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ORGANISATION EUROPEENNE EUROPEAN AND MEDITERRANEAN ET MEDITERRANEENNE PLANT PROTECTION POUR LA PROTECTION DES PLANTES ORGANIZATION EPPO Reporting Service Paris, 2003-05-01 Reporting Service 2003, No. 05 CONTENTS 2003/067 - New data on quarantine pests and pests of the EPPO Alert List 2003/068 - New finding of Erwinia amylovora in Slovenia 2003/069 - Results of the 2002 survey: Erwinia amylovora does not occurs in Slovakia 2003/070 - Surveys carried out in Estonia: absence of Bursaphelenchus xylophilus and Synchytrium endobioticum 2003/071 - First outbreak of Citrus tristeza closterovirus near Siracusa, Sicilia (IT) 2003/072 - Additional information on Citrus tristeza closterovirus in Algeria 2003/073 - Finding of Impatiens necrotic spot tospovirus in Finland 2003/074 - Isolated finding of Pepino mosaic potexvirus in Finland 2003/075 - Detection of Pepino mosaic potexvirus 2003/076 - Potato spindle tuber pospiviroid is no longer found in Australia 2003/077 - Absence of Potato spindle tuber pospiviroid in Canada 2003/078 - Isolated finding of Phytophthora ramorum in British Columbia, Canada 2003/079 - Phytophthora ramorum found on Rhododendron in Washington State (US) 2003/080 - Introduction of Agrilus planipennis (Emerald Ash Borer) into North America: addition to the EPPO Alert List 2003/081 - Introduction of Diocalandra frumenti into Islas Canarias (ES): addition to the EPPO Alert List 2003/082 - EPPO report on notifications of non-compliance (detection of regulated pests) 1, rue Le Nôtre Tel. : 33 1 45 20 77 94 E-mail : [email protected] 75016 Paris Fax : 33 1 42 24 89 43 Web : www.eppo.org EPPO Reporting Service 2003/067 New data on quarantine pests and pests of the EPPO Alert List By browsing through the literature, the EPPO Secretariat has extracted the following new data concerning quarantine pests and pests included on the EPPO Alert List. The situation of the pest concerned is indicated in bold, using the terms of ISPM no. 8. • New geographical records Citrus huanglongbin or citrus greening caused by Liberibacter asiaticus (EPPO A1 quarantine pest) is reported in Papua New Guinea. It has been detected in one location (Sandaun Province, formerly West Sepik) near the border with Indonesia (Promed, 2003). The Australian Quarantine Inspection Service (AQIS) has confirmed the presence of the pathogen in Papua New Guinea. AQIS had also detected L. asiaticus in the Indonesian part of the island (Irian Jaya) in 1999 and in East Timor in 2000 which is also a new record for the EPPO Secretariat (AQIS web site). Situation of L. asiaticus in Papua New Guinea: Present, found in Sandaun Province. Situation of L. asiaticus in East Timor: Present, no details. Studies on the presence of Phytophthora species were done in southern Sweden on 32 oak stands (27 with predominantly declining trees, 5 with predominantly healthy trees). Phytophthora quercina (EPPO Alert List) was found in 10 of the 27 declining stands. P. cactorum and P. cambivora were recovered from one stand each. No Phytophthora species were found in healthy oak stands. It is felt that P. quercina is widespread in southern Sweden and that it could be one of the factors involved in oak decline. This is the first report of P. quercina in Sweden. This paper from Jönsson et al. (2003) also mentions the presence of P. quercina in Belgium, Serbia, and United Kingdom which are new records according to the EPPO Secretariat. Situation of P. quercina in Sweden: Present, widespread in the south. Situation of P. quercina in Belgium, Serbia and Montenegro, and United Kingdom: Present, no details. • Detailed records Incursions of Anastrepha ludens (EPPO A1 quarantine pest) are reported in USA: California (Valley Center) and Texas; eradication programmes are being applied (APHIS, 2003). In Florida, larvae were found in Pinellas county in May 2003 on Capsicum pubescens (University of Florida Pest Alert, 2003). A few adults of Anastrepha serpentina were trapped in January 2003 in grapefruit orchards and various citrus trees in private gardens, in the Lower Rio Grande Valley of Texas, US. Eradication measures are being applied (NAPPO - Official Pest Notifications, 2003). 2 EPPO Reporting Service Globodera rostochiensis (EPPO A2 quarantine pest) has been found in one potato field in Steuben County, New York, US. This is the first time since 1986 that the nematode has been found outside the quarantine area. So far, G. rostochiensis remains confined to portions of 9 counties within the State of New York (NAPPO pest Alert, 2003) A US isolate of Pepino mosaic potexvirus (EPPO Alert List) has been characterized and its genome sequenced. So far, the virus has been detected in tomato samples from Arizona, California, Colorado, Florida, Oklahoma and Texas (see also EPPO RS 2001/158). This confirms the presence of Pepino mosaic potexvirus in USA (Maroon-Lango et al., 2003). More than 100 suspect cultures of Ralstonia solanacearum (EPPO A2 quarantine pest) were isolated from diseased potato plants from different regions of Russia in 2001-2002, and studied to identify the races and biovars present. As a result, 37 strains were considered as R. solanacearum race 1 and 59 strains as race 3 (of which 51 were determined as race 3 biovar 2). This confirms the presence of R. solanacearum race 3 biovar 2 in Russia. It is noted that brown rot can cause severe losses in potato and tomato in some regions of Russia, but no details are given on its distribution within the country (Matveeva et al, 2003). • New host plants Pantoea stewartii (EPPO A2 quarantine pest) was detected in the weed Setaria lutescens, which could act as an alternative host of the bacterium (Esker et al., 2003). • Epidemiology In the Lower Rio Grande Valley of Texas (US), 4 periods of cold from 1951 to 1989 drastically reduced the area of commercial citrus, as well as the number of trees affected by citrus psorosis (EU Annexes). In addition, the use of a new psorosis-free cultivar of grapefruit (cv. Rio Red) contributed to the reduction of disease incidence. However, during the past 6 years, more symptoms of psorosis were observed in the field and pattern of infection seemed to follow flood-irrigated rows, both observations suggesting a natural spread of psorosis. Examination of sections of roots and of soil collected from affected trees, revealed the presence of an Olpidium-like fungus with resting spores. Further studies will be done on the possible role of this type of fungus in the natural transmission of citrus psorosis (Miao et al., 2003). • Aetiology Since 1980, massive mortality of oak trees (more than 200,000 per year) has been observed in western coastal areas of Honshu, Japan. This disorder was formerly included as ‘fungal oak disease’ on the EPPO Alert List. Many ambrosia beetles (Platypus quercivorus) were found on stems of dead trees, but infested trees were not always killed. A new fungal species called Raffaelea quercivora sp. nov. (an anamorphic Ascomycete) was isolated from discoloured sapwood, necrotic inner bark, beetle body surfaces and galleries. Inoculation tests confirmed 3 EPPO Reporting Service its pathogenicity to Quercus serrata and Q. crispula. It is suggested that the extensive mortality of oaks observed in Japan is caused by R. quercivora and its vector P. quercivorus (Ito et al., 2003). Considering the high mortality on oaks observed in Japan, the EPPO Secretariat decided to add again this disease to the EPPO Alert List. Source: Esker, P.D.; Aalsburg, J.; Nutter Jr, F.W. (2003) Survey of alternative hosts for Pantoea stewartii, causal organism of Stewart’s disease in Iowa. Abstract of a paper presented at the APS Annual Meeting (Charlotte, US, 2003-08-09/13). Phytopathology 93(6), supplement, S24. Ito, S.; Murata, M.; Yamada, T. (2003) Massive mortality of Fagaceous trees in Japan. Abstract of a paper presented at the APS Annual Meeting (Charlotte, US, 2003-08-09/13). Phytopathology 93(6), supplement, S102. Jönsson, U.; Lundberg, L.; Sonesson, K.; Jung, T. (2003) First records of soilborne Phytophthora species in Swedish oak forests. Forest Pathology, 33(3), 175-179. Maroo-Lango, Guaragna, M.A.; Jordan, R.L.; Bandla, M.; Marquardt, S. (2003) Detection and characterization of a US isolate of Pepino mosaic potexvirus. Abstract of a paper presented at the APS Annual Meeting (Charlotte, US, 2003-08-09/13). Phytopathology 93(6), supplement, S57. Matveeva, E.V.; Pekhtereva, E.Sh.; Nikolaeva, E.V.; Schaad, N.W. (2003) Pathogenicity, virulence, and phenotypic diversity of Ralstonia solanacearum strains in potato in Russian Federation. Abstract of a paper presented at the APS Annual Meeting (Charlotte, US, 2003- 08-09/13). Phytopathology 93(6), supplement, S58. Miao, H.; Seyran, M.; deGraca, J.V.; Skaria, M. (2003) Circumstantial evidence of natural spread of Citrus psorosis virus in Texas. Abstract of a paper presented at the APS Annual Meeting (Charlotte, US, 2003-08-09/13). Phytopathology 93(6), supplement, S61-62. INTERNET APHIS - Pest Detection and Management Programs. Weekly Notice, April 28, 2003. http://www.aphis.usda.gov/ppq/ep/reports/weekly/weekly4_28_03.pdf Australian Quarantine and Inspection Service Web site. AQIS keeps weather eye on citrus industry’s Yellow Dragon’ in PNG. http://www.affa.gov.au/ministers/truss/releases/02/02326wt.html NAPPO Pest Alert – Official notifications - USA. Golden nematode Globodera rostochiensis, detection in Fremont, New York – 2003-06-12. http://www.pestalert.org NAPPO Pest Alert - Official Pest Notifications – USA. Sapote fruit fly, Anastrepha serpentina (Wiedemann), quarantine in Texas – 2003-02-07. http://www.pestalert.org ProMED posting of 2003-05-27. Citrus Huanglongbin – Papua New Guinea (Sandaun). http://www.promedmail.org University of Florida Pest Alert. Mexican fruit fly larvae and adult, 2003-06-19. http://extlab7.entnem.ufl.edu/PestAlert/ Additional key words: new record, detailed record, Computer codes: ANSTLU, ANSTSE, CIRSV0, new host plant, epidemiology, aetiology ERWIST, HETDRO, LIBEAS, PEPMV0, PHYTQU, JP, PG, RU, SE, US 4 EPPO Reporting Service 2003/068 New finding of Erwinia amylovora in Slovenia The NPPO of Slovenia has recently informed the EPPO Secretariat of a new finding of Erwinia amylovora (EPPO A2 quarantine pest).
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  • Inventory and Review of Quantitative Models for Spread of Plant Pests for Use in Pest Risk Assessment for the EU Territory1

    Inventory and Review of Quantitative Models for Spread of Plant Pests for Use in Pest Risk Assessment for the EU Territory1

    EFSA supporting publication 2015:EN-795 EXTERNAL SCIENTIFIC REPORT Inventory and review of quantitative models for spread of plant pests for use in pest risk assessment for the EU territory1 NERC Centre for Ecology and Hydrology 2 Maclean Building, Benson Lane, Crowmarsh Gifford, Wallingford, OX10 8BB, UK ABSTRACT This report considers the prospects for increasing the use of quantitative models for plant pest spread and dispersal in EFSA Plant Health risk assessments. The agreed major aims were to provide an overview of current modelling approaches and their strengths and weaknesses for risk assessment, and to develop and test a system for risk assessors to select appropriate models for application. First, we conducted an extensive literature review, based on protocols developed for systematic reviews. The review located 468 models for plant pest spread and dispersal and these were entered into a searchable and secure Electronic Model Inventory database. A cluster analysis on how these models were formulated allowed us to identify eight distinct major modelling strategies that were differentiated by the types of pests they were used for and the ways in which they were parameterised and analysed. These strategies varied in their strengths and weaknesses, meaning that no single approach was the most useful for all elements of risk assessment. Therefore we developed a Decision Support Scheme (DSS) to guide model selection. The DSS identifies the most appropriate strategies by weighing up the goals of risk assessment and constraints imposed by lack of data or expertise. Searching and filtering the Electronic Model Inventory then allows the assessor to locate specific models within those strategies that can be applied.
  • Selenothrips

    Selenothrips

    Selenothrips Generic diagnosis Female macropterous. Head wider than long, strongly reticulate, not rubrocinctus male & female projecting in front of eyes; ocellar region elevated, occipital ridge absent, cheek constricted at base; three pairs of postocular setae; maxillary palps 2- segmented. Antennae 8-segmented, segment I without paired dorso-apical rubrocinctus head & thoraxrubrocinctus antenna setae; III with sense cone forked, IV with one forked and one simple sense cones. Pronotum with transverse reticulation, no long setae. Mesonotum entire, transverse, anteromedian campaniform sensilla present. Metanotum weakly reticulate medially, with triangle, median setae behind anterior margin, campaniform sensilla present. Fore wing anterior margin fringe cilia shorter than costal setae; first and second veins with complete rows of long setae; clavus with four veinal but no discal setae; posterior margin fringe cilia wavy. Prosternal ferna divided; basantra membranous and rubrocinctus meso & metanota without setae; mesosternal endofurca without spinula, metasternal rubrocinctus tergites VII-X endofurca narrowly U-shaped slightly extending toward mesosternum. Legs without reticulation, tarsi 1-segmented. Tergites with entire craspedum, II- VIII reticulate laterally and on anterior median area; VIII with complete comb; IX with two pairs of campaniform sensilla; X median split complete. rubrocinctus fore wing Sternites with entire craspedum; II–VII with three pairs of posteromarginal setae; VII with two additional small setae. Male sternites III–VII each with one small pore plate. Relationship data Thripidae sub-family Panchaetothripinae: this group is represented widely around the world, particularly in tropical areas, and comprises about 40 genera. This is one of seven genera from Africa that appear to form a distinct clade within the Panchaetothripinae (Mound et al., 2001).