Decriminalizing Survival
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THE HISTORY and RATIONALE of SWEDISH PROSTITUTION POLICIES Sven-Axel Månsson Malmö University
Dignity: A Journal on Sexual Exploitation and Violence Volume 2 | Issue 4 Article 1 September 2017 The iH story and Rationale of Swedish Prostitution Policies Sven-Axel Månsson Malmö University, [email protected] Follow this and additional works at: https://digitalcommons.uri.edu/dignity Part of the Gender and Sexuality Commons, and the Social Work Commons Recommended Citation Månsson, Sven-Axel (2017) "The iH story and Rationale of Swedish Prostitution Policies," Dignity: A Journal on Sexual Exploitation and Violence: Vol. 2: Iss. 4, Article 1. DOI: 10.23860/dignity.2017.02.04.01 Available at: https://digitalcommons.uri.edu/dignity/vol2/iss4/1https://digitalcommons.uri.edu/dignity/vol2/iss4/1 This Research and Scholarly Article is brought to you for free and open access by DigitalCommons@URI. It has been accepted for inclusion in Dignity: A Journal on Sexual Exploitation and Violence by an authorized editor of DigitalCommons@URI. For more information, please contact [email protected]. The iH story and Rationale of Swedish Prostitution Policies Abstract This article analyses the history and rationale behind “the Swedish model” of regulating prostitution. The most controversial and debated part of this model is the 1999 ban on purchases of sexual services. To be fully understood the ban and the comprehensive policy regime of which it is a part, the new model has to be placed within a broader framework of policy areas such as gender, sexuality, and social welfare. Thus, the contemporary policy regime will be traced back to the mid-1970s when gender norms and sexual mores were renegotiated in Sweden, which in turn led to a radical reconsideration of men’s role and responsibility in heterosexual prostitution. -
Vulnerabilities Relevant for Commercial Sexual Exploitation of Children
TRAUMA, VIOLENCE, & ABUSE 1-13 ª The Author(s) 2019 Vulnerabilities Relevant for Commercial Article reuse guidelines: sagepub.com/journals-permissions Sexual Exploitation of Children/Domestic DOI: 10.1177/1524838018821956 Minor Sex Trafficking: A Systematic Review journals.sagepub.com/home/tva of Risk Factors Hannabeth Franchino-Olsen1 Abstract The commercial sexual exploitation of children (CSEC) and domestic minor sex trafficking (DMST) occur across the United States, violating the rights and health of far too many children and youth. Adequate prevention efforts should seek to understand the factors that make minors vulnerable to sexual exploitation in order to properly design programs to prevent victimization. This review presents the identified risk factors collected via a systematic literature review. Following full-text review, 15 studies were selected for inclusion by meeting the following criteria: original quantitative or qualitative research studies published in English from January 2010 to September 2017 with titles or abstracts that indicated a focus on the risk factors, vulnerabilities, or statistics of CSEC/DMST and a domestic focus on CSEC/DMST (for U.S.-based journals) with findings that did not combine associations between minors and adults in the study. Relevant risk factors and vulnerabilities found in this review include child abuse and maltreatment, caregiver strain, running away or being thrown away, substance use, peer influence, witnessing family violence or criminality, poverty or material need, difficulty in school, conflict with parents, poor mental health or view of self, involvement in child protective services, involvement in juvenile detention or delinquency, early substance use, and prior rape or adolescent sexual victimization. Keywords domestic minor sex trafficking, commercial sexual exploitation of children, gender-based violence, risk factors, vulnerabilities, prevention Purpose of This Review exploitation (Gerassi, 2015). -
Homelessness, Survival Sex and Human Trafficking: As Experienced by the Youth of Covenant House New York
Homelessness, Survival Sex and Human Trafficking: As Experienced by the Youth of Covenant House New York May 2013 Jayne Bigelsen, Director Anti-Human Trafficking Initiatives, Covenant House New York*: Stefanie Vuotto, Fordham University: Tool Development and Validation Project Coordinators: Kimberly Addison, Sara Trongone and Kate Tully Research Assistants/Legal Advisors: Tiffany Anderson, Jacquelyn Bradford, Olivia Brown, Carolyn Collantes, Sharon Dhillon, Leslie Feigenbaum, Laura Ferro, Andrea Laidman, Matthew Jamison, Laura Matthews-Jolly, Gregory Meves, Lucas Morgan, Lauren Radebaugh, Kari Rotkin, Samantha Schulman, Claire Sheehan, Jenn Strashnick, Caroline Valvardi. With a special thanks to Skadden Arps, Slate, Meagher & Flom LLP and Affiliates for their financial support and to the Covenant House New York staff who made this report possible. And our heartfelt thanks go to the almost 200 Covenant House New York youth who shared their stories with us. *For questions on the use of the trafficking screening tool discussed in this report or anything else related to the substance of the study, please contact study author, Jayne Bigelsen at [email protected] Table of Contents: Executive Summary . 5 Introduction . 5 Key Findings . 6 Terminology . 7 Objectives/Method . 8 Results and Discussion . 10 Compelled Sex Trafficking . 10 Survival Sex . 11 Relationship between Sex Trafficking and Survival Sex . 12 Labor Trafficking . 13 Contributing Factors . 14 Average Age of Entry into Commercial Sexual Activity . 16 Transgender and Gay Youth . 16 Development and Use of the Trafficking Assessment Tool . 17 Implications for Policy and Practice . 19 Conclusion . 21 Appendix: Trafficking Screening Tool . 22 EXECUTIVE SUMMARY Introduction In recent years, the plight of human trafficking victims has received a great deal of attention among legislators, social service providers and the popular press. -
A MORAL ARGUMENT for the DECRIMINALIZATION of PROSTITUTION by DAVID A
University of Pennsylvania Law Review FOUNDED 1852 Formerly American Law Register VOLUME 127 MAY 1979 No. 5 COMMERCIAL SEX AND THE RIGHTS OF THE PERSON: A MORAL ARGUMENT FOR THE DECRIMINALIZATION OF PROSTITUTION by DAVID A. J. RiCaRDs t Contents I. PROSTITUTION: ANTHROPOLOGICAL AND HISTORICAL PERSPECTIVES ..................................... 1203 II. TH ARGUMENTS FOR THE CRIMINALIZATION OF PROSTITUTION ..................................... 1215 A. Criminogenesis ................................. 1215 B. Venereal Disease ............................... 1217 C. M oral Arguments .............................. 1219 III. THE CONCEPTS OF HUMAN RIGHTS AND THE PUBLIC MORALITY UNDER CONSTITUTIONAL DEMOCRACY ........ 1222 A. The Rights Thesis .............................. 1222 B. Autonomy and Equality as the Values Underlying the Rights Thesis .................................. 1224 C. ContractarianTheory and Human Rights .......... 1228 D. The Concept of the Public Morality and the Criminal Law .......................................... 1231 0 Copyright @ David A.J. Richards 1979. f Professor of Law, New York University. A.B. 1966, Harvard University; D. Phil. 1970, Oxford University; J.D. 1971, Harvard University. Member, New York Bar. This essay profited from conversations with Donald Levy of the Brooklyn College Philosophy Department and with my colleagues Paul Chevigny, Lewis Kornhauser, Sylvia Law, and Laurence Tancredi. Research assistance was ably given by N.Y.U. law students Becky Palmer and Robert Freedman. (1195) 1196 UNIVERSITY OF -
Xpenditures to More Socially Productive Uses
DOCUMENT RESUME ED 322 068 SO 030 105 AUTHOR Renner, Michael TITLE Swords into Plowshares: Converting to a Peace Economy. Worldwatch Paper 96. INSTITUTION Worldwatch Inst., Washington, D.C. REPORT NO ISBN-0-916468-97-6 PUB DATE Jun 90 NOTE 90p. AVAILABLE FROMWorldwatch Institute, 1776 Massachusetts Avenue, NW, Washington, DC 20036 ($4.00). PUB TYPE Reports - Descriptive (141) EDRS PRICE MF01 Plus Postage. PC Not Available from EDRS. DESCRIPTORS Disarmament; *Economics; Foreign Countries; Futures (of Society); Global Approach; *International Relations; *National Defense; *Peace; Social Change; World Problems IDENTIFIERS China; *Economic Conversion; Europe (East); USSR ABSTRACT Recent world developments have created an opportune time for nations to vigorously pursue a policy of converting the huge portion of their economies that traditionally have been devoted to military expenditures to more socially productive uses. This paper outlines a strategy for such a conversion, and discusses the issues that must be confronted in such a process. Specific aspects of conversion include: (1) misconceptions about lessening military spending; (2) building a conversion coalition; (3) the paths forged by China and the Soviet Union; (4) upheaval in Eastern Europe; and (5) grassroots initiatives in the West. It is concluded that the gathering pressLre for disarmament suggests that conversion will bea topic gaining importance during the 1990's. A number of statistical tables, chalts, and maps appear throughout this paper, and 127 endnotes are provided. (DB) -
Violence Against Sex Workers in Africa
VIOLENCE AGAINST SEX WORKERS IN AFRICA “Every sex worker has got a story to tell about violence” This study was commissioned by the African Sex Worker Alliance (ASWA), under the KP REACH Programme, a regional programme to address HIV amongst key populations in the SADC Region, funded by the Global Fund. KP REACH was managed by Principal Recipient Hivos, and implemented by 4 networks [ASWA; African Men for Sexual Health and Rights (AMSHeR), Coalition of African Lesbians (CAL); and the Southern African Trans* Forum (SATF)], and 3 partner organisations [SAfAIDS, Positive Vibes, and M&C Saatchi] Suggested Citation: African Sex Worker Alliance (2019). “Every sex worker has got a story to tell about violence”: Violence against sex workers in Africa. Nairobi. Research by: Maria Stacey and Brian Kanyemba, Equal Africa DTP and artwork by Jaywalk Design, Cape Town, South Africa Cover image courtesy of Voice of our Voices, eSwatini 2 VIOLENCE AGAINST SEX WORKERS IN AFRICA CONTENTS ABOUT THIS STUDY ............................................................................................................................. 6 Background .......................................................................................................................................... 6 Key Populations Representation Evidence and Advocacy for Change in Health [KP REACH] Programme ................................................................................................................................... 6 Meaningful Representation, Dialogue and Advocacy Action -
SEX WORKER RIGHTS July 2013 (Almost) but Were Afraid to Ask Wanted to Know Everything You
(ALMOST) EVERYTHING YOU SEX WORKER RIGHTS SEX WORKER WANTED TO KNOW BUT WERE AFRAID TO ASK July 2013 ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS Written by Corinne Goldenberg, Sarah Gunther, Anne Lieberman, Jesse Wrenn and Gitta Zomorodi FRONT COVER Las Golondrinas works to protect and respect sex workers’ rights through human rights education, sexual and reproductive health trainings, and advocacy with local authorities in Nicaragua. Photo by Stefanie Rubin. BACK COVER Sex Workers from Durbar Mahila Samanwaya Committee (DMSC) in West Bengal march at the Sex Worker Freedom Festival in Kolkata, July 2012. Photo by Dale Kongmont, Asia Pacific Network of Sex Workers (APNSW). THE QUESTIONS 1 What is sex work? 2 Why does AJWS fund sex worker rights? 3 Who are sex workers? 4 Why do people do sex work? 5 In places where sex work is illegal, what human rights do sex workers have? 6 What’s the difference between sex work and human trafficking? 7 If sex work and human trafficking are two different things, what are sex worker rights organizations doing to combat human trafficking? 8 Why not just help sex workers leave the industry, instead of focusing on making it better inside the industry? 9 What’s wrong with the criminalization of sex work? 10 What does it mean to decriminalize sex work? 11 What is the difference between “decriminalization” and “legalization”? 12 Why not just criminalize people who buy sex? Won’t that help end sex work? 13 I’m a feminist. Why should I condone sex work? 14 What’s the history of sex worker rights organizing? 15 What has AJWS done in support of sex worker rights? What are we doing now? Appendix: Dos and Don’ts Glossary American Jewish World Service (AJWS) is the leading Jewish organization working to promote human rights and end poverty in the developing world. -
Forced Prostitution
VIRGINIA STATE CRIME COMMISSION – 1 Virginia State Crime Commission _______________________ Forced Prostitution _______________________ 2013 VIRGINIA STATE CRIME COMMISSION – 2 Forced Prostitution Executive Summary During the 2013 Regular Session of the Virginia General Assembly, three bills were introduced that dealt with the crime of prostitution. House Bill 1541 and Senate Bill 1273 both would have permitted the expungement of police and court records related to an arrest, charge, or conviction for prostitution if the person had been abducted and “induced to engage in prostitution through the use of force, intimidation, or deception.” Senate Bill 1273, as amended, would have limited expungement to those cases where the person had been abducted before the age of 16, and would only apply to prostitution offenses that occurred before the person had turned 21. House Bill 1541 did not contain those limitations, and additionally provided an affirmative defense to a charge of prostitution, if the conditions of abduction and coercion applied. The third bill, House Bill 1991, created a nearly identical affirmative defense to a charge of prostitution, if the situation of coercion applied, yet without a requirement of abduction. House Bill 1991 also would have decriminalized juvenile prostitution; any juvenile found to have engaged in prostitution would not have committed a crime, but would be subject to a CHINS petition, pursuant to Va. Code § 16.1‐228. (It would still be a crime under the bill for a person to solicit any person, including a juvenile, for purposes of prostitution). These bills were referred to the Crime Commission for review. The public policy in Virginia is to limit expungement of police and court records to those cases where an individual is actually innocent of the crime for which they were arrested or charged, or if he has received an absolute pardon from the governor. -
Prostitution Terminology (Pdf)
Prostitution Terminology2 Prostitution: What is it? It is the use of a woman’s [or girl’s or boy’s] body for sex by a man; he pays money, he does what he wants. The minute you move away from what it really is, you move away from prostitution into the world of ideas ... Prostitution is not an idea. It is the mouth, the vagina, the rectum, penetrated usually by a penis, sometimes hands, sometimes objects, by one man and then another and then another and then another and then another. That’s what it is. A prostituted woman (cited in Dworkin, 1997) Child/Juvenile Prostitution The act of engaging in sexual intercourse or performing other sex acts with a child in exchange for money or other considerations (e.g., food, clothing, shelter, affection, etc.). Child Sexual Abuse Sexual activity involving persons younger than 18 years of age. Most often perpetrated by an adult, such activities include rape and molestation, pornography, and exposure of children to the sexual acts of others. Child Sexual Assault Any sexual act directed against a person younger than 18 years of age, forcibly and/or against that person’s will; or not forcibly or against the person’s will where the victim is incapable of giving consent because of his/her temporary or permanent mental or physical incapacity Child Sexual Exploitation A practice by which a person, usually an adult, achieves sexual gratification, financial gain or advancement through the abuse or exploitation of a child’s sexuality by abrogating that child’s human right to dignity, equality, autonomy, and physical and mental well-being, i.e., trafficking, prostitution, prostitution tourism, mail-order-bride trade, pornography, stripping, battering, incest, rape and sexual harassment. -
Near Misses with the Divine After His Spiritual Quest, Eric Weiner Ends up Being As Wracked by Doubt As He Was at the Outset Tibor Krausz
BOOKS AVI KATZ Near misses with the divine After his spiritual quest, Eric Weiner ends up being as wracked by doubt as he was at the outset Tibor Krausz S ELUSIVE QUESTS GO, swer is so vague as to be meaningless. None in Washington, DC embarks on a spiritual the one in search of God has of them achieve much in the way of en- quest that takes him from Istanbul to Las been a hardy perennial. Ever lightening less esoterically inclined fellows Vegas. Asince Gilgamesh set out to be- about the nature of God other than through His latest quest comes on the heels of an come immortal like the Sume- the suggestive power of obscurantism by earlier one, which was detailed in his 2008 rian gods, countless seekers have followed hinting at some Gnostic wisdom only initi- bestseller, The Geography of Bliss, an edi- close behind in hopes of divinely inspired ates can fathom. fying romp through the global landscape of wisdom, grace and fortitude. Eric Weiner is certainly no such initiate. happiness quotients from which we learned Invariably, such spiritual quests have The author, who bills himself “a gastro- that the world’s most persistently unhappy yielded the same three time-honored in- nomical Jew” (one with a taste for kosher people are the Moldovans. That came as a sights (or a combination thereof): 1. The holiday feasts but not so much for daily bit of a surprise to this reviewer, who would ways of God are mysterious and He’s be- observance), is an agnostic who professes have wagered on Hungarians, that long suf- yond knowing; 2. -
Our Goal for This Class Will Be to Update the Brazilian Chapter to the Geography of Bliss, Using Our Experiences in Floripa This
Geography of Bliss: Reading Questions for Dr. Brian Burke’s Brazilian Happiness class (2019) Chapters 1 & 2: Netherlands and Switzerland 1) Eric Weiner, the book’s author, describes how we may be searching for happiness in the wrong places. So, for you, what IS a good life? According to the World Happiness Database in Rotterdam, where should we stop looking and where should we start looking for happiness as a species/culture? 2) What do Europeans know about happiness in countries such as the Netherlands and Switzerland? Chapter 9: Bangalore, India 1) India is a contradiction: Why is Mona (and other poor people in India) happier than most people who are poor in the United States? 2) What does the Art of Living ashram or the artist colony at 1 Shanti Road have to do with the quest for happiness? Chapters 3 & 4: Bhutan & Qatar 1) What is Gross National Happiness and how has it shaped policy in Bhutan? Should nations focus on GNH (like Bhutan and Thailand) instead of GDP? 2) In the chapter on Qatar, Eric Weiner wonders: What if everyone had their own personal museum, actual buildings devoted to telling our stories? If so, WHAT WOULD YOUR MUSEUM LOOK LIKE? Chapters 5 & 6: Iceland & Moldova 1) Like Iceland, many nations that top the world happiness lists are small, homogeneous, and egalitarian cultures. Why does this foster happiness? 2) Why is Moldova one of the least happy countries on earth? Why didn’t democracy make them happier? Chapters 7 & 8: Thailand & Great Britain 1) Thailand focuses on pleasure and not thinking as a pathway to happiness. -
Understanding the Experience of Transactional Sex Among Young Women in Winnipeg and Its
Understanding the experience of transactional sex among young women in Winnipeg and its implications for health policy By Dianne Cheng A Thesis Submitted to the Faculty of Graduate Studies of The University of Manitoba In Partial Fulfillment of the Requirements For the Degree of Masters of Science Family Social Sciences University of Manitoba Winnipeg, Manitoba Copyright © 2013 by Dianne Cheng UNDERSTANDING THE EXPERIENCE 2 Acknowledgements I wish to thank the following people for their knowledge, guidance, and support in the development and completion of this thesis: The young women who allowed me to interact with them one-on-one and shared a part of their lives by telling me their stories. Without them this research would have been impossible The staff at various agencies servicing young women who so kindly and willingly helped to recruit young women My thesis committee including Dr. Javier Mignone, Dr. Kerstin Roger, Dr. Susan Frohlick, and Paula Migliardi for sharing their knowledge and insight. They gave their time and encouraged me throughout this process My friends and family for standing by me and supporting me throughout the past year UNDERSTANDING THE EXPERIENCE 3 Abstract While there is evidence that young women involved in transactional sex face economical, emotional and health disadvantages, few studies have examined young women’s understanding and knowledge of risky behaviours (e.g., substance abuse, acquiring sexually transmitted infections including HIV/AIDS, domestic violence, etc.) and how these influence their health and well-being. The debate on the definitions, relevance, and causes of transactional sex, as well as on the approaches to address it, is ongoing.