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Potential Geopark Vis Archipelago (Central Adriatic, Croatia) – Sustainable Development of World-Class Geotourism Based on Natural Resources

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Potential Geopark Vis Archipelago (Central Adriatic, Croatia) – Sustainable Development of World-Class Geotourism Based on Natural Resources HRVATSKI GEOLOŠKI INSTITUT CROATIAN GEOLOGICAL SURVEY Potential geopark Vis archipelago (Central Adriatic, Croatia) – sustainable development of world-class geotourism based on natural resources Tvrtko KORBAR1, Mirko BELAK1, Nikola BELIĆ1 , Staša BOROVIĆ1, Jakša BOŢANIĆ2, Izidora MARKOVIĆ VUKADIN3, Josip TERZIĆ1 1 Croatian Geological Survey, Zagreb, CROATIA [email protected] 2 Ribarska 10, Komiţa, Vis Island, CROATIA [email protected] 3 Institute for tourism, Vrhovec 5, HR-10000, Zagreb, CROATIA [email protected] Mediterranean Islands Conference: MIC - Vis, 21-24, September 2016 HRVATSKI GEOLOŠKI INSTITUT CROATIAN GEOLOGICAL SURVEY Central Adriatic (northern Mediterranean) Vis island archipelago (Croatia) encompasses the islands of Vis, Biševo, Brusnik, St. Andrija, Jabuka and Palagruža, along with many islets and scars. HRVATSKI GEOLOŠKI INSTITUT CROATIAN GEOLOGICAL SURVEY HIGHLIGHTS • the island of Vis has limited fresh-water supply that is completely predisposed by unique geological structure; • the archipelago deserves the highest level of protection and promotion as an extraordinary geoheritage that could be used for world-class sustainable tourism; • We propose a cooperation with local and regional authorities for an expert-based project for development of sustainable tourism; • geotourism has tendencies to extend out of crowded main season and attracts mostly environment-friendly tourists. • final goal: Geopark Vis - an excellent opportunity for inhabitants to organize the highest level of sustainable development in future. HRVATSKI GEOLOŠKI INSTITUT CROATIAN GEOLOGICAL SURVEY New geological map revealed that Vis archipelago is characterized by the most diversified natural geoheritage in the region, relative to its size. Korbar, T., Belak, M., Fuček, L., Husinec, A., Oštrić, N., Palenik, D. & Vlahović, I. (2012): Osnovna geološka karta Republike Hrvatske mjerila 1:50 000 – list Vis 3 i Biševo 1 (Basic Geological Map of the Republic of Croatia scale 1:50.000 – sheet Vis 3 and Biševo 1).- Hrvatski geološki institut (Croatian Geological Survey), Zavod za geologiju (Department of Geology), Zagreb, 1 list (1 sheet). HRVATSKI GEOLOŠKI INSTITUT CROATIAN GEOLOGICAL SURVEY The islands are built of a variety of rocks formed during last 220 million years, and deformed subsequently during particular tectonic processes characterizing the area. Korbar, T., Belak, M., Fuček, L., Husinec, A., Oštrić, N., Palenik, D. & Vlahović, I. (2012): Osnovna geološka karta Republike Hrvatske mjerila 1:50 000 – list Vis 3 i Biševo 1 (Basic Geological Map of the Republic of Croatia scale 1:50.000 – sheet Vis 3 and Biševo 1).- Hrvatski geološki institut (Croatian Geological Survey), Zavod za geologiju (Department of Geology), Zagreb, 1 list (1 sheet). The fabulous natural landscape includes a variety of geomorphological features HRVATSKIrelated GEOLOŠKI to subsurface INSTITUT salt -diapir structure... CROATIAN GEOLOGICAL SURVEY Komiža Bay HRVATSKI GEOLOŠKI INSTITUT CROATIAN GEOLOGICAL SURVEY ... 2 km wide salt head protruded to the surface from 5 km depth, and carries inside the mass of various rocks... ...includingHRVATSKI the oldest GEOLOŠKI rocks on theINSTITUT Adriatic coast, hosting a unique Kamenice beach...CROATIAN GEOLOGICAL SURVEY HRVATSKI GEOLOŠKI INSTITUT CROATIAN GEOLOGICAL SURVEY ...and type localities of interesting and unusual sedimentary and volcanic rocks... ... along withHRVATSKI active erosion GEOLOŠKI of still INSTITUT growing islands. CROATIAN GEOLOGICAL SURVEY HRVATSKI GEOLOŠKI INSTITUT CROATIAN GEOLOGICAL SURVEY Besides, these old rocks hold water inside the island, since distinct tectonic contacts of permeable and impermeable rocks form a unique water catchment, allowing... HRVATSKI GEOLOŠKI INSTITUT CROATIAN GEOLOGICAL SURVEY SUSTAINABLE WATER SUPPLY • Vis Island has its own fresh water supply – Korita pumping site drilled wells – Pizdica spring with intake structure • due to higher number of tourists, the needs for water supply will tend to increase • possibility of sea water intrusion into the fresh water karst aquifer due to – higher pumping rates – increasing irregularity of rainfall • good quantitative and chemical status of the aquifer should be maintained – state of the art hydrogeological research needed HRVATSKI GEOLOŠKI INSTITUT CROATIAN GEOLOGICAL SURVEY Main source of water supply Korita pumping site drilled wells in the central part of Vis Island HRVATSKI GEOLOŠKI INSTITUT CROATIAN GEOLOGICAL SURVEY Reserve pumping site Pizdica Springs in Komiţa Bay HRVATSKI GEOLOŠKI INSTITUT CROATIAN GEOLOGICAL SURVEY Prospective areas • additional research required – tracer testing – pumping tests – hydrogeochemical monitoring – detailed hydrogeological mapping (1:5000 scale) • goals – increasing water supply – avoiding sea water intrusion into fresh water aquifer • sustainable water supply for sustainable tourism development Terzić & Frangen, 2012 ADCP was low-latitude intra-oceanic (intra-Tethyan) platform system, comparable to the Bahama banks. HRVATSKI GEOLOŠKI INSTITUT CROATIAN GEOLOGICAL SURVEY Most of rocks on the islands are limestones that originate from sand and mud deposited millions of years ago on top of a Bahama type Adriatic carbonate platform: shallow submarine bank once located in a tropical belt. Korbar, 2009 HRVATSKI GEOLOŠKI INSTITUT CROATIAN GEOLOGICAL SURVEY Each layer of rock deposited during thousands of years, and stacking one above another forming huge stone book built of thousands of layers of carbonate rocks, that include interesting fossils and geological features... HRVATSKI GEOLOŠKI INSTITUT CROATIAN GEOLOGICAL SURVEY The fossils originate from organisms once living on the bottom of the sea, before became extinct along with dinosaurs... ... while today are lithified in limestone rocks.HRVATSKI GEOLOŠKI INSTITUT CROATIAN GEOLOGICAL SURVEY S Huma se vide brojne geomorfološke zanimljivosti otoka Visa, koje su nastale tijekom najmlađeg geološkogHRVATSKI razdoblja GEOLOŠKI – kvartara, INSTITUT a izravno su uvjetovane geološkom građom i CROATIAN GEOLOGICAL SURVEY okolnostima koje su prevladavale tijekom tog doba. There are also many pebbly and sandy beaches – the youngest geological formations. E.g., famous Stiniva cove... HRVATSKI GEOLOŠKI INSTITUT ...that formed by interesting CROATIAN GEOLOGICAL SURVEY geological processes thousands of years ago. HRVATSKI GEOLOŠKI INSTITUT CROATIAN GEOLOGICAL SURVEY On eastern part of Vis island there are interesting sand plains formed during the last Ice Age, when sea level was more than 100 m lower, and most of the today eastern Adriatic bottom was land... HRVATSKI GEOLOŠKI INSTITUT CROATIAN GEOLOGICAL SURVEY ... while strong winds moved sand from the steppe to the hills where sand dunes filled the ancient relief. Along the coast,HRVATSKI there are GEOLOŠKI wild landscapes INSTITUT and attractive cliffs... CROATIAN GEOLOGICAL SURVEY Biševo All these beautifulHRVATSKI natural GEOLOŠKI phenomena INSTITUT owe the existence to geological structures andCROATIAN processes. GEOLOGICAL.. SURVEY Biševo - Modra špilja HRVATSKI GEOLOŠKI INSTITUT... and the interesting story should be CROATIAN GEOLOGICAL SURVEYpresented to tourists... HRVATSKI GEOLOŠKI INSTITUT ... includingCROATIAN the GEOLOGICALorigin of the SURVEYfamous Blue Cave. Komiža Bay, Brusnik and Jabuka islets, appear along the so-called „volcanic line”. HRVATSKI GEOLOŠKI INSTITUT CROATIAN GEOLOGICAL SURVEY Jabuka HRVATSKI GEOLOŠKI INSTITUT CROATIAN GEOLOGICAL SURVEY These are peaks of huge subsurface blocks of ancient magmatic rocks, today standing above sea level... HRVATSKI GEOLOŠKI INSTITUT CROATIAN GEOLOGICAL SURVEY ...because of salt tectonics - natural force still forming the islands of the archipelago... Brusnik ... along with wild landscapes and attractive cliffs... Sv. Andrija HRVATSKI GEOLOŠKI INSTITUT CROATIAN GEOLOGICAL SURVEY HRVATSKI... and romantic GEOLOŠKI places... INSTITUT Velika Palagruža CROATIAN GEOLOGICAL SURVEY HRVATSKI... on distant GEOLOŠKI islands... INSTITUT Mala Palagruža CROATIAN GEOLOGICAL SURVEY HRVATSKI GEOLOŠKI INSTITUT CROATIAN GEOLOGICAL SURVEY ...including the southernmost „dry point” of Croatia... Galijula HRVATSKI GEOLOŠKI INSTITUT CROATIAN GEOLOGICAL SURVEY ...type locality of PELAGOSITE – a mineral of interesting origin named in world literature according to Pelagosa (Palagruža) island! HRVATSKI GEOLOŠKI INSTITUT CROATIAN GEOLOGICAL SURVEY Integration of tourism sustainability • Sustainability of tourism can only function as a part of all other dimensions of sustainability that have got to be considered HRVATSKI GEOLOŠKI INSTITUT CROATIAN GEOLOGICAL SURVEY The concept of geotourism (geological tourism) • Geotourism is providing interpretive content and services that promote the value and social benefits of geological and geomorphological sites and their materials for the purpose of their further preservation for students, tourists and excursionists (Hose, 1995) • Geotourism supports, promotes and respects the geographical character of a place that is visited by its environment, culture, aesthetics, heritage and the well- being of people who live there (National Geographic Society, 1997) • Newer and wider interpretations are placing geotourism in close relationship with sustainable development HRVATSKI GEOLOŠKI INSTITUT CROATIAN GEOLOGICAL SURVEY Conceptualization of the nature and the scope of geotourism Landscapes Landforms Sediments Tectonic Rocks FORM activity Fossils Igneous PROCESS processes Weathering TOURISM Erosion Deposition Attractions Accomodation
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