NAT. NAT. HIST. BULL. SIAM Soc. 54 (1): 81 -8 8， 2006

RARE AND NEW SPECIES DISTRIBUTION RECORDS FROM THUNG YAI NARESUAN WILDLIFE SANCTUARY ，

Martin Martin van de Bull and Robert Steinmetr

ABSTRACT

We describe the highlights of recent botanical work in Th ung Yai Na 官suan Wildlife Sanc 知町y ，westem Th ailand. New distribution records for tr 切 species 合om 血ree genera (Prun ω， Symplocos ，and ) represent southward extensions of 血柑previously known ranges in ailand. Th ailand. Most of these 田 e specie 唱 were found at lower elevations 白飢 in no 此hem 百lailand. An other four species 台。 m the genera Acer ，Aesculus ，Sapria ，加 d Cleidiocarpon ，as well 鎚 two two orchid species ，are r釘 eelsewhere 泊Th ailand ， but locally common in Th ung Yai Naresuan Wildlife Wildlife Sanctuay. Also recorded w脳血 e rare epilithic herb Impatiens kanbul 加 Isis ，which has has a res 住ic 飽ddis 佐ibution 副首凶land and occurs 0叫Y in limestone habi 飽.ts. L鎚 tly ，血児 e 甘ee species species were recorded for the frr 冨 ttime in 白巴 sanc 知的.百 lis region forms Th ailand's large 品t remaining remaining forested area and has been little explored floristically.

別 τRODUCTION

百lU ng Yai Naresuan (TYN) Wildlife Sanctuary (WS) ，3 ，622 km 2 泊 area ， is located at at the southem tip of 出e Dawna mountain r叩 ge. Together with the adjacent Huay Kh a Kh aeng (HKK) WS ，it occurs in a broad transition zone between faunal biogeographic regions. regions. This is reflected by the co ・occuη'ence of mammal species with different biogeographic biogeographic affmities. 百le Malayan tapir ，colugo ，banded 1泊S釦 g，組d certain species of primates primates and bats all reach the northem ，southem ， or westem limits of their di 紺 ibutions here ，creating a unique mammal 出 sociation not replicated elsewhere in 出e region (LE 臥 GUL & McNE 乱 Y ，1977 ，NAKASATHIEN & S百 WART-COX ， 1990). 百le flora of the region ，however ， remains poorly known. Th ere has been little botanical work to determine pattems of distribution and rarity ，species composition of different forest forest types ，and whether biogeographic pattems displayed by mammals might also apply to to pl 組 ts. We present results from recent botanical work within westem TYN 白紙 starts to answer answer these questions.

lWestem lWestem Forest Complex Ec osystem Management Pr oject (WE FCOM) ，84 ヴ ears Ann iversay Bldg ，Royal Forest Dep 紅白lent ，Phaholyothin road ，Chatuchak ，Bangkok 10900. E-mail: Marvdbul 噌 hotrnai l. com 2World 2World Wide Fund for Nature -司副 land Pr ograntme Office ，PO Box 4 ，Asian In stitute of Technology ，Kl ong Luang ，Pathum 百lani 12120 ，百 lailand. Received Received 20 September 2002; accepted 22 March 2006.

81 81 82 82 MARTIN VAN DE BULT AND ROBERT S恒則M E1Z

STUDY AREA AND 島1E THODS

百lU ng Yai Naresuan WS is located in westem Th ailand adjacent to . Together with with the adjacent Huai Kh a Kh aeng WS ， it constitutes 百四land' s first and largest N atural World Heritage Site ，and forms the core of the largest contiguous protected and forested complex in mainland ，known as the Westem Forest Complex (Fig. 1). M 吋or habitats are 合y evergreen (48.2%; = mixed evergreen + deciduous) ，mixed deciduous (26.8%; (26.8%; = deciduous hardwood forest with bamboo) ，and hi1l evergreen (1 0.1 %; = seasonal evergreen evergreen forest) types. forest Savanna and deciduous dipteroc 創 p forest (= dipterocarp- oak) oak) comprise 8.5% ，and 5.2% is secondary forest. 百le remainder (1. 2%) comprises inundated inundated (swamp) forest and agriculωral areas (VAN DE BULT ，2003). 官le s佃 C知町 is characterized characterized by rugged mountainous terrain with elevations up to 1， 811 m ，and receives 2，000 to 2，400 mm of rain annually. Botanical Botanical work was conducted as p紅 t of an ongoing investigation of the habitat types and f1 0ra in TYN. Collections and observations reported in this paper were made between March 2002 and March 2003. Th ey come from three middle elevation (70 0- 1，000 m) sites in in the footh i1l s of the largest mountain complex in westem TYN ，known as Taipa Mountain (1 5 0 15'N ，98 0 40'E). Botanical Botanical specimens collected during the bo 岡山al work are deposited at the Chiang Mai University Herbarium (CMU) in Chiang Mai and the Forest Herbarium (BK 町 ofthe

Royal Royal Forest Dep 紅 tment in Bangkok. Pr eviously known distributions of plant species in Th ailand and the region were determined determined from the literature and specimens in BKF and CMU. We classified habitats (of species species recorded 泊 TYN) according to MAxwE LL (2004) ， but mention (泊 Results) the habitat habitat terminology used by 血 e original collectors of the species. 百le following are the equivalent equivalent terms for habitats mentioned by the original collectors: semi and dry evergreen forest forest = mixed evergreen + deciduous forest; hill evergreen and lower montane forest = seasonal seasonal evergrl 田 n forest; mixed deciduous forest = deciduous hardwood forest with bamboo.

RESUL TS AND DISCUSSION

百le following list includes three tree species that had previously been known only from northem 百lailand. Th ese records from westem TYN represent significant southward extensions extensions to 血eir ranges. Th e remaining species 紅 e rare or previously unrecorded 白白e Westem Forest Complex.

ACERACEAE Acer Acer oblongum Wall. ex DC. (Santisuk ， 1998) Synonym.- A. lanceolatum Molliard Distribution.-Himalayas ，In dia (Kashmir ，Assam ，Sikkim) ， (type) ， ， south ，Myanmar ， ， (Ann am) ，Th ailand: Chiang Mai ，Kampaeng Phet (Mae Wong National Park) ， Petchaboon (Nam Nao ，Phu 印 n Rong Khl a) ，Chayaphum (N出 nphron) ， Nakom Ratchasima (Kh ao Laem) ，Uthai 百lani (Huai Kh a Kaeng) ， Chanthaburi (Pong Nam Ron ，Klong Pratong) ， Kanchanaburi (Sisawat ， Sai Yok). R A R E PL ANTS AND NEW TREE SPECaS DI STRIBU TI ON R EC ORDS 83

Laos

A. Chi aI屯 I¥< 品i

Myanm .ar 'V Vestem Forest (B urm a.) Complex

企 Nakorn Sa wan

白抽od ia.

G 叫fof 百laila.Bl

o 150 3帥 K 量ome 陸自

Figul 巴 l. Location 0 1' Thun g Yai N ares uan Wildlif e Sanctu ary in th e W es te rn Fore st Comp lex ，w 巴stern Thai land 84 MART 別 VAN DE BULT AND ROBERT S花町METZ

Habitat Habitat and elevation.-semi-evergreen forest and lower montane forest on sandstone or limestone ，500 ー1，500 m. In TYN: season a1 evergreen hardwood forest and deciduous hardwood forest ，70 0- 1，800 m. Remarks.- Th is common deciduous tree species typically occurs in seasonal evergreen hardwood fores t. In TYN it was common near streams in deciduous hardwood fores t. It occurs occurs widely along the Him a1 ayan track and the southem limit of its known distribution lies lies in Kanchanaburi (Southwest Th ailand) and Chantaburi provinces (Southeast Th ailand) (SANTISUK ， 1998).

BALSAMINACEAE lmpatiens lmpatiens kanburiensis T. Shim

Di stribution. ー百lailand ， Kanchanaburi (Th am Tam Lod ， Sai Yok ，type) ，Chaiaphum (Ban Lui Lui Lai). Habitat Habitat and elevation. 一一 open areas on limestone rocks with bamboo thickets ，80 ー700 m. In In TYN: partly shady areas on steep limestone cliffs 加自民・ disturbed savann a/ oak forest ， 800 m.

Remarks. ー百lI s rare annual epilithic herb has a res 凶 cted distribution 血Th ailand and occurs occurs only in limestone habitats. It was rare in TYN as well-recorded from just one location. 百lI s species was described in 1991 企om specimens collected 泊 Kanchanaburi ， from from which the specific epithet is derived.

EUPHORBIACEAE Cleidiocarpon Cleidiocarpon laurinum A. S.

stribution.-East Di stribution.-East Myanmar (type) ，官 lailand: Saraburi (Kl ang Dong) ， Kanchanaburi (Kl lao Yai) Yai)

Habitat Habitat and elevation. -dry evergreen forests between 750 ー1，150 m. In TYN: seasonal evergreen evergreen hardwood forest in shady ，moist 訂 'eas on limestone ，85 0- 1，000 m. Remarks.- Th is little-known evergreen tree (up to 30 m ta1 1) has been collected on1 ya few times times before and is considered very r紅 e (Peter van Welzen ，personal communication). It was loc a1 1y common at some locations in the foothills of the Taipa mountain r阻 ge ，加d was 合uiting pro 白 sely in June 2002.

HIPPOCAST ANACEAE Aesculus Aesculus assamica Griff. (Phengkhlai ， 1981) Synonym.-A. punduana Wall. ex Hiem

Dis 釘ibution.-subtropic a1 Him a1 ayas ，Sikkim ，Assam (type) ，Myanmar ，Laos ， southwest ，Th ailand: Chiang Rai ， Chiang Mai ，Tak ，Kampaeng Phet ，Mae Hong Son ， Kanchanaburi Kanchanaburi (官lU ng Yai Naresuan Wildlife Sanctuary ，Ch a1 erm Ratanakosin Nation a1 P倒的， Uthai 百lani (Huay Kll a Kaeng Wildlife Sanctuary). RARE PLANTS AND NEW TREE SPECIES DISTRIBUTION RECORDS 85

Habitat Habitat and elevation.-streams in evergreen forest ，15 0-- 1，300 m. In TYN: streams in seasonal seasonal evergreen hardwood forest and mixed evergr' 田 n + deciduous forest ，20 0-- 1，000 m. It also occurred in a seasonally moist depression in savann a/ oak: forest ，750 m.

Remarks.- Thi s evergreen tree species (up to 20 m tall) is uncommon 泊 TYN as well as in in northem 百lailand. It requires undisturbed or little disturbed forest ，al 白ough we found it it in and around frre-disturbed savanna areas in TYN. It has not yet been recorded south of of Kanchanaburi Pr ovince.

MAGNOLIACEAE Magnolia henryi Dunn (Keng ， 1975) Synonym.-Talauma kerrii Craib

Di s位ibution.-No 巾 Myanmar ，Laos ，southwest Yunnan ，百 lailand: T ak: (Doi Musoe) ，Nan (Doi (Doi Tiu ， type of Talauma kerrii) ，Petchburi (Kaeng Kr achan National Park).

Habitat Habitat and elevation.-tropical evergr ，田 n forest ，600 ー1500 m. In TYN: seasonal evergreen hardwood forest ，70 0-- 1000 m.

Remarks. ー官lis evergreen canopy tree (up to 40 m tall) is rare 泊百ailand; in TYN it was locally locally common.

OLEACEAE Fraxinus Fraxinus floribunda Wall. ex Roxb. (Green ， 2000)

Dis 出bution.- In dia (Uttar Pr edesh ，Meghalaya ，Manipur) ， Nepal (type) ，Th ailand: Chiang Mai (Pang Tawn ，Doi Sutep ，Kh ao Yai ， Tat Noi ，Doi Chiang Dao) ，Phitsanulok (Phu Rom Ro) ， Loei (Phu Kr adueng). Habitat Habitat and elevation. 一-e vergreen forest ，80 0-- 1，800 m. In TYN: seasonal evergreen hardwood forest ，800 ー1，000 m.

Remarks. ー官官白血dividuals of this briefly deciduous 回 e (up to 25 m tall) were found inTYN 泊 June2002. 百世 s reωrd represents a 300 km sou 血wardex 飽nsion of the previously known dis 釘ibution.

RAFFLESIACEAE Sapria Sapria himalayana Gri tT. Synonym.-Richthofenia Synonym.-Richthofenia siamensis Hoss.

Dis 位ibution.- In dia (type) ，Cambodia ， and Vietnam ，Th ailand: Chiang Mai (Doi Sutep ， type type of Richthofenia siamensis) ，Ranong (Kh ao Pho Ta Chongdong) ，Kampaeng Phet (Mae Wong National Park) ，Uthai 官 lani (Huai Kh a Kaeng Wildlife Sanctuary).

Habitat Habitat and elevation.-montane evergrl 田 n forest above 1000 m. In TYN: seasonal evergr' 田 n hardwood forest ， in shady and moist areas ，800 m. 86 MARTIN VAN DE BULT AND ROBERT S担問METZ

Remarks.- In TYN 也is leafless p紅 asi 旬 was f'O und gr 'O w 泊.g 'O n 白er 'O'O ts 'O f the w 'O'O dy climber climber Tetrastigma cruciatum Craib & Gagnep. (Vitaceae) and was l'O ca1 1y c'O mm 'O n. Thi s species species has been prop 'O sed f'O r threatened sta 佃 s by the W 'Or1 dC 'O nservati 'O n Uni 'O n (IUCN). 百lI s species has p'O'O r dispers a1 capab i1i ties and al 'O w repr 'O ducti 'O n rate. Sapria is hi gh1 y h 'O st specific -o nly 白ree Tetrastigma species 釘 'e kn 'O wn as h 'O sts. Thre ats t'O出 is species in c1 ude disturbance t 'O its h'O sts ，c'O llecti 'O nf 'O r putative medicin a1 pu 中'O ses ，and habitat l'O ss (ELLIO 甘， 1992).

ROSACEAE Prunus cerasoides Ham. ex D. Don (Vidal ， 1970)

Syn 'O nym.-P. hosseusii Di els

Dis 凶buti 'O n.-temperate Him a1 aya ，Nep a1 (type) ，Myanmar ，n 'O rth La 'O s，n 'O rth Vietnam ， s'O uth Ch 泊a，Th ailand: Chiang Mai (D 'O i Sutep ， type 'O f P. hosseusu) ，Kampaeng Phet (Mae W 'O ng Nati 'O n a1 P紅 k)

Habitat Habitat and elevati 'O n: subtr 'O pic a1 m 'O ntane f'O rest ，disturbed seas 'O n a1 evergreen f'O rest ， 1，00 0- 1，700 m. In TYN: disturbed se 酪'O na1 evergreen hardw 'O'O df 'O rest ，700 ー900 m.

Remarks. -d ecidu 'O us 紅白 up t 'O 18 m t a1!. It is unc 'O mm 'O n in n 'O rthern Th ailand ，where it has has been c'O mm 'On1 y planted f'O r its 'O rnament a1 va1 ue. 百lI s rec 'O rd represents a 150 km s'O uthward extensi 'O n 'O f the previ 'O us kn 'O wn dis 凶buti 'O n.

SY 勘1P LOCACEAE

Symplocos Symplocos henschelii (Mor.) Bth. ex CI. ssp. l鵬 'g n伊ca (Flet.) Noot. (Nooteboom ， 1981)

Basi 'O nym. -S. magn 折ca F1 et.

Dis 凶buti 'O n.- Th ailand: Chiang Mai (D 'O i In than 'O n， type)

Habitat Habitat and elevati 'O n: l'O wer m 'O ntane f'O rest ，1，4 00- 1，800 m. In TYN: seas 'O n a1 evergreen hardw 'O'O df 'O rest ，80ι1 ，000 m.

Remarks. ー百is rare evergreen tree t蹴'O n(upω30m 凶 1) is p 'O ssibly endemic t'O百 ailand. Less 白叩 five c'O llecti 'O ns have been made ，a1 1 at D 'O i In than 'O n and nearby m 'O untains in n 'O rthern Th ailand. In TYN it was l'O ca11 yc 'O mm 'O n ，scattered in middle elevati 'O n prim 紅 y evergreen evergreen f'O res t. Besides representing a significant s'O uthward exp 釦 si 'O n 'O f its kn 'O wn range range (500 km) ， these fmdings a1 ter its kn 'O wn elevati 'O n range as well.

ORCHIDACEAE

Over c'Ol1 ecting and habitat l'O ss have depleted 'O rchid p'O pu1 ati 'O ns in 官la i1 and. It is an 町 'gent 旬sk f'O rb 'O阿国 sts t 'O study dis 凶.buti 'O n pa 防 rns and habitat preferences bef 'O re these species species disappear fr 'O m the w i1 d. We rep 'O rt tw 'O 'O rchid species 企om TYN 白紙紅e rare elsewhere elsewhere in 百 ai1 and. Cyrtosia Cyrtosia nana (Rol. ex Dow.) Garay (Seidenfaden ， 1995)

Basi 'O nym. -G aleola nana R 'O lfe ex D 'O w. RARE PLANTS AND NEW TREE SPECIES DISTRIBUTION RECORDS 87

Distribution.-Chiang Distribution.-Chiang Mai (Doi Suthep) ，Nan (Sompoi) ， Kanchanaburi (Huay Ban Kew ， Thong Pa Poom).

Habitat Habitat and elevation. 一一 evergreen lowland and montane forest ，800 ー1，325 m. In TYN: seasonal seasonal evergreen hardwood forest ， shady areas on limestone ，85 0- 1，000 m.

Remarks. 一一 This small (up to 15 cm tall) terres 仕ia1 orchid is lea f1 ess and saprophytic; it has underground underground rhizomes and characteristic f1 eshy ，banana shaped capsules. It is r訂 em τbailand ， but locally comrnon in TYN.

ORCHIDACEAE Subfamily APOST ASIOIDEAE (APOSTASIACEAE) Neuwiedia siamensis de Vogel (de Vogel ， 1969)

Distribution. 一一 Kanchanaburi (Kwai Noi basin ，Pan Pang valley) ， Ratchaburi (type). Habitat Habitat and elevation. 一-e vergreen wet lowland forest ，and river valleys ，40 0- 800 m. In In TYN: seasonal evergreen hardwood forest ， shady and moist areas on limestone ， 90 0- 1，000 m.

Remarks. ー百is rare terres 出al orchid has a di 柑 ibution restricted to westem Th ailand. Only a few clusters were found in TYN.

CONCLUSIONS

New records for three 紅白 species in TYN repr ，田 ent significant southward extensions of of their previously known geographic distributions in Th ailand. These extensions range from 150 km for Prunus cerasoides to 500 km for Symplocos henschelii ssp. magnifica.

Some rare and little known species such as Cyrtosia nana 佃 d Cleidiocarpon laurinum 訂 e locally locally common in evergreen forest in TYN. In contrast ， other rare species ，namely Impatiens kanburiensis kanburiensis and Neuwiedia siamensis ，were found in small clusters (1 5-50 individuals) at just just one location 泊 TYN. Two of the species we observed ，namely Prunus cerasoides and Symplocos Symplocos henschelii ssp. magnifica ， occurred at elevations that were 300 to 600 m lower than than for their populations in northem Thailand. Together ， these new observations are of botanical botanical and conservation interest ， because they expand our understanding of the status of rare rare and little-known plant species.

ACKNOWLEDG 勘1E NTS

Th e World Wide Fund field research team consisted of Wanlop Chutipong ， Naret Seuaturian ，and Kietipoom Kaewplang. We would like to express our gratitude to Mr. Paiboon Paiboon Sawetm a1 anon ， former superintendent of Th ung Yai Naresuan Wildlife Sanctuary ， Mr. Erb Chungsaat ， present superintendent there ， his assistant ，Mr. Pongpan ，and Th ung Yai Yai staff. Th anks a1 so to 血e Department of Nation a1 Parks ，Wildlife ，and Plant Conservation ， and the Bangkok Forest Herbarium (BKF). Botanical assistance was received from D r.

Somran Suddee (BKF) ， Dr. Chamlong Pheng 刷 ai (BKF) 担 dD r. Peter van Welzen (L eiden).

We thank J. F. Maxwell (CMU) for his patience in identifying our specimens 叩 d critical comments. 88 88 MART 別 VAN DE BULT AND ROBERT Sτ 芭別METZ

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