TNM093 — Practical Data Visualization and Virtual Reality
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Realistic Modeling and Rendering of Plant Ecosystems
Realistic modeling and rendering of plant ecosystems Oliver Deussen1 Pat Hanrahan2 Bernd Lintermann3 RadomÂõr MechÏ 4 Matt Pharr2 Przemyslaw Prusinkiewicz4 1 Otto-von-Guericke University of Magdeburg 2 Stanford University 3 The ZKM Center for Art and Media Karlsruhe 4 The University of Calgary Abstract grasslands, human-made environments, for instance parks and gar- dens, and intermediate environments, such as lands recolonized by Modeling and rendering of natural scenes with thousands of plants vegetation after forest ®res or logging. Models of these ecosystems poses a number of problems. The terrain must be modeled and plants have a wide range of existing and potential applications, including must be distributed throughout it in a realistic manner, re¯ecting the computer-assisted landscape and garden design, prediction and vi- interactions of plants with each other and with their environment. sualization of the effects of logging on the landscape, visualization Geometric models of individual plants, consistent with their po- of models of ecosystems for research and educational purposes, sitions within the ecosystem, must be synthesized to populate the and synthesis of scenes for computer animations, drive and ¯ight scene. The scene, which may consist of billions of primitives, must simulators, games, and computer art. be rendered ef®ciently while incorporating the subtleties of lighting Beautiful images of forests and meadows were created as early in a natural environment. as 1985 by Reeves and Blau [50] and featured in the computer We have developed a system built around a pipeline of tools that animation The Adventures of Andre and Wally B. [34]. Reeves and address these tasks. -
Visualization in Multiobjective Optimization
Final version Visualization in Multiobjective Optimization Bogdan Filipič Tea Tušar Tutorial slides are available at CEC Tutorial, Donostia - San Sebastián, June 5, 2017 http://dis.ijs.si/tea/research.htm Computational Intelligence Group Department of Intelligent Systems Jožef Stefan Institute Ljubljana, Slovenia 2 Contents Introduction A taxonomy of visualization methods Visualizing single approximation sets Introduction Visualizing repeated approximation sets Summary References 3 Introduction Introduction Multiobjective optimization problem Visualization in multiobjective optimization Minimize Useful for different purposes [14] f: X ! F • Analysis of solutions and solution sets f:(x ;:::; x ) 7! (f (x ;:::; x );:::; f (x ;:::; x )) 1 n 1 1 n m 1 n • Decision support in interactive optimization • Analysis of algorithm performance • X is an n-dimensional decision space ⊆ Rm ≥ • F is an m-dimensional objective space (m 2) Visualizing solution sets in the decision space • Problem-specific ! Conflicting objectives a set of optimal solutions • If X ⊆ Rm, any method for visualizing multidimensional • Pareto set in the decision space solutions can be used • Pareto front in the objective space • Not the focus of this tutorial 4 5 Introduction Introduction Visualization can be hard even in 2-D Stochastic optimization algorithms Visualizing solution sets in the objective space • Single run ! single approximation set • Interested in sets of mutually nondominated solutions called ! approximation sets • Multiple runs multiple approximation sets • Different -
Inviwo — a Visualization System with Usage Abstraction Levels
IEEE TRANSACTIONS ON VISUALIZATION AND COMPUTER GRAPHICS, VOL X, NO. Y, MAY 2019 1 Inviwo — A Visualization System with Usage Abstraction Levels Daniel Jonsson,¨ Peter Steneteg, Erik Sunden,´ Rickard Englund, Sathish Kottravel, Martin Falk, Member, IEEE, Anders Ynnerman, Ingrid Hotz, and Timo Ropinski Member, IEEE, Abstract—The complexity of today’s visualization applications demands specific visualization systems tailored for the development of these applications. Frequently, such systems utilize levels of abstraction to improve the application development process, for instance by providing a data flow network editor. Unfortunately, these abstractions result in several issues, which need to be circumvented through an abstraction-centered system design. Often, a high level of abstraction hides low level details, which makes it difficult to directly access the underlying computing platform, which would be important to achieve an optimal performance. Therefore, we propose a layer structure developed for modern and sustainable visualization systems allowing developers to interact with all contained abstraction levels. We refer to this interaction capabilities as usage abstraction levels, since we target application developers with various levels of experience. We formulate the requirements for such a system, derive the desired architecture, and present how the concepts have been exemplary realized within the Inviwo visualization system. Furthermore, we address several specific challenges that arise during the realization of such a layered architecture, such as communication between different computing platforms, performance centered encapsulation, as well as layer-independent development by supporting cross layer documentation and debugging capabilities. Index Terms—Visualization systems, data visualization, visual analytics, data analysis, computer graphics, image processing. F 1 INTRODUCTION The field of visualization is maturing, and a shift can be employing different layers of abstraction. -
A Process for Digitizing and Simulating Biologically Realistic Oligocellular Networks Demonstrated for the Neuro-Glio-Vascular Ensemble Edited By: Yu-Guo Yu, Jay S
fnins-12-00664 September 27, 2018 Time: 15:25 # 1 METHODS published: 25 September 2018 doi: 10.3389/fnins.2018.00664 A Process for Digitizing and Simulating Biologically Realistic Oligocellular Networks Demonstrated for the Neuro-Glio-Vascular Ensemble Edited by: Yu-Guo Yu, Jay S. Coggan1 †, Corrado Calì2 †, Daniel Keller1, Marco Agus3,4, Daniya Boges2, Fudan University, China * * Marwan Abdellah1, Kalpana Kare2, Heikki Lehväslaiho2,5, Stefan Eilemann1, Reviewed by: Renaud Blaise Jolivet6,7, Markus Hadwiger3, Henry Markram1, Felix Schürmann1 and Clare Howarth, Pierre J. Magistretti2 University of Sheffield, United Kingdom 1 Blue Brain Project, École Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne (EPFL), Geneva, Switzerland, 2 Biological and Environmental Ying Wu, Sciences and Engineering Division, King Abdullah University of Science and Technology, Thuwal, Saudi Arabia, 3 Visual Xi’an Jiaotong University, China Computing Center, King Abdullah University of Science and Technology, Thuwal, Saudi Arabia, 4 CRS4, Center of Research *Correspondence: and Advanced Studies in Sardinia, Visual Computing, Pula, Italy, 5 CSC – IT Center for Science, Espoo, Finland, Jay S. Coggan 6 Département de Physique Nucléaire et Corpusculaire, University of Geneva, Geneva, Switzerland, 7 The European jay.coggan@epfl.ch; Organization for Nuclear Research, Geneva, Switzerland [email protected] Corrado Calì [email protected]; One will not understand the brain without an integrated exploration of structure and [email protected] function, these attributes being two sides of the same coin: together they form the †These authors share first authorship currency of biological computation. Accordingly, biologically realistic models require the re-creation of the architecture of the cellular components in which biochemical reactions Specialty section: This article was submitted to are contained. -
Image Processing on Optimal Volume Sampling Lattices
Digital Comprehensive Summaries of Uppsala Dissertations from the Faculty of Science and Technology 1314 Image processing on optimal volume sampling lattices Thinking outside the box ELISABETH SCHOLD LINNÉR ACTA UNIVERSITATIS UPSALIENSIS ISSN 1651-6214 ISBN 978-91-554-9406-3 UPPSALA urn:nbn:se:uu:diva-265340 2015 Dissertation presented at Uppsala University to be publicly examined in Pol2447, Informationsteknologiskt centrum (ITC), Lägerhyddsvägen 2, hus 2, Uppsala, Friday, 18 December 2015 at 10:00 for the degree of Doctor of Philosophy. The examination will be conducted in English. Faculty examiner: Professor Alexandre Falcão (Institute of Computing, University of Campinas, Brazil). Abstract Schold Linnér, E. 2015. Image processing on optimal volume sampling lattices. Thinking outside the box. (Bildbehandling på optimala samplingsgitter. Att tänka utanför ramen). Digital Comprehensive Summaries of Uppsala Dissertations from the Faculty of Science and Technology 1314. 98 pp. Uppsala: Acta Universitatis Upsaliensis. ISBN 978-91-554-9406-3. This thesis summarizes a series of studies of how image quality is affected by the choice of sampling pattern in 3D. Our comparison includes the Cartesian cubic (CC) lattice, the body- centered cubic (BCC) lattice, and the face-centered cubic (FCC) lattice. Our studies of the lattice Brillouin zones of lattices of equal density show that, while the CC lattice is suitable for functions with elongated spectra, the FCC lattice offers the least variation in resolution with respect to direction. The BCC lattice, however, offers the highest global cutoff frequency. The difference in behavior between the BCC and FCC lattices is negligible for a natural spectrum. We also present a study of pre-aliasing errors on anisotropic versions of the CC, BCC, and FCC sampling lattices, revealing that the optimal choice of sampling lattice is highly dependent on lattice orientation and anisotropy. -
A Very Simple Approach for 3-D to 2-D Mapping
Image Processing & Communications, vol. 11, no. 2, pp. 75-82 75 A VERY SIMPLE APPROACH FOR 3-D TO 2-D MAPPING SANDIPAN DEY (1), AJITH ABRAHAM (2),SUGATA SANYAL (3) (1) Anshin Soft ware Pvt. Ltd. INFINITY, Tower - II, 10th Floor, Plot No.- 43. Block - GP, Salt Lake Electronics Complex, Sector - V, Kolkata - 700091 email: [email protected] (2) IITA Professorship Program, School of Computer Science, Yonsei University, 134 Shinchon-dong, Sudaemoon-ku, Seoul 120-749, Republic of Korea email: [email protected] (3) School of Technology & Computer Science Tata Institute of Fundamental Research Homi Bhabha Road, Mumbai - 400005, INDIA email: [email protected] Abstract. libraries with any kind of system is often a tough trial. This article presents a very simple method of Many times we need to plot 3-D functions e.g., in mapping from 3-D to 2-D, that is free from any com- many scientific experiments. To plot this 3-D func- plex pre-operation, also it will work with any graph- tions on 2-D screen it requires some kind of map- ics system where we have some primitive 2-D graph- ping. Though OpenGL, DirectX etc 3-D rendering ics function. Also we discuss the inverse transform libraries have made this job very simple, still these and how to do basic computer graphics transforma- libraries come with many complex pre-operations tions using our coordinate mapping system. that are simply not intended, also to integrate these 76 S. Dey, A. Abraham, S. Sanyal 1 Introduction 2 Proposed approach We have a pictorial representation (Fig.1) of our 3-D to 2-D mapping system: We have a function f : R2 → R, and our intention is to draw the function in 2-D plane. -
The New Plot to Hijack GIS and Mapping
The New Plot to Hijack GIS and Mapping A bill recently introduced in the U.S. Senate could effectively exclude everyone but licensed architects, engineers, and surveyors from federal government contracts for GIS and mapping services of all kinds – not just those services traditionally provided by surveyors. The Geospatial Data Act (GDA) of 2017 (S.1253) would set up a system of exclusionary procurement that would prevent most companies and organizations in the dynamic and rapidly growing GIS and mapping sector from receiving federal contracts for a very-wide range of activities, including GPS field data collection, GIS, internet mapping, geospatial analysis, location based services, remote sensing, academic research involving maps, and digital or manual map making or cartography of almost any type. Not only would this bill limit competition, innovation and free-market approaches for a crucial high-growth information technology (IT) sector of the U.S. economy, it also would cripple the current vibrant GIS industry and damage U.S. geographic information science, research capacity, and competitiveness. The proposed bill would also shackle government agencies, all of which depend upon the productivity, talent, scientific and technical skills, and the creativity and innovation that characterize the vast majority of the existing GIS and mapping workforce. The GDA bill focuses on a 1972 federal procurement law called the Brooks Act that reasonably limits federal contracts for specific, traditional architectural and engineering services to licensed A&E firms. We have no problem with that. However, if S.1253 were enacted, the purpose of the Brooks Act would be radically altered and its scope dramatically expanded by also including all mapping and GIS services as “A&E services” which would henceforth would be required to be procured under the exclusionary Brooks Act (accessible only to A&E firms) to the great detriment of the huge existing GIS IT sector and all other related companies and organizations which have long been engaged in cutting-edge GIS and mapping. -
Basic Science: Understanding Numbers
Document name: How to use infogr.am Document date: 2015 Copyright information: Content is made available under a Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-ShareAlike 4.0 Licence OpenLearn Study Unit: BASIC SCIENCE: UNDERSTANDING NUMBERS OpenLearn url: http://www.open.edu/openlearn/science-maths-technology/basic-science-understanding-numbers/content-section-overview Basic Science: Understanding Numbers Simon Kelly www.open.edu/openlearn 1 Basic Science: Understanding Numbers A guide to using infogr.am Infographics are friendly looking images and graphs which convey important information. In the past an infographic was the result of a long and painful process between designers and statisticians involving numerous meetings, data management and testing of designs and colour schemes. Nowadays they are much simpler to create. In fact, the company infogr.am has created a website that simplifies this process so that anyone can do it. The guidance below outlines a few simple instructions on how to use infogr.am to create the types of graphs discussed in this course. We will be using the data from the ‘Rainfall data PDF’. You should download the PDF before you start. Remember, you do not need to plot all the graph types or all the data. Simply pick two countries and compare their rainfall. This is a basic guide to Infogr.am; the site can do much more than what we describe below, so have a play and see what you find out! 1. Go to https://infogr.am/. 2. Select ‘Sign up now’ and create a username, enter your email address and choose a password (if you prefer, you can use your Facebook, Twitter or Google+ account to connect and log in). -
Direct Volume Rendering with Nonparametric Models of Uncertainty
Direct Volume Rendering with Nonparametric Models of Uncertainty Tushar Athawale, Bo Ma, Elham Sakhaee, Chris R. Johnson, Fellow, IEEE, and Alireza Entezari, Senior Member, IEEE Fig. 1. Nonparametric models of uncertainty improve the quality of reconstruction and classification within an uncertainty-aware direct volume rendering framework. (a) Improvements in topology of an isosurface in the teardrop dataset (64 × 64 × 64) with uncertainty due to sampling and quantization. (b) Improvements in classification (i.e., bones in gray and kidneys in red) of the torso dataset with uncertainty due to downsampling. Abstract—We present a nonparametric statistical framework for the quantification, analysis, and propagation of data uncertainty in direct volume rendering (DVR). The state-of-the-art statistical DVR framework allows for preserving the transfer function (TF) of the ground truth function when visualizing uncertain data; however, the existing framework is restricted to parametric models of uncertainty. In this paper, we address the limitations of the existing DVR framework by extending the DVR framework for nonparametric distributions. We exploit the quantile interpolation technique to derive probability distributions representing uncertainty in viewing-ray sample intensities in closed form, which allows for accurate and efficient computation. We evaluate our proposed nonparametric statistical models through qualitative and quantitative comparisons with the mean-field and parametric statistical models, such as uniform and Gaussian, as well as Gaussian mixtures. In addition, we present an extension of the state-of-the-art rendering parametric framework to 2D TFs for improved DVR classifications. We show the applicability of our uncertainty quantification framework to ensemble, downsampled, and bivariate versions of scalar field datasets. -
Medical and Volume Visualization SIGGRAPH 2015
Medical and Volume Visualization SIGGRAPH 2015 Nicholas Polys, PhD & Michael Aratow, MD, FACEP Web3D Consortium www.web3d.org Medical WG Chairs Ander Arbelaiz, Luis Kabongo, Aitor Moreno Vicomtech-IK4 Darrell Hurt, Meaghan Coakley, James Terwitt-Drake National Institute of Health (NIH) Daniel Evestedt, Sebastian Ullrich Sensegraphics Update ! Web3D 2015 Annual Conference • Sponsored by ACM SIGGRAPH • in Cooperation with Web3D Consortium and Eurographics • 20th Annual held in Heraklion, Crete June 2015 – See papers @ siggraph.org and acm dl! • Next year in Anaheim co-located with SIGGRAPH Medical and Volume Visualization - X3D highlights - X3DOM (X3D + HTML5 + WebGL) Consortium • Content is King ! – Author and deploy interactive 3D assets and environments with confidence, royalty-free – Required: Portability, Interoperability, Durability • Not-for-profit, member-driven organization • International community of creators, developers, and users building evolving over 20 years of graphics and web technologies • Open Standards ratification (ISO/IEC) Medical and Volume Visualization The Web3D Consortium Medical Working Group is chartered to advance open 3D communication in the healthcare enterprise • BOFs, workshops, and progress since 2008 when TATRC sparked the flame with ISO/IEC Volume Component in X3D PUBLIC WIKI: http://www.web3d.org/wiki/index.php/X3D_Medical Web3D.org Medical Working Group • Reproducible rendering and presentations for stakeholders throughout the healthcare enterprise (and at home): – Structured and interactive virtual -
Visflow - Web-Based Visualization Framework for Tabular Data with a Subset Flow Model
VisFlow - Web-based Visualization Framework for Tabular Data with a Subset Flow Model Bowen Yu and Claudio´ T. Silva Fellow, IEEE Fig. 1. An overview of VisFlow. The user edits the VisFlow data flow diagram that corresponds to an interactive visualization web application in the VisMode. The model years of the user selected outliers in the scatterplot (b) are used to find all car models designed in those years (1981, 1982), which form a subset S that is visualized in three metaphors: a table for displaying row details (i), a histogram for horsepower distribution (j) and a heatmap for multi-dimensional visualization (k). The selected outliers are highlighted in red in the downflow of (b). The user selection in the parallel coordinates are brushed in blue and unified with S to be shown in (i), (j), (k). A heterogeneous table that contains the MDS coordinates of the cars are loaded in (l) and visualized in the MDS plot (q), with S being visually linked in yellow color among the other cars. Abstract— Data flow systems allow the user to design a flow diagram that specifies the relations between system components which process, filter or visually present the data. Visualization systems may benefit from user-defined data flows as an analysis typically consists of rendering multiple plots on demand and performing different types of interactive queries across coordinated views. In this paper, we propose VisFlow, a web-based visualization framework for tabular data that employs a specific type of data flow model called the subset flow model. VisFlow focuses on interactive queries within the data flow, overcoming the limitation of interactivity from past computational data flow systems. -
How Can I Make My Infographic Visual? Topic You’Ve Selected
When authoring an infographic, it is important to explore your data and ideas to make sense of the How can I make my infographic visual? topic you’ve selected. Explore how Visualizing can help you make sense of data and ideas are related to one another Explore ideas, and the following are some powerful ways to Explore structure or function explore your topic. a process or sequence of events Images with callouts, Once you’ve explored through visualizing, you will photographs, anatomical visualizing want to select some of the visualizations that best drawings, or scientific Tree diagram communicate what you believe is important, and ideas 2011 2012 2013 2014 2015 illustrations Venn Diagram 2 include them in your infographic. Progressive depth or Timeline of related Cyclical diagram scale, image at historical events different levels of Ways of designing the overall look and feel of your magnification 3 infographic are included in the final section. Concept map or Branching Flowchart 1 network diagram Linear flowchart Explore if and how Add Explore if and how a quantity has an additional quantity a quantity is different in changed over time or category to a graph two or more different groups Explore how 3500 3500 60 Explore if and how 3000 50 3000 60 a quantity is distributed 40 50 2500 2500 30 40 two quantities are related 2000 30 2000 20 20 1500 10 1500 10 0 1000 0 1000 60 2008 2009 2010 2011 2012 2013 2014 2015 0 50 0 0 10 20 30 40 50 60 70 80 90 0 10 20 30 40 50 60 40 30 Timeline 3500 visualizing Timeline Dot Plot Bubble chart 20 Multiple