DOCSLIB.ORG

Understanding the Gut Transcriptome Responses to Lactobacillus

Total Page：16

File Type：pdf, Size：1020Kb

Download full-text PDF Read full-text
Understanding the Gut Transcriptome Responses to Lactobacillus Understanding the gut transcriptome responses to lactobacillus probiotics and investigating the impact of nutrition and rotavirus infection on the infant gut microbiome DISSERTATION Presented in Partial Fulfillment of the Requirements for the Degree Doctor of Philosophy in the Graduate School of The Ohio State University By Anand Kumar, DVM, MVSc, MS Graduate Program in VeterinaryComparative Preventive and Veterinary Medicine Medicine The Ohio State University 2015 Dissertation Committee: Dr. Gireesh Rajashekara, Advisor Dr. Linda J. Saif Dr. Michael T. Bailey Dr. Jordi B. Torrelles Copyrighted by Anand Kumar 2015 Abstract Lactobacillus spp. have been tested in infants for the prevention or treatment of various enteric conditions. However, to aid in rational strain selection for specific treatments, comprehensive studies are required to delineate and compare the specific molecules and pathways involved in a less complex but biologically relevant model (gnotobiotic pigs). Here we elucidated Lactobacillus rhamnosus (LGG) and L. acidophilus (LA) specific gut transcriptome responses in a monocolonized pig model to simulate responses in newly colonized infants. Whole genome microarray, followed by biological pathway reconstruction, was used to investigate the host-microbe interactions at early (day 1) and later stages (day 7) of colonization. Both LA and LGG modulated common responses related to host metabolism, gut integrity, and immunity, as well as responses unique to each strain in pigs. Our data indicated that probiotic establishment and beneficial effects in the host are guided by: (1) down-regulation or upregulation of immune function- related genes in the early and later stages of colonization, respectively, and (2) alternations in metabolism of small molecules (vitamins and/or minerals) and macromolecules (carbohydrates, proteins, and lipids). Pathways related to immune modulation and carbohydrate metabolism were more affected by LGG, whereas energy and lipid metabolism-related transcriptome responses were prominently modulated by LA. These findings are highly relevant to the improvement of probiotic-based ii interventions in enteric infections, either to moderate specific intestinal conditions or to enhance vaccine efficacy for enteric infections. Enteric infections are attributed to millions of deaths in infants worldwide annually. Human rotavirus (HRV) is a major cause of viral gastroenteritis in infants that accounts for approximately 440,000 deaths annually worldwide, particularly in developing countries where malnutrition is prevalent. Malnutrition perturbs the infant gut microflora leading to sub-optimal functioning of the immune system. Therefore, we hypothesized that malnutrition further exacerbates rotavirus disease severity in infants. In this context, identifying the specific microbial composition and their probable function during malnutrition and RV infection has a therapeutic value; however, this has not been investigated previously. Due to various confounding factors and ethical concerns, addressing these questions in human infants is not permissible. A growing literature suggests that pigs are a more realistic, practical, non-primate model for transplanting human gut microflora compared to mice and rodent models. In this study, we established a microflora humanized (HM) pig model to study the effects of interactions between infant gut microbiota and diet (deficient vs sufficient) on RV disease. Clinically, HM pigs with deficient diet developed characteristic edema (like observed in infants with protein- calorie malnourishment), stunted growth rate, and also had more severe RV diarrhea compared to HM pigs with sufficient diet post RV challenge. Analysis of microbial structure and composition indicated that deficient diet suppressed the diversity and richness of gut microflora, and the microflora was further abundantly populated enteric pathogenic bacterial genus like the Clostridium compared to HRV challenged HM pigs iii with sufficient diet. In conclusion our results demonstrate that even short-term malnutrition in the neonatal period might compromise the infant growth rate, and the gut microflora structure and composition leading to increased incidence and severity of enteric infections. iv Acknowledgments It is my great pleasure to express gratitude my advisor, Dr. Rajashekara G for his kind guidance and constant motivation throughout my PhD degree. His mentorship has a great role in framing my career and further engaging my research interest in science. I would like to thank my advisory committee members, Dr. Saif LJ, Dr. Bailey MT, and Dr. Torrelles JB for their kind hearted guidance, close supervisions and providing me reference letters in timely during my postdoctoral job application. I would also like extend my thanks to Rajashekara lab members- Issmat I. Kassem, Huang-Chi Huang (Angie), Cláudio M. Vrisman, Loic Deblais, Rosario A Candelero-Rueda, Yosra A Mohamed and Dipak Kathayat for their constant assistance and timely help during my PhD research work. I also acknowledge Dr. Vlasova AN, Kandasamy, S., Fischer, D.D., Langel, S.N., Paim, F.C., Rauf, A., Abdulhameed, M., and Shao, L for helping me in the animal experiment. My heart-felt gratitude to office associates Hannah Gehman, Robin Weimer, and Graduate Program Coordinator Kathy Froilan for their kind support in academic issues. I would like to humbly acknowledge all professors, research scientists, post-doctoral researchers, and graduate students at FAHRP, Wooster, The Ohio State University, for their personal and intellectual support. I would like to take this opportunity to thank Jagadish, Mahesh, Basavaraj and their families for cordial hospitality and helping me in my difficult time. A v special thanks to my friend Anil K Persad who made my stay at Wooster wonderful and cheerful. Reaching this stage in my life would have been impossible for me without the kind blessings of GOD, and unconditional love, support and sacrifice of my parents, brothers and their families. My heartfelt thank and affection to my wife Meenakshi for her constant emotional support, and sacrifice during my research. And finally a source of inspiration for me to reach pinnacle of success in the science, is my sweet and cute daughter Aadyshree. At last, I would like thank all those other known and unknown persons, who helped me directly or indirectly during my graduate studies. Anand Kumar vi Vita 1999-2004------------------------------------------------Doctor of Veterinary Medicine (DVM) University of Agricultural Sciences, Dharwad, India 2004-2006---------------------------------------------Master of Veterinary Science (MVSc) G.B. Pant Univ. Agri & Tech, Pantnagar, India 2006-2007------------------------------------------Senior Research Fellow, Institute of Animal Health & Veterinary Bio, Bangalore, India 2007-2010----------------------------------------------Veterinary Officer, Dept of Animal Husbandry, Govt. of Karnataka, India 2010- 2012----------------------------------------------Graduate Research Associate (MS) The Ohio State University 2012- Present----------------------------------------------Graduate Research Associate (PhD) The Ohio State University vii Publications 1) Anand Kumar, Anastasia N. Vlasova, Zhe Liu, Kuldeep S. Chattha, Sukumar Kandasamy, Malak Esseili , Xiaoli Zhang, Linda J. Saif and Gireesh Rajashekara. 2014. In vivo gut transcriptome responses to Lactobacillus rhamnosus GG and Lactobacillus acidophilus in a neonatal gnotobiotic piglet model. Gut Microbes 2014 Mar- Apr;5(2):152-64. PMID: 24637605 2) *Anandkumar Malde, Gangaiah D, Chandrashekhar K, Pina-Mimbela R, Torrelles JB, Rajashekara G.2014. Functional characterization of exopolyphosphatase/guanosine pentaphosphate phosphohydrolase (PPX/GPPA) of Campylobacter jejuni. Virulence. 2014 May 15;5(4):521-33. PMID: 24569519 * This manuscript was selected as editorial and in author surname (Malde) was used for the first time. 3) Kashoma IP, Anand Kumar, Sanad YM, Gebreyes W, Kazwala RR, Garabed R, Rajashekara G. 2014. Phenotypic and Genotypic Diversity of Thermophilic Campylobacter spp. in Commercial Turkey Flocks: A Longitudinal Study. Foodborne Pathogens and Diseases. Dec;11(12):917-9. PMID: 25184688 4) Dixie F. Mollenkopf, Johana K. Cenera, Erin M. Bryant,a Christy A. King, Isaac Kashoma, Anand Kumar, Julie A. Funk, Gireesh Rajashekara, Thomas E. Wittuma. 2014. Impact of organic or antibiotic-free labeling on the recovery of enteric pathogens and antimicrobial-resistant Escherichia coli from fresh retail chicken. Foodborne Pathogens and Diseases. 2014 Dec;11(12):920-9. PMID: 25405393 5) Annamalai. T, Pina-Mimbela. R, Anand Kumar, Binjawadagi. B, Renukaradhya. G.J and Rajashekara. G, 2013. Evaluation of nanoparticle encapsulated OMPs for the control of Campylobacter jejuni colonization in chickens. Poultry Science. 2013 Aug;92(8):2201-11. PMID: 23873570 6) Y. Sanad, G. Closs Jr, Anand Kumar, J. LeJeune, and G. Rajashekara 2013. Molecular Epidemiology and Public Health Relevance of Campylobacter Isolated from Dairy Cattle and European Starlings in Ohio, USA. Foodborne Pathogens and Diseases. 2013 Mar;10(3):229-36. PMID: 23259503 7) Anand Kumar and M. K. Saxena, 2010. Molecular typing of field isolates of Salmonella Serovar by using RAPD-PCR. Indian Journal of Animal Science.80:3 March 2010. 8) Xuilan Xu, Anand Kumar, Loic Deblais, Ruby Pina-Mimbela, Corey Nislow, James Fuchs, Sally A. Miller and Gireesh Rajashekara. Discover novel small molecules to control Clavibacter michiganensis subsp.
Load more

Recommended publications
  • Microbiology Laboratory Exercises Third Edition 2020
    MICROBIOLOGY Laboratory Exercises Third Edition Keddis & Rauschenbach 2020 Photo Credits (in order of contribution): Diane Davis, Ines Rauschenbach & Ramaydalis Keddis Acknowledgements: Many thanks to those in the Department of Biochemistry and Microbiology, Rutgers University, who have through the years inspired our enthusiasm for the science and teaching of microbiology, with special thanks to Diane Davis, Douglas Eveleigh and Max Häggblom. Safety: The experiments included in this manual have been deemed safe by the authors when all necessary safety precautions are met. The authors recommend maintaining biosafety level 2 in the laboratory setting and using risk level 1 organisms for all exercises. License: This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution- NonCommercial-NoDerivatives 4.0 International License Microbiology Laboratory Exercises Third Edition 2020 Ramaydalis Keddis, Ph.D. Ines Rauschenbach, Ph.D. Department of Biochemistry and Microbiology Rutgers, The State University of New Jersey CONTENTS PAGE Introduction Schedule ii Best Laboratory Practices Iii Working in a Microbiology Laboratory iv Exercises Preparation of a Culture Medium 1 Culturing and Handling Microorganisms 3 Isolation of a Pure Culture 5 Counting Bacterial Populations 8 Controlling Microorganisms 10 Disinfectants 10 Antimicrobial Agents: Susceptibility Testing 12 Hand Washing 14 The Lethal Effects of Ultraviolet Light 15 Selection of Fungi from Air 17 Microscopy 21 Morphology and Staining of Bacteria 26 Microbial Metabolism 30 Enzyme Assay 32 Metabolic
    [Show full text]
  • The Role of Regulated Necrosis in Endocrine Diseases
    PERSPECTIVES system results in the typical morphological features such as rapid shrinking of the cell, The role of regulated necrosis nuclear condensation, DNA fragmentation, exposure of phosphatidylserine and a in endocrine diseases process known as membrane blebbing11,12. Phosphatidylserine exposure functions Wulf Tonnus , Alexia Belavgeni , Felix Beuschlein , Graeme Eisenhofer, as an ‘eat me’ signal to macrophages13–15. Martin Fassnacht , Matthias Kroiss , Nils P. Krone, Martin Reincke , Importantly, the plasma membrane remains intact in apoptotically dying cells, Stefan R. Bornstein and Andreas Linkermann a mechanism that prevents the release of Abstract | The death of endocrine cells is involved in type 1 diabetes mellitus, intracellular content to the interstitial and/or autoimmunity, adrenopause and hypogonadotropism. Insights from research on extracellular space. Therefore, apoptosis is immunologically silent. The detection basic cell death have revealed that most pathophysiologically important cell death of apoptosis has been misinterpreted for is necrotic in nature, whereas regular metabolism is maintained by apoptosis decades by the TdT-mediated dUTP-biotin programmes. Necrosis is defined as cell death by plasma membrane rupture, which nick end- labelling (TUNEL) method (BOx 1). allows the release of damage- associated molecular patterns that trigger an Mechanistically, extrinsic apoptosis immune response referred to as necroinflammation. Regulated necrosis comes in is mediated by death receptors such as different forms, such as necroptosis, pyroptosis and ferroptosis. In this Perspective, tumour necrosis factor receptor 1 (TNFR1) or the FAS receptor (also known as with a focus on the endocrine environment, we introduce these cell death CD95)16. To kill a cell through a TNFR1 pathways and discuss the specific consequences of regulated necrosis.
    [Show full text]
  • Rapid Identification Ofbacteroides Fragilis with Bile and Antibiotic Disks D
    JOURNAL OF CuNICAL MICROBIOLOGY, Apr. 1977, p. 439-443 Vol. 5, No. 4 Copyright C 1977 American Society for Microbiology Printed in U.S.A. Rapid Identification ofBacteroides fragilis with Bile and Antibiotic Disks D. L. DRAPER1 AND A. L. BARRY* Section ofInfectious and Immunologic Diseases, School of Medicine, University of California, Davis, California 95616, and Clinical Microbiology Laboratories, Medical Center, Sacramento, California 95817* Received for publication 21 December 1976 A simple screening test is described for separating Bacteroides fragilis from other anaerobic gram-negative bacilli. The test utilizes filter paper disks im- pregnated with 25 mg of oxgall (Difco), tested in conjunction with antibiotic identification disks. The bile disks and antibiotic disks are placed on a supple- mented brucella blood agar plate which has been inoculated by swabbing with a standardized cell suspension. After 24 h at 350C in a GasPak jar, resistance to kanamycin and bile is taken as a presumptive identification of B. fragilis. Susceptibility to one or both disks indicates the need for further identification and additional biochemical tests are required. Those strains that produce insuf- ficient growth within 24 h are not likely to be B. fragilis. The reliability of the bile disk method was tested by comparing results with 100 clinical isolates versus results with bile in thioglycolate broth, peptone-yeast extract-glucose broth, and tryptic soy agar. All four bile test methods gave equilvalent results, but the broth media required much longer periods of incubation. Bacteroides fragilis is the anaerobic gram- would quickly identify most B. fragilis strains negative bacillus most frequently recovered could significantly reduce the number of iso- from human infections.
    [Show full text]
  • Relating Metatranscriptomic Profiles to the Micropollutant
    1 Relating Metatranscriptomic Profiles to the 2 Micropollutant Biotransformation Potential of 3 Complex Microbial Communities 4 5 Supporting Information 6 7 Stefan Achermann,1,2 Cresten B. Mansfeldt,1 Marcel Müller,1,3 David R. Johnson,1 Kathrin 8 Fenner*,1,2,4 9 1Eawag, Swiss Federal Institute of Aquatic Science and Technology, 8600 Dübendorf, 10 Switzerland. 2Institute of Biogeochemistry and Pollutant Dynamics, ETH Zürich, 8092 11 Zürich, Switzerland. 3Institute of Atmospheric and Climate Science, ETH Zürich, 8092 12 Zürich, Switzerland. 4Department of Chemistry, University of Zürich, 8057 Zürich, 13 Switzerland. 14 *Corresponding author (email: [email protected] ) 15 S.A and C.B.M contributed equally to this work. 16 17 18 19 20 21 This supporting information (SI) is organized in 4 sections (S1-S4) with a total of 10 pages and 22 comprises 7 figures (Figure S1-S7) and 4 tables (Table S1-S4). 23 24 25 S1 26 S1 Data normalization 27 28 29 30 Figure S1. Relative fractions of gene transcripts originating from eukaryotes and bacteria. 31 32 33 Table S1. Relative standard deviation (RSD) for commonly used reference genes across all 34 samples (n=12). EC number mean fraction bacteria (%) RSD (%) RSD bacteria (%) RSD eukaryotes (%) 2.7.7.6 (RNAP) 80 16 6 nda 5.99.1.2 (DNA topoisomerase) 90 11 9 nda 5.99.1.3 (DNA gyrase) 92 16 10 nda 1.2.1.12 (GAPDH) 37 39 6 32 35 and indicates not determined. 36 37 38 39 S2 40 S2 Nitrile hydration 41 42 43 44 Figure S2: Pearson correlation coefficients r for rate constants of bromoxynil and acetamiprid with 45 gene transcripts of ECs describing nucleophilic reactions of water with nitriles.
    [Show full text]
  • Substrate-Mediated Reduction of the Diiron Center for 5-Demethoxyubiquinone Hydroxylation
    Aging-Associated Enzyme Human Clock-1: Substrate-Mediated Reduction of the Diiron Center for 5-Demethoxyubiquinone Hydroxylation The MIT Faculty has made this article openly available. Please share how this access benefits you. Your story matters. Citation Lu, Tsai-Te, Seung Jae Lee, Ulf-Peter Apfel, and Stephen J. Lippard. “Aging-Associated Enzyme Human Clock-1: Substrate-Mediated Reduction of the Diiron Center for 5-Demethoxyubiquinone Hydroxylation.” Biochemistry 52, no. 13 (April 2, 2013): 2236–2244. As Published http://dx.doi.org/10.1021/bi301674p Publisher American Chemical Society (ACS) Version Author's final manuscript Citable link http://hdl.handle.net/1721.1/95488 Terms of Use Article is made available in accordance with the publisher's policy and may be subject to US copyright law. Please refer to the publisher's site for terms of use. NIH Public Access Author Manuscript Biochemistry. Author manuscript; available in PMC 2014 April 02. NIH-PA Author ManuscriptPublished NIH-PA Author Manuscript in final edited NIH-PA Author Manuscript form as: Biochemistry. 2013 April 2; 52(13): 2236–2244. doi:10.1021/bi301674p. Aging-Associated Enzyme Human Clock-1: Substrate-Mediated Reduction of the Diiron Center for 5-Demethoxyubiquinone Hydroxylation† Tsai-Te Lu, Seung Jae Lee, Ulf-Peter Apfel, and Stephen J. Lippard* Department of Chemistry, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA 02139, United States Abstract The mitochondrial membrane-bound enzyme Clock-1 (CLK-1) extends the average longevity of mice and C. elegans, as demonstrated for Δclk-1 constructs for both organisms. Such an apparent impact on aging and the presence of a carboxylate-bridged diiron center in the enzyme inspired the present work.
    [Show full text]
  • Electronic Supplementary Material (ESI) for Metallomics
    Electronic Supplementary Material (ESI) for Metallomics. This journal is © The Royal Society of Chemistry 2018 Uniprot Entry name Gene names Protein names Predicted Pattern Number of Iron role EC number Subcellular Membrane Involvement in disease Gene ontology (biological process) Id iron ions location associated 1 P46952 3HAO_HUMAN HAAO 3-hydroxyanthranilate 3,4- H47-E53-H91 1 Fe cation Catalytic 1.13.11.6 Cytoplasm No NAD biosynthetic process [GO:0009435]; neuron cellular homeostasis dioxygenase (EC 1.13.11.6) (3- [GO:0070050]; quinolinate biosynthetic process [GO:0019805]; response to hydroxyanthranilate oxygenase) cadmium ion [GO:0046686]; response to zinc ion [GO:0010043]; tryptophan (3-HAO) (3-hydroxyanthranilic catabolic process [GO:0006569] acid dioxygenase) (HAD) 2 O00767 ACOD_HUMAN SCD Acyl-CoA desaturase (EC H120-H125-H157-H161; 2 Fe cations Catalytic 1.14.19.1 Endoplasmic Yes long-chain fatty-acyl-CoA biosynthetic process [GO:0035338]; unsaturated fatty 1.14.19.1) (Delta(9)-desaturase) H160-H269-H298-H302 reticulum acid biosynthetic process [GO:0006636] (Delta-9 desaturase) (Fatty acid desaturase) (Stearoyl-CoA desaturase) (hSCD1) 3 Q6ZNF0 ACP7_HUMAN ACP7 PAPL PAPL1 Acid phosphatase type 7 (EC D141-D170-Y173-H335 1 Fe cation Catalytic 3.1.3.2 Extracellular No 3.1.3.2) (Purple acid space phosphatase long form) 4 Q96SZ5 AEDO_HUMAN ADO C10orf22 2-aminoethanethiol dioxygenase H112-H114-H193 1 Fe cation Catalytic 1.13.11.19 Unknown No oxidation-reduction process [GO:0055114]; sulfur amino acid catabolic process (EC 1.13.11.19) (Cysteamine
    [Show full text]
  • Medical Bacteriology
    LECTURE NOTES Degree and Diploma Programs For Environmental Health Students Medical Bacteriology Abilo Tadesse, Meseret Alem University of Gondar In collaboration with the Ethiopia Public Health Training Initiative, The Carter Center, the Ethiopia Ministry of Health, and the Ethiopia Ministry of Education September 2006 Funded under USAID Cooperative Agreement No. 663-A-00-00-0358-00. Produced in collaboration with the Ethiopia Public Health Training Initiative, The Carter Center, the Ethiopia Ministry of Health, and the Ethiopia Ministry of Education. Important Guidelines for Printing and Photocopying Limited permission is granted free of charge to print or photocopy all pages of this publication for educational, not-for-profit use by health care workers, students or faculty. All copies must retain all author credits and copyright notices included in the original document. Under no circumstances is it permissible to sell or distribute on a commercial basis, or to claim authorship of, copies of material reproduced from this publication. ©2006 by Abilo Tadesse, Meseret Alem All rights reserved. Except as expressly provided above, no part of this publication may be reproduced or transmitted in any form or by any means, electronic or mechanical, including photocopying, recording, or by any information storage and retrieval system, without written permission of the author or authors. This material is intended for educational use only by practicing health care workers or students and faculty in a health care field. PREFACE Text book on Medical Bacteriology for Medical Laboratory Technology students are not available as need, so this lecture note will alleviate the acute shortage of text books and reference materials on medical bacteriology.
    [Show full text]
  • Mechanistic Study of Cysteine Dioxygenase, a Non-Heme
    MECHANISTIC STUDY OF CYSTEINE DIOXYGENASE, A NON-HEME MONONUCLEAR IRON ENZYME by WEI LI Presented to the Faculty of the Graduate School of The University of Texas at Arlington in Partial Fulfillment of the Requirements for the Degree of DOCTOR OF PHILOSOPHY THE UNIVERSITY OF TEXAS AT ARLINGTON August 2014 Copyright © by Student Name Wei Li All Rights Reserved Acknowledgements I would like to thank Dr. Pierce for your mentoring, guidance and patience over the five years. I cannot go all the way through this without your help. Your intelligence and determination has been and will always be an example for me. I would like to thank my committee members Dr. Dias, Dr. Heo and Dr. Jonhson- Winters for the directions and invaluable advice. I also would like to thank all my lab mates, Josh, Bishnu ,Andra, Priyanka, Eleanor, you all helped me so I could finish my projects. I would like to thank the Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry for the help with my academic and career. At Last, I would like to thank my lovely wife and beautiful daughter who made my life meaningful and full of joy. July 11, 2014 iii Abstract MECHANISTIC STUDY OF CYSTEINE DIOXYGENASE A NON-HEME MONONUCLEAR IRON ENZYME Wei Li, PhD The University of Texas at Arlington, 2014 Supervising Professor: Brad Pierce Cysteine dioxygenase (CDO) is an non-heme mononuclear iron enzymes that catalyzes the O2-dependent oxidation of L-cysteine (Cys) to produce cysteine sulfinic acid (CSA). CDO controls cysteine levels in cells and is a potential drug target for some diseases such as Parkinson’s and Alzhermer’s.
    [Show full text]
  • Springer Handbook of Enzymes
    Dietmar Schomburg and Ida Schomburg (Eds.) Springer Handbook of Enzymes Volume 25 Class 1 • Oxidoreductases X EC 1.9-1.13 co edited by Antje Chang Second Edition 4y Springer Index of Recommended Enzyme Names EC-No. Recommended Name Page 1.13.11.50 acetylacetone-cleaving enzyme 673 1.10.3.4 o-aminophenol oxidase 149 1.13.12.12 apo-/?-carotenoid-14',13'-dioxygenase 732 1.13.11.34 arachidonate 5-lipoxygenase 591 1.13.11.40 arachidonate 8-lipoxygenase 627 1.13.11.31 arachidonate 12-lipoxygenase 568 1.13.11.33 arachidonate 15-lipoxygenase 585 1.13.12.1 arginine 2-monooxygenase 675 1.13.11.13 ascorbate 2,3-dioxygenase 491 1.10.2.1 L-ascorbate-cytochrome-b5 reductase 79 1.10.3.3 L-ascorbate oxidase 134 1.11.1.11 L-ascorbate peroxidase 257 1.13.99.2 benzoate 1,2-dioxygenase (transferred to EC 1.14.12.10) 740 1.13.11.39 biphenyl-2,3-diol 1,2-dioxygenase 618 1.13.11.22 caffeate 3,4-dioxygenase 531 1.13.11.16 3-carboxyethylcatechol 2,3-dioxygenase 505 1.13.11.21 p-carotene 15,15'-dioxygenase (transferred to EC 1.14.99.36) 530 1.11.1.6 catalase 194 1.13.11.1 catechol 1,2-dioxygenase 382 1.13.11.2 catechol 2,3-dioxygenase 395 1.10.3.1 catechol oxidase 105 1.13.11.36 chloridazon-catechol dioxygenase 607 1.11.1.10 chloride peroxidase 245 1.13.11.49 chlorite O2-lyase 670 1.13.99.4 4-chlorophenylacetate 3,4-dioxygenase (transferred to EC 1.14.12.9) .
    [Show full text]
  • Obligate Anaerobe in Thioglycollate Medium
    Obligate Anaerobe In Thioglycollate Medium Restiform and pernicious Monty addled her libertarians chastens rurally or alluding drawlingly, is Lorne ungainful? Ernst often laicises intrusively when haustellate Talbert underpeep parchedly and skiagraph her therapies. Adair uncanonizing shily as Mozartean Gifford tellurizing her unsociableness disentwining septically. Anaerobic bacteria can be identified by separate them in test tubes of thioglycollate broth. Aerobic and Anaerobic Growth Lab Exercise 6 Sp16 Canvas. Enriched Thioglycollate Broth is recommended for the isolation cultivation and identification of society wide following of obligate anaerobic bacteria Composition. How to the center of oxygen allowing the pus should not as they may live session is medium in thioglycollate are entire plate in air and aerobic respiration. We extend such an organism an aerotolerant anaerobe and set just off against an additional category of oxygen relationship Those left black the facultative. A movie free from thioglycollate for the growth of aerobic and anaerobic. Opened under a medium onto a medium on medium low, obligate anaerobe in thioglycollate medium, obligate and environmental parameters. Anaerobic Thioglycollate Medium Base Himedia. Find each pipette, obligate anaerobe growth. Incubation obligate anaerobes will grow abnormal in that portion of turkey broth for the. Obligate Anaerobes are actually poisoned by various forms of oxygen. Enriched Thioglycollate Broth M73 VWR. BBL Thioglycollate Medium Enriched with CiteSeerX. The model organism Escherichia coli is a facultative anaerobic bacterium ie it is solar to operate in both aerobic and anaerobic environments. Thioglycollate medium Difco containing 1 dextrose and B. Oxygen Requirements for Microbial Growth Microbiology. Fluid Thioglycollate Medium Flashcards Quizlet. The Thioglycolate medium other the word hand stands out fast its ability to.
    [Show full text]
  • Isolation of Rhizobacteria in Southwestern Québec, Canada: An
    Isolation of rhizobacteria in Southwestern Québec, Canada: An investigation of their impact on the growth and salinity stress alleviation in Arabidopsis thaliana and crop plants Di Fan Department of Plant Science Faculty of Agricultural and Environmental Sciences Macdonald Campus of McGill University 21111 Lakeshore Road, Sainte-Anne-de-Bellevue, Québec H9X 3V9 December 2017 A thesis submitted to McGill University in partial fulfillment of the requirements of the degree of DOCTOR OF PHILOSOPHY © Di Fan, Canada, 2017 Table of contents Abstract ................................................................................................. x Résumé ................................................................................................ xiii Acknowledegments ............................................................................. xv Preface ................................................................................................ xviii Contribution of authors ................................................................................ xviii Chapter 1................................................................................................. 1 Introduction ............................................................................................ 1 Chapter 2................................................................................................. 5 Literature Review ................................................................................... 5 2.1 What are root exudates? .........................................................................
    [Show full text]
  • Transcriptome Analysis of Pistacia Vera Inflorescence Buds in Bearing
    G C A T T A C G G C A T genes Article Transcriptome Analysis of Pistacia vera Inflorescence Buds in Bearing and Non-Bearing Shoots Reveals the Molecular Mechanism Causing Premature Flower Bud Abscission Jubina Benny 1, Francesco Paolo Marra 2,* , Antonio Giovino 3, Bipin Balan 1,4, Tiziano Caruso 1, Federico Martinelli 5 and Annalisa Marchese 1,* 1 Department of Agricultural, Food and Forest Sciences, University of Palermo, Viale delle Scienze—Ed. 4, 90128 Palermo, Italy; [email protected] (J.B.); [email protected] (B.B.); [email protected] (T.C.) 2 Department of Architecture (DARCH), University of Palermo, Viale delle Scienze—Ed. 8, 90128 Palermo, Italy 3 Council for Agricultural Research and Economics (CREA), Research Centre for Plant Protection and Certification (CREA-DC), 90011 Bagheria, Italy; [email protected] 4 Department of Plant Sciences, University of California, Davis, CA 95616, USA 5 Department of Biology, University of Florence, Sesto Fiorentino, 50019 Florence, Italy; federico.martinelli@unifi.it * Correspondence: [email protected] (F.P.M.); [email protected] (A.M.) Received: 23 June 2020; Accepted: 23 July 2020; Published: 25 July 2020 Abstract: The alteration of heavy (“ON/bearing”) and light (“OFF/non-bearing”) yield in pistachio (Pistacia vera L.) has been reported to result from the abscission of inflorescence buds on high yielding trees during the summer, but the regulatory mechanisms involved in this bud abscission remain unclear. The analysis provides insights into the transcript changes between inflorescence buds on bearing and non-bearing shoots, that we indicated as “ON” and “OFF”, and shed light on the molecular mechanisms causing premature inflorescence bud abscission in the pistachio cultivar “Bianca” which can be related to the alternate bearing behavior.
    [Show full text]