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After the Cold War: Living with Lower Defense Spending
After the Cold War: Living With Lower Defense Spending February 1992 OTA-ITE-524 NTIS order #PB92-152537 ... -——. .— Recommended Citation: U.S. Congress, Office of Technology Assessment, After the Cold War: Living With Lower Defense Spending, OTA-ITE-524 (Washington, DC: U.S. Government Printing Office, February 1992). I.(m .;IIc b! lhc ( I S (io\crnIIIt,I)l PIIIIIIIIg OI]ILL. sLl[>cllll[c.llclL.111 (It IX)clllm$l)l., AI(l II Mop SSOP, W’<iwl[lgloll. [)(’ 2040?” () {?s ISBN 0-16 -036108-7 Foreword The great events of 1991 ended the Cold War, banished the threat of global nuclear conflict, and freed us to redefine national security. While future U.S. defense needs are still unclear, they will surely require less money and fewer people, as well as shifting in kind. It is now safe to contemplate very substantial reductions in defense spending-perhaps to the lowest level in 40 years—and to turn our attention to other pressing national needs. Welcome as these changes are, adjustment to lower defense spending is not painless. Many of the workers and communities that depend for their livelihood on the military will have to find new jobs and new sources of economic strength. Defense companies will have to adapt to commercial demands, or shrink, or possibly go under. On the bright side, the size of the adjustment is modest, compared to defense build-downs of the past and to the present size of the U.S. economy. From 1991 to 2001, perhaps as many as 2.5 million defense-related jobs will disappear. -
A Historical Perspective
A Service of Leibniz-Informationszentrum econstor Wirtschaft Leibniz Information Centre Make Your Publications Visible. zbw for Economics Heller, Regina Working Paper Notions of Insecurity and Security Policy within the EU: A Historical Perspective Economics of Security Working Paper, No. 4 Provided in Cooperation with: German Institute for Economic Research (DIW Berlin) Suggested Citation: Heller, Regina (2009) : Notions of Insecurity and Security Policy within the EU: A Historical Perspective, Economics of Security Working Paper, No. 4, Deutsches Institut für Wirtschaftsforschung (DIW), Berlin This Version is available at: http://hdl.handle.net/10419/119330 Standard-Nutzungsbedingungen: Terms of use: Die Dokumente auf EconStor dürfen zu eigenen wissenschaftlichen Documents in EconStor may be saved and copied for your Zwecken und zum Privatgebrauch gespeichert und kopiert werden. personal and scholarly purposes. Sie dürfen die Dokumente nicht für öffentliche oder kommerzielle You are not to copy documents for public or commercial Zwecke vervielfältigen, öffentlich ausstellen, öffentlich zugänglich purposes, to exhibit the documents publicly, to make them machen, vertreiben oder anderweitig nutzen. publicly available on the internet, or to distribute or otherwise use the documents in public. Sofern die Verfasser die Dokumente unter Open-Content-Lizenzen (insbesondere CC-Lizenzen) zur Verfügung gestellt haben sollten, If the documents have been made available under an Open gelten abweichend von diesen Nutzungsbedingungen die in der dort Content Licence (especially Creative Commons Licences), you genannten Lizenz gewährten Nutzungsrechte. may exercise further usage rights as specified in the indicated licence. www.econstor.eu Economics of Security Working Paper Series Regina Heller Notions of Insecurity and Security Policy within the EU: A Historical Perspective January 2009 Economics of Security Working Paper 4 This publication is an output of EUSECON, a research project supported by the European Commission’s Seventh Framework Programme. -
'Keynes Was an Extremely Political Person and We Should Be Too, Shouldn't
European Journal of Economics and Economic Policies: Intervention, Vol. 16 No. 1, 2019, pp. 1–7 ‘Keynes was an extremely political person and we should be too, shouldn’t we?’ Interview with Jan Priewe Jan Priewe is a retired Professor of Economics. He is a Senior Research Fellow of the Macroeconomic Policy Institute (IMK) and a Fellow and member of the coordination group of the Forum for Macroeconomics and Macroeconomic Policies (FMM). His research areas include macroeconomics, economic policies and development economics. He has authored, co-authored or co-edited 16 books and numerous articles. Jan received his PhD in economics at the University of Bremen, Germany, in 1982 and has been a professor since then, first at the University of Applied Sciences Darmstadt, Germany, and from 1993 onwards at the HTW Berlin, Germany, before he retired in 2014. Soon after the student movements of 1968 you started your academic life, right? I started in Konstanz, Germany, and after the first semester I moved to Marburg in 1970 where my friends from high school lived. There I faced an extremely conservative faculty and at that time it did not provide a good education. In a way I regret that I switched from the University of Konstanz to Marburg. However, there was a very active student life, including radical movements and especially Marxists of all kinds. I learned more from the post-1968 student activities and self-studies, including immense amounts of reading in social science and economics, than in the lecture rooms. We felt that something was wrong with standard economics textbooks but we had hardly any academic ‘masters’ in West Germany, so we had to teach ourselves. -
Cold War 04 11 03
BOOKS / LIVRES NATO and European Security : Alliance Politics from the End of the Cold War to the Age of Terrorism - Westport, CT : Praeger, 2003. xxx, 186 p.; 25 cm. (Humanistic Perspectives on International Relations) ISBN: 0275976637 Subjects: 1. NATO 2. EUROPE--NATIONAL SECURITY 3. EU--ESDP 4. NATO--EU Authors: 1. Moens, Alexander, 1959- , ed. 2. Cohen, Lenard J., ed. 3. Sens, Allen Gregory, ed. Notes: 'From the end of the Cold War to the terrorist attacks on the United States in September 2001, the NATO Alliance has changed profoundly. This book explores the multifaceted consequences of NATO's adjustment to new international and domestic political and security realities. Internal Alliance politics and matters of relative power within the membership have strongly influenced recent NATO developments. Several major issues challenging the Alliance are examined, including how the impact of efforts to develop an enhanced common European security and defence policy have affected NATO; whether missile defence is driving the United States and its European allies closer or further apart; how the experience of NATO in the Balkans and elsewhere brought alliance members together or made NATO cohesion more difficult to maintain; and in what way the changing role of NATO has influenced American and Canadian participation in the Alliance.' * 496.3 /00346 -- Almost NATO : Partners and Players in Central and Eastern European Security - Lanham, MD : Rowman & Littlefield, 2003. xi, 341 p. : ill.; 24 cm. ISBN: 0742524582 Subjects: 1. NATO--CEE 2. CEE--NATIONAL SECURITY 3. NATO--ENLARGEMENT Author: 1. Krupnick, Charles, ed. Notes: 'NATO's quickly evolving relationship with Central and Eastern Europe is forming a new basis for security in the region. -
Near Misses with the Divine After His Spiritual Quest, Eric Weiner Ends up Being As Wracked by Doubt As He Was at the Outset Tibor Krausz
BOOKS AVI KATZ Near misses with the divine After his spiritual quest, Eric Weiner ends up being as wracked by doubt as he was at the outset Tibor Krausz S ELUSIVE QUESTS GO, swer is so vague as to be meaningless. None in Washington, DC embarks on a spiritual the one in search of God has of them achieve much in the way of en- quest that takes him from Istanbul to Las been a hardy perennial. Ever lightening less esoterically inclined fellows Vegas. Asince Gilgamesh set out to be- about the nature of God other than through His latest quest comes on the heels of an come immortal like the Sume- the suggestive power of obscurantism by earlier one, which was detailed in his 2008 rian gods, countless seekers have followed hinting at some Gnostic wisdom only initi- bestseller, The Geography of Bliss, an edi- close behind in hopes of divinely inspired ates can fathom. fying romp through the global landscape of wisdom, grace and fortitude. Eric Weiner is certainly no such initiate. happiness quotients from which we learned Invariably, such spiritual quests have The author, who bills himself “a gastro- that the world’s most persistently unhappy yielded the same three time-honored in- nomical Jew” (one with a taste for kosher people are the Moldovans. That came as a sights (or a combination thereof): 1. The holiday feasts but not so much for daily bit of a surprise to this reviewer, who would ways of God are mysterious and He’s be- observance), is an agnostic who professes have wagered on Hungarians, that long suf- yond knowing; 2. -
Our Goal for This Class Will Be to Update the Brazilian Chapter to the Geography of Bliss, Using Our Experiences in Floripa This
Geography of Bliss: Reading Questions for Dr. Brian Burke’s Brazilian Happiness class (2019) Chapters 1 & 2: Netherlands and Switzerland 1) Eric Weiner, the book’s author, describes how we may be searching for happiness in the wrong places. So, for you, what IS a good life? According to the World Happiness Database in Rotterdam, where should we stop looking and where should we start looking for happiness as a species/culture? 2) What do Europeans know about happiness in countries such as the Netherlands and Switzerland? Chapter 9: Bangalore, India 1) India is a contradiction: Why is Mona (and other poor people in India) happier than most people who are poor in the United States? 2) What does the Art of Living ashram or the artist colony at 1 Shanti Road have to do with the quest for happiness? Chapters 3 & 4: Bhutan & Qatar 1) What is Gross National Happiness and how has it shaped policy in Bhutan? Should nations focus on GNH (like Bhutan and Thailand) instead of GDP? 2) In the chapter on Qatar, Eric Weiner wonders: What if everyone had their own personal museum, actual buildings devoted to telling our stories? If so, WHAT WOULD YOUR MUSEUM LOOK LIKE? Chapters 5 & 6: Iceland & Moldova 1) Like Iceland, many nations that top the world happiness lists are small, homogeneous, and egalitarian cultures. Why does this foster happiness? 2) Why is Moldova one of the least happy countries on earth? Why didn’t democracy make them happier? Chapters 7 & 8: Thailand & Great Britain 1) Thailand focuses on pleasure and not thinking as a pathway to happiness. -
IZA Compact March 2013
IZA COMPACT Shaping the Future of Labor www.iza.org March 2013 IZA Celebrates 15 Years of Success in Labor Market Research and Policy Advice On the occasion of its 15th anniversary, network, the vital role of the IZA Discussion IZA celebrates and reviews its manifold ac- Paper series, now comprising over 7,000 1 15 tivities in scientific research and empirically studies, underlines the leading role of IZA in 99 based policy advice. In line with its mission, international labor economics. 8-2013 the institute takes a pioneering role in both of these areas on the national and interna- Thanks to a solid funding base provided tional level. Prominent labor economists by the Deutsche Post Foundation, comple- >> In This Issue from all over the world sent their best wish- mented by other sources of funding from es for IZA’s anniversary and underscored its all parts of the world, IZA is independent ANNIVERSARY EVENTS IN strong influence on the global debate. IZA from commissioned research and faces no WASHINGTON AND BERLIN Director Klaus F. Zimmermann, who founded restrictions concerning its research topics Many friends of IZA joined the cel- the institute 15 years ago, emphasized the and advisory activities. Members of the IZA ebration of its 15th anniversary with exceptional performance of the worldwide network are responsible for their own fund- events in the capitals of the U.S. and IZA network and announced new initiatives ing. Consequently, IZA’s research output re- Germany. page 2 for the future. flects the broad knowledge base of today’s labor economics with all its facets, regardless 10 YEARS OF AGENDA 2010 “I congratulate IZA on its splendid accomplishments of scientific approach IZA Compact summarizes the contri- over its first fifteen years. -
Restructuring the US Military Bases in Germany Scope, Impacts, and Opportunities
B.I.C.C BONN INTERNATIONAL CENTER FOR CONVERSION . INTERNATIONALES KONVERSIONSZENTRUM BONN report4 Restructuring the US Military Bases in Germany Scope, Impacts, and Opportunities june 95 Introduction 4 In 1996 the United States will complete its dramatic post-Cold US Forces in Germany 8 War military restructuring in ● Military Infrastructure in Germany: From Occupation to Cooperation 10 Germany. The results are stag- ● Sharing the Burden of Defense: gering. In a six-year period the A Survey of the US Bases in United States will have closed or Germany During the Cold War 12 reduced almost 90 percent of its ● After the Cold War: bases, withdrawn more than contents Restructuring the US Presence 150,000 US military personnel, in Germany 17 and returned enough combined ● Map: US Base-Closures land to create a new federal state. 1990-1996 19 ● Endstate: The Emerging US The withdrawal will have a serious Base Structure in Germany 23 affect on many of the communi- ties that hosted US bases. The US Impact on the German Economy 26 military’syearly demand for goods and services in Germany has fal- ● The Economic Impact 28 len by more than US $3 billion, ● Impact on the Real Estate and more than 70,000 Germans Market 36 have lost their jobs through direct and indirect effects. Closing, Returning, and Converting US Bases 42 Local officials’ ability to replace those jobs by converting closed ● The Decision Process 44 bases will depend on several key ● Post-Closure US-German factors. The condition, location, Negotiations 45 and type of facility will frequently ● The German Base Disposal dictate the possible conversion Process 47 options. -
Decriminalizing Survival
PARTNER ORGANIZATIONS ACLU Association of Legal Aid Attorneys, LGBTQ Caucus Black Alliance for Just Immigration Black and Pink Black Youth Project 100 Center for Constitutional Rights Collective Action for Safe Spaces DECRIMNOW DC Decrim NY Harm Reduction Coalition HIPS Human Rights Campaign DATA FOR PROGRESS If/When/How: Lawyering for Reproductive Justice Immigrant Defense Project DECRIMINALIZING Mijente National Black Justice Coalition SURVIVAL: National Center for Lesbian Rights POLICY PLATFORM AND POLLING ON National Center for THE DECRIMINALIZATION OF SEX WORK Transgender Equality National Lawyers Guild National LGBTQ Task Force Reframe Health and Justice The Center for HIV Law and Policy TRANScending Barriers Transgender Law Center URGE: Unite for Reproductive & Gender Equity Nina Luo, Data for Progress, Fellow Witness to Mass Incarceration Women’s March TABLE OF CONTENTS 3 Executive Summary 4 What is the sex trade? 6 What is US government policy on the sex trade? 9 Why should we decriminalize sex work? 14 What about trafficking? 17 Criminal legal models of the sex trade 19 Policy platform for decriminalization 21 National polling on decriminalization and vice policing 27 Conclusion 28 Endnotes ABOUT THE AUTHOR Nina Luo is a fellow at Data for Progress, organizer, media strategist, and writer. Previously at VOCAL-NY, she led prosecutor accountability and sex workers' rights campaigns. Nina is a founding member of both Decrim NY and Survivors Against SESTA. She has also organized with Sex Workers Outreach Project-Boston and Massachusetts Sex Worker Ally Network. COVER PHOTO BY COREY TORPIE DECRIMINALIZING SURVIVAL 2 EXECUTIVE SUMMARY For the first time in presidential primary history, 2020 candidates have competed for a progressive position on the sex trade. -
Send to Mike H
More Shock than Therapy: Why there has been no miracle in eastern Germany?, Socialism and Democracy (Summer). Draft Over the last few years a change of mood has affected German politics with regard to the country‘s ‗eastern problem‘.1 Until recently it was generally addressed by politicians with bluff confidence, expressing a sanguine faith that the combination of marketisation and state subsidies would rapidly modernise the region. But to an increasingly sceptical eastern electorate, such affirmations of a swift and sure revival are beginning to sound as empty as the promissory slogans of a previous era. Some politicians now feel obliged to adopt a more cautious tone. Dissenting voices are becoming more outspoken. Perhaps the most notable of the latter is that of Wolfgang Thierse, deputy leader of the Social Democratic Party (SPD) and president of the German parliament, who created a furore last year with the publication of critical theses, followed by a book, on economic and social conditions in the East.2 ‗Any honest appraisal‘, Thierse warned (Die Zeit No. 2 2001), ‗must establish that Eastern Germany‘s social and economic situation is approaching the brink.‘ The theses were indeed alarming; they drew attention to the decline in the economically active population, which had fallen below five million for the first time; to the unemployment rate, which had soared from 1.8 times that of the West in 1998 to 2.3 times in 2000; and to soaring levels of youth emigration and unemployment. ‗The longer the catch-up process stagnates,‘ Thierse warned, ‗the more quickly and clearly tendencies to decline will develop, even to the point of endangering what has, often at great cost, already been achieved.‘ The conclusion was sombre: ‗East Germany is, in this light, no longer a region in transition but second rate in perpetuity.‘ The contrast between such serious consideration of perpetual backwardness and the hopes and predictions of earlier phases of the ‗catch-up process‘ could hardly be sharper. -
Economic Conversion (41) Strengthening International Law (42)
Economic Conversion (41) Strengthening International Law (42) Approaching two decades after the disappearance of the only superpower rival to the United States, the U.S. military budget is almost as large as all other countries! military budgets combined. The United States continues In an era when international cooperation is critical, no overall reliable to spend at cold war levels despite the fact that, as we are slowly learning, system of global governance is in place that enjoys universal respect and satisfies concerns about accountability of leaders, participation of none of the most pressing twenty-first-century threats to security— peoples and their representatives, and transparency of the regulatory terrorism, proliferation, climate change —are effectively addressed by process itself. Particularly disturbing is the persistent tendency of political military force. Why is this the case? In part the reason is that the leaders to consider war as their fundamental instrument for the resolution livelihoods of millions of people in politically powerful military-dependent of international conflict and to divert vast resources to the preparation for institutions and communities are tied to the flow of military dollars. war without being constrained by the limits set by international law governing the use of force. Although it is important not to overstate its Economic conversion is the process of efficiently transferring people and potential (nor to ignore the misuse of international law historically), facilities from military-oriented to civilian-oriented activity. By forcing international law is an important means for communicating claims and military programs to be judged on their real contribution to security, grievances and provides insight into whether particular demands are conversion is important to more intelligent decision making on national reasonable. -
The Elementary Forms of Religious Life Reflected in Eric Weiner’S Man Seeks God (2011): Sociological Approach
THE ELEMENTARY FORMS OF RELIGIOUS LIFE REFLECTED IN ERIC WEINER’S MAN SEEKS GOD (2011): SOCIOLOGICAL APPROACH Compiled as one of the requirements for completing the Undergraduate Study Program at the English Education Department, Faculty of Teacher Training and Education By : ERVILIA PRAWINDA SARI A320140087 DEPARTMENT OF ENGLISH EDUCATION FACULTY OF TEACHER TRAINING AND EDUCATION UNIVARSITAS MUHAMMADIYAH SURAKARTA 2021 i ii iii THE ELEMENTARY FORMS OF RELIGIOUS LIFE REFLECTED IN ERIC WEINER’S MAN SEEKS GOD (2011): SOCIOLOGICAL APPROACH Abstrak Man Seeks God adalah novel karya Eric Weiner yang menceritakan perjalanan penulis menemukan Tuhan dengan mengeksplorasi delapan mendalami delapan agama di dunia. Penulis tertarik untuk menganalisa novel ini untuk menceritakan bagaimana seseorang menemukan keyakinannya melalui perjalanan yang dia lakukan dan menemukan banyak agama dari negara lain. Tujuan dari penelitian ini adalah: 1) untuk mengetahui perjalanan Eric Weiner dalam pencarian dewa yang digambarkan dalam novel; 2) untuk mengetahui bentuk-bentuk dasar kehidupan beragama yang tercermin dalam perjalanan Eric Weiner ditinjau dari pendekatan sosiologis; 3) untuk mengetahui bagaimana masalah yang dihadapi oleh Eric Weiner dalam perjalanannya mencari Tuhan. Penulis menerapkan metode penelitian kualitatif dalam melakukan penelitian. Sumber data primer dalam penelitian ini adalah novel “Man Seeks God” karya Eric Weiner (2011) yang disempurnakan dan ditulis ulang dengan judul: Geography of Faith (2016). Dokumentasi, pustaka, metode browsing, dan teknik pencatatan merupakan metode pengumpulan data. Analisis data menggunakan teknik deskriptif kualitatif tentang pengumpulan data, reduksi, penyajian, verifikasi dan penarikan kesimpulan. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa: 1) Perjalanan Eric Weiner mencari Tuhan dimulai dari sufi dengan cinta Tuhan, kemudian bermeditasi di Tibet, mengabdi bersama Fransiskan di New York, bersenang-senang dengan Raelian, kemudian melatih chi-nya dengan para Taois di Cina.