Nuevos Datos Sobre La Distribución De Centrostephanus Longispinus (Echinodermata: Echinoidea) En Las Costas Españolas

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Nuevos Datos Sobre La Distribución De Centrostephanus Longispinus (Echinodermata: Echinoidea) En Las Costas Españolas Graellsia, 52: 107-113 (1996) NUEVOS DATOS SOBRE LA DISTRIBUCIÓN DE CENTROSTEPHANUS LONGISPINUS (ECHINODERMATA: ECHINOIDEA) EN LAS COSTAS ESPAÑOLAS José Templado* y Diego Moreno** RESUMEN Se aportan nuevas citas del raro erizo de mar Centrostephanus longispinus en las cos- tas españolas, repartidas por el archipiélago balear, Levante español, mar de Alborán y vertiente atlántica del estrecho de Gibraltar. Con los datos obtenidos se obtienen una serie de conclusiones sobre la distribución de la especie en aguas españolas, su hábitat y el intervalo de temperaturas que tolera. Palabras clave: Centrostephanus longispinus, Diadematoidea, España. ABSTRACT New data on the distribution of Centrostephanus longispinus (Echinodermata: Echinoidea) in the Spanish coasts Some new records of the rare sea urchin Centrostephanus longispinus are given in the Spanish coasts, all of them widespread along the Balearic Islands, Levante, Alboran Sea and Atlantic side of the Strait of Gibraltar. From these data, conclusions about its range of distribution in Spanish water, habitat and its optimal range of temperature are provided. Key words: Centrostephanus longispinus, Diadematoidea, Spain. Introducción incluida en el anejo IV de la Directiva Habitat, y ha sido ratificada en el Anejo IV del Convenio de El erizo de mar Centrostephanus longispinus Berna (Mónaco, 24 de noviembre de 1996). (Philippi, 1845) constituye el único representante DISTRIBUCIÓN GENERAL.- Centrostephanus lon- del orden Diadematoidea en el Mediterráneo. Se gispinus se distribuye por las costas atlánticas trata de una especie rara, de la que existen muy orientales, desde el golfo de Guinea hasta el sur de pocos datos. Las únicas menciones en la literatura la Península Ibérica, y por todo el Mediterráneo, corresponden casi siempre a citas que aparecen incluido el Adriático y el mar de Mármara contenidas en trabajos faunísticos más generales. (Francour, 1991). En lo que se refiere a las costas Sólo en los últimos años un investigador francés, atlánticas africanas, parece ser relativamente fre- Patrice Francour, ha centrado su atención sobre este cuente en las costas de Mauritania y del Sáhara erizo, y a él se debe lo poco que todavía se conoce (Mortensen, 1925; Anadón, 1977). Las citas más sobre su biología (Francour, 1986, 1989, 1991, hacia el sur son escasas y, en ocasiones, de proce- 1996). Por otro lado, Boudouresque et al. (1991 y dencia dudosa. En las islas macaronésicas 1996) señalan a este erizo como una de las especies (Canarias, Azores y Madeira) es rara (A. Pérez amenazadas en el Mediterráneo, por lo que fue Ruzafa y P. Wirtz com. per.), así como en el * Museo Nacional de Ciencias Naturales (C.S.I.C.), José Gutiérrez Abascal 2, 28006 Madrid ** Antonio Cifuentes, 6 - 3º dcha., 02400 Hellín, Albacete. (c) Sociedad de Amigos del Museo http://graellsia.revistas.csic.es Nacional de Ciencias Naturales y Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas Licencia Creative Commons 3.0 España (by-nc) 108 TEMPLADO, J. y MORENO, D. Mediterráneo, a pesar de estar distribuida por todo en las campañas oceanográficas de la serie “Fauna” su litoral. Una recopilación de las citas existentes que se indican a continuación: en este mar ha sido recogida por Francour (1991). 1) Campaña oceanográfica FAUNA I (julio de CITAS EXISTENTES EN EL LITORAL ESPAÑOL.- En 1989), por todo el sur de la Península Ibérica, isla España sólo existen citas aisladas de la especie, de Alborán y “Bajos de Motril”. Se tomaron mues- siendo de destacar un trabajo de Rivera (1928) tras mediante artes de arrastre entre 15 y 500 m. dedicado a Centrostephanus longispinus y a 2) Campaña oceanográfica FAUNA III (julio de Genocidaris maculata, aunque en el mismo no se 1993), alrededor de las islas Baleares y de las va mucho más allá de la mención del hallazgo de Columbretes. Se obtuvieron muestras y datos estas dos especies en aguas del archipiélago balear. mediante buceo entre 0 y 60 m y con artes de arras- También en dichas islas, Munar (1984, 1993) y tre entre 40 y 1000 m. Munar y Moreno (1984) mencionan dos ejemplares 3) Campaña oceanográfica FAUNA IV (julio de en fondos detríticos de Cabrera, a 130 m, y De 1996), por las islas Columbretes e isla de Alborán. Buen (1934) señala su presencia en fondos de tere- Se obtubieron datos principalmente mediante bratúlidos al oeste de Ibiza. buceo entre 0 y 64 m, y también se realizaron diver- En Cataluña sólo se ha citado en Blanes, por sos arrastres entre 20 y 500 m. Rubió (1971), aunque la mayor parte del material Durante la campaña FAUNA II, realizada por las estudiado por este autor procedía de barcos de costas cantábricas y gallegas, en julio de 1991, no arrastre que faenaban en la zona, por lo que no se obtuvo ningún ejemplar de la especie. puede precisarse con exactitud la procedencia La mayor parte de los ejemplares obtenidos exacta de los ejemplares obtenidos. En la mediante arrastre eran devueltos al mar, tras ser “Historia Natural dels Paisos Catalans” (Alvà y anotados los datos correspondientes. Sólo se reco- Montserrat, 1991) se menciona esta especie, pero gieron algunos, que han quedado depositados en las sin precisar más datos (posiblemente basándose en colecciones del Museo Nacional de Ciencias la cita de Rubió), y se presenta una foto de la Naturales. Los observados durante las inmersiones misma (p. 515, figura 510) que, según reza su pie, no se recogieron; únicamente se anotó su presencia, fue obtenida en Almería. En el trabajo de el hábitat y, en su caso, fueron fotografiados. Monserrat (1984) sobre los equinodermos de las Asimismo, se ha solicitado información a diver- islas Medas no se menciona la especie, ni en los sos investigadores y buceadores que considerába- diversos trabajos de tipo faunístico realizados mos que pudieran disponer de información sobre sobre distintas zonas del litoral catalán en las dos esta especie en diversas zonas (Manuel Ballesteros, últimas décadas. En todo el Levante español sólo sobre Cataluña, Alfonso Ramos, sobre el Levante, ha sido citada en el cabo de Palos (López-Ibor et Angel Pérez Ruzafa, sobre Murcia y Canarias, al., 1982). En las costas andaluzas ha sido señala- Agustín Barrajón, sobre las costas de Málaga y da en la bahía de Almería (Rodríguez e Ibáñez, Granada, y Guillermo San Martín, sobre las islas 1976), en la zona de La Herradura, Granada Chafarinas). (Rodríguez, 1980), en Fuengirola, Málaga (Francour, 1989), y en la bahía de Algeciras, Cádiz (García Gómez et al.,1995). Resultados Por último, en las islas Canarias la especie ha sido citada por Moreno et al. (1980), Bacallado et A continuación se expone la relación de las nue- al. (1985) y Pérez Ruzafa y López-Ibor (1988), vas citas obtenidas, distribuidas por grandes áreas pero sin precisar datos o localidades concretas. de nuestro litoral: Wirtz (1995) menciona la especie en una guía sub- marina de Canarias, Azores y Madeira, sin especi- 1. ISLAS BALEARES: ficar dónde la ha encontrado. - Frente a cabo Font, sureste de Menorca (campaña “Fauna III”, estación 219A, 39°48’N-4°13’E), en un arrastre realizado a 82-83 m de profundidad, en Material y Métodos un fondo detrítico con fango y restos de Posidonia. Se obtubieron 19 ejemplares. En el presente trabajo se aportan los datos obte- - Al oeste de Punta Salinas, sur de Mallorca (cam- nidos sobre la especie en unas trescientas inmersio- paña “Fauna III”, estación 227A, 39°14’N-2°54’E), nes realizadas en diversos puntos del litoral de en un arrastre entre 87 y 90 m, en fondo detrítico. Murcia, Almería y Granada (entre 1994 y 1996), y Se recogió un ejemplar. (c) Sociedad de Amigos del Museo http://graellsia.revistas.csic.es Nacional de Ciencias Naturales y Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas Licencia Creative Commons 3.0 España (by-nc) DISTRIBUCIÓN DE CENTROSTEPHANUS LONGISPINUS EN ESPAÑA 109 - Al sur del islote de Na Guardia, sur de Mallorca - En la zona de La Herradura, Granada, se han (campaña “Fauna III”, estación 222A, 39°19’N- observado 4 ejemplares en la Punta de la Mona 2°16’E), en un arrastre entre 92 y 97 m, en un (36°43’N-3°43,6’W), tres de ellos entre 30 y 35 m, fondo detrítico con piedras y dominancia del alga y otro a 3 m de profundidad entre colonias de roja Phyllophora nervosa. Se recogieron 7 ejempla- Astroides calycularis, siendo éste el hallazgo más res. superficial conocido de la especie. - Al norte de la isla Dragonera, suroeste de - En la zona de Calaburras (36°30’N-4°40’W), Mallorca (campaña “Fauna III”, estación 178A, Málaga, se han observado numerosos ejemplares 39°38’N-2°20’E), en un arrastre a 86 m, en fondo por debajo de 15 m de profundidad, en afloramien- detrítico con dominancia del ostréido Neopycno- tos rocosos (A. Barrajón, com. pers.). donte cochlear. Se obtuvieron 3 ejemplares. - En la zona de la isla de Alborán se ha observado - Al sur de la isla Espartel, noreste de Formentera un ejemplar en la estación 328A (38°57,8’N- (campaña “Fauna III”, estación 239A, 38°44’N- 2°58,6’W, a 3,16 millas al noreste de la isla) de la 1°32’E), en un arrastre entre 60 y 88 m, en fondo campaña oceanográfica “Fauna IV”, en fondos detrítico. Se obtuvo un ejemplar. rocosos con Laminaria ochroleuca, a 40 m de pro- - Al oeste del cabo Berbería, suroeste de fundidad. Formentera (campaña “Fauna III”, estación 250A, - En las islas Chafarinas esta especie es relativa- 38°38’N-1°20’E), en un arrastre a 63-66 m, en mente frecuente en la cara norte de las mismas, fondo detrítico. Se obtuvo un ejemplar. donde los fondos alcanzan mayor profundidad, y aparece a partir de unos 20 m (G.
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