810.

Large extensively creeping leafy stoloniferous perennial, the glabrous com-

pressed culms sometimes as much as 1 cm. thick and several meters long, the

bases rooting at the nodes and forming a tangled mass, the stolons in open

ground as much as 5 meters long, the erect flowering culms as much as 2 meters

tall; blades flat, 1.5 to 3 cm. wide; panicles mostly flabellate in outline, of usu-

ally 12 to 20 racemes 10 to 15 cm. long, aggregate on a rather short axis;

spikelets solitary, 4 to 4.5 mm. long, elliptic, more or less silky on the margin.

Guatemala, El Salvandor, Costa Rica, Panama; borders of streams, low

ground and swamps, at low altitudes, southern Mexico to Ecuador and Argen-

tina. Type from Brazil.

53. Paspalum virgatum L. Syst. Nat. ed. 10. 2: 855. 1759.

Robust leafy perennial in large dense erect clumps; culms simple, 1 to 2

meters tall; blades flat, elongate, 1 to 2.5 cm. wide, the margin scabrous;

panicle slightly nodding, usually 15 to 25 cm. long, of about 10 to 16 thick

ascending to drooping racemes, the lower 5 to 15 cm. long, the upper gradually

shorter; spikelets crowded, 2.5 to 3 mm. long, obovate, puberulent, the margin

toward the summit silky-pubescent.

Guatemala, El Salvador, Nicaragua, Costa Rica, Panama; open mostly moist

or swampy ground, southern Texas, through Mexico and the West Indies to

Brazil. Type from Jamaica.

54. Paspalum acutum Chase, Journ. Washington Acad. Sci. 17: 146. f. 4. 1927.

Robust perennial 1 to 2 meters tall; blades flat, folded at base, elongate, 14

to 18 mm. wide; racemes 6 to 10, heavy and thick, nodding, 8 to 12 cm. long on

an axis 5 to 15 cm. long; spikelets 3.5 to 4 mm. long, elliptic, abruptly acute,

silky-ciliate or nearly glabrous.

Panama (Canal Zone, whence the type) ; low open ground and along ditches.

Panama and Brazil.

55. Paspalum plenum Chase, Contr. U 8, Nat. Herb. 28: 202. f. 122. 1929.

Robust leafy perennial in large clumps; culms simple, erect, 1 to 2.5 meters

tall; blades elongate, flat, from a folded base, 1.5 to 2.5 cm. wide, sharply ser-

rate; panicle nodding, 18 to 40 cm. long; racemes usually 40 to 80, drooping,

the lower 12 to 15 cm. long, the upper gradually shorter, the rachis ciliate

with stiff hairs 5 to 8 mm. long; spikelets crowded, 2.5 to 3 mm. long, obovate-

el lip tic, sparsely pubescent. 044 CONTRIBUTIONS FROM THE NATIONAL HERBARIUM

Guatemala, Costa Rica; wet open or brushy ground or in shallow water, up

to 1,000 meters, southern Mexico, whence the type, to Colombia,

56. Paspalum arundinaceum Poir. in Lam. Encycl. Suppl. 4: 310. 1816.

Erect robust glabrous perennial in large clumps; culms simple, 1 to 2 meters

tall; blades erect and folded at base, V-shaped above, as much as 1 meter long,

5 to 10 mm. wide, the margin very sharply serrulate, panicle of usually 12 to

18 rather thick ascending racemes 8 to 20 cm. long; spikelets crowded, about

2.5 mm. long, obovate-elliptic, glabrous.

Guatemala (Puerto Barrios); marshes and low open ground. West I mile a

to French Guiana, whence the type.

57. Paspalum millegrana Schrad. in Schult. Mant S3: 175. 1824.

Robust erect or ascending perennial, glabrous as a whole, in large tough

clumps; culms simple, 1 to 2 meters tall; lower sheaths reticulate in drying;

blades firm, folded at base, flat above, elongate, 15 to 17 mm. wide, very sharply

serrulate on the margin; panicle 6 to 30 cm. long, of usually 12 to 25 rather

thick ascending or spreading approximate racemes 6 to 16 cm. long; spikelets

irregularly crowded, 2 to 2,4 mm. Jong, obovate-suborbicular, glabrous.

Honduras, El Salvador; moist savannas, along ditches and in low open

ground at low altitude*. Central America and tlit* West Indies to Brazil,

whence the type.

58. Paspalum densum Poir. in Lam. Encycl. 5: 32. 1804.

Erect robust perennial, glabrous as a whole, in large clumps; culms simple, 1

to 2 meters tall; lower sheaths spongy and succulent, reticulate in drying;

blades firm, folded at base. V-shaped in cross sect ion above, elongate, 1 to 2 cm.

wide; panicle 12 to 30 cm. long, elongate-pyramidal, of 50 to 100 or more ra-

cemes, the lower 5 to 9 cm. long and rather distant, the others successively

shorter and more crowded ; spikelets crowded, about 2 mm. long, suborbicular,.

glabrous.

Panama; marshes, wet savannas, ditches and low open ground or in shallow

water, at low altitudes, West Indies to Brazil. Type from Porto Rico.

59. Paspalum coryphaeum Trin. Gram. Pan. 114, 1826.

Slender to robust leafy perennial, commonly glaucous purplish, in tough

clumps of few to many culms from short hard rhizomes; culms 1 to 4 meters tall,

at first simple, erect or leaning, later freely branching; blades flat, 1 to - cm.

wide, densely puberu'ent to nearly glabrous: panicles 10 to 25 cm. long; racemes

10 to 45, drooping, the lower (j to 12 cm. long; spikelets 2 to 2.5 mm. long,

elliptic, glandular-pubescent.

Panama (Alhajuelu) ; savannas and campos, open or brushy slopes, river banks aiul wood borders, Panama and Trinidad to Brazil, whence the type.

60. Paspalum plicatulum Michx. PI. Bor. Amer. 1: 45. 1803.

Erect or ascending perennial, in tufts of few to several culms, with numerous leafy shoots at base; culms 50 to 100 cm. tall; sheaths keeled: blades mostly folded at the base, flat or folded above, elongate, 3 to 10 mm. wide; racemes usually 3 to 10, arcuate-spreading. 2 to 10 cm. long; spikelets usually about

2.5 mm. long, obovate oval. turning brown at maturity, glabrous or nppressed- pubescent, the sterile lemma with short transverse wrinkles just inside the slightly raised margin.

Guatemala, Honduras. El Salvador, Nicaragua, Costa Rica, Panama; open ground or wet wood borders, mostly in moist sandy or clay soil, southern

United States to Argentina. Type inmi Georgia or Florida.

61. Paspalum centrale Chase, Jo urn. Washington Acad. Sci. 17: 145. f. 2. 1027.

A r;itlit'i* low perennial, in small to dense umi spreading tufts; culms often branching at the lower nodes. 30 to 45 cm. long; blades flat, 10 to 20 cm. long, HITCHCOCK—THE GRASSES OF CENTRAL AMEBICA 645

5 to 7 mm. wide, pilose; racemes 2 to 6, spreading, often arcuate; spikelets

mostly solitary, 2 to 2.3 mm. long, elliptic-obovate, brownish, glabrous.

El Salvador, whence the type, Nicaragua, Costa Rica, Panama; along ditches

and in moist open ground near the coast, Central America,

62. Paspalum convexum Humb. & Bonpl. in Fliigge, Monogr. Pasp. 175. 1810.

Tufted leafy annual branching at the base; culms suberect to geniculate-

Ascending, sometimes widely spreading, the flowering branches 20 to 40 cm.

tall; blades flat, rather lax, 8 to 15 cm. long, 5 to 10 mm. wide, more or less

pilose; racemes usually 2 or 3, thick, 2 to 4 cm. long; spikelets crowded, 2.2 to

3 mm. obovate-suborbicular, a ppresseil-pubescent to glabrous.

Guatemala, Salvador, Nicaragua, Costa Rica, Panama; open ground, cul-

tivated and waste places, Mexico, whence the type, to Brazil.

63. Paspalum boscianum Fltigge, Monogr. Pasp. 170. 1810.

Rather succulent annual, branching at the base and commonly from the

middle nodes, usually brownish purple; culms usually 40 to 60 cm. long, as-

cending or widely spreading; blades flat, mostly 15 to 30 cm. long and 8 to

]0 mm. wide; racemes usually 4 to 11, 4 to 7 cm. long; spikelets crowded, about

2 mm. long, obovate, suborbicular, glabrous, brownish.

Guatemala, Panama; moist or wet open ground, along ditches and ponds,

sometimes a weed in cultivated flelils, southern United States to Porto Rico

and Brazil. Type from South Carolina.

64. Paspalum gardnerianum Nees, Journ. Bot. Kew Misc. 2: 103. 1850.

Slender stiffly erect perennial, mostly in small tufts with a hard slightly

enlarged densely woolly base; culms simple, 50 to 110 cm. tall; sheaths pubes-

cent ; hades flat or drying involute, 3 to 7 mm. wide; racemes usually 3 to 5,

erect to arched-spreading, the lower 2.5 to 8 cm. long; spikelets crowded, about

1.7 mm. long, both glumes wanting, the pedicels bearing several stiff golden

hairs longer than the spikelets.

Panama (Chorrera) ; savannas, campos, and open slopes, mostly on rather

moist sandy or stony ground up to 1,300 meters altitude. Panama to Argen-

tina. Type from Brazil.

65. Paspalum pulchellum Kunth, MAm. Mus. Hist. Nat. 2: 68. 1815

Slender erect perennial; culms simple, nearly naked above, 25 to 75 cm. tall;

lower sheaths short, much overlapping; blades flat, becoming involute; 1.5 to

4 mm. wide, more or less pilose; racemes usually 2, slender, 2 to 9 cm. long;

spikelets solitary, not crowded, 1.7 to 2 mm. long, glabrous, both glumes

wanting.

Guatemala (Ci'istina) ; sandy, mostly moist, savannas and plnelands at low

altitudes, West Indies to Brazil. Type from Venezuela.

66. Paspalum fimbriatum H. B. K. Nov. Gen. & Sp. 1: 93, pi. 28. 1816.

An erect or suberect annual, branching at base; culms 25 to 100 cm. tail;

blades flat, thin, 5 to 12 mm. wide, ciliate; racemes 3 to S, rather broad, 2.5

to 8 cm. long; spikelets about 2.3 mm. long, with a broad firm notched wing,

Panama (Canal Zone); savannas, open and waste ground, mostly in moist places, West Indies to northern South America. Type from Colombia.

67. Paspalum saccharoides Nees in Trin. Gram, Icon. 1: pL 107. 1827.

Robust branching perennial growing in tough clumps; culms 1 to 2 meters long, ascending to suberect, often decumbent or creeping at base, with erect branches; blades flat or involute in drying, 8 to 15 mm. wide; panicle sub- flabellate, feathery, composed of 30 to 50 slender silky drooping racemes 15 to

30 cm. long, on a relatively short axis; spikelets solitary, not crowded, 2.5 to 3 mm. long, lanceolate, acuminate, bearing a fringe of pale silky hairs 5 to 8 mm. long. 646 CONTRIBUTIONS FROM THE NATIONAL. HERBARIUM

Costa Rica, Panama; open, brushy or jungly slopes, mostly in moist spots,

up to 1,800 meters. Central America and the West Indies to Bolivia. Type

from St. Christopher.

77. PANICUM L. Sp. Pi. 55. 1753

Spikelets more or less compressed dorsiventrally, arranged in open or com-

pact panicles, rarely in racemes; glumes herbaceous, nerved, usually very un- equal, the first often minute, the second typically equaling the sterile lemma, the

latter of the same texture and simulating a third glume, bearing in its axil

a membranaceous or hyaline pale a and sometimes a staminute flower, the palea rarely wanting; fertile lemma chartaceous-indurate, typically obtuse, the nerves obsolete, the margins inrolled over an inclosed palea of the same texture.

Annuals or perennials of various habit. Species probably about 500, mostly confined to the warmer regions of both hemispheres.

Basal leaves usually distinctly different from those of the culm, forming a

winter rosette; culms at first simple, the spikelets of the primary panicle

not perfecting seed, later usually becoming much branched, the reduced

secondary panicles with cleistogauious, fruitful spikelets. Mostly rather

delicate plants, with short blades and open panicles, the spikelets mostly

ovoid or elliptic and usually not more than about 3 mm. long.

Foliage soft and lax, the flat blades prominently ciliate; plants branching

from the base, finally forming rosettes or cushions.

Spikelets pubescent 45. P. xalapense.

Spikelets glabrous 46. P. strigosum.

Foliage not soft and lax; plants branching from the culm nodes.

Spikelets attenuate at base, mostly prominently pustulose; blades narrow,

stiff, strongly nerved, tapering from base to apex; autumnal form often

bushy-branched.

Autumnal blades flat 47. P. angustifolium.

Autumnal blades involute.

Spikelets 3 to 3.5 mm, long, pointed 48, P. fusiforme.

Spikelets about 2.5 mm. long, not pointed or obscurely so.

49. F. arenicoloides.

Spikelets 2 mm. long, very obtuse 50. P. aciculare.

Spikelets not attenuate at base.

Sheaths villous or pubescent.

Sheaths and wiry culms minutely crisp puberulent 56. P. lancearium.

Sheaths evidently pubescent.

Spikelets 3 mm. long „ 59. P. albomaculatum.

Spikelets less than 3 mm. long.

Blades velvety-pubescent; vernal culms more than 75 cm, tall

from a creeping base 57, P. viscidellum.

Blades more or less villous; vernal culms less than 50 cm. tall.

Spikelets 2.3 mm. long; pubescence on blades spreading.

53. P. villosissimum.

Spikelets 2 mm. long; pubescence on blades not spreading.

52. P. olivaceum.

Sheaths glabrous.

Spikelets 1.5 mm. long 55. P. albomarginatum.

Spikelets more than 1.5 mm. long.

Spikelets nearly spherical, 1.7 mm. long 54. P. sphaerocarpon.

Spikelets elliptic, 2 mm. long 51, P. multirameum.

Spikelets 3 mm. long 58. P. jooril. HITCHCOCK—THE GRASSES OF CENTRAL AMERICA 647

Basal leaves similar to the culm leaves, not forming a winter rosette; splkelets

all fertile.

Plants annual.

Splkelets reticulate-veined at least near the apex; fruit transversely

rugulose.

Splkelets glabrous - 4. P. fasciculatum.

Splkelets pubescent 5. P. xaolle.

Splkelets not reticulate veined, fruit not transversely rugulose.

Blades ovate to elliptic; splkelets not more than 1.5 mm. long.

Splkelets pyriform, glabrous 30. P. pyrularium.

Splkelets elliptic, pubescent 34. P. trichoides.

Blades elongate; splkelets more than 1.5 mm. long.

First glume not more than one-fourth the length of the spikelet.

6. P. chloroticum.

First glume usually as much as half the length of the spikelet.

Panicle large, drooping 10. P. sonorum.

Panicle erect

Inflorescence elongate, composed of approximate implicate pani-

cles 11. P. cayennense.

Inflorescence of a single erect spreading panicle.

Splkelets 3 mm. long; culms mostly less than 50 cm. tall.

9. P. hirticaule.

Splkelets 2 mm. long; culms mostly more than 1 meter tall.

14. P. hirsutum.

Plants perennial.

Splkelets short-pediceled along one side of the panicle branches, forming

spikelike or 1-slded racemes.

Splkelets bearing on one side a pair of sessile glands, hispid.

Splkelets about 2 mm. long 29. P. pulchellum.

Splkelets about 3.5 mm. long 30. P. biglandulare.

Splkelets glandless, glabrous.

Blades lanceolate or ovate-lanceolate.

Blades not more than 5 cm. long— 27. P. stoloniferum.

Blades 5 to 11 cm. long 28. P. frondescens.

Blades linear, often elongate.

Fruit transversely rugose.

Nodes bearded 3. P. barbinode.

Nodes glabrous.

Splkelets 3 mm. long; base of culms creeping and rooting

2. P. paludlvagum.

Splkelets less than 2.5 mm. long; base of culms erect or de-

cumbent— 1. P. geminatum.

Fruit not rugose.

Culms 1 to 2 meters tall; panicle 20 to 40 cm. long

62. P. stagnatUe.

Culms and panicles shorter.

Splkelets nearly sessile, densely arranged along one side of the

pilose rachis.

Culms as much as 2 meters tall; panicles 25 to SO cm. long

24. P. milleflorum.

Culms not more than 1 meter tall; panicles 5 to 15 cm. long

23. P. pilosum.

61504—30 7 648 CONTRIBUTIONS FBOM THE NATIONAL HERBARIUM

Spikelets in part on short branchlets on the lower side of the

rachis.

Nodes pubescent 22. P. polygonatum.

Nodes glabrous.

Blades narrowed toward the base 26. P. laxnm.

Blades somewhat cordate at base 25. P. boliviense,

Spikelets in open or sometimes contracted or congested panicles but not in

1-sided racemes.

Fruit transversely rugose.

Culms not thickened at base 15. P. maximum.

Culms with corms at base 16. P. bulbosum.

Fruit not rugose.

First glume not more than one-fourth as long as the splkelet.

Spikelets ovoid, bluntish, 1.5 to 2 mm. long.

Spikelets 1.5 mm. long 31. P. virgultorum.

Spikelets 2 mm. long.

Fruit sparsely silky 32. P. schiffneri.

Fruit smooth 33. P. parviglume.

Spikelets lanceolate, acute or acuminate.

Spikelets 4 to 5 mm. long; culms succulent, as much ns 2 cm.

thick 8. P. elephantipes.

Spikelets less than 4 mm. long; culms not succulent.

Spikelets sparsely appressed-pilose; first glume obscure.

64. P. tuerckheimii.

Spikelets glabrous; first glume well developed.

Culms decumbent, rooting at the nodes; spikelets 8 to 3.5 mm.

long 7. P. aquaticum.

Culms erect from creeping rhizomes; spikelets 2.5 mm, long.

17, P. repens.

First glume more than one-fourth as long as the splkelet.

Blades narrowly elliptic, as much as 6 cm. wide in the middle.

63. P. grande.

Blades narrower.

Fruit crested at the apex; spikelets 5.5 to 6 mm. long.

65. P. zizanioides.

Fruit not crested.

Panicles narrow and few-flowered. Culms erect, wiry.

Spikelets 2 mm. long 20. P. stenodoides.

Spikelets 1,5 mm. long 21. P. stenodes.

Panicles many-flowered.

Panicles 40 to 60 cm. long, the numerous elongate branches

in verticils, 44. P. megiston.

Panicles mostly less than 40 cm. long, the branches not ver-

ticillate.

Primary panicles open, the secondary reduced, narrow,

partly inclosed In the sheaths.

Plants glabrous or the leaves sparsely pilose.

60. P. cordovense.

Plants veivety-pubescent 61. P. pantrichum.

Primary and secondary panicles alike, or the secondary

wanting.

First glume blunt or rounded, two-thirds the length of

the splkelet or more; spikelets obtuse. HITCHCOCK—THE GRASSES OP CENTRAL AMERICA 649

Panicles not more than 7 cm. long; plants somewhat

glaucous, relatively small.

Spikelets 2 mm. long 36. P. helobium.

Spikelets 1.5 mm. long.

Culms very slender, decumbent or creeping; blades

1 to 3 cm. long 37. P. parvifolium.

Culms firm, erect or decumbent at base ofcly;

blades 3 to 8 cm. long 38. P. cyanescens.

Panicles 10 to 20 cm. long, very diffuse; plants tall,

not glaucous.

Spikelets viscid, 3 mm. long 42. F. glutinosum.

Spikelets not viscid,, 2 mm. long 41. P. sellowii.

First glume acute or acuminate, usually less than two-

thirds as long as the pointed spikelets.

Spikelets more or less hirsute.

Culms slender, branching and straggling; spikelets not

turgid; glumes and sterile lemma hirsute along the

margins 40. P. haenkeanum,

Culms stout, erect or nearly so; spikelets turgid,

sparsely hirsute 43. P. rudgei.

Spikelets glabrous.

Spikelets 1.5 mm. long 35. P. trichanthum.

Spikelets 3 to 4 mm. long.

Sheaths hirsute.

Spikelets about 4 mm. long. 12. P. lepidulum.

Spikelets about 3 mm. long. 13. P. ghiesbreghtii.

Sheaths glabrous.

Culms in a tangled mass at base, 2 to 4 meters

tall, glaucous 19. P. altum.

Culms erect, usually less than 2 meters tall

18. P. ichnanthoides.

1. Panicum geminatum Forsk. Fl. Aegypt. Arab. 18. 1775.

Paspalum appressum Lam. Tabl. Encycl. 1: 176. 1791.

Panicum appressum Lam.; Doell in Mart. Fl. Bras. 2 134. 1877.

Paspalidium geminatum Stapf in Prain. Fl. Trop. Afr. 9: 583. 1920.

Perennial glabrous throughout; culms cespitose, 25 to 80 cm. tall, spreading from a decumbent base; blades 10 to 20 cm. long, 3 to 6 mm. wide, flat; panicle

12 to 30 cm. long, the racemes 12 to 18, erect, or nearly so, rather distant;

spikelets glabrous, a little more than 2 mm. long.

Guatemala, El Salvador, Nicaragua, Costa Rica, Panama; moist ground, ditches and swamps, mostly near the coast. Tropical regions of both hemi~ spheres. Type from Egypt

2. Panicum paludivagum Hitchc. & Chase, Contr. U. S. Nat. Herb. 15: 32.

f. IS. 1910.

Differs from P. geminatum in having a long creeping rooting base, papery and somewhat inflated sheaths, and larger spikelets (about 3 mm. long).

Guatemala; growing more or less submerged in fresh-water rivers and lakes of the interior up to 1,500 meters altitude. Southern United States and Mexico to Uruguay. Type from Florida.

3. Panicum barbinode Trin. M&n. Acad. St. PStersb. VI. Sci. Nat 1: 256. 1834.

PakX grass.

Perennial sending out widely creeping stolons; culms decumbent at base, rooting at the lower nodes, 2 to 6 meters long or even more, sometimes ascend- 650 CONTRIBUTIONS FROM THE NATIONAL HERBARIUM

ing Into bushes and trees; nodes densely villous; sheaths villous; blades 10

to 15 mm. wide; glabrous; panicle 12 to 20 cm. long, with several rather distant

racemes; splkelets 3 mm. long, glabrous.

Guatemala, Honduras, El Salvador, Nicaragua, Costa Rica, Panama; culti-

vated and waste ground especially in moist places. Tropical America and the

warmer parts of the Old World. Type from Bahia.

Commonly cultivated for forage and tending to spread along river banks

often to the exclusion of other vegetation. Parana grass.

This species has been erroneously referred to P. molle Swartz.

4. Panicum fasciculatum Swartz, Prodr. Veg. Ind. Occ. 22. 1788.

Panicum futtcum Swartz, Prodr. Veg. Ind. Occ. 23. 178$.

Annual, erect or spreading from a decumbent base, 30 to 100 cm. tall; sheaths

glabrous or papillose-hispid; blades flat, 6 to 20 mm. wide, glabrous or sparsely

hispid; panicle 10 to 20 cm. long, of several racemes 5 to 10 cm. long, solitary

or fascicled along the main axis; splkelets 2 to 2.5 mm. long, bronze to yellow

or brown, glabrous, pointed, reticulate-veined; first glume one-third as long as

the splkelet.

Guatemala, British Honduras, Honduras, El Salvador, Nicaragua, Costa

Rica, Panama; moist open ground, often a weed in fields and along roadsides.

Southern Florida and Texas to Argentina. Type from Jamaica.

5. Panicum molle Swartz, Prodr. Veg. Ind. Occ. 22. 1788.

Annual, resembling P. fasciculatum but more or less pubescent all over;

splkelets about 3.5 mm. long, pilose.

Guatemala, El Salvador, Nicaragua, Costa Rica, Panama; open ground, often

a weed in fields. Cuba, Jamaica, and Mexico to Argentina. Type from Cuba,

5a. Panicum didistichum Mez, Notizbl. Bot. Gart. Berlin 7: 63. 1917.

The type of this species (Levy 1124) from Grenada, Nicaragua, differs from

P. molle in the slightly smaller more densely pubescent splkelets, more closely

set on the rachis. It may be a peculiar, possibly diseased, form of P. molle.

8. Panicum chloroticum Nees; Trin. Gram. Pan. 236. 1826.

Glabrous annual, bluish green, prostrate or spreading; culms 30 to 80 cm. long; blades flat, abruptly pointed, 5 to 8 mm. wide, mostly not more than 10

cm. long; panicle about 10 cm. long and about as wide; splkelets glabrous,

lanceolate, about 2.5 mm. long; first glum% only about one-fourth the length

of the splkelet, truncate or broadly triangular.

Panama; open ground. Panama to Argentina. Type from Brazil.

7. Panicum aquaticum Poir. in Lam, Encycl. Suppl. 4: 281. 1816.

Glabrous perennial; culms decumbent rooting at the nodes, 30 to 60 cm. long,

blades 5 to 10 mm. wide, flat; panicle as In P. chloroticum; splkelets lanceolate, acuminate, 3 to 3.5 mm. long, the first glume one-fifth to one-fourth as long as splkelet.

Guatemala (Puerto Barrios) ; wet places or in shallow water, margins of streams and ponds, at low altitudes. Cuba, Porto Rico, whence the type, and

Mexico to Paraguay.

8. Panicum elephantipes Nees, Agrost. Bras. 165. 1829.

Perennial; culms ascending from a decumbent, often widely creeping base, rooting at the nodes, succulent, as much as 2 cm. thick, a meter or more tall; blades flat, as much as 20 mm. wide; panicles large and open, as much as 40 cm. long, the short branchlets appressed along the ascending branches; splk- elets 4 to 5 mm. long, lanceolate, acuminate, glabrous; first glume one-fifth to one-fourth the length of the splkelet, obtuse or acutish. HITCHCOCK—THE GRASSES OF CENTRAL AMERICA. 651

Guatemala; ponds and shallow water at low altitudes, sometimes In large

colonies. Central America and the Greater Antilles to Argentina. Type from

Brazil.

9, Panicum hirtic&ule Presl, Bel. Haenk. 1: 308. 1830.

Panicum jlabellatvm Fourn. Bull. Soc. Bot. France II. 27: 293. 1880.

Annual; culms erect, 15 to 70 cm. tall, glabrous or papillose-hispid, the nodes

and sheaths hispid; blades flat, mostly glabrous or nearly so, 4 to 13 mm. wide;

panicles 5 to 15 cm. long, open, usually reddish brown; spikelets about 3 mm,

long, acuminate, glabrous; first glume half to three-fourths the length of the

spikelet, acuminate.

El Salvador, Nicaragua, Costa Rica, Panama; rocky or sandy soil, at low

and medium altitudes. Southwestern United States to Bolivia; also in Haiti.

Type from Acapulco, Mexico.

10, Panicum sonorum Beal, Grasses N. Amer. 2: 130. 1896.

Annual; culms robust, erect or spreading, 60 to 100 cm. tall, the nodes

pubescent; blades as much as 40 cm. long and 3 cm. wide, cordate-clasping at

base; panicles large and more or less drooping, 20 to 30 cm. long, densely flow-

ered ; spikelets glabrous, lanceolate, about 3 mm. long.

El Salvador (San Salvador); native of the rich river valleys of northwestern

Mexico, there cultivated by the Indians, probably introduced in El Salvador.

Type from Sonora, Mexico.

11, Panicum cayennense Lam. Tabl. Encycl. 1: 173. 1791.

Annual; culms erect, often much branched at base, 20 to 50 cm. tall; sheaths

and blades pilose, the latter 4 to 10 mm. wide; panicles terminal and axillary,

open, 8 to 20 cm. long; spikelets a little more than 2 mm. long, obovoid, turgid,

strongly nerved; first glume acute, half as long as the spikelet.

Honduras, Costa Rica, Panama; open ground. Central America and the

Greater Antilles to Brazil. Type from Cayenne.

10. Panicum lepldulum Hitchc. & Chase, Contr. U. S. Nat. Herb. 15: 75.

f. 64- 1910.

Perennial; culms erect, 25 to 70 cm. tall; sheaths hispid; blades 5 to 10 mm.

wide; panicles open, 7 to 20 cm. long, half as wide; spikelets about 4 mm. long,

acuminate, glabrous; first glume half as long as spikelet, acute.

Guatemala (Guatemala City); Nicaragua (Omotepe Island); Panama

(Chepo); rocky hills and moist banks, Mexico, whence the type, to Panama.

13. Panicum ghiesbreghtii Fourn. Mex. PI. 2: 29. 1886.

Perennial; culms erect, hispid, 60 to 80 cm, tall, the nodes and sheaths hir-

sute; blades elongate, flat, hirsute, about 1 cm. wide; panicle open, oblong, 20

to 30 cm. long; spikelets 3 mm. wide, glabrous, acute; first glume half as long as spikelet.

El Salvador, Nicaragua, Costa Rica, Panama; low moist ground, open ground and pastures. Mexico, whence the type, and the West Indies, to Brazil and

Bolivia.

14. Panicum hirsutum Swartz, Fl. Ind. Occ. 1: 173. 1797.

Annual; culms robust, erect, as much as 1.5 meters tall and 1 cm. thick; sheaths hirsute with prickly fragile hairs; blades flat, mostly glabrous, 20 to

35 mm. wide; panicles open, densely flowered, 20 to 35 cm. long; spikelets about

2 mm. long, acute, glabrous; first glume half as long as spikelet.

Honduras, Costa Rica, Panama; open moist soil. Mexico and the West Indies to Brazil and Ecuador. Type from Jamaica. 652 CONTRIBUTIONS FROM THE NATIONAL HERBARIUM

15. Panicum maximum Jacq. Coll. Bot. 1: 76. 1786. Guinea grass.

Panicum jumcntorum Pers. Syn. PI. 1: 83. 1805.

Perennial: culms cespitose, erect, 1 to 2.5 meters tall, glabrous, the nodes

densely hirsute; sheaths hirsute or glabrous; blades flat, elongate, 1 to 3.5 rm wide, glabrous except the margin, or hirsute on the upper surface near the base; panicle open, 20 to 50 cm, long, the lower branches in whorls; spikelets oblong, glabrous, about 3 mm. long; first glume one-third as long as spikelet; fruit transversely rugose.

Guatemala, Honduras, El Salvador, Nicaragua, Costa Rica, Panama; open ground, pastures, brushy slopes on dry soil at low altitudes; cultivated as a pasture grass and escaped, now widely established. Tropics of both hemi- spheres, a native of Africa. Type from Guadeloupe.

Zacate de guinea, zacate del barco, zacate barquefio.

16. Panicum bulbosum H. B. K. Nov. Gen. & Sp. 1: $9. 1816.

Panicum avenaoeum H. B. K. Nov. Gen. & Sp. 1: 99. 1816.

Tufted perennial, 1 to 2 meters tall, the lowest inter node of the culms thick- ened into a hard cormlike base 1 to 2 cm. thick; blades elongate, as much as

12 mm. wide; panicles open, 20 to 50 cm. long; spikelets acutish, 3.5 to 4 mm. long.

Guatemala (La Aurora) ; moist places in rocky canyons and valleys.

Arizona to Guatemala, the type from Mexico.

17. Panicum repens L. Sp. Pl. ed. 2. 1: 87. 1762.

Perennial from extensively creeping rhizomes; culms erect, 30 to 80 cm. tall; blades 2 to 5 mm. wide; panicles open, 7 to 12 cm. long, the branches

stiffly ascending, naked at the base; spikelets about 2.5 mm. long, glabrous;

first glume one-fifth as long as spikelet, broad, truncate.

Nicaragua (without locality, Flint) ; sea beaches, extensively creeping, southern United States and Cuba to Brazil, and tropical regions of the Old

World. Type from Spain.

18. Panicum ichnantholdes Fourn. Mex. PI. 2: 30. 1886.

Panicum budhinfferi Fourn. Mex. PI. 2: 30. 1886.

Perennial in large clumps without creeping rhizomes, 1.5 to 2 meters tall;

blades glabrous, 8 to 15 mm. wide; panicle large and open, 20 to 40 cm. long; spikelets 3.5 to 4 mm. long, glabrous, acute; first glume more than half as long as the spikelet, acute.

British Honduras (Manatee Lagoon) ; Honduras (Santa Ana); Nicaragua

(JInotepe) ; open rocky hillsides, at low and medium altitudes. Mexico,

whence the type, to Nicaragua.

19. Panicum altum Hitchc. & Chase, Contr. U. S. Nat. Herb. 17 : 488. f. 57.

1015.

Perennial in tangled masses, the culms decumbent and straggling at base, stout, reedlike, as much as 2 to 4 meters tall and 6 mm. thick, smooth and glaucous; blades flat, 8 to 15 mm. wide; panicles open, spreading, 20 to 30 cm. long; spikelets 3.5 to 4 mm. long, glabrous, acute; first glume acute, two- thirds as long as spikelet.

British Honduras, Costa Rica, Panama; sandy marshes or flats near the coast. Trinidad, Tobago. Type from Point Chamg, Panama.

20. Panicum stenodoides Hubb. Proc. Amer. Acad. 48: 497. 1913.

Perennial; culms in dense tufts, erect, slender, wiry, 20 to 40 cm. tall: blades erect, flat at base, involute toward the apex, 3 to 8 cm. long, 1 to 2 mm. wide,

more or less papillose-pilose; panicles about 1 cm, long, narrow, bearing 3 to 7 spikelets about 2 mm. long; first glume half as long as the spikelet. HITCHCOCK—THE GRASSES OF CENTRAL AMERICA 653

British Honduras (Ycacos Lagoon, the type), Costa Rica, Panama; open

grassland and moist savannas, Trinidad.

21. Panicum stenodes Griseb. Fl. Brit. W. Ind. 547. 1804.

Perennial; culms in small tufts, slender and wiry, 25 to 50 cm. tall, erect or reclining; blades 1 to 4 cm. long, 1 to 2 mm, wide, involute; panicles 1 to 2 cm. long, 1 to 2 mm. wide; spikelets about 1.5 mm. long.

Guatemala, Costa Rica; borders of ponds and wet savannas at low altitudes.

Central America and the West Indies to Brazil. Type from Jamaica.

22. Panicum polygonatum Schrad. in Schult. Mant. 2: 256. 1824.

Panicum bernouUianum Mez, Bot. Jahrb. Engler 56: Beibl. 125: 3. 1921.

Perennial; culms branching, widely spreading or creeping, as much as 100 cm.

long, the nodes densely pubescent; blades 3 to 13 cm. long, 8 to 15 mm. wide, cordate; panicles 7 to 20 cm. long, the branchlets secund from the lower side

of the branches, the rachlses sparsely pilose with long weak hairs; spikelets

1.5 mm. long, pointed, glabrous.

Guatemala, Honduras, El Salvador, Costa Rica, Panama; swamps and moist soil along roadsides and in open woods. Mexico to Paraguay. Type from

Brazil.

23. Panicum pilosum Swartz, Prodr. Yeg. Ind. Occ. 22. 1788.

Panicum (tistichum Lam. Encycl. 4: 731. 1798.

Perennial; culms decumbent or creeping and rooting at the nodes, the branches and sometimes the main culms erect; nodes villous or sometimes glabrous; blades 4 to 20 cm. long, 7 to 15 mm. wide, broadest near the cordate or truncate base; panicles of 10 to 20 spikelike densely flowered racemes along an axis 5 to 15 cm. long, the racemes 1 to 3 cm. long, the rachis pilose; spike- lets 1.5 mm. long, glabrous,

Guatemala, British Honduras, Honduras, Nicaragua, Costa Rica, Panama; moist ground, ditches, and swamps. Mexico and the West Indies to Para- guay. Type from Jamaica.

24. Panicum milleflorum Hitchc. & Chase, Contr. U. S. Nat, Herb. IT: 491.

f. 10. 1915.

Differs from P. pilosum in its larger size, as much as 2 meters tall, in its longer blades, as much as 40 cm. long, in Its longer panicles, as much as 35 cm. long, and in its slightly smaller spikelets, 1.3 mm. long.

Panama; swamps near the coast; also Trinidad. Type from Frijoles, Canal

Zone.

25. Panicum boliviense Hack. Repert. Sp. Nov. Fedde 11: 19. 1912.

Panicum- schiedeanum Mez, Bot. Jahrb. Engler 56: Beibl. 125: 4. 1921.

Perennial; culms decumbent, branching, as much as 1.5 meters long; nodes glabrous; blades flat, gradually narrowed from a cordate-clasping base, 8 to 15 cm. long, 1 to 2 cm. wide; panicle 10 to 25 cm. long, open; spikelets 1.5 mm. long, glabrous.

Guatemala (Cob&n), Panama; ditches, banks of streams, moist open wood- land. Southern Mexico and Cuba to Paraguay. Type from Bolivia.

26. Panicum laxum Swartz, Prodr. Veg. Ind. Occ. 23. 1788.

More or less spreading, often rooting at the nodes of the decumbent base, culms 40 to 100 cm. long; blades condupllcate or flat, 5 to 15 mm. wide, nar- rowed to a rounded or subcordate base; panicles oblong, 5 to 30 cm. long, com- posed of many slender, raceme-like branches, the lower distant, spreading, the upper ascending; branchlets mostly secund on the lower side of the branches, bearing 2 or 3 acutish spikelets 1 to 1.5 mm. long. 654 CONTRIBUTIONS FROM THE NATIONAL HERBABIUM

Guatemala, British Honduras. Honduras, El Salvador, Nicaragua, Costa Rica,

Panama; ditches, banks, moist woods and wet savannas. Mexico and the West

Indies to Paraguay. Type from Jamaica.

27. Fanicum stoloniferum Polr. in Lam. Encycl. Suppl. 4: 274. 1816.

Perennial; plants creeping, branching, 10 to 60 cm. long; blades flat, 1 to 5 cm. long, 3 to 15 mm. wide; panicles 1 to 5 cm. long, with few to several ra- cemes 5 to 10 mm. long; spikelets about 2.5 mm. long, glabrous.

Guatemala (Puerto Barrios), Honduras, Panama; moist shady places. Cen-

tral America and the Lesser Antilles to Brazil. Type from Cayenne.

28. Fanicum frondescens Meyer, Prim. Fl. Esseq. 56. 1818.

Panioum stoloniferum major Kunth, R6v. Gram. 2: 389. 1831.

Panioum kcgelii Steud. Syn. PI. Glum. 1: 65. 1854.

Hymenacivne frondescens Fourn. Mex. PI. 2: 36. 1886.

Culms erect or ascending from a creeping base, 30 to 60 cm. tall; blades 5 to

11 cm. long, 12 to 20 mm. long, acuminate, glabrous; panicles 5 to 11 cm. long,

with numerous approximate racemes 10 to 25 cm. long; spikelets about 2.7 mm. long, glabrous.

Guatemala, Costa Rica, Panama; swamps and wet places at low altitudes.

Mexico to Brazil. Type from British Guiana.

29. Panioum pulchellum Raddi, Agrost. Bras. 42.1823.

Spmenaohne leptostachya Fourn. Mex. Pi. 2: 36. 1886.

Perennial; culms spreading or creeping, branching, the nodes pubescent;

blades thin, flat, 1.6 to 4 cm. long, 4 to 15 mm. wide; panicles oblong, 2 to 12

cm. long, the racemes 5 to 15 mm. long; spikelets about 2 mm. long, hispid,

bearing on the sterile lemma 2 sessile glands.

Guatemala, British Honduras, Nicaragua, Costa Rica, Panama; moist shady

places, southern Mexico and the Windward Islands to Brazil. Type from

Brazil.

30. Panlcum bigflandulare Scribn. & Smith, U. S. Dept. Agr. Dlv, Agrost. BulL

4:13. pi. 4■ 1897.

Perennial; culms branching and spreading; blades 4 to 10 cm. long, 10 to

18 mm. wide, lanceolate, pilose; panicles 5 to 12 cm. long, the few distant racemes 1 to 2 cm. long; spikelets about 3.5 mm. long, hispid, pointed, the

sterile lemma bearing 2 prominent sessile glands just above the middle; first

glume less than one-third the length of the splkelet.

Guatemala (Cob&n); among bushes, Also Mexico, the type from Chiapas.

31. Fanicum virgultorum Hack. Oesterr. Bot. Zeitschr. 51: 360. 1901.

Perennial; culms branching, creeping and straggling, the fertile ones as

much as 1 meter long; blades 5 to 10 cm. long, 5 to 10 mm. wide, narrowly

lanceolate, scabrous on the upper surface, smooth and glossy beneath; panicles

3 to 7 cm. long, the 2 to 4 branches ascending, compactly flowered except at

base; spikelets about 1.5 mm. long, oval; first glume less than one-fourth the length of the splkelet; fruit oval, smooth, and shining but with sparse long appressed hairs.

Guatemala, Honduras, El Salvador, Costa Rica, Panama; hedge rows, bushy banks, and cultivated fields. Also Mexico. Type from Alajuelita, Costa Rica.

32. Fanicum schiffn-eri Hack. Ergeb. Bot. Exped. Akad, Wiss. Stidbras. 11,1906.

Perennial, branching and rooting at the nodes; culms ascending 2 to 3 meters

long; sheaths papillose hispid; blades 10 to 15 cm. long, 12 to 25 mm. wide,

scabrous; panicles 10 to 15 cm. long, the few slender scabrous branches re- HITCHCOCK—THE GRASSES OF CENTRAL AMERICA 656

mote, the spikelets approximate along the upper part; spikelets glabrous, elliptic,

about 2 mm. long; first glume less than one-fourth the length of the spikelet;

fruit elliptic, 1.5 mm. long, sparsely silky.

Guatemala, El Salvador, Costa Rica, Panama; wet shady banks and slopes

Mexico, West Indies to Brazil, whence the type.

33. Panicum parrlglume Hack. Oesterr. Bot. Zeltschr. 51: 429. 1901.

Perennial; culms branching and straggling, the fertile ones as much as 1

meter long; blades lanceolate, 8 to 16 cm. long, 12 to 25 mm. wide, flat, sparsely

hlspidulous; panicles ovate, 15 to 25 cm. long, the branches 10 to 12 cm. long,

the lower fourth naked; spikelets elliptic, glabrous, 2 mm. long; first glume one-

fifth the length of the spikelet; fruit smooth.

Costa Rica (type from San JosA); banks and ditches. Also Mexico.

34. Panicum trichoides Swartz, Prodr. Teg. Ind. Occ. 24. 1788.

This species has been referred in some American floras to P. brevifolium

L. of India.

Annual; culms erect or branched and spreading, the ascending ones 20 to 40

cm. long; sheaths papillose-hirsute; blades ovate or ovate-lanceolate, thin

cordate, 2 to 6 cm. long, 1 to 2 cm. wide, glabrous or sparsely hirsute; panicles #

open and spreading, 5 to 20 cm. long, the branches and pedicels capillary;

spikelets about 1.3 mm. long, elliptic, sparsely hirsute; first glume about half

as long as the spikelet.

Guatemala, British Honduras, Honduras, El Salvador, Nicaragua, Costa

Rica, Panama; damp shady places, often a weed in fields and groves. Through-

out tropical America, the type from Jamaica.

35. Panicum trichanthum Nees, Agrost. Bras. 210. 1829.

Panicum microspermum Fourn.; Hemsley, Blol. Centr. Amer. Bot. 3 : 492.

1885.

Perennial; culms branching and straggling, the ascending fertile ones 1 to 2

meters long; blades oblong-lanceolate, 10 to 15 cm. long, 10 to 15 mm. wide,

cordate, rather strongly nerved; panicles 10 to 30 cm. long, open and spreading;

spikelets about 1.5 mm. long, elliptic, acute; first glume less than one-fifth the

length of the spikelet.

Guatemala, British Honduras, Honduras, El Salvador, Nicaragua, Costa

Rica, Panama; moist thickets and river banks. Mexico and the West Indies to

Paraguay. Type from Brazil.

36. Panicum helobium Mez; Ekman, Ark. for Bot. II4: 23. pi. 1, f, 6. 1912.

Perennial, glabrous; culms branching and straggling, slender; blades oblong-

lanceolate, 4 to 6 cm. long, 5 to 10 mm. wide, cordate-clasping; panicles 5 to

7 cm. long, open; spikelets glabrous, ovoid, 2 mm. long; first glume two-thirds as long as spikelet, acutish.

Costa Rica (Prov. San Jos6); swampy woods, 1,500 to 1,800 meters. Also

Brazil to Argentina, the type from Misiones.

37. Panicum parvifolium Lam. Tabl. Encycl. 1: 173. 1791.

Panicum oplistnenoides Nash, Bull. Torrey Club 30: 381. 1903.

Perennial, more or less glaucous; culms branching and creeping, rooting at the nodes, the ascending fertile ones 20 to 80 cm. long; blades 1 to 3 cm. long,

2 to 6 mm. wide, oblong-lanceolate, rounded or subcordate, spreading or reflexed, glabrous; panicles open, loosely few-flowered, 2 to 4 cm. long; spike- lets turgid, blunt, glabrous, 1.5 mm. long; first glume a little more than half the length of the spikelet. 656 CONTRIBUTIONS FROM THE NATIONAL HERBARIUM

Costa Rica (Buenos Aires); wet savannas and margins of ponds and streams.

Costa Rica and the West Indies to Paraguay. Type from tropical America, the

exact locality not known.

38. Panicum cyanescens Nees, Agrost. Bras. 220. 1829.

Perennial, bluish or glaucous; culms tufted, 30 to 50 cm. tall; blades flat,

rather firm, erect to spreading or reflexed, 3 to 8 cm. long, 4 to 5 mm. wide,

oblong-lanceolate, glabrous; panicles open, 3 to 6 cm. long; splkelets 1.5 mm.

long, turgid or subglobose, obtuse, glabrous; first glume obtuse, two-thirds as

long as spikelet

British Honduras; swamps and wet savannas. Also Trinidad to Brazil,

whence the type.

39. Panicum pyrularium Hitchc. & Chase, Contr. U. S. Nat. Herb. 17: 608.

f. 95. 1915.

Annual; culms delicate, 10 to 13 cm. tall; blades thin, flat, spreading, 1 to 3

cm. long, 2 to 7 mm. wide, glabrous or sparsely pilose; panicles open, 2 to 5

cm. long; spikelets 1.5 mm. long, turgid, pyriform, attenuate at base, glabrous;

first glume half as long as spikelet.

# Panama (Chiriquf, the type). Also Venezuela and Colombia.

40. Panicum h&enkeanum Fresl, Bel. Haenk. 1: 304. 1830.

Panicum costaricense Hack. Oesterr. Bot. Zeitschr. 51: 428. 1901.

Perennial; culms branching and straggling, the fertile ones as much as 1

meter tall; blades 5 to 10 cm. long, 6 to 12 mm. wide; panicles open, 10 to 15

cm. long, the branches and pedicels capillary; spikelets about 2.5 mm. long,

elliptic, acute, rather strongly nerved, rather sparingly hirsute; first glume

nearly half as long as the spikelet.

Honduras, Costa Rica, Panama; moist wooded or grassy banks and slopes.

Mexico, whence the type, to Venezuela.

41. Panicum sellowii Nees, Agrost. Bras. 153. 1829.

Panioum lasianthum, Trin. Gram. Icon. 3: pi, 245.1830.

Panicum puberulum Trin, M£m. Acad. St. P6tersb. VI, Sci. Nat. 1: 277. 1834.

Perennial; culms branching and straggling, as much as 1 meter long; blades

thin, ovate-lanceolate, 4 to 15 cm. long, 10 to 30 mm. wide, more or less pubes-

cent or velvety; panicles open, 10 to 20 cm. long, the branches ascending or

spreading, the spikelets somewhat appressed along the upper part; spikelets

about 2 mm. long, obovate, obtuse, papiilose-hispidulous; first glume about

two-thirds as long as the spikelet.

Guatemala, Honduras, El Salvador, Costa Rica, Panama; damp woods and

shady banks. Mexico and the West Indies to Paraguay. Type from Brazil.

42. Panicum glutinosum. Swartz, Prodr. Veg. Ind. Occ. 24. 1788.

Perennial; culms erect from a geniculate or creeping and rooting base, 1 to

2 meters tall; blades elongate lanceolate, acuminate, 15 to GO cm. long, 15 to

25 mm. wide; panicles open, 15 to 30 cm. long, the lower branches verticlllate,

stiffly ascending; spikelets 3 mm. long, turgid, obovoid, obtuse, glabrous but

viscid; first glume nearly as long as the* spikelet.

Guatemala, Costa Rica; mountain woods, 500 to 2,000 meters. Mexico and

the West Indies to Paraguay. Type from Jamaica.

43. Panicum rudgei Roem. & Schult. Syst. Veg. 2: 444. 1817.

Panicum scoparium- Rudge, PI. Guian. 1: 21. pi. 29. 1805. Not P. scoparium

Lam. 1798.

Perennial; culms robust, 30 to 100 cm. tall, erect or somewhat geniculate;

sheaths hirsute; blades thick, linear, 15 to 40 cm. long, 5 to 10 mm. wide, rather

rigidly ascending, flat or folded, usually densely hirsute; panicles terminal and i

HITCHCOCK—THE GRASSES OF CENTRAL AMERICA 657 I

lateral, forming an oblong inflorescence, open, the branches stiff, the pedicels

divaricate; spikelets 3.5 mm. long, turgid, strongly nerved, sparsely hirsute;

glumes and sterile lemma acuminate or abruptly pointed.

British Honduras, Costa Rica, Panama; savannas, at low and medium alti-

tudes. Central America and Jamaica to Brazil. Type from British Guiana.

44. Panicum megiston Schult. Mant. 2: 248. 1824.

Panicum altissitnum Meyer, Prim. Fl. Esscq. 63. 1818. Not P. altiasimum

DC. 1817.

Perennial; culms robust, 1 to 2 meters tall; sheaths papillose-hispid; blades

elongate, 1.5 to 3 cm. wide, glabrous; panicles 40 to 60 cm. long, the stiff main

axis striate-angled, the branches in distant verticils, as many as 20 to 30 In a

verticil; spikelets about 3.5 mm. long, globular-obovoid, glabrous; first glume

less than one-third the length of the spikelet.

Costa Rica, Panama; swamps. Mexico, Cuba, and Trinidad to Paraguay.

Type from British Guiana.

45. Panicum xalapense H, B. K. Nov. Gen. & Sp. 1: 103. 1816.

Panicum ruprechtii Fourn. Mex. PI. 2: 21. 1886.

Vernal phase with slender culms 20 to 60 cm. tall, the nodes bearded with

reflexed hairs; sheaths retrorsely pilose; blades 7 to 12 mm. wide, pilose on

both surfaces; panicles 8 to 12 cm. long, open, few-flowered, the branches flexu-

ous; spikelets 2 mm. long, obovate, obtuse, pilose. Autumnal phase branching at

the base, forming soft prostrate tufts or rosettes.

Guatemala, Honduras, Nicaragua, Costa Rica; moist banks and open woods

at low and medium altitudes. Eastern and southern United States and Mexico,

whence the type, to Costa Rica; also Santo Domingo.

46. Panicum strigosum Muhl. in Ell. Bot. S. C. & Ga. 1; 126. 1816.

Vernal phase with culms 5 to 30 cm. tall, the nodes pubescent; blades 3 to 6

cm. long, 3 to 8 mm. wide, dilate and pilose; panicles 3 to 5 cm. long, open, the

branches pilose; spikelets about 1.5 mm. long, glabrous. Autumnal phase a dense

mat as in P. xalapense.

Guatemala, Costa Rica, Panama; sandy woods and open moist ground, at low

and medium altitudes. Southeastern United States, Mexico, and the Greater

Antilles to Colombia. Type from South Carolina.

47. Panicum angustifolium Ell. Bot. S. C. & Ga. 1: 129. 1816.

Vernal phase erect, 30 to 50 cm. tall, the nodes glabrous, the lowest inter-

nodes crisp-pubescent; sheaths glabrous or the lower pubescent; blades 8 to

12 cm. long, 4 to 8 mm. wide, stiffly ascending, flat, long-acuminate; panicle

open, few-flowered, 4 to 10 cm. long, the lower branches often reflexed; spikelets

about 2.5 mm long. Autumnal phase stiffly ascending or somewhat topheavy-

reclining, the blades flat, rather thin and papery.

Nicaragua (San Rafael del Norte, 1,300 meters); sandy pine woods. South-

eastern United States and Central America. Type from South Carolina.

48. Panicum fusiforme Hitchc. Contr. U. S. Nat. Herb. 12 : 222. 1909.

Vernal phase similar to that of P. angugtifolium.; spikelets about 3.5 mm.

long. Autumnal phase similar but the blades soon involute.

British Honduras (Manatee Lagoon); sandy pine woods and open moist

ground at low and medium altitudes. Southeastern United States, Central

America, Cuba, whence the type, and Jamaica.

46. Panicum arenicoloides Ashe, Journ. Elisha Mitchell Soc. 16: 89.1900.

Vernal phase similar to that of P. angustifolium; spikelets about 2.5 mm.

long. Autumnal phase similar but the blades becoming involute.

Guatemala, Honduras; sandy pine woods. Southeastern United States, Cen-

tral America, and Cuba. Type from North Carolina. 658 CONTRIBUTIONS FROM THE NATIONAL HERBARIUM

50. Panicum aciculare Desv.; Poir. in Lam. Encyel. Suppl. 4: 274. 1810.

Vernal phase similar to that of P. anffustifolium but lower and more slender;

spikelets about 2 mm. long, very obtuse. Autumnal phase bushy-branched, the blades involute.

Honduras (Dept. CopfLn, Dept. Comayagua); pine forest. Southeastern

United States, Central America, and the West Indies. Type locality unknown.

51. Panicum multirameum Scribn. U. S. Dept. Agr. Div. Agrost. Circ. 19: 2.

1000.

Vernal phase with erect or soon decumbent culms 30 to 60 cm. tall; nodes villous; ligule less than 1 mm. long; blades 3 to 0 cm. long, 3 to 0 mm. wide, glabrous; panicle ovoid, 3 to 6 cm. long; spikelets 2 mm. long, elliptic, finely

pubescent. Autumnal phase decumbent and flabellately branching, the blades

reduced, flat or somewhat rolled.

Guatemala (CoMn); banks and dry open ground at low and medium alti-

tudes. Mexico, whence the type, and Jamaica to Venezuela.

52. Panicum olivaceum Hitclie, & Chase, Contr. U. S. Nat. Herb. 15 : 225.

/. 234- 1910.

Vernal phase olive green; culms erect or decumbent at base, 20 to 40 cm.

tall, pubescent; nodes bearded; sheaths pubescent; ligule 3 to 4 mm. long;

blades 4 to 7 cm. long, 5 to 8 mm. wide, puberulent or villous; panicles 3 to 7

cm. long; spikelets about 2 mm. long, pubescent. Autumnal phase freely branch-

ing, decumbent spreading, the reduced blades flat, usually conspicuously ciliate.

Guatemala, Honduras, Costa Rica, Panama; clay slopes and open ground

at low and medium altitudes. Mexico to Venezuela and Colombia, Type from

CobUn, Guatemala.

53. Panicum villosissimum Nash, Bull. Torrey Club 23: 149. 1890.

Vernal phase light olive green; culms densely tufted, 25 to 45 cm. tall, these

and the sheaths pilose with spreading hairs; ligule 4 to 5 mm. long; blades

0 to 10 cm. long, 5 to 10 mm. wide, long-pilose on both surfaces; panicles 4 to 8

cm. long; spikelets elliptic, pubescent, about 2.3 mm. long. Autumnal phase,

decumbent or prostrate, with fascicled leaves and branchlets.

Guatemala (Guatemala City) ; dry open woods. Eastern United States, the

type from Georgia and Central America.

54. Panicum sphaerocarpon Ell. Bot. S. C. & Ga. 1: 125. 1810.

Panicum vicaHum Fourn, Mex. PI. 2: 20. 1886.

Vernal phase light green; culms radiate-spreading, 20 to 50 cm. long, the

nodes pubescent; sheaths glabrous; ligule obsolete; blades firm, 0 to 10 cm.

long, 7 to 14 mm. wide, subcordate, rough on upper surface, smooth beneath,

dilate toward base; panicles 5 to 10 cm. long, the axis with viscid spots; spike-

lets nearly spherical, about 1.7 mm. long, puberulent. Autumnal phase pros-

trate-spreading, rather sparingly branching.

Guatemala, British Honduras, Honduras, Nicaragua, Costa Rica, Panama;

sandy soil and gravelly banks at low and medium altitudes. Eastern United

States and Mexico to Venezuela. Type from Georgia.

55. Panicum albomarginatum Nash, Bull. Torrey Club 24: 40. 1897.

Vernal phase gray-green, glabrous or nearly so; culms erect, slender, 15 to

40 cm. tall; leaves mostly crowded at the base of the culm; ligule less than 1

mm. long; blades firm, 4 to 0 cm. long, 4 to 0 mm. wide, glabrous, the white

cartilaginous margin rather prominent especially when dry; panicles 3 to 0

cm. long; spikelets 1.5 mm. long, pubescent. Autumnal phase finally a bushy

tuft, with reduced branchlets, blades, and panicles. I I h I

i

HITCHCOCK—THE GRASSES OF CENTRAL AMERICA 659

Guatemala, Nicaragua; moist sandy woods, at low and medium altitudes.

Southeastern United States, Central America, and Cuba. Type from Florida.

56. Panicum lancearium Trio. Gram. Fan. 223. 1826.

Vernal phase usually purplish; culms wiry, 20 to 50 cm. tall, minutely crisp-

puberulent; blades 2 to 6 cm. long, 3 to 7 mm. wide, usually glabrous on the

upper surface and puberulent beneath; panicles 3 to 6 on. long; spikelets 2

mm. long, glabrous or puberulent. Autumnal phase geniculate-spreading, with

fascicles of short branches.

British Honduras (Sibune River); sandy pine woods, at low altitudes.

Southeastern United States, Central America, Cuba, and Dominican Republic.

Type from North America, the exact locality not known.

57. Panicum viscidellum Scribn. U. S. Dept. Agr. Div. Agrost. Circ. 19: 2.

1900.

Vernal phase with culms ascending from a spreading or creeping base,

villous; nodes bearded; sheaths villous; ligule 2 to 4 mm. long; blades velvety-

pubescent, 5 to 13 cm. long, 9 to 13 mm. wide, subcordate; panicles 4 to 11 cm.

long, rather densely flowered; spikelets about 2 mm. long sparsely pubescent.

Guatemala, Honduras, Nicaragua, Costa Rica, Panama; open woods and

slopes, at low and medium altitudes. Mexico (the type from Jalapa), and

Cuba to Colombia.

58. Pauicum joorii Vasey, U. S. Dept. Agr, Div. Bot. Bull. 8: 31. 1889.

Vernal culms spreading or ascending from a decumbent base, glabrous, 20

to 50 cm. long; blades mostly 10 to 15 cm. long and 10 to 15 mm. wide, often

somewhat falcate, glabrous; panicle 5 to 8 cm. long; spikelets about 3 mm.

long, elliptic, pubescent. Autumnal phase widely spreading, branching, the

ultimate branches in short dense fascicles.

Nicaragua (San Rafael del Norte) ; pine woods, southern United States to

Nicaragua, the type from Louisiana.

59. Panicum albomaculatum Scribn. U. S. Dept. Agr. Div. Agrost. Circ. 10:

2. 1900.

Vernal phase 50 to 100 cm. tall from a knotty crown; sheaths puberulent,

mottled with white spots; ligule less than 1 mm. long; blades 8 to 17 cm.

long, 9 to 15 mm. wide, rounded and dilate at base, glabrous or nearly so;

panicles 10 to 16 cm. long; spikelets nearly 3 mm. long, elliptic, sparsely pubes-

cent. Autumnal phase sparingly branching, the branches elongate, straggling.

Guatemala (Antigua) ; shady banks and wooded slopes at medium altitudes.

Also Mexico, the type from Pfttsscuaro.

80. Panicum cordovense Fourn. Hex. PI. 2: 26. 1886.

Panicum expansum Fourn. Mex. PI. 2: 26. 1886.

Ichnanthus apiculatua Scribn, U. S. Dept. Agr. Div. Agrost. Circ. 30: 1.

1901,

Panicum mis»ionum Ekman, Ark. for Bot. 114: 19. pi. 3. /. 1.1912.

Perennial; culms branching, tangled and straggling, widely creeping at base,

as much as 2 ni. long; sheaths papillose-pilose; blades thin, flat, 5 to 10 cm.

long, 5 to 10 mm. wide, narrowly lanceolate, scabrous; panicles of two kinds,

the primary loose and open, 10 to 15 cm. long, the secondary terminal on the

branches, reduced, narrow, few-flowered, partially inclosed in the sheath;

spikelets 3 to 3.5 mm. long, those of primary panicles usually glabrous, those

of the secondary panicles usually pustulose-villous; first glume about two-

thirds as long as the spikelet.

Costa Rica, Panama; shady banks and in deep woods, at medium altitudes.

Mexico to Brazil and Bolivia. Type from Cordoba, Mexico. 660 CONTRIBUTIONS PROM THE NATIONAL HERBARIUM

61. Fanicum pantrichum Hack. Verh. Zool. Bot. Ges. Wien 1915: 72. March,

1915.

Panicum chiriquiense Hltchc. & Chase, Contr, U. S. Nat. Herb. 17 : 527. /.

188. July, 1915.

Panicum protractum Mez, Notizbl. Bot. Gart, Berlin 7: 77. 1917.

Perennial, softly papillose-pilose throughout; culms branching and straggling, rooting at the lower nodes; blades 4 to 7 cm. long, 7 to 10 mm. wide; panicles open, 2.5 to 3.5 cm. long, or the primary one as much as 10 cm. long; spikelets about 2.7 mm. long, elliptic, pubescent or in primary panicles, the back of the sterile lemma or the whole spikelet glabrous; first glume three-fourths as long as the spikelet.

Panama (El Boquete, Chlriqul, 1,300 meters); shady places at medium alti- tudes. Panama to Brazil, whence the type, and Bolivia.

62. Fanicum stagnatile Hitchc. & Chase, Contr, U. S. Nat. Herb, 17: 528.

f. 141. 1915.

Perennial; culms erect from a decumbent rooting base, 1 to 2 meters tall, about 5 mm. thick, glabrous, or the lower nodes appressed-pubescent; sheaths glabrous; blades flat, elongate, 1.5 to 3 cm. wide, glabrous; panicles 20 to 40 cm. long, about half as wide, the branches ascending bearing on the lower side the secondary branchleta; spikelets glabrous, acute, 1.8 mm. long; first glume acute, one-third as long as the spikelet.

Guatemala, Honduras, Panama; swamps, growing in the water, near the coast, gregarious. Mexico and Central America, Type from Frijoles, Canal

Zone.

63. Fanicum g-rande Hitchc. & Chase, Contr. U. S. Nat. Herb. 17: 529. f. 14$.

1915.

Panicum myrianthum Mcz, Bot. Jahrb. Etigler 56: Beibl, 125: 3. 1921.

Perennial, gregarious, producing extensively creeping or floating leafy stolons about 5 mm. thick; culms 1.5 to 2 meters tall, the nodes densely hirsute; blades flat, as much as 1 meter long and 6 cm. wide, narrowed toward base and apex, glabrous, somewhat plicate; panicles as much as 60 cm, long and 40 cm. wide, open; spikelets 2.5 mm. long, pointed, glabrous.

Honduras, Nicaragua, Panama; lakes, ponds, and swamps, near the coast, growing in the water. Central America to Brazil. Type from Gattin Lake,

Canal Zone.

64. Fanicum tuerckheimii Hack. Allg. Bot. Zeitschr. 12: 60. 1906.

Perennial; culms erect, 30 to 50 cm. tall; blades flat, 10 to 25 cm. long, 2 to

2.5 cm. wide, tapering at each end; panicles 15 to 20 cm. long, open; spikelets brown, 2.5 to 3 mm. long, acuminate, sparsely appressed pilose; first glume minute, hyaline; second glume and sterile lemma equal, thin.

Guatemala (Cubllqultz, Tuerckheim 820, the type and only collection known) ; forest, 360 meters altitude.

65. Panicum zizanioides H. B. K. Nov. Gen. & Sp, 1: 100. 1816.

Panicum oryzoides Swartz, Prodr. Veg. Ind. Occ. 23. 1788. Not P. oryzoides

Ard. 1764,

Acroceras oryzoides Stapf in Prain, Fl. Trop. Afr. 9: 022. 1920.

Perennial; culms decumbent and rooting at base, 50 to 100 cm. tall, glabrous; sheaths glabrous except margins; blades flat, 4 to 15 cm. long, 1 to 3 cm. wide, cordate-clasping, glabrous or rarely pubescent; panicles 10 to 25 cm. long, with a few ascending stiff branches 3 to 10 cm. long, bearing appressed branchlets; spikelets 5.5 to 6 mm. long, glabrous, abruptly short-pointed; first glume two- thirds as long as the spikelet. HITCHCOCK—THE GRASSES OF CENTRAL AMERICA 661

Guatemala, Nicaragua, Costa Rica, Panama; moist usually shaded places, at low altitudes. Mexico and the Greater Antilles to Paraguay. Type from

Colombia.

78. ICHNANTHTTS Beauv. Ess. Agrost. 56. 1812

Inflorescence and spikelets as in Panicum, the first glume often nearly as long as the spikelets, the fruit acute or subacute, the margins of the lemma usually

flat, the rachilla produced below the lemma into a minute stipe, this bearing on either side membranaceous appendages adnate to the base of the lemma and free above, the appendages often wanting and indicated by minute excavations only. In the Central American species tbe appendages are reduced to scars except in I. standleyi. Species about 35, tropical America; two species in the

Tropics of the Old World.

Appendages evident, about 0.5 mm. long; some of the blades with petioles as

much as 15 mm. long 5. L standleyi

Appendages wanting; blades not petioled.

Peduncles long and slender; blades thin, usually less than 5 cm. long and

1 cm. wide 4. I. tennis.

Peduncles not long and slender; blades thicker and larger.

Blades oval to ovate-lanceolate, firm, often scabrous on upper surface, often

pubescent beneath 2. I. axillaris.

Blades ovate-lanceolate to elliptic-lanceolate, usually sparsely hispid on up-

per surface 3. I. nemorosua.

Blades lanceolate, mostly glabrous or nearly so 1. I. pallens,

1. Ichnanthus pallens (Swartz) Munro; Benth. Fl. Hongk. 414. 1861.

Panicum pallens Swartz, Prodr. Veg. Ind. Occ. 23. 1788.

Culms much branched, spreading, creeping at the base, rooting at the nodes,

the fertile culms ascending, 30 to 80 cm. long, puberulent; blades lanceolate,

often somewhat falcate, 5 to 10 cm. long, 1 to 2 cm. wide, somewhat clasping

at the asymmetric narrowed base, glabrous or nearly so, but more or less

scaberulous on the upper surface; panicles terminal and from several of the

upper axils, 5 to 10 cm. long, the spikelets appressed along the ascending

branches; spikelets 3 to 3.5 mm., glabrous, the glumes and sterile lemma

acuminate or more or less attenuate-pointed; appendages of fertile lemma

reduced to scars.

Guatemala, Honduras, El Salvador, Costa Rica, Panama; shady banks and

rich woods, tropical regions of America, at low and medium altitudes. Type

from Jamaica.

Abnormal specimens occur in which the sterile lemmas are greatly multi-

plied, forming elongate curved spikelets as much as 2 cm. long.

2. Ichnanthus axillaris (Nees) Hitchc. & Chase, Contr. U. S. Nat. Herb.

18: 334. 1917.

Panicum axillare Nees, Agrost. Bras. 141. 1829.

Differing from I. pollens in the firmer broader blades (ovate or ovate-

lanceolate), often very scabrous on the upper surface, cordate-clasping at

base, larger panicles, and often sparsely pilose spikelets.

Guatemala, Honduras, Costa Rica, Panama; wet forests, thickets, and moist

banks, at low altitudes. Central America and the West Indies to Brazil,

whence the type, and Ecuador.

3. Ichnanthus nemorosus (Swartz) Doell in Mart. Fl. Bras. 8a: 289. 1877.

Panicum nemo ro sum Swartz, Prodr. Veg. Ind. Occ. 22. 1788.

Differing from /. pollens in the more prostrate habit, thinner, usually propor-

tionately broader, sparsely pilose blades and the blunter spikelets. 662 CONTRIBUTIONS FROM THE NATIONAL HERBARIUM

Guatemala, El Salvador, Costa Rica, Panama; moist forest and shady banks, up to about 2,000 meters. Mexico and the West Indies. Type from Jamaica.

4. Ichnanthus tenuis (Presl) Hitchc. & Chase, Contr. U. S. Nat. Herb. 18: 334.

1017.

Oplismenus tenuis Presl, Rel. Haenk. 1: 319. 1830.

Panicvm aIsinoideg Grlseb. Fl. Brit. W. Ind. 550. 1864.

Ichnatithu# alsinoides Munro; Hemsl. Biol. Centr. Amer. Bot. 3: 500. 1885.

Apparently annual; culms slender, spreading or creeping, rooting at the nodes, much branched, the fertile shoots ascending, 10 to 20 cm. high; blades lanceolate, 2 to 5 cm. long, 4 to 10 mm. wide, thin, glabrous or puberulent; panicles terminal and axillary, 2 to 4 cm. long, mostly on long slender pedun-

cles; splkelets narrowly lanceolate, 3 mm. long, acuminate, hispid.

Costa Rica, Panama; damp shady places, at low and medium altitudes. Cen-

tral America and Trinidad to Colombia. Original localities given as Mexico and Panama, but the former is probably an error as the species has not been

observed in Mexico. •

5. Ichnanthus standleyi Hitchc., sp. nov.

Apparently perennial; culms slender, spreading, branching, minutely pubes- cent; sheaths rather sparingly pubescent, vlllous on the margin; ligule very

short, densely dilate; blades ovate-lanceolate, somewhat acuminate-pointed,

sparingly hispid on both surfaces, scabrous on the margin, 4 to 6 cm. long, 1

to 2 cm. wide, often petloled, the petiole slender, as much as 15 mm. long; inflorescence long-exserted, consisting of 2 to 5 racemes, 1 to 2 cm. apart and

5 to 10 mm. long, finally more or less reflexed; splkelets dark-purple, about 5 mm. long; glumes about as long as the spikelet, acuminate, sparsely hispidulous, pilose on the margins; sterile lemma similar to the glumes but less acuminate; fertile lemma white, elliptic, about 3.5 mm. long, the wings or appendages evi-

dent but minute, about 0.5 mm. long.

Type in the U. S. National Herbarium, no. 1,387,083, collected on wet shaded bank in the vicinity of Siguatepeque, Department of Comayagua, Hon-

duras, altitude 1,080 to 1,400 meters, February 14 to 27, 1928, by Paul C.

Standley (no. 56207).

The material of this specimen is meager and fragmentary; hence the de-

scription may require modification when more specimens are at hand. The

racemose inflorescence is not common in the genus. The petloled blades are peculiar. In this respect the species resembles I, mayarensis (Wright) Hitchc. of Cuba, in which the blades are much smaller and narrower, and I, lanoeolatus

Scribn. & Smith, also with racemes but with larger lanceolate blades and smaller splkelets.

79. LASXACIS (Griesb.) Hitchc. Contr. U. S. Nat. Herb. 15: 16. 15)10

(Pank-um section LaMaci* Griseb. Fl. Brit. W. Ind. 551. 1864)

Spikelets subglobose, placed obliquely on their pedicels; first glume broad, somewhat inflated-ventrlcose, usually not more than one-third the length of the spikelet; second glume and sterile lemma about equal, broad, abruptly apiculate, papery-chartaceous, shining, many-nerved, glabrous, or la nose at the apex only, the lemma inclosing n membranaceous pnlea and sometimes a staminate

flower; fertile lemma white, bony-indurate, obovoid, obtuse, this and the palea

of the same texture bearing at the apex in a slight crateriform depression a

tuft of woolly hairs, the palea concave below, gibbous above, the apex often free at maturity. Large branching perennials, with usually woody culms often

clambering several feet high into shrubs or trees, the blades firm, flat, usually L

HITCHCOCK—THE GRASSES OF CENTRAL. AMERICA 663

lanceolate and narrowed into a petiole, the spikelets In an open panicle. Species

About 20, in the American tropics.

Culms erect, simple, herbaceous; blades as much as 40 cm. long and 5 cm. wide,

deeply cordate-clasping 1. 5. procerrlma.

Culms much branched, woody; blades mostly less than 20 cm. long, narrowed at

base or somewhat cordate.

Main stem prostrate, the fertile shoots ascending or erect 2. L. grisebachii.

Main stems clambering, the branchlets in whorls at the nodes, or much

branched and straggling, forming a tangled mass.

Ligule noticeable, brownish, 2 to 5 mm. long.

Panicles ovoid, rather densely flowered, 5 to 6 cm. long, the branches

short 3. L. scabrlor.

Panicles narrow or open, more than 8 cm. long, the long branches naked

below, the spikelets clustered toward the upper part.

Sheaths glabrous; blades more than ten times as long as wide; branches

of panicle spreading 4. L. oaxacensis.

Sheaths hispiduious or glabrate; blades less than ten times as long as

wide; branches of panicle ascending or somewhat appressed.

5. L. standleyi.

Ligule inconspicuous, hidden within the mouth of the sheath, rarely as

much as 1 mm. long.

Plants not hlgh-cllmblng, decumbent and rootng at base, forming a

tangled mass with no strong central cane; spikelets clustered toward

the ends of the branches 6. L. rhlzophora.

Plants high-climbing, forming a strong central cane; spikelets not

clustered toward the ends of the branches.

Panicles small and narrow; main culm papillose-hispid.

7. L. leptoe t achy a.

Panicles open, or if compact not small and narrow; main culm not

papillose-hispid.

Primary panicle few-flowered, 5 to 10 cm, long. Plants glabrous

throughout; branches sharply zigzag, the branchlets of the

panicle strongly divaricate or reflexed; blades narrowly lance-

olate, firm, mostly less than 1 cm. wide on fertile shoots.

8. L. divaricata.

Primary panicle many flowered, usually IS to 25 cm. long or more.

Blades glabrous on both surfaces.

Spikelets 4.5 to 5 mm. long, on short, stiff appressed pedicels,

blades oblong-ovate or elliptic-lanceolate 9. L. sloanei.

Spikelets 3.5 to 4 mm. long, on flexuous spreading pedicels;

blades lanceolate or narrowly lanceolate. 10. I», patentiflora.

Blades pubescent on one or both surfaces (sometimes glabrous in

L. rusclfdlia with ovate-lanceolate blades and compact pani-

cles).

Blades narrowly lanceolate, averaging 8 to 10 times as long

as wide; panicles large and open; spikelets 4 to & mm.

long 11. L. sorgho idea.

Blades ovate-lanceolate or elliptic, sometimes lanceolate, often

more or less cordate-clasping; panicle often compact, or at

least the branches commonly compactly flowered; spikelets

3 to 4 mm. long 12. L. ruscifolia.

61564—30 8 664 CONTRIBUTIONS FROM THE NATIONAL HERBARIUM

1. Lasiacis procerrlma (Hack.) Hitchc. Proc. Btol. Soc. Washington 24:

146. 1911.

Panicum procerrtmum Hack. Oesterr. Bot. Zeitschr. 51: 431. 1901.

Culms several in a clump, succulent, somewhat woody at base but not per-

ennial, erect from a thick woody crown, simple, as much as 4 meters tall and X

cm. thick, glabrous, glaucous; blades narrowly lanceolate, 15 to 40 cm. long,

2 to 5 cm. wide, deeply cordate-clasping; panicles open and much branched,

as much as 1 meter long, the branches naked below, finally widely spreading,

the lower in whorls, as much as 40 cm. long; spikelets 3 to 4 mm. long, ovoid

or elliptic.

Guatemala, Honduras, El Salvador, Nicaragua, Costa Rica, Panama; thickets,

banks, and open ground, at low and medium altitudes. Mexico to Venezuela.

Type from vicinity of San Jose, Costa Rica.

2. Lasiacis grisebachii (Nash) Hitchc. Bot. Gaz. 51: 302. 1911.

Panicum grisebachii Nash, Bull. Torrey Club 35: 301. 1908.

Plants much branched, the main culms creeping and rooting at the nodes,

as much as 2 mm. in diameter, the fertile shoots erect or ascending, 20 to 40

cm. tall; ligule inconspicuous; blades narrowly lanceolate, 6 to 12 cm. long,

5 to 10 mm. wide, puberulent beneath, glabrous above; panicles ovate, mostly

5 to 6 cm. long, the few branches rather stiffly ascending, few-flowered; spike-

lets 4 mm. long.

Honduras (Puerto Sierra) ; rich moist thickets at low altitudes. Also Mexico,

and Cuba, the type from Madruga.

3. Lasiacis scabrior Hitchc. Proc. Biol. Soc. Washington 40 : 85. 1927.

Culms climbing or straggling, woody, as much as 3 meters tall, pubescent or

glabrescent; sheaths more or less hispklulous, densely vlllous on the margin;

ligule prominent, brown, mostly 3 to 5 mm. long; blades rather firm, elliptic-

lanceolate, mostly 8 to 12 cm. long and 1 to 1.5 cm. wide, harshly scabrous on

the upper surface, puberulent beneath; panicles not much exserted, ovoid,

rather densely flowered, mostly 5 to 6 cm. long, sometimes as much as 10 cm.,

the branches spreading, or the lower finally reflexed, the axis and branches

pubescent; spikelets ovoid, pale, about 4 mm. long.

Guatemala {Cubilquitz, the type), Nicaragua, Costa Rica, Panama; wet

forest at low and medium altitudes (up to about 1,000 meters).

This species resembles L. Hgulata Hitchc. & Chase, of the West Indies and

South America, in the long ligule but differs in the thick blades scabrous above, the hispid sheaths, and the compact panicle.

4. Lasiacis oaxacensis (Steud.) Hitchc. Proc. Biol. Soc. Washington 24: 145.

1911.

Panicum oaxacense Steud. Syn. PI. Glum. 1: 73. 1854.

Straggling and branching, but not high-climbing nor with a strong central cane; culms decumbent and geniculate at base, rooting at the lower nodes, the ascending branches 1 to 2 meters long, glabrous; sheaths glabrous or rarely appressed-pubescent, the margin viilous; ligule prominent, 2 to 5 mm. long, brownish; blades narrowly lanceolate, 10 to 25 cm. long, 1 to 2 cm. wide, abruptly narrowed at base, long-tapering at apex, scabrous on both surfaces, panicles open, as much as 30 cm. long and nearly as wide, the slender scabrous branched and branchlets ascending or the lower finally spreading, naked below, the spikelets clustered toward the tips, no smaller secondary panicles developed; spikelets 4 mm. long, elliptic, often purple.

Guatemala, Honduras, El Salvador, Nicaragua, Costa Rica, Panama; thickets and copses at low and medium altitudes. Mexico to Ecuador. Type from

Oaxaca. HITCHCOCK—THE GRASSES OF CENTRAL AMERICA 665

5. Lasiacis standleyi Hitchc. Proc. Blol. Soc. Washington 40: 86. 1927.

Culms branching and straggling, mostly 1 to 2 meters tall, rooting at the nodes

with slender branching stilt roots; sheaths glabrous or hispidulous; ligule prom-

inent, brown, 3 to 5 mm. or even 8 mm. long; blades narrowly elliptic-lanceolate,

10 to 15 cm. long, 1 to 2,5 cm, or rarely 3 cm. wide, somewhat falcate, scabrous on

the upper surface, minutely pubescent beneath; panicles 10 to 15 cm. long, the

few branches stiffly ascending, the spikelets somewhat clustered toward the ends

of the scabrous branches and brancblets; spikelets ovoid-globular, pale or finally

dark, about 4 mm. long.

Costa Rica (La Tejona, Prov. Guanacaste, the type) ; moist forest.

The species has the habit and panicle of L. rhizophora but differs in the long

ligule and narrower blades.

6. Lasiacis rhizophora (Fourn.) Hitchc. Proc. Biol, Soc. Washington 24: 145.

1911.

Panicum rhizophorum Fourn. Mex. PI. 2: 31. 1886.

Branching and straggling, not forming a strong central cane, decumbent at

base and rooting at the lower nodes, the fertile culms ascending, 30 to 100 cm,

long, glabrous or pubescent; sheaths appressed-hispidulous or glabrescent, vil-

lous on the margin; ligule inconspicuous; blades lanceolate to ovate-lanceolate,

7 to 14 cm. long, 1.5 to 3 cm. wide, somewhat cordate at base, rather abruptly

narrowed above to an acuminate point, scabrous above, pubescent or scabrous

beneath; panicles 8 to 15 cm. long, the branches stiffly ascending, naked below,

the spikelets clustered toward their tips, the axes scabrous; spikelets 3 to 4

mm. long, ovoid.

Guatemala, Costa Rica; copses and moist forest, at medium altitudes (500 to

2,000 meters). Also Mexico, the type from Orizaba.

7. Lasiacis leptostachya Hitchc. Contr. TJ. S. Nat. Herb. 22: 19. 1920.

Plants forming a stout central cane, with numerous slender branches at the

nodes, clambering to the height of several meters; main culms roughened and

somewhat cinereous with papillae and irregularly appressed hairs; floral

brancblets slender, conspicuously zigzag, smooth, 20 to 40 cm. long; sheaths

glabrous or nearly so, densely long-clliate on the margin, hirsute on the collar;

ligule inconspicuous, about 0.5 mm. long; blades narrowly lanceolate, 7 to 10

cm. long, 5 to 10 mm. wide, narrowed toward each end, glabrous on both sur-

faces; panicles small and narrow, rather dense, 2 to 4 cm. long, few-flowered;

spikelets about 5 mm. long, oblong-ovoid, pale.

Nicaragua (Jinotepe, the type); jungle. Known only from the type locality.

8. Lasiacis divaricata (L.) Hitchc. Contr, U. S. Nat. Herb. 15: 16. 1910.

Panicum divarlcatum L. Syst, Nat. ed. 10. 2: 871. 1759.

Usually glabrous throughout except the margin of the sheaths; culms woody,

much branched, clambering over shrubs to the height of 3 to 4 meters, the

main culm strong, as much as 6 mm. in diameter, the main branches often

fascicled, the vigorous secondary sterile shoots usually strongly divaricate or

zigzag; sheaths sometimes hispid on the collar; ligule inconspicuous; blades

narrowly lanceolate, 5 to 12 cm. long, 5 to 15 mm. wide, or on the vigorous sterile

Shoots much larger, narrowed at the base, gradually acuminate, scabrous on the

margin and sometimes slightly on the surface, the older ones deciduous from

the sheaths, the basal portion of the fertile shoots bearing the old sheaths

but otherwise naked; panicles terminating the main culm and the fertile

branches, ovate or oblong, 5 to 20 cm. long, loosely flowered, the branches dis-

tant, spreading, or often reflexed, the axes angled, scabrous, flexuous, the

lower usually 2 to 4 cm. (sometimes as much as 10 cm.) long, the main branches ordinarily 5 to 10 flowered; spikelets ovoid, about 4 mm, long. 666 CONTRIBUTIONS FROM THE NATIONAL HERBARIUM

Guatemala, Honduras, El Salvador, Nicaragua, Costa Rica, Panama; copses and borders of forest, up to about 500 meters. Southern Florida, Mexico, and

the West Indies to Argentina. Type from Jamaica.

9. Laslacis gloanei (Griseb.) Hitchc. Bot. Gaz. 5: 302. 1911.

Panicum latifolium Hamilt. Prodr. PL Ind. Occ. 10. 1825. Not P. Uitifolium

L. 1753.

Panicum sloanei Griseb. Fl. Brit. W. Ind. 551. 1864.

Climbing to a height of 3 or 4 meters, forming a strong central cane; culms glabrous; branches solitary or two or three together, elongate; sheaths glabrous

except the margin, the collar conspicuously villous; ligule inconspicuous;

blades oblong-ovate or elliptic-lanceolate, 10 to 15 cm. long, 2.5 to 4 cm. wide, those of the branches smaller, narrowed at the asymmetric base, abruptly acu- minate, somewhat papery in texture when dry, glabrous on both surfaces or

scabrous above, scabrous on the margin; panicles open and usually loosely few-flowered, 10 to 20 cm. long, the branches distant and widely spreading, the lower as much as 10 cm. long, flexuous, scaberulous; spikelets 4 to 5 mm. long, elliptic.

Nicaragua (Jinotepe) ; Costa Rica (Turrialba); climbing among bushes and small trees, at low altitudes (up to about 500 meters). Mexico and the West

Indies to Colombia. Type from Jamaica.

10. I*asiacis patentiflora Hitchc. & Chase, Contr. U. S. Nat. Herb. 18: 338.

1917,

High-climbing with a strong central cane as much as 8 mm. thick, glabrous throughout except at the summit of the sheaths; branches numerous, solitary, widely spreading and finally repeatedly branching; sheaths with a ring of hairs at the summit or at least a tuft of hairs on either side, sometimes pubescent on the margins toward the summit; ligule about 0.5 mm. long; blades on vigorous shoots as much as 14 cm. long, and 2.5 cm, wide, but mostly about 8 to 12 cm. long and 1.5 to 2 cm. wide, acuminate, rounded-tapering to the base, usually somewhat asymmetric, glabrous, scabrous on the margin and somewhat so on both surfaces; panicles numerous, mostly 12 to 20 cm. long, nearly as wide, the slender axis and distant spreading flexuous branchlets angled, scabrous, the pedicels flexuous, spreading; spikelets pale, blotched with dark blue or purple at maturity, 3.4 to 3.8 mm. long, globose-obovoid.

El Salvador (San Salvador), Nicaragua (Jinotepe); borders of woods and jungles. Central America and the West Indies to British Guiana. Type from

Tobago.

11. Lasiacis sorghoidea (Desv.) Hitchc. & Chase, Contr. U. S. Nat. Herb. 18:

338. 1917.

Panicum sorphoid&um Desv.; Hamilt. Prodr. PI. Ind. Occ. 10. 1825.

Culms much branched, erect or clambering to a height of 5 to 7 meters, the strong central ciine as much as 1 cm. thick, glabrous or pubescent, the main branches sometimes 1 meter long or more, bearing slender branchlets toward the pendent ends, or the branchlets fascicled on the main culm; young shoots usually pubescent; sheaths pubescent, especially on the margin and collar, the surface sometimes glabrate; ligule inconspicuous; blades lanceolate or elliptic-lanceolate, those of the main culm or of vigorous shoots as much as 20 cm. long and 3 cm. wide, those of the fertile branches usually 8 to 12 cm. long and 1.5 cm. wide, on the fascicled branchlets smaller, often falcate, vel- vety on both surfaces or puberulent to glabrate above; panicles on the main culm and larger branches usually 10 to 20 cm. long, at maturity as wide or wider, rather compactly many-flowered; spikelets 4 to 5 mm. long. HITCHCOCK—THE GRASSES OF CENTRAL AMERICA 667

Guatemala, El Salvador, Nicaragua, Costa Rica, Panama; ravines, hedges,

copses, and borders of woods, at low and medium altitudes, Mexico and the

West Indies to Argentina and Bolivia. Type from Porto Rico.

12, Lasiacis ruscifolia (II. B. K.) Ilitchc. Proc. Biol. Soc. Washington 24:

145. 1911,

Panicum rusolfolium H B. K. Nov. Gen. & Sp. 1: 101. 1816.

Panioum eompactum Swartz, Adnot. Bot. 14. 1820.

Lasiada compacta Hitchc. Bot. Gaz. 51: 302. 1911.

More robust than any other species, freely branching, the shoots usually

strongly dorsiventral; culms becoming several meters long, glabrous or rarely

puberulent; sheaths sometimes hispidulous toward the apex (in some Central

American specimens papillose-hispid throughout), glabrous or often ciliate or

vlHous on the margin, especially near the summit, the collar glabrous or villous;

ligule inconspicuous; blades ovate-lanceolate or elliptic, sometimes lanceolate,

the primary ones 10 to 15 cm. long, 3 to 6 cm. wide, narrowed or often cordate-

clasping at the asymmetric base, rather abruptly narrowed to an acuminate but not attentuate apex, puberulent or glabrous beneath, glabrous or scabrous above,

the secondary blades similar or reduced; panicles 5 to 20 cm. long, narrow and

compact, rarely somewhat open, with spreading, implicate but rather closely

flowered branches; spikelets 3 to 4 mm. long, nearly globose at maturity. This

species Is variable as to pubescence, many Central American specimens having glabrous blades.

Guatemala, Honduras, El Salvador, Nicaragua, Costa Rica, Panama; climb-

ing over bushes, at low altitudes (up to 500 meters). Mexico, whence the type, and the Greater Antilles to Peru.

80. SACCIOLEFIS Nash in Britton, Man. 89. 1901

Spikelets oblong-conic; first glume small, much shorter than the spikelet; second glume broad, inflated-saccate, strongly many-nerved; sterile lemma nar-

rower, flat, fewer nerved, its pa lea nearly as long, often subtending a staminate

flower; fertile lemma stipitate, elliptic, chartaceous-indurate, the margins in-

rolled, the palea not inclosed at the summit. Annuals or perennials, of wet soil,

usually branching, the inflorescence a dense, usually elongate, spikelike panicle.

Species about 30 In the Tropics of both hemispheres.

1. Sacciolepis myuros (Lam.) Chase, Proc. Biol. Soc. Washington 21: 7. 1908.

Panicum myuros Lam. TabI, Encycl. 1: 172. 1791.

Panicum myosurus L. Rich. Act. Soc. Hist. Nat. Paris 1: 106. 1792.

Hymenacime myuros Beauv. Ess. Agrost. 49,165. 1812.

Panioum phleiforme Presl, Rel. Haenk. 1; 302. 1830.

Slender glabrous annual as much as 1 meter tall, with elongate linear blades,

the panicles compact, spikelike, about G mm. thick; spikelets about 2 mm.

long.

Honduras, Panama; marshes and wet places at low altitudes. Mexico and

Cuba to Brazil and Bolivia. Type from Cayenne.

81. HYMENACHNE Beauv. Ess. Agrost. 48. pi. 10, f. 8. 1812

Spikelets acuminate, short-pedicellate In long dense spikelike or interrupted

panicles; first glume one-third to half as long as the spikelet, remote, a distinct

stipe below the second glume; sterile lemma 5-nerved, acuminate, exceeding the

lanceolate stramineous fruit; lemma and palea membranaceous, the margins of

the lemma thin (not broad and hyaline), not Inrolled; palea not inclosed above, 668 CONTRIBUTIONS FROM THE NATIONAL HERBARIUM

Perennial aquatics or semiaquatic, decumbent at base and rooting at the lower

nodes, with rather stout simple stems and long lanceolate usually cordate-clasp-

ing blades; species about 8 in tropical regions.

Inflorescence dense, spikelike 1. H. amplexicaulis.

Inflorescence long and narrow with ascending branches, not spikelike

2. H. donacifolia.

1. Hymenachne amplexicaulis (Budge) Nees, Agrost. Bras. 276. 1829.

Panioum amplexicaule Budge, PI. Guian. 1: 21. pi. 21. 1805.

Glabrous aquatic perennial with succulent sparingly branching culms; blades

20 to 35 cm. long, 2 to 3 cm. wide, cordate-clasping; panicles about 8 mm.

thick and 20 to 50 cm. long; spikelets acuminate, 3 to 4 mm. long.

Guatemala, Honduras, El Salvador, Nicaragua, Costa Bica, Panama; swamps,

ditches and shallow water, at low altitudes, often forming large colonies.

Tropics of both hemispheres. Type from British Guiana.

2. Hymenachne donacifolia (Baddi) Chase, Journ. Washington Acad. Sci. 13:

177. 1923.

Panioum donaoifo\ium Baddi, Agrost. Bras. 44. 1823.

Panioum auHoulatum Willd. in Spreng. Syst. Veg. 1: 322. 1825.

Hymenachne aurieulata Chase, Proc. Biol. Soc. Washington 21: 5. 1908.

Similar to H. ample&icauUs, olivaceous throughout (at least when dry);

panicles of numerous ascending, densely flowered branches, the lower distant;

spikelets about 3 mm. long.

Panama; swamps and shallow water. Panama and Cuba to Brazil, whence

the type, and Ecuador.

82. HOMOLEFIS Chase, Proc. Biol. Soc. Washington 24: 146, f. 12. 1911

Spikelets rather large, subfusiform; first and second glume equal or the

first slightly longer, 7 to 9 nerved, the pair wholly covering the sterile lemma

and fertile floret; sterile lemma nearly as long as the glumes, broad, infolding

the fertile lemma, and inclosing a narrow hyaline palea and sometimes a stami-

nate flower; fruit elliptic, pointed, smooth and shining, the lemma and palea

less indurate than in Panicum, the margins of the lemma flat. Perennials with

narrow panicles. Species 3, American tropics.

1. Homolepis aturensis (H. B. K.) Chase, Proc. Biol. Soc. Washington 24: 146.

1911.

Panicum aturense H. B. K. Nov. Gen, & Sp. 1: 103. pi. 88. 1816.

Panicum btepharophorum Presl, Bel. Haenk. 1: 312. 1830.

Creeping straggling perennial, the ascending culms 30 to 50 cm. tall, with narrowly lanceolate, flat blades 1 to 1.5 cm. wide, and narrow, pale brown panicles 5 to 10 cm. long.

Guatemala, Honduras, Nicaragua, Costa Bica, Panama; swamps, moist woods and wet places, at low altitudes. Mexico to Brazil and Bolivia. Type from Venezuela.

83. ISACHNE B. Br. Prodr. Fl. Nov. Holl, 196. 1810

Spikelets small, subglobose; glumes subequal; lower floret perfect or stami- na te, its lemma and palea indurate and similar in form and texture to those of the upper floret; both fruits plano-convex, nearly equal in size, usually re- maining attached by the minute rachilla joint between them. Perennials or rarely annuals with flat blades and open or condensed panicles. Species about

20, tropics of both hemispheres. 4 i [

HITCHCOCK—THE GRASSES OF CENTRAL AMERICA 669

Florets appressed-pubescent; blades ovate-clasping; plant low, apparently

annual 1. I. polygonoides.

Florets glabrous; blades narrowly lanceolate, not cordate; climbing as much

as 0 meters 8. I. arundlnacea.

1. Isachne polygonoides (Lam.) Doell in Mart. Fl. Bras. 2273. 1877.

Panicum polygonoides Lam. Encycl. 4: 742. 1708.

Panicum trachyeperrmim Nees, Agrost. Bras. 212. 1829.

Isachne trachyspermum Nees in Seem. Bot. Voy. Herald 224. 1857.

Apparently annual; flowering shoots 20 to 30 cm. tall, erect from a long

creeping, freely branching culm, rooting at the nodes, the whole plant often

a meter in length, the erect shoots finally bearing fascicled branchlets; sheaths

hispid; blades spreading, lanceolate-ovate, very scabrous; panicles included at

base, about 5 cm. long and as broad, loosely manyJflowered.

Guatemala (Cfhupadero, Dept. Santa Rosa), Costa Rica, Panama; wet

jsavannas, swamps, and wet places, at low and medium altitudes. Central

America to Brazil. Type from Cayenne.

2. Isachne arundinacea (Swartz) Griseb. Fl. Brit, W. Ind. 553, 1864.

Panicum arundinaeeum Swartz, Prodr, Veg. Ind. Occ. 24. 1788.

Climbing among shrubs or small trees to a height of as much as 6 meters,

with strong canes and elongate branches; blades commonly 20 cm. long and

1.5 to 2 cm. wide, scabrous; panicles about 12 cm. long, the long lower branches

at first ascending, finally widespreading; spikelets crowded toward the ends of

the branches > spikelets 1.5 mm. long, glabrous or nearly so.

Guatemala, Costa Rica, Panama; wet forest, edge of jungle, and shady

slopes, 500 to 2,000 meters. Mexico and Jamaica, whence the type, to Vene-

zuela and Bolivia.

84. OPLISJtENTTS Beauv, Fl. Owar. 2: 14. fl 63. f, 1. 1809

Spikelets terete or somewhat laterally compressed, subsessile, solitary or

In pairs, in two rows, crowded or approximate on one side of a narrow scabrous

or hairy rachis; glumes about equal, emarginate or 2-lobed, awned from between

the lobes; sterile lemma exceeding the glumes and fruit, mucronate or short-

a wned, inclosing a hyaline palea; fertile lemma elliptic acute, convex or boat-

shaped, the firm margins clasping the palea, not inrolled. Freely branching,

creeping, shade-loving annuals or perennials, with erect flowering shoots, flat,

thin lanceolate or ovate acuminate blades, and several one-sided, thickish,

short spikes rather distant on a main axis. Species about 10, in the tropics of

both hemispheres.

Awns antrorsely scabrous; plants annual 1. O. "burcnannii.

Awns smooth or obscurely roughened; plants perennial.

* Rachis of racemes mostly 2 to 3 mm. long, bearing usually not more than 5

spikelets; blades 1 to 3 cm. long, 4 to 10 mm. wide 2. O. set&rius.

Rachis of lower racemes more than 1 cm. long, bearing usually more than 8

spikelets; blades mostly more than 4 cm. long, 1 to 2 cm. wide.

Racemes closely flowered, the lower 1 to 2 cm. long 3. O. hlrtellus.

Racemes loosely flowered, the lower 2 to 5 cm. long, the lower pairs of

spikelets as much as 1 cm. apart 4. O. rariflorus.

1. Oplismenus burmannii (Retz.) Beauv. Ess. Agrost. 54. 1812.

Panicum burmanni Retz. Obs. Bot. 3: 10. 1783.

Orthopogon burmanni Trin. Fund. Agrost, 181. 1820. 670 CONTRIBUTIONS FEOM THE NATIONAL HERBARIUM

Oplismenus oristatm Presl, Rel. Haenk. 1: 323. 1830.

Oplismenus aflinis Presl, Bel. Haenk. 1: 323. 1830.

Low, creeping, freely branching annual; sheaths pilose; blades broadly lance-

olate-elliptic; racemes 3 to 5, pale villous, ascending, approximate along a

flexuous axis; awns slender, about 1 cm. long.

Guatemala, Honduras, El Salvador, Nicaragua, Costa Rica, Panama; waste

places, open ground, and partial shade, a common weed at low and medium

altitudes. Tropics of Old World, introduced in the American tropics, Mexico,

and the Dominican Republic to Brazil. Type from India.

2. Oplismenus setarius (Lam.) Roem. & Scbult. Syst. Veg. 2: 481. 1817.

Panicum setarium Lam. Tabl. Encycl. 1: 170. 1791.

Slender creeping branching perennial, the ascending flowering culms 20 to

30 cm. high; blades 1 to 3 cm. long, 4 to 10 mm. wide, conspicuously undulate-

margined; racemes distant, very short, the spikelets appearing to be in

clusters on the rather strict axis; awns 4 to 8 mm. long.

Guatemala, Honduras; shady places, up to 1,500 meters. Southern United

States, Mexico, and the West Indies to Paraguay. Type from tropical America,

the exact locality not known.

3. Oplismenus hirtellus (L.) Beauv. Ess. Agrost. 54, 168. 1812.

Panicum Kirtellum L. Syst Nat. ed. 10. 2: 870. 1759.

Oplismenus chondrosioides Fourn. Mex. PI. 2: 39. 1886. ■

Perennial; culms widely creeping and branching, the fertile culms usually

erect from an ascending base, 20 to 70 cm. tall (usually about 30 em.); sheaths

glabrous to densely papillose-hispid; blades 5 to 10 cm. long and 1 to 2 cm.

wide; panicles 5 to 10 cm. long with 3 to 7 ascending or spreading rather dis-

tant racemes 1 to 2 cm. long; awns smooth, usually purple, the longer 5 to 10

mm. long.

Guatemala, British Honduras, Honduras, El Salvador, Nicaragua, Costa Rica,

Panama; moist woods and shady banks at low and medium altitudes. Mexico

and West Indies to Argentina. Type from Jamaica.

4. Oplismenus rarifiorus Presl, Rel. Haenk. 1; 320. 1830.

Oplismenus liebmanni Fourn. Mex. PI. 2 : 38. 1886.

Oplismenus thiebauti Fourn. Mex. PI. 2 : 39, 1886.

Differing from O. hirtellus chiefly in the slender loosely flowered racemes,

2 to 5 cm. long, the spikelets sometimes as much as 1 cm. apart on the rachls.

Guatemala (Guatemala City); moist shady places, at low and medium alti-

tudes. Mexico, whence the type, to Peru.

85, ECHINOCHLOA Beauv. Ess. Agrost. 53. pi. 11. f. 2. 1812

Spikelets plano-convex, often stiffly hispid, subsesslle, solitary or in irregular

clusters on one side of the panicle branches; first glume about half the length

of the spikelet, pointed; second glume and sterile lemma equal, pointed, mu-

cronate, or the glume short-awned and the lemma long-awned, sometimes con-

spicuously so, inclosing a membranaceous palea and sometimes a staminate

flower; fertile lemma plano-convex, smooth and shining, acuminate, pointed,

the margins inrolled below, flat above, the apex of the palea not inclosed.

Coarse, often succulent, annuals or perennials with compressed sheaths, linear

flat blades, and rather compact panicles composed of short, densely flowered

racemes along a main axis. Species about 10, In the warm and temperate

regions of both hemispheres. HITCHCOCK—THE GRASSES OF CENTRAL AMERICA 671

Ligule a dense line of stiff yellowish hairs; plants perennial.

Awn of sterile lemma generally 5 to 10 mm. long; sterile floret staminate.

1. E. polystachya.

Awn of sterile lemma generally 4 to 5 cm. long; sterile floret neuter.

2. E. holciformis.

Ligule wanting, the ligular area sometimes pubescent; plants annual

Racemes simple, rather distant, 1 to 2 cm. long; spikelets crowded in about

4 rows, the awn of the sterile lemma reduced to a short point; blades

3 to 6 mm. wide 4. E. colonum.

Racemes more or less branched, usually more than 2 cm. long; spikelets

irregularly crowded and fascicled, usually not arranged in rows, the awn

of the sterile lemma variable; blades usually more than 5 cm. wide

3. E. crusgalli crus-pavonis.

1. Echinochloa polystachya (H. B. K.) Hitchc. Contr. U. S. Nat Herb. 03:

135. 1920.

Oplismen-us polystachyu# H. B. K. Nov. Gen. & Sp. 1: 107. 1816.

Panicum spectabtte Nees in Trin. Gram. Pan. 138. 1826.

Echinochloa spectabiiis Link, Hort. Berol. 2: 200. 1833.

Perennial, usually in colonies; culms coarse, 1 to 2 meters tall, from a long creeping rooting base, glabrous; nodes densely hispid with appressed yel- lowish hairs; sheaths glabrous or papillose-hispid; ligule a dense line of stiff yellowish hairs as much as 4 mm. long; blades as much as 2.5 cm. wide, scabrous on the margins and upper surface; panicle 10 to 30 cm. long, rather dense; racemes ascending, the lower mostly 3 to 6 cm. long, densely hispid at base, the rachis very scabrous and more or less papillose-hispid; spikelets rather closely set, nearly sessile, about 5 mm. long; sterile floret staminate, the awn 2 to 10 mm. long; fruit rather soft, about 4 mm. long, extending into a point about 0.5 mm. long.

Panama (Ormila, near Port Obaldla); swamps and ditches near the coast,

Mexico and the West Indies to Argentina.

2. Echinochloa holciformis (H. B. K.) Chase, Proc. Biol. Soc. Washington

24: 155. 1911.

Oplismenus holciformis H. B. E. Nov. Gen. & Sp. 1: 107. 1816.

Berchtoldia holciformis Fourn. Mex. pi, 2 : 41. 1886.

Stout succulent perennial; culms erect, sometimes with a decumbent rooting base, as much as 2 meters tall and 1.5 cm. thick at base, glabrous; sheaths glabrous; ligule a dense line of stiff hairs, long on the lower leaves, short on the upper leaves; blades mostly 8 to 15 mm. wide, scabrous on the margins and upper surface; panicle dense, or interrupted below, nodding, as much as 40 cm. long; racemes appressed, the lower as much as 10 cm. long, the rachis scabrous and hispid; spikelets rather crowded, nearly sessile, about 5 mm long, the awn as much as 5 cm. long.

Guatemala (Estanzuela, Dept. Santa Rosa; Guatemala City). Shallow water and moist places at medium altitudes. Also Mexico, whence the type.

3. Echinochloa crusgalli crus-pavonis (H. B. K.) Hitchc. Contr. TJ. S. Nat.

Herb. 22: 148. 1920.

Oplismenus crus-pavonis H. B. K. Nov. Gen. & Sp. 1: 108. 1816.

Panicum sabuHoolwm Nees, A groat. Bras. 258. 1829.

Oplismenus angustifollus Fourn. Mex. PL 2: 40. 1886.

Echinochloa wbvlioola Hitchc. Contr. TJ. S. Nat. Herb. 17: 257. 1913.

Annual; culms erect or sometimes decumbent at base, as much as 1 meter or even 1.5 meters tall, glabrous; sheaths glabrous; ligule wanting, the ligular 672 CONTRIBUTIONS FBOM THE NATIONAL HERBARIUM

area sometimes slightly pubescent; blades 5 to 15 mm. wide, scabrous on the

margins, sometimes on the upper surface; panicles 10 to 20 cm. long, more or

less nodding; racemes mostly ascending or appressed, the lower somewhat dis-

tant, the upper approximate; spikelets crowded, excluding the awns about 3

mm. long, hispid on the nerves, hispidulous on the internerves; sterile lemma

with an awn 1 to 10 mm. long.

Guatemala, Costa Rica, Panama; marshes and wet places, often In the

water, at low and medium altitudes. Mexico and the West Indies to Argentina.

4. Echinochloa colonum (L.) Link, Hort. Berol. 2: 209. 1833.

Panicum colonum L. Syst Nat. ed. 10, 2 : 870. 1759.

Oplismenus colonus H. B. K. Nov. Gen. & Sp. 1: 108. 1816.

Annual, usually much branched at base; culms prostrate-spreading, ascend-

ing, or erect, usually 20 to 40 cm. long, glabrous; sheaths glabrous; blades

rather lax, 5 to 10 cm. long, rarely longer, 3 to G, rarely 10 mm. wide, somewhat

scabrous on the margins, occasionally bearing transverse purple bands (zonate);

panicles 5 to 10 or even 15 cm. long; racemes several, 1 to 2 cm. long, rarely

longer, appressed or ascending, the lower usually distant as much as 1 cm.;

spikelets about 3 mm. long, crowded, nearly sessile, in about 4 rows; awn re- duced to a short point.

Guatemala, Honduras, El Salvador, Nicaragua, Costa Rica, Panama; ditches

and moist places, warmer parts of both hemispheres, the type from India; in- troduced In America.

86. CHAETITJM Nees, Agrost. Bras. 269. 1829

Spikelets short-pediceled, dorsally compressed, lanceolate, the joint of the

rachilla between the glumes elongate, the bearded base of the first glume adnate

to It forming a long slender callus; glumes bearing awns three to four times the

length of the body of the spikelet, the first reduced to the awn or, in O.

bromoides, the pair broadened and inclosing the rest of the spikelet; sterile

lemma bearing a shorter awn or awn-tipped only; fruit subindurate, lanceolate, the lemma acuminate into a scabrous awn or point, the thin margins flat, the summit of the pa lea not inclosed. Perennials with long narrow blades and dense narrow panicles. Species 3, tropical America.

1. Chaetium bromoides (Presl) Benth; Hemsl. Biol. Centr. Amer. Bot. 3: 503.

1885.

Berchtol&ia bromoides Presl, Rel. Haenk. 1: 324. pi. 4S. 1830.

Panicum berchtholdwm Doell in Mart. Fl. Bras. 2a: 150. 1877.

Stoloniferous perennial; culms erect or spreading, 30 to 50 cm. tall; blades flat, pilose, 4 to 6 mm. wide, mostly basal; panicles 5 to 10 cm. long.

Guatemala, El Salvador, Nicaragua, Costa Rica; grassland, 500 to 1,500 meters. Mexico, whence the type, and Central America.

87. TRICHOULENA Schrad.; Schult. Mant. 2: 163. 1824

Spikelets on short capillary pedicels; first glume minute; second glume and sterile lemma equal, raised on a stipe above the first glume, emarginate or slightly lobed, short-awned, covered, except toward the apex, with long silky hairs, the palea of the sterile lemma well developed, fertile lemma shorter than the spikelet, cartilaginous, smooth, boat-shaped, obtuse, the margins thin, not

Inrolled, inclosing the margins of the palea. Perennials or annuals with rather open panicles of silky spikelets. Species about 15, in the Eastern Hemisphere, mostly in Africa, one introduced in America. HITCHCOCK—THE GRASSES OF CENTRAL AMERICA 673

1. Tricholaena rosea Nees, "Gat Sem. Hort. Vratisl. a. 1839"; FI. Afr. Austr.

17. 1841. Natal grass.

Tufted short-lived slender perennial, about 1 meter tall, more or less de- cumbent at base; sheaths sparsely papillose-hirsute; blades narrow, flat; panicles silky, rosy purple (in herbarium specimens sometimes faded to pink-

ish gray).

Guatemala, El Salvador ,* Costa Rica; open ground, thickets, and grassland, at

low and medium altitudes. Africa, introduced in tropical and subtropical

America, cultivated as a forage grass in Florida, now well established in several parts of Central and South America.

88. SETABIA Beauv. Ess. Agrost. 51. pi. 13. f. S. 1812

(Chactoohloa Scribn. U. S. Dept. Agr. Div. Agrost. Bull. 4 : 38. 1897)

Spikelets subtended by one to several bristles (sterile branchlets) falling free from the bristles, awnless; first glume broad, usually less than half the length of the spikelet, 3 to 5 nerved; second glume and sterile lemma equal, or the glume shorter, several-nerved; fertile lemma coriaceous-indurate, smooth or rugose. Annuals or perennials, with narrow terminal panicles, these dense and spikelike or somewhat loose and open. Species about 65, in the tropical and warm temperate regions of both hemispheres.

Blades narrowly elliptic, plaited; bristles below only a part of the. spikelets,

rarely below all. Subgenus Pttchophyllum.

Plants annual; blades usually less than 2 cm. wide 1. S. barbata.

Plants perennial; blades more than 3 cm. wide, sometimes as much as 10

cm. wide 2. S. paniculifera.

Blades linear-lanceolate to linear; bristles below all the spikelets.

Setaria proper.

Bristles below each spikelet numerous, at least more than 5. Panicle dense,

cylindric, spikelike 3. S. geniculata.

Bristles below each spikelet 1, or, by the abortion of the spikelets, 2 or 3.

Bristles more or less retrorsely scabrous.

Plants perennial; spikelets globose or nearly so 4. S. tenax.

Plants annual; spikelets not globose.

Spikelets about 2 mm. long 5. S. verticillata.

Spikelets about 1.5 mm. long.

Panicles usually green, rarely as much as 8 cm. long, less than 5

mm. thick, the bristles 2 to 3 mm. long 6. S. scandens.

Panicles usually purple, as much as 15 cm. long and 1 cm. thick,

the bristles about 1 cm. long 7. S. tenacissima.

Bristles antrorsely scabrous only.

Plants perennial 18. S. vulpiseta.

Plants annual.

Fertile lemma coarsely transversely rugose.

Axis of panicle thickly beset with white ascending hairs.

10. S. longipila.

Axis scabrous or hispid, not beset with white hairs.

11. S. liebmanni.

Fertile lemma at maturity finely cross-lined or nearly smooth.

Plants as much at 3 meters tall. Bristles 1 to 2 cm. long; fertile

lemma smooth or nearly so 8. S. magna.

Plants mostly less than 1 meter tall 9. S. viridis. 674 CONTRIBUTIONS FROM THE NATIONAL HERBARIUM

1. Setaria barbata (Lam.) Kunth, R6v. Gram, 1: 47. 1829.

ParvLoum barbatum Lam, Tabl. Encycl. 1: 171. 1791.

Panicum oostatum Roxb. Fl. Ind. ed. Carey 1: 314. 1820.

Chaetochloa "barbata Hitchc. & Chase, Contr. U. S. Nat. Herb. 18 : 348. 1917.

Branching annual; culms decumbent, spreading, often rooting at the lower

nodes, glabrous, scabrous, or vlllous near the pubescent nodes, as much as 2

meters long, but often much less; blades narrowly elliptic, flat and rather

thin, as much as 30 cm. long and 2.5 cm. wide, distinctly plicate in large speci-

mens, obscurely so in dwarf ones; panicles green, as much as 20 cm. long,

the branches ascending or spreading, as much as 4 cm, long; spikelets oblong-

elliptic, glabrous, about 2.5 mm. long, tending to be in two rows along the

branches, at least along the upper part, often clustered on branchlets on the

lower part of the branches, the bristles flexuous, 5 to 10 mm. long, usually

rather numerous.

Panama; thickets and waste places at low altitudes. Tropical Asia (type

from Mauritius), introduced in Florida, Panama, the West Indies, and Brazil.

2. Setaria panlculifera (Steud.) Fourn. Mex. PL 2 : 42. 1886. Palmgrass.

Panicum sulcatum Aubl. PI. Gulan. 1: 50. 1775. Not P. sulcatum Bertol.

1820.

Panicum pmieuliferunt Steud. Syn. PI. Glum. 1: 54. 1854.

Setaria effusa Fourn. Mex. PI. 2: 42. 1886.

Chaetochloa sulcata, Hitchc. Contr. U. S. Nat. Herb. 17 : 260. 1913.

Setaria micata A. Camus, Bull. Mus. Hist. Nat. 30: 108. 1924. Not 8. sulcata

Raddl, 1823 (based on Panicum sulcatum Bertol. 1820, not P. sulcatum

Aubl. 1775).

Robust perennial; culms as much as 4 meters tall, glabrous; sheaths papillose-

hispid all over or only at the margin and on the collar; blades flat, strongly

plicate, somewhat scabrous, as much as 1 meter long and 10 cm. wide at the

middle, tapering toward each end, the lower into a long petiole-like base;

panicles green or purplish, often very large, as much as 70 cm. long, the

branches ascending, finally spreading, as much as 20 cm. long, these branching

and rebranching, the panicle often becoming loose and open; spikelets usually

loosely arranged, elliptic-lanceolate, about 3 mm. long, obscurely nerved, scabrous-pubescent, the flexuous bristles as much as 15 mm, long.

Guatemala, Honduras, El Salvador, Nicaragua, Costa Rica, Panama; thickets, banks, and swamps. Mexico, whence the type, and the Lesser Antilles to

Colombia.

8. Setaria geniculata (Lam.) Beauv. Ess. Agrost. 51, 178. 1812.

Panicum gentculatum Lam. Encycl. 4 : 727 (err. typ. 737). 1798.

Setaria gracilis H. B. K. Nov. Gen. & Sp. 1: 109. 1816.

Setaria purpurascens H. B. K. Nov. Gen, & Sp. 1: 110. 1816.

Panicum iniberbe Polr. in Lam, Encycl. Suppl. 4: 272. 1816.

Setaria imberbis Roem. & Schult. Syst. Veg. 2: 891. 1817.

Panicum fiavum Nees, Agrost. Bras. 238. 1829.

Setaria flava Kunth, R6v. Gram. 1: 46. 1829.

Setaria penicillata PresI, Rel. Haenk. 1: 314. 1830.

Chaetochloa imberbis Scribn. U. S. Dept. Agr. Div. Agrost. Bull. 4: 39. 1897.

Chaetochloa penbillata Scribn. U. S. Dept. Agr. Dlv. Agrost. Bull. 4: 39. 1897.

Chaetochloa flava Scribn. U. S. Dept. Agr. Div. Agrost. Bull. 4: 39. 1897.

Chaetochloa purpurascens Scribn. & Merr. U. S. Dept. Agr. Div. Agrost. Bull.

21: 13. 1900. HITCHCOCK—THE GRASSES OF CENTRAL AMERICA 675

Chaetochloa gractii# Scribn. & Alerr. U. S. Dept. Agr. Dir. Agrost. Bull. SI:

15. 1900.

Chaetochloa geniculata Millsp. & Chase, Field Mus. Bot. 3 : 37. 1903.

Perennial, producing short knotty branching rhizomes as much as 4 cm. long; culms erect to nearly prostrate, as much as 1 meter tall, sometimes dwarfed, the base usually hard and wiry, often more slender than the upper part; blades flat, scabrous, often more or less villous toward the base on the upper surface, commonly 10 to 20 cm. long and 4 to 8 mm. iwide; panicle, erect, cylindric, densely flowered, rounded or truncate (not narrowed), at summit, 1 to 10 cm. long or in

robust specimens longer, 4 to 8 mm. thick (excluding the bristles), yellow, purple, tawny, or greenish; bristles mostly 8 to 12, yellow or purple, one to three times as long as the spikelets, sometimes longer; spikelets 2 to 2.5 or even 3 mm. long, ovoid, plano-convex; fertile lemma transversely rugose with close narrow ridges.

Guatemala, Honduras, El Salvador, Nicaragua, Costa Rica, Panama; open ground, pastures, cultivated soil and moist ground, United States, Mexico, and the West Indies to Argentina, at low and medium altitudes. Type from Guade- loupe. This species Is exceedingly variable in general appearance, due to the color and length of the bristles, which are long early in the season and in culti- vated soil, and short in plants of dry situations.

4. Setaria ten&x (L. Rich.) Desv. Opusc. 78. 1831.

Panioum tenax L. Rich. Act. Soc. Hist. Nat. Paris 1:106. 1792.

Panioum impressum Nees, Agrost. Bras. 247. 1829.

Panicum #phaerocarpum Salzm.; Steud. Syn. PI. Glum. 1: 51. 1854.

Chaetochloa impres&a Hitchc. & Chase, Contr. U. S. Nat. Herb. 18: 350.

1917.

Setaria sphaerocarpa Hubb. Contr. Gray Herb. n. ser, 52: 60. 1917,

Chaetochloa tenax Hitchc. Contr. U. S. Nat. Herb. 22: 176. 1920.

Perennial; culms scabrous below the panicle, 1 to 1.5 meters tall, often gen* iculate at base; sheaths villous on the margin, densely hispid on the collar; ligule densely pilose, 2 to 3 mm. long; blades flat, as much as 35 cm. long and

2 cm. wide, narrowed at base, acuminate; panicles rather densely flowered, nar- rowed toward summit but not attenuate, 15 to 30 cm. long, 2 to 3 cm. wide, the branches ascending, the lower about 2 cm. long; bristles 1 or 2 below each splkelet, 1 to 2 cm. long, flexuous, retrorsely scabrous and often also an- trorsely toward the base, sometimes barblets directed both ways intermixed, pale or tawny, becoming implicate and somewhat one sided with age; spikelets subspherlc, about 2 mm. long, very turgid on one side and somewhat convex on the other; fertile lemma rather indistinctly cross wrinkled.

Panama; brushy slopes and grassy hills, at low altitudes. Mexico and the

West Indies to Brazil. Type from Cayenne.

5. Setaria verticillata (L.) Beauv. Ess. Agrost. 51, 178. 1812.

Panicum verticillatwn L. Sp. PI. ed. 2. 1: 82. 1762.

Chaetochloa verticillata Scribn. U. S. Dept. Agr. Div. Agrost. Bull. 4: 39. 1897.

Annual, often much branched at base and geniculate-spreading; blades fiat, rather thin, usually 10 to 20 cm. long and 5 to 10 mm. wide; scabrous on both surfaces, often more or less pilose; panicles erect but not stiff, subcyllndrlc, more or less lobate or interrupted, especially toward base, mostly 5 to 15 cm.

long, 7 to 15 mm. wide; bristles one to three times as long as the spikelets,

somewhat flexuous, retrorsely scabrous to base; spikelets about 2 mm. long,

oblong-elliptic, not very turgid on the convex side; fertile lemma finely cross wrinkled. 676 CONTRIBUTIONS FBOM THE NATIONAL HERBARIUM

Guatemala (Antigua); a weed in cultivated soil and waste places. A native

of the Old World now introduced in the United States and other temperate

countries of America.

6. Setaria scandens Schrad.; Schult, Mant. 2: 279, 1824.

Patiicum scandens Trin. Gram. Pan. 166. 1826.

Chaetochloa scandens Scrlbn. in Donn. Smith, Enum. FI. Gnat. 5; 91. 1899.

Slender, annual, much branched below, erect or soon geniculate spreading;

culms sometimes rooting at the lower nodes, as much as 80 cm. long; blades

flat, linear-lanceolate, as much as 10 cm. long and 1 cm. wide, scabrous, es-

pecially on upper surface, usually sparsely, sometimes densely pilose on both

surfaces; panicles slender, erect, cylindric, densely flowered, sometimes Inter-

rupted, especially at base, often purplish, as much as 8 cm. long, mostly less

than 5 mm. thick, the axis softly pubescent and also long-villous, the scattered

hairs often longer than the spikelets; bristles somewhat flexuous but not be-

coming implicate, one to two times as long as the spikelets, antrorsely scabrous

except near the tip, there more or less retrorsely scabrous; spikelets about 1.5

mm. long, ovoid, turgid "on the convex side; fertile lemma transversely striate or

weakly rugose.

Guatemala, Costa Rica, Panama; open ground, often a weed in cultivated

soil, at low and medium altitudes. Central America and the West Indies to

Paraguay. Originally described from a garden specimen, the origin not known.

7. Setaria tenacissima Schrad.; Schult. Mant. 0: 279. 1824.

Panicum tenacissimum Nees, Agrost. Bras. 238. 1829.

Chaetochloa tenacissima Hitchc. & Chase, Contr. U. S. Nat. Herb. 18: 352,

1917.

Slender annual, mostly simple or little branched; culms erect, 1 to 2 meters

tail, leaning on or clambering over other vegetation; blades fiat, very scabrous

on both surfaces and more or less pubescent, especially beneath, mostly 10 to

15 cm., sometimes as much as 20 cm. long, mostly not more than 8 mm. wide,

tapering to a long acuminate apex, rather abruptly narrowed at base; panicles

somewhat nodding or flexuous, rather densely flowered and tapering toward

the summit, somewhat interrupted toward the base, as much as 15 cm. long

and 1 cm. thick (excluding bristles), the axis densely pubescent and sparsely

villous with long weak hairs; bristles flexuous, becoming implicate, about 1

cm. long, scabrous, antrorsely below, retrorsely above; spikelets about 1.5 mm.

long, often dark purple; fertile lemma transversely rugose with numerous fine

ridges.

Guatemala, Honduras, El Salvador, Costa Rica, Panama; brushy hillsides,

at low and medium altitudes. Central America and the West Indies to Brazil,

whence the type.

8. Setaria magna Griseb. PL Brit. W, Ind. 554. 1864.

Chaetochloa magna Scribn. U. S. Dept. Agr. Div. Agrost. Bull. 4 : 39. 1897.

Robust, erect, annual, usually not branched at base, sparingly branched above, the branches erect; culms as much as 4 meters tall, rarely taller, and 2 cm. thick at base; blades flat, scabrous, as much as 50 cm. long and 3.5 cm. wide; panicles densely flowered, nodding, often interrupted at base, tapering at each end, as much as 40 cm. long and 3 cm. thick, those of the branches much smaller; bristles somewhat flexuous, 1 or 2 below each spikelet, 1 to 2 cm. long; spikelets about 2 mm. long; fertile lemma smooth.

Costa Rica (Boca Zacate, Pacific coast); marshes and wet places along the

coast. Eastern United States, Costa Rica, and the West Indies. Type from

Jamaica. I

HITCHCOCK—THE GRASSES OF CENTRAL. AMERICA 677

9. Setaria viridis (L.) Bcauv. Ess. Agrost. 51, 178. 1812.

Panicum viride L. Syst. Nat. ed. ID. 2: 870. 1759.

Chaetochloa viridis Scribn. U. S. Dept. Agr. Div. Agrost. Bull. 4: 39. 1897.

Annual, usually branched at base, sometimes geniculate-spreading; culms usu-

ally 20 to 40 cm., sometimes 100 cm. tall; blades flat, scabrous especially on tilts

upper surface, usually less than 15 cm. long, commonly less than 1 cm. wide,

sometimes as much as 15 mm. wide; panicle erect or somewhat nodding, densely

flowered, green or purple, cylindric but tapering a little at the summit (the

binaller ones ovate), 5 to 10 cm. long, commonly 5 to 8 mm. thick (excluding

bristles) ; bristles 1 to & below each spikelet, mostly three to four times as long

tts the spikelet, antrorsely scabrous, greenish or rarely purplish; spikelets 2 lo

2.5 mm. long, elliptic, not much turgid on the convex side; fertile lemma finely

transversely wrinkled or ridged.

Costa Rica (Cartago, 1,700 meters) ; a native of Europe, widely established

in the United States as a weed in cultivated soil, rare in the Tropics. Also in

Mexico and Bermuda,

10. Setaria longipila Fourn. Mex. PI. 2: 47. 1886.

Chaetochloa longlpila Scribn. & Merr. U. S. Dept. Agr. Div. Agrost. Bull.

21: 22. 1900.

Erect annual; culms 30 to 40 cm. tall; nodes hispidulous; blades flat, 7 to 10

cm. long, as much as 1 cm. wide; panicle spikelike, cylindric, somewhat inter-

rupted, 4 to 7 cm. long, about 5 mm. wide, the axis thickly beset with white

ascending hairs about 2 mm. long; bristles mostly one below each spikelet, 3 to

5 mm. long; spikelets 1.7 mm. long; fertile lemma sharply transversely rugose.

Guatemala (Mazatenangu), El Salvador (Finca San Nlcol&s); woods. Also

Mexico, whence the type.

11. Setaria liebmanni Fourn. Mex. PI. 2: 44. 1886.

Chaetochloa, liebmanni Scribn. & Merr. U. S. Dept. Agr, Div. Agrost. Bull.

21: 31. 1900.

Annual, often branched at base; culms 30 to 100 cm. tall; blades flat, rather

thin, as much as 20 cm. long and 2 cip. wide, usually about 1 cm. wide, narrowed

toward both ends, scabrous, especially beneath; panicles loosely flowered,

cylindric, tapering at each end, often nodding or fiexuous, as much as 30 cm.

long, usually 10 to 20 cm,; bristles slender, flexuous, antrorsely scabrous, 7 to

15 mm. long; spikelets ovate, about 2| mm. long, rather turgid on the convex

side, rather prominently nerved; fertile lemma somewhat pointed, gibbous,

coarsely and strongly transversely rugose.

Nicaragua (San Juan del Sur; Masaya); rocky cliffs. Arizona to Nicaragua.

Type from Mexico,

12. Setaria vulpiseta (Lam.) Koem. & Schult. Syst, Veg. 2: 495. 1817.

Panioum vulpisetum Lam. Encycl, 4: 735 (err. typ. 745). 1798.

Setaria composita H. B. K. Nov. Gen. & Sp. 1: 111. 1816.

Chaetochloa composita Scribn. U. S. Dept. Agr. Div. Agrost. Bull. 4 : 39. 1897.

Chaetochloa vulpiseta Hitchc. & Chase, Contr, IT. S. Nat. Herb. 18: 350.

1917.

Perennial, branching at base, often in large tufts; culms stout, often de-

cumbent at base, as much as 2 meters tall; blades flat, gradually narrowed from

the middle toward both ends, the larger somewhat plaited, scabrous, especially

beneath, as much as 50 cm. long and 3 cm. wide; panicles rather densely and

evenly flowered, tapering toward the apex and often somewhat tapering at

base, as much as 30 cm. long and 4 or 5 cm. wide (secondary panicles much

smaller, sometimes only 5 cm. long), the branches stiffly ascending or spreading,

as much as 2 or 3 cm. long and of about equal length except toward the

summit, the axis densely villous; bristles 1 or 2 at the base of each spikelet, 678 CONTRIBUTIONS FROM THE NATIONAL HERBARIUM

slightly flexuous, brownish, antrorsely scabrous, mostly 1 to 2 cm. long, appear-

ing second on the branches after the fall of the spikelets; spikelets ovoid, 2 to

2.5 mm. long, pale; fertile lemma strongly and rather coarsely cross-wrinkled.

Guatemala, Honduras, El Salvador, Nicaragua, Costa Rica, Panama; open ground and brushy slopes at low and medium altitudes. Southern Mexico and the West Indies, Peru and Argentina. Type from Dominican Republic.

89. IXOPHORUS Schlecht. Linnaea 31: 420. 1862

Spikelets as in Pwt&cum, lanceolate, glabrous, short-pediceled, the pedicel

bearing a flexuous bristle just below the spikelet; first'glume about one-fourth

as long as the spikelet, rounded, 3-nerved; second glume and sterile lemma equal, pointed, the latter Inclosing a palea and staminate flower, the palea at maturity cartilaginous and winged, much wider than the spikelet; fertile floret shorter than the sterile lemma, Indurate, minutely roughened. A succulent

annual with flat blades and narrow panicles of numerous ascending 1-sided racemes along a main axis. Species one.

1, Ixophorus unisetus (Presl) Schlecht. Linnaea 31: 420, 747. 1862.

Vrochloa uniseta Presl, Rel. Haenk. 1: 319. 1830.

Panicum unisetum Trln. M&n. Acad. St P6tersb. VI. Sci. Nat. 1: 217. 1834.

Setaria uniseta Fourn.; Hemsl. Biol. Centr. Amer. Bot, 3 : 506. 1885.

Betaria cirrhosa Fourn. Mex. PL 2 : 43. 1886.

Erect or spreading, 50 to 150 cm. tall; blades 15 to 30 cm. or even as much as

60 cm. long, as much as 4 cm. wide; panicles 10 to 20 cm. long, the racemes

approximate, 3 to 6 cm. long; spikelets about 4 mm. long, the bristles 3 to 10 mm. long.

Guatemala, Honduras, El Salvador, Nicaragua, Costa Rica; low thickets, ditches and wet places, at low altitudes. Mexico, whence the type, to Colombia.

90. PENNISETUM L. Rich, in Pers. Syn. Pi. 1: 72. 1805

Spikelets solitary or in groups of two or three, surrounded by an involucre of bristles, these not united except at tlte very base, often plumose, falling attached to the spikelets; first glume shorter than the spikelet, sometimes

minute or wanting; second glume shorter than or equaling the sterile lemma; fertile lemma chartaceous, smooth, the margin thin, inclosing the palea. An- nuals or perennials, with usually flat blades and dense spikelike panicles.

Species about 50, in the tropical regions of both hemispheres.

Fascicles, or most of them, with 2 or more spikelets.

Culms 2 to 4 meters tall, robust; panicles mostly more than 15 cm. long,

very dense, the axis terete, densely pubescent 2. P. purpureum.

Culms mostly less than 1 meter tall, slender; panicles mostly less than 15

cm. long, somewhat interrupted, the axis angled, scabrous or puberulous.

Inner bristles conspicuously plumose 1. P. clliare.

Inner bristles sparsely plumose 3. P. vulcanicum.

Fascicles with but one spikelet.

Bristles conspicuously plumose 4. P. setosum.

Bristles not plumose.

Panicles terminal on the primary culm and leafy branches only

5. P. complanatum.

Panicles terminal and axillary, the latter on slender naked peduncles, 1 to

several from a sheath. HITCHCOCK—THE GRASSES OF CENTRAL AMERICA . 679

Sterile lemma empty; panicles rather densely flowered; most of the

bristles not more than once and a half the length of the spikelets

6. P. distachyum.

Sterile lemma inclosing a well-developed palea and usually a stamlnate

flower; panicles loosely flowered; most of the bristles about twice the

length of the spikelet 7. P. bambusiforme.

1. Pennisetum clllare (L.) Link, Hort. Berol. 1: 213. 1827.

Genchrus oiliaris L. Mant. Pl. 302. 1771.

Pennisetum cenchroides L. Rich. In Pers. Syn, PL 1: 72. 1805.

Perennial, tufted fronra knotted crown; culms geniculate, 10 to 50 cm. tall, sometimes taller, sparingly branching; blades flat or folded, 2 to 10 cm. long

(longer in plants in moist situations), 3 to 5 mm, wide, scabrous on the upper surface and long-pilose toward the base, glabrous or nearly so beneath; panicle 1.5 to 10 cm. long, not dense, purplish, mostly flexuous, the axis slender, angled, scabrous; fascicles spreading; bristles united at the very base, flexuous, unequal, the outer short, slender, scabrous only, the inner thicker, about twice the length of the spikelet, dilate, the innermost one a little longer than the rest; spikelets 1 to 5 in a fascicle, sessile, 4 to 5.5 mm. long, about 1.5 mm. wide, scaberulous.

Guatemala (Zacapa); El Salvador (Rosarlo); arid open ground, Eastern

Hemisphere, introduced in Central America and Porto Rico.

2. Pennisetum purpureum Schumach. Beskr. Guin. PI. 64. 1827.

Napisr grass.

This African grass has been tested for forage in several parts of the Amer- ican tropics under the name of elephant grass and Napier grass. We have specimens from Guatemala, £1 Salvador, and Costa Rica. It is a robust leafy tufted branching perennial 2 to 4 meters tall, with elongate blades 2 to 3 cm. wide, and dense, stiff, tawny or purplish panicles, the fascicles sessile, the sparsely plumose bristles exceeding the two or three unequally pediceled spikelets.

3. Pennisetum vulcanicum Chase, Journ. Washington Acad. Sci. 13 : 363.

1923.

Erect perennial, about 1 meter tall; blades flat 20 to 45 cm. long and 5 to 8 mm. wide, tapering into a long setaceous point, more or less papillose-pubescent on the upper surface; panicle 10 to 17 cm. long, 18 to 20 mm. wide excluding the longest bristles, tawny or obscurely purple-tinged, rather dense except at the base; fascicles on hairy peduncles 1 to 1.5 mm. long, finally spreading or reflexed; bristles numerous, scabrous, united at the very base, very unequal, the outermost short, slender, scabrous only, the inner 1 to 1.5 cm. long, flattened, flexuous, plumose about half their length, the innermost one stouter,

2 to 5 cm. long, plumose at base, unequal in fascicles of the same panicle, the longer in the middle fascicles; spikelets 3 to 5 in each fascicle (only 1 or 2 well developed), sessile, 6 to 9 mm. long, attenuate, scaberulous.

El Salvador (Chalchuapa, the type) ; Costa Rica (Nuestro Amo) ; known only from rocky open slopes in the uplands of Central America.

4. Pennisetum setosum (Swartz) L. Rich, in Pers. Syn. PI. 1: 72. 1805.

Genehrvs setosus Swartz, Prodr. Veg. Ind. Occ. 26, 1788.

Pennisetum purpurascens H. B. K. Nov. Gen. &. Sp. 1: 113. 1816.

Pennisetum nioaraguense Fourn. Bull, Soc. Bot. France II. 27: 293. 1880.

Perennial, in loose clumps, sometimes of 30 or more culms; culms usually 1 to 2 meters tall, slender to robust, subcompressed, ascending or suberect from the more or less geniculate, sometimes rooting lower nodes, bearing one to several

61564—30 9 680 CONTRIBUTIONS FROM THE NATIONAL HERBARIUM

flowering branches from the lower and middle nodes, scabrous below the panicle, otherwise glabrous; blades mostly rather firm, 10 to 40 cm. long, 4 to 18 nun. wide, panicles terminating the primary clum and branches, occasionally one or two axillary panicles borne in the upper sheaths, 10 to 25 cm. long, 8 to 10 mm. thick, excluding the elongate bristles, rather dense, usually somewhat nodding, from pale yellow to dusky purple or brown; fascicles sessile, at first ascending, spreading or reflexed in age; bristles unequal, the outer delicate, most of them shorter than the spikelet, the inner densely silky-plumose below, the hairs di- rected inward, those of the erect lower part of adjoining bristles matted and beautifully crimped; spike lets solitary, sessile, 3.2 to 4 mm. long.

Guatemala, Honduras, El Salvador, Nicaragua, Costa Rica, Panama; open slopes and savannas, at low and medium altitudes. Southern Florida, Mexico, and the West Indies, to Brazil and Bolivia. Type from the West Indies, the exact locality not known.

5. Pennisetum complanatum (Nees) Hera si. Biol. Centr. Amer. Bot. 3; 607.

1885.

Oymnothrix complanata Nees, Bonplandia 3: 83. 1855.

OymnothrisB mexicana Fourn. Mex. Fl. 2: 43. 1886.

Gymnothriat grisebachiana Fourn. Mex. PI. 2: 48. 1886.

Pennisetum mexicaiium Hemsl.; Jacks. Ind. Kew. 2: 458. 1894.

Perennial; culms solitary or few together, erect or ascending from a strong rhizome, 1 to 2 meters tall, sometimes dwarfed, simple or, more commonly, with one or two, rarely with several, flowering branches; blades flat, or folded at base, 20 to 55 cm. long, 5 to 8 or rarely 10 mm. wide, very scabrous on the upper surface, often papillose-pilose toward the base and with stiff hairs just back of the ligule, setaceous-attenuate; panicles nodding or somewhat flexuous, 7 to 16 cm. long, about 10 to 12 mm. thick, excluding the longest bristles; fascicles on very minute bearded peduncles; bristles numerous, unequal, most of them ex- ceeding the spikelet, 12 to 15 mm. long, the innermost 15 to 25 mm. long; spike- let solitary, sessile, 6 to 7 mm. long.

Guatemala, El Salvador, Nicaragua, Panama; open rather dry slopes and savannas up to 1,500 meters altitude. Mexico and Central America. Type from Panama.

6. Pennisetum distachyum (Fourn.) Rupr. Bull. Acad. Sci. Brux. 93: 242.

1842, nom. nud.; Chase, Contr. U. S. Nat. Herb. 22: 229. 1921.'

Gymnothrix distachya Fourn. Mex. PI. 2: 48. 1886.

Robust perennial; culms 1 to 4 meters tall, mostly solitary, erect or ascending from a decumbent base, often rooting at the geniculftte lower nodes, branching from the middle and upper nodes, the primary branches ascending, the sec- ondary and ultimate brnnchlets spreading or nodding, with 1 to 4 slender- peduncled drooping panicles from each sheath, the whole forming a top-heavy leafy compound inflorescence; nodes oppressed-hirsute; blades flat, appressed- hirsute on both surfaces or glabrate beneath and sometimes nearly so above, those of the main culm 25 to 45 cm. long, 1.5 to 3.5 cm. wide, narrowed or attenuate at base, the attenuation sometimes elongate, the apex acuminate, not setaceous-tipped, those of the branches smaller, lanceolate, rounded or slightly narrowed at base; panicles numerous, dull green, terminal and axillary, the slender flexuous peduncles unequal, the longest often 10 to 20 cm. long, the shortest included; panicles rather densely flowered, 3 to 8 cm., rarely 10 cm.,

2 This name was given as a synonym of distachya by Founder,

Mex. PL 2: 48. 1886. HITCHCOCK—THE GRASSES OF CENTRAL AMERICA 681

long, about 1 cm. wide, excluding the longest bristles, usually tapering to the

apex, the longer ones flexuous; fascicles on minute pubescent peduncles; bristles

slender, scant (mostly less than 20), unequal, most of them shorter than the

spikelet or but little exceeding it, the innermost about twice as long as the

spikelet; spikelets 4.5 to 5.5 mm. long.

Guatemala, Costa Rica, ravines along stream borders, and in moist ground,

at medium altitudes (1,000 to 1,500 meters). Mexico, the type from State of

Vera Cruz, and Central America.

7. Pennisetuxn bambusiforme (Fourn.) Hemsl.; Jacks. Ind. Kew. 2: 458. 1894.

Gymnothrix bambwiformis Fourn. Mex. PI. 2: 48. 1886.

Robust perennial, culms as much as 6 meters tall, branching from the upper

nodes, the branches often in fascicles of 2 or 3, slender, repeatedly branching,

the whole forming a drooping compound leafy inflorescence; blades flat, rather

firm, those of the main culm 20 to 35 cm. long, 2 to 3.5 cm. wide, narrowed,

sometimes somewhat attenuate at base, scabrous or appressed-pubescent on

the upper surface, softly appressed-pubescent beneath, sometimes glabrescent,

the blades of the ultimate branchlets narrow, much reduced; peduncles slender,

flexuous, unequal, one panicle of the fascicle partly included; panicles purplish

tawny, 5 to 12 cm. long (rarely longer), about 1 cm. wide, excluding the

longest bristles, loose, flexuous, tapering at the apex; fascicles on minute

pedicels, not crowded, ascending; bristles slender, flexuous, numerous, very

unequal, most of them about twice the length of the spikelet, the innermost

sometimes as much as 2 em. long; spikelets 5 to 6 mm. long.

Guatemala, El Salvador, Costa Rica; rocky slopes and cliffs 1,000 to 3,000

meters altitude. Mexico, the type from Mirador, to Peru.

91. CENCHRUS L. Sp. PI, 1049. 1753. Sawdbur

Spikelets solitary or few together, surrounded and inclosed by a spiny bur

composed of numerous coalescing bristles (sterile branchlets), the bur globular,

the peduncle short and thick, articulate at base, falling with the spikelets and

permanently inclosing them. Ours branching annuals with flat blades and ra-

cemes of burs, the burs readily deciduous. Species about 25, in the warmer

parts of both hemispheres, but chiefly in America.

Involucre (bur), with flattened spreading spines, no ring of slender bristles at

base 4. C. pauciflorus.

Involucre with a ring of slender bristles at base.

Bristles antrorsely scabrod#, much exceeding the involucral lobes.

1, C. pilosus.

Bristles retrorsely barbed, not much exceeding the involucral lobes.

Burs, excluding the bristles, not more than 4 mm. wide, numerous, crowded

in a long spike; lobes of the involucre interlocking, not spinelike.

2. C. -viridis.

Burs, excluding the bristles, 5 to 7 mm. wide, not densely crowded; lobes

of the involucre erect or nearly so or rarely one or two lobes Inter*

locking, the tips spinelike 3. C. echimatn*.

1. Cenchrus pilosus H. B. K. Nov. Gen. & Sp. 1: 116. pi. S6. 1816.

Cenchrw pallidus Fourn. Mex. PI. 2: 50. 1886.

Culms often rather stout, usually decumbent at base and rooting at the lower

nodes, 20 to 100 cm. long; blades 10 to 40 cm. long, or rarely longer, 6 to 12 pim. wide; spikes finally rather long-exserted, 5 to 14 cm. long, dense or loose at the base; burs globose, the body about 5 mm. high, as broad or broader, densely vil-

lous, tawny, the numerous slender bristles antrorsely scabrous, commonly pur* 682 CONTRIBUTIONS FROM THE NATIONAL HERBARIUM

plish, the inner more than twice as long as tlie body, the lobes of the body about

8, interlocking at maturity; spikelets usually 3,

mi Salvador, Nicaragua; moist open ground up to about 1,000 meters altitude.

Mexico to Colombia and Venezuela (whence the type).

2. Cenchrus viridis Spreng. Syst. Veg. 1: 301. 1825.

Cenchrus eohinatus viridis Spreng.; Griseb. Fl. Brit. W. Ind. 556, 1864.

Culms often rather robust, 30 to 100 cm. tall or more, erect from a more or

less geniculate base, sparingly branching from the base or lower nodes; blades thin, fiat, tax, mostly 10 to 30 cm. long, 6 to 12 mm. wide; spike usually short- exserted, 4 to 10 cm. long, rarely longer, dense; burs depressed-globose, the

body about 4 mm. high, as broad or broader, yillous, tawny, the outer bristles numerous, very slender, crowded toward the base, the inner usually exceeding the body and the spikelets, erect or spreading, the lobes of the body usually 0 to

8, interlocking at maturity; spikelets usually 3

Guatemala, Honduras, El Salvador, Nicaragua, Costa Rica, Panama; open ground and waste places, often a weed in cultivated fields, at low altitudes.

Southern Florida, Mexico, and the West Indies to Brazil. Type from Guade- loupe.

3. Cenchrus echinatus L. Sp. Fl. 1050. 1753.

Cenchrus brevtectus Fourn. Mex. PI. 2: 50. 1886.

Culms ascending from a geniculate or decumbent base, often rooting at the lower nodes, branching from the base and usually from the lower nodes, com*

monly 25 to 60 cm. long, sometimes as much as 1 meter long; blades commonly

6 to 20 cm. long and 3 to 8 mm. wide; spikes finally rather long-exserted, 3

to 10 cm. long (commonly not more than 7 cm. long), not very dense; burs

truncate at base, the body 4 to 7 mm. high, as broad or broader, pubescent,

tawny or plumbeous, the outer slender, the inner stout, broadened at base, the longest of them usually about equaling the lobes of the body, ascending or spreading, the lobes of the body commonly 10, erect or bent inward, the tips hard and spinelike, retrorsely barbed; spikelets about 4.

Guatemala, Honduras, El Salvador, Nicaragua, Costa Rica, Panama; open ground and waste places, a common weed at low and medium altitudes.

Throughout the American Tropics. Type from Jamaica.

4. Cenchrus pauciflorus Benth. Bot. Toy. Sulph. 56. 1840.

This species has often been referred to (7. tribuloides L. and to C, carolini- anus Walt.

Sometimes forming large mats; culms 20 to ^0 cm. long, rather stout, spreading to ascending from a decumbent base, usually freely branching; blades from flat to subinvolute or folded, 3 to 15 cm. long, 2 to 7 mm. wide; spikes numerous, short-exserted or partly included, 3 to 10 cm. long; burs rather crowded (excluding the spines), 3 to 7 mm. wide (commonly 4 to 6 mm.), pubescent, often densely so, rarely nearly glabrous; spines numerous, spreading or reflexed, flat, broadened at base, the lowermost shorter and relatively slender, some of the upper ones commonly 4 to 5 mm. long, usually vlllous at the base; body of the bur often with one deep cleft on the outer face, the lobes commonly about eight, usually vlllous at the base, rigid and spinelike; spikelets usually 2.

Honduras, El Salvador, Nicaragua, Costa Rica, Panama; sandy open ground, seashore on the Pacific side. United States, Mexico, and the West Indies to

Argentina. Type from Lower California.

A specimen from Boca Banana, Costa Rica (Atlantic side) appears to be

CsNcnitvs tribuloides L., but the burs are smooth. C. tribuloides is more HITCHCOCK—THE GRASSES OF CENTRAL AMERICA 683

robust than C. paucifiofus and has decumbent culms and large woolly ban. It

Is found on the sands of the seacoast from New York to Louisiana, West

Indies, and Brazil. The type from Virginia.

92. OLYRA L. Syst. Nat. ed. 10. 2: 1261. 1759

Plants monoecious; inflorescence paniculate; pistillate splkelets borne on the

upper branches and on the ends of the lower branches of loose terminal panicles,

the smaller staminate splkelets pedicellate along the lower branches; pistillate

splkelets rather large; first glume wanting; second glume and sterile lemma

herbaceous, caudate-acuminate; fruit bony Indurate; staminate splkelets

readily deciduous; glumes and sterile lemma wanting, the lemma and palea

membranaceous. Erect or clambering perennials with broad blades. Species

about 25, tropical America, one also in Africa.

Fruit pitted 5. O. standleyL

Fruit not pitted.

Fruit silky-pubescent at base and margins 4. 0. yucatana.

Fruit smooth and glabrous.

Panicles ovoid, few-flowered, less than 3 cm. long; pistillate splkelets less

than 3 mm. long 1. 0. lateralls.

Panicles at least the primary, much more than 10 cm. long, many-flowered;

pistillate splkelets more than 3 mm. long.

Fruit about 5 to 6 mm. long 2. O. latifolia.

Fruit about 10 mm. long 3. 0. caudata.

1. Olyra lateralls (PresI) Chase, Proc. Biol. Soc. Washington 21; 179. 1908.

Panic urn laterale Presl, Rel. Haenk. 1: 305. 1830.

Branching straggling perennial, more delicate than the other species; blades

oblong, lanceolate, mostly 3 to 4 cm. long, 5 to 10 mm. wide, glaucous beneath;

panicles delicate, about 2 cm. long and about as wide; staminate splkelets

linear, 3 to 4 mm, long; pistillate splkelets ovoid, 2 to 3 mm. long, at the

periphery of the panicle.

Costa Rica (700 to 1,100 meters); copses and shady banks, Central America

to Bolivia, at medium altitudes. Type from Peru.

2. Olyra latifolia L. Syst. Nat. ed. 10. 2: 1261. 1759.

Olyra arundinacea H. B. K. Nov. Gen. & Sp. 1: 197. 1816.

Glabrous perennial, bamboolike in aspect, commonly 5 meters tall, with flat,

firm, asymmetrically lanceolate-oblong, abruptly acuminate blades commonly

20 cm. long and 5 cm. wide, and ovoid panicles 10 to 15 cm. long, the branches

stiffly ascending or spreading, each bearing a single large long-acuminate pis-

tillate spikelet at the thickened summit and several small slender-pedlceled

staminate spikelets along the branches; fruit 5 to 6 mm. long, smooth and

shiny like porcelain, white varying to gray or dark drab.

Guatemala, Honduras, El Salvador, Nicaragua, Costa Rica, Panama; copses

and shady banks, at low and medium altitudes. Mexico and the West Indie#

to Brazil and Bolivia. Type from Jamaica.

. 8. Olyra caudata Trin. Linnaea 10 : 292. 1836.

Olyra pittieri Hack. Oesterr. Bot. Zeitschr. 51: 461. 1901.

Differing from O. latifolia in the corymbiform panicle with several fastlgiate

branches about 10 cm. long, the longer glumes (including the long point about

6 cm. long), and the much larger fruit (9 to 10 mm. long).

Costa Rica; woods, Cordoncillal, 300 to 600 meters. British Guiana to

Brazil and Peru. In North America known only from a single collection,

the type of O. pittieri. 684 CONTRIBUTIONS FROM THE NATIONAL HERBARIUM

4. Olyra yucatana Chase, Proc. Biol Soc. Washington 21: 178. 100b.

Resembling O. latifolia; blades unequally trapezoid-truncate at base; panicles

smaller and narrower than in 0. lalifolia; fruit 7 mm. long, white and shining,

eilky pubescent at base and margins.

Guatemala (Uapactum, Tilial district, Pet&i, altitude 100 to 500 meters) ;

British Honduras. Also in southern Mexico, type from Chichankanab.

5. Olyra standleyi Hitchc. Proc. BioL Soc* Washington 40: 86. 1927.

Erect cespitose perennial; culms slender, 1 to 3 meters tall, the nodes in dry

specimens presenting one or two raised dark sharp edges, sometimes blrsutulous

on these ridges; ligule shorter than the somewhat flaring border at the top

of the sheath; blades oblong-elliptic, as much as 17 cm. long and 4 cm. wide

(the lower not seen), somewhat cordate at base, puberulent on the upper sur-

face at base and on the short petiole; panicle of several fastigiate branches

spreading at maturity, the axis extending above the whorl and bearing one

or two ascending branches, the main branches 8 to 12 cm. long, bearing ap-

pressed spikelets, 1 to 4 pistillate spikelets on the upper part, staminate spike-

lets below, the peduncle and base of the branches more or less puberulent, smaller axillary panicles from the upper sheaths; staminate spikelets about

1 cm. long, the lemma narrow, acuminate-pointed, the palea a little shorter,

acute; pistillate spikelets glabrous, the glume and sterile lemma 5-nerved,

rather thin, somewhat reticulate with cross veins, gradually accumlnate, pointed,

the glume (including the point) about 2 cm. long, the sterile lemma a little

shorter; fruit narrow, about 8 mm. long, narrowed to an obtuse apex, glabrous,

minutely pitted, the pits oblong; palea nearly as long as the lemma, almost

inclosed by the margins of the lemma.

Costa Rica (El Mufieco on the Rfo Navarro, Province of Cartago, moist

woods, 1,400 to 1,500 meters altitude, the type).

93. LITHACHNE Beau v. Ess. Agrost 135. pi 2.J f. 2, 1812

Plants monoecious; spikelets in small axillary panicles, these with a single

epikelet at the summit and 1 to several staminate spikelets below; terminal

panicle if present wholly staminate; first glume of pistillate spikelet wanting;

second glume and sterile lemma herbaceous, long acuminate; fruit bony in-

durate, laterally subcompressed, the lemma greatly swollen or gibbous on the

back, the narrow palea slightly convex; staminate spikelets reduced to the

lemma and palea. Slender perennials with wiry culms and flat blades. Species

2, tropical America.

1. Lithachne pauciflora (Swartz) Beau v.; Poir, Diet. Sci. Nat. 27: 60. 1823.

Olyra pauciflora Swartz, Prodr. Veg. Ind. Occ. 21. 1788.

Olyra axillarU Lam. Encycl. 4: 547. 1797.

Lithachne axiUaria Beauv. Ess. Agrost. 166. pi. 2j. f. #. 1812.

Tufted perennial; culms slender, hard, geniculate and naked below, ascend-

ing and leafy above, commonly 30 to 50 cm. tall; blades flat, usually 5 to 8

cm. long, asymmetric, rliombic-lanceolate, acuminate, spreading, crowded toward

the summit, the small axillary panicles produced from the upper sheaths;

fruit 4 to 5 mm. long, white.

Guatemala, Honduras, Costa Rica, Panama; moist woods up to about 2,000

meters. Mexico and the West Indies to Argentina, Type from Jamaica.

94. RADDIA Bertol. Opusc. Sci. Bologna 3: 410. 1819

Plants monoecious; staminate and pistillate spikelets in distinct small pani-

cles, the staminate terminal or from the upper nodes, the pistillate axillary;

first glume of the pistillate spikelets wanting, the second glume and sterile HITOHCOOK—THE GRASSES OF CENTRAL AMERICA 685

lemma membraimceous, acuminate; fruit dorsally subcompressed, narrow, bony-

indurate. Slender perennials with flat blades and narrow panicles. Species

about 6, tropical America.

Sheaths densely hirsute 3. R costaricensis.

Sheaths glabrous or nearly so.

Blades 4 to 7 cm. long 2. R. strictiflora.

Blades 1.5 to 3 cm, long 1. R. concinna.

1. Raddia concinna (Hook. £.) Chase, Proc. Biol. Soc. Washington 21: 185.

1908.

Olyra concinna Hook, f; Curtis's Bot. Mag. III. 52; pi. 7$69. 1896.

Erect cespitose perennial, 15 to 30 cm. tall, the conspicuously distichous leafy

shoots resembling the pinnately compound leaves of a leguminous plant, the

sheaths overlapping; blades oblong, 1,5 to 3 cm. long, 5 to 10 mm. wide, some-

what pointed, glaucous beneath; pistillate spikelets 7 to 10 mm. long, the fruit

a little shorter than the glume and sterile lemma.

Nicaragua, (Sandy Bay}; Costa Rica, (Hamburg Finca, Prov. Lim6n); wet

forest at low altitudes. Known only from Costa Rica, the type grown at Kew

Gardens, said to come from San JosG.

2. Raddia strictiflora (Fourn.) Chase. Proc. Biol. Soc. Washington 21: 185.

1908.

Strephium strictiflorum Fourn. Bull. Soc. Bot. Belg. 15; 465. 1876.

Ol}/ra strictiflora Hemsl. Biol. Cent. Amer. Bot, 3: 510. 18S5.

Culms slender, 25 to 40 cm. tall; nodes puberulent; sheaths glabrous, puberu-

lent on the margin and near the summit; blades thin, oblong-elliptic, 4 to 7 cm.

long, 1 to 2 cm. wide, glabrous, the short petiole puberulent; panicles narrow;

staminate spikelets 3 to 4 mm. long; pistillate spikelets about 1 cm. long.

Honduras, (Puerta Sierra) ; moist forest at low altitudes. Also Mexico,

whence the type.

3. Raddia costaricensis Hitchc. Proc, Biol. Soc. Washington 40: 87. 1927.

Erect cespitose perennial; culms stiff, sometimes bent at the nodes, glabrous,

20 to 30 cm. tall; sheaths densely hirsute; blades crowded, rather firm and

stiffly spreading, oblong lanceolate, rounded at base, acute, 3 to 4 cm. long, 4 to

6 mm. wide, villous beneath, glabrous or sparsely hirsute on the upper surface,

revolute in drying; staminate panicles narrow, pale, the spikelets 3 to 4 mm.

long; pistillate panicles consisting of a few, (apparently 1 or 2), pistillate spike-

lets and several staminate ones below, the pistillate spikelets glabrous, 7 mm,

long, with an npiculation 1.5 mm. long; staminate spikelet glabrous, pale, 3

mm. long.

Costa Rica (Rio Hondo, near Madre de Di<5s, forest, 200 meters, the type.)

95. IMFERATA Cyrillo, PI. Rar. Neap. 2: 26. 1792

Spikelets all alike, awnless, in pairs, unequally pedicellate on a slender con-

tinuous rachis, surrounded by long silky hairs; glumes about equal, membra na-

ceous; sterile lemma, fertile lemma and palea thin and hyaline. Slender, erect

perennials with terminal narrow silky panicles. Species seven, in the tropical

regions of both hemispheres.

Panicle rarely more than 15 cm. long; spikelets 4 mm. long 1. I. braslllensis.

Panicle as much as 40 cm. long; spikelets 3 mm. long 2. I. contracta.

1. Imperata brasiliensis Trin. M€m. Acad. St. P£tersb. VI. Math. Phys. Nat.

2: 331. 1832.

Erect, tufted, with scaly rhizomes; culm slender, simple, 0.5 to 1 meter tall;

leaves mostly clustered toward the base, the blades flat, 5 to 10 mm. wide; pani- cle pale, narrow. 686 CONTRIBUTIONS FROM THE NATIONAL HERBARIUM

Guatemala; pine ridges. Mexico to Florida and south to Argentina. Type

from Brazil.

2. Imperata contracta (H. B. K.) Hltehc. Rep. Mo. Bot. Gard. 4: 146. 1893.

Saooharum contractum H. B. K. Nov. Gen. & Sp. 1: 182. 1810.

Imperata oaudata Trin. Mfm. Acad. St. P£tersb. VI. Math. Phyg. Nat. 2:

331. 1832.

Taller than the preceding, the culms 1 to 1.5 meters tall, leafy; panicle as

much as 40 cm. long.

El Salvador, Costa Rica; Panama; low meadows and open grassland. Mexico

and the West Indies to Brazil and Chile. Type from Colombia.

96. SACCHARUM L. Sp. PI. 54. 1753

Spikelets in pairs, one sessile, the other pedicellate, both perfect, awnless,

arranged in panicled racemes, the axis disarticulating below the spikelets;

glumes somewhat indurate, sterile lemma similar but hyaline; fertile lemma

hyaline, sometimes wanting. Tall perennials with feathery panicles. Species

about 10, in tropical regions, mostly in the eastern hemisphere.

1, Saccharum officinarum L. Sp. PI. 54. 1753. Sugaboanu.

Gigantic perennial with broad leaves, the overlapping sheaths falling from

the short-jointed lower part of the culms, the great plumy panicles pinkish

silvery; forming seed sparingly. Sugar cane, cafia de azticar. Cultivated

throughout tropical regions.

87. ERIOCHRYSIS Beauv. Ess. Agrost. S. pi. 4. f. 11. 1812

Splkelets awnless, the sessile spikelets perfect, the pedicellate spikelets pis*

tillate, smaller but fruitful, readily falling, the rachis rather tardily disjoint-

ing; racemes short, crowded In a narrow, dense, silky interrupted spikelike

panicle. Erect perennials with yellow or brown compact woolly inflorescence.

Species 4, 1 in South Africa, 3 in tropical America.

1. Eriochrysis cayennensis Beauv. Ess. Agrost. 8. pi k- A 1812.

Erect perennial; culms simple, 1 to 2 meters or more tall, blades narrow,

densely velvety; panicle 10 to 12 cm. long, compact, silky golden brown,

Guatemala, Costa Rica, Panama; open grassy marshes. Mexico and the West

Indies to Uruguay.

98. POLYTRIAS Hack, in Engl. & Prantl, Pflanzenfam. 2*: 24. 1887

Spikelets in threes at each joint of the articulate rachis, two sessile and one

pedicellate, perfect; glumes awnless, equal, membranaceous; sterile lemma

wanting; fertile lemma hyaline, bearing at the apex a well-developed awn.

Low perennial with shining red-brown hairy racemes solitary at the ends of the

branches. Species 1, Java.

1. Polytrias amaura (Biihse) Kuntze, Rev. Gen. PI. 2: 788. 1891.

Andropopon amounts Biihse; Miguel, PI. Jungh. 360. 1854.

Andropogon dwersiflorus Steud. Syn. PI. Glum. 1: 370. 1854,

Polytrias praemorm Hack, in DC. Monogr. Phan. 6: 189. 1889.

Polytriai diverHflora Nash, Torreya 5: 110. 1905.

Low, prostrate; culms 10 to 30 cm. long; blades fiat. 2 to 5 cm. long and 2.5

to 4 mm. wide; racemes 2 to 5 cm. lon%.

Panama; cultivated as a lawn grass and becoming spontaneous. HITCHCOCK—THE GRASSES OF CENTRAL AMERICA 687

99. ANDROPOGON L. Sp. PL 1045. 1753

Spikelets in pairs at each node of an articulate raehis, one sessile and per-

fect, the other pedicellate and either staminate, neuter, or reduced to the

pedicel, the rachis and the pedicels of the sterile spikelets often villous, some-

times conspicuously so; glumes of the fertile spikelet coriaceous, narrow, awn- less, the first rounded, flat, or concave on the back, several-nerved, the median nerve weak or wanting; sterile lemma hyaline; fertile lemma hyaline, narrow,

usually bearing a bent and twisted awn from the apex or from between apical lobes; pedicellate spikelet usually awnless, sometimes staminate and about us large as the sessile spikelet, sometimes consisting of one or more reduced glumes, sometimes wanting, only the pedicel present. Usually coarse peren-

nials, with solid culms, the spikelets arranged in racemes, these numerous ag- gregate on an exserted peduncle, or single, in pairs, or sometimes in threes or fours, the common peduncle usually inclosed by a spathelike sheath, these sheaths often numerous, forming a compound inflorescence, usually narrow, but sometimes in dense subcorymbose masses. Species about 150, In all warmer parts of the world.

Racemes solitary, terminating the culms and branches.

Plants annual.

Culms weak, decumbent; blades obtuse, mostly 1 to 3 cm. long; peduncles

capillary, spreading 1. A. bievifolius.

Culms erect, relatively stout; blades acute, mostly 5 to 10 cm. long;

peduncles slender but not capillary 2. A. malacostachyus.

Plants perennial.

Rachis of racemes conspicuously flexuous, very slender, the spikelets

spreading 3. A. condensatus.

Rachis straight, the spikelets appressed or narrowly ascending.

Spikelets awnless; racemes about 1 cm. long _7. A. virgatus.

Spikelets awned.

First glume of sessile spikelet villous 4. A. hirtiflorus.

First glume of sessile spikelet glabrous.

Sessile spikelet about 5 mm. long; blades 2 to 5 mm. wide

5. A. semiberbis.

Sessile spikelet about 4 mm. long, 1 mm. wide; blades mostly not

more than 1.5 mm. wide 6. A. tener.

Racemes more than one at the summit of the culms and branches.

Racemes several to numerous in a fascicle or panicle.

Spikelets awnless; racemes nearly glabrous (not woolly)

14. A. hypogyiLus.

Spikelets awned.

Racemes several to many, peduncled in a somewhat digitate fascicle

15. A. condylotrichus.

Racemes numerous, sessile along the main line, forming an oblong

rather dense woolly panicle 10. A. saccharoides.

Racemes in pairs (2 to 5 in A. selloanus, sometimes solitary in A. furoatu*

and A. nodosus) at the ends of the peduncles, the pairs usually supported

by spathes, these often in compound clusters or panicles.

Spikelets awnless.

Plants robust, 1 to 2 meters tall; spathes aggregate in a corymbose,

usually dense inflorescence 8. A. bicornis.

0 688 CONTRIBUTIONS FROM THE NATIONAL HERBARIUM

Plants slender, usually less than 1 meter tall, spathes not aggregate.

Sessile spikelets about 3 mm. long; blades usually not more than 2 mm.

wide, the apex acuminate 9. A. leucostachyus.

Sessile spikelets about 4 mm. long; blades 3 to 5 mm. wide, the apex

boat-shaped 10. A. selloanus.

Spikelets awned.

Awns geniculate, twisted below; lower pair of spikelets alike.

Racemes 2 to 3 cm. long; awn 3 to 4 cm. long 17. A. angustatus.

Racemes 4 to 5 cm. long; awns about 2 cm. long 18. A. nodosus.

Awns straight, delicate; lower pair of spikelets like the other pairs.

Racemes only slightly hairy 13. A. furcatus.

Racemes conspicuously hairy.

Racemes aggregate in a dense club-shaped or corymbose inflorescence,

the ultimate spathes not more than 2 mm. wide, rarely equalling

their racemes 11. A. glomeratus.

Racemes not aggregate, the ultimate spathes 3 to 5 mm. wide, much

exceeding their racemes 12. A. virginicus.

1. Andropogon brevifolius Swartz, Prodr. Yeg. Ind. Occ. 26. 1788.

Sckieachyriwn brevifolium Nees; Kunth, Enum. PI. 1: 488. 1833.

Slender trailing or reclining glabrous branching annual; culms from 15 cm.

to as much as 1 meter long; blades flat, obtuse; racemes delicate, 1 to 2 cm.

long; spikelets about 3 mm. long; awns 4 to 8 mm. long.

Guatemala, Honduras, El Salvador, Nicaragua, Costa Rica, Panama; moist

banks, moist open thickets, and open ground. Tropical regions of both hemi-

spheres. Type from Jamaica.

2. Andropogon malacostachyus Presl, Rel. Haenk. 1: 337. 1830.

Schizaehyrium malacostachyum Nash, N. Amer, Fl. 17: 102. 1912.

Rather slender erect or spreading, glabrous, pale or reddish brown annual;

culms 30 to 100 cm. long; blades flat, 1 to 4 mm. wide; racemes slender, 2 to

3 cm. long, more or less inclosed In the spathes on the erect branches along

the upper part of the culm; sterile pedicels and joints of the rachis villous;

sessile spikelet 7 mm. long, the awn about 1 cm.

Guatemala; dry slopes and rocky hills. Mexico, whence the type, to

Colombia.

3. Andropogon condensatus PI. B. K. Nov. Gen. & Sp. 1: 188. 1816.

Schigachyrium condcnxatum Nees, Agrost. Bras. 333. 1829.

Robust tufted erect glabrous perennial 1 to l.G meters tall; culm repeatedly

branching toward the summit, forming a large corymbose compound inflores-

cence; blades 10 to 20 cm. long, 5 to 10 mm. wide, usually stiffly spreading;

racemes 2 to 3 cm. long, the slender racliis very flexuous, the pedicels and

rachilla joints long-villous; awns delicate, about 12 mm. long.

Guatemala, British Honduras, Honduras, El Salvador, Nicaragua, Costa

Rica, Panama; open rather dry ground. Mexico and the Lesser Antilles to

Argentina. Type from Colombia.

4. Andropogon hirtiflorus (Nees) Kunth, K€v. Gram. 1; Suppl. xxxix. 1830.

Btreptachne domingensis Spreng.; Schult. Mant. 2: 188. 1824. Not Andro-

pogon domingensis Stend. 1821.

Sohizachyriwn hirtiflorum Nees, Agrost. Bras. 334. 1829.

Schizaehyrium

Andropogon domitiffensis Hubb. Proc. Amer. A cad. 49 : 493. 1913. Not A.

domingensis Steud. 1821. HITCHCOCK—THE GRASSES OF CENTRAL. AMERICA 689

Slender erect tufted perennial; culms compressed, 0.5 to 1.5 meters tall;

blades flat, 2 to 4 mm. wide; racemes mostly 4 to 8 cm. long; rachis joints and

pedicels villous; sessile spikelet 5 to 6 mm. long, its first glume more or less

villous on the rounded back; awn about 1 cm. long.

Guatemala, British Honduras, Costa Rica, Panama; dry plains and grassy

hills. Southern United States, Mexico, and the West Indies to Paraguay and

Peru. Type from Brazil.

5. Andropogon semiberbls (Nees) Kunth, R6v. Gram. Suppl, 1: ixxlx. 1830.

Bchizachprium semiberbis Nees, Agrost. Bras. 336. 1829.

Closely resembling A. hirtiflorus, which may be a variety of this; usually

stouter and taller, often glaucous, blades averaging wider; first glume of sessile

spikelet smooth on the back; rachis Joints and pedicels sparingly villous, the

racemes appearing nearly smooth (those of A. hirtiflorus appearing whitish-

villous).

Honduras, Nicaragua, Costa Rica, Panama; dry or rocky hills and plains.

Florida, eastern Mexico, and the West Indies to Argentina and Ecuador; also

tropical Asia and Africa. Type from Brazil.

0. Andropogon tener (Nees) Kunth, R6v. Gram. 1: Suppl. xxxix. 1830.

SchizachyrUim tenerum Nees, Agrost. Bras. 336. 1829.

Densely tufted bunch-grass; culms slender, reclining, 30 to 100 cm. long;

blades subinvolute, 1 to 3 mm. wide; racemes slender, 2 to 5 cm. long, nearly

glabrous; lower half of first glume of sessile spikelet light colored, giving the

raceme a somewhat zonate appearance; awn about 1 cm. long.

Panama; grassy hills, open slopes, and rocky cliffs. Southern United States,

Panama, and the Greater Antilles to Argentina. Type from Brazil.

7. Andropogon virgatus Desv.; Hamilt. Prodr. PI. Ind. Occ, 9. 1825.

Hypogynhtm spathiflorum Nees, Agrost. Bras. 366. 1829.

Andropogon spathiflorus Kunth, R£v. Gram. 1: Suppl. xl. 1830.

Glabrous tufted perennial; culms compressed, rigid, about 1 meter tall;

blades 2 to 4 mm. wide; inflorescence elongate, of numerous glabrous racemes

about 1 cm. long, partly inclosed in rufous or purplish spathes; splkelets 3 to

4 mm. long, awnless.

Costa Rica, Panama; wet prairie. West Indies and Costa Rica to Brazil.

Originally described from the "Antilles."

8. Andropogon bicornis L. Sp. PI. 1046.1753.

Robust tufted perennial; culms mostly 1 to 2 meters tall; blades 2 to 5 mm

wide, scabrous on the margin; inflorescence large, corymbose of delicate flexu-

ous racemes 2 to 3 cm. long, whitish or tawny, feathery with hairs as much

as 5 mm. long; one, sometimes two, of the uppermost pediceled splkelets larger

than the fertile ones, the other pediceled splkelets rudimentary. In some of the

West Indies called foxtail.

Guatemala, Honduras, El Salvador, Nicaragua, Costa Rica, Panama; grassy

spots, moist savannas and waste land. Southern Mexico and the West Indies to Argentina and Bolivia. Type from Jamaica.

9. Andropogon leucostachyus H. B. K. Nov. Gen. & Sp. 1: 187. 1816.

Slender, densely tufted erect perennial; clums 30 to 50 cm. tall; blades 1 to

3 mm. wide, with a deeply impressed mid vein; ligule about 2 mm. long; ra- cemes 2 or 3, whitish 1.5 to 3 cm. long, on slender exserted peduncles, the spike- lets obscured by the copious long silky hairs.

Guatemala, British Honduras, Costa Rica, Panama; dry hills and rocky slopes. Southern Mexico and the West Indies to Argentina and Bolivia. Type from Venezuela. 690 CONTRIBUTIONS FROM THE NATIONAL HERBARIUM

10. Andropogon selloanus (Hack.) Hack. Bull. Herb. Bolss, II. 4: 266. 1004.

- Andropogon leucoatachyua selloanus Hack, in DC. Monogr. Phan. 6: 420.

1889.

Similar to A. levoostaohyus, differing in the somewhat stouter culms, shorter

and broader blades with a boat-shaped tip, shorter ligule (less than 1 mm. fong); racemes often 3 to 5, more densely villous. tawny rather than white.

Panama; dry hills and open dry woods. Panama and the West Indies to

Paraguay. Type from Brazil.

11. Andropogon glomeratus (Watt.) B. S. P. Prel. Cat. N. T. 67. 1888.

t Cinna glomerata Walt. Fl. Carol, 59. 1788.

Andropogon macrourus Michx. Fl. Bor. Amer. 1: 56. 1803.

• Andropogon tenuispathcus Nash, N. Amer. Fl. 17: 113. 1912.

Bather robust, densely tufted perennial; culms compressed, 1 to 1.5 meters

tall; lower sheaths crowded, keeled; blades flat or folded, mostly 3 to 5 mm,

wide; inflorescence dense, feathery, club-shaped; racemes in pairs, 1.5 to 3

cm.-long, villous with whitish or tawny hairs; rachis slender, flexuous; sessile

spikelet 3 to 4 mm. long, the awn about 1.5 cm. long.

Guatemala, British Honduras, El Salvador, Costa Rica, Panama; open places

and grassy banks. Southeastern United States through Mexico and the West

Indies to northern South America. Type from South Carolina.

IS. Andropogon vlrginicus L. Sp. PI. 1046. 1753.

Densely tufted, with a mass of long leaves at the base; culms 1 to 1.5 meters

tall; sheaths compressed -keeled, glabrous or somewhat appressed-villous;

blades 2 to 4 mm. wide; inflorescence slender, one-third to half the length of the

plant; racemes 1.5 to 3 cm. long, more, or less included in the spathes; rachis

slender, flexuous, this and the pedicels villous with white hairs 3 to 5 mm. long;

awn delicate, straight, 10 to 15 mm. long.

British Honduras, Costa Rica, Panama; sterile hills and open ground. East- ern United States to Panama and the West Indies. Type from Virginia.

13. Andropogon furcatus Muhl. in Willd. Sp. Pi. 4 : 919. 1806,

- Erect perennial about 1 meter tall; blades flat; racemes in pairs, or some-

times threes at the summit of the culm, often solitary on the axillary branches,

0 to 6 cm. long, somewhat pubescent but not conspicuously woolly; sessile

splkelets about 8 mm. long, the awn somewhat bent, about 1 cm. long, weak;

sterile spikelet about as long as fertile one.

Honduras (Dept. Comayagua) ; pine forest. United States to southern

Mexico.

14. Andropogon hypogynus Hack. In Mart. Fl. Bras. 21: 290. pi. 66. 1883.

Hypogynlwm cam-pest re Nees, Agrost. Bras. 365. 1829. Not Andropogon

oampestris Kunth, 1830, nor Trin. 1832.

Andropogon hypogynus genumus Hack, in Mart. Fl. Bras. 21: 290. pi. 66.

1883.

Andropogon hypogynus another us Hack, in Mart. Fl. Bras. 2290. pi. 66.

1883.

Rather stout glabrous perennial; culms 1 to 2 meters tall; blades flat, 20 to

40 cm. long, 4 to 5 mm. wide; racemes several, in terminal fascicles, unequal, the

lunger as much as 6 cm. long; rachis nearly straight, the joints and the pedicel

rather sparsely villous; sessile spikelets about 4 mm. long, the pediceled about

as long but wider.

Guatemala (Dept. Izabel); open grassy plain. Brazil, whence the type.

The Guatemala specimen Is awnless (var. anathema). The Brazil speci-

mens may be awnless or with an awn about equaling the spikelet HITCHCOCK—THE GRASSES OF CENTRAL AMERICA 091

15. Andropogon condylotrichus Hochst.; Steud. Syn. PL Glum. I: 377. 1854.

Andropogon piptatherua Hack, in Mart. Fl. Bras. 3*: 293. 1888.

AmpMlophis piptatherua Nash, N. Amer. Fl. 17: 127. 1912.

Euclasta condylotricha Stapf in Praia, Fl. Trop. Afr. 0: 181. 1917.

Weak-stemmed branching annual; culms 1 to 2 meters long, the nodes villous;

blades 15 to 20 cm. long, 4 to S nun. wide, setaceous-pointed; racemes several,

fascicled, 2 to 6 cm. long, on slender flexuous peduncles; pediceled spikelets

about 5 mm. long; spikelets, rachis joints, and pedicels loosely pilose.

Nicaragua (Masaya) ; Panama; moist cliffs and shady banks. Mexico and

the Greater Antilles to Colombia and Venezuela; also tropical Africa. Type

from Abyssinia.

16. Andropogon saccharoides Swurtz, Prodr. Yeg. Ind. Occ. 26. 1788.

Andropogon argenteus DO. Cat. Hort. Monsp. 77, 1813.

Andropogon barbinodis Lag. Gen. & Sp. Not. 3. 1316.

Amphilophis saccharoides Nash, N. Amer. Fl. 17: 125. 1912.

Erect perennial; culms simple, brittle, 1 to 2 meters tail; nodes white-hispid;

blades flat, glabrous or nearly so, 2 to 8 mm. wide; panicles exserted, 5 to 15

cm. long, oblong, pale, silky, of numerous crowded, ascending racemes; awns

1.5 to 2 cm. long. In some specimens from Guatemala there is a minute depres-

sion (pinhole) in the back of the glume of the sessile spikelet.

Guatemala, El Salvador, Nicaragua, Panama; fields, meadows, and grassy

banks. Southwestern United States and the West Indies to Argentina. Type from Jamaica.

16a. Andropogon saccharoides laguroides (DC.) Hack, in Mart. Fl. Bras. 2*:

293. 1883.

Andropogon laguroides DC. Cat. Hort. Monsp. 78. 1313.

Andropogon torreyanus Steud. Nom. Bot, ed. 2. 1: 93. 1840.

Differs in its usually smaller size, more slender culms and glabrous nodes.

Guatemala, Honduras; same range as the species. Type from Mexico.

16b. Andropogon saccharoides berteronianus (Steud.) Hack, in DC. Monogr.

Phan. 6 : 494. 1889.

Andropogon berieronktnus Steud. Syn. PL Glum. 1: 380. 1854.

Blades densely pubescent or vlllous on both surfaces.

Guatemala (Guatemala City). Dry grass land. Tropical South America.

Type from Chile.

17. Andropogon angustatus (Presl) Steud. Syn. PL Glum. 1: 370. 1854.

Diectomis laxa Nees, Agrost. Bras. 340. 1829. Not Andropogon lawus Willd.

1806.

Diectomis angu&tata Presl, Bel. Haenk. 1: 333. 1830.

Andropogon apricus Trin. M£m. Acad. St. P6tersb. VI. Sci. Nat. 21: 83. 1836.

Erect slender perennial about 1 meter tall; blades flat, elongate, 1 to 2 mm. wide; racemes in pairs, 2 to 3 cm. long, the pairs on slender branches from several of the upper leaves, forming a loose inflorescence, each branch at first inclosed In a spa the but finally exserted 5 to 10 cm.; 1 or 2 pairs of homoga- mous sterile spikelets at base of each raceme; pedicels and joints of rachis stiffly ciliate with whitish hairs; fertile (sessile) spikelet about 6 mm. long, laterally compressed, nearly glabrous, the callus sharp, barbate, 1 mm. long; first glume narrow, deeply suicate on the back; second glume compressed, keeled, bearing from the apex a slender diverent awn 1 cm. long; awn of fer- tile floret geniculate, twisted, brown, scabrous hlspidulous, 3 to 4 cm. long.

Guatemala, El Salvador, Panama; dry savannas. Mexico to Brazil. Type from Mexico. 692 CONTRIBUTION'S PROM THE NATIONAL HERBARIUM

This species shows a close superficial resemblance to Hyparrhenia rufa but

differs in the compressed instead of depressed sessile spikelets. The type of

Diectomis la$a Nees was examined at Munich Herbarium, of D. angustata

Presl at the herbarium of the German University at Prague, and of Andropogon

aprious Trin. at the herbarium of the Academy of Sciences at St. Petersburg.

18. Andropogon nodosus (Willem.) Nash, N. Amer. Fl. 17: 122. 1912.

DichantMum nodosum Willem. Ann. Bot. Usteri IS: 11. 1796.

Decumbent freely branching low perennial; blades flat, 2 to 8 cm. long;

racemes 1 to 4, usually 2 or 3, 4 to 5 cm. long, the peduncle pubescent toward

apex; spikelets broad, the sterile spikelets as conspicuous as the fertile ones,

giving the appearance of a flat 2-ranked scaly spike; awns slender, about 2

cm. long, twisted and bent.

Honduras (Tela); introduced from the Old World into a few places in

tropical America.

Andbofoqoh attknuatus Bertol. Mem. Accad, Sci. Bologna 10: 34 pi. 6. 1859.

This species has not been identified. Judging from the plate the specimen

illustrated appears to be affected by a fungus. The type was collected in

Guatemala by Vellasquez.

100. DIECTOMIS H. B. K. Nov. Gen. & Sp. 1: 193. pi. 64. 1816

(Diectomis Beau v. Ess. Agrost. 132. pi. 28. f. 5. 1812. This is such a complex

of errors that it seems best to discard the name as not effectively pub-

lished.' Diectomis Kuntb. M&n. M us. Hist. Nat. 2: 69. 1815. Not effectively

published, no specific name being mentioned.)

Spikelets arranged as in Andropogon; raceme solitary, subtended by a spa the;

first glume of pediceled spikelet large, flat, herbaceous, many-nerved, awned

from between 2 slender teeth; first glume of fertile (sessile) spikelet narrow,

2 keeled; second glume laterally compressed, the midnerve wing-keeled, awned;

fertile lemma with a bent awn more than twice as long as those of the glumes.

A single species.

1. Diectomis fasti giata (Swartz) H. B. K. Nov. Gen. & Sp. 1: 193. pi. 64.1816.

Andropogon fa# tig tat us Swartz, Prodr. Veg. Ind. Occ. 26. 1788.

Slender erect glabrous annual; culms 0.5 to 1.5 meters tall, freely branching

above; ligules firm, up to 2 cm. long; blades flat, 1 to 4 mm. wide; racemes 2 to

6 cm. long; joint of rachilla and sterile pedicel winged at the summit, long-

villous, the white hairs as much as 7 mm. long; the conspicuous pediceled

spikelet 8 mm. long; awn of fertile lemma geniculate, 4 to 5 cm. long.

Guatemala, El Salvador, Nicaragua, Costa Rica, Panama; dry hills, plains,

and open ground. Mexico and the West Indies to Brazil, also tropics of Old

World. Type from Jamaica.

101. CYMBOPOGON Spreng. PI. Pugill. 2: 14. 1815

Racemes in pairs subtended by spathes, these collected In a decompound

inflorescence; spikelets in pairs as in Andropogon, but the lowermost pair of

one or both racemes sterile and similar to the pediceled spikelets above; fertile

(sessile), spikelets dorsally compressed, flat or dorsally grooved, sharply

2-keeled at the edges; fertile lemma narrow, the awn from between 2 teeth

* Chase in Nlles, Contr. U. S. Nat. Herb. 24: 200. 1925. HITCHCOCK—THE GRASSES OF CENTRAL AMERICA 693

or lobes. Perennial densely tufted usually aromatic grasses. Species about

36 in the warmer parts of the Old World.

1. Cymbopogon citratuB (DO.) Stapf, Kew Bull. Misc. Inf. 1906: 322. 1906.

LEMON GBASB.

Andropogon eitratua DC. Gat. Hort. Monsp. 78. 1313.

Stout perennial with leafy sterile shoots from a short rhizome; culms erect,

2 meters or more tall; blades long-attenuate toward the base and tapering upward to a setaceous point, as much as 1 meter long, 5 to 15 mm. wide, glabrous, scabrous on the margins and above toward the tip, the midrib rather stout below, whitish on the upper side; inflorescence 30 to 60 cm. long, nodding.

Honduras, El Salvador; cultivated here and there throughout tropical America* and in the Tropics of the Old World. The species appears to be always sterile in America and is only infrequently fertile in the Eastern Hemisphere. It is not known in the wild state. In India it is a source of one of the aromatic oils of commerce called lemon oil and is cultivated in America, usually under the name of lemon grass or zacate limdn, because of its lemon scent.

102. HYPARRHENIA Fourn. Mex. PI. 2: 67. 1886

Spikelets in pairs as in Andropogon but spikelets of the lower pairs alike, sterile, and awn less; fertile spikelets 1 to few in each raceme, terete or flattened on the back, the margins of the first glume rounded, not sharply indexed nor keeled (keeled toward the summit in H. rufa), the base usually elongate into a sharp callus, the fertile lemma with a strong geniculate awn; sterile spikelets awnless, racemes in pairs, on slender peduncles, and sub- tended by a spa the. Tall perennials, the pairs of racemes and their spathes more or less crowded, forming a rather large inflorescence at the upper part of the plant. Species more than 60, mostly in Africa, a few in tropical

America.

Awn stout, about 8 cm. long; 1 fertile spikelet to each raceme, the first glume

with a deep narrow groove on the back 1. H. ruprechtii.

Awn 1.5 to 2 cm. long.

Awned spikelets several "to a raceme 2. H. rufa.

Awned spikelets 1 to 2 to a raceme 3. H. bracteata.

1. Hyparrhenia ruprechtii Fourn. Mex. PI. 2: 67. 1886.

Andropogon ruprecktii Hack. Flora 68: 126. 1885.

Gymbopogon ruprechtii Rendle, Cat. Afr. PI, Welw. 2: 100. 1899.

Stout glabrous perennial, 2 to 3 meters tall; blades mostly 3 to 8 mm. wide, flat; racemes in pairs, mostly inclosed In spathes 5 to 8 cm. long, the spathes crowded toward the ends of erect branches, these appressed along the upper part of the culms; raceme about 2 cm. long, glabrous, erect; sterile spikelets

12 mm. long; fertile spikelet one in each raceme with a slender sharp callus about 5 mm. long; first glume firm, 6 mm. long, a deep narrow groove in the back; awn stout, about 8 cm. long.

Guatemala, El Salvador, Nicaragua; dry plains and hills. Mexico, whence the type, to Paraguay, also in tropical Africa.

2. Hyparrhenia rufa (Nees) Stapf in Prain, Fl. Trop. Afr. 9: 304. 1918.

Trachypogon rufus Nees, Agrost. Bras. 345. 1829.

Andropogon rufus Kunth, BGv. Gram. 1: Suppl. xxxix. 1830.

Gymbopogon rufus Rendle, Cat. Afr. PI. Welw. 2: 155. 1899.

Perennial; culms erect, rather stout, 1 to 2.5 meters tall; blades mostly

2 to 8 mm. wide, sometimes more than 1 cm.; inflorescence 20 to 40 cm. long,

the pairs of racemes toward the ends of the numerous branches on long 694 CONTRIBUTIONS FROM THE NATIONAL HERBARIUM

slender flexuous peduncles; racemes about 2 cm. long, reddish brown; fertile

spikelets mostly 5 to 7 in each raceme, 3 to 4 mm. long, flattened from the back,

pubescent with dark red hairs, the pedicels and rachis-joints ciliute with red

hairs; awn 15 to 20 mm. long, twice genlculate, twisted, red-brown, hispidulous.

El Salvador; moist open ground. Venezuela to Brazil, whence the type, and

Tropics of Old World.

Cultivated in El Salvador for forage where it is called Jaragu&. Commonly

cultivated in Brazil for forage under the game name.

3. Hyparrhenia bracteata (Humb. & lionpl.) Stapf. in Prain, Fl. Trop. Afr. 9:

360. 1618.

Andropogon 6raoteatus Humb. & Bonpl.; Willd. Sp. PI. 4: 914. 1806.

Cymbopoffon bract catus Hitchc. Contr. U. S. Nat. Herb. 17: 209. 1913.

Stout perennial, 1 to 2 meters tall; sheaths more or less appressed-hlrsute;

blades 2 to 4 mm. wide, glabrous or villous; spathes 2 to 4 cm. long, crowded

toward the summit of the culm, villous; racemes about 1 cm. long, the peduncle

slender, flexuous, exerted from the side of the spathe, the racemes finally

divergent or reflexed, peduncle, rachts joints, sterile pedicel and callus villous

with brownish yellow hairs; fertile spikelet mostly 1 in a raceme, 5 mm. long,

the awn about 2 cm. long.

Guatemala, Honduras, El Salvador, Costa Rica, Panama; fields, open places

and grassy hills. Mexico to Paraguay. Type from Venezuela.

103. VETIVERIA Bory in Lem. Bull. Soc. Philom. 1822: 43. 1822

Racemes long, slender, solitary, on long filiform peduncles borne in whorls on

an elongate axis, forming a large panicle; spikelets awnless (in ours), arranged

as in Andropogon, the filiform rachls taridly disjointing. Coarse glabrous

perennials with stout rhizomes. Species about 7 in the Tropics of the Old

World.

In the Grasses of the West Indies * this genus was described under Anatheram

Beauv. This name was there typified by A. muricatum Beauv., the first of

two equally eligible species. It seems better to take the second of these species,

A. bicorne Beauv. (Andropogon bicornis L.) as the type, reducing Anathcrum

Beauv. to a synonym of Andropogon and leaving Vetiveria for the aromatic

grass commonly known under that name.

1. Vetiveria zizanioides (L.) Nash in Small, Fl. Southeast. U. S. 67. 1903.

V ETIVER.

Phalaris zizanioides L. Mant. PI. 183. 1771.

Vetiveria arundinacea Griseb. Fl. Brit. W. Ind. 559. 1864.

Anatherum eUsanioides Hitchc. & Chase, Contr. u. S. Nat. Herb. 18: 285.

1917.

Robust, densely tufted, erect, branching perennial; culms 1 to 2 meters tall,

blades glabrous, firm or rigid, 30 to 100 cm. long, 4 to 10 mm. wide, scabrous

on the margin; panicle elongate-pyramidal, 20 to 30 cm. long, the branches in

6 to 10 whorls of as many as 20 rays, the lower naked part as much as 5 cm.;

racemes as much as 5 cm. long.

El Salvador, A native of Asia, cultivated In the Tropics of both hemispheres.

Commonly cultivated as a hedge plant and for its aromatic roots. Sometimes

^escaped along roadsides. The roots are sometimes packed with articles of

clothing to preserve them from moths and are sometimes woven into screens

which, when wet, are used to perfume living quarters. Khus khns, vetiver,

zacate violet a.

4 Contr. U. S. Nat. Herb. 18 : 285. 1917. HITCHCOCK—THE GRASSES OF CENTRAL AMERICA 695

104. SORGHUM Moench, Meth. PI. 207. 1794

Spikelets in pairs, one sessile and fertile, the other pedicellate, sterile but

well developed, usually staminate, the terminal sessile spikelet with two pedi-

cellate spikelets; annual or perennial, tall or moderately tall grasses, with flat

blades and terminal panicles of 1 to 5 jointed tardily disarticulating racemes.

Species about six, mostly African, only one American. The numerous varieties

of the cultivated Sorghum are considered species by some.

Plants perennial, with creeping rhizomes 1. S. halepense.

Plants annual 2. S. vulgare,

1. Sorghum halepense Pers. Syn. PI. 1: 101. 1805. Johnson gbass.

Holcus halepensis L. Sp. PI. 1047. 1753.

Andropogon halepensis Brot. Fl. Lusit. 1: 89. 1804.

Robust perennial with numerous stout rhizomes; culms mostly 1 to 1.5 meters

tall; blades mostly less than 1.5 cm. wide, the midrib prominent, white margins

scabrous; panicle 15 to 25 cm. long; fertile spikelets plump, 5 mm. long the awn

when present 7 to 10 mm. long, deciduous; staminate spikelets 4 mm. long, the

pedicel 3 mm. long.

El Salvador, Nicaragua, Costa Rica, Panama; fields and waste places. Origi-

nally from the Mediterranean region, now established throughout the warmer

parts of America.

8. Sorghum vulgare Pers, Syn. Pi. 1: 101. 1805. Sorghum.

Holcus sorghum L. Sp. PI. 1047. 1753.

Andropogon sorghum Brot. Fl. Lusit. 1: 88. 1804.

Guatemala, El Salvador, Costa Rica; cultivated in the warmer regions of both

hemispheres and occasionally escaped in fields and waste places in tropical

America. The foliage is used for forage and the seed for stock feed and some-

times for human food. Called also sorgho, guinea corn, malcillo.

There are numerous varieties. One variety, Sudan grass (8. vulgare Sudan-

ense (Piper) Hitchc.) is a comparatively slender form 2 to 4 meters tall, with

a large open panicle, used for forage. Another variety, broomcorn, has a large

erect or fan-shaped panicle with long naked branches, the spikelets crowded

near the ends.

105. SORGHASTRTTH Nash in Britton, Man. 71. 1901

Spikelets in pairs, one nearly terete, sessile and fertile, the other wanting,,

only the hairy pedicel being present; glumes coriaceous, brown or yellowish, the

first hirsute, the edges indexed over the second; sterile and fertile lemmas thin

and hyaline, the latter extending into a usually well-developed bent and twisted

awn. Perennial, erect, rather tall grasses, with narrow flat blades and narrow

terminal panicles of one to few jointed racemes. Species about 10 in the

warmer parts of the Western Hemisphere and a few in Africa.

Plants annual, spreading or straggling; spikelets 4 mm. long, the awn 3 cm.

long 1. S. incompletuxxu

Plants perennial, erect; spikelets 5 to 6 mm. long, the awn 10 to 15 mm. long.

2. S. nutans.

1. Sorghastrum incompletum (Presl) Nash, N. Amer. Fl. 17: 130. 1912.

Andropogon incompletus Presl, Rel. Haenk. 1: 342. 1830.

Andropogon nutans inoompletus Hack, in DC. Monogr. Phan. 6: 531. 1889.

Culms often 1 to 2 meters long; blades rather short, 2 to 5 mm. wide; panicle*

5 to 15 cm. long; pedicels capillary, flexuous; spikelets readily disarticulating,

forming with the awns, implicate clusters.

61564—30 10

* 696 CONTRIBUTIONS FROM THE NATIONAL HERBARIUM

Guatemala, El Salvador, Nicaragua, Costa Rica, Panama; dry hills and open grassy places. Mexico, whence the type, to Venezuela; also in tropical Africa.

2. Sorghastrum nutans (L.) Nash in Small, Fl. Southeast. U. S. 66. 1903.

Andropogon nutans L. Sp. PI. 1045. 1753.

Culms 1 to 2 meters tall, strict; blades 5 to 10 mm. wide, scabrous; panicle 20 to 30 cm. long, the pedicels slender but nearly straight; spikelets tawny or yellow-brown at maturity, hirsute.

Guatemala, Honduras, Panama; dry hills and plains. United States to

Panama. Type from Virginia.

106. HETEROFOGON Pers. Syn. PI. 2: 533. 1807

Splkelets in pairs, one sessile, the other pedicellate, both of the lower few

to several pairs staminate or neuter, the remainder of the sessile splkelets perfect, terete, Iong-awned, the pedicellate splkelets, like the lower, staminate,

flat, conspicuous, awnless; glumes of the fertile spikelet equal, coriaceous, the first brown-hirsute, infolding the second; lemmas thin and hyaline, the fertile

one narrow, extending into a strong bent and twisted brown awn; glumes of

the staminate spikelet membranaceous, the first green, faintly many nerved, asymmetric one submarginal keel rather broadly winged, the other wingless, the margins infiexed, the second glume narrower, symmetric. Annual or per- ennial, often robust grasses, with fiat blades and solitary racemes terminal on the culms and branches; rachis slender, the lower part, bearing the pairs of staminate splkelets, continuous, the remainder disarticulating obliquely at the base of each joint, the joint forming a sharp barbed callus below the fertile spikelet, the pedicellate spikelet readily falling. Species about seven, In the warmer regions of both hemispheres.

Plants perennial, 60 to 100 cm. tall; first glume of staminate spikelet pilose.

1. H. contortus.

Plants annual, 1.5 to 2.5 meters tall; first glume of staminate spikelet beset

with a row of glands along the back, not pilose 2. H. melanocarpus.

1. Heteropogon contortus (L.) Beam.; Roem. & Schult. Syst. Veg. 2: 836.

1817.

Andropogon contortus L. Sp. PI. 1045. 1753.

Branching perennial; culms compressed, 40 to 100 cm. tall; blades 2 to 4 mm. wide, scabrous; racemes solitary, excluding awns, 3 to 8 cm. long, some- what curved; splkelets imbricate, the lower awnless, the upper with long brown bent awns, 5 to 8 cm. long, red-brown. Lemon-scented when fresh,

Guatemala, Honduras, E! Salvador, Nicaragua; rocky slopes and cliffs.

Southwestern United States and the West Indies to Argentina and Bolivia; warmer parts of the Old World. Type from India.

2. Heteropogon melanocarpus (Ell.) Benth. Journ. Linn. Soc. Bot. 10: 71.

1882.

Andropogon melanocarpus Ell. Bot. S. C. & Ga. 1: 146. 1816.

Culms stout, often glaucous, the lower nodes often producing stilt-roots; blades as much as 1 cm. wide; racemes several, combined with the spa the s and upper leaves forming a rather dense inflorescence 20 to 30 cm. long; first glume of staminate spikelet 15 mm. long; mature fertile spikelet terete, dark brown, 6 to 7 mm. long with a sharp bearded callus about 2 mm. long; awn bispidulous 6 to 10 cm. long.

Nicaragua (Masaya) ; grassy slopes and open ground. Southern United

States and Mexico to Bolivia; also tropical regions of the Old World. Type from Georgia.

i HITCHCOCK—THE GRASSES OP CENTRAL AMERICA 697

107. TBACHYFOGOK Nees, Agrost. Bras. 341. 1829

8pikelets in pairs, along a slender continuous rachis, one nearly sessile, stami- na te, awnless, the other pedicellate, perfect, long-awned; the pedicel of the perfect spikelet obliquely disarticulating near the base, forming a sharp barbed callus below the spikelet; first glume flrin-membranaceous, rounded on the back, several-nerved, obtuse; second glume firm, obscurely nerved; fertile lemma narrow, extending into a stout twisted and bent or flexuous awn; sessile spikelet persistent, as large as the fertile spikelet and similar but awnless.

Perennial, moderately tall grasses, with terminal spikelike racemes, these single or clustered. Species about seven, Mexico to South America.

Racemes 2 or 3 1. T. plumosus.

Raceme solitary.

Awn 10 to 12 cm. long, conspicuously plumose 3. T. gouinii.

Awn shorter, appressed-plumose below, scabrous above 2. T. montufari.

1. Trachypogon plumosus (Humb. & Bonpl.) Nees, Agrost. Bras. 344. 1829.

Andropogort plumosus Humb. & Bonpl.; WiUd. Sp. PI. 4: 918. 1806.

Trachypogon polymorphus plumosus Hack, in Mart. Fl. Bras. 2*: 265. 1883.

Culms erect, glabrous, 1 to 1.5 meters; blades elongate, mostly 5 to 7 mm. wide; racemes 10 to 20 cm. long; awns mostly 4 to 7 cm. long, pilose.

British Honduras, El Salvador, Panama; dry plains and hills. Mexico to

Brazil and Bolivia. Type from Venezuela.

Used for thatching huts.

0, Trachypogon montufari (H, B. K.) Nees, Agrost. Bras. 342. 1829.

Andropogon montufari H. B. K. Nov. Gen. & Sp. 1: 184. 1816.

Similar to T. plumosus but often lower and more slender; foliage glabrous or scabrous; raceme solitary, 10 to 15 cm. long; glumes pubescent.

Guatemala, El Salvador, Costa Rica, Panama; dry plains and hills. South- western United States to Uruguay. Type from Ecuador.

2a. Trachypogon montufari mollis (Nees) Anderss. Of v. Svensk. Vet. Akad.

F8rh. 14: 49. 1857.

Trachypogon molHs Nees. Agrost. Bras. 343. 1829.

Foliage vlllous.

El Salvador, Costa Rica; grassy plains. Central America, Brazil, whence originally described, and Paraguay.

3. Trachypogon gouinii Fourn. Mex. PI. 2: 66. 1886.

Tall slender glabrous perennial, sparingly producing scaly rhizomes; culms

simple, usually geniculate below; * blades involute; raceme narrow, pale,

feathery, 15 to 30 cm. long.

Honduras (Puerto Cortez); sandy flats at low altitudes. Mexico, the type

I'rom Vera Cruz, Cuba, and Central America.

108. ELYOIHTSUS Humb. & Bonpl.; Willd. Sp. PL 4: 941. 1806

Spikelets in pairs along a somewhat tardily disarticulating rachis, the Joints

and pedicels thickened and parallel, the sessile splkelets appressed to the concave side, the pedicellate spikelet staminate, similar to the sessile one, both

awnless, the pair falling with a joint of the rachis; first glume Arm, somewhat

coriaceous, depressed on the back, the margins indexed around the second

glume, a line of balsam glands on the marginal nerves, the apex entire and

acute or acuminate, or bifid with aristate teeth; second glume similar to the

first; sterile and fertile lemmas thin and hyaline. Erect, moderately tall

perennials, with solitary spikelike, often woolly racemes. Species about 15, in

the warmer regions of both hemispheres. 698 CONTRIBUTIONS FROM THE NATIONAL HERBARIUM

1, Elyonurus tripsacoides Humb. & Bonpl.; Willd. Sp. Pi, 4: 941. 1806.

Erect glabrous bunchgrass about 1 meter tall; blades slender, flat or folded,

firm, 1 to 3 mm. wide; raceme 5 to 12 cm. long; sessile spikelets 5 to 8 mm.

long, glabrous on the back, the rachis and sterile pedicel pubescent or villous.

Guatemala, Panama; grassy plains and bills, southern United States and

Mexico to Argentina and Bolivia. Type from Venezuela.

la. Elyonurus tripsacoides ciliaiis Hack, in DC. Monogr. Phan. 6: 333. 1SS9.

Elyonurus ciliaris II. B. K. Nov. Gen, & Sp. 1: 193. 1816.

Spikelets pubescent on the back.

Guatemala, Panama, grassy plains and hills, Mexico to Venezuela, whence

the type.

109. ISCHAEMUM L. Sp. PI. 1049. 1753

Sessile spikelets perfect, awned; pedicellate spikelets perfect but not always

fruitful; rachis disjointing; racemes 2 to several, digitate or aggregate on a

short axis. Culms branching, with flat blades and digitate or flabellate in-

florescence with prominent awns. Species about 50, tropics of the Old

World, and 3 or 4 species in the American tropics,

Racemes several In a cluster at the apex of the culms 1. I. latifolium.

Racemes 2.

First glume strongly rugose across the back 2. I. rugosum.

First glume smooth across the back, longitudinally striate above_3. I. ciliare.

1. Ischaemum latifolium (Spreng.) Kunth, R6v, Gram. 1: 168. 1829.

Andropogon latifolius Sprang. Syst. Veg. 1: 286. 1825.

Spreading and straggling, branching, decumbent, rooting at the lower nodes;

blades glabrous, flat, oblong lanceolate, as much as 20 cm. long and 3 cm. wide;

racemes 5 to 15, 4 to 8 cm. long.

Guatemala, British Honduras, Honduras, Nicaragua, Costa Rica; moist shady places, Southern Mexico and the West Indies to Brazil and Ecuador,

Type from Martinique or Guadeloupe.

Sometimes utilized for fodder. "Carriclllo" (Guatemala).

2. Ischaemum rugosum Salisb. Icon. Stlrp. Bar. 1: pi. 1. 1791.

Branching annual; culms 0.5 to 1 meter tall; geniculate below; nodes bearded; blades flat, 8 to 12 mm. wide, sparsely pilose; racemes 5 to 10 cm. long, erect, so closely appressed to each other as often to appear like a single spike; spikelets 3 to 4 mm. long, obtuse, the awn about 1.5 cm. long.

Panama; old fields and waste land. Introduced from the Old World. Also

Cuba and Jamaica.

3. Ischaemum ciliare Retz. Obs. Bot. 6: 36 [26]. 1791.

Slender much-branched perennial with creeping rooting bases; fertile culms

30 to 60 cm. tall; blades flat, 3 to 10 cm. long, 4 to 8 mm, wide; racemes usually 2, 3 to 5 cm. long, green, finally spreading; spikelets about 4 mm. long; first glume broadly winged at the summit; awn 5 to 8 mm. long.

Panama; weed in lawns and open grassland. Introduced from the Old World.

Also British Guiana.

110. HACKEX.OCHLOA Kuntze, Rev. Gen. PI. 2: 776. 1891

(Rytilix Raf. Bull. Bot. Serlnge 1: 219, 1830. This name is rejected because it

was proposed without description, with the mention of two species (Manisuria

granularis and M. tnyurus), which are not congeneric, and was placed among

the sedges instead of among the grasses)

Spikelets awnless, in pairs, the rachls-joint and pedicel grown together, the two clasped between the edges of the globose alveolate first glume of the sessile spikelet; pedicellate spikelet conspicuous, staminate. I

/ i

HITCHCOCK—THE GRASSES OF CENTRAL AMERICA 699

1. Hackelochloa granularis (L.) Kuntze, Rev. Gen. PL 776, 1891.

Cenchrus granularis L. Mant. PI. 575. 1771.

Manisuris granularis Swartz, Prodr. Veg. Ind. Occ. 25. 1788.

RytMx granularis Skeels, U. S. Dept. Agr. Bur. PI. Ind. Bull. 282: 20. 1913.

Coarsely hispid, freely branching annual; culms 30 to 100 cm. tall; blades

flat, mostly lesa than 10 cm long, 5 to 10 mm. wide; racemes terminal and

axillary, 1 to 2.5 cm. long.

Guatemala, British Honduras, Honduras, El Salvador, Nicaragua, Costa Rica,

Panama; fields and waste places. Introduced from the Old World. Through-

out tropical America and into the southern part of the United States.

111. BOTTBOELLIA L. f. Nov. Gram. Gen. 22. pi. 1. 1779; Amoen. Acad. 10:

22. 1790. A conserved name

(Manisuris L. Mant PL 164. 1771)

Spikelets awnless, in pairs at the nodes of a thickened articulate rachis, one

sessile and fertile, the other pedicellate and sterile, the pedicel thickened

and appressed to the rachis, the sessile spikelet fitting closely against the

rachis, forming a cylindric or subcyllndric spike; glumes obtuse, the first

coriaceous, fitting over the hollow containing the spikelet, the second less

coriaceous than the first; sterile lemma, fertile lemma, and palea thin and

hyaline, inclosed within the glumes; pedicellate spikelet reduced, often

rudimentary. Slender perennials; with usually numerous smooth cylindric

or flattened spikes, solitary on the culms and branches. Species about 30, in

the warm regions of both hemispheres.

Racemes compressed, tardily disarticulating- 1. B» fasciculata.

Racemes cylindric or nearly so, readily disarticulating 2. R. aurita.

1. Bottboellia fasciculata. Lam. Tabl. Encycl. 1: 204. 1791.

Hemarthria fasciculata Kunth, R6v. Gram. 1: 153. 1829.

Bottboellia compressa fasciculata Hack, in DC. Monogr. Phan. 6 : 286. 1889.

Manisuris fasciculata Hitchc. Amer. Journ. Bot. 2: 299. 1915.

Erect or spreading slender glabrous perennial; culms compressed, 0.5 to 1

meter tall; blades flat or folded, 2 to 5 mm. wide; racemes 5 to 10 cm. long,

falcate, from several of the upper sheaths.

El Salvador; shallow water, ditches, and moist ground. An Old World species

introduced into the American tropics. Mexico and Jamaica to Argentina and

Bolivia.

Bottboellia compressa L. f., of tropical Asia, differs in having more slender

racemes and smaller spikelets 4 to 4.5 mm. long, the first glume rounded or acute

but scarcely acuminate.

2. Bottboellia aurita Steud. Syn. PI. Glum. 1: 361. 1854.

Manisuris aurita Hitchc. & Chase, Contr. U. S. Nat. Herb. 18: 276. 1917.

Erect glabrous perennial 1 to 1.5 meters tall; blades flat or folded, 4 to 8 mm.

wide; racemes mostly 5 to 10 cm. long, included at base In the upper sheaths or

exserted; sessile spikelets 4 mm. long, the first glume smooth or Indistinctly

pitted.

Costa Rica. Panama; marshes and savannas. Central America to Argentina

and Bolivia. Type from Brazil.

2a. Bottboellia aurita stigmosa Hack, in DC. Monogr. Phan. 6: 311. 1889.

Rottboellia stigmosa Trln.; Bupr. Bull. Acad. Sci. Brux. 9 *: 243. 1844, nomen

nudum.

Bottboellia ramosa Benth.; Hemsl. Biol. Centr, Amer. Bot. 3: 621. 1885. Not

R. ramosa Cav. 1801. 700 CONTRIBUTIONS PROM THE NATIONAL HERBARIUM

Ajtogonia ramosa Fourn. Mex. PI. 2: 63. 1886.

Coelorachis ramosa Nash, N. Amer, Fl. 17: 86. 1909.

Manisuris ramosa Hitchc. Proc. Biol. Soc. Washington 40: 88. 1927.

Sessile spikelets 5 mm. long, the first glume distinctly punctate with 4 or 0

rows of small pits.

Guatemala, (Dept. Izabel); marshes, low ground, and ditches. Mexico,

whence the type, to Colombia.

112. TfflPSACTTM L. Syst. Nat. ed. 10. 2: 1261. 1759

Spikelets unisexual; staminate spikelets 2-flowered, In pairs on one side of a

continuous raehis, one sessile, the other sessile or pedicellate, similar to those of

Zea, the glumes firmer; pistillate spikelets single and on opposite sides at each joint of the thick, hard articulate lower part of the same raehis, sunken in hollows in the Joints, consisting of one perfect floret and a sterile lemma; first glume coriaceous, nearly infolding the spikelet, fitting into and closing the hollow

of the raehis; second glume similar to the first but smaller, infolding the re- mainder of the spikelet; sterile lemma, fertile lemma, and pa lea very thin and hyaline, these progressively smaller. Robust perennial grasses, with usually broad flat blades and monoecious terminal and axillary inflorescences of 1 to

several racemes, the pistillate part below, breaking up into bony, seedlike joints,

the staminate above on the same raehis, deciduous as a whole. Species about seven, all American, extending from the middle United States to northern

South America.

Blades mostly 1 to 2 cm. wide 1. T. dactyloides.

Blades mostly 3 to 6 cm. wide.

Staminate inflorescence close, both spikelets of each pair nearly sessile,

abruptly rounded or obtuse at the summit, about 0 mm. long

2. T. latifolium.

Staminate inflorescence rather loose, spikelets rather soft, narrowed above into

a short point, one of each pair nearly sessile, the other with a pedicel 1

to 3 mm. long.

Sheaths glabrous 3. T. laxum.

Sheaths papillose hispid 4. T. pilosum.

1. Tripsacum dactyloides (L.) L. Syst. Nat. ed. 10. 2: 1261. 1759.

Goix dactyloides L. Sp. PI. 972. 1753.

CespIto.se, 1 to 3 meters tall, from very stout short rhizomes; sheaths glab- rous ; blades smooth or scabrous; lateral and sometimes terminal racemes solitary.

Guatemala (Dept. Quezaltenango); Panama (Balboa), open grassland; east- ern United States, Mexico, and the West Indies to Paraguay and Bolivia. Type from "America."

2. Tripsacum latifolium Hitchc. Bot. Gaz, 41: 294. 1906.

Culms 2 to 4 meters tall, 2 to 3 cm. thick at base; blades as much as 70 cm. long, or the lower as much as 140 cm. and gradually narrowed at base, 2.5 to 6 cm. wide, glabrous or hlspidulous; racemes 1 or 2 more slender than in

T. dactyloides.

Guatemala (type from Cubilquitz), Honduras, Nicaragua; rocky slopes, es- pecially In canyons. Western Mexico and Central America.

The tall stout stems and broad flat blades give the aspect of maize. Some- times called teosinte which name should be reserved for Euchlaenu mexicana.

3. Tripsacum laxum Nash, N. Amer. Fl. 17: 81. 1909.

Tripsacum fasoiculatum Trin.; Asehers. Bot, Zeit. 35 : 525. 1877. Not T.

fasciculatum Rasp. 1825. HITCHCOCK—THE GRASSES OF CENTRAL AMERICA 701

Culms stout, as much as 5 meters tall end 2.5 cm. thick at base; sheaths

glabrous; blades glabrous or more or less hispidulous, as much as 0 cm. wide;

racemes slender, few to 10 or 12.

Guatemala, Honduras, El Salvador, Costa Rica; grassy slopes. Mexico,

whence the type, to Colombia.

Sometimes cultivated for forage and incorrectly called teoslnte or perennial

teosinte and maicillo.

4. Tripsacum pilosum Scribn. & Men. U, S. Dept. Agr. Div. Agrost. Bull. 24:

6. f, 1.1601.

Resembles T. laxum but the sheaths papillose-hispid.

Guatemala (Dept. Huehuetenango). Also Mexico, the type from Jalisco.

113. COIX L. Sp. PI. 072. 1753

Spikelets unisexual; staminate spikelets 2-flowered, in twos or threes on

the continuous rachis, the normal group consisting of a pair of sessile spikelets

with a single pedicellate spikelet between, the latter sometimes reduced to a pedicel or wanting; glumes membranaceous, obscurely nerved; pistillate spike- lets 3 together, 1 fertile and 2 sterile, inclosed In an oval, pearly white or drab, beadlike, very hard, tardily deciduous involucre (much modified sheathing

bract), the peduncle of the staminate portion of the inflorescence protruding

through the orifice at the apex.

Tall branched grasses with broad flat blades, the monoecious Inflorescences numerous on long, stout, peduncles, these clustered in the axils of the leaves.

Species about four, one widely distributed in tropical countries, the others in

the East Indies.

1. Coil lacryma-jobi L. Sp. PI. 972, 1753. Jobs-teabs

Freely branching, 1 meter or more tall, the cordate, clasping blades 2 to 3 cm.

broad, the " beads" 8 to 10 mm. long. The seeds are used for necklaces and for other ornamental purposes. Christ's tears; camandula; lfigrimas de Job; l&grimas de San Pedro; zacate de perla.

Guatemala, Honduras, El Salvador, Costa it lea, Panama; waste places,

ditches, and open ground, especially near dwellings. Originally from the tropics of the Old World, now cultivated and escaped throughout the American tropics.

114. EUCHLAENA Schrad. Ind. Sem. Hort. Goettingen 1832*

Staminate inflorescence as in Zea; pistillate spikelets single, on opposite sides

and sunken in cavities in the hardened joints of an obliquely articulate rachis, the indurate first glume covering the cavity; second glume membranaceous, the lemmas hyaline; spikes Infolded in foliaceous bracts or husks, 2 to several of these together inclosed in the leaf sheaths. Tall broad-leaved grasses with the aspect of maize (Zea mays). Species 2, Mexico.

1. Euchlaena mexicana Schrad. Ind. Sem. Hort. Goettingen 1832 {Linnaea 8:

Litt. 25. 1833). Tbosintk

Reana luxiirtans Durieu, Bull. Soc. Acclim. II. 9 : 581. 1872.

Euchlaena luxurians Durieu & Aschers. Bull, Soc. Linn. Paris 1: 107. 1877.

Culms tufted, 1 to 3 meters tall; blades about as in Zea mays; "seeds" or hardened joints of the pistillate rachis triangular or trapezoidal, smooth

and bony, whitish. A tall annual with somewhat the aspect of maize (Zea

mays). This is occasionally cultivated for forage in the southern United

States, and rarely in Central America, under the name teosinte.

'See also Hitchcock, Journ. Washington Acad. Sci. 10: 205. 1922. i rt- . 702 CONTRIBUTIONS FROM THE NATIONAL HERBARIUM

This species is of special interest because of its close relationship to maize,

a species which has never been found growing in the wild state and the origin of which is not known. Collins * is of the opinion that maize is a hybrid between teosinte and an unknown or extinct species resembling pod-corn. A perennial species of teoslnte {E. perenni* Hltchc.) occurs in Mexico.

115. ZEA L. Sp. PI. 971. 1753

Spikelets unisexual; stamlnate spikelets 2-flowered, in pairs, on one side of a continuous racliis, one nearly sessile, the other pedicellate; glumes mem- branaceous, acute; pistillate spikelets sessile, in pairs, consisting of one fertile floret and one sterile floret, the latter sometimes developed as a second fertile floret; glumes broad, rounded or emarginate at apex; sterile lemma similar to

the fertile, the palea present; style very long and slender, stigma tic along both sides well toward the base. Tall annual, with broad, conspicuously dis- tichous blades, monoecious inflorescences, the stamina te flowers in spike-like

racemes, these numerous, forming large spreading panicles (tassels) terminat- ing the stems, the pistillate inflorescence in the axils of the leaves, the spike- lets in 8 to 16 or even as many as 30 rows on a thickened, almost woody axis

(cob), the whole inclosed in numerous large foliaceous bracts (husks), the long styles (silk) protruding from the top as a silky mass of threads. Only one species in numerous varieties. The original wild form is unknown but was probably a native of the Mexican or Central American highlands. (See note under EucfUaena.) Now commonly cultivated throughout warm and tem- perate regions. Corn, maize, or mais.

1. Zea mays L. Sp. PI. 971. 1753. Mat™

Culms 1 to 3 meters tall; blades as much as 10 cm. wide, recurved; stamlnate racemes 10 to 15 cm. long, the central erect, the lateral drooping; pistillate

Inflorescence or ear and the grains or kernels variable according to the variety.

Note.—Specimens of Sporobolus buckleyi Vasey (Lundell 359) and Ichnanthua lanceolatus Scrlbn. & Smith (TAtndell 566), collected at Honey Camp, British

Honduras, were received too late to permit including these species In the text.

* Origin of Maize. Journ. Washington A cad. Scl. 0: 520. 1912, RECENT PUBLICATIONS USEFUL IN THE STUDY OF CENTRAL

AMERICAN GRASSES

FotfBiUEB. Mex. PI. 2: 1-160. 1886.

Hack el. Andropogoneae. DC. Monogr. Phan. 6: 1-716. 1889.

The true grasses. Translated by Scribner and Southworth. 1800.

BmAL. Grasses of North America. 1896.

Chase. Notes on genera of Paniceae. Proc. Biol. Soc, Washington. I. 19:

183-192. 1906; II. 21: 1-10. 1908; III. 21: 175-188. 1008 ; 24: 103-100.

1911.

Hitchcock. Mexican grasses in the U. S. National Herbarium. Contr. U. S.

Nat. Herb. 17: 181-389. 1913.

Hitchcock and Chabe. Grasses of the West Indies. Contr. U. S. Nat. Herb.

18: 261-471. 1917.

Hitchcock. The genera of grasses of the United States. U. S. Dept. Agr. Bull.

772: 1-307. 1920.

Grasses of British Guiana. Contr. U. S. Nat. Herb. 22: 439-615. 1922.

The grasses of Ecuador, Peru, and Bolivia. Contr. U. S. Nat. Herb.

24: 291-556. 1927.

BH01TDS

Sheab. Notes on Fournier's Mexican species and varieties of Bromus. Bull.

Torrey Club 28: 242-246. 1901.

rBSTUCA

Pipeb. North American species of Festuca. Contr. U. S. Nat. Herb. 10: 1-48.

1906.

agbostis

Hitchcock. North American species of Agrostts. U. S. Dept. Agr. Bur. PL

Ind. Bull. 68: 1-68. 1905.

8TEPA

Hitchcock. The North American species of Stipa. Contr. U. S. Nat. Herb,

24: 215-262. 1925.

ABISTIDA

Hitchcock. The North American species of Aristida. Contr. U. 3. Nat. Herb.

22: 517-586. 1924.

LEPTOCHLOA

Hitchcock. North American species of Leptochloa. 13* S. Dept. Agr. Bur. Pi.

Ind. Bull. 33: 1-24. 1903.

BPABTINA

MmTtTTT. The North American species of Spartina. U. S. Dept. Agr. Bur. PL

Ind. Bull. 9: 1-16. 1902.

703 704 CONTRIBUTIONS FROM THE NATIONAL HERBARIUM

BOUTELOUA

Griffiths. The grama grasses. Contr. U. S. Nat. Herb. 14: 343-428.1912.

BRACHIAB1A

Chase. The North American species of Brachiaria. Contr. U. S. Nat. Herb.

22: 33-43. 1920.

PASPALUM

Chase. The North American species of Paspalum. Contr. U, S. Nat. Herb.

28:1-310. 1929.

PANICUM

Hitchcock and Chase. The North American species of Panicum. Contr. U. S.

Nat. Herb. 15: 1-396. 1910.

, Tropical North American species of Panicum. Contr. U. S. Nat. Herb.

17 : 459-539. 1915.

JCH X ANTHUS

Hitchcock. The North American species of Ichnanthus. Contr. U. S. Nat.

Herb. 22: 1-12. 1920.

LASIACIS

Hitchcock. The North American species of Laslacis. Contr. U. S. Nut. Herb.

22: 13-31. 1920.

I8ACHNE

Hitchcock. The North American species of Isacbne. Contr. U. S. Nat. Herb.

22: 115-121. 1920.

OPLISMENUS

Hitchcock. The North American species of Opllsmenus. Contr. U. S. Nat

Herb. 22: 123-132. 1920.

echinochloa

Hitchcock. The North American species of Echinochloa. Contr. U. S. Nat,

Herb. 22: 133-153. 1920.

SETARIA [CHAETOCHLOA]

Hitchcock. The North American species of Chaetochloa. Contr. U. S. Nat.

Herb. 22: 155-208. 1920.

Scbibneb and Merrtll. The North American species of Chaetochloa. U. S.

Dept. Agr. Div. Agrost Bull. 21: 1-44. 1900.

PENNTSETUM

Chase. The North American species of Pennisetum. Contr. U. S. Nat Herb.

22: 209-234. 1921.

CENCHBUS

Chase. The North American species of Cenchrus. Contr. XL S. Nat. Herb. 22:

45-77. 1920. NEW SPECIES AND NEW NAME

Pas*

Hierochloe mexicana (Rupr.) Bentb 614

Ataxia mexicana Rupr.

Ichnanthus standleyi Hitchc 632

705 INDEX TO NUMBERED SPECIMENS FROM CENTRAL AMERICA IN THE

U. S. NATIONAL HERBARIUM

AMES. QB. NAT. HERB.*

8. Fanicum molle. 599. Isachne polygouoides.

31. Panicum cayennense. 622. Cenchrus viridis.

37. Panicum hirsutum. 624. Olyra latlfolia.

38. Panicum maximum. 680. Leptochloa virgata.

58. Panicum polygonatum. 713. Setaria paniculifera.

62. Panicum stoloniferum. 728. Setaria vulpiseta.

63. Panicum pulchellum. 741. Aristida jorullensis.

76. Panicum megiston. 742. Aristida jorullensis.

204. Panicum chloroticum. 743. Aristida jorullensis.

209. Panicum trichanthum. 900. Jouvea pilosa.

227. Panicum zizanioides.

Bakkb, C. P. 237. Ischaemum rugosum.

245. Andropogon angustatus. 586. Eleusine indlca.

246. Andropogon bicornis. 587. Eragrostis maypurensis. 248. Andropogon brevifolius. 2012. Paspalum conjugatum. 253. Diectomis faetigiata. 2053. Panicum barbinode. 259. Andropogon semiberbis. 2068. Eragrostis ciliaris. 262. Andropogon leucostachyus. 2072, Jouvea pilosa. 269. Andropogon selloanus. 2105. Lasiacis ruscifolia. 305. Hymenachne donacifolia. 2146. Eragrostis ciliaris. 306. Homolepis aturensia 2319. Bouteloua repens. 379. Bouteloua americana. 2454 Lasiacis scabrior. 406. Ichnanthus pallens.

407. Ichnanthus pallens. Blake, S. F.

408. Ichnanthus tenuis. 7276. Cenchrus echinatus. 412, Lasiacis oaxacensis. 7289. Eragrostis ciliaris. 416. Lasiacis sorghoidea. 7291. Echinochloa crusgalli crus - pa- 417. Lasiacis sorghoidea. vonis. 421. Oplismenus burmanni. 7293. Eleusine indica. 424. Oplismenus hlrtellua. 7298. Dactyloctenium aecyptium. 454. Orthoclada laxa. 7299. Leptochloa flliformls. 507. Panicum altum. 7304. Eragrostis hypnoidcs. 508. Panicum stenodoides. 7326. Panicum laxum. 509. Panicum milleflorum. 7326A. Panicum hirticaule. 513. Panicum haenkeanum. 7389. Panicum trichanthum. 544. Panicum stagnatile. 7393. Psoudechinolaena polystachya. 545. Panicum grande. 7412. Panicum olivaceum. 581. Ichnanthus tenuis. 7414. Andropogon saccharoides lagu-

roides. 'American grasses from the United

7424. Axonopus blakei. States National Herbarium, Smith- sonian Institution, distributed by the 7436. Panicum olivaceum.

Systematic Agrostologist, United 7437. Panicum aciculare.

States Department of Agriculture. 7439. Setaria geniculata.

706 HITCHCOCK—THE GRASSES OF CENTRAL, AMERICA

Blake, S. V.—Continued Blakk, S. F.—Continued

7444. Leptocoryphium lanatum. 7761. Panicum olivaceum.

7445. Paspalum pec Una turn. 7762. Panicum olivaceum.

7456. Panicum olivaceum. 7766. Axonopus purpusii.

7457. Panicum oiivaceum. 7767. Axonopus purpusii.

7458. Panicum arenicoioides. 7768. Trachypogon montufari.

7462. Panicum sellowil. 7769. Andropogon condensatus.

7512. Panicum pulchellum. 7770. Setaria geniculata.

7570. Andropogon glomeratus. 7780. Panicum olivaceum.

7571. Andropogon hypogynus. 7785. Aristida liebmanni.

7572. Trachypogon montufari. 7794. Trachypogn montufari.

7573. Trachypogon montufari. 7798. Isaehne arundinacea.

7579. Trachypogon montufari. 7799. Paspalum caespitosum.

7584. Setaria geniculata. 7812. Paspalum decumbens.

7586. Rottboellia ramosa. 7813. Ichnanthus pallens.

7593. Digitaria horizontalis. 7815. Paspalum caespitosum.

7598. Homolepis aturensis. 7817. Panicum olivaceum.

7604. Andropogon leucostachyus. 7824. Panicum polygonatum.

7605. Axonopus purpusii. 7829. Cynodon dactylon.

7610. Andropogon leucostachyus. 7830. Eragrostls hypnoides.

7611. Axonopus blakei. 7833. Paspalum vagina turn.

7612. Paspalum pulchellum. 7834. Paspalum decumbens.

7613. Trachypogon montufari. 7835. Panicum pilosum.

7615. Leptocoryphium lanatum. 7836. Lasiacis procerrima.

7624 Eriochrysis cayennensis. 7846. Panicum geminatum.

7626. Cynodon dactylon.

7627. Paspalum paniculatum. Caldeb6it, Salvadob.

7628. Andropogon glomeratus. 28. Eleusine indlca. 7629. Panicum maximum. 29. Eleusine indlca. 7630. Andropogon bicornis. 67. Lasiacis ruscifolia. 7631. Homolepis aturensis.

486. Paspalum costaricense. 7652. Ischaemum latifolium.

488. Coix lachryma-jobi. 7658. Axonopus blakei. 490. Panicum tricholdes, 7666. Paspalum pulchellum.

491. Olyra latifolia, 7674. Paspalum conjugatum.

492. Paspalum plicatulum, 7702. Paspalum paniculatum.

493. Pennisetum bambusiforme. 7703. Panicum laxum.

494. Pereilema crinitum. 7704. Digitaria sanguinalis.

495. Eragrostis amabllis. 7705. Digitaria horizontal is.

496. Eragrostls ciliaris. 7706. Paspalum conjugatum.

497. Muhlenbergia tenella. 7711. Panicum pilosum.

7721. Lasiacis sorghoidea. 498. Cynodon dactylon.

7736. Arundinella deppeana. 499. Andropogon condensatus.

7739. Panicum olivaceum. 500. Sporobolus elongatus.

7742. Thrasya campylostachya. 502. Arundlnella deppeana.

7744. Paspalum minus. 503. Pennisetum complanatum.

7745. Eragrostis maypurensis, 504. Diectomis fastiglata.

7746. Paspalum plicatulum. 505. Opiismenus burmanni.

7747. Andropogon condensatus, 506. Andropogon brevifolius.

7748. Axonopus purpusii. 507. Lasiacis oaxacensls.

7749. Panicum stenodes. 508. Lasiacis divarlcata.

7759. Lasciacls divaricata. 509. Lasiacis sorghoidea. 708 CONTRIBUTIONS FBOM THE NATIONAL HERBARIUM

Caldeb6n, SALVADOR—Continued Caldeb6n, SALVADOR—Continued

510. Lasiacis ruscifolia. 1156. Cymbopogon citratus.

511. Sorghum vulgare. 1160. Axonopus compressus.

512. Sorghum vulgare. 1163. Panicum fasciculatum.

513. Chusquea simpliciflora. 1168. Setaria vulpiseta.

514. Andropogon cendensatus. 1233. Chusquea simpliciflora.

542. Phalarls arundinaeea picta. 1309. Saccharum officinarum.

645. Paspalum paniculatum. 1323. Coix lacryma-jobi.

647. Sorghum vulgare sudanense. 1324. Lasiacis oaxacensis.

648. Chloris gayana. 1325. Chloris gayana.

694. Sorghum halepense. 1326. Trachypogon plumosus.

715. Bambusa vulgaris. 1327. Trachypogon montufari mollla,

716. Bambusa vulgaris. 1332. Tripsacum laxum.

795. Panicum sellowli. 1333. Paspalum paniculatum.

798. Panicum sonorum. 1334. Bouteloua alamosana.

799. Axonopus scoparius. 1347. Cenchrus echinatus.

830. Axonopus compressus. 1363. Chusquea serrulata.

831. Aristida ternipes. 1372. Arthrostylidium racemiflorum,

849. Lasiacis procerrima. 1374. Coix lacryma-jobi.

861. Lasiacis ruscifolia. 1375. Chusquea simpliciflora.

864. Cenchrus viridis. 1437. Oplismenus hirtellus.

865. Panicum fasciculatum. 1438. Melinis minutiflora.

866. Trichachne insularis. 1439. Sorghastrum incompletum.

868. Brachiarla plantagtnea, 1466. Eragrostis glomerata.

869. Paspalum virgatum. 1616. Vetiveria zizanioides.

870. Panicum maximum. 1689. Oryza latifolia.

941. Olyra latifolia. 1690. Paspalum virgatum.

944. Paspalum adoperiens. 1693. Sorghum vulgare.

945. Paspalum conjugatum pubes- 1769. Setaria longipila.

cent. 1770. Vetiveria zizanioides.

948. Anthephora hermaphrodite. 1774. Paspalum langei.

949. Gymnopogon aristiglumia. 1795. Panicum fasciculatum.

950. Andropogon condensatua. 1808. Panicum schiffneri.

1047. Olyra latifolia. 1875. Panicum barbinode.

1049. Pennisetum vulcanicum. 1876. Hymenachne amplexicaulls.

Andropogon saccharoides. 1877. Aristida artzonica.

1050. Pennisetum setosum. 1879. Paspalum repens.

1052. Heteropogon contortus. 1880. Panicum polygonatum.

1054. Aristida implexa. 1881. Paspalum fasciculatum.

1057. Leptochloa flliformis. 1882. Ixophorus unisetus.

1058. Panicum laxum. 1883. Tripsacum laxum.

1059. Dactyloctenium aegyptium. 1884. Hyparrhenia rufa.

1100. Andropogon bicornis. 1898. Eragrostis maypurensis.

1112. Panicum molle. 1900. Eragrostis viscosa.

1118. Gynerium sagittatum. 1902. Perellema crinitum,

1145. Panicum maximum. 1907. Lasiacis ruscifolia.

1150. Paspalum fasciculatum. 1909. Pennisetum ciliare.

1151. Paspalum fasciculatum. 1924. Gymnopogon aristiglumis.

1152. Paspalum humboldtlanum, 1925. Pennisetum ciliare.

1158. Digitaria hirtiglumis. 1927. Aristida jorullensls .

1154. Paspalum virgatum. 1931. Eragrostis maypurensis.

1155. Arundo donax. 1946. Panicum laxum. I f

HITCHCOCK—THE GRASSES OP CENTRAL AMERICA 709

Caldeb6n, SALVADOR—Continued Caldeb6n, Salvador—Continued

1964. Pereilema crmitum. 647. Trachypogon goulni.

2014. Setaria tenacisslma. 649. Lasiacls procerrima.

2026. Aristlda ternipcs. Celestine, Beotheb. 2029. Diectomls fastiglata.

2043. Panicum barbinode. 14. Echinochloa colonum.

2046. Pennisetum purpureum. 18. Echinochloa crusgalli crus-

2049. Aristida jorullensis. pavonis.

2051. Ichnanthus pa liens. 21. Eragrostis amabllis.

2059. Eragrostis viscosa, 22. Chloris inflata.

2063. Setaria paniculifera. 23. Digitaria sangulnalis.

2064. Sorghum vulgare. 25. Eleusine indica.

2072. Gymnopogon aristiglumis. 27. Cenchrus echinatus.

2097. Leptochloa virgata. 47. Lasiacls rusclfoHa.

2090. Cenchrus pilosus. 63. Laslacis sorghoidea.

2182. Panicum laxum. 78. Eleusine indica.

2218. Imperata contracta. 81. Andropogon condensatus.

2265. Saccharum offlcinaram. 83. Oplismenus burmanni.

2272. Paspalum stellaturn. 84. Panicum trichoides.

2289. Andropogon perforatus. 87. Setaria tenax.

2290. Imperata brasiliensis.

2336. Euchltena mexicana. Collins, G. N., and Goll, G. P.

04. Setaria geniculata. Cableton, M. A. 05. Paspalum conjugatum.

06. Paspalum panlculatum. 18. Oplismenus burmanni. 07. Axonopus compressus. Panicum fascicul&tum.

08. Panicum polygonatum. 29. Eragrostis tephrosanthos. 09. Setaria paniculifera. 30. Setaria geniculata. 010. Digitaria horizontalis. 37. Setaria vulpiseta. 011. Ichnanthus pallens, 38. Panicum frondescens. 012. Andropogon bicornis. 69. Panicum laxum.

69a. Panicum polygonatum. Cook, O. P., and Assistants. 88. Panicum hirsutum.

130. Panicum trichoides. 35. Epicampes macroura.

137. Orthoclada laxa. 58. Axonopus polophyllus.

164. Digitaria horizontalis. 60. Epicampes emersleyl.

166. Laslacis oaxacensls. 82. Hackelochloa granularis.

171. Paspalum conjugatum. 116. Olyra yucatana.

181. Orthoclada laxa. 119. Lasiacls procerrima.

182. Paspalum panlculatum. 138. Lasiacls divarlcata.

190. Leptochlea vlrgata. 225. Oplismenus hirtellus.

191. Panicum trichoides. 284. Panicum pulchellum.

196. Pharus latifollus. 289. Thrasya campylostachya.

216. Arundinella berteronlana. 296. Digitaria horizontalis.

220. Eragrostis ciliarls. 306. Arundinella deppeana.

445. Olyra latifolia. 324. Paspalum conjugatum,

338. Isachne arundinacea. 499. Pharus latifollus,

528. Stenotaphrum secundatum. 431. Paspalum orbiculatum.

565. Digitaria horizontalis. 446. Eragrostis hypnoldes.

462. Paspalum conjugatum pubefr* 570. Pseudechinolaena polystachyn.

623. Homolepis ateurensls. cens. 710 CONTRIBUTIONS FROM THE NATIONAL HERBARIUM

Cook, O. F., and Assistants—Con. Fbndleb, A.

499. Panicum pilosum, 362. Stenotaphrum secundatum.

530. Panicum polygonatum. 363. Oplismenus burmanni.

579. Panicum maximum. 365. Echinochloa crusgalli crus-pa-

659. Setaria geniculata. vonls.

€60. Digitarla horizontals. 367. Dactyloctenlum aegyptlum.

684. Sorghum halepense. 368. Panicum pilosum.

691. Arundinella berteronlana. 370. Homolepis aturensis.

725. Arthrostylidium racemiflorum. 371. Laslacis sorghoidea.

373. Ichnanthus tenuis. COOPEB, J. J.1 380. Orthocjada laxa.

63. Chloris orthonoton. 381. Guadua aculeata.

64. Muhlenbergia Implicata.

Gaumer, G. F. 75. Paspalum candidum.

144. Echinochloa crusgalll crus- 72. Digitarla horizontals. pavonis. 100. Digitarla horizontal is.

156. Setaria geniculata. 101. Eieuslne Indica.

168. Oplismenus hirtellus. 115. Setaria geniculata.

5991. Ichnanthus pallens. 136. Oplismenus hirtellus.

5992. Echinochloa crusgalli crus-

pavonis. Goix, G. P.

6993. Setaria geniculata. 11. Panicum pilosum, 5994. Oplismenus hirtellus. 24. Laslacis divaricate. 5995. Paspalum candidum. 35A. Panicum elephant Ipes. 6996. Muhlenbergia implicata. 36A. Hymenachne amplexicaulls. 6997. Ckloris orthonoton. 43. Laslacis procerrima. 6998. Laslacis sorgho idea. 44. Tripsacum latifolium.

Deau, C. C. 45. Homolepis aturensis.

78. Paspalum microstachyum. 80. Paspalum panlculatum. 79. Paspalum panlculatum. 86. Andropogon brevifolius. 80. Setaria scandens. 419. Trichachne insularis. Paspalum botterii. 420. Bragroetis dliaris. 81. Panicum fasciculatum. 422. Setaria geniculata. , Paspalum pllcatulum. 424. Panicum trichanthum. 96. Oplismenus hirtellus. 6038. Paspalum orbiculatum. 178. Ichnanthus pallens. 6041. Panicum tricholdes.

256. Arundinella deppeana. 6078. Arthrostylidium pittierl. 258. Andropogon condensatus. 6087. Trichachne insu,larls.

6132. Bouteloua flliformis. Hart, J.

6133. Arlstida ternipes,

6138. Leersia hexandra. 65. Paspalum panlculatum.

6143. Panicum molle. 66. Chloris radiata.

6168. Aegopogon cenchroides. 67. Leptochloa virgata.

6168. Setaria geniculata. 69. Ichnanthus pallens.

6205. Paspalum notatum. 71. Orthoclada laxa.

6267. Panicum fasciculatum. 72. Ichnanthus pallens.

6268. Panicum maximum. 73. Panicum polygonatum.

6322. Echinochloa colonum. 74. Oplismenus burmanni.

76. Leptochloa virgata.

*In part distributed by J. Donnell 77. Pharus latlfollus.

Smith. 78. Panicum fasciculatum. HITCHCOCK—THE GRASSES OP CENTRAL. AMERICA 711

Habt, J.—Continued HKBR INST. FIS.-GBOGB. COBTABIO—Con.

81. Paspalum conjugatum pubes- 765. Setarla geniculata.

cens. 766. Sporobolus elongatus.

83. Oplismenus hirtellus. 767. Eleusine indica.

86. Panicum laxum. 769. Chloris orthonoton.

87. Panicum trichanthum. 770. Eragrostis limbata.

88. Paspalum paniculatum, 771. Eragrostis citiaris.

89. Ichnanthus pallens. 775. Muhlenbergia tenella.

91. Eragrostis tephrosanthos. 786. Muhlenbergia diversiglumis.

92. Paspalum orbiculatum. 787. Polypogon elongatus.

93. Eleusiue indica. 855. Agrostis turrialbae.

180. Paspalum decumbens. 1119. Eragrostis tephrosanthos.

183. Stenotaphrum secundatum. 1137. Cenchrus yiridis.

1182. Panicum polygonatum. Herb. Inbt. Fis.-Geogb. Costabxo* 1183. Panicum polygonatum.

15. Paspalum decumbens. Paspalum orb'eulatum.

33. Muhlenbergia tenella. 1244. Panicum viscidellum.

81. Laslacis sorgho idea. 1294. Chloris orthonoton.

98. Laslacis sorgho idea. 1295. Eragrostis ciliaris.

196. Agrostis tolucensis. 1346. Icbnanthus nemorosus.

220. Paspalum fasclculatum. 1380. Eragrostis limbata.

224. Eleusine indica. 1383. Leersia hexandra.

230. Poa annua. 1480. Leersia hexandra.

253. Axonopus compressus. 1481. Oplismenus burmanni.

267. Paspalum paniculatum. 1482. Panicum puichellum.

306. Paspalum distichum. 1612. Oplismenus burmanni.

Paspalum notatum. 1613. Aristida capillacea.

334. Agrostis pittieri. 1614. Pennisetum setosum.

362. Paspalum microstachyum. 1615. Laslacis divaricata.

380. Dlgitaria sanguinalis. 1616. Laslacis rhizophora.

382. Echinochloa crusgalli crus-pa- 1617. Zeugites pittieri.

vonis. 1618. Oplismenus hirtellus.

383. Sorghum vulgare. 1678. Oplismenus burmanni.

413. Hymenacbne amplexicaulis. 1692. Muhlenbergia diversiglumis.

461. Setarla geniculata. 1759. Pereilema crinitum.

470. Setarla paniculifera. 1811. Oplismenus burmanni.

507. Paspalum elavuliferum. 1971. Leptocoryphium lanatum.

508. Axonopus capillaris, 2034. Panicum maximum.

509. Digitaria sanguinalis. 2035. Panicum fasclculatum.

511. Sporobolus ciliatus. Hackeloehloa granularis.

513. Aristida jorullensis. 2195. Arundlnella deppeaua.

544. Muhlenbergia tenella. 2246. Euchlaena mexicana.

571. Laslacis sorgboidea. 2247. Laslacis scabrior.

585. Arundlnella berteronlana. 2248. Polypogon elongatus.

646. Setarla geniculata. 2249. Chusquea pittieri.

721b. Eleusine indica. 2335. Sporobolus elongatus.

731. Oplismenus burmanni. 2336. Eleusine indica.

752. Paspalum notatum. 2337. Andropogon bicornls.

758. Paspalum conjugatum. 2406. Laslacis sorgboidea.

2407. Arundlnella berteronlana.

* Including distributions from Costa 2408. Zeugites mexicana.

Rica by Pittier, Tonduz, and others. 2409. Paspalum plenum.

61564—30 11 ! t

712 CONTRIBUTIONS FROM T 3 NATIONAL HERBARIUM

Hsbb. Inst. Fis.-Geoor. CoerABio—Con. Heed. Inst. Fis.-Geogb, Costasio—Con.

2410. Axonopua scopariua. 2937. Chloria orthonoton.

2411. Digitaria sangu.nalis. 2954. Trisetum vlride.

2476. Sporobolus elongatus. 2966. Setaria geniculata.

2476. Chloria orthonoton. 2985, Agrostia pittierl.

2477. Eragrostia hypnoides. 2995. Panicum maximum.

2478. Eragrostl8 ciliaris. 2996. Paspalum virgatum.

2479. Fanicum polygonatam. 2997. Setaria geniculata.

2594. Digitarla horizontally. 2998. Brachiaria plantaginea.

2596. Eleusine indica. 2999. Chloris radlata.

2598. Panicum zizanioides. 3008. Setaria geniculata.

2599. Arundinella deppeana. 3009. Paspalum conjugatum.

2600. Leptochloa virgata. 3015. Mulilenbergia tenella.

2601. Paspalum conjugatum, 3016. Echinochloa crusgalli crus-pa-

2602. Eleusine indica. vonis.

2603. Digitaria sangutnalis. 3017. Paspalum costaricense.

2604. Leptochloa scabra. Paspalum convexum.

2605. Gynerium sagittatum. 3029. Brachiaria plantaginea.

2606. Setaria geniculata. 3071. Panicum .laxum,

2632. Eleusine indica. 3076. Lasiucis sorghoidea.

2633. Panicum ghiesbreghtii. 3106. Lasiacis sorghoidea.

2634. Leptochloa vlrgata. 3107. Panicum polygonatum.

2635. Digitaria horizontally 3108. Paspalum orbiculatum.

2677. Eragrostia hypnoides. 3109. Paspalum conjugatum.

2684. Leptochloa filiformia. 3110. Digitaria sanguinalis.

2688. Uniola pittierl. 3111. Panicum trlchoides.

2690. Paspalum virgatum. 3112. Ichnanthus axiliaris.

2691. Axonopus purpusii. 3113. OpHsmenus burmannl.

2694. Trachypogon montufarl. 3114. Lasiacis sorghoidea.

2699. Leptochloa flllformis, 3115. Oplismcnus hirtellua.

Leptochloa vlrgata. 3116. Pseudechinolaena polystachya.

2700. Setaria geniculata. 3117. Panicum laxum.

2702. Dactyloctenium aegyptium. 3118. Panicum glutinosum.

2703. Eleusine indica. 3120. Oplismenus burmannl.

2704. Echinochloa colon urn. 3121. Pereilema crinitum.

2828. Axonopua compressus. 3122. Setaria tenacissima.

2829. Eragrostia tephrosanthos. 3123. Panicum trichoides.

2830. Echinochloa colonum. 3124. Oplismenus burmannl.

2851. Paspalum squamulatum. 3131. Pereilema crinitum.

2854. Eragrostia tephrosanthos. 3224. Trichachne insularis.

2856. Leptochloa vlrgata. 3230. Arundinella deppcana.

2857. Genchrus viridis. 3245. Lasiacis scabrior.

2858. Panicum hlrticaule. 3269. Ichnanthus pa Hens,

2859. Eragrostia tephrosanthos. 3275. Paspalum pllcatulum.

2860. Paspalum conjugatum. 3287. Pennlsetuin setosum.

2862. Eragrostia ciliaris. 3305. Axonopua aureus.

2863. Azonopus compressus. 3328. Zeugltes pittierl.

2932. Eragrostia llmbata. 3329. Pereilema crinitum.

2933. Eragrostia tephrosanthos. 3330. Oplismenus burmannl.

2934. Eragroatis llmbata. 3331. Andropogon leucostachyus.

2935. Eragrostls ciliaris. 3332. Laslacia sorghoidea.

2936. Chaetium bromoides. 3333. Diectomis fastigiata. Hitchcock—the grasses op central America 713-

Hebb. Inst. Fis.-Geogr. Costabio—Con. ] Herd. Inst. Fis.-Geogb. Cobtakio—Cos.

8334. Aristida jorullensis. 3652. Oplismenus hirtellus.

3330. Thrasya hltehcockii, 3653. Oplismenus burmanni.

3350. Eragrostis ciliaris. 3654. Icbnanthus tennis.

3359. Calamagrostis pittieri. 3655. Panicum cordovenae.

3300. Axonopus compressus. Paspalum deeumbens.

3361. Digitarta sanguinalis. 3656. Panicum pulchellum.

3362. Panicum pulchellum. 3657. Panicum laxum.

3363. Ichnanthus tennis. 3658. Paspalum minus.

3364. Paspalum con juga turn. 3659. Panicum parrifolium.

3365. Lasiacfc scabrior. 3660. Eragrostis maypurensle.

3366. Lasiacis sorglioidea. 3661. Panicum baenkeanum.

3367. Chusquea subtessellata. 3662. Arundinella deppeana.

3368. Agrostis tolucensis. 3663. Andropogon virgatus.

3370. Clnna poaeformis. 3665. Arundinella conflnis.

3373. Agrostis tolucensis. 3666. Eriochloa distachya.

3374. Galamagrostis intermedia. 3669. Axonopus aureus.

3375. Paspalum deeumbens. 3670. Hyparrhenia bractesta.

Paspalum nutans. 3672. Arundinella conflnis.

3532. A vena sterilis. [ 3673. Panicum baenkeanum.

3583. Panicum stenodoides. 3675. Gymnopogon faetigiatus.

3615. Icbnanthus tenuIs. 3679. Panicum rudgei.

3616. Icbnanthus pallens. 3680. Aristida torta.

3617. Leptocbloa virgata. 3681. Andropogon semlberbls.

3618. Digitaria sanguinalis. 3682. Andropogon virgatus.

3610. Panicum aitum. 3683. Axonopus aureus.

3620. Unlola pittieri, 3684. Homolepis aturengis.

3621. Eragrostis tepbroeantbos. 3685. Panicum cayennense.

3622. Panicum laxum. 3686. Paspalum deeumbens.

3623. Eragrostis ciliaris. 3687. Panicum baenkeanum.

3624. Hymenachne amplexieaulis. 3689. Pereifema crinitum.

8625. Eleusioe indica. 3690. Aristida capillacea.

3626. Gynerium sagittatum. 3691. Digitaria sanguinalis.

3628. Panicum baenkeanum. 3844. Eragrostis maypurensis.

3629. Aristida capillacea. 4042. Panicum polygonatum.

3630. Andropogon leucostachyus. 4090. Panicum barblnode.

3631. Panicum parvifollum. 4091. Digitaria horizontals.

3632. Lepfacoryphium lanatum. 4092. Panicum polygonatum.

3633. Icbnanthus pallens. 4093. Setarla genlculata.

3634. Panicum hirsutum. 4094. Pseudechinolaena polyetachya-

3635. Aristida capillacea. 4194. Digitaria sanguinalis.

3636. Panicum baenkeanum. 4197. Paspalum panlculatum.

3638. Lasiacis sorghoidea. 4198. Dactyloctenium aegyptium.

3639. Olyra caudata. 4199. Leptocbloa scabra.

3640. Panicum baenkeanum. 4200. Eleusine indica.

3641. Olyra laterally. 4201. Eleusine indica.

3645. Orthoclada iaxa. 4202. Cencbrus echinatus.

3646. Lasiacis scabrior. 4203. Digitaria sanguinalis.

3647. Icbnanthus tennis. Digitaria horizontalis.

3649. Paspalum deeumbens. 4204. Cynodon dactylon.

3650. Panicum polygonatum. 4205. Setarla genlculata.

3651 Panicum trichoides. 4209. Spartina spartinae. 714 CONTRIBUTIONS FBOM THE NATIONAL HERBARIUM

Herb. Inst. Fis.-Geogr. Costabio—Con. Hekb. iNfiiT. Fis.-Gboqr. Costario—Con.

4211. Brachypodlum mexicanum. 4858. Lasiacis sovghoidea.

4212. Poa annua. 4859. Olyra latlfolia.

4860. Panicum haenkeanum. 4325. Paspalum notatum,

4861. Orthoclada laxa. 4326. Panicum virgultorum.

4862. Paspalum conjugatum. 4328. Lasiacis sorghoidea.

4329. Paspalum distichum. 4863. Paspalum plicatulum.

4864. Panicum laxum. 4331. Dlgitaria sangulnalis.

4449. Sporobolus c Hiatus. 4865. Panicum trichoides.

4450. Pereilema crinitum. 4867. Arundlnclla berteroniana.

4451. ArlBtlda caplllacea. 4868. Panicum laxum.

4452. Eragrostis maypurensis. 4869. Eragrostis maypurensis.

4869b. Paspalum multicaule. 4453. Tracbypogon montufari.

4454. Eriochloa distachya. 4870. Axonopus compressus.

4455. Lasiacis sorglioidea. 4871. Panicum laxum.

4872. Ischaemum latifolium. 4456. Andropogon brevifolius.

4873. Andropogon virgatus. 4457. Pennisetum setosum.

4458. Panicum trichoides. 4874. Isachne polygonoides.

4875. Panicum rudgei. 445#. Panicum pulchellum.

4460. Ichnanthus tenuis. 4876. Homolepls aturensis.

4460b. Panicum polygonatum. 4877. Oplismenus hirtellus.

4461. Hackelochloa granularis. 4879. Aristida torta.

4462. Aristida tor til. 4880. Paspalum dectimbens.

4464. Axonopus chrysoblepharis. 4881. Panicum pulchellum.

5316. Panicum haenkeanum. 4465. Oplismenus hirtellus.

5317. Panicum haenkeanum. 4466. Oplismenus burmanni.

4467. Tracbypogon montufari. 6540. Lasiacis scabrior.

4468. Hyparrhenia bracteata. 6541. Andropogon leucostachyus.

6543. Leptocoryphium lanatum. 4470. Paspalum multicaule.

4471. Paspalum minus. 6540. Pseudechinolaena polystacliya.

4472. Paspalum plicatulum. 6546. Andropogon leucostaciiyus.

4473. Panicum laxum. 6547. Panicum glutinosum.

4474. Paspalum multicaule. 6548. Paspalum lfneare.

Paspalum plctum. 6825. Setaria magna.

4621. Isachne arundinacea. 6826. Unlola pittieri.

4622. Eriochloa distachya. 6898. Leersia hexandra.

4623. Isachne polygonoides, 6907. Paspalum saccharoides.

4624. Hyparrhenia bractenta. 6943. Brachlaria plantagiritea.

4625. Andropogon brevifolius. 6945. Trichachne pittieri.

4626. Panicum haenkeanum. 6946. Paspalum paniculatum.

4627. Perellema crinitum. 6982. Paspalum convexum.

4628. Orthoclada laxa. 6983. Chaetium bromoides.

4629. Sorghastrum incompletum. 6984. Digitarla sangulnalis.

4630. Andropogon brevifolius. 6985. Setaria geniculata.

Hplcampes emersleyl (Dist. 7001. Panicum pulchellum.

Ptttier and Durand), 7002. Oplismenus burmanni.

4631. Aristida caplllacea. 7003. Eragrostis clllarls.

4632. Oplismenus hirtellus. 7004. Eleusine indlca.

4638. Axonopus chrysoblepharis. 7005. Pharus latifolius.

4794. Sorghastrum incompletum, 7109. Chlorig orthonoton.

4795. Andropogon bicornis. 7110. Lasiacis sorghoidea.

4820. Olyra latlfolia. 7147. Paspalum fasciculatum. HITCHCOCK—THE GRASSES OP CENTRAL AMERICA 715

Herd. Inst. Fis.-Geogb. Costabio—Con. Horn. Inst. Fis.-Gbogb. Costabio—Oon.

7148. Leersia hexandra. 8401. Panicum barbiriode.

7193. Arthrostylidium pittieri 8448. Panicum parviglume.

7207. Lasiacis sorgholdea. 8458. Oplismenus burmannl.

7225. Paspalum fasciculatum. 8492. Paspalum candidum.

7233, Oplismenus burmannl. 8527. Lasiacis scabrior.

7234. Lasiacis sorgholdea. 8557, Panicum polygonatum.

Lasiacis scabrior. 8566. Panicum zizanioldes.

7276. Oplismenus burmarmi. 8600. Panicum trichanthum.

7348, Axonopus aureus. 8601. Orthoclada laza.

7354. Paspalum conjugaturn. t 8636. Ichnanthus pallens.

7355. Epicampes emersleyi. 8637. Oplismenus burmanni.

7366. Hyparrhenla bracteata. 8670. Panicum trichanthum.

7358. Epicampes emersleyi. 8672. Eragrostis cillaris.

7359. Lasiacis scabrior. 8691. Paspalum virgatum,

7360. Panicum pulchellum. 8693. Eriochloa punctata.

7361. Ichnanthus pallens. 8708. Eragrostis cillaris.

7462. Orysa latifolia. 8716. Dlgitaria horizontal^.

7463. Panicum pilogum. 8725. Arundinella berteroniana.

7465. Lasiacis scabrior. 8741. Cenchrus viridis.

7466. Orthoclada laxa. 8745. Eleuslne indica.

7467. Panicum bfrsutum. 8817. Setaria geniculata.

7468. Setaria panicullfera. 8818. Pennisetum virgultornm.

7409. Arundinella berteroniana. 8819. Lasiacis procerrlma.

7470. Paspalum conjugatum. 8820. Arundinella deppeana.

7471. Panicum fasciculatum. 8821. Paspalum paniculatum.

7472. Dlgitaria horizontals. 8822. Paspalum distichum,

8823. Sporobolus elongatua 7530. Echinochloa crusgalll crus-

pavonis. 8824. Paspalum notaturn,

7542. Panicum polygon atom. 8825. Echinochloa crusgalll cms*

7560. Chusquea virgata. pa von is.

7564. Ichnanthus pallens. 8826. Leersia grandiflora.

7502. Brachiarla plantaginea. 8827. Echinochloa colonum,

7625. Paspalum virgatum. 8828. Paspalum conjugatum.

7641. Olyra latifolia. 8829. Panicum virgultorum.

7730. Chusquea virgata. 8831. Gynerium sagittatum.

7878. Panicum sphaerocarpon. 9009. Setaria panicullfera.

7895. Panicum trichanthum. 9015. Pseudeehinolaena polystacbya.

80)20. Pennisetum distachyum. 9036- Paspalum convexum.

8038. Paspalum costaricense. 9037. Setaria viridis,

8186. Lasiacis sorghoidea. 9038. Dlgitaria sangulnalis.

8187. Panicum polygonatum. 9039. Axonopus compressue.

8229. Oplismenus burmannl. 9048. Axonopus compressus.

8233. Isachne polygonoldes. 9049. Paspalum convexum.

6243. Leersia hexandra. 9050. Panicum maximum,

8244. Panicum polygonatum. 9051. Chloris orthonoton.

8254. Pseudeehinolaena polystachya. 9055. Paspalum pilosum.

8267. Panicum laxum. 9056. Lasiacis sloanel.

8291. Olyra latiolia. 9063. Dactyloctenium aegyptium.

8315. Leersia hexandra. 9068. Muhlenbergia diversiglumis.

8319. Lasiacis sloanel. 9080. Panicum paryiglume.

8895. Dlgitaria sangulnalis. . 9084. Muhlenbergia diverslglumis. 716 CONTRIBUTIONS FROM THE NATIONAL HERBARIUM

Hum. IN ST. FIS.-GeOGR. CoflTAMC—Con. Hebo, Inst. Fis.-Geoor, Costario—Con.

9086. Muhlenbergia tenella. 10380. Leptochloa fillformis.

9114. Panicum maximum. 10423. Lasiacis sorghoidea.

9115. Uniola plttierl. 10456. Cinna poaeformls.

9116. Eragrostis ciliaris. 10470. Agrostis hoffmanni.

9117. An thephora hermaphrodite. 10476. Calamagrostis pit tier i.

9118. Chlorls petraea. 10477. Agrostis bacillata.

9119. Digits ria horizontals. 10526. Arundinaria viscosa,

9120. Cenchrus echinatus. 10558. Oryza latifolia.

9121. Cenchrus tribuloldes. 10573. Pennisetum bambusiforme.

9207. Pharus parvifollus. 10576. panicum rudgei.

9208. Oryaa latifolia. 10588. Panicum rudgei.

9200. Olyra latifolia. 10589. Panicum stenodes.

9210. Orthocladu laxa. 10591. Ichnanthus pailens.

9211. Arundinella deppeaua. 10594. Panicum parvifolium.

9213. Lasiacis scabrior. 10602. Streptogyne crinita.

9214. Arundinella berteroniana. 10615. Panicum sellowii.

9215. Setaria geniculata. 10639. Arundinella berteroniana.

9374. Coix lacryma-jobi. 10651. Isachne arundinacea.

9395. Paspalum dilatatum. 10663. Orthoclada laxa.

9401. Streptochaeta sodiroana. 10745. Panicum sphaerocarpon.

9492. Lasiacis scabrior. Panicum olivaceum.

9493. Lasiacls sorghoidea. 10746. Poa annua,

9494. Olyra latifolia. 10747. Chusquca serrulata.

9495. Panicum pilosnm. 10748. Lolium perenne.

9497. Arundinella berteroniana. 10749. Trisetum yiride.

9552. Pharus cornutus. 10750. Agrostis tolucensis.

9722. Sorghum halepense. 10751. Axonopus compressus.

9727. Panicum fasciculatum. 10752. Setaria geniculata.

9734. Paspalum humboldtianuni. 10753. Sporobolus elongatus.

9754. Panicum trichoides. 10754. Echinochloa crusgalli crus-

9755 Paspalum microstachyum. pavonis.

9817. Perellema crlnitum. 10755. Chusquea tonduzii.

9818. Lasiacls oaxacensis. 10871. Lasiacis sorghoidea.

9841. Opllsmenus burmanni. 10946. Lasiacis scabrior.

9851. Eragrostis simpllci flora. 11003. Axonopus aureus.

9854. Paspalum candidum. 11004. Axonopus aureus.

9939. Opllsmenus burmanni. 11005. Arundinella conflnis.

10025. Eragrostis ciliaris. 11006. Setaria tenacissima.

10026. Eragrostis tephrosanthos. 11007. Erioehrysls cayennensis.

10028. Eleusine indica. 11008. Olyra latcralis.

10082. Olyra latifolia. 11009. Isachne arundinacea.

10099. Panicum polygonatum. 11010. Andropogon leucostachyus.

10306. Imperata contract a. 11011. Lasiacis procerrima.

10307. Panicum %i%anloides. 11012. Thrasya campylostachya.

10352. Radclia costaricensis. 11013. Sporobolus cubensis.

10372, Bouteloua chondrosioldes. 11014. Leptocoryphlum la mi turn.

10374. Bouteloua pilosa. 11015. Lasiacis sorghoidea.

10375, Aristida jorullensis. 11013. Setaria geniculata.

10377. Eragrostis maypurengis. 11017. Panicum glutinosum.

10378. Opllsmenus burmanni. 11018. Tlua sya campylostachya.

10379. Panicum trichoides. * 11019. Epicampes emersleyi. HITCHCOCK—THE GRASSES OP CENTRAL AMERICA 717

Herb. Inst, Fih.-Geoob. Costabio—Con. Hub, Inst. Fis.-Geoob. Costabio—Con.

11021. Rottboellla aurito. 13405. Olyra latifolia.

11110. Sorghum halepensis. 13745. Bouteloua repens,

13246. Arundinella berteroniana. 13746. Eragrostis maypurensis.

11276. Panicum zizanioides. 13747. Diectomis fastigiata.

11392. Pseudechinolaena polystachya. 13748. Lasiacis divaricata.

11303. Panicum barbinode. 13749. Panicum fasclculatum.

11394. Setarla paniculifera. 13750. Aristida jorullensis.

11395. Paspalum distichum. 13751. Pennisetum setosum.

11396. Panicum polygonatum. 13752. Andropogon brevifolius.

11397. Lasiacls sorglioidoa, 13752b. Aristida jorullensis.

11398. Digitaria horizontalis, 13753. Sorghastrum ineompletunx

11399. Eleuslne indica. 13754. Panicum trichoides.

11400. Setaria geniculata. 13755. Lasiacis sorghoidea.

11401. Digitaria sanguinalis. 13756. Aristida ternipes.

11402. Paspalum conjugatum. 13757. Bouteloua pllosa.

11627. Polypogon elongatus. 13758. Oplismenus burmanni.

11729. Arundinaria viscosa. 13759. Olyra latifolia.

11767. Paspalum tonduzii. Lasiacis ruscifolla.

Paspalum costaricense. 13760. Cenchrus viridis.

11770. Chaetium bromoides. 14063. Arthrostylidium maxoni.

13793. Arundinaria viscosa. 14064. Pennisetum distachyum.

11866. Panicum sphaerocarpon. 14126. Chusquea lehmannli.

13889. Ichnantbus nemorosus. 14127. Triniochloa stipoides.

11920. Polypogon elongatus. 14128. Cinna poaeformis.

11992. Stenotaphrum secundatum. 14129. Agrostis tolucensls.

11996. Dactyloctenium aegyptium. 14130. Cortaderia nit Ida,

12002. Panicum glutinosum. 14337. Paspalum notatum.

12057. Lasiacis procerrima. 14375. Lasiacis sorghoidea.

12058. Oiyra lateral is. 14376. Digitaria sanguinalis.

12064. Panicum rudget. 14480. Ixophorus unisetus.

12210. Poa annua. 16050. Pharus cornutus.

12272. Opllsmenus hirtellus. 16081. Panicum trichoides.

12277. Polypogon elongatus. 16115. Sporo bolus elongatus.

12386. Paspalum virgatum. 16118. Paspalum fasciculatum.

12509. Ichnantbus nemorosus. 16119. Paspalum costaricenee.

12515. Ichnanthus nemorosus. 16120. Paspalum notatum.

12567. Isachne arundinacea. 16121. Axonopus compressus.

12623. Paspalum squamulntum. 16122. Leersia liexandra.

12671. Axonopus cowpressus. 16123. Panicum laxum,

12697. Paspalum vaginatum. 16124. Brachiaria plantaginea.

12698. Sporo bolus littoral is. 16171. Setaria vulpiseta.

12727. Leer si a grandiflora. 16174. Tripsacum laxum.

12798. Isachne arundinacea. 16266. Eleuslne indica.

12806. Pseudechinolacna polystachya. 16268. Digitaria sanguinalis.

12858. LasiMCie ruscifolia. 16269. Paspalum decumbens.

12970. Isachne arundinacea. 16662. Panicum maximum.

12992. Paspalum decumbens* 16734. Paspalum conjugatum pubes-

13082. Trisetuni viride. cent.

13237. Trisetum viride. 16735. Eleuslne indica.

13326. Setaria geniculata. 16736. Eragrostis tephrosanthos.

13327. Eragrostis bypnoides. 16737. Chloris radiata. 718 CONTRIBUTIONS FROM THE NATIONAL HERBARIUM

Hekb. Inst. Fis.-Geogb. Costaxio—Con. Hetdb & Lux—Continued

16733. Oplismenus burmannl. 3565. Eragrostis limbata.

16739. Cenchrus viridis, 3566. Chusquea heydei.

16962. Panicum laxurn. 3898. Paspalum virgatum.

17166. Agrostis tolucensis. 3899. Laslacis ruscifolia.

17168. Sporobolus cilia tus. 3900. Panicum laxum.

17294. Setarla paniculifera, 3901. Eragrostis ci liar is.

17326. Pharus glaber. 3902. Paspalum conjugatum.

17377. Trictiolaena rose a. 3903. Paspalum scabrum.

17378. Tricholaena rosea. 3905. Andropogon saccharoides.

17379. Arundinella conflnis. 3906. Laslacis procerrima.

17380. Setaria geniculata. 3907. Arundinella deppeana.

17381. Oplismenus burmannl. 3908. Eragrostis viscosa.

17382. Pennlsetum setosum. 3909. Setaria geniculata.

17383. Laslacis ruscifolia. 3910. Paspalum notatum.

17555. Setarla scandens. 3911. Ecliinocbloa holciformis.

17556. Pereilema crinitum. 3912. Anthephora bermaphrodita.

17557. Muhlenbergia dllata, 3913. Muhlenbergia tenella.

17908. Lasiacis sorghoidea, 3914. Pereilema crinitum.

17906. Isachne polygonoldes. 3915. Laslacis rhlzophora.

17910. Pennlsetum distachyum, 3916. Isachne polygonoldes.

17913. Eragrostis tephrosanthos. 3917. Sporobolus elongatus.

17913. Digttarla sangulnalis. 3918. Chloris virgata.

17916. Arundinella deppcana. 3919. Hackelochloa granularis.

17919. Polypogon elongatus. 3920. Tracbypogon montufarl.

3921. Pereilema crinitum. Heribebto 3922. Oplismenus hirtellus.

4. Lasiacis sorgboidea. 3923. Pennlsetum complanatum.

14. Ortboclada laxa. 3924. Chaetium bromoides.

66. Setarla geniculata. 3925. Sporobolus macrospermus.

66. Panicum pnlygonatum. 3926. Eleusine indica.

152. Isachne polygonoldes. 3927. Panicum sellowli.

192. Paspalum microstaehyura. 3928. Eragrostis cilianensis.

194. Olyra latifolia. 3929. Sorghastrum incompletum.

257. Laslacis sorgboidea. 3930. Bouteloua curtlpendula.

3931. Hyparrhenia ruprechtli. Hkyde 3932. Epicampes stricta.

237. Oplismenus hirtellus. 4101. Paspalum plicatulum.

362. Laslacis sorgboidea. 4295. Setaria tenacisslma.

648. Oplismenus burmannl. 4296. Cenchrus Tirldis.

734. Paspalum notatum. 4297. Oplismenus burmannl.

4298. Paspalum cymbiforme. Hbtydk & Lux 4299. Panicum trichoides.

3556. Brachlaria plantaglnca. 4300. Paspalum candidum.

3557. Eragrostis limbata. 4302. Arthrostylidium plttleri.

3558. Paspalum paniculatum. 4303. Eragrostis cilianensis.

3559. Microchloa Indica. 4658. Arundinella deppeana.

3560. Pentarrhapbis scabra. 4659. Pentarrhapbis scabra.

3561. Eleusine indica. 6267. Leersia bexandra.

3562. Dlgitaria sangulnalis. 6268. Trichachne insularls.

3563. Eragrostis limbata. 6269. Chaetium bromoides.

3564. Eriochrysis cayennensig. 6270. Eragrostis lugens. HITCHCOCK—THE GBASSBS OF CENTRAL AMERICA 719

Hstdb & Lux—Continued Hxtoh#ook, A. S.—Continued

0271. Paspalum humboldtianum. 7924. Cbloris infiata.

0272. Leersia hexandra. 7925. Eragrostis ciliaris.

0273. Andropogon bicornis. 7926. Setaria vulplseta.

6274. Pereilema crinitum. 7927. Eragrostis tephrosantbos.

6275. Oplismenus setarlus. 7928. Axonopus centralis.

6276. Oplismenus burmanni. 7929. Hackelochloa granularis.

6277. Anthephora hermaphrodita. 7930. Eragrostis acutiflora.

6278. Andropogon angustatus. 7931. Panicum barbinode.

6279. Hyparrbenia bracteata. 7932. Panicum fasciculatum.

6280. Arundinella deppeana. 7933. Panicum tricboides.

6281. Bouteloua fiiiformis. 7934. Imperata contracta.

6400. Olyra latifolia. 7935. Setaria panicullfera.

6401. Ixophorus unisetus. 7936. Andropogon leucostacbyua. '

6402. Paspalum virgatum. 7937. Andropogon glomeratus.

6403. Paspalum plica tuium. 7938. Andropogon bicornis.

6404. Panicum fasciculatum. 7939. Paspalum decumbens.

7940. Homolepis aturensis. Hitchcock, A. S. 7941. Digitaria sanguinalis.

7893. Homolepis aturensis. 7942. Panicum mllleflorum.

7894. Chloris radlata. 7943. Panicum polygonatum.

7895. Panicum trichanthum. 7944. Panicum megiston.

7896. Trichachne insuiarls. 7946. Oryza latifolia.

7897. Panicum pilosum. 7946. Gynerium sagittatum.

7898. Setaria vulpiseta. 7947. Cynodon dactylon.

7899. Paspalum fasciculatum. 7948. Sorghum balepense.

7900. Panicum laxum. 7949. Cenchrus echinatus.

7901. Dactyloctenium aegyptium. 7950. Guadua aculeata.

7902. Paspalum plicatulum. 7951. Oplismenus burmanni.

7903. Paspalum virgatum, 7952. Chusquea slmpliciflora.

7904. Paspalum saccharoides. 7953. Andropogon brevifolius.

7905. Oryza latifolia. 7954. Sporobolus indicus.

7906. Setaria vulplseta. 7955. Laslacls sorghoidea.

7907. Paspalum paniculatum. 7956. Panicum geminatum.

7908. Panicum fasciculatum. 7957. Panicum hirsutum.

7908%. Panicum fasciculatum. 7958. Echinochloa crusgalli ctub-

7909. Paspalum conjugatum. pavonis.

7910. Eleuslne indica, 7959. Chusquea simpliciflora.

7911. Sporobolus indicus. 7960. Paspalum decumbens.

7912. Axonopus compiessus. 7961. Lasiacis procerrima.

7913. Axonopus compressus. 7962. Paspalum decumbens.

7914. Cenchrus viridis. 7963. Homolepis aturensis.

7915. Digitaria sanguinalis. 7964. Panicum hirsutum.

7916. Digitaria horizontals. 7965. Panicum polygonatum.

7917. Coix lacryma-jobi. 7966. Paspalum orbiculatum.

7918. Leptochloa virgata. 7967. Leersia hexandra.

7919. Olyra latifolia. 7968. Panicum laxum.

7920. Panicum maximum. 7969. Paspalum plicatulum.

7920%. Hackelochloa granularis. 7970. Andropogon condensates.

7921. Seta ria geniculata. 7971. Andropogon virginicus.

7922. Echinochloa colonum. 7972. Andropogon virginicus.

7923. Cynodon dactylon. 7973. Paspalum minus. 720 CONTRIBUTIONS FROM THE NATIONAL HERBARIUM

Hitchcock, A. 3.—Continued Hitchcock, A. S.—Continued

7974. Panicum zizanloides. 8024. Paspalum plicatulum.

7975. Eragrostis acuti flora. 8025. Paspalum microstachyum.

7976. Axonopus ater. 8026. Setaria vulpiseta.

7977. Panicum chloroticum. 8027. Panicum I a sum.

7978. Paspalum minus. 8028. Axonopus corapressus.

7979. Sporobolus indicus. 8029. Panicum pilosum.

7980. Panicum geminatum. 8030. Hymenuchne amplexicaulis.

7981. Paspalum plicatulum. 8031. Paspalum repens.

7982. Andropogon bicornis. 8031%. Panicum barb! node.

7983. Olyra latifolia. 8032. Eragrostis ciliaris.

7984. Lasiacis procerrima. 8033. Andropogon glomeratus.

7985. Paspalum centrale- 8034. Paspalum vagina turn.

7986. Eragrostis acuti flora. 8035. Sporobolus indicus.

7987. Axonopus aureus. 8036. Sporobolus littoralis.

7988. Paspalum pilosum. 8037. Sporobolus littoralis.

7988a. Thrasya campylostachya. 8038. Andropogon glomeratus.

7989. Andropogon leucostachyus, 8039. Leptochloa virgata.

7900. Paspalum decumbens. 8040. Chloris petraea.

7991. Paspalum plicatulum. 8041. Sporobolus indicus.

7992. Panicum pilosum. 8042. Paspalum vaglnatum.

7993. Panicum laxum. 8043. Cenchrus viridis.

7994. Cenchrus echinatus. 8044. Panicum pilosum.

7995. Paspalum plicatulum. 8045. Paspalum saccharoldes.

7996. Paspalum vuginutum. 8046. Setaria vulpiseta.

7997. Panicum ghiesbreghtii. 8047. Paspalum nutans.

7998. Paspalum not a turn. 8048. Gynerium sagittatum.

7999. Echinochloa crusgalli crus-' 8049. Imperata contracta.

pavonis. 8050. Andropogon bicornis.

8000. Ichnanthus tenuis. 8051. Homolepis aturensis,

8001. Cenchrus echinatus. 8052. Eragrostis ciliarls.

8002. Sorghum halepense. 8053. Chloris radiata.

8008. Lasiacis sorgholdea. 8054. Lasiacis sorgholdea.

8004. Paspalum centra le. 8055. Paspalum pan Iculatum.

8005. Paspalum cent rale. 8056. Andropogon condensatus.

8006. Hackelochloa granularis. 8057. Panicum fasciculatum.

8007. Leers ia hexandra. 8058. Digitaria horizontal^.

8008. Paspalum centra le. 8059. Paspalum centrale.

8009. Paspalum notatum. 8060. Lasiacis ruscifolla.

8010. Paspalum plicatulum. 8061. Eragrostis amabllis.

8011. Paspalum microstachyum. 8062. Setaria geniculata.

8012. Andropogon saccharoldes. 8063. Axonopus compressus.

8013. Andropogon virginieus. 8064. Cenchrus viridis.

8014. Panicum ghiesbreghtii. 8065. Panicum ghiesbreghtii.

8015. Panicum trlchanthum. 8066. Sporobolus indicus.

8016. Panicum pilosum. 8067. Panicum molle.

8017. Paspalum subciliatum. 8068. Lasiacis ruscifolla.

8018. Axonopus purpusli. 8069. Paspalum microstachyum.

8019. Axonopus centrails. 8070. Uniola pittieri.

8020. Paspalum densum. 8071. Paspalum pan iculatum,

8022. Panicum trichoides. 8072. Eragrostis ciliarls.

8023. Icbnanthus pattens. 8073. Chloris radiata. HITCHCOCK—THE GRASSES Of CENTRAL AMERICA 721

Hitchcock, A. S.—Continued Hitchcock, A. S.—Continued

8074. Dactyloctenium aegyptium. 8148%. Axonopus purpusii.

8075. Eleusine indica. 8149. Digitaria sfngularis.

8076. Panicum fasciculatum. 8150. Arthrostylidium racemiflorum.1

8077. Axonopus centralis. 8151. Paspalum microstachyum.

8078. Digitaria horizontals. 8152. Hackelochloa granularis.

8079. Panicum fasciculatum. 8153. Eragrostis acutiflora.

8080. Panicum maximum. 8154. Andropogon selloanus.

8081. Leptochloa flliformis. 8154%. Eragrostis acutiflora.

8082. Paspalum virgatum. 8155. Uniola pittieri.

8083. Panicum pilosum. 8156. Trichachne Insularig.

8084. Andropogon bicornis. 8157. Aristida jorullensis.

8085. Seta ria tenax. 8158. Trichachne insularls.

8086. Andropogon semiberbis. 8159. Digitaria panicea.

8087. Lasiacis procerrima. 8161. Eragrostis ciliaris,

8088. Paspalum decumbens. 8163. Digitaria horizontalis.

8089. Axonopus poiophyllus. 8164. Cenchrus pauciflorua

8090. Tiacliypogon montufari. 8165. Paspalum propinquum.

8091. Andropogon semiberbis. 8167. Panicnm altum.

8092. Thrasya petrosa. 8168. Panicum molle.

8003. Seta ria vulpiseta. 8169. Paspalum gardnerianum.

8094. Panicum ghiesbreghtii. 8170. Aristida jornllensla.

8095. Pen nisetum setosura. 8171. Setaria geniculata.

8096. Paspalum pectin aturn. 8172. Panicum sphaerocarpon.

8097. Trichachne insularig. 8173. Hyparrhenia bracteata.

8098. Uniola pittieri, 8174. Epicampes emersleyli.

8099. Paspalum propinquum. 8175. Andropogon tener.

8100. Eragrostis prollfera. 8176. Digitaria curtigluma.

8101. Olyra latifolia, 8177. Paspalum plicatulum. "

8111. Eragrostis amabilis. 8178. Panicum viscidellum.

8112. Panicum zizanioides. 8179. Pseudechinolaena polystachya*

8114. Paspalum fasciculatum. 8180. Eleusine indica.

8115. Paspalum decumbens. 8182. Andropogon bicornis.

8122. Seta11 a panicullfera. 8183. Arundinella hlspida.

8123. Paspalum minus. 8184. Sorghastrum incompletum.

8124. Paspalum plicatulum. 8185. Andropogon condensatuB.

8129. Homolepis aturensis. 8186. Paspalum humboldtiamun.

8130. Paspalum pilosum. 8188. Trachypogon ptumosus. '

8131. Andropogon bicornis. 8189. Panicum olivaceum.

8134. Panicum laxum. 8190. Paspalum plicatulum.

8136. Paspalum notatum. 8191. Axonopus scoparius.

8137. Eragrostis acutiflora. 8192. Paspalum pilosum.

8138. Paspalum pllcatulum. 8193. Paspalum conjugaturn.

8139. Panicum pilosum. 8194. Oplismenus hirtelluB.

8140. Thrasya hitcbcockii. 8195. Icbnanthus nemorosus.

8140%. Thrasya petrosa. 8196. Panicum cordovense.

8141. Paspalum decumbens. 8197. Festuca eminens.

8142. Andropogon tener. 8198. Zeugites mexlcana.

8143. Andropogon virginicus. 8199. Lasiacis oasacensis.

8145. Andropogon leucostachyus. 8200. Chusquea serrulata.

8146. Andropogon semiberbis. 8201. Lasiacis oaxacensis.

8147. Panicum stenodoides. 8205. Ichnanthus nemorosus. 722 CONTRIBUTIONS FROM THE NATIONAL HERBARIUM

Hitohoock, A. S.—Continued Hitohcook, A. S.—Continued

8206. Aegopogon cenchroides, 8267. Lasiacis oaxacensis.

8207. Agrostis tolucensis. 8268. Ichnanthus nemorosus.

8208. Festuca amplissima. 8269. Lasiacis sorghoidea.

8209. Trisetum irazuense. 8270. Lasiacis sorghoidea.

8210. Brachypodium mextcanum, 8271. Panicum cordovense.

8211. Chusquea serrulata. 8272. Paspalum paniculatum.

8214, Bromus exaltatus. 8273. Ichnanthus pallens.

8215. Ginna poaeformis. 8274. Ichnanthus tenuis.

8217. Agrostis tolucensis. 8275. Panicum cordovense.

8218. Aegopogon cenchroides. 8276. Ichnanthus nemorosus.

8219. Cortaderia nitida. 8277. Isachne arundinacea.

8220. Festuca dolichophylla. 8278. Panicum schlffneri.

8221. Trisetum irazuense. 8279. Eragrostis tephrosanthos.

8222. Trisetum pringlei. S280. Panicum ollvaceum. •

8223. Agrostis tolucensis. 8281. Lasiacis oaxacensis.

8224. Trisetum irazuense. 8282. Lasiacis sorghoidea.

8226. Festuca eminens. 8283. Lasiacis procerrima.

8226. Festuca amplissima. 8284. Andropogon glomeratus.

8227. Festuca dolichophylla. 8285. Setaria geniculata.

8228. Trisetum pringlei. 8286. Lasiacis sorghoidea.

8229. Aegopogon cenchroides. 8288. Sporobolus eiongatus.

8230. Paspalum nutans. 8289. Andropogon glomeratus.

8231. Axonopus scoparius. 8291. Setaria tenaclssima.

8232. Folypogon eiongatus. 8292. Paspalum plicatulum,

8233. Digitaria sanguinalis. 8293. Paspalum plicatulum.

8234. Paspalum minus. 8294. Hackelochloa granularis.

8235. Paspalum heterotrichon. 8295. Hyparrhenia bracteata.

8236. Aegopogon cenchroides. 8296. Elyonurus tripsacoldes.

8237. Andropogon hirtiflorus. 8297. Paspalum heterotrichon.

8238. Andropogon hlrliilorus. 8298. Paspalum pilosum.

8239. Andropogon hirtiflorus. 8299. Panicum sellowli.

8240. Andropogon bicornls. 8300. Leersla grandiflora. *

8240%. Andropogon leucostachyus. 8301. Pseudechinolaena polystachya.

8241. Epicampes emersleyil. 8302. Ichnanthus pallens.

8242. Epicampes emersleyil. 8303. Panicum cordovense.

8243. Andropogon hirtiflorus. 8304. Oplismenus burmanni,

8244. Sorghastrum incompletum. 8305. Panicum schlffneri.

8245. Digitaria horizontalis 8306. Ichnanthus pallens.

8249. Andropogon tener. 8307. Arundinella deppeana.

8247. Rottboeliia aurita. 8308. Pharus glaber.

8248. Sporobolus eiongatus. 8309. Oplismenus hirtellus.

8249. Aegopogon cenchroides. 8311. Lasiacis sorghoidea.

8250. Pennisetum complanatum. 8312. Oplismenus hirtellus.

8252. Panicum ollvaceum. 8313. Panicum pan trichum.

8253. Trisetum deyeuzloides. 8314. Digitaria sanguinalis.

8254. Elyonurus tripsacoldes cilia 8315. Lasiacis sorghoidea.

8258. Andropogon blcornis. 8316. Muhlenbergia clliata.

8261. Phragmites communis. 8317. Panicum vlrgultorum.

8262. Digitaria horizontalis. 8318. Ichnanthus nemorosus.

8265. Erlochrysls cayennensls. 8319. Erlochrysls cayennensls.

8266. Panicum barbinode. 8320. Arundinella hispida. HITCHCOCK—THE GRASSES OF CENTRAL AMERICA

Hitchcock, A. S.—Continued Hitchcock, A. S.—Continued

8321. Amndlnella hispida. 8380. Chloris radiata.

8328. Panicum cordovense. 8381. Ischaemum rugosum.

8329. Ichnanthus nemorosus. 8382. Panicum hirsutum.

8330. Trachypogon montufari. 8383. Panicum trichanthum.

8331. Muhlenbergia tenella. 8384. Panicum trichoides,

8332. Paspalum convexum. 8385. Panicum zizanioides.

8333. Isachne polygonoides. 8386. Imperata contracta.

8334. Panicum lazum. 8387. Panicum milleflorum.

8335. Panicum cayennense. 8388. Panicum stagnatile.

8336. Eragrostis acutiflora. 8389. Paspalum orbiculatum.

8337. Andropogon yirgatus. 8390. Saccharum offlcinarum.

8339. Paspalum subciliatum. 8391. Setaria paniculifera.

8339%. Paspalum pllcatulum. 8392. Panicum hirsutum.

83^0. Eplcampes emersleyii. 8393. Lasiacis procerrlma.

8341. Azonopus compressua, 8394. Ichnanthus tenuis.

8342. Azonopus purpusli. 8395. Panicum polygonatum.

8343. Panicum spbaerocarpon. 8396. Panicum pilosum.

8344. Thrasya petrosa. 8397. Panicum hirsutum.

8345. Paspalum centrale. 8398. Ichnanthus axlllaris.

8346. Panicum lazum. 8399. Panicum stoioniferum.

8347. Panicum pllosum. 8400. Panicum bollviense.

8348. Paspalum microstachyum. 8401. Lasiacis ruscifolia.

8349. Paspalum paniculatum. 8402. Arlstida ternipes.

8350. Panicum lazum. 8403. Paspalum vaginatom,

8351. Panicum ssizanioides. 8404. Digitaria argillacea,

8352. Homolepis aturensis. 8405. Sporobolus ciliatus.

8353. Eragrostis acutiflora. 8406. Leptochloa flliformis.

8354. Arlstida jorullensig. 8407. Eragrostis acutiflora.

8355. Sporobolus ciliatus. 8408. Arlstida jorullensls.

8356. Leptochloa virgata. 8409. Bouteloua americana.

8357. Imperata contracta. 8410. Spartina spartinae.

8358. Panicum fasciculatum. 8411. Sporobolus Indians.

8359. Paspalum boscianum. 8412. Setaria paniculifera.

8360. Hackelochloa granularis. 8413. Azonopus compressus.

8361. Paspalum decumbens. 8414. Imperata contracta.

8362. Azonopus purpusli. 8415. Digitaria sanguinalis.

8363. Andropogon leucostachyus. 8416. Paspalum paniculatum.

8364. Andropogon leucostachyus. 8417. Chloris radiata.

8365. Paspalum pllosum. 8418. Paspalum vaginatum.

8366. Andropogon selloanus. 8419. Eragrostis amabilis.

8367. Paspalum notatum. 8420. Eragrostis ciliaris.

8368. Azonopus purpusii. 8421. Panicum polygonatum.

8369. Paspalum convexum. 8422. Eragrostis tephrosanthos.

8372. Panicum cayennense. 8423. Setaria genlculata.

8373. Eragrostis ciliaris. 8424. Paspalum fasiculatum.

8374. Eragrostis amabilis. 8425. Paspalum pllcatulum.

8375. Isachne polygonoides. 8426. Oryza latifolia.

8376. Sporobolus ciliatus. 8427. Andropogon glomeratus.

8377. Panicum ghiesbreghtil. 8428. Chloris radiata.

8378. Eragrostis maypurensis. 8429. Panicum lazum.

8379. Eragrostis tephrosanthos. 8430. Digitaria horizontals. ,724 CONTRIBUTIONS FROM THE NATIONAL HERBARIUM

Hitchcock, A. S.—Continued Hitchcock, A. S.—Continued

8431. Paspalum decumbens. 8484. Oplismenus burmanni.

8432. Paspalum orbiculatum. 8486. Sporobolus purpura&cens.

8433. Leptochloa virgata. 8487. Panicum parviglume.

8434. Panicum trichanthum 8488. Lasiacis oaxacensis.

8435. Panicum hirsutum. 8489. Paspalum costaricense.

8436. Genchrus viridis. 8490. Panicum virgultorum.

8437. Anthephora hermaphrodita. 8493. Eragrostis limbata.

8438. Paspalum saccliaroides. 8494. Dlgltaria argillacea.

8439. Andropogon condensatus. 8495. Paspalum distichum.

8440. Chaetium bromoides. 8496. Lasiacis oaxacensis.

8444. Eragrostis ciliarls. 8497. Paspalum minus.

8445. Lasiacis procerrima. 8498. Digitaria villosa.

8446. Poiypogon elongatus. 8500. Oplismenus hirtellus.

8447. Leersla hexandra. 8501. Muhlenbergia tenella. ,

8448. Pennlsetum dislachyum. 8502. Lasiacis rhizophora.

8449. Digitarla argillacea. 8503. Olyra latifolia.

8450. Oplismenus burmanni. 8504. Arundinella berteronlana.

8451. Lasiacis sorglioidea. 8509. Muhlenbergia tenella.

8452. Panicum gliiesbreghtii. 8510. Paspalum plicatulum.

8453. Echinochloa crusgalli crus- 8511. Muhlenbergia implicata.

pavonis. 8512. Eragrostis limbata.

8454. Paspalum notatum. 8513. Arthrostylidium racemiflorum.

8455. Panicum laxurn. 8514. Gynerium sagittatum.

8456. Chlorls radiata. 8515. Pennisetum setosum.

8457. Trichachne pittieri. 8516. Leptochloa virgata.

8458. Andropogon blcornis. 8517. Panicum hirticaule.

8459. Muhlenbergia implicata. 8518. Trichachne insularis.

8460. Muhlenbergia tcnellu. 8519. Cenchrus echinatus.

8461. Hackelochloa granularis. 8520. Oplismenus burmanni.

8462. Paspalum pilosum. 8521. Panicum trlchoides.

8463. Setaria geniculata. 8522. Brachiaria plantaginea.

8464. Paspalum fasciculatum. 8522%. Paspalum convexum.

8465. Andropogon gloraeratus. 8523. Paspalum microstachyura.

8466. Paspalum plicatulum. 8524. Paspalum convexum.

8467. Paspalum virgatum. 8524%. Paspalum centrale,

8468. Paspalum panlculatum. 8525. Anthephora hermaphrodita.

8469. Chloris orthonotun. 8526. Eragrostis maypurensis.

8470. Sporobolus elongatus. 8527. Aristidn ternipes,

8471. Eragrostis limbata. 8528. Diectomis fastigiata.

8472. Paspalum nutans. 8529. Trlcholaena rosea.

8473. Each lama mexicana, 8530. Bouteloua pilosa.

8474. Paspalum convexum. 8531. Echinochloa colonum.

8475. Brachiaria plantaginea. 8532. Paspalum centrale.

8476 Poa annua. 8533. Eragrostis prolifera.

8477. Paspalum camliduui. 8534. Dactyloctenium aegyptium.

8478. Tricholaena rosea. 8536. Uniola pittieri.

8479. Ichnanthus nemorosus. 8537. Bouteloua amerlcana.

8480. Leersia grandlflora. 8538. Bouteloua alamosana.

8481. Oplismenus hirtellus. 8539. Eragrostis maypurensis.

8482. Pseudechinoiaena polystachya. 8540. Cenchrus pauciflorus.

8483. Andropogon virginicus. 8541. Oplismenus burmanni. r i i i

HITCHCOCK—THE GRASSES OF CENTRAL AMERICA 725

Hitchcock, A. 8.—Continued Hitohoook, A. 8.—Continued

8542. Oplisinenus burmanni. 8593. Heteropogon contortus.

6543. Paspalum centrals. 8594. Paspalum panicuiatum.

8544. Paspalum centrale. 8595. Anthephora hermaphrodita.

8545. Panicum barbinode. 8596/ Cenchrus pilosus.

8546. Digitaria horizontals. 8597. Bouteloua americana.

8547. Digitaria horizontalis. 8598. Cenchrus echinatus.

8548. Bouteloua ropens. 8599. Setaria liebmanni,

8549. Bouteloua repens. 8600. Trichachne insularis.

8550. Eragrostis maypurensis. 8601. Panicum ghiesbreghtii.

8551. Haclteloehloa granuTaris. 8602. Paspalum microstachyum.

8552. Panicum fasciculatum. 8603. Paspalum vagina turn.

8553. Digitaria horizontalis. 8604. Panicum trichoides.

8554. Paspalum microstachyum. 8605. Digitaria sanguinalis.

8555. Panicum trichoides. 8606. Paspalum langei.

8556. Bouteloua pilosa. 8607. Lasiacis ruscifolia.

8557. Hymen achne amplexlcaulis. 8608. Jouvea pilosa.

8558. Oryza latifolia. 8609. Bouteloua americana.

8559. Paspalum panicuiatum. 8610. Cenchrus viridis.

8560. Gynerium saglttatum. 8611. Eragrostis prolifera.

8561. Eragrostis tephrosanthos. 8612. Eragrostis maypurensis.

8562. Er.igrostis cilianensis. 8613. Paspalum panicuiatum.

8563. Leptochloa flliformis. 8614. Ixophorus unisetus.

8564. Panicum pllosum. 8615. Paspalum notatum.

8565. Leptochloa virgata. 8616. Leptochloa flliformis.

8566. Panicum laxum. 8617. Anthephora hermaphrodita.

8567. Cencbrus viridis. 8618. Cenchrus pauciflorus.

8568. Setaria geniculata. 8619. Cenchrus pilosus.

8569. Paspalum centrale. 8620. Digitaria sanguinalis.

8570. Lasiacis ruscifolia. 8621. Eragrostis tephrosanthos.

8571. Lasiacis ruscifolia. 8622. Eleusine indica,

8572. Lasiacis procerrima. 8623. Eragrostis ciliaris.

8573. Aristlda ternipes. 8624. Eragrostis tephrosanthos.

8574. Digitaria argillacea. 8625. Eragrostis cilianensis.

8575. Bouteloua pilosa. 8626. Eragostis tephrosanthos.

8576. Paspalum fasciculatum. 8627. Eragrostis cilia nensis.

8577. Lasiacis ruscifolia. 8628. Cencbrus pilosus.

8578. Gynerium saglttatum. 8629. Bouteloua pilosa.

8579. Paspalum virgatum. 8630. Paspalum langei.

8580. Artlirostylidium pittierl. 8631. Panicum trichoides.

8581. Lasiacis ruscifolia. 8632. Leptochloa flliformis.

8582. Paspalum repens. 8633. Anthephora hermaphrodita.

8583. Paspalum minus. 8634. Oplismenus burmanni.

8584. Arundlnella deppeana. 8635. Chloris radiata.

8585. Pfinlcuin molle. 8636. Axonopus compressus,

8586. Bouteloua americana. 8637. Cenchrus echinatus.

8587. Paspalum propinquum. 8638. Cenchrus viridis.

8588. Eragrostis ciliaris. 8639. Paspalum virgatum.

8589. Eragrostis tephrosanthos. 8640. Aristida ternipes.

8590. Andropogon semiberbls. 8641. Eragiostis maypurensis.

8591. Aristlda ternipes. 8642. Paspalum plicatulum.

8592. Chloris radiata. 8643. Trichachne insularis. 726 CONTRIBUTIONS FROM THE NATIONAL HERBARIUM

Hitchcock, A. S.—Continued Hitchcock, A. S.—Continued

8644. Setarla geniculata. 8697. Paspalum humboldtlanum.

8645. Hackelochloa granularis. 8698. Lasiacis oazacensls.

8646. Heteropogon contortus. 8699. Lasiacis sorghoidea.

8647. Brachiaria plantaginea. ' 8700. Lasiacis sloanei.

8648. Andropogon blcornis. 8701. Panicum barbinode.

8649. Leptocbloa domingensis. 8702. Pennisetum setosum.

8650. Paspalum microstachyum. 8703. Paspalum convexum.

8652. Gouinia virgata. 8704. Andropogon brevifolius.

8653. Bouteloua alamosana. 8705k Andropogon condylotrlchus.

8654. Panicum hirticaule. 8706. Chloris virgata.

8655. Digitaria panicea. 8707. Sorghum halepense.

8656. Digitaria horizontal^. 8706. Pennisetum setosum.

8657. Aristida jorullenals. 8709. Andropogon condensatus,

8658. Paspalum notatum. 8710. Lasiacis ruscifolia.

8659. Paspalum convexum. 8711. Digltarla panicea.

8660. Oplismenus burmannl. 8712. Gynerium sagittatum.

8661. Setaria llebmanni. 8713. Pbragmites communis.

8663. Panicum fasciculatum. 8714. Paspalum microstachyum.

8664. Chnetium bromoides. 8715. Lasiacis ruscifolia.

8665. Laslacis sorghoidea. 8716. Axonopus centralis.

8666. Chloris radiata. 8717. Laslacis ruscifolia.

8667. Cenchrus pilosus. 8718. Lasiacis leptostacbya.

8668. Cenchrus viridls. 8719. Lasiacis ruscifolia.

8669. Panicum trlchanthum. 8720. Tripsacum latlfolium.

8670. Panicum fasciculatum. 8721. Olyra latifolia.

8671. Leptocbloa domingensis. 8722. Lasiacis divaricata.

8672. Lasiacis oaxacensis. 8723. Lasiacis divaricata.

8673. Lasiacis sloanei. 8724. Paspalum langei.

8674. Laslacis sorghoidea. 8725. Oplismenus burmannl.

8675. Sporobolus elongatus. 8726. Bouteloua pilosa.

8676. Lasiacis ruscifolia. 8727. Andropogon brevifolius.

8677. Leptocbloa domingensis. 8728. Eragrostis cilianensls.

8678. Chloris radiata. 8729. Digltarla horizontals.

8679. Chloris radiata. 8730. Andropogon saccharoldes.

8680. Panicum zizanioldes. 8731. Hyparrhenia ruprechtll.

8681. Paspalum langei. 8732. Tripsacum latlfolium.

8682. Panicum trlchanthum. 8733. Pennisetum setosum.

8683. Setaria vulpiseta. 8735. Heteropogon melanocarpus.

8684. Paspalum propinquum. 8736. Diectomls fastiglata.

8685. Panicum ichnantholdes. 8737. Gynerium sagittatum.

8686. Paspalum langei. 8738. Pennisetum setosum.

8687. Panicum ghiesbreghtii. 8739. Cenchrus pilosus.

8688. Olyra latifolia. 8740. Leersla hexandra.

8689. Arundinetla deppeana. 8741. Echinochloa colonum.

8690. Lasiacis sorghoidea. 8742. Aristida ternipes.

8691. Paspalum plicatulum. 8743. Lasiacis ruscifolia.

8692. Eragrostis maypurensls. 8744. Paspalum langei.

8693. Panicum trichoides. 8745. Oryza latifolia.

8694. Laslacis procerrima. 8746. Andropogon brevifolius.

8695. Lasiacis patentiflora. 8747. Axonopus compressus.

8696. Paspalum plica tulum. 8748. Panicum laxum. HITCHCOCK—THE C > OF CENTRAL AMERICA 727

Hitchcock, A. S.—Continued Hitchcock, A. 8.—Continued

8749. Eriochloa paciflca. 8842. Olyra latifolia.

8750. Ixophorus uiiisetus. 8850. Lasiacis ruscifolia-

8751. Bouteloua americana. 8851. Arundinella deppeana.

8752. Bouteloua alamosana. 8853. Lasiacis oaxacensis.

8753. Eragrostis maypurensis. 8854. Paspalum proplnquum.

8754. Paspalum centrale. 8855. Eragrostis cilianensis.

8755. Fanicum ghiesbreghtii. 8856. Olyra latifolia.

8756. Bouteloua repens. 8859. Arlstida jourullensis.

8756%, Setaria geniculata. 8860. Panicum molle.

8758. Dactyl octenium aegyptium. 8861. Andropogon condensatus.

8759. Eragrostis cilianensis. 8862. Eragrostis tephrosanthos.

8780. Jouvea pilosa. 8877. Lasiacis oaxacensis.

8761. Paspalum proplnquum. 8895. Paspalum humboldtianum.

8762. Panicum maximum. 8903. Lasiacis ruscifolia.

8763. Lasiacis ruscifolia. 8911. Gynerium sagittatum.

8764. Gouinia virgata. 8916. Bambusa vulgar Is.

8765. Oplismenus burmannl. 8918. Paspalum repens.

8766. Axonopus compressus. 8919. Phragmites communis.

8767. Bouteloua alamosana. 8920. Panicum geminatum.

8768. Panicum tricboides. 8921. Lasiacis sorghoidea.

8769. Bouteloua pilosa. 8922. Leptochloa filiformis.

8770. Arlstida ternlpes. 8923. Eragrostis tephrosanthos.

8771. Bouteloua americana. 8924. Panicum birtlcaule.

8772. Bouteloua alamosana. 8925. Lasiacis sorghoidea.

8773. Cenchrus viridis. 8926. Digitarla sanguinalis.

8774. Bouteloua repens. 8927. Muhlenbergia setarioides.

8775. Fourniera mexlcana. 8928. Eragrostis Iimbata.

8776. Cathestecum stolonlferum. 8929. Mublenbergia diverslglumis.

8777. Aristlda jorullensis. 8930. Oplismenus hirtellus.

8778. Panicum fasciculatum. 8931. Paspalum conyexum.

8779. Sporobolus argutus, 8932. Trisetum deyeuxoides pubes-

8780. Paspalum voginatum. cens.

8781. Leptochloa filiformis. 8933. Aegopogon tenellus.

8782. Eragrostis simpliciflora. 8934. Paspalum tenellum.

8783. Axonopus capillarls. 8935. Paspalum tenellum.

8788%. Axonopus compressus. 8936. Paspalum nutans.

8784. Eragrostis tephrosanthos. 8937. Paspalum candidum.

8784%. Axonopus flssifolius. 8938. Mublenbergia ciliata.

8785. Eragrostis tephrosanthos. 8939. Mublenbergia diversiglumls.

8786. Arlstida ternlpes. 8940. Andropogon saccharoides.

8787. Bouteloua americana. 8941. Gymnopogon aristlglumis.

8788. Paspalum centrale. 8942. Andropogon saccbaroldes.

8789. Paspalum centrale. 8943. Pennlsetum complanatum.

8790. Oplismenus burmannl. 8944. Eragrostis tephrosanthos.

8791. Panicum trlcboides. 8945. Andropogon glomeratus.

8792. Bouteloua pilosa. 8946. Paspalum trachycoleon.

8793. Echinochloa colonum. 8947. Tripsacum laxnm.

8794. Panicum hirtlcaule. 8948. Mublenbergia implicata.

8795. Pennlsetum setosum. 8949. Oplismenus burmannl.

8796. Diectomis fastigiata. 8950. Chaetium bromoides.

8797. Aristlda ternlpes, 8951. Lasiacis sorghoidea.

61564—30 12 728 CONTRIBUTIONS FROM THE NATIONAL HERBARIUM

Hitchcock, A. S.—Continued Hitchcock. A. S.—Continued

8952. Lasiacis sorghoidea. 9003. Cenchrus vlridis.

8953. Paspalum conxexum. 9004. Sctaria geniculnta.

8954. Eragrostis lugens. 9005. Cynodon dactylon.

8955. Trachypogon montufari. 9006. Paspalum conjugatum.

8956. Paspalum langei. 9007. Panicum barbinode.

8957. Paspalum costaricense. 9008. Tricbachne insularis.

8958. Paspalum tenellum. 9009. Anthepbora hermaphrodita.

8959. Paspalum costaricense. 9010. Eragrostis tepbrosanthos.

8960. Paspalum propinquum. 9011. Andropogon brevifolius.

8961. Bracbiaria pluntaginea. 9012. Sporobolus donga tus.

8962. Lasiacis patentiflora. 9013. Muhlenbergia implicata.

8963. Andropogon condensatus. 9014. Panicum lepidulum.

8964. Arondinella deppeana, 9015. Paspalum plicatulum.

8965. Bouteloua curtipendula, 9016. Eragrostis lugens.

8966. Paspalum fasciculatum. 9017. Paspalum convexum.

8967. Leptochloa virgata. 9018. Andropogon saccharoldes.

8968. Oryza latifolia. 9019. Andropogon saccharoidea Lagu-

8969. Hymenachne amplexicaulis. roldes.

8970. Coix lacryma-jobi. 9020. Paspalum notatum.

8971. Panicum laxum. 9021. Sorghastrum incompletum.

8972. Arundinella berteroniana. 9022. Andropogon hirtiflorus.

8973. Pennisetum complanatum. 9023. Diectomis fastigiata.

8974. Muhlenbergia teneila. 9024. Elyonurus tripsacoldes.

8975. Bouteloua amerlcana. 9025. Setaria geniculata.

8976. Diectomis fastigiata. 9026. Aristida adscensionis.

8977. Ixophorus unisetus. 9027. Aristida divaricata.

8978. Cenchrus pilosus. 9028. Andropogon saccbaroides ber-

8979. Lasiacis ruscifolia. teroanus.

8980. Paspalum microstachyum. 9029. Bouteloua pilosa.

8981. Panicum trichoides. 9030. Mublcubergia implicata.

8982. Lasiacis ruscifolia. 9031. Pereilema crinitum.

8983. Bouteloua pilosa. 9032. Heteropogon contortus.

8984. Leptochloa scabra. 9033. Paspalum bumboldtlanum.

8985. Jouvea pilosa. 9033%. Paspalum cymbiforme.

8986. Leptochloa filiforinis. 9034. Andropogon malacostachyus.

8987. Bouteloua americana. 9035. Epicampes stricta.

8988. Eragrostis prolifera. 9036. Lasiacis sorghoidea.

8989. Gouinia virgata. 9037. Poa annua.

8990. Axonopus compressus. 9038. Aristida divaricata.

8991. Aristida jorullensis. 9039. Chloris orthonoton.

8992. Paspalum ccutrale. 9040. Chaetium bromoides.

8993. Panicum ghicsbrcghtii. 9041. Aegopogon cencbroides.

8994. Jouvea pilosa. 9042. Pennisetum complanatum.

8995. Bouteloua alamosana. 9043. Pennisetum complanatum.

8996. Bouteloua repens. 9044. Oplismenus burmanni.

8997. Cenchrus pilosus. 9045. Lasiacis oaxacensis.

8998. Axonopus compressus. 9046. Oplismcnus rariflorus.

8999. Eleuslne indica. 9046%. Oplismenus rariflorus.

9000. Paspalum virgatum. 9047. Ichnanthus nemorosus.

9001. Panicum maximum. 9048. Sorgbastrum incompletum.

9002. Digitaria sangulnalis. 9049. Muhlenbergia divorsiglumis. r

HITCHCOCK—THE GRASSES OP CENTRAL AMERICA 729

Hitchcock, A. S.—Continued Hitchcock, A. S.—Continued

0050. Pereilema crinitum. 9099. Paspalum tenellum.

9051. Lasiacis rhizophora. 9100. Eragrostis viscosa.

9052. Oplismenus burmanni. 9101. Lasiacis sorghoidea.

9053. Lasiacis sorghoidea. 9102. Aristida arizonica.

9054. Oplismenus hirtellus. 9103. Eragrostis limbata.

9055. Paspalum squamulatum. 9104. Bouteloua flliformis.

9056. Panicum sellowii. 9105. Panicum sphaerocarpon.

9057. Lasiacis sorghoidea. 9106. Panicum villoslssimum.

9058. Pennisetum complanatuw. 9107. Lasiacis oaxacensis.

9059. Andropogon bicornis. 9108. Aegopogon cenchroides.

9000. Andropogon hirtiflorus. 9109. Epicampes emersleyi.

9061. Muhlenbergia ciiiata. 9110. Oplismenus setarlus.

9062. Arundinella deppeana. 9111. Brachypodium mexicanum.

9063. Epicampes emersleyi. 9112. Calamagrostis junciformis.

9063%. Epicampes stricta. 9113. Bromus exaltatus.

9064. Epicampes emersleyi. 9114. Agrostis tolucensis.

9065. Hackelochloa granularis. 9115. Poa seleri.

9066. Andropogon brevifolius. 9116. Agrostis hoffmanni.

9067. Lasiacis procerrima. 9117. Epicampes macroura.

9068. Eragrostis lugens. 9118. Festuca amplissima.

9069. Eragrostis limbata. 9119. Hierochloa mexlcana.

9070. Eragrostis cilia ris. 9120. Calamagrostis guatemalensis,

9071. Brachiaria plantaginea, 9121. Trisetum deyeuxioides.

9072. Andropogon condensatus. 9122. Triniochloa stipoides.

9073. Aristida schiedeana. 9123. Stipa ichu.

9074. Panicum virgultorum, 9124. Bromus laciniatus.

9075. Tracbypogon montufari. 9125. Sporubolus ramulosus.

9076. Aristida arizonica. 9126. Festuca amplissima.

9077. Pennisetum complanatum. 9127. Zeugites munroana.

9078. Paspalum botterii. 9128. Tracbypogon montufari,

9079. Paspalum adoperiens. 9129. Epicampes stricta.

9080. Lasiacis oaxacensis. 9130. Sporobolus minutissimus.

9081. Epicampes stricta. 9131. Digitaria velutina.

9082. Arthrostylidium raeemiflorum. 9132. Sorghastrum nutans.

9083. Cenchrus echinatus. 9133. Muhlenbergia microsperma.

9084. Hilaria cencbroides. 9134. Muhlenbergia setarioides.

9085. Andropogon saccharoides. 9135. Muhlenbergia ciiiata.

9086. Aristida divaricata. 9136. Muhlenbergia ciiiata.

9087. Elionurus tripsacoides ciliaris. 9137. Brachypodium mexicanum.

9088. Tricholaena rosea. 9138. Triniochloa stipoides.

9089. Leersia bciandra. 9139. Panicum albomaculatum.

9090. Eragrostis simpliciflora. 9140. Epicampes macroura.

9091. Eragrostis limbata. 9141. Muhlenbergia elata.

9092. Muhlenbergia diversiglumis. 9142. Trisetum deyeuxioides pubes-

9093. Paspalum tenellum. cens.

9094. Paspalum lentiginosum. 9143. Digitaria velutina.

9095. Paspalum convexum. 9144. Paspalum candidum.

9096. Digitaria panicea. 9145. Bromus laciniatus.

9097. Aristida adscensionis. 9146. Epicampes stricta.

9098. Ecbinochloa crusgalli crus- 9147. Panicum aquatlcum.

pavoni?. 9148. Paspalum urvlllei. 730 CONTRIBUTIONS FROM THE NATIONAL HERBARIUM

Hitchcock, A. S.—Continued Hitchcock, A. 8.—Continued

914d. Pantcum trichuntbum. 9199. Arundinella deppeana.

9150. Paspalum fasclculatum. 9200. Panicum pulchellum.

9151. Axonopus compressus. 9201. Ichnantbus pallens.

9162. Digitarla horizontally. 9202. Aristida jorullensis.

9153. PanIcum stagnatile. 9203. Sporobolus ciliatus.

9154. Paspalum affine. 9204. Lasiacis rusclfolla.

9155. Setaria paniculifera. 9206. Panicum haenkeanum.

9156. Eriochloa punctata. 9207. Panicum stenodoides.

9156 %. Homolepls aturensis. 9208. Panicum pilosum.

9167. Paspalum decumbeus. 9209. Orthoclada laxa.

9158. Leptochloa virgata. 9210. Ichnantbus pallens.

9159. Panicum pilosum. 9212. Panicum trlchanthum.

9160. Panicum Iaxum. 19891. Axonopus contrails,

9161. Paspalum minus. 19892. Axonopus compressus.

9162. Bouteloua filiformis. 19893. Axonopus compressus.

9163. Eragrostis limbata. 225521%. Arthrogtylidium racemlflo- 9164. Ichnanthus pallens. rum. 9165. Oplismenus burmanni. 22941. Ischaemum clllare. 9166. Ichnanthus tennis. 22942. Diectomis fastlglata. 9167. Ichnantbus tenuis. 22943. Bouteloua pilosa. 9168. Panicum baenkianum. 22944. Oplismenus hirtellus. 9169. Andropogon brevifollus. 22945. Panicum pulchellum. 9170. Hymenacbne donaclfolia. 22946. Aristida capillacea. 9171. Isachne polygonoides. 22947. Aristida jorullensis. 9172. Panicum polygonatum. 22948. Digitaria sanguinalls. 9173. Setaria genlculata. 22949. Orthoclada laxa. 9174. Lasiacis oaxacensls. 22950. Eragrostis maypurensis. 9175. Lasiacis sorghoidea. 22951. Ichnantbus pallens. 9176. Oryza latlfolia. 22952. Chusquea slmpllclflora. 9177. Lasiacis sorghoidea. 22953. Paspalum pllcatulum. 9178. Panicum grande.

9179. Paspalum repens. IIolway, E. W. D.

9181. Ichnantbus pallens.

9182. Lasiacis sorghoidea. 15. Andropogon saccharoides ber

9183. Iscbaem urn rugosum. teronianus.

9184. Oplismenus hirtellus. 24. Setaria geniculata.

26. Eplcampes macroura. 9185. Panicum fasciculatum.

9186. Ichnantbus tenuis. 35. Trisetum deyeuxloides pubes-

9187. Andropogon semibei'bis. cens.

9188. Paspalum multicaule. 37. Aegopogon cenchroldes.

9189. Diectomis fustigiata. 49. Zeugites munroana.

9190. Andropogon angustatus. 54. Aegopogon cenchroldes.

9191. Eragrostis maypurensis. 57. Andropogon hlrtiflorus.

9192. Thrasya campylostachya. 68. Trisetum deyeuxloides.

9193. Thrasya petrosa. 59. Triniochloa stlpoides.

9194. Aristida recurvata. 64. Paspalum humboldtlanum.

9195. Trach.vpogon montufari. 114. Andropogon hlrtiflorus.

9196. Dtgitaria sinjrularis. 129. Paspalum humboldtlanum.

9197. Aristida capillacea. 164. Aegopogon cenchroldes.

9197%. Paspalum multicaule. 167. Eragrostis limbata.

9198. Isachne polygonoldes. 168. Paspalum candidum. HITCHCOCK—THE 01 OF CENTRAL AMERICA 731

Holwat, E. W. D.—Continued JxutaEz, Ot6n—Continued

178. Andropogon condensates, 163. Axonopus compressus.

205. Trichachne insularis. 164. Icbnantbus tenuis.

255. Eragrostls llmbata. 165. Ichnantbua tenuis.

256. Muhlenbergia tenella. 167. Pseudechlnolaena polystacbya.

804. Muhlenbergia tenella. 168. Lasiacis rbizophora.

817. Andropogon brevifolius. 169. Arundlnella berteronlana.

342. Cenchrus echinatus. 170. Opllsmenus hirtellus.

408. Mublenbergia tenella. 173. Muhlenbergia setarioides.

421. Eragrostls tepbrosanthos. 175. Paspalum plicatulum,

431. Arundlnella deppeana. 176. Trichachne plttieri.

590. Panicum maximum. 178. Andropogon brevifolius.

591. Cenchrus echinatus. 179. Tr: niochloa stlpoidcQ.

682. Cynodon dactylon. 180. Andropogon bicornis.

594. Paspalum conjugaturn, 361. Lasiacis ruscifolia.

699. Cynodon dactylon. 368. Setaria vulpiseta.

600. Anthephora bermaphrodita. 369. Lasiacis ruscifolia,

857. Trichachne insularis. 372. Bouteloua pilosa.

376. Lasiacis ruscifolia. JiM^NEZf OT6N 377. Olyra latifol.a.

378. Lasiacis divaricata. 1. Polypogon elongatus.

2. Fennisetum distachyum. 387. Paspalum varlabil*.

397. Arundlnella berteronlana. 3. Festuca elatior.

402. Setarla paniculifera. 5. Mublenbergia impllcata.

403. Panicum parviglume. 7. Opllsmenus burmannl.

405. Andropogon condensatus. 8. Opllsmenus burmannl.

406. Eragrostls simplieiflora. 9. Opllsmenus burjnaiini.

407. Eragrostls maypurensis. 23. Arundi nella deppeana.

408. Diectomis fastigiata. 49. Panicum virgultorum.

409. Aristida Jorullensis. 82. Anthephora bermaphrodita.

410. Setaria paniculifera. 113. Panicum parviglume.

412. Axonopus aureus. 126. Panicum polygonatum.

439. Eragrostls cillanensis. 128. Paspalum candidum.

440. Dactyloctenlum aegyptlum. 129. Opllsmenus hirtellus.

442. Hackelochloa granularls. 132. Cenchrus echinatus.

459. Panicum strlgosum. 133. Setarla paniculifera.

484. Triaietum pringlel. 136. Eragrostls maypurensis.

518. Lasiacis rbizophora. 137. Diectomis fastigiata.

519. Andropogon leucostachyus. 141. Panicum laxum.

520. Paspalum plenum. 144. Muhlenbergia impllcata.

521. Brachiaria plantaginea. 145. Panicum tricboides.

522. Pennisetum vulcan icum. 146. Axonopus capillaris.

523. Setar.a geniculata. 147. Muhlenbergia tenella.

525. Panicum fasciculatum. 152. Lasiacis oaxacensis.

526. Sporobolus indicus. 155. Eragrostls simplieiflora.

156. Opllsmenus burmannl. 527. Echinocbloa crusgalli crus-

157. Opllsmenus burmannl. pavonis.

158. Opllsmenus burmannl. 528. Paspalum plicatulum.

159. Imperata contracta. 529. Paspalum humboldtianum.

160. Paspalum squamuiatum. 530. Panicum ghiesbreghtii.

161. Pereilema crinltum. 531. Lasiacis ruscifolia.

162. Panicum pulchellum. 632. Lasiacis procerrlma. 1

732 CONTRIBUTIONS FROM THE NATIONAL HERBARIUM

Jimenez, Ot6n—Continued Jimenez, Ot6n—Continued

533. Paspalum plenum. 883. Orthoclaila laxa.

534. Paspalum piiosum. 886. Lasiacls procerrima.

535. Isachne arundlnacea. 887. Lasiacis oaxacensis.

698. Pennisetum setosum. 888. Anthepboru hermapbrodita.

699. Leersla grandiflora. 889. Arundinella deppeana,

700. Pseudechinolaena polystachya. 890. Pereilema beyrichianum.

701. Ichnanthus tenuis. 892. Lasiacls divarlcata.

702. Arundinolla berteroniana. 898. Oplismenus burmanni.

703. Lasiacls rhizopbora. 919. Panicum virgultorum.

704. Oplismenus burmanni. 920. Leersla grandiflora.

705. Ichnanthus tenuis. 926. Ecbinochloa crusgalli crus-pa-

707. Trichachne pittieri. vonis.

708. Trachypogon montufari mo His. 927. Paspalum distichuin.

709. Perellema crinitum. 928. Echinocbloa colonum.

710. Aegopogon cenchroides. 951. Holcus lanatus.

713. Eragrostis secundlflora. 952. Festuca gigantea.

714. Bouteloua repens. 953. Antboxanthum odoratum.

715. Diectomis fastigiata. 963. Muhlenbergia direrslglumis.

716. Aristida ternlpes. 973. Pereilema crinitum.

717. Bouteloua pllosa. 990. Pennisetum bambusiforme.

718. Andropogon brevifolius, 991. Zeugltes mexicana.

719. Olyra latifolia. 1108. Pennisetum bambusiforme.

720. Lasiacls scabrior. 1117. Chusquea virgata.

721. Leptocliloa virgata. 1119. Pennisetum setosum.

722. Panicum barblnode. 1120. Panicum polygonatum.

723. Uniola pittieri. 1121. Panicum zlzanioides,

724. Lasiaois oaxacensis. 1122. Diectomis fastigiata.

725. Lasiacls ruscifolia, 1123. Paspalum multicaule.

726. Paspalum repens. 1124. Aristida caplllacea.

727. Panicum megiston. 1125. Aristida caplllacea.

728. Oryza latifolia. 1126. Lasiacls procerrima.

729. Leersla hexandrus. 1127. Lasiacls ruscifolia.

730. Panicum gblesbregbtii. 1128. Aristida jorullensis.

731. Hymenachne amplexicaulis. 1129. Andropogon brevifolius.

732. Oryza latifolia. 1130. Axonopus aureus.

733. Leersla hexandrus. 1131. Axonopus compressus.

734. Panicum geminatum. 1132. Hackelochloa granularis,

735. Digltaria sangulnalis. 1133. Digltaria argillacea.

736. Paspalum plicatulum. 1137. Trachypogon montufari molUs.

737. Setaria geniculata. 1138. Anthcphora hermaphrodlta.

739, Oplismenus burmanni. 1149. Trisetum viride.

739. Paspalum conjugatum. 1150. Agrostis tolucensis.

740. Panicum laxum. 1151. Sporobolus ramulosus.

741. Oplismenus burmanni. 1152. Agrostis tolucensis.

742. Paspalum jimenezil. Joh nson , Harry. 743. Paspalum plicatulum.

746. Melinls minutiflora. 6. Paspalum conrexum.

879. Zeugltes pittieri. 29. Panicum glutinosum.

880. Panicum ghiesbreghtii. 72. Pseudechinolaena polystachya.

881. Panicum polygonatum. 115. Paspalum conjugatum.

882. Imperata contracta. 116. Panicum polygonatum. HITCHCOCK—THE GRASSES OF CENTRAL AMERICA 733

Johnson, Hak&t—Continued Kellebuan, W. A.—Continued

4815. Agrostis verticillata. 117. Digitaria sanguinalis.

4970. Dactyloctenium aegyptium. 118. Oplismenus burmanni.

4986. Eragrostis amabilis. 119. Paspalum can did um.

Eragrostis tephrosanthos. 120. Setaria geniculata.

177. Laslacis divaricata. 5104. Orthoclada Iaxa.

5108. Sporobolus elongatus. 290. Paspalum conjugatnm.

262. Setaria geniculata. 5110. Cenchrus echinatus.

205. Digitaria horizontalis. 5111. Agrostis verticillata.

5112. Pennisetum complanatum. 279. Paspalum conjugatum pubes-

5113. Arundinella berteroniana. cens.

Leptochloa domingensis. 319. E leu sine indica.

5114. Panicum polygonatum. 337. Panicum maximum.

425. Panicum polygonatum, 5115. Muhlenbergia setarioides.

5117. Digitaria horizontalis. 428. Axonopus compressus.

5118. Paspalum paniculatum. 438. Panicum sellowil.

439. Paspalum plenum. 5119. Panicum pilosum.

5153. Poa annua. 440. Paspalum plicatulum.

441. Paspalum notatum. 5163. Cenchrus viridls.

454. Paspalum boscianum. 5515. Muhlenbergia setarioides.

456. Homolepis aturensis. 5572. Aegopogon cenchroides.

483. Pharus latifolius. 5579. Calamagrostis guatemalensls.

496. Panicum fasiculatum. 5588. Eragrostis amabilis.

5589. Eragrostis ciliaris. 571. Eragrostis limbata.

595. Oplismenus setarius. 5699. Setaria geniculata.

613. Panicum olivaceum. 5746. Trichachne insularis.

614. Panicum laxum. 5756 Cynodon dactylon.

616. Poa annua. 5758. Eragrostis amabilis.

5761. Paspalum paniculatum. 617. Panicum multirameum.

618. Agrostis perennans. 5778. Agrostis tolucensis.

619. Setaria geniculata. 5781. Pennisetum bambusiforme.

620. Digitaria sanguinalis. 5803. Paspalum adoperiens.

621. Paspalum candidum. 5826. Aegopogon cenchroides.

715. Laslacis rhizophora. 5866. Eragrostis tephrosanthos.

831. Paspalum candidum. 5888. Aegopogon cenchroides.

832. Ischaemum latifolium. 5919. Sporobolus elongatus.

86%. Zeugites mexicana. 5932. Aegopogon cenchroides.

5948. Aegopogon cenchroides. Kellebman, W. A. 5976. Eragrostis ciliaris.

4725. Panicum maximum. 5984. Eragrostis ciliaris.

4726. Leersla hexandra. 6071. Digitaria horizontalis,

4727. Hymenachne amplexlcaulis. 6072. Eragrostis tephrosanthos.

4735. Laslacis sorgho Idea. 6230. Aegopogon cenchroides.

4747. Calamagrostis guatemalensis, 6231. Panicum viscidellum.

4764. Epicampes macroura. 6232. Eragrostis maypurensls.

4766, Brachypodium mexicanum, 6233. Laslacis sorghoidea.

4780. Cenchrus echinatus. 6234. Agrostis tolucensis.

4784. Bouteloua flliformis. 6235. Oplismenus burmanni.

4786. Laslacis sorghoidea. 6236. Panicum sphaerocarpon.

4787. Setaria geniculata. 6237. Oryza latlfolia.

4790. Arundinella deppeana. 6239. Muhlenbergia setarioides.

4814. Setaria verticillata. 6242. Trlpsacum latifolium. 734 CONTRIBUTIONS FROM THE NATIONAL HERBARIUM

Ksllkbuak, W. A.—Continued Kenoyeb, L. A.—Continued

6243. Lasiacis oaxacensls. 125. Chusquea simtUciflora.

0244. Muhlenbergia tenella. 126. Arthrostylldlum racemiflorum.

6246. Paspalum convexum. 127. Leersia hexandra.

6245%. Aegopogon cenehroides. 128. Paspalum decumbens.

@246. Panicum pulchellum. 129. Sporobolus indlcus.

6247. Lasiacis procerrima. 131. Leptochloa virgata.

6248. Pennlsetum complanatum. 262. Andropogon glomeratus.

6249. Panicum viscidellum. Killip, E. P. 6250. Panicum geminatum.

6251. Arundinella deppeana. 4000. Panicum pilosum.

6252. Cynodon dactyloi). 4003. Paspalum acutum.

6253. Panicum paludivagum. 4006. Paspalum microstachyum.

6254. Panicum paludivagum. 4007. Cenchrus viridis.

6265. Eragrostis dliarls. 4011. Paspalum pilosum.

6256. Jouvea pilosa. 4012. Paspalum pllcatulum.

6257. Dactyloctenium aegyptium. 4013. Andropogen leucostacbyus.

6258. Arundinella berteronl&na. 4014. Andropogon bicornls.

6259. Calamagrostis guatemalensis. 4015. Andropogon condensatus.

6260. Paspalum paniculatum. 4016. Setaria geniculata.

6261. Bromus lacinlatus. 4020. Panicum strigosum.

6262. Pennlsetum bambusiforme. 4021. Setaria geniculata.

6263. Panicum trlcholdes. 4023. Setaria vulpiseta.

6264. Lasiacis divarlcata. 4024. Lasiacis procerrima.

6265. Agrostis vertlclllata. 4025. Setaria paniculifera.

6266. Oplismenus burmanni, 4027. Paspalum minus.

6267. Panicum maximum. 4028. Lasiacis ruscifolia.

6268. Lasiacis divaricata. 4029. Ichnantbus tenuis.

6269. Leptochloa virgata. 4031. Paspalum pllcatulum.

6270. Digit aria horizon tails. 4034. Uniola plttierl.

6271. Hymenachne amplexicaulls. 4035. Bouteloua amerlcana.

6272. Panicum trlclianthuin, 4039. Eragrostis prolifera.

6273. Lasiacis oaxacensls. 4040. Lasiacis ruscifolia.

6274. Olyra latifolia. 4043. Dactyloctenlum aegyptium.

6275. Eragrostis amabilis, 4044. Eragrostis dliarls.

6276. Eragrostis cllianensis. 4060. Isacbne polygonoides.

6552. Cynodon dactylon. 4063. Icbnantbus axillaris. #

7887. Cathestecum stoloniferum. 4067. Axonopus aureus.

4077. Paspalum centrale. Kenoyer, L. A. 4084. Paspalum bosclanum.

103. Streptochaeta sodiroana. 4087. Eragrostis acutlflora.

104. Pharus latlfolius. 4089. Olyra latifolia.

107. Ichnanthu.s tenuis. 4094. Andropogon leucostacbyus.

108. Andropogon bicornls. 4095. Panicum trichanthum.

111. Setaria vulpiseta. 4099. Paspalum pllcatulum.

112. Paspalum saccharoides. 4100. Panicum ghiesbreghtli.

116. Panicum pilosum. 4104. Setaria geniculata.

119. Chlorls virgata. 4105. Leptochloa virgata.

120. Isachne polygonoides. 4106. Paspalum densum.

121. Panicum zizanioldes. 4107. Echlnochloa crusgalli crus-

123. Panicum megiston. pavonis.

124. Panicum geminatum. 4109. Paspalum vlrgatum. HITCHCOCK—THE GBASSES OF CENTRAL AMERICA

Kiu.tp, E. P.—Continued Killip, E. P.—Continued

4110. Panicum barblnode. 4207. Panicum triehoides.

4111. Echinochloa colonum. 4208. Ichnanthus tenuis.

4112. Paspalum paniculatum, 4210. Sacclolepis myuros.

4113. Panicum boliviense. 4213. Sorghastrum incompletum.

4114. Setaria paniculifera. 4214. Mublenbergia tenuissima.

4116. Paspalum plica tulum. 4215. Bouteloua pilosa.

4119. Eragrostis acutiflora. 4216. Panicum triehoides.

4122. Thrasya petrosa. 4217. Bouteloua americana.

4124. Panicum triehoides. 4218. Andropogon leucostachyus.

4125. Paspalum nutans. 4219. Andropogon condensatus.

4133. Sporobolus cillatus. 4220. Aristida recurvata.

4134. Paspalum multicaule. 4222. Lasiacis oaxacensis.

4135. Panicum trichanthum. 4223. Orthoclada laxa.

4137. Panicum zizanioides. 4224. Sorghastrum incompletum.

4225. Andropogon angustatus. 4139. Panicum triehoides.

4144. Trachypogon montufari, 4226. Eragrostis maypurensis.

4145. Andropogon semiberbis. 4227. Eragrostis acutiflora.

4146. Anthephora hermaphrodite, 4228. Eriochloa distachya.

4148. Panicum fasclculatum. 4231. Paspalum repens.

4149. Cenchrus viridis. 4232. Panicum fasciculatum.

4150. Oryza sativa. 4237. Panicum haenkeanum.

4153. Hackelochloa granularis. 4239. Panicum pulchellum.

4157. Lasiacis rusctfolia. 4240. Digital la horizontals.

4158. Setaria tenax. 4242. Arundinella deppeana.

4163. Panicum rudgei. 4243. Sacclolepis myuros.

4165. Panicum hlrsutum. 4244. Oplismenus burmanni.

4166. Eragrostis tephrosanthos. 4246. Andropogon angustatus.

4167. Hymenachne amplexicaulis. 4250. Leptochloa vlrgata.

4170. Isachne polygonoidcs. 4251. Setaria geniculata.

4175. Andropogon saccharoides. 4253. Eleusine indica.

4180. Oplismenus burmanni. 4254. Orthoclada laxa.

4181. Eragrostis amabllls. 4255. Digitaria sanguinalis.

4182. Leptochloa fillformls. 4256. Panicum haenkeanum.

4183. Panicum baenkeanum. 4257. Andropogon brevifolius.

4184. Ischaemum rugosum. 4258. Trachypogon montufart

4185. Panicum trichanthum. 4259. Aristida capillacea.

4186. Lasiacls sorghoidea. 4200. Paspalum parviflorum.

4188. Sporobolus clllatus. 4261. Arundinella berteroniana.

4189. Isachne polygonoldes. 4263. Lasiacis oaxacensis.

4190. Panicum triehoides. 4268. Ischaemum rugosum.

4191. Oplismenus burmanni. 4269. Aristida jorullensls.

4194. Aristida jorullensls. 4270. Eragrostis maypurensis.

4195. Trachypogon montufari 4272. Panicum pilosum.

4196. Homolepis aturensls. 4273. Eragrostis simpliciflora.

4197. Aristida torta. 4280. Paspalum plicatulum.

4198. Oryza sativa. 4282. Panicum haenkeanum.

4199. Eragrostis maypurensis. 4283. Panicum trichanthum.

4202. Panicum trichanthum. 4284. Lasiacis oaxacensis.

4203. Aristida capillacea. 4285. Orthoclada laxa.

4205. Setaria paniculifera. 4288. Panicum trichanthum.

4206. Oplismenus hlrtellus. 4292. Panicum geminatum. 736 CONTRIBUTIONS FROM THE NATIONAL HERBARIUM

Killxp, E. P.—Continued Killtp, E. P.—Continued

4293. Imperata contracta. 4565. Panicum viscidellum.

4205. Eragrostis cilaris. 4567. Andropogon glomeratus.

4296. Ghlorls radiata. 4571. Isachne polygonoides.

4297. Eragrostis tephrosanthos. 4578. Andropogon lcucostachyus.

4299. Eragrostis tephrosanthos!. 4580. Eriocbrysis cayennensis.

4301. Panicum barbinode. 4582. Paspalum minus.

4303. Panicam triclianthum. 4584. Arundinella hispida.

4304. Anthephora hermaphrodite. 4588. Aristida capillacea.

4306. Lasiacis oaxacensis. 12011. Lasiacis ruscifolia.

4309. Panicum haenkeanum. 12018. Uniola pittieri.

4310. Arundinella deppeana. 12033. Sporobolus ciliatus.

4311. Lasiacis ruscifolia. 12066. Lasiacis procerrima.

4316. Panicum polygonatum. 12088. Andropogon bicornis.

4324. Sorghum vutgare sudanensis. 12108. Andropogon leucostachyus.

4326. Panicum birticaule. 12125. Paspalum fasciculatum.

4329. Paspalum panicuiatum. 12127. Panicum trichoides.

4343. Leptocoryphium lanatum. 12130. Panicum pilosum.

4344. Sporobolus cubensis. 12174. Panicum hirsutum.

4346. Panicum stenodoides. 12176. Echinochloa colon um.

4352 Panicum fasciculatum.

4354. Panicum frondescens. Kneuckeb Gbam. Exs.

4356. Paspalum virgatum. 743. Pereilema crlnitum. 4504. Eleusine indica.

4506. Eragrostis tephrosanthos. Lankestee, C. H. 4508. Arundinella deppeana.

4509. Andropogon condensatus. 203. Paspalum panicuiatum.

4510. Paspalum candidum. 205. Panicum virgultorum.

4513. Muhlenbergia setariotdes. 206. Eragrostis mexicana,

4514. Aegopogon cenchroides. 210. Sorghum balepense.

4515. Polypogon elongatus. 211. Panicum glutinosum.

4520. Hyparrhenia bracteata. 213. Andropogon condensatus.

4521. Arundinella hispida. 214. Panicum viscidellum.

4522. Paspalum humboldtlanum. 215. Sorghum balepense.

4525. Ichnanthus nemorosus. 676. Epicampes emersleyi.

4525a Panicum olivaceum.

4526. Panicum olivaceum. Lehman n, F. C.

4529. Lasiacis oaxacensis. 1290. Cenchrus viridis. 4544. Lasiacis sorghoidea. 1571. Paspalum distichum. 4545. Andropogon birtiflorus. 1577. Aegopogon cenchroides. 4547. Cinna poaeformis. 1662. Paspalum not a turn. 4548. Agrostis tolucensis. 1781. OpHsmenus burmannL 4550. Festuca dolichophylla. 1851. Dactyloctenium aegyptium. 4551. Aegopogon cenchroides.

4555. Paspalum heterotricbon. Levy 4556. Panicum olivaceum.

4557. Aegopogon cenchroides. 8. Gynerium sagittatum.

4558. Paspalum pilosum. 13. Panicum fasciculatum.

4560. Panicum olivaceum. 37. Panicum trichoides.

4561. Panicum pantriclium. 123. Panicum geminatum.

4563. Panicum olivaceum. 168. Dlgitarla sanguinalis.

4564. Seta da tenacissima. 173. Leptochloa flliformis. HITCHCOCK—THE GRASSES OF CENTRAL AMERICA

Lbtvt—Continued Maxon, W. B.—Continued

197. Eragrostis hypnoides. 5234. Polypogon elongatus.

229. Dactyloctenium aegyptium. 5266. Lasiacis oaxacensis,

283. Panicum barbinode. 5358. Agrostis tolucensis.

289. Panicum laxum. 5358A. Aegopogon cenchroides.

830. Bouteloua pilosa. 5665. Ghusquea serrulata.

362. Hymenachne amplexicaulis. 6514. Paspalum plicatulum.

377. Arundinella deppeana. 6516. Paspalum conjugatum.

385. Arlstida ternipes. 6517. Panicum pilosum.

391. Aristlda jorullensts. 6557. Ghusquea simpliciflora.

1138. Paspalum mierostachyum 6580. Olyra latifolia,

1166. Panicum lepidulum. 6690. Ichnanthus pallens.

6781. Panicum maximum.

Macbeide, J. F, 6824. Streptochaeta sodiroana.

6837. Cenchrus echinatus. 2644. Oplismenus hirtellus. 6844. Digitaria horizontalis. 2663. Lasiacis sorghoidea. 6846. Cenchrus viridis. 2711. Cynodon dactylon. 6851. Chloris inflata. 2735. Panicum pilosum. 6864. Andropogon leucostachyus. 2788. Lasiacis ruscifolia. 6865. Andropogon bicornis. 2806. Oplismenus burmannt. 6896. Streptochaeta sodiroana. 2837. Axonopus aureus. 7021. Trichachne insularia.

Macbride, J. F. & Feathebstone, W. 7031. Homolepis aturensis.

7052. Ichnanthus pallens.

42. Digitaria sanguinalis. 7069. Panicum frondescens.

43. Paspalum paniculatum. 7077. Ichnanthus tennis.

44. Eragrostis ciliaris. 7143. Paspalum paniculatum.

7148. Cynodon dactylon. Maxon, W, R. 7173. Eragrostis ciliaris.

128. Lasiacis sorghoidea. 7175. Oplismenus burmannt.

3153. Panicum puichellum. 7177. Panicum fasiculatum.

3154. Oplismenus hirtellus. 7190. Olyra latifolia.

3337. Andropogon bicornis. 7203. Panicum trichoides.

3466. Eleusine indica. 7207. Leptochloa flliformis.

3476. Panicum barbinode. 7252. Panicum fasciculatum.

3524. Andropogon bicornis. 7257. Paspalum vaginatum.

7261. Cenchrus pilosus. 3526. Arundinella deppeana.

3527. Paspalum adoperiens. 7296. Eragrostis hypnoides.

3645. Andropogon glomeratus. 7298. Panicum geminatum.

7308. Panicum molle. 3731. Zeugites munroana.

7337. Paspalum vaginatum. 4653. Lasiacis oaxacensis.

4654. Ichnanthus pallens. 7351. Leptochloa 81 form is.

4678. Orthoclada laxa. 7408. Lasiacis divaricata.

4688. Oplismenus burmannt 7440. Pennisetum complanatum.

4700. Orthoclada laxa. 7514. Lasiacis sorghoidea.

4703. Panicum trichanthum. 7528. Ichnanthus nemorosus.

4734. Set aria vulpiseta. 7546. Lasiacis ruscifolia.

4769. Andropogon bicornis. 7606. Eleusine indica.

4999. Lasiacis oaxacen sis. 7611. Olyra latifolia.

5006. Pseudechinolaena polystachya. 7629. Panicum hirticaule.

5136. Panicum olivaceum. 7631. Panicum molle.

5209. Andropogon bicornis. I 7632. Arlstida ternipes. 738 CONTRIBUTIONS FROM THE NATIONAL HERBARIUM

Mason, W. It.—Continued Padilla, S. A.—Continued

7633. Panicum hirticaule. 266. Cynodon dactylou.

7643. Olyra latifolia. 282. Pennlsetum bambusiforme.

7679. Eragrostis tephrosanthos, 283. Pennlsetum setosum.

7783. Seta rla panicuMfera. 288. Arthrostylidium racemiflorum.

7846. Cenchrus viridis. 306. Cenchrus pauciflorus.

7846. Dactyloctenium aegyptium. 347. Paspalum dilatatum.

7866. Eleusine indica. 358. Sorghum vulgare.

7908. Lastacis sorghoidea. 391. Paspalum centrale.

8025. Lasiacis sorgboidea. 393. Paspalum crassum.

8050. Laslacis sorgboidea. 400. Paspalum plicatulum.

8164. Arthrostylidium maxoni. 404. Axonopus aureus.

8298. Ichnanthus tenuls. 594. Paspalum langei.

8600a. Aegopogon cencbroides. 695. Eragrostis simpliciflora.

Miller, W. de W., & Gbiscom, L. Peck, M. E.

131. Panicum jooril. 71. Paspalum peckii. 132. Panicum angustifolium. 136. Mesosetum fllifolium. 132a. Panicum viscidellum. 281a. Eragrostis acuti flora. 133. Panicum angustifolium.

134. Panicum xalapense. Piper, C. V. 134a. Panicum joorii.

136. Panicum xalapense. 5197. Axonopus compressus.

136. Panicum joorii. 5198. Paspalum plicatulum.

137. Panicum pulchelium. 5198%. Paspalum plicatulum.

138. Panicum sphaerocarpon. 5199. Paspalum virgatum.

189. Opllsmenus hirtellus, 5201. Paspalum paniculatum.

140. Arundinella deppeana. 5203. Paspalum virgatum.

141. Ischaemum latlfollum. 5204. Paspalum paniculatum.

142. Sporobolus elongatus. 5205. Paspalum repens.

143. Paspalum squamulatum. 5206. Paspalum plicatulum.

144. Paspalum squamulatum. 5207. Paspalum paniculatum.

5208. Paspalum paniculatum. Oersted 5210. Axonopus purpusll.

66. Andropognn brevifollus. 5211. Axonopus compressus.

66. Andropogon brevifollus. 5212. Axonopus compressus.

68. Andropogon brevifollus. 5213. Axonopus compressus.

6922. Hyparrhenia bracteata. 5214. Axonopus compressus.

6932. Heteropogon contortus. 5215. Paspalum fasclculatum.

6933. Heteropogon contortus. 5217. Sporobolus indlcus.

6934. Heteropogon contortus. 5218. Ortboclada laxa.

6106. Erichloa punctata. 5219. Lasiacls sorgboidea.

6123. Imperata bra si liens is. 5220. Arundinella conflnis.

6127. Ischaemum latifolium, 5222. Panicum pilosum.

6229. Trachypogon montufari, 5223. Andropogon bicornls.

14008. Paspalum saccharoides. 5224. Panicum pilosum.

14107. Paspalum minus. 5225. Sporobolus indlcus.

5226. Olyra latifolia. Padilla, S. A. 5227. Icbnanthus pallens.

133. Muhlenbergia tenella. 5228. Setaria vulpiseta.

134. Pereilema crinitum, 5229. Olyra latifolia.

136. Laslacis ruscifolla. 5230. Setaria geniculata. HITCHCOCK—THE GRASSES OP CENTRAL AMERICA 739

Fifes, C. V.—Continued Pipee, 0. V.—Continued

6231. Phragmttes communis. 5281. Panicum pulehellum.

Lasiacis sorghoidea. 6232. Eragrostls viscosa.

Ischaemum cillare. 6233. Panicum fasclculatum.

5283. Panicum pilosum. 5234. Anthephora hermaphrodite. 5284. Cenchrus viridis. 6235. Digitaria sanguinalis.

5285. Lasiacis sorghoidea. 6236. Panicum faaciculatum.

5287. Andropogon condensatus. 5237. Panicum trichanthum.

5288. Lasiacis oaxacensis. 5238. Andropogon bicornis.

5289. Eragrostls ciliaris. 5239. Digitaria horizontals, 5290. Olyra latifolla. Panicum pilosnm.

5291. Chusquea simpllciflora. 5240. Panicum trichoides. 5292. Chusquea simpiiciflora. 5241. Panicum grande.

5293. Paspaium minus. 5242. Panicum trichanthum, 5883. Chloris petraea. 6243. Trichachne Insularis. 5947. Andropogon condensatus. 5244. Panicum trichoides. 5948. Lasiacis procerrima. 5245. Diectomis faatigiata. 5949. Olyra latifolla. 5246. Aristlda Joruliensis.

5247. Leersia hexandra. PlTTiER, H. 5248. Panicum trichoides.

5249. Cenchrus viridis, 29. Aegopogon cenchroidea.

5250. Andropogon bicornis. 101. Panicum paiudlvagum.

5251. Panicum laxum. 102. Andropogon saccharoides.

5252. Ichnanthus pallens. 206. Paspaium conjugatum pubes-

5253. Panicum blrsutum. cens.

5254. Arundinella deppeana. 207. Paspaium decumbens.

5255. Chloris inflata. 208. Axonopus compressus,

[5$56. Panicum barbinode. 209. Andropogon condensatus.

5257. Lasiacis ruscifolla. 214. Axonopus purpusii.

5258. Panicum pilosum. 215. Leptocoryphium lanatum.

5259. Panicum trichoides. 216. Andropogon leucostachyus.

5260. Panicum haenkeanum. 217. Pennlsetum setosum.

5261. Lasiacis sorghoidea. 218. Andropogon condensatus.

5262. Digitaria sanguinalis. 219. Paspaium humboldtianum.

5263. Leptochloa virgata. 220. Eriochloa distachya.

5264. Cenchrus viridis. 221. Trachypogon montufari.

5265. Andropogon condensatus. 248. Homolepls aturensis.

5266. Panicum haenkeanum. 249. Paspaium paniculatum.

5267. Aristlda recurvata. 250. Paspaium virgatum.

5268. Homolepls aturensis. 252. Isachne arundlnacea.

5269. Panicum trichanthum. 253. Andropogon leucostachyus.

5271. Oplismenus hlrtellus. 254. Cenchrus echinatus.

5272. Arund nella berteronlana. 255. Trachypogon montufari.

5273. Leptochloa vlrgata. 256. Olyra latifolla.

5274. Panicum pilosum. 257. Panicum strlgosum.

5275. Bouteloua pilosa. 258. Paspaium caespitosum.

5276. Bouteloua repens. 25ft. Leptocoryphium lanatum.

5B77. Jouvea straminea. 260. Ischaemum latlfolium.

5278. Lasiacis oaxacensis. 261. Trlpsacum latlfolium.

5279. Andropogon leucostachyus. 312. Hackelochloa granuiaris.

5280. Lasiacis proeenima. 360. Paspaium dilatatum. 740 CONTRIBUTIONS FROM THE NATIONAL HERBARIUM

Pittieb, H.—Continued Pittieb, H.—Continued

361. Panicum laxum. 2342. Lasiacis divaricata.

362. Paspulum orbiculatum. 2352. Panicum trichoides.

363. Paspalum urvillei. 2381. Paspalum nutans.

364. Panicum stoloniferum. 2443. Panicum laxum.

1751. Pennisetum ciliare. 2444. Paspalum conjugatum.

1755. Eragrostis cilianensis. 2454. Isachne polygonoides.

1766. Eragrostis clliaris. 2478. Panicum fasciculatum,

1757. Dactyloctenium aegyptium. 2479. Eleusine indica.

1775. Eragrostis hypnoides. 2480. Paspalum conjugatum.

1787, Laslacis sorghoidea. 2481. Panicum pilosum.

1788. Paspalum trachycoleon. 2505. Echlnochloa colonum.

1705. Setaria geniculata. 2506. Iscliaemum rugosum.

1800. Panicum strigosum. 2508. Echlnochloa crusgalli crus-

1805. Thrasya campylostachyu. pavonis.

1805a. Panicum albomarginatum. 2509. Panicum geminatum.

1805b. Panicum arenicoloides. 2537. Bouteloua pilosa.

1806. Thrasya campylostachya. 2544. Muhlenbergia tenuisslma

1806a. Setaria geniculata, 2545. Andropogon brevifolius,

1832a. Paspalum trachycoleon. 2559. Panicum barbinode,

1847. Paspalum blodgettii. 2596. Sorghum halepense.

1901a. Pennisetum complanatum. 2598. Dactyloctenium aegyptium

1960. Panicum maximum. 2615. Orthoclada laxa.

2079. Paspalum virgatum. 2635. Homolepls aturensis.

2080. Cenchrus viridls. 2636. Panicum haenkeanum.

2081. Leptochloa virgata. 2650. Digitaria sanguinalis.

2082. Panicum pilosum. 2682. Orthoclada laxa.

2083. Panicum trichoides. 2686. Olyra latifolia.

2084. Paspalum conjugatum. 2695. Paspalum pectinatum.

2085. Eragrostis clliaris. 3041. Paspalum paniculatum.

2086. Opllsmenus burmanni. 3042. Setaria geniculata,

2087. Trichachne insularls. 3043. Panicum viscidellum.

2088. Panicum maximum, 3069. Chusquea subtessellata.

2114. Eleuslne indica. 3085. Chusquea serrulata.

2117. Panicum fasclculatum. 3097. Aegopogon cenchroides.

2118. Laslacis sorghoidea. 3101. Agrostls tolucensis.

2119. Ichnanthus tenuis. 3103. Agrostls tolucensls.

2120. Chloris inflate. 3315. Arlstida capillacea.

2121. Setaria vulpiseta. 3324. Andropogon leucostachyus.

2166. Cynodon dactylon. 3426. Paspalum orbiculatum.

2167. Chloris inflate. 3434. Sporobolus lndicus.

2168. Panicum geminatum, 3435. Paspalum conjugatum.

2169. Panicum haenkeanum. 3436. Paspalum conjugatum.

2170. Panicum geminatum. 3439. Sporobolus lndicus.

2184. Echlnochloa colonum. 3440. Leptochloa virgata.

2185. Digitaria Bangui nails. 3441. Panicum birsutum.

2196. Laslacis sorgho idea. 3462. Axonopus compressus.

2226. Panicum puchellum. 3463. Setaria scandens.

2324. Orthoclada laxa. 3470. Olyra latifolia.

2327. Sacciolepis myuros. 3478. Paspalum coryphaeum.

2335. Ichmmthus pal lens. 3564. Leptochloa flliformis.

2339. Olyra latifolia. 3565. Axonopus polophyllus. HITCHCOCK—THE OBA8SES OF CENTRAL AMERICA

Pittibb, H.—Continued Pittieb, H.—Continued

3582. Ax on opus poiophyllus. 4151. Olyra latifolia.

3584. Paspalum pectinatum. 4231. Paspalum paniculatum.

3603. Lasiacis ruscifolia. 4232. Paspalum vaginatum.

3604. Paspalum virgatum, 4233. Sporobolus llttoralis.

3622. Paspalum plicatulum, 4259. Stenotapbrum secundatum.

3626. Panicum fasciculatum. 4260. Paspalum conjugatum.

3714. Panicum geminatum. 4261. Paspalum vaginatum.

3715. Cenchrus echinatus, 4284. Panicum trichoides.

3716. Cenchrus viridis. 4314. Paspalum conjugatum.

3717. Dactyloctenium aegyptium. 4332. Setaria vulpiseta.

3718. Panicum fasciculatum. 4349. Ctenium planifolium.

3719. Setaria geniculata. 4350. Arlstida implexa.

3720. Echinochloa colonum. 4351. Paspalum pectinatum.

3721. Chloris inflata. 4367. Oryza sativa.

3722. Paspalum paniculatum. 4371. Panicum pilosum.

3723. Echinochloa colonum. 4374. Panicum liirsutum.

3724. Paspalum virgatum. 4375. Panicum fasciculatum.

3725. Paspalum plicatulum. 4383. Echinochloa polystachya.

3726. Panicum mcgiston, 4435. Paspalum fasciculatum.

3727. Homolepis aturensis. 4436. Paspalum microstachyum.

3742. Axonopus compressus. 4440. Digitaria sanguinalis.

3743. Panicum fasciculatum, 4444. Setaria geniculata.

3744. Setaria vulpiseta. 4452. Axonopus compressus.

3745. Paspalum saccbaroides. 4453. Diectomis fastigiata,

3759. Olyra latifolia. Paspalum notatum.

3760. Eleusine indica. 4461. Dactyloctenium aegyptium.

3761. Digitaria sanguinalis. 4462. Paspalum microstachyum.

3762. Antbepbora hermaph rodlta. 4463. Paspalum stellatum.

3780. Coix lacryma-Jobi. 4464. Digitaria sanguinalis.

3781. Panicum zlzanloides. 4494. Paspalum plicatulum.

3813. Cynodon dactylon. 4500. Paspalum subciliatum.

3824. Panicum trichanthum. 4515. Paspalum multicaule.

3944. Chloris petraea. 4524. Eragrostis acutiflora.

3966. Imperata contracta. 4525. Paspalum clavuliferum.

3967. Andropogon bicornis. 4526. Panicum lepidulum.

3975. Hackelocbloa granularis. 4527. Paspalum centrale.

4020. Paspalum fasciculatum. 4531. Isachne polygonoldes.

4026. Panicum zizanioldes. 4534. Axonopus compressus.

4027. Panicum frondescens. 4536. Panicum pilosum.

4064. Sporobolus indicns. 4551. Paspalum plicatulum.

4071. Uniola pittieri. 4552. Leersia hexandra.

4075. Pariana zingiberina. 4613. Paspalum orbiculatum.

4088. Pharus latifolius. 4614. Panicum chloroticum.

4115. Stenotapbrum secundatum. 4615 Panicum laxum.

4125. Antbepbora hermaphrodite. 4621. Paspalum centrale.

4126. Olyra latifolia. 4622. Paspalum multicaule.

4133. Chloris petraea. 4624. Paspalum minus.

4135. Chloris petraea. 4632. Paspalum hitchcockii.

4136. Leptochloa virgata. 4634. Axonopus compressus.

4146. Eragrostis hypnoides. 4642. Arlstida jorullensis.

4147. Paspalum orbiculatum. 4646, Paspalum densum. 742 CONTRIBUTIONS FROM THE NATIONAL HERBARIUM

Pittieb, H.—Continued Pittibb, H.—Continued

4647. Paspalum virgatum. 4973. Eleusine indica.

4648. Paspalum plicatulum. 4987. Lasiacis ruscifolia.

4649. Bottboetlia aurita. 4996. Bouteluua pilosa.

4688. Lasiacis ruscifolia. 4998. Lasiacis ruscifolia.

4693. Digitaria horizontalis. 5018. Diectomis fastigiata.

Paspalum virgatum. 5020. Paspalum Stella turn.

4694. Eleusine indica. 5021. Axonopus appendlculatus.

4695. Panicum fasciculatum. 5037. Sorghastrum incompletum.

4696. Panicum trichoides. 5042. Epicampes emersleyi.

4719. Paspalum nutans. 5043. Eriochloa distachya.

4734. Panicum barb mode. 5046. Pereilema crinitum.

4742. Paspalum plicatulum. 5051. Elyonurus tripsacoides.

4751. Mesosetum pittieri, 5052. Axonopus appendlculatus.

4753. Aristida jorullensia. 5054, Andropogon brevlfollus.

4768. Eragrostis maypurensis. 5055. Gymnopogon fastig atus.

4777. Coix lacryma-jobi. 5062. Epicampes omersleyl.

4789. Panicum laxuin. 6063. Paspalum contractum.

4790. Panicum zazanioides. 5064. Paspalum stellatum.

4792. Setaria geniculata. 5065. Ctenium planifolium.

4798. Panicum trichanthum. 5068. Hackelochloa granularis.

4806. Panicum maximum. 5071. Hyparrhenia bracteata.

4807. Panicum barbinode. 5149. Paspalum multicaule.

4838. Eragrostis simpliciflora. 5164. Streptocbaeta sodiroana.

4849. Diectomis fastigiata. 5164 %. Streptocbaeta spicata.

4850. Aristida jorullensis. 5184. Eragrostis maypurensis.

4851. Eragrostis maypurensis. 5185. Paspalum decumbons.

4859. Digitaria argil lacea. 5194. Aristida capillacea.

4864. Eragrostis maypurensis. 5195. Sporobolus ciliatus.

4865. Sporobolus ciliatus. 5203. Ichnanthus axillaris.

4866. Paspalum multicaule. 5204. Ichnanthus pallens.

4808. Andropogon brevifolius, 5205. Oplismenus burmanni.

4871. Paspalum multicaule. 5206. Olyra latifolia.

4872. Axonopus compressus. 5220. Orthoclada laxa.

4873. Bouteloua repens. 5227. Sorghastrum incompletum.

4877. Diectomis fastigiata, 5230. Ichnanthus pal tens.

4883. Andropogon angustatus. 5231. Sorghastrum nutans,

4887. Oplismenus burmanni. 5232. Axonopus aureus.

4391. Eragrostis acutiflora. 5234. Panicum laxum.

4892. Oryza sativa. 5247. Panicum haenkeanum.

4900. Eragrostis simpliciflora. 5259. Diectomis fastigiata.

4908. Hymenachne amplexicaulis. 6272. Ichnanthus pallens.

4909. Leersia hexandra. 5308. Muhlenbergia tenella.

4910. Diectomis fastigiata. 5325. Paspalum pilosum.

4914. Paspalum plicatulum, 6331. Lasiacis sorghoidea.

4916. Sacciolepls myuros. 5339. Lasiacis sorghoidea.

4917. Isachne polygonoidea. 6344. Setaria geniculata.

4920. Sacclolepis myuros. 5345. Paspalum minus.

4930. Eragrostis acutiflora. 5348. Andropogon leucostachyus.

4931. Axonopus compressus 6360. Epicampes emersleyi.

4959. Paspalum convexum. 6361. Andropogon tener.

4972. Dactyloctenium aegyptlum. 6362. Epicampes emersleyi. HITCHCOCK—THE GRASSES OF CENTRAL AMERICA

Pittieb, H.—Continued Pittieb, H.—Continued

6363. Thrasya villosa. 6837. Eehinochloa colonum.

5364. Paspalum pilosum. 6840. Setaria geniculata.

5365. Thrasya campylostachya. 6841. Paspalum fasclculatum,

5366. Ichnanthus tenuis. 6842. Eragrostis limbata.

5367. Axonopus aureus. 6850. Setaria vulpiseta.

5369. Axonopus seoparius. 6853. Digitaria sanguinalis.

5370. Ichnanthus tenuis. 6854. Panicum trichoides.

5375. Panicum pulchellum. 6855. Leptochloa filiform is.

5385. Sorghastrum incompletum. 6856. Panicum pilosum.

5416. Panicum pyrularium. 6865. Bouteloua repens.

5422. Lasiacis oaxacensis. 6889. Eragrostis maypurensis.

5527. Leptochloa virgata. 6892. Lasiacis ruscifolia.

5528. Oryza latlfolia. 6902. Panicum fasclculatum.

5529. Eriochloa punctata. 6903. Leptochloa flliformis.

5530. Hymenachne amplexicaulis. 6918. Muhlenbergia tenuissima,

5546. Panicum grande. 6919. Eragrostis maypurensis.

5744. Pharus latifolius. 6920. Eragrostis acutiflora.

5745. Uniola pittieri. 6921. Panicum fasclculatum.

5752. Paspalum decumbens. 6923. Ichnanthus pallens.

5753. Paspalum nutans. 6924. Lasiacis sorghoidea.

5947. Andropogon condensatus. 6941. Pharus latifolius.

6200. Setaria paniculifera. 6943. Panicum hirsutum.

6576. Panicum polygonatum. 6945. Panicum trichanthum.

6643. Olyra latlfolia. 8557. Panicum trichoides.

6717. Panicum megiston. 8564. Panicum polygonatum.

6718. Hackelochloa granularis. 8581. Paspalum decumbens.

6719. Panicum fasclculatum. 8601. Setaria geniculata.

6729. Dactyloctenium aegyptium. 8604. Eragrostis maypurensis.

6730. Panicum pilosum. 8605. Paspalum conjugatum.

6731. Paspalum plicatulum. 8609. Digitaria sanguinalis.

6732. Sporobolus indieus. 8619. Panicum laxum.

6733. Eleusine indica. POPENOE, D. H, 6750. Panicum pilosum.

6758. Dactyloctenium aegyptiuzu 2. Ichnanthus tenuis.

6759. Setaria geniculata. 6. Ichnanthus pallens.

6760. Paspalum centrale. 10. Setaria vulpiseta.

6761. Panicum trichoides. 13. Paspalum virgatum.

6763. Paspalum plicatulum. 19. Iscbaemum rugosum,

6767. Paspalum paniculatum, 20. Imperata contracta.

6738. Paspalum virgatum. 20%. Panicum pulchellum.

6770. Echinochloa colonum. 23. Axonopus compress us.

6774. Lasiacis procerrima. 24. Andropogon brevlfolius.

6779. Paspalum centrale. 25. Setaria paniculifera.

6780. Eragrostis acutlflora. 26. Lasiacis sorghoidea.

6789. Paspalum microstachyum. 27. Ischaemnm ciliare.

6790. Cenchrus viridis. 28. Bouteloua pilosa.

6791. Oryza latifolia. 35. Panicum bolivlense.

6808. Paspalum repens. 36. Paspalum repens.

6817. Paspalum centrale. 38. Panicum grande.

6822. Oplismenus burmanni, 39. Pharus glaber.

6831. Ischaemum rugosum. 44. Andropogon glomeratus.

61564—30 13 744 CONTRIBUTIONS FROM THE NATIONAL HERBARIUM

Popenoe, D. H,—Continued Popenoe, Wilson—Continued

45. Hymenaehne amplexicaulis. 898. Oplismenus burmanni.

46. Phragmites communis. 899. Paspalum plicatulum.

47. Lasiads sorghoidea, 900. Sporobolus elongatus.

54. Paspalum mlcrostachyum. 901. Paspalum conjugatum pubes-

61. Aristida ternipes. cens.

903. Pereilema crinitum.

Popenoe, Wilson 904. Panicum sphaerocarpon.

905. Setaria geniculata. 661. Cliloris virgata. 90li. Paspalum panieulatum. 662. Eleusine indioa. 907. Andropogon glomeratus. 663. Chloris orthonoton. 908. Setaria paniculifera. 665. Oynodon dactylon. 909. Paspalum fasiculutum. 666. Sporobolus elongatus. 910. Pennisetum distacliyum. 667. Hilariu cenehroides. 911. Pennisetum complanatum. 968. Setaria geniculata. 912. Mellnis iniiiutiflorn, 66D. Elyonurus tripsacoides ciiiaris. 913. Paspalum candidum. 669a. Andropogon saccbaroides 914. Agrostis peretmans. 670. Paspalum lividum. 915. Arundinella deppeana. 603. Diectoinis fastigiata. 942. Trichachne insularly. 693a. Andropogon brevifollus. 976. Guadua aculeata. 693b. Aristida arizonica.

694. Eragrostis maypurensis. Ken son, Cablos.

695. Eragrostis ciiiaris.

696. Paspalum notatum. 63. Oplismenus hirtellus,

697. Diectomis fastigiata. 169. Cenchrus echinatus.

698. Sporobolus elongatus. 207. Arundinella deppeana.

214. Panicum barbinode. 699. Andropogon saccbaroides lagu-

278. Cynodon dactylon. roldes.

285. Andropogon bicornis. 700. Aristida ternipes.

293. Panicum maximum. 702. Oplismenus burmanni.

296. Setaria vulpiseta. 710. Aristida jorullensis.

301. Ixophorus unisetus. 711. Bouteloua repens,

320. Eragrostis limbata. 711a. Digitaria argillacea.

323. Lasiacis divaricata. 712. Eragrostis maypurensis.

324. Pennisetum setosum. 730. Aegopogon cenehroides.

330. Sporobolus elongatus. 732. Sorghastrum incompletum.

353. Paspalum notatum. 733. Pereilema crinitum.

362. Ixophorus unisetus. 734. Pennisetum complanatum.

735. Lasiaeis oaxacensis. Rojas. 735a. Tricholaena rosea.

736 Muhlenbergia iinplicata. 37. Paspalum notatum.

737. Lasiacis procerrima. 58. Aristida schiedeana.

738. Epicampes stricta. 74. Chaetiuin bromoides.

885. Panicum poiygonatum. 99. Ixophorus unisetus.

887. Axonopus compressus. 104. Paspalum squamulatum.

888. Axonopus compressus. 105. Paspalum humbokltianum.

890. Setaria geniculata. 106. Echinocliloa crusgalli crus-

891. Digitaria horizontalis. pavonis.

892. Axonopus compressus. 117. Pseudechinolaena polystachya.

893. Paspalum conjugatum. 120. Eragrostis tephrosanthos.

894. Paspalum panieulatum. 168. Uniola pittieri.

i «

1 1

HITCHCOCK—THE GBAS OF CENTRAL AMERICA 745

Rojas—Continued Sel&R, C, and E.—Continued I

377. Arundinetta deppeana. 2404. Sorghum vulgare.

380. Muhlenbergia tenella. 2405. Liisiacis procerrimn.

381. Chaetium bromoides. 2422. Pennisetum bambusiforme.

382. Aegopogon cenchroides. 2442. Pasptilum liumboldti&num.

383. Agrostis verticillata. 2446. Lasiacis ruscifolia.

3S5. Pereilema crinitum. 2463. Eragrostis ciliaris,

386. Sorghum vulgare. 2464. Eragrostis .limbata.

388. Triciiolaena rosea. 2465. Eragrostis tephrosanthos.

558. Andropogon bicornis. 2468. Hilaria eenchroides.

559. Eragrostis tephrosanthos. 2539. Lamarckia aurea.

5C0. Pseudechinolaena polystaehya. 2561. Pseudeehinolaena polystaehya.

561. ArundineNa berteroniana. 2576. Paspalum conjugatum.

562. Setaria geniculata. 2701. Tripsacum dactyloides.

563. Axonopus compressus. 2703. Epicampus macronra.

2704. Panicum fiisciculatum. Hose, J. N. 2705. Eleusine indica.

22062. Sporobolus indicus. 2707. Paspalum costariconse,

22063. Chloris inflata. 2708. Panicum virgultorum.

22068, Eragrostis cijiaris. 2711. Eragrostis limbata.

22075. Paspalum paniculatum. 2715, Paspalum paniculatum.

22081. Eragrostis amabilis. 2716. Setaria vulpiseta.

22082. Cenchrus viridis. 2718. Hetoropogon contortus.

22083. Eleusine indica. 2719. Andropogon saccharoides.

23993. Eragrostis ama bills. 2720. Ilyparrhenia ruprechtil.

23994. Eragrostis tephrosanthos. 2723. Tripsacum pllosum.

3004. Lasiacis div&ricata.

Row lee, W. \V. 3028. Pentarrhaphis scabra.

3231. Chaetium bromoides. 12. Sporobolus elongatus. 3233. Digitaria velutina. 128. Eragrostis limbata. 3235. Panicum olivaceum. 131. Triciiolaena rosea. 3265. Sporobolus ramulosus. 332. Arundinella berteroniana. 3354. Pseudecliinolaena polystaehya. 416. Leptochloa virgata.

458. Sporobolus indicus. Shannon, W. C. 459. Cynodon dactylon.

461. Sorghum vulgare sudanense, 324. Calamagrostis junciformis.

463. Chloris radiata. 3672. Oplismenus burmanni.

467. Imperata contracta. 3673. Pereilema crinitum.

633. Pharus latifolius. 3674. Diectomis fastigiata.

643. Homolepis aturensls. 3675. Agrostis tolucensis.

644. Pharus latifolius. 3699. Muhleiibergia diversiglumis.

829. Setaria paniculifera.

878. Festuca amplissima. Smith, C. L.

882. Chusquea serrulata.

1075. Oplismenus burmanni. 945. Lasiacis procerrima.

Seleb, C. and E. Smith, J, D.

2298. Oplismenus burmanni. 1852. Lasiacis sorghoidea.

2301. Pennisetum compianatum. 1853. Pennisetum bambusi forme.

2360. Oplismenus burmanni. 1854. Isachne arundinacea.

Poa seleri. 2232. Tricbachne insularis. I

746 CONTRIBUTIONS FROM THE NATIONAL HERBARIUM 1

Smith, J. D.—Continued Standley, Paul C.—Continued

2233. Panlcum fasciculatum. 19549. Sorghum vulgare,

2702. Agrostis verticillata. 19554. Bouteloua curtipendula.

2703. Polypogon elongates. 19555. Pennisetum complanatum.

2704. Trichachne insularis. 19557. Anthepbora bermaphrodita.

2705. Panlcum maximum. 19558. Paspalum plicatum.

2706. Panlcum maximum. 19652. Digitaria sanguinalis.

2707. Aegopogon tenellus. 19653. Digitaria sanguinalis.

2708. Aegopogon cenchroides. 19663. Tricholaena rosea.

4891. Lasiacis sorgholdea. 19713b. Cymbopogon citratus.

4991. Lasiacis sorgholdea. 19715. Oplismenus burmanni.

4992. Paspalum candidum. 19751a. Aristida ternipes.

6848. Pharus cornutus. 19787. Paspalum candidum.

19824. Panlcum laxum. Standlby, Paul C." 19825. Paspalum conjugatum.

10121. Arundinella deppeana. 19826. Hyparrhenla rufa.

19136. Lasiacis divaricata. 19870. Lasiacis ruscifolia.

19158. Oplismenus burmanni. 19878. Lasiacis divaricata.

19169. Dlectomis fnstigiata. 19955. Arthrostylidium racemiflorum.

19171. Andropogon brevifolius. 20063. Arthrostylidium racemiflorum.

19172. Hackeloctaloa granularis. 20070. Pharus glaber.

19217. Eragrostls tephrosanthos. 20109. Lasiacis ruscifolia.

19234. Cblorts vlrgata. 20248. Panlcum trichoides.

19239. Leptochloa filiform is 20263. Eragrostls limbata.

19241. Chlorls radiata. 20316. Thrasya campylostachya.

19245. Eragrostls ciliarls. 20377. Axonopus aureus.

19256. Muhlenbergia teneUa. 20388. Hyparrhenla ruprechtil.

19262. Pereilema crlnitum. 20451. Axonopus compressus.

19269. Aristida ternipes. 20456. Panicum molle,

19285. Sporobolus elongatus. 20457. Eragrostls limbata.

19298. Ixophorus unisetus, 20459. Cenchrus viridis.

19304. Cenchrus viridis. 20461. Bambusa vulgaris.

19305, Eragrostls glomerata. 20495. Paspalum paniculatum.

19306a. Antbephora hermaphrodita. 20496. Paspalum pllcatulum.

19336. Coir lacryma-jobl. 20512. Lasiacis procerrlma.

19344. Ixophorus unisetus. 20519. Pennisi'tum setosum.

19363. Eragrostls amabllis. 20521. Sporobolus elongatus.

19369. Eragrostls tephrosanthos. 20530. Sorghum vulgare sudanense.

19379. Cynodon dactylon. 20569. Leptochloa vlrgata.

19393. Aristida jorullensis. 20574. Sporobolus elongatus.

19394. Dlectomis fastigiata. 20575. Setaria genlculata.

19413. Axonopus compressus. 20577. Panicum maximum.

19421. Lasiacis ruscifolia. 20583. Dactyloctenium aegyptium.

19437. Lasiacis ruscifolia. 20610. Eragrostls cilianensis.

19453. Bouteloua repens. 20660. Lasiacis ruscifolia.

19488. Chusquea simpllciflora. 20768. Leptochloa flliformls,

19527. Panlcum trichoides. 20790. Jouvea straminea.

19545. Panlcum barbinode. 20791. Sporobolus nrgutus.

19546. Eragrostls cilianensis. 20810. Olyra latifolia.

20867. Hyparrhenla rufa.

1,1 Some collected with Valerio and 20875. Cenchrus viridis.

some with Torres. 20876. Trichachne Insularis. HITCHCOCK—THE G IS OF CENTRAL AMERICA 747

Standley, Paul C.—Continued Standley, Paul C.—Continued

20384. Sorglium vulgare. 21891. Jouvea pilosa.

20917. Dactyloctenium aegyptiuin 21908. Chloris radiata.

20960. Leptochloa virgata. 22021. Chloris radiata.

20965. Oryza latifolia. 22027. Panicum laxum.

20973. Gouinia virgata. 22039, Oryza latifolia.

20985. Eragrostis hypnoldes. 22061. Panicum fasciculatum.

21067. Paspalum paniculatum. 22062. Leptochloa filiformis.

21071. Anthephora hermaphrodita, 22062a. Leptochloa virgata.

21085. Axonopus compressus. 22077. Paspalum paniculatum.

21086. Paspalum microstachyum. 22078. Cenehrus viridis,

21087. Panicum fasciculatum. 22083. Trichacbne insularls.

21095. Panicum barbinode. 22104. Coix lacryma-jobi.

21101. Oryza latifolia. 22105. Panicum maximum.

21105. Leptochloa virgata. 22111. Eragrostis ciliaris.

21107. Panicum laxum. 22111a. Eragrostis limbata.

21108. Paspalum orbiculatum. 22127. Cynodon dactylon.

21118. Leptochloa virgata. 22133. Panicum fasciculatum.

21138. Lasiacis rusclfolia. 22134. Ixophorus unisetus.

21163. Panicum trichoides. 22138. Panicum laxum.

21178. Leptochloa scabra. 22202. Panicum tricboides.

21184. Eragrostis limbata. 22242. Paspalum paniculatum.

21208. Muhlenbergia tenella. 22243. Oplismenus burmanni.

21234. Eleusine indica. 22247. Oryza latifolia.

21255. Pennisetum cillare. 22264. Eragrostis cilianensis.

21256. Bouteloua curtipendula. 22274. Cenehrus pllosus,

21298. Digitaria sanguinalis. 22279. Sorghum halepense.

21302. Axonopus compressus. 22287. Paspalum microstachyum.

21312. Eragrostis tephrosanthos. 22290. Brachiaria plantaginea.

21319. Eragrostis limbata. 22293. Digitaria sanguinalis.

21320. Setaria geniculata. 22355. Olyra latifolia.

21322. Dactyloctenium aogyptium. 22356. Panicum fasciculatum.

21365. Rottboellia fasciculata. 22367. Leptochloa flliformls.

21387. Aristida ternlpes. 22410. Muhlenbergia tenella.

21430. Hymenachne amplexicaulis. 22428. Hackelochloa granularis.

21430a. Panicum laxum. 22430. Panicum fasciculatum.

21479. Setaria geniculata. 22441. Paspalum adoperiens.

21482. Paspalum costaricense. 22442. Paspalum paniculatum.

21493. Paspalum costaricense. 22465. Lasiacis rusclfolia.

21494. Panicum virgultorum. 22482, Panicum barbinode.

21508. Lasiacis sorghoidea. 22485. Eragrostis viscosa.

21532. Chaetium bromoides. 22486. Paspalum plicatulum.

21624. Pennisetum setosum. 22487. Paspalum paniculatum.

21635. Cenehrus viridis. 22496. Eragrostis ciliaris.

21691. Olyra latifolia. 22507. Cenehrus echinatus.

21715. Setaria geniculata. 22524. Pennisetum cillare.

21716. Paspalum paniculatum. 22540. Trk'holaen:i rosea.

21754. Arundinella deppeana. 22541. Trichachne insularis.

21782. Arundinella bcrteroniana. 22556. Eragrostis cilianensis.

21783. Muhlenbergia tenella. 22628. Meiinis minutiflora.

21784. Eragrostis ciliaris. 22630. Eleusine indica.

21851. Axonopus compressus. 22631. Tripsncum laxum. 1

748 CONTRIBUTIONS PROM THE NATIONAL HERBARIUM

Standley, Paul C.—Continued Standley, Paul C.—Continued

22633. Arthrostylidium racemiflorum. 23486. Oplismenus burmanni.

22034. Hyparrhenia rufa. 23487. Eragrostis lirnbata.

22775. Arundinclla deppeana. 23488. Panieum trichoides.

22780. Sporobolus elongatus. 23492. Aiithephora hermaphrodita.

22788. Andropogon bicornis. 23510. Paspalum paniculatum.

22793. Paspalum paniculatum. 2355!). Paspalum adoperiens.

22823. Trlcholaena rosea. 23560. Andropogon condensatus.

22824. Paspalum costaricense. 23568. Paspalum paniculatum.

22832. Eragrostis liinbata, 23575. Cenclims echlnatus.

22830. Setaria geniculata. 23576. Arundo donas.

228C0. Phalaris arundinacea picta. 23587. Aristidu ternipes.

22874. Pa spa I um costaricense. 23596. Paspalum adoperiens.

22879. Chuetium bromoides. 23605. Paspalum plicatulum.

22880. Sporobolus olongatus. 23007. Paspalum plicatulum.

22800. OpHsmenus hirtollus, 23009. Ixophorus unisetus.

22890a. Ichnanthus nemorosus. 23037. Tripsacum laxum.

22938. Pemiisetum bambusiformc. 23040. Hambusa nnna.

22945, Panieum pulcliellum. 23040. Paspalum paniculatum.

22951. Ponnisetum eomplanatum. 23050. Paspalum plicatulum.

23002. Arundinella deppeana. 23055. Paspalum notatum.

23086. Chlorls radiata. 23093. l'anicum sellowii.

23090. Paspalum paniculatum. 23709. Panieum pulchellum.

23091. Paspalum plicatulum. 23712. Lasiacis sorghoidea.

23110. Eragrostis lirnbata. 23752. Panieum laxum,

23117. Lasiacis porghoidea. 23759. Tricliachne insularis.

23130. Sorghum halepense. 23793. Oplismenus hirtellus.

23155. Pnetylnetenium aegyptium. 23795. Cenchrus viridis.

23170. Ichnanthus m morosus. 23797. Digit aria horizontally.

23182. Arundinella deppeana. 23798. Paspalum conjugatum pubes-

23187. Panieum trichoides. cens.

23194. Aiithephora hermajilirodita. 23709. Aiithephora hermaphrodita.

23100. Olyra lalifolia. 23800. Kleusine indica,

23233. Trichacline insnlaris. 23807. Echinochloa colonum.

23235. J ouvea pilosn. 23810. Leptoehloa virgata,

23271. Paspalum adoperiens. 23840. Paspalum paniculatum.

23285. Paspalum adoperiens. 23841. Paspalum virgatum.

23280. Eragrostis glomerata. 23860. Paspalum plicatulum.

23293. Oplismenus burinannl. 23801. Panieum pilosum.

23298. Panieum triclianthuin. 23802. Paspalum decumbens.

23308. Axonopus eompressus. 23804. Eragrostis hypnoides.

23341. Eragrostis teplirosiuithos, 23885. Paspalum conjugatum.

23342. Eragrostis cilianensis. 23895. Panieum sellowii.

23343. Clitoris radiata. 23897. Panieum viscidellum.

23347. Antliephora hermaphrodita. 23898. Thrasya campylostachya.

23349. Panieum barbinode. 23905. Paspalum decumbens.

23359. Triehaclme insnlaris. 23957. Panieum trichoides.

23377. Pigitariu sanguinalis. 23958. Setaria geniculata.

23392, Ceiichrus viridis. 23963. Paspalum paniculatum.

23395. Paspalum paniculatum. 23972. Andropogon condensatus.

23429. Triehaclme insular is. 23978. Paspalum paniculatum.

23433. Conchrus viridis. 24017. Homolepis aturensis. J f

HITCHCOCK—THE GRASSES OF CENTRAL AMERICA 749

Standley, Paul C.—Continued Standley, Paul C.—Continued

24021. Eragrostis tephrosautlios. 24753. Iehnanthus axillaris.

24035, Guadua aculeata. 24761. Chloris radiata.

24065. Sporobolus elongatus. 24766. Ixophoms unisetus.

24115. Ixophorus unisetus. 24771. Panicum hirticaule.

24120. Panicum maximum. 24774. Dactyloctenium aegyptium.

24122, Lasiacis oaxacensls. 24778. Echinochloa colonum.

24131. Paspalum virgatum. 24781. Panicum maximum.

24187. Paspalum decumbens. 24782. Paspalum plicatulum.

24220. Thrasya campylostachya. 24786. Setaria geniculata.

24224. Imperata brasiliensis. 24789. Paspalum paniculatum.

24244. Lasiacis procerrima. 24796. Cynodon dactylon.

24246. Panicum pulchcllum. 24800. Eriochloa punctata.

24256. Tripsacum laxum. 24803. Digitaria horizon tails.

24263. Eriochrysis cayennensis. 24813. Olyra latifolia.

24264. Oryza latifolia. 24815. Orthoclada laxa.

24269. Gynotion dactylon. 24853. Panicum trichoides.

24331. Eragrostis ciliarls. 24872. Digitaria horizontal is.

24343. Dactyloctenium aegyptium. 24885. Panicum fasciculatum.

24361. Eragrostis hypnoides. 24889. Lasiacis divaricata.

24871. Sporobolus elongatus. 24898. Lasiacis divaricata.

24372. Echinochloa colonum. 24904. Andropogon bicornls.

24373. Echinochloa crusgalli erus- 24912. Cenclirus viridis.

pavonis. 24914. Paspalum plicatulum.

24376. Tricholaena rosea. 24926. Orthoclada laxa.

24402. Setaria geniculata. 24928. Anthephora liermaphrodita.

24405. Digitaria sanguinalis. 24941. Panicum trichanthum.

24415. Eragrostis cilianensis, 24944. Cenchrus echinatus.

24416. Eragrostis limbata. 24952. Oplismenus hirtellus.

24486. Panicum laxum. 24978. Homolepis aturensis.

24520. Leptochloa virgata. 24997. Trichachne insularis.

24564. Eriocliloa punctata. 25045. Lasiacis procerrima.

24565. Arundinella deppeana. 25065. Lasiacis divaricata.

24569, Echinochloa colonum. 25130. Paspalum arundlnaceum.

24572. Andropogon bicornls. 25137. Sporobolus littoralis.

24577. Panicum trichoides. 25138. Paspalum vagina turn.

24617. Paspalum paniculatum. 25144. Sporobolus elongatus.

24623. Panicum laxum. 25148. Panicum laxum.

24630. Leptochloa virgata. 25149. Paspalum plicatulum.

24636. Panicum trichanthum. 25176. Pharus latifolius.

24642. Eragrostis hypnoides. 25198. Trachypogon montufarl.

24649. Paspalum paniculatum. 25199. Axonopus elirysoblepharis.

24649a. Axonopus compressus. 25205. Paspalum pilosum.

24672. Oplismenus hirtellus. 25210. Aristida jorullensis,

24676. Olyra latifolia. 25236. Panicum fasciculatum.

24713. Eteusine indica. -5238. Pennisetum setosum.

24714. Eragrostis tephrosanthos. 25247. Panicum fasciculatum.

24719. Paspalum virgatum. 25248. Oplismenus burmanni.

24724. Paspalum conjugatum. 25251. Leptochloa virgata.

24725. Homolepis aturensis. 25258. Lasiacis ruscifolia.

24726. Paspalum decumbens. 25264. Andropogon condylotrlchus.

24736. Panicum pilosum. 25265. Paspalum plicatulum. 750 CONTRIBUTIONS FROM THE NATIONAL HERBARIUM

Standley, Paul C.—Continued Standley, Paul C.—Continued

25269. Aristida ternipes. 25955. Lasiacis sorghoidea.

25277. Panicnm hirticaule. 25985. Chusquea simplici flora,

25288. Hackelochloa granular) s, 25987. Lasiacis sorghoidea.

25292. Paspalum mlcrostachyum. 25995. Panicum laxum.

25298. Panicum trichoides. 25997. Paspalum paniculatum.

25302. Lasiacis rusci folia. 26001. Lasiacis sorghoidea.

25360. Bouteloua americana. 26009. Lasiacis oaxaccnsis.

25366. Eragrostis maypurensis. 26010. Opllsmenus hirtellus.

25376. Cenchrus echinatus. 26029. Ischaemum rugosum.

25381. Chloris inflata. 26032. Panicum barbinode.

25437. Olyra latifolia. 26049. Paspalum nutans.

25438. Lasiacis ruscifolla. 26055. Lasiacis procerrima.

25440. Panicum zizanioides, 26059. Setaria vulpiseta.

25445. Paspalum nutans. 26065. Lasiacis sorghoidea.

25451. Opllsmenus burmanni. 26077. Lasiacis ruscifolla.

25452. Lasiacis sorghoidea. 26096. Andropogon condensatus.

25462. Paspalum paniculatum. 26105. Paspalum microstachyum.

25477. Coix lacryma-jobi. 26106. Trlchachne insularis.

25493. Digitaria sanguinalis. 26112. Eragrostls ciliaris.

25519. Paspalum paniculatum. 26113. Paspalum plicatulum.

25541. Panicum maximum. 26114. Paspalum paniculatum.

25549. Panicum maximum. 26123. Chusquea slmplici A or a.

25584. Chloris radiata. 26144. Ichnanthus axillaris.

25608. Ichnanthus tenuis. 26154. Panicum trichanthum.

25626. Eragrostis tephrosanthos, 26266. Aristida jorullensis.

25621. Eragrostis amabilis. 26267. Eragrostis maypurensis.

25623. Chloris virgata. 26316. Sporobolus indicus.

25629. Andropogon bicornls. 26317. Panicum pllosum.

25631. Panicum geminatum. 26323. Cenchrus viridis.

25633. Imperata contra eta. 26338. Paspalum virgatum.

25635. Echinochloa colonum. 26347. Aristida recurvata.

25640. Sacchnrum nfficlnarum. 26348. Trachypogon montufari.

25650. Axonopus comprossus. 26355. Paspalum minus.

25651. Paspalum conjugatum. 26356. Andropogon semfberbis.

25652. Andropogon leucostachyus. 20359. Setaria geniculata.

25666. Andropogon bicornis. 26383. Ichnanthus tcnuls.

25674. Ichnanthus pallens. 26397. Ichnanthus pallens.

25675. Panicum pllosum. 26403. Eleusine indica.

25702. Axonopus compressus. 20406. Aristida ternipes.

25712. Opllsmenus hirtellus. 20416. LeptocMoa flliformis.

25775. Lasiacis sorghoidea. 26422. Bouteloua pllosa.

25785. Arthrnstylidium raccmiflorum. 26423. Andropogon condylotTiclius.

25813. Paspalum paniculatum. 26429. Pennlsetum setosum.

25832. Aristida jorullensis. 26430. Tripsacnm dactyloidcs.

25843. Bouteloua pllosa. 26438. Hackelochloa granularis.

25844. Bouteloua americana. 26444, Digitaria argillacea.

25864. Bouteloua repens. 26446. Andropogon brevifolius,

25901. Paspalum plicatulum. 26459. Leptochloa virgata.

25908. Sporobolus (Hiatus. 26461. Chloris radiata.

25943. Isachne polygonoides. 26463. Paspalum conjugiitum.

25954. Seta rla barbata. 26407. Sorghum vulgare. 1 I

[

A

HITCHCOCK—THE GRASSES OF CENTRAL AMERICA 751

Standley, Paul 0.—Continued Standley, Paul C.—Continued

26471. Paspalum paniculatum. 27264. Dactyloctenium aegyptium.

26476. Axonopus compressus. 27314. Paspalum paniculatum.

26494. Hymenachne donacifolia. 27318. Chloris radiata.

26497. Aristida capillacea. 27319. Eragrostis tephrosanthos.

26504. Axonopus purpusii. 27326. Cbloris lnflata.

26513. Humolepis aturensis. 27328. Paspalum paniculatum.

26517. Panicum grande. 27329. Iscbaemum rugosum.

26522. Andropogon Ieucostacliyus. 27339. Cbusquea simpliciflora.

26538. Oplismenus burmanni. 27380. Andropogon condensatus.

26554. Panicum pulchellum. 27395. Andropogon brevifolius.

26569. Isachne polygonoides. 27400. Echinoehloa crusgulli cms-

26572. Arthrostylidiuni racemiflorum. pavonis.

26605. Sorghastrum incompletum. 27402. Andropogon Ieueostachyus.

26613. Erlochloa distachya. 27406. Cenchrus viridis.

26614. Diectomls fastigiata. 27407. Panicum hirticaule.

26624. Sacciolepis myuros. 27408. Cynodon dactylon.

26633. Andropogon brevifolius. 27410. Lasiacis oaxacensis.

26635. Aristida jorullensis. 27430. Pharus latifollus.

26643. Andropogon bicornis. 27433. Cbusquea simpliciflora.

26645. Eragrostis maypurensls. 27480. Streptogyne crinlta.

26651. Lasiacis sorghoidea. 27489. Streptochaeta spicata.

26663. Panicum laxum. 27528. Ichnanthus pallens.

26679. Panicum trichanthum. 27533. Olyra latifolia.

26682. Panicum stoloniferum. 27535. Panicum pilosum.

26694. Pharus latifollus. 27569. Oplismenus hiiteUus.

26775. Bouteloua pilosa. 27644. Imperata contracta.

26780. Lasiacis sorghoidea. 27648. Echinoehloa colonum.

26796. Paspalum centrale. 27649. Cenchrus echinatus.

26799. Aristida jorullensis. 27652. Eragrostis tephrosanthos.

26804. Andropogon condensates. 27654. Panicum barbinode.

26805. Diectomls fastigiata. 27660. Setaria vulpiseta.

26820. Paspalum paniculatum. 27673. Echinoehloa colonum.

26874. Paspalum plicntulum. 27688. Dactyloctenium aegyptium.

26882. Paspalum virgatum. 27694. Sporobolus indicus.

26886. Sporobolus ciliatus. 27731. Aristida capillacea.

26890. Lasiacis ruscifolia. 27732. Sporobolus ciliatus.

26903. Echinoehloa colonum. 27762. Axonopus purpusii.

26914. Ischaemum rugosum. 27782. Paspalum centrale.

26917. Sporobolus indicus. 27802. Sacciolepis myuros.

26958. Setarla vulpiseta. 27803. Leereia liexandra.

26966. Paspalum paniculatum. 27870. Lasiacis ruscifolia.

26980. Iscbaemum ciliare. 27873. Cenchrus viridis.

26987. Bambusa vulgaris. 27874. Ichnanthus pallens.

27017. Lasiacis ruscifolia. 27895. Panicum pilosum.

27027. Panicum fasciculatum. 27909. Panicum fasciculatum.

27028. Panicum trichoides. 27927. Setaria vulpiseta.

27055. Lasiacis procerrima. 27953. Paspalum paniculatum.

27080. Oplismenus burmanni. 27954. Digit aria horizontals.

17083. Paspalum microstachyum. 27958. Leptocbloa filiformis.

27151. Uniola pi ttieri. 27959. Leptocbloa virgata.

27252. Panicum trichoides. 27960. Panicum hirticaule. ( I

I

•\

752 CONTRIBUTIONS FROM THE NATIONAL HERBARIUM

Standley, Paul C.—Continued Standby, Paul C.—Continued

28007. Axonopus aureus. 28824. Panicum pulchellum.

28008. Trachypogon montufari. 28841. Lasiaeis sorghoidea.

28019. Dioctomis fastigiata. 23849. Eragrostis amabilis.

28038. Chusquea simpliciflora. 28905. Sacciolepis myuros.

28050. Oplisinenus burmanni. 28979. Paspalum plicatulum.

28068. Andropogon bicornis. 28985. Leersia hexandra.

28092. Pharus latifolius. 28991. Isaclme polygonoides.

28142. Lasiaeis sorgho idea. 29024. Arundlnt'llii deppeana.

28146. Iclinanthus axillaris. 29036. Sorghastrum incompletum.

28165. Eragrostis maypurensis. 29062. Cliusquea simpliciflora.

28188. Aristida capillaeea, 29072. Sorghastrum incompletum.

28224. Isachne polygonoides. 29094. Paspalum plicatulum.

28320. Lasiaeis sorghoidea, 29096. Eragrostis maypurensis.

28339. Paspalum plicatulum. 29097. Ischacmum rugosum.

28341. Chloris influta. 29098. Panicum laxum.

28350. Chloris radiata, 29115. Panicum fasciculatum.

28354. Paspalum paniculatum. 29124. Paspalum plicatulum.

28362. Andropogon brevifolius. 29130. Isaebne polygonoides.

28367. Chusquea simpliciflora. 29142. Paspalum microstachyum.

28434. Panicum triehoides. 29145. Setaria vulpiseta.

28444. Panicum hirsutum. 29154. Aristida jorullensis,

28456. Paspalum virgatum. 29155. Bouteloua repens.

28469. Andropogon bicornis. 29157. Andropogon angustatus.

28482. Paspalum repens. 29157a. Diectomis fastigiata.

28485. Axonopus compressus. 29253. Panicum zizanioides,

28486. Anthephora hermaphrodita. 29263. Oplismenus hirtellus.

28489. Eragrostis amabllis. 29288. Ichnanthus pallens.

28490. Panicum maximum. 29299. Paspalum decumbens.

28495. Panicum grande. 29310. Setaria vulpiseta.

28504. Digitaria sanguinalis. 29318. Lasiaeis ruscifolia.

28512. Oplismenus burmanni. 29319. Lasiaeis sorghoidea.

28528. Echinocliloa eolonum. 29392. Andropogon angustatus.

28529. Leptochloa virgata. 29393. Bouteloua pilosa.

28534. Panicum laxum. 29394. Sorgha strum incompletum.

28535. Lasiaeis oaxacensis. 29395. Eragrostis maypurensis.

28580. Ch'oris radiata. 29396. Aristida jorullensis.

28583. Paspalum fimbriatum. 29397. Paspalum eentrale.

28584. Paspalum con jugn turn. 29398. Erioehloa distacliya.

28587. Ischaemum rugosum. 29418. Muhlenbergia tenuissima.

28598. Panicum mdgei, 29441. Ichnanthus tenuis.

28600. Paspalum plicatulum. 29488. Eehinoehloa eolonum.

28611. Panicum triehoides. 29498. Oplismenus hirtellus.

28612. Panicum pilosum. 29523. Lasiaeis sorghoidea.

28617. Paspalum paniculatum. 29548. Digitaria horizontalis.

28663. Ichnanthus pa 11 ens. 29551. Panicum pilosum.

28711. Andropogon condensatus. 29552. Eehinoehloa eolonum.

28726. Oryza latifolia. 29579. Coix lacryma-jobi.

28783. Paspalum paniculatum. 29628. Panicum pulchellum.

28794. Andropogon brevifolius. 29687. Sporobolus indicus.

28799. Eragrostis maypurensis. 29705. Paspalum plicatulum.

28806. Sctnria geniculata. 29720. Lasiaeis sorghoidea. /

/ I 4 i,

HITCHCOCK—THE G iS OF CENTRAL AMERICA 753

Standley, Paul C.—Continued Standley, Patjl C.—Continued

20751. Aristida capillacea. 30576. Orthoclada laxa.

29777. Lasiacis sorghoidea. 30591. Lasiacis ooxacensis.

29895. Chusquoa siinpliciflora. 30607. Olyra latifolia.

29904. Oryza sativa. 30617. Pharus latifolius.

29923. Orthoclada laxa. 30620. Digitaria horizontals.

29929. Oplismenus hirtellus. 30629. Oryza sativa.

29937. Olyra latifolia. 30747. Sacciolepis myuros,

29974. Orthoclada laxa. 30752. Paspalum ccntrale.

30000. Paspalum plicatulum. 30754. Isaehne polygonoides.

30038. Arundinella deppeaua, 30783. Diectomis fastigiata.

30058. Setarta vulpiseta. 30799. Paspalum vaginatum.

30062. Paspalum paniculatum. 30807. Lasiacis ruscifolia.

30063. Paspalltm conjugatum, 30808. Lasiacis sorghoidea.

30071. Homolepis aturensis. 30809. Lasiacis ruscifolia.

30078. Eleusine indica. 30871. Ischaemum cilia re.

30080. Eragrostis tephrosanthos. 30875. Cenehrus echinatus.

30082. Cliloris ratlin ta. 30876. Echinochloa crusgalli cms-

30083. Eragrostis amabilis. pavonis. »

30087. Cynodon dactvlon. 30877. Panicum geminatum.

30088. Echinochloa colonum. 30881. Paspalum vagina turn.

30092. Digitaria sanguinalis. 30893. Echinochloa colonum.

30100. Lasiacis procerrima. 30900, Eragrostis tephrosanthos.

30118. Andropogon selloanus. 30926. Leptochloa virgata.

30124. Digitaria horizontals. 30997. Homolepis aturensis.

30125. Trichacline insular is. 31045. Panicum pulchellum.

30128. Sorghum halepense. 31046. Oplismenus burmanni.

30129. Sorghum vulgare. 31061. Panicum pilosum.

30130. Panicum fasciculatum. 31108. Orthoclada laxa.

30140. Polytrias amanra. 31126. Ichnanthus axillaris.

30147. Panicum pilosum. 31181. Sporobolus littoralis.

30153. Lasiacis sorghoidea. 31193. Chloris petraea.

30154. Ichnanthus pallens. 31202. Paspalum paniculatum.

30166. Cymbopogon citratus. 31207. Gynerium sagittatum.

30175. Ichnanthus pallens. 31228. Andropogon glomeratus.

30176. Panicum pulchellum, 31229. Imperata contracta.

30216. Panicum polygonatum. 31244. Cenchrus viridis.

30217. Ichnanthus pallens. 31251. Oplismcnus hirtellus.

30230. Lasiacis oaxacensis. 31259. Pharus latifolius.

30255. Panicum trichoides. 31335. Olyra latifolia.

30257. Chusquea siinpliciflora. 31340. Orthoclada laxa.

30271. Eragrostis hypnoides. 31344. Artlirostylidium racemiflorum.

30274. Paspalum decumbens. 31350. Ichnanthus pallens.

30313. Panicum pilosum. 31374. Streptochaeta sodiroana.

30391. Panicum grande. 31464. Paspalum repens.

30392. Homolepis aturensis. 31465. Hymen.icline amplexicaulis.

30413. Axonopus compressus. 31468. Coix lacryma-jobi.

30421. Andropogon condensates. 31475. Echinochloa colonum.

30428. Andropogon leucostachyus. 31476. Eragrostis tephrosanthos.

30432. Paspalum orMculatum. 31477. Panicum trichanthum.

30447. Oryza latifolia. 31486. Leptochloa virgata.

30543. Paspalum standleyi. 31497. Andropogon selloanus. \ t \ I

754 CONTRIBUTIONS FROM THE NATIONAL HERBARIUM

Standley, Paul C.—Continued Standley, Paul C.—Continued

31508. Paspalum paniculatum. 32571. Stipa icliu.

31509. Lschaemum rugosum. 32594. Zeugites mexicana.

31510. Panicum laxum. 32595. Panicum virgultorum.

31512. Eragrostis amabilis. 32596. Sporobolus elongatus.

31529. Paspalum paniculatum. 32599. Paspalum squamulatum.

31537. Echinocliloa colonum. 32657. Cliaetium bromoides,

31558. Homolepis aturensis. 32715. Andropogon brevifolius.

31570, Andropogon condensatus. 32731. Andropogon glomeratus.

31577. Eragruslis clliaris. 32765. Eragrostis limbata.

31582. Panicum barbinode. 32779. Paspalum candidum.

31009. Lasiacis oaxacensis. 32804. Sporobolus elongatus.

31620. Clitoris inflata. 32813. Cliaetium bromoides.

31C25. Panicum triclioides, 32816. Muhlenbergia tenella.

31630. Oplismenus burmnnni. 32817. Chloris othonoton.

31637, Panicum pulcliellum. 32855. Poa annua.

31639. Orthoclada laxa. 32865. Paspalum costaricense.

31652. Panicum fasciculatum. 32870. Eragrostis limbata.

31062. Paspalum dreumbens. 32876, Paspalum paniculatum.

31669. Chusquea simplici flora. 32881. Eragrostis cilia ris.

31730. Orthoclada laxa. 32909. Poa annua.

31734. Setaria vulpiseta. 32926. Sporobolus elongatus.

31751. Panicum pulchellum. 32927. Axonopus compressus.

31705. Panicum piiosum. 33006. Muhlenbergia setarioides*.

31771. Ichnanthus tenuis. 33075. Ichnantlms nemorosus.

31770. Digit aria horizon tails. 33187. Paspalum squamulatum.

31784. Paspalum virgatum. "3269. Poa annua.

33788. Chloris radiata. 33285. Cynodon dactylon.

31837. Lasiacis sorghoidea. 33289. Paspalum paniculatum.

31850. Sorghastrum hicompletum. 33292. Paspalum squamulatum.

31858. Aristlda jorullensis. 33365. Lasiacis sorghoidea.

31859. Eragrostis maypurensis. 33450. Ichnuntlius nemorosus.

31860. Diectomis fastigiata. 33581. Lasiacis sorghoidea.

31861. Eriocliloa distacliya. 33643. Arllirostylidium maxoni.

31983. Sacciolepis myuros. 33666. Holcus lanatus.

32019. Eragrostis aeutiiiora. 33812. Artlirostylidium maxoni.

32022. Lasiacis sorghoidea. 33853. Ichuantlius pallens.

32080. Andropogon angustatus. 33870. Panicum viscidelium.

32099. Paspalum plicatulum. 33878. Olyra standleyi.

32134. Lasiacis ruscifolia. 33989. Lasiacis sorghoidea.

32232. Panicum pulclullum. 34048. Panicum olivaceum.

32267. Paspalum paniculatum. 34062. Peimisetum bambusiformt'.

32268. Paspalum candid uni. 34078. Panicum viscidelium.

32288. Mublenbcrgiii tonella. 34166. Panicum virgultorum.

32371. Tricholaena rosea. 34211. Paspalum squamulatum.

32400. Oplismeiius hirtellus, 34219. Oplismeiius liirtellus.

32454. Oplismeiius burmanni. 34303. Ichnautilus nemorosus.

32464. Sporobolus dongatus. 34502. Muhlenbergia setnrioides.

32477. Oplismeiius hirttllue. 34600. Panicum olivaceum.

32480. Muhlenbergia tenella. 34607. Holcus lanatus.

32564. Andropogon glomeratus. 34609. Loliuin perenne.

32508. Bouteloua alamosana. 34618. I'olypogon elongatus. f

HITCHCOCK—THE GRASSES OF CENTRAL AMERICA 755

Standley, Paul C.—Continued I Standley, Paul C.—Continued

34702. Chusquea pittieri. 38433. Lolium perenne.

34789. Pennisetum distachyum. 38434, Ho 1 ciis lanatus.

34849, Agrostis pittieri. 38717, Sporobolus elongatus.

34863. Chusquea lehmannii. 38758. Agrostis stolonifera.

34875. Anthoxanthum odoratum. 38763. Chusquea lehmannii.

34885. Poa annua. 38813. Poa annua.

34941. Poa annua. 38865. Anthoxanthum odoratum.

34970. Festuca rubra. 38976. Muhlenbergia setarioides.

35016. Lolium perenne. 38998. Lasiacis sorghoidea.

35019. Trisetum irazuense. 39006. Leersia grandiflora,

35037. Agrostis turrialbae. 39012. Pennisetum distachyum.

35073. Holcus lanatus. 39015. Clitoris radiata.

35074. Anthoxanthum odoratum. 39016. Paspalum candidum.

35081. Lolium perenne. 39017. Brachiaria plantaginea.

35094. Poa annua. 39018. Paspalum panlculatum.

35164. Festuca elation 39030. Eragrostis tephrosanthos.

35169. Poa pratensis. 39040. Isacbne arundinacea.

35171. Trisetum irazuense. 39041. Panicum xalapense.

35180. Paspalum dilatatum. 39042. Panicum glutinosum.

35208. Agrostis turrialbae. 39043. Panicum viscidellum.

35274. Trisetum irazuense. 39096. Arthrostylidium maxoni,

35326. Poa pratensis. 39105. Arthrostylidium maxoni.

35336. Agrostis turrialbae. 39149. Axonopus scoparius.

35372. Agrostis stolonifera. 39179. Arthrostylidium maxoni.

35444. Bromus laciniatus. 39215. Lasiacis sorghoidea.

35484. Andropogon ischaemum. I 39267. Panicum olivaceum.

35865. Eragrostis limbata. 39320. Panicum olivaceum.

35924. Pennisetum bambusiforme. 39332. Isacbne arundinacea.

35949. Arundinella berteroniana. 39394. Panicum xalapense.

35968. Trichachne pittieri, 39411. Arthrostylidium maxoni.

36049. Tricholaena rosea. 39413. Panicum olivaceum.

36146. Isachne arundinacea. 39637. Pharus glaber.

36702. Paspalum panlculatum. 39648. Lasiacis sorghoidea.

36710. Oplismenus burmanni. 39709. Pharus parvifolius.

36711. Panicum polygonatum. 40099. Eragrostis tephrosanthos.

36786. Orthoclada Iaxa. 40776. Andropogon semiberbis.

36809. Streptochaeta sodiroana. 40805. Ichnanthus nemorosus.

3(1977. Orthoclada laxa. 40830. Panicum pilosum.

36990. Phams latifolius. 40837. Lasiacis sorghoidea.

37003. Paspalum panlculatum. 40S38. Axonopus compressus.

37006. Axonopus compressus. 40920. Pharus latifolius.

37050. Pharus comutus. 40951. Ischaemum rugosum.

37178. Lasiacis scabrior. 40953. Paspalum panlculatum.

37195, Pharus cornutus. 41024. Ichnanthus nemorosus.

37276. Ichnanthus axillaris. 41084, Streptocbaeta sodiroana.

37288. Paspalum minus. 41114. Andropogon condensatus.

37386. Pennisetum purpnrascens. 41124. Polytrias amaurea.

37389. Ixophorus unisetus. 41125. Chloris radiata.

37575. Arundinella berteroniana. 41159. Streptogyne crinita.

38371. Poa annua. 41172. Setaria vulpiaeta.

38398. Trisetum viride. 11183. Hackelochloa granular is. 756 CONTRIBUTIONS FROM THE NATIONAL HERBARIUM

Standley, Paul G.—Continued Standley, Paul C.—Continued

41243. Muhienbergia tenet la. 43224. Pereiti ina crinitum.

41256. Paspalum candidum. 42264. Lasiacis rhizophora.

41278. Paspalum costaricense. 43377. Panicum olivaceum.

41283. Cliloris radiata. 43427. Eragrostis lugens.

41296. Lasiacis sorghoidea. 43430. Andropogon liirtiflorus.

4] 337. Panicum sphaerocarpon. 43476. Lasiacis sorghoidea.

41350. Lasiacis sorghoidea. 43511. Cinna iioaeformis.

41352. Muhienbergia divers iglumis. 43601. Agrostis turrialbae.

41483. Panicum cordovense. 43619. Agrost is tolucensis.

41551. Pureilema crinitum. 43620. Chusquea subtessellata.

41552. Tripsacum laxum. 43625. Agrostls bacillata.

11575. Panicum helobium. 43628. Trisetum pringlei.

41582. Panicum glutinosum. 43678. Agrostis bacillata.

41583. Paspalum squamulatum. 43741. Cinna poaeformis.

41586. Muhienbergia implicata. 43815. Poa annua.

41603. Opiismenus burmaiini. 43852. Agrostis tolucensis,

11606. Paspalum candidum. 43904. Chusquea serrulata.

41608. Muhienbergia implicata. 43995. Pennisetum hambusiforme.

41612. Tricholaena rosea. 44045. Iscliaemum latifolium.

41613. Panicum xalapense. 44066. Peieilema crinitum.

41620. Opiismenus hirtellus. 44070. Ichnanthus nemorosus.

41665. Lasiacis sorghoidea. 44071. Lasiacis rhizophora.

41683. Opiismenus hirtellus. 44221. Trichachne insularis.

41684. Zeugites mexicana. 44236. Lasiacis rhizophora.

41720. Aegopogon tenellus. 44512. Ichnanthus pa liens.

41769. Pcreilema crinitum. 44517. Melinis ininutiflora.

41771. Ischaeinum latifolium. 44523. Lasiacis oaxaceusis.

41825. Chusquea pittieri. 44587. Pharus parvifolius.

41831. Muhienbergia diversiglumis. 44888. Lasiacis ruscifolia.

41944. Arundlnaria vlseosa. 44963. Impcrata contracta.

41957. Ichnanthus nemorosus. 44964. Ixophorus uni

41984. Holcus ianatus. 44976. P liar us latil'olius.

42230. Poa annua. 45024. Paspalum [>auiculntum.

42323. Cortaderia nitida. 45151. Lnsiacis oaxacensis.

42386. Opiismenus hirtellus. 45386. Setaria paniculif; la.

42422. Arundinella deppeaua. 45498. Lasiacis ruscifolia.

42459. Chaetium bromoides. 45532. Lasiacis standleyi.

-12473. Chusquea pittieri. 45536. Opiismenus hirtellus.

42488. Paspalum convexum. 45604. Arthrostylidium racemiflomm.

42531. Lasiacis rhizophora. 45820. Lasiacis standleyi.

42552. Aegopogon cenchroldes. 45839. Lasiacis standleyi.

42623. Dactyl!s glomerata. 45848. Ichnanthus nemorosus.

42853. Melinis minutiflora. 45897. Lasiacis scabrior.

42854. Pennisetum purpurascens. 46140. Lasiacis standleyi.

42908. Icli nan thus nemorosus. 46451. Olyra latifolia.

42911. Chusquea pittieri. 46552. Antlipphora hermaphrodita.

43186. Polypofion elongalus. 46554. Paspalum paniculatuni.

43214. Paspalum candidum. 46695. Lasiacis ruscifolia.

43215. Muhienbergia diversiglumis. 46755. Paspalum dmimbens.

43216. Arundinella deppeana. 46763. Pseudechinolaena polystachya.

43218. Muhienbergia implicata. 46876. Lasiacis ruscifolia. HITCHCOCK—THE GRASSES OF CENTRAL AMERICA 757

Standley, Paul C.—Continued Standley, Paul C.—Continued

47060. Lasiaeis ruscifolia. 52784. Lithachne paueiflora.

47069. Panicum pulcliellum. 52803. Lasiaeis ruscifolia.

47076a. Arundinella deppeana. 52831. Paspalum paniculatum.

47117. Lasiaeis scabrior. 52837. Paspalum microstachyum.

47133. Olyra latifoiia. 52841. Panicum barbinode.

47160. Lasiaeis standleyi. 52845. Oryza latifoiia,

47168, Lasiaeis sorghoidea. 52852. Setaria paniculifera.

47324. Lasiaeis sorghoidea. 52864. Panicum fasciculatuni.

47328. Lasiaeis sorgho idea. 52865. Eleusine indica.

47409. Arundinella berteroniana. 52876. Streptochaeta sodiroana.

47507. Lasiaeis scabrior. 52891. Ixophorus unisetus.

47700. Paspalum nutans, 52937. Olyra latifoiia.

47833. Holeus lanatus. 52957. Eiagrostis tephrosanthos.

47838, Paspalum eandidum. 52968. Ichnanthus axillaris.

47903. Oplismenus hirtellus. 52999. Anthepliora hermaphrodita.

48228. Poa annua. 53002. Cenchrus paueiflorus.

48525, Pharus latifolius. 53020. Cenehrus echinatus.

48597. Ortlioelada laxa. 53027. Eragrostis ciliaris.

48061. Raddia concinna. 53039. Paspalum eiliatifolium.

48682. Homolppis aturensis. 53048. Digit aria horizontalis.

48758. Pharus glaber. 53051. Stenotaphrum secundatum.

48783. Raddin concinna. 53062. Panicum trichanthum.

48798. Parian a zingibcrina. 53068. Coix lacryma-jobi.

48854. Raddia concinna. 53076. Ichnanthus pallens.

49311. Coix lucryma-jobi. 53092. Lasiaeis divaricata.

49448. Lasiaeis sorghoidea. 53139. Streptoehaeta sodiroana.

49473. Brixa minor. 53161. Paspalum microstacliyum

49592. Polypogon elongatus. 53166. Guudua aeuleata.

49627. Poa anntia. 53167. Leptochloa virgata.

49710. Ichnanthus pa Hens. 53168. Axonopus eompressus.

49763. Oplismenus bui'manni. 53171. Chi or is radiata.

49781. Arthrostylidium maxoni. 53180. Panicum polygonatum.

49785. Lasiaeis standleyi. 53181. Panicum polygonatum.

49966. Polypogon elongatus. 53253. Paspalum orbiculatum.

50001. Polypogon elongatus. 53273. Lasiaeis ruscifolia.

50012. Paspalum sqnamulntum. 53277. Pseudechinolaena polystachya,

50018. Paspalum eandidum. 53312. Digitnria snnguinalis.

50068. Lasiaeis standleyi. 53313. Trichaehne insular is.

50626. Paspalum eandidum. 53315. Paspalum conjugatum.

50661. Axonopus purpusii, 53390. Cynodon dactylon.

50897. Arundinaria standleyi. 53391. Digitaria liorizontalis.

50932. Olyra standleyi. 53410. Eragrostis amabilis.

50977. Ichnanthus pallens. 53423. Setaria geniculata.

50979. Lasiaeis standleyi. 53426. Oryza saliva.

50981. Arthrostylidium maxoni. 53428. Panicum Mrsutum,

51060. Arundinaria standleyi. 53440. Eragrostis mexicana.

51199. Pharus parvifolius. 53453. Saeeharum officinarum.

51689. Arundinella berteroniana. 53464. Paspalum propiiwmum.

52618. Pharus glaber, 53471. Leersia hexandtfi.

52707. Olyra latifoiia. 53472. Panicum barbinode.

52742. Panicum. trichoides. 53473. Phragmites cominunis. i )

E NATIONAL HERBARIUM ; 758 CONTRIBUTIONS FROM !

Stakdley, Paul C.—Continued Stand ley, Paul C.—Continued

53474. Panicum grande. 54939. Digit aria sanguinalls.

53529. Panicum polygonatum, 54941. Tripsaeum laxum.

53571. Andropogon bicornis, 54946. Chloris radlata.

53585. Panicum laxum. 54965. Leptocbloa vlrgata.

53591. Paspalum miilcgrana. Leptocliloa fiiiformis.

53612. Echinochloa colonuin. 54971. Panicum trichanthum.

53642. Andropogon nodosus, 55051. Leptocbloa fiiiformis.

53643. Melinis inhiutiflora. 55116. Panicum stoloniferum.

53691. Panicum fasciculatum. 55165. Litbacbne pauciflora.

53692. Panicum hirsutum. 55222. Litbacbne pauciflora.

53693. Panicum maximum. 55325. Chloris radiata.

53748. Paspalum paniculatum. 55366. Andropogon bicornis.

53796. Paspalum propinquum, 55416. Streptochaeta sodiroana.

53805. Sporobolus littoralis. 55512. Opllsmenus setarius.

53820. Andropogon semiberbis. 55705. Paspalum fasciculatum.

53830. Chloris petraea. 55711. Panicum hirsutum.

53910. Litbacbne pauciflora. 55714. Leptocbloa fiiiformis.

53914. Panicum trichanthum. 558!fo. Panicum olivaceum.

53933. Panicum fasciculatum. 55851. Paspa lum multicaule.

54014. Digitaria horizontalis. 55870. Eragrostis maypurensis.

54035. Panicum laxum. 55871. Aristida capillacea.

54041. Panicum pilosum. 55886. Aegopogon cencliroides.

54074. Ichnanthus pa Hens. 55905. Panicum viscidellum.

64082. Guadua aculeate. 55966. Paspalum notatum.

54087. Eleusine indica. 55971. Sacclolepis myuros.

54110. Pseudechinolaena polystachya. 55994. Panicum laxum.

54131. Olyra latifolia. 55996. Paspalum stellatum.

54180. Streptochaeta sodiroana. 55997. Andropogon brevifolius.

54231. Paspalum propinquum. 56000. Andropogon furcatus,

54248. Dactyloctenium aegyptlum. 56004. Panicum aciculare.

54282. Lasiacis divaricate. 56006. Thrasya campylostacbya.

64297. Coil lacryma-jobi. 56009. Panicum arenicoloides.

54298. Leptochloa vlrgata. 56012. Andropogon condensatus.

54311. Opllsmenus hirtellus. 56017. Thrasya campylostacbya.

54473. Panicum stagnatlle. 56028. Paspalum nutans.

54484. Paspalum notatum. 56074, Eragrostis lugens.

54488. Pseudechinolaena polystachya. 5G077. Aristida vlrgata.

54507. Opllsmenus hirtellus. 56120. Hyparrhenia brncteata.

54508. Ichnanthus pallens. 56135. Panicum olivaceum.

54513. Panicum maximum. 56185. Panicum xalapense.

54543. Lasiacis oaxacensis. 56199. Panicum xalapense.

54544. Litbacbne pauciflora. 56207. Ichnanthus standleyi.

34545. Lasiacis divaricata. 56212. Paspalum umbratile.

54553. Lasiacis rusejfolia. 56214. Aegopogon cenchroides.

54557. Icbnantbus pallens. 56215. Panicum xalapense.

54701. Panicum cayennense. 56219. Panicum olivaceum.

54704. Cymbopogon citratus. 56223. Sacciolepis myuros.

54707. Cenchrus ecbinatus. 56224. Sorghastrum nutans.

54779. Lasiacis ruscifolia. 56225. Andropogon condensatus.

54784. Paspalum mlcrostachyum. 56246. Paspalum humboldtianum.

54913. Setaria paniculifera. 56250. Panicum sphaerocarpon. f I

HITCHCOCK—THE GRASSES OP CENTRAL AMERICA 759

Standley, Paul C.—Continued Thibmb, C.—Continued

56256. Sporobolus cilia tus. 5582. Setaria vuipiseta.

56261. Panicum olivaceum. Pennisetum setosum.

56262. Eragrostis maypurensis. 5582B. Setaria tenacissima.

56275. Paspalum stellatum, Setaria vuipiseta.

56287. Chloris virgata. 5583. Setaria geniculata.

56306. Arundlnella berteroniana. 5584. Panicum fasciculatum.

56308. Sporobolus elongatus. 5585. Lasiacis ruscifolia.

56311. Axonopus centralis. Lasiacis oaxacensis.

56322, Axonopus poiophyllus, 5586. Pseudechlnolaena polystachya.

56336. Oplismenus hirtellus. 5587. Panicum polygonatum.

56338. Oplismenus hirtellus. Digitaria horizontally.

56361. Panicum virgultorum. Panicum laxum.

56363. Thrasya campylostaehya. Axonopus compressus.

56367. Ischacmum latifolium. Leptochloa filiformis.

56385. Panicum haenkeanum. Panicum trichanthum,

56386. Ichnanthus pallens. Panicum pilosum.

56398. Hyparrhenia bracteata. 5588. Panicum ichnanthoides.

56407. Arundlnella deppeana. 5580. Setaria paniculifera.

56421. Aristida jorullensis. 5500. Ichnanthus pallens.

56452. Aristida capillacea. 5591. Thrasya campylostaehya.

56454. Eragrostis maypurensis. 5592. Paspalum conjugatum.

56455. Sporobolus ciliatus. 5503. Paspalum plicatulum.

56499. Andropogon saccharoide-j la- 5594. Ichnanthus pallens.

guroldes. Paspalum paniculatum.

56524. Eragrostis limbata. 5595. Eleusine indlca.

56576. Paspalum orbiculatum. 5595B. Tripsacum latifolium.

56587. Chloris inflate. 5596. Eleusine indlca.

56601. Oryza latifolia. Leptochloa virgata.

56605. Oplismenus hirtellus. 5597. Dactyloctenium aegyptium.

56642. Panicum laxum. 5598. Hackelochloa granularis,

56737. Paspalum langei.

Tonduz, A.

Thiemb, C. 8. Cenchrus echlnatus.

17. Ichnanthus pallens. 12. Panicum tricholdes.

31. Lasiacis ruscifolia. 27. Panicum polygonatum.

323. Oplismenus hirtellus. 34. Trichachne insularis.

374. Paspalum conjugatum. 58. Eleusine indlca.

376a. Thrasya campylostaehya. 61. Olyra latifolia.

534. Heteropogon contortus. 117, Eragrostis ciliaris.

781. Panicum polygonatum. 119. Tricholaena rosea.

795. Eragrostis ciliaris. 120. Coix laeryma-jobi.

5573. Pharus latifolius. 166. Isachne arundinacea.

5574. Setaria vuipiseta. 182. Pharus latifolius.

5576. Eragrostis ciliaris. 194. Cenchrus viridis.

5577. Eragrostis hypnoides. 213. Setaria geniculata.

5578. Panicum polygonatum. 224. Oplismenus burmanni.

5579. Leersia hexandra. 259. Panicum frondescens.

5580. Cenchrus viridis. 264. Leptochloa scabra.

5581. Oplismenus burmanni. 266, Panicum hirsutum.

Oplismenus hirtellus. 268. Hackelochloa granularis.

61564—30 14 CONTRIBUTIONS FKOM THE NATIONAL HERBARIUM 760

Tonduz, A.—Continued TCeckheim, H. von—Continued

284. Setarta panieulifera. 466. Zeugites meslcana.

302. Eragrostis ciliaris. 468. Arislida adscensionis.

Panicum zizanioides. 471. Andropogon malacostacliyus.

333. Andropogon bicornis. 472. Diectomis fastigiata.

363. Panicum trichoides. 473. Oplismenus burmanni.

565. Jouvea pilosa. 483. Pharus glaber.

680. Trtcholaena rosea. 654. Eleusine indica.

681. Eragrostis lugens. 055. Sporobolus purpurascens.

Sporubolus elongatus. 682. Andrupogon saccharoides lagu-

roides. 656. Eragrostis tephrosanthos.

657. Panicum sellowil. 683. Paspalum notatum,

658. Paspalum costaricense. 685. Paspalum tenellum.

715. Lasiacis rhizophora. 701. Setaria geniculata.

820. Panicum tuerckheimii. 702. Paspalum lividum.

845. Olyra latifolia. 703. Andropogon saccharoides lagu-

907. Poa annua. roides.

908. Icbnantbus pal lens. 719. Panicum virgultorum.

925. Eragrostis limbata. 720. Cynodon dactylon. 951. Paspalum decumbens. 750. Paspalum humboldtianum. 954. Eragrostis hypnoides, 766. Setaria geniculata. 1028. Lasiacis procerrima. 769. Paspalum costaricense. 1201. Eragrostis hypnoides. 771. Panicum olivaceum. 1209. Luziola peruviana. 772. Eragrostis limbata. 1210. Paspalum lividum. 773. Leersia hexandra. 1224. Olyra latifolia. 821. Panicum maximum. 1251. Agrostis perennans. 822. Cenchrus whinatus. 1253. Axonopus compressus. 848. Lasiacis sorghoidea. 1254. Panicum boliviense, 849. Aristida scliiedeana. 1255. Homolepis aturensis. 850. Lasiacis procerrima. 1269. Aejxopogon cenchroides. 851. Pennisetum complunatum. 1287. Ecbinochloa crusgalli c r u s- 870. Arundinella deppeana. pavonis. 872. Polypogon elongatus. 1292. Eragrostis lugens.

1321. Pseudechinolaena polystachya. Ti'rckheim, H. von

1322. Panicum multirameum.

34. Pennisetum bambusiforme. 1326. Panicum schiffneri.

42. Eriochrysis cayennensis. 1331. Oplismenus setarius.

56. Panicum spbaerocarpon. 1342. Panicum biglandulare.

66. Paspalum boscianum. 1362. Perellema crinitum.

78. Eleusine indica. 1363. Oplismenus burmanni.

81. Pennisetum complanatum. 1364. Eragrostis limbata.

87. Isacbne arundinact>«. Eragrostis tephrosanthos.

116. Paspalum paniculatuin. 1416. Pseudechinolaena polystachya.

117. Setaria geniculata. 1450. Setari;i panieulifera.

161. Paspalum affine. 1451. Panicum pilosum.

181. Paspalum faaciculatum. 1452. Paspalum decumbens.

428. Panicum olivaceum. 1453. Icbnantbus axillaris.

438. Oplismenus hirtellus. 1457. Panicum tuerckheimii.

440. Paspalum costaricense, 1481. Lasiacis ruscifoliu.

445. Pennisetum complanatum. 1509. Pereilema crinitum.

459. Paspalum plenum. 1510. Muhlenbergia diversiglumis. HITCHCOCK—THE GRASSES OF CENTRAL AMERICA 761

Turckheim, H. von—Continued TttBCKHETM, H. von—Continued

1799. Imperata brasiliensis. 7793. Paspalum paniculatum.

1956. Panieum biglandulare. 7794. Paspalum decumbens.

1079. Zeugites mexicana. 7795. Paspalum boscianum.

2136. Pennisetum bambusiforme. 7796. Digitaria horizontalis.

2183. Pennisetum bambusiforme. 7797. Panieum polygonatum.

2454. Luziola peruviana. 7798. Panieum trichantlium.

2483. Pseudechinolaena polystacliya. 7799. Panieum barbinode.

2486. Lasiacis procerrima. 7800. Iehnanthus axillaris,

3390. Muhlenbergia implicata. 7801. Panieum trichoides.

3771. Eriochrysis cayennensis. 8030. Setaria paiuculifera.

3772. Homolepis aturensis. 8315. Pharus latifolius.

3773. Paspalum lentiginosum. 8333. Tripsacum latifolium.

3788. Panieum virgultorum. 8478. Olyra latifolia.

3789. Andropogon bicornis. 8479. Pharus latifolius.

8480. Luziola peruviana. 3790. Paspalum humboldtianum.

8617. Panieum barbinode. 3791. Paspalum plenum.

8618. Panieum tuerckheimii. 3792. iKchaemum latifolium.

8619. Olyra latifolia. 3793. Digitaria villosa.

8620. Lasiacis ruseifolia. 3827. Echinochloa crusgalli c v u s- 8021. Chusquea simpliciflora. pavonis.

8780. Pseudechinolaena polystachya. 3828. Panieum zizanioidep. 8781. Lasiacis procerrima. 3829. Panieum pphaeroearpon. 8782. Lasiacis patentiflora. Panieum viscidellum. 8783. Panieum sellowii. 3830. Paspalum convexum, 8784. Panieum sellowii. 3831. Panieum xalapense. 8785. Panieum zizanioides. 3832. Panieum laxum. 8786. Eragrostis ciliaris. 3833. l'oa annua. 8787. Oplismenus burmanni. 3834. Sporobolus elongatus. 8788. Cbloris virgata. 3S35. Pennisetum com plana turn. 8789. Anthephora hermaphrodilu. 3836. Panieum viscidellum. 8790. Panieum paludivagum. 3837. Paspalum plicatulum, 8791. Orthoclada laxa. 3880. Pennisetum distachyum. 8792. Iehnantlius pallens. 3971. Trieholaena rosea. 8793. Paspalum minus. 3988. Muhlenbergia diver slglumis. 8794. Panieum pulchellum. 3989. Muhlenbergia ciliahi. 8795. Panieum polygonatum. 3990. Muhlenbergia implicata. 8796. Panieum zizanioides. 4036. Lasiacis scabrior. 8797. Panieum pilosum. 4037. Olyra latifolia. 8798. Paspalum decumbens.

4038. Ichnanthus nemorosus. 8799. Iehnanthus pallens.

4155. Panieum pilosum. 8800. Eragrostis hypnoides.

7695. Setaria geniculafa. 8801. Olyra latifolia.

7696. Lasiacis divaricata. 8802. Oplismenus hirtellus,

7697. Paspalum minus. 8803. Panieum laxum.

7G9S. Homolepis aturensis.

7000. Panieum zizanioides. Velasco, Luia V. (PL Guat.)

7700. Panieum zizanioides. 8859. Eragrostis tephrosanthos. 7701. Lasiacis oaxaeensis.

7701B. Kragrostis tephrosanthos. Walker, R. (PL Guat.) 7702. Panieum pulchellum.

7703. Eleusine indica. 1138. Panieum frondescens.

# 762 CONTRIBUTIONS FROM THE NATIONAL HERBARIUM

Williams, R. S. Wilson, Percy—Continued

4. Lasiacis sorghoidea. 194. Dactyloctenium aegyptium.

71. Oryza satiya. 208. Oplismenus hirteilus.

436. Andropogon leucostachyus. 245. Cenchrus echinatus.

776. Panicum pilosum, 325. Raddia strictiflora.

779. Panicum maximum. 340. Setaria geniculata.

342. Stenotaphrum secundatum. 1034. Paspalum paniculaturn.

352. Olyra latifolia. 1038. Digitaria sanguinalis.

392. Lasiacis grisebachii.

Wilson, Perot 416. Eragrostis ciliaris.

467. Paspalum orbiculatum.

89. Panicum trichoides. 594. Phams parvifolius.

169. Lasiascis divaricata. 614. Ichnanthus paliens.

188. Panicum trichoides. 630. Orthoclada laxa.

161, Digitaria horizontals. 644. Panicum fasciculatum.