The Proposed Forest City Island Reclamation and Mixed Development, Johor

Detailed Environmental Impact Assessment

Volume 1: Executive Summary

Country Garden Pacificview Sdn. Bhd. October 2014

DR. NIK & ASSOCIATES SDN. BHD. No. 22 & 24, Jalan Wangsa Delima 6, Seksyen 5, Pusat Bandar Wangsa Maju (KLSC), 53300 Kuala Lumpur. T 603 4145 8888 F 603 4145 8877 THE PROPOSED FOREST CITY ISLAND RECLAMATION & MIXED DEVELOPMENT, JOHOR

DETAILED ENVIRONMENTAL IMPACT ASSESSMENT

Volume 1: Executive Summary

October 2014

COUNTRY GARDEN PACIFICVIEW SDN. BHD. Galeri Jualan, Tingkat 2, Lot PTB 22056, Teluk Danga, Jalan Skudai, 80200 Johor Bahru T 607 504 2222 F 607 504 2288

Prepared by:

DR. NIK & ASSOCIATES SDN. BHD. No. 22 & 24, Jalan Wangsa Delima 6, Seksyen 5, Pusat Bandar Wangsa Maju (KLSC), 53300 Kuala Lumpur T 603 4145 888 F 603 4145 8877 Executive Summary 1 ... Sl uti ntlain ES-12 SiltCurtain Installation 5.5.1.1 Reclamation 5.5.1 Project Activities Shoreline Eastern Phases Project 5.5 WesternShoreline 5.2.4 Concept Project and Components ES-6 5.4 SungaiPulai 5.2.3 5.3 Project Site 5.2.2 ES-6 5.2.1 GeneralSite Descriptions Project Location 5.2 5.1 Development 5 Modernisationof Infrastructure Developmentand GeneratingLocal Economic Growth 4.7 Realisationof theState of Johor as being a Gl 4.6 Opportunity JohorBahru as an International City 4.5 4.4 SouthernJohor’s Surging Economy Creates a Boom StrengthenMalaysia Singapore Bilateral Relatio 4.3 Conceptof “Forest City” 4.2 4.1 4 3 2 1 ... Teteto ilMtra ES-12 ES-12 ES-12 Treatmentof Fill Material 5.5.1.4 Constructionof Parameter Bund 5.5.1.3 Placementof Fill Material 5.5.1.2 Description Project Need of Statement Initiator Project Chronology & Background Project Introduction Contents blEooi u ES-6 obalEconomic Hub s ES-6 ns Urban ingBusiness ES-12 ES-12 ES-10 ES-10 ES-10 ES-10 ES-9 ES-9 ES-9 ES-7 ES-7 ES-7 ES-6 ES-5 ES-5 ES-5 ES-1 ES-1 ES-i DR. NIK & ASSOCIATES SDN. BHD. l www.drnik.com.my Detailed Environmental Impact Assessment (DEIA) for the Proposed Forest City Island Reclamation & Mixed Development, Johor

5.5.1.5 Instrumentation and Monitoring of Works ES-13 5.5.1.6 Construction of Shore Protection Structure ES-13 5.5.2 Source and Transportation of Fill Material ES-13 5.5.3 Dredging ES-13 5.5.4 Disposal of Dredged Material ES-16 5.5.5 Development on Newly-reclaimed Land ES-16 5.5.5.1 Roads and Bridges ES-16 5.5.5.2 Water Supply ES-16 5.5.5.3 Sewage Management ES-18 5.5.5.4 Solid Waste/Municipal Waste Management ES-18 5.5.5.5 Drainage and Stormwater Management ES-18 5.5.5.6 Power Supply ES-18 5.5.5.7 Telecommunications ES-21

6 Project Options ES-22

6.1 Reclamation Configuration ES-22 6.2 No Build Option ES-22

7 Existing Physical Environment ES-23

7.1 Land Use ES-23 7.2 Committed Developments ES-25 7.3 Hydraulic Components ES-26 7.4 Geology and Geotechnical ES-26 7.5 Hydrology and Drainage ES-26 7.6 Water Quality ES-27 7.7 Sediment Quality ES-30 7.8 Air Quality ES-30 7.9 Noise ES-32 7.10 Existing Land Traffic ES-32

8 Environmentally Sensitive Areas (ESAs) ES-35

8.1 Seagrass Bed (Merambong and Tanjung Adang Shoals) ES-36 8.2 Merambong Island ES-36 8.3 Ramsar Site (Sungai Pulai and Tanjung Piai) ES-36 8.4 Mudflat ES-37 8.5 Aquacultures ES-37 8.6 Populated Areas ES-37 8.7 Coastline Conditions ES-38

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ES-ii Table of Contents ES-51 13 ESCP Overall 12.6 Inspection Site Maintenance & 12.5 Design of Sediment Basin 12.4 Designof Sediment Fence 12.3 ESCPMeasures 12.2 Erosion & SedimentControl Plan (ESCP) 12.1 12 Feedbacksfrom thePublic DialogueSessions Conclusion Project Assessment 11.3.3and Local Acceptability 11.5 ExistingPublic Health 11.3.2 11.4 ES- Findings E 11.3 Methodology 11.2 Introduction 11.1 11 PortControl 10.5 Existing MarineTraffic Procedure and Safety R 10.4 Conditionsof LocalClimate 10.3 Existing MarineTraffic & NavigationChannel 10.2 Existing Marine Facilitiesand Utilisation 10.1 10 MarineBiology TerrestrialFauna 9.3 TerrestrialFlora (Mangrove) 9.2 9.1 9 Environment Environment Biological & Physical the on Measures Mitigation & Potential Impacts ES- Control Sediment & Erosion PerceptionsTowards the Proposed Project 11.3.1 Environment Human Existing Navigation & Traffic Marine Fishand Fisheries Seagrass 9.3.2 9.3.1 Environment Biological Existing ls ES-45 ules ES-50 ES-52 ES-52 ES-52 ES-52 ES-52 ES-51 ES-51 ES-50 ES-50 ES-49 ES-47 ES-46 ES-45 ES-45 ES-45 ES-44 ES-43 ES-42 ES-41 ES-41 ES-40 ES-38 ES-38 S-44 48 43 ES-iii ES-iii DR. NIK & ASSOCIATES SDN. BHD. l www.drnik.com.my Detailed Environmental Impact Assessment (DEIA) for the Proposed Forest City Island Reclamation & Mixed Development, Johor

14 Potential Impacts & Mitigation Measures on the Human Environment ES-62

14.1 Project Activities ES-62 14.2 Pre-construction Phase ES-62 14.2.1 Potential Impact on Location and Site ES-62 14.3 Construction Phase ES-62 14.3.1 Potential Impact on Labour ES-62 14.3.2 Potential Impact on Livelihood ES-63 14.3.3 Potential Impact on Safety ES-64 14.3.4 Potential Impact on Tranquility and Aesthetics ES-64 14.3.5 Impacts on Construction and Operation of Workers’ Camps ES-64 14.4 Development on Newly-reclaimed Land ES-65 14.4.1 Potential Impact on Employment ES-65 14.4.2 Potential Impact on Income and Revenue ES-66 14.4.3 Potential Impact on the Wider Multiplier Effects ES-66 14.4.4 Potential Impact on Demography, Housing and Other Services ES-66 14.4.5 Potential Socio-Cultural Impacts ES-67

15 Residual Impacts ES-67

15.1 Introduction ES-67 15.2 Decline in Marine Water Quality ES-68 15.3 Disruption to the Sensitive Ecosystem ES-68 15.4 Sedimentation and Erosion ES-68 15.5 Increase in Land Traffic ES-69 15.6 Disruption to Marine Traffic ES-69 15.7 Loss of Fishing Ground ES-69 15.8 Foreign Influx ES-69 15.9 Impacts on Socio-economy ES-69 15.10 Changes in Viewscape ES-70

16 Economic Valuation on Environmental Impacts ES-70

16.1 Valuation of Costs and Benefits ES-70 16.2 Overall Assessment ES-70

17 Environmental Management Plan (EMP) ES-71

18 Conclusions ES-71 DR. NIK & ASSOCIATES SDN. BHD. l www.drnik.com.my l BHD. SDN. ASSOCIATES & NIK DR.

ES-iv Table of Contents Proposed MonitoringProgramme TableES17.1 Co Environmental on Impacts of Summary TableES13.1 Respondents’Reasons for Agreeing with TableES11.4 Adv Socio-economic Perceived of Rating Table ES11.3 Economic Profile of the Respondents Table ES11.2 DistributionRespondentsof Componeby Table ES11.1 PastStranding RecordedDugong(Dugoof SeagrassTable Species inES9.4 Tanjung Adang Shoal LocationsTable of Field ES9.3Survey and Trapping Locations Tablefor Flora ES9.2 Survey and Plot Stu List of ESAsTable within ES9.1 the Vicinity of the ExistingRoadway OperatingConditions TableES8.1 NoiseSampling Stations TableES7.7 Air Quality MonitoringBaseline Results TableES7.6 Air Quality Stations TableES7.5 Sediment QualityAnalyses TableES7.4 Detailsof Water Quality Sampling TableES7.3 Water QualitySampling Stations TableES7.2 DesignSummary of the Dredging Works TableES7.1 Phasing Project Table ES5.3 Coordinatesof theProject Area Table ES5.2 Chronology Project Table ES5.1 Table ES2.1 Activities Brought about by the Proposed Project (Percent Sayi Proposed Project Area Study Areas Tables Project Area dy Sites

and Merambong Shoal theProposed Project nt and Settlementandnt nearby the nae ad Disadvantages and antages ng dugong)ngVicinitythe toin pnns u t Project to due mponents ng Yes) ES-v DR. NIK & ASSOCIATES SDN. BHD. l www.drnik.com.my Detailed Environmental Impact Assessment (DEIA) for the Proposed Forest City Island Reclamation & Mixed Development, Johor

Figures

Figure ES2.1 Allocated Land Lots for the Overall Development Figure ES5.1 Satellite Image of the Project Site Figure ES5.2 Order of Reclamation Phases Figure ES5.3 Location of Sand Borrow Area at Ramunia Shoal Figure ES5.4 Dredging Area Figure ES5.5 Location of Reservoir Sites Figure ES5.6 Location of STP and IPS Figure ES5.7 Typical Main Drain Section Figure ES5.8 Location of PMU Figure ES5.9 Location of Source Supply and Telephone Line Route Figure ES6.1 Land Title for Country Garden Pacificview Sdn. Bhd Figure ES7.1 Existing Land Use Figure ES7.2 Water Quality Sampling Stations Figure ES7.3 Noise Quality Monitoring Stations Figure ES7.4 Existing Road Network

DR. NIK & ASSOCIATES SDN. BHD. l www.drnik.com.my l BHD. SDN. ASSOCIATES & NIK DR.

ES-vi Table of Contents JOHOR”(hereafter referred to as the “Project”). h st ad lde t rsm wrs ne h DEIA the once works resume to approved. pledged and site the voluntaril has Proponent the situation, the of view De ofrequirement the to led then whichraised were However,in June 2014 whilereclamationthe1 Phase locations. 8on the whereby Bahru Johor of district Kupang, Tanjung t of lots land the of Project". All City "Forest as th along concentrated ProponProject the become has is Bhd. Sdn. Pacificview which Johor in development the way for the viability and realisation of the pr the of realisation and viability the for way the since project Malaysia Iskandar the of success The 2.0 RPSD OET IY SAD ELMTO AD IE D MIXED AND RECLAMATION ISLAND CITY FOREST PROPOSED AS IMPACT ENVIRONMENTAL “DETAILED titled is prepared I Environmental Detailed this which for project The islands.These islands are intended to be developed will it of aspects major the where Johor of Straits dev TheJohor. Kupang,Tanjung of coastlinethe and ad activitiesreclamation land undertake to intends ref (hereafter Bhd. Sdn. Pacificview Garden Country 1.0 th oebr 2013. November Project Background and Chronology Chronology and Background Project Introduction Introduction Figure ES2.1Figure Volume 1 Summary Executive hw te ad o nmes n ter respective their and numbers lot land the shows he proposed Project are located in in located are Projectproposed he oposed Project. Following the trend of trend the Following Project. oposed be the formation of four manmade four of formation the be y stopped its reclamation activities at activitiesreclamation its stopped y jacent to the Port of Tanjung PelepasTanjung of Port the to jacent as mixed development. its establishment in 2006 has paved has 2006 in establishment its erred to as the “Project Proponent”)“Project the as to erred elopment is located on the Western the on located is elopment was ongoing,was transboundary issues pc Assmn (EA rpr is report (DEIA) Assessment mpact land for this Project was alienated was Project this for land tailed EIA and Hydraulic studies. In studies.Hydraulic and EIA tailed ent for a Project commonly knowncommonly Project a for ent catie Cuty Garden Country coastline, e ESET TD FR THE FOR STUDY SESSMENT n Hdalc tde are studies Hydraulic and EVELOPMENT, mukim

ES-1 DR. NIK & ASSOCIATES SDN. BHD. l www.drnik.com.my Detailed Environmental Impact Assessment (DEIA) for the Proposed Forest City Island Reclamation & Mixed Development, Johor

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A E IN N AI G UN S S U NGA I PE CIQ COMPLEX ND AS NA N M E MA U M A I CH K U S UN G IM K T IM AN P J UL U A NG I K U PA NG A A SU N G A I I D UY ON G R KE CH IL S S UN G A U I D U Y ON Y G B ES A R P A

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1 1 1 1 3 2 G 6 3 A 3 4 28 13 5 3 2 9 3 3 16 N 9 3 4 15 5 3 6 1 M 1 7 36 8 2 9 2 0 4 I 22 14 24 2 5 18 S 19 1 4 3 1 169 8 8 23 2 3 7 38 42 39 44 43 4 1 40 14 801 PTD 4072 47 9 6 08 5 60 8 6 07 7 6 6 0 4 6 1 3 6 8 0 7 0 82 3 6 0 3 45 7 5 6 6 08 1 6 6 0 80 0 6 0 7 9 SIMPANAN MELAYU 7 8 3 KAMPUNG LADANG 9 7 3 3 9 7 3 1 9 3 7 9 4 6 9 3 9 3975 6 3972 3 7 CADANGAN 9 6 3 5 9 6 3970 3 3 3 9 9 6 6 JALAN MASUK 3 3 8 1 9 9 5 6 6 3 9 3 9 9 5 6 3 7 3 4 9 9 SEMENTARA 5 CADANGAN JALAN MASUK 6 3 5 2 3 1 9 2 9 2 5 2 3 6 1 1 3 0 2 3 2 3 9 2 9 5 1 5 3 8 TG. PELEPAS DARI2 LEBUHRAYA LINK KEDUA 3 1 9 9 5 4 3 6 7 0 9 9 2 3 3 5 5 9 0 4 1 1 9 3 3 4 2 2 4 3 1 768 1 1 7 9 MELALUI PTP INTERCHANGE 3 5 2 2 2 6 2 5 0 9 1 4 3 7 6 2 3 6 7 8 5 9 7 6 9 7 5 6 6 3888 4 0 PORT 7 3 7 7 3889 3 3 3 9 9 3890 9 4 4 1217 2070 3904 3 3 1 8 3927 3928 9 3891 3 9 1230 9 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 772 3 3 3924 7 9 3892 3 3 9 9 9 9 9 9 9 9 9 4 3894 9 3923 9 5 6 0 0 0 1 1 1 1 3929 3 1231 1 2 3 3896 3

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- PTD 4092 A I PTD 4101 S TANJUNG BIN Y A L A M

A S PTD 4102 G N A B A R A T N A

N A PTD 4098 D A P M E S ASIA PETROLEUM HUB

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Figure ES2.1 Allocated Land Lots for the Overall Development

DOE Putrajaya has also requested for a Preliminary Assessment to be carried out to

assess the impacts of the partially reclaimed Phase 1 and its related transboundary issues. The detailed assessment of Phase 1 reclamation and its related mitigating measures are further described in Volume 4 of the DEIA report.

The Project's chronology is as Table ES2.1 . DR. NIK & ASSOCIATES SDN. BHD. l www.drnik.com.my l BHD. SDN. ASSOCIATES & NIK DR.

ES-2 Volume 1—Executive Summary ProjectChronology TableES2.1 17 6 8thNovember 2013 15 12 2 1 22 20 13 2013 th nd st June 2014 th th th nd th th June 2014 June 2014 June 2014 June 2014 June 2014 January 2014 January 2014 January 2014 Date joinedforces to create Country GardenPacificview reclaimed island. road (termed road as almost 40%of the intended 49.3ha. This includes a approvedby DOEand DID.The progress of reclamatio toresume worksuntil the DetailedEIA and Hydrauli TheProponent has voluntarily stopped reclamation w AssessmentReport as aswell the DEIA and Hydraulic theEnvironmental and Hydraulic Consultant to prepa Hence,the appointment of Dr. Nik Associates & Sdn reclamationwere requiredto be submitted for appro addition In to that, Detailed EIA and Hydraulic Stu Putrajayaby the 23rd June 2014. Phase1 and address the transboundary issues for su AssessmentReport to assess the impacts of the part Following which,the Proponent was requestedto sub meetingto discuss on the transboundary issues bein DOEPutrajaya has called the Proponentand the rela proposed reclamationbe prepared forapproval. DOEJohor issued aletter requestingfor a Detailed DOEJohor issued aletter for mitigation toworks b KMLfor PTD 4102was submitted to MPJBT. Commencementof Phase 1 reclamation works. (PAT)for Phase 1 wassubmitted to DOE Johor. 4102encompassing an area of 49.3ha. A Preliminary TheProponent intendedto implement itsPhase rec 1 DOEJohor has issuedPAT approval for the Phase 1 r 4,887acres. comprising PTD4091, 4092, 4098,4101 and 4102. The Landalienation was obtainedby Country Garden Paci company relatedto Kumpulan Prasarana Rakyat Johor Country Garden HoldingsLtd. andEsplanade Danga88 waterquality monitoring. doublelayered siltcurtain, daily water quality mo undertakethe necessary mitigating measures suchas put are on hold. Meanwhile, the Proponent was reque barges, sandfilling, treatment of material, fill e hasissued aletter to ensure all activities (trans Followingthe voluntarily stop by work the Proponen CGCauseway )from the mainland to the partially Remarks xcavation,etc.) at site portationof sand by diesfor the overall nitoring andonline edone onsite. EIAfor the Sdn.Bhd (CGPV)., temporary access c studiesc have been t,DOE Putrajaya iallyreclaimed eclamation. . Bhd (DNASB)as tedagencies fora g g raised. studies. Site Assessment bmissionto DOE val. re the re Preliminary lamationon PTD ficviewfor mit aPreliminary orks andpledged installation of total area is stedto nhas covered (KPRJ),have Sdn.Bhd., a ES-3 DR. NIK & ASSOCIATES SDN. BHD. l www.drnik.com.my Detailed Environmental Impact Assessment (DEIA) for the Proposed Forest City Island Reclamation & Mixed Development, Johor

Table ES2.1 (cont’d)

Date Remarks

Submission of the Preliminary Assessment report to DOE Putrajaya on 23 rd June 2014 the impacts of the partially reclaimed Phase 1 and transboundary issues.

DOE Johor issued a Notis Arahan Serta Merta (Ref: AS(B)J/50/011/200/262) to the Proponent which includes an immediate maintenance of the 24 th June 2014 existing silt curtain installed at site; installation of doublelayered silt curtain; submission of marine water quality monitoring report; appointment of an Environmental Officer.

Presentation of the Preliminary Assessment of Phase 1 to DOE, expert panels and government agencies at DOE Putrajaya. It was agreed upon by the Proponent and DOE that based on the initial assessment, the CG 9th July 2014 Causeway shall be removed to avoid further impacts on the seagrass bed (Merambong Shoal) and to allow for smooth water flow within the western Straits of Johor.

KMP and Building Plan were submitted simultaneously to OSC for 1st July 2014 Phase 1 reclamation.

Submission of DEIA Terms of Reference (TOR) for the initial allocated 7th July 2014 land lots.

Meeting with State Planning Committee (Technical) at JPBD Johor with 3rd August 2014 regards to planning issues. A final landform upon consideration of hydraulic inputs which consists of four islands (4,012.5 acres) was

4th August 2014 Meeting with SPC, chaired by the Menteri Besar of Johor.

Review Panel Meeting for DEIA TOR at DOE Putrajaya (initial landform 14 th August 2014 of 5000 acres). However, a revised TOR incorporating the new landform was required.

Submission of the DEIA Revised TOR which covers the finalized 4th September 2014 landform of four islands (4,012.5 acres).

Focus Group Discussion (FGD) was held with the affected stakeholders 14 th September 2014 namely UEM Sunrise, Sunway Iskandar, Putri Harbour, Medini, PTP and Lido Boulevard.

FGD with the villagers was held at Dewanraya Kampung Pok 14 th September 2014 comprising the Penghulu Gelang Patah; Ketua of Kampung Tanjung Adang, Kampung Pok, Kampung Tiram Duku, Kampung Pendas,

21 st September 2014 Public Dialogue was held at Dewan Raya Kampung Pok.

FGD with the Village Representatives attended by three Executive 29 th September 2014 Directors from the Proponent.

FGD with the representatives from Kampung Pok for discussion on the 30 th September 2014 alternatives for Main Access Road Alignment. DR. NIK & ASSOCIATES SDN. BHD. l www.drnik.com.my l BHD. SDN. ASSOCIATES & NIK DR.

ES-4 Volume 1—Executive Summary TableES2.1 workand study and in, for recreation. that lifestyle a settingsustainableanurbanthaenvironment in and emphasising by wellness aspirati an on is centres City" "Forest of concept development par southern investmen the the in competition providing in in Singapore Patah Gelang and Kupang Tanjung has which areas surrounding the developmentto impacts significant mixed commercial largescale, This of City" "Forest Concept 4.1 4.0 PusatBandar Wangsa Maju, Kuala Lumpur. Associ & Nik Dr. by out carried studywas DEIA This Teluk in Danga, Jalan Skudai, Johor Bahru. The Project Initiator or Proponent is CountryGarde is Proponent orInitiatorProject The 3.0 8 10 10 8 3 1 30 th th rd st th th th October 2014 October 2014 October 2014 October 2014 September 2014 October 2014 October 2014 Statement of Need Need of Statement Project Initiator Initiator Project Date (cont’d) TheDEIA Revised hasTOR been approved by DOEPutra Adang. FGD washeld withthe residents of Kampung Tiram Du local residentsat Restoran Sungai Pendas. Another FGDwas conducted the in afternoon the with representativefrom Jabatan Kemajuan OrangAsli (JK DewanTarbiah, Kampung Simpang Arang. Alsoattended FGD washeld withthe OrangAsli of Kampung Simpang KampungPok. FGD washeld withthe residents of Kampung Paya Men Engagement withKelab Alami TanjungKupang. Engagement withKampung Pendas Baru residents.

Remarks ates Sdn. Bhd. which head office is in is officehead which Bhd. Sdn.ates n Pacificview Sdn. Bhd. with its office its withBhd. Sdn.Pacificview n include the Port of Tanjung Pelepas, Tanjung of Port the include t is efficient and comfortableandefficient tois live, t , rd ad ors scos The sectors. tourism and trade t, n oad a eeomn that development a towards on s amnc n haty i a in healthy, and harmonic is h ptnil f eutn in resulting of potential the o te tt ad lo to also and state the of t OA). OA). fishermenand ku andTanjung Arang at gkuangand jaya. by ES-5 DR. NIK & ASSOCIATES SDN. BHD. l www.drnik.com.my Detailed Environmental Impact Assessment (DEIA) for the Proposed Forest City Island Reclamation & Mixed Development, Johor

4.2 Strengthen Malaysia-Singapore Bilateral Relations

The Project has easy access to the NorthSouth Expressway that connects the three countries of Thailand, Malaysia and Singapore and is close to the Second Link that binds the latter two countries. It has the potential of attracting investors from landstarved Singapore to commit international investments as a way to benefit from the planned facilities and thereby resulting in gains for both countries.

4.3 Southern Johor’s Surging Economy Creates a Booming Business Opportunity

The proposed development has the potential of opening international investment opportunities which would then help to propel Johor’s economy as the main gateway in the south of the country. Peninsular Malaysia has many advantages and capabilities including efficient accessibility and its proximity to Singapore, which is widely regarded as the most modern centre in the Asian region. The economic impacts would come about through business, investment and job opportunities which could be capitalised by the people, especially the young, and thereby creating a better and more secure life for all through income generation and higherquality facilities and infrastructure.

4.4 Johor Bahru as an International City

The state and federal governments have the vision to upgrade Johor Bahru into becoming an international city and as a National Regional Centre. This internationalisation is focused towards seven strategic components, of which the proposed Project will significantly contribute towards these.

4.5 Realisation of the State of Johor Being a Global Economic Hub

This Project is expected to encourage international foreign investments and will make Johor capable of competing with the other cities which have become global economic hubs like Dubai, Singapore and so on.

4.6 Generating Local Economic Growth

Forest City will also contribute to bring additional income to the State in the form of tax payment, premiums, quit rent, assessment fee, submission fee, licensing fee and etc.

In addition, upon completion of the development, a projected 62,200 new employment opportunities comprising various sectors will be created. DR. NIK & ASSOCIATES SDN. BHD. l www.drnik.com.my l BHD. SDN. ASSOCIATES & NIK DR.

ES-6 Volume 1—Executive Summary in in l geographically is reclamation proposed The acres. reclama the where PendasSungai to Adang Tanjung of Port TanjungKupang withintheStraits of Johor. The ofPro east the on located is Project proposed The Location Project 5.1 5.0 around GelangPatah, Tanjung Pelepas and Nusajaya e of Urban infrastructure and Modernisation Devel 4.7 xsig od n pbi tasotto sses an systems, transportation public propose and road the existing surrounding areas the in infrastructure million 700 RM around of investments be will There TableES5.1 Point M O N H D G A P P K C B E F L J I Project Description Description Project and as illustratedin 103°36' 33.991"E 103°36' 45.284"E 103°34' 40.871"E 103°34' 45.033"E 103°34' 37.214"E 103°35' 35.677"E 103°35' 45.719"E 103°34' 50.433"E 103°35' 58.152"E 103°36' 27.675"E 103°36' 50.149"E 103°37' 9.965" E 103°37' 3.774" E 103°36' 7.224" E 103°34' 2.777" E 103°36' 1.24"E Latitude FigureES5.1 . 1° 18'1° 45.972" N 19'1° 14.092" N 20'1° 14.589" N 20'1° 59.267" N 20'1° 36.092" N 20'1° 26.967" N 20'1° 29.865" N 20'1° 29.865" N 18'1° 28.915" N 19'1° 30.236" N 18'1° 47.609" N 1° 20'1° 5.581" N 21'1° 3.649" N 16'1° 21.46" N 16'1° 2.466" N ject area ject stretches along thecoastline 1° 19'1° 6.23" N ocated within the coordinates listed coordinates the within ocated Longitude wl bnft h pplto living population the benefit will d f ajn Plps n suh of south and Pelepas Tanjung of for upgrading works involving the involving works upgrading for specially. tion will cover an area of 4,012.5of area an cover will tion Poet Tee il oe the cover will These Project. d opment ProjectArea Coordinatesofthe TableES5.1

ES-7 DR. NIK & ASSOCIATES SDN. BHD. l www.drnik.com.my Detailed Environmental Impact Assessment (DEIA) for the Proposed Forest City Island Reclamation & Mixed Development, Johor Seagrass City Forest Land Existing Camp Workers’ TuasExtension View Boundary International (JUPEM,1979) Legend: Link Expressway Link nd 2 Merambong Island Sg. Pok Sg. Besar

Sg. Pulai Sg. Pelepas Port of Tanjung of Port Figure ES5.1 ES5.1 Figure Site Project the of Image Satellite DR. NIK & ASSOCIATES SDN. BHD. l www.drnik.com.my l BHD. SDN. ASSOCIATES & NIK DR.

ES-8 Volume 1—Executive Summary ea Co, ugi l Pli n Sna Jrm Vario Jeram. Sungai and Pulai Ulu Sungai Choh, Jeram tributaries within the Sungai Pulai system namely S namely system Pulai Sungai the within tributaries 31on site Ramsar a as declared been secondlar the and Johor in forest mangrove largest Re Forest Pulai Sungai the as known forest mangrove approximatelyof areacatchment a has Pulai Sungai Sungai Pulai 5.2.2 theProject area while Merambong Islandsits justn seagrassnamebeda Singapore. Thereis Tuasin and M the Kampun between Johor is Selat across spans featurethat Bridge manmade Another site. Project the caus a PulaimostSungairivermouth the dominant is landm by mainland the whic (PTP) Pelepas Tanjung of on Port Shoal. Merambong entrance the to complet (partiallyconnected land reclaimed of piece existing fo hostels workers’ and road access of construction the of entrancethe at done been has clearing Land ProjectSite 5.2.1 Shoreline Eastern (Sungai Pendas KotaIskandar WesternShoreline (Tanjung Bin Tanjung– Piai); a d) SungaiPulai; c) Project (Tanjungsite Pelepas Sungai Pendas); b) a) conditio site followingsections: existing The f section. radius this 5km in the covered within features site existing The Site Description General 5.2 theCustoms and Departmentjetty. vicinity immediate owne jetty a within jetty, Police Marine jetty, Department Pulai Sungai of banks the Senap Pulai,Sungaicomprisingof fishprawn and culcage Sungai Duku, Tiram areasaquacultureSeveralBoh.Sungai and Chengkeh Sungai namely Pulai Sungai st January 2003 (JNPC 2008). There are five major five are There 2008). (JNPC 2003 January extto Project site boundary. d by DynaMac Engineering Sdn. Bhd. Sdn. Engineering DynaMac by d ture. Therefourture. are locatedjetties on ungai Karang, Sungai Redan, Sungai Redan, Sungai Karang, ungai s r dsrbd codn t the to according described are ns Project site on the mainland for the for mainland the on site Project r the proposed Project. There is an is There Project. proposed the r d hs 1 elmto) hc is which reclamation) 1 Phase ed 345 km². The river is dominated by dominated is river The km². 345 ly Merambong ShoallocatedMerambong ly within ark withintheimmediateark vicinityof eti Pnnua Mlyi. t has It Malaysia. Peninsular in gest o te rjc ae ae briefly are area Project the rom can be found within the upstreamthe withinfound be can nd ). h sits on the eastern bank of the of bank eastern the on sits h g Ladang in Gelang Patah, Johor Patah, Gelang in Ladang g f T wih r te Marine the are which PTP of ev. hs oet eev i the is reserve forest This serve. s ml rvr as dan into drain also rivers small us lyiigpr Scn Link Second alaysiaSingapore n, ugi ia, Sungai Dinar, Sungai ang, wy hc rn through runs which eway ES-9 DR. NIK & ASSOCIATES SDN. BHD. l www.drnik.com.my Detailed Environmental Impact Assessment (DEIA) for the Proposed Forest City Island Reclamation & Mixed Development, Johor

5.2.3 Western Shoreline

The western shoreline described herein runs from Tanjung Bin to Tanjung Piai. Tanjung Bin is primarily covered with industrial landmarks namely Tanjung Bin Power Plant, ATB Oil Terminal and APH Oil Terminal. The shoreline of Tanjung Bin is lined with mangroves and of several tributaries that drain into Sungai Pulai which are Sungai Sam, Sungai Chokoh Kecil, Sungai Nibong and Sungai Chokoh Besar. The shoreline of Tanjung Piai is characterised by mangroves and mudflats which were gazetted as a forest reserve as well as a Ramsar site. Tanjung Piai is also known as “the Southernmost Tip of Continental Asia” and has become a tourist attraction.

5.2.4 Eastern Shoreline

The northeast shoreline reaches Kota Iskandar which is the main administrative centre for the Johor State Government. The administrative centre consists of the State Assembly building, and Chief Minister’s and State Secretariat’s offices. Situated next to Kota Iskandar is Puteri Harbour, a waterfront precinct developed as an integrated waterfront and marina that spans 688 acres. There is an international ferry terminal called Puteri Harbour International Ferry Terminal connecting Puteri Harbour with Tanjung Balai, Indonesia. Situated between Puteri Harbour and the Project site are two mangrove forest reserves, namely Kemudi and Sungai Bahan Forest Reserves. These two mangrove forests, which are located next to each other, cover a combined area of 155.6 ha and were gazetted as forest reserves in 1961.

5.3 Project Concepts and Components

The proposed Project consists of a cluster of four manmade islands with a total area of 4,012.5 acre (1,623.8 ha). The total quantity of fill material needed for the reclamation is 161,891,980m 3.The main components of the proposed development is made up of

serviced apartments, mixed commercial, clubhouse, neighbourhood centre, health centre, education facility, business park and water element.

5.4 Project Phases

The proposed Project is made up of four different islands whereby each island will represent one phase of the overall development. The order of the phases is illustrated in Figure ES5.2 while the duration for each phase is tabulated in Table ES5.2.

DR. NIK & ASSOCIATES SDN. BHD. l www.drnik.com.my l BHD. SDN. ASSOCIATES & NIK DR.

ES-10 Volume 1—Executive Summary Project Phasing TableES5.2 Orderof ReclamationPhases FigureES5.2 2014 Garden, Country Source: TANJUNG BINTANJUNG Duration Island4 Island3 Island2 Island1 Island PETROLEUM HUB ASIA TG. TG. PELEPAS

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U A ES-11 DR. NIK & ASSOCIATES SDN. BHD. l www.drnik.com.my Detailed Environmental Impact Assessment (DEIA) for the Proposed Forest City Island Reclamation & Mixed Development, Johor

5.5 Project Activities

The Project activities discussed within this section covers land reclamation and dredging works, and topside development. Prereclamation consists of installing silt curtain at the Project site. Meanwhile, land reclamation and dredging works comprise of dredging at the designated area, disposal of dredged material, transportation of fill material and placement of fill material at the reclamation area. Post reclamation will cover the topside developments.

5.5.1 Reclamation

5.5.1.1 Silt Curtain Installation

Silt curtain will be installed around the reclamation area as one of the measures in mitigating sediment dispersion. Doublelayered silt curtain will be used for the proposed Project. It should be noted that a specific method will be used for silt curtain installation at the seagrass area, where GI pipe will be used instead of the normal sinker block.

5.5.1.2 Placement of Fill Material

The total fill material needed to complete the overall reclamation is 161,891,980 m 3. For the first stage, the placement of fill material utilises a combination of CSD, conveyor barge and HDPE pipeline. The conveyor barge will pump the fill material to the CSD via a jointed pipeline, where the CSD in turn will pump sand to the filling area. Meanwhile, for the second stage, land machineries will be used to level and spread the fill materials above the water level. Earthmoving equipment (bulldozers, excavators and dump trucks) will be used for the handling of surcharge materials.

5.5.1.3 Construction of Perimeter Bund

A perimeter bund is constructed in order to contain any dispersion of sediment and plume resulting from the reclamation activities. The perimeter bund will be formed before the placement of fill material. Formation of the bund will be by using 230 g/m 2 of woven geotextile. The height of the bund shall be above the highest tidal. The slope of the bund will be within the range of 1: 8 to 1: 11 in order to avoid any potential circle slip.

5.5.1.4 Treatment of Fill Material

Soil improvement will be done on the reclaimed area in order to accelerate the consolidation of soft soil. Wick drain (PVD) will be used first for treatment followed by surcharging method. Compaction test is carried out to determine the rate of compaction. DR. NIK & ASSOCIATES SDN. BHD. l www.drnik.com.my l BHD. SDN. ASSOCIATES & NIK DR.

ES-12 Volume 1—Executive Summary 20,000 is m T pipe. the throughpumped be materialwill dredged conn will pipeline (HDPE) polyethylene Highdensity wil barges hopper with (CSD) Dredger Section Cutter done in areas with shallow water of less than 2 m i m 2 than less of water shallow with areas in done enablesevaluation ofimpactthechangesof the in (slope) boundary construction the at pressure water t monitor to installed be shall instrumentation The Instrumentationand Monitoring of Works 5.5.1.5 tabulated in tabulated in shown Tanj topreventorder sedimentation offrom occurring atth coastline the and 1 Island between area The Dredging 5.5.3 from sand the borrow area to thereclamation site. Co Three method. dredging dry utilizing area borrow mat fill in shown as ShoalRamunia the reclamation, the of phases initial For Sourceand Transportation of Fill Material 5.5.2 level. excavatorsthewatarmfromusinglong done be will inter m 40 the along level water the at constructed secondary for As level. water the reach they until act will which rocks constrthe lay to used For be will barge. barges laying a using panel each at laid w a(with fabric Geotextile laid. be cangeotextile profile prslope trimmingof Levelling and tolerance. the and level required the to up filled been has com will works protection shore of construction The Constructionof Shore Protection Structure 5.5.1.6 and adjacent fill structure before,during and afte Figure ES5.4Figure 3

TableES5.3 hl te ein umr o te rpsd dredging proposed the of summary design the while . Based on the hydrographic survey, most of the dre the of most hydrographicsurvey, the on Based . FigureES5.3 . The fill material will be extracted from the sandthe from extractedbe willmaterial fill The . idth of 15 m and length of 40 m) will be will m) 40 of lengthand m 15 of idth rreclamation works. will be done as preparation before thebeforepreparation as done be will as the core material from the seabed the from material core the as armour, temporary rock bund will be will bund rock temporary armour, soil onstabilitysoilofthe thereclamation val. Then, the laying of armour rocksarmour of laying the Then, val. ra rqie wl b sucd from sourced be will required erial he ground movement and soil/pore and movement ground he at area. The areasarea.beThedredgedat are to er level until the top of theplatform oftop the until level er n depth during low tide. Therefore, tide. low during depth n fl soe s ihn h acceptable the within is slope ofile cin f rmr amu, flattop armour, primary of uction l be utilized for the dredging work. dredging the for utilized be l he estimated target of daily outputdailyof targetestimated he c te S wt te ags The barges. the with CSD the ect mence once the sand reclamation sand the once mence n ohr daet tutrs It structures. adjacent other and n Kpn wl b deee in deepened be will Kupang ung vyr ags il rnpr the transport will Barges nveyor dging willbedging works is is works

ES-13 DR. NIK & ASSOCIATES SDN. BHD. l www.drnik.com.my Detailed Environmental Impact Assessment (DEIA) for the Proposed Forest City Island Reclamation & Mixed Development, Johor Seagrass City Forest SourceSand Area Inbound Outbound Land Existing Tuas View Extension InternationalBoundary 1979) (JUPEM, Legend:

Figure ES5.3 ES5.3 Figure Shoal Ramunia at Area Borrow Sand of Location DR. NIK & ASSOCIATES SDN. BHD. l www.drnik.com.my l BHD. SDN. ASSOCIATES & NIK DR.

ES-14 Volume 1—Executive Summary Legend: Seagrass Forest City PTP Phase 3 (Dredging) Forest City (Dredging) MALAYSIA Existing Land Tuas View Extension International Boundary (JUPEM, 1979)

Figure ES5.4 Dredging Area ES-15 DR. NIK & ASSOCIATES SDN. BHD. l www.drnik.com.my Detailed Environmental Impact Assessment (DEIA) for the Proposed Forest City Island Reclamation & Mixed Development, Johor

Table ES5.3 Design Characteristics Properties Design Criteria of the Dredging Design depth 3.0 m below CD Works

Channel width 200 m

Channel length 11,900 m

Estimated Area 2,594,200 m 2

Estimated volume 7,500,000 m 3

Dredging rate 3,000 m 3/day

Side slope 1V: 3H

Dredge material Mixture of sand, shale and clay

5.5.4 Disposal of Dredged Material

A potential disposal area that is Tanjung Balau which is approximately 80 NM away. 7,500,000 m 3 of dredged material will be transported to the disposal site using barges. Bottom discharge method will be used for the disposal operations.

5.5.5 Development on Newly-Reclaimed Land

5.5.5.1 Roads and Bridges

The four islands will be interconnected via bridges. The construction of bridge will involve castinplace bored pile foundation, bearing platform construction, pier construction, capping beam construction, precasting and installation of U girders, pre casting and installation of T girders, bridge decking, etc. Meanwhile, the road

construction will entail subgrade works (surface cleaning, subgrade filling, drainage, side slope protection, culvert pipe construction, etc.), pavement works (including graded base and asphalt concrete surface) and traffic facilities.

5.5.5.2 Water Supply

Source of water supply for the proposed Project will be tapped from the existing water supply tapping point or existing reservoir in mukim Tanjung Kupang, subject to the approval of Syarikat Air Johor (SAJ). Once the overall development is completed, it is expected that the total demand for water supply will be 40.63 MGD. The plan for water reticulation and the locations of reservoir sites are illustrated in Figure ES5.5 .

DR. NIK & ASSOCIATES SDN. BHD. l www.drnik.com.my l BHD. SDN. ASSOCIATES & NIK DR.

ES-16 Volume 1—Executive Summary PELABUHAN TANJUNG PELEPASTANJUNG PELABUHAN Locationof Reservoir Sites FigureES5.5 (6nos TANKS=14MGD)(6nos (4nos TANKS=10MGD) RESERVOIR SITE RESERVOIR 2SITE KI BLAT RESERVOIR SITE RESERVOIR 1

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U N I R G A M A S L A I N Y G S A I P A U R A ES-17 DR. NIK & ASSOCIATES SDN. BHD. l www.drnik.com.my Detailed Environmental Impact Assessment (DEIA) for the Proposed Forest City Island Reclamation & Mixed Development, Johor

5.5.5.3 Sewage Management

The Proponent has proposed for two Sewage Treatment Plants (STP) and two Intermediate Pumping Station (IPS) to be built in order to handle the sewage produced from the proposed development. The proposed type of STP to be built is Sequential Batch Reactor (SBR). The sewer of Phase 1 will be discharged to two modules of 200,000 PE STP1 while four modules of 400,000 PE STP2 will be built to cater for further development (Phase 2 until completion). The location of STP and IPS are shown in Figure ES5.6 .

5.5.5.4 Solid Waste/Municipal Waste Management

At full operation, the total amount of municipal solid waste generation is expected to be at 720 tonnes per day. The solid waste produced will gradually increase until it hit 145 tonnes per day by the year 2020 when Island 1 is fully occupied. In this regard, the existing landfills at Seelong and Tanjung Langsat should be able to receive the waste from the development.

5.5.5.5 Drainage and Stormwater Management

The design of the drainage system was based on the new Urban Stormwater Management Manual (Manual Saliran Mesra Alam – Masma II). All main drains within the development area will be grasslined channel with RC dry weather flow and turfed slope embankment, designed base on 100year ARI. These are designed to cater for all surface runoff from the development area and outfall discharge from inland flow through the Project site. There are two types of main drain designed with 30 and 60 m reserve areas. Figure ES5.7 shows the typical cross section of the main drain. The main drain will cut through the development are and flow into the Straits of Johor via Tidal Control Gate.

5.5.5.6 Power Supply

The total estimated load for the whole development is approximately 1,000 MVA. In order to cater for the estimated demand, a 275 kV TNB Transmission Main Intake (275 kV PMU) is required for the development. This 275 kV PMU will be built on mainland and the supply source is either from the PTP TNB Exchange or Tanjung Bin Power Station, subjected to TNB’s review and approval. The 275 kV PMU will then distribute the supply to 12 other proposed 132 kV PMUs located across the development as shown in the Figure ES5.8 .

DR. NIK & ASSOCIATES SDN. BHD. l www.drnik.com.my l BHD. SDN. ASSOCIATES & NIK DR.

ES-18 Volume 1—Executive Summary Locationof STP and IPS FigureES5.6 PELABUHAN TANJUNG PELEPAS TANJUNG PELABUHAN KIBL AT

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R M G A A S L I A N Y G S A P I A U R A ES-19 DR. NIK & ASSOCIATES SDN. BHD. l www.drnik.com.my Detailed Environmental Impact Assessment (DEIA) for the Proposed Forest City Island Reclamation & Mixed Development, Johor

DRAIN RESERVE MD1 = 30m MD2 = 60m MD3 = 30m MD4 = 60m

3.7M SERVICE TOP WIDTH OF DRAIN LANE

3.7M SERVICE LANE Figure ES5.7 Typical Main Drain Section

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ES-20 Volume 1—Executive Summary PELABUHAN TANJUNG PELEPAS For the whole development, it is estimated that the that estimated is development,it whole the For Telecommunications 5.5.5.7 Locationof Source Supply and Telephone Line Route FigureES5.9 roadmain and link and bridge tothe development, subje mainland the at F002) (TMX TM existing the from approximately is 147,580 lines.The proposed supply IBLATKI

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AN TA RA BA NG SA M AL AY SIA - SIN GA PU RA ES-21 DR. NIK & ASSOCIATES SDN. BHD. l www.drnik.com.my Detailed Environmental Impact Assessment (DEIA) for the Proposed Forest City Island Reclamation & Mixed Development, Johor

6. Project Options

6.1 Reclamation Configuration

The initial plan to reclaim the islands was mainly to utilise the whole 5,000 acres of land based on the Land Title awarded to the Project Proponent ( Figure ES6.1 ). However, various considerations and requirements were then looked into and assessed to refine the best possible landform to be opted. Among the major determining criteria that set the final landform of the islands are:

a) Environmentally Sensitive Areas (ESA) nearby; b) Hydraulic components such as wave, current, flow, bed level changes, etc.; c) MalaysiaSingapore International Boundary; d) Existing structures nearby; and e) Committed development surrounding the proposed Project area.

SU NG A I PEN DAS

MAN AN M I CH E U M U NGA K I UK S M IM T A N P U JU L A N I G K U P AN G A A SU NG AI I DU YO NG KE R CH IL S S UNG AI U DU YO Y NG BE SA R P A 1310 A L 1 1 11 3 2 6 3 A G 3 4 13 5 28 32 9 33 1 6 N 34 15 95 36 1 M 17 3 6 8 29 20 4 I 22 14 24 25 18 S 19 14 31 1698 23 82 37 38 42 39 40 44 4 3 41 1 4 8 01 4 7 9 PTD 4072 6 0 60 8 6 077 8 5 6 13 6 083 4 6 07 6 0 6 075 3 45 8 6 2 6 6 08008 1 6 079 SI MPANAN MELAYU 6 07 8 3 KAMPUNG LADANG 9 7 3 3 9 3 7 9 3 1 74 9 6 3 9 9 6 3972 3975 3 7 9 6 3 5 9 6 3970 3 3 3 9 9 6 6 3 1 3 8 9 9 5 6 6 3 9 3 9 9 5 6 3 7 3 4 9 9 5 6 3 5 2 3 1 9 2 5 9 2 2 6 1 3 1 3 0 2 3 2 3 9 2 9 5 1 5 3 8 2 3 1 9 9 5 4 3 6 7 0 9 9 2 3 5 9 0 3 5 1 1 4 3 4 9 3 2 2 4 3 1 1 768 1 7 9 2 2 3 5 6 2 2 5 0 9 1 4 7 6 2 3 3 6 5 9 7 6 7 8 9 7 3888 4 5 7 6 6 0 3 3 7 7 3889 3 3 9 3890 4 9 20 70 9 1 4 1217 390 4 3 3 8 3927 3928 9 3891 3 9 1230 9 3 3

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A S PTD 4102 G N A B A R A T N A

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A A I R S Y U

P A L Figure ES6.1 A A G M N

I Land Title for Country Garden S Pacificview Sdn. Bhd.

The final layout (Option 4) which will involve 4,012.5 acres is chosen because its landform has taken into consideration the following requirements:

a) 200 to 500 m buffer zone for Environmentally Sensitive Area (ESA) namely Merambong Shoal; b) 600 m from the Environmentally Sensitive Area (ESA) of Merambong Island; c) Removal of the existing causeway (CG Causeway) for temporary access road of 1.5 km in length and 50 m in width. The CG Causeway was reclaimed partly on the DR. NIK & ASSOCIATES SDN. BHD. l www.drnik.com.my l BHD. SDN. ASSOCIATES & NIK DR.

ES-22 Volume 1—Executive Summary watersof theStraits of Johor. Tanjung the within tributariesits and Pulai Sungai water These block. subplanning the within use land componentwhich use land main the arebodies Water BahruTengah (MPJBT) Majlis and Pontian Daerah (MDP juristheunder fallsarea developmentproposed The alsoaccounted is the Iskandarunderand Malaysia B Loc separate two District LocalPlan (Amendment) under and2020 Pontian Di covered is site proposed The SungaiPulai to Johor Straitsas well as along the c clusterindustrialsupporting itsand plant power swamps/weand reservesforest mangrove residential, w area the to ( refers Project proposed area study the of use land The Use Land 7.1 7.0 alsocome not about. opportunitie employment new 62,200 the addition, In assessme millionRM700fees.infrastructurforThe licensing taxes, land premiums, investments, lo foreign will Government the However, are. they as remain surrounding the and Kupang Tanjung of coastline The Option Build” “No 6.2 + i) e) 200 to 300 m away from the mainland (Tanjung Kup (Tanjung mainland the from away m 300 to 200 km1 A buffer from Port of Tanjung Pelepas’ futu e) d) ) dsac o a lat k aa fo te Malays + the from away km 1 least h) at of distance A distance A of at least 1 kmaway from theSecond g) f) unmitigated). seagrassarea and associated its fauna; prevent and rectify to plan actionimmediate an is seagrassMerambongsplitthe ecosystemhas andbed Boundary; for small boats(local fishermen); 0 alwbe aiu cag o cret pe withi speed current of change maximum allowable 10% 10%allowable maximumchange of current speed withi Existing Physical Environment Environment Physical Existing Figure ES7.1Figure

). In general, the land use pattern in the area is is area the in pattern use land the general, In ). northeasterncoast of Johor Straits. e upgrading works will not materialise. not upgradingworks will e oncentrated around the confluenceof aroundtheoncentrated Pelepas planning block as well as the as well as block planningPelepas lueprint 2025 (Integrated2025lueprintLand Use). strictLocalPlan (Amendment) 2020, diction of Majlis PerbandaranJohorMajlis of diction re re expansion works(Phase 3); s and various new businesses will businesses new various and s tland forest with PTP, Tanjung BinTanjung PTP, with forest tland ois r mil drvd from derived mainly are bodies Link; waters of Merambong Island will Island Merambong of waters ). constitutes 37.40% of the overall the of 37.40%constitutes ti te k rdu fo the from radius km 5 the ithin e suc o icm through income of source a se it from further demolishing thedemolishing further from it t es sbiso fe and fees submission fees, nt l ln, aey oo Bahru Johor namely Plans, al ang) to accommodate accessaccommodate to ang) aSnaoe International ia—Singapore into two. Hence,two.removalinto its n Singapore n waters;and Mlyin aes (if waters Malaysian n mainly ES-23 DR. NIK & ASSOCIATES SDN. BHD. l www.drnik.com.my Detailed Environmental Impact Assessment (DEIA) for the Proposed Forest City Island Reclamation & Mixed Development, Johor Figure ES7.1 ES7.1 Figure Land Existing Use Departmentof Agriculture, 2010 Animal HusbandryAreas Land Forest HorticulturalLand Grassland Idle Others Short-termCrops Swamps, Marshland and Forest Wetland Tree,Palm Other and PermanentCrops Urban, Settlements and AssociatedNon-Agricultural Area Seagrass Body Water City Forest Land Existing Tuas View Extension InternationalBoundary (JUPEM, 1979) Area Study Source: Legend: Sg. Pendas Sg. Island Merambong Sg. Pok Sg. Besar

Sg. Pulai Sg. Pelepas Port of of Tanjung Port Tanjung Piai MALAYSIA DR. NIK & ASSOCIATES SDN. BHD. l www.drnik.com.my l BHD. SDN. ASSOCIATES & NIK DR.

ES-24 Volume 1—Executive Summary Fasi Zn B. h Poet il e eeoe on developed be will Project The B”. Zone “Flagship SunwayIskandar is a proposed mixed development to industrial parkwill then be developed. will cover a total area of 3,485 acres where an int an where acres 3,485 of area total a cover will w which ha), 9,126 is area (total site Ramsar Pulai inc is coverage forest mangrove The block. u planning land overall the of 23.14% covers forest Mangrove and within and Industria Maritime and Hub Petroleum Integrated The expectedto begin in 2015. hugg constructed, be will berths T new where extended works. reclamation land and dredging involve will fr development 3 Phase its implement to intends PTP site.It approximately is 9 kmfrom the proposed Pr shorelinewhichTanjung Piai the of importance the erosion. coastal Department experiencedof Irrigation and Drainage (DID) to alle have to reported been s The Iskandar. Sunway and Park Industrial Maritime ( Pelepas Tanjungof Port breakwaters,Piai Tanjung committedtoth closedevelopmentsmain 4 are There Developments Committed 7.2 and reserves forest forests,conservationvalue and of importance toIskandar Ma mangrove ecotouris are site, Bin Ramsar Tanjung at activities main other a Plant Power Bin Tanjung the are which Bin Tanjung IskandarMalaimportantin ecologicalmost site the withisituated is ConservationIt Area. Core 1 Rank areas management special the of one is Bin Tanjung services, urban particularly infrastructuresand ut footprint urban indicates areas are which already b development the in focus the is and 27.35% is which secondhig The area. overall the of 42.95% is which majority The of land usage for Iskandar Malaysia ac Flag andNusajaya B: Flagship to closest is Project f Blueprint Use Land Integrated the to regards With as surroundingthe SungaiPulai Ramsarsite. Significant”, and Important “Internationally as mukim ekt n ota itit n ivle reclamatio involves and district Pontian in Serkat ilities. ship C: Tanjung Pelepas—TanjungTanjungPiai.C: ship as declared by the Ramsar SecretariatRamsar the by declared as n the estuary of Sungai Pulai, which is which Pulai, Sungai of estuary the n egrated petroleum hub and maritime and hub petroleum egrated oject. viatethe erosion problem considering uiltupand in generalbeing served by countsfor urban (existing and future) ysia. There are two major activitiesinmajor two are There ysia. also houses the Tanjung Piai RamsarPiaiTanjung the houses also PTP), Integrated Petroleum Hub and HubPetroleum Integrated PTP), hest land usage is agricultural land, agricultural is usage land hest el s nieos eln forest wetland indigenous as well or Iskandar Malaysia, the proposed the Malaysia, Iskandar or laysia. of Iskandar Malaysia. The existing The Malaysia. Iskandar of ,0 ars f ad surrounding land of acres 1,800 oeie f ajn Pa hd long had Piai Tanjung of horeline The education. and research m, uie f prin f h Sungai the of portion a of lusive bebuilt within Iskandar Malaysia’s e xsig et wl b further be will berth existing he theTheseare proposedProject. e ing the navigational channel, and channel, navigational the ing om its overall master plan which plan master overall its om ae ihn h Tnug Pelepas Tanjung the within sage l Park is situated off Tanjung Piai Tanjung off situated is Park l d ot f ajn Plps The Pelepas. Tanjung of Port nd n te ags piaey owned privately largest the and cin s en tkn y the by taken being is Action egas r aes f high of areas are seagrass . h reclamation The n. ES-25 DR. NIK & ASSOCIATES SDN. BHD. l www.drnik.com.my Detailed Environmental Impact Assessment (DEIA) for the Proposed Forest City Island Reclamation & Mixed Development, Johor

Sungai Pendas comprising of lowdensity residential and commercial properties. There will also be riverine estates traversed via Sungai Pendas.

7.3 Hydraulic Components

Currents within Malacca and Singapore Straits flow into Western Straits of Johor during flood flow. The presence of the JohorSingapore Causeway prevents the flow from mixing with waters from the Eastern Straits of Johor . Water flows out from Western Straits of Johor during ebb flow. The mudflats and mangroveforested area within the Project area are exposed at various stages of low water events. The current speed is quite variable in the Project area.

The orientation of the coastline around the Project site and reclamations at Singapore Island as well as the mudflat provide varying degrees of wave sheltering to the coastline depending on the direction of wave propagation.

There is a slight change in the erosion and sedimentation patterns within and around the Project site for the Northeast and Southwest Monsoon conditions.

7.4 Geology and Geotechnical

A geological and geotechnical study was undertaken to evaluate the subsurface soil/rock condition on the Project site. The evaluation encompasses determination of the soil profiles and corresponding design parameter for key geotechnical issues namely the stability of the reclaimed land and coastal protection structure. The geological map of Malaysia indicates that the site is situated over marine and continental deposits from the Quaternary Period.

The soil stratigraphy of the site generally consists of the following soil composites:

a) Layer 1: Soft marine clay; b) Layer 2: Alluvium soil consists of deposited silt or gravel; and c) Layer 3: Boulders consists of granite/shale/quartzite.

7.5 Hydrology and Drainage

The proposed Project will be built entirely on reclaimed land situated within the Straits of Johor. Therefore, it is not expected to cause any disturbance to the catchment area for the existing river system. However, as most of the river regimes empty within the immediate vicinity of the Project site, the presence of new landmass may influence the current course of the river regimes. The main river catchments are Sungai Pulai, Sungai Pok Besar, Sungai Pok Kecil and Sungai Pendas. DR. NIK & ASSOCIATES SDN. BHD. l www.drnik.com.my l BHD. SDN. ASSOCIATES & NIK DR.

ES-26 Volume 1—Executive Summary g) f) e) d) c) b) in establwerestations samplingquality water Fifteen Quality Water 7.6 a) a) Agency procedures. th by specified po as methods using standard the made with were comply analyses situ in and laboratory, area study the from taken samples water The below. 2 on out carried were FigureES7.2. Heavy Metals Heavy MPN/100mLat all points. Coliform values BOD as mentionedabove. confi and sewage by contamination indicating water, v to mg/L) (1.06moderate from rangedtaken samples Nitrogen Ammoniacal proposedProject area is already polluted dissol by mg/ 100 valuesBOD andCOD Thosemangroveregionorganics. (around values COD elevated The mg/L). (127 OrganicContents valuesare expected,where such traffic occurs. b plied is straits the that Seeing mg/L. 3 about to ran recordedvalues the where depthsand points all Greaseand Oil hoim r sil el eo te WS lvl f 0. of Iro stated limit for Iron. level MWQSC and the below Chromium well still for are Chromium except nondetectable are site m 50 of level marinewater quality respect with (MWQSC)to Suspended Soli Criteria and Standard Quality below generally below were values were SS valuesthe Overall, all waters. i.e. low were stations all at SuspendedSolidsand Turbidity three three watercolumnlayers, indicating wellmixed wa stratific significant no was There acids. humic and due areas mangrove or forested in common are mg/L values 4 to 3 about at low, rather already are levels (DO) Oxygen Dissolved

The levels of faecal coliform were all nondetecall were coliform faecal of levels The In-situ

Levels for all metals in the straits waters at th at waters straits the in metals all for Levels measurements of the physical parameters and sampli and parameters physical the of measurements In this study, it was foundlevelsO&Gwerethatstudy,was it this In 6th ue 04 Dtis f h aeult smln a sampling waterquality the of Details 2014. June The values COD range from very (3 mg/L)low to re Te ees f moicl irgn n h sa wate sea the in nitrogen ammoniacal of levels The Although saline, and in the straits sea, the exis the sea, straits the in and saline, Although The insitu measured turbidity values recordedvaluesmeasuredturbidityinsitu The ished within the study area as shownas area study the within ished y ships and boats, the 1 3 mg/L 3 1 the boats, and ships y US Evrnetl Protection Environmental U.S. e ee nlsd y n accredited an by analysed were vedorganics. ation of DO values between the between values DO of ation tbe nltcl ees which meters analytical rtable ters. ds (SS). ds NU idctn vr clear very indicating NTU, 5 30 t 47 m/) Lw DO Low mg/L). 4.75 to (3.08 ged from nondetectable(ND)from ged the Malaysian Marine Water Marine Malaysian the rming the suggestion by the by suggestion the rming ery high (5.71 mg/L) for sea for mg/L) (5.71 high ery 1 gL hl tee s no is there while mg/L 01 show that the water at theat water the that show to the presence of tannic of presence the to ) ol as b de to due be also could L) /, niaig excellent indicating g/L, table, that is less than 2 than less is that table, . oee, hs for those However, n. e proposed Project proposed e below 10 mg/L10belowat latively high latively ng of water of ng e s listed as re ting DO ting r ES-27 DR. NIK & ASSOCIATES SDN. BHD. l www.drnik.com.my Detailed Environmental Impact Assessment (DEIA) for the Proposed Forest City Island Reclamation & Mixed Development, Johor Seagrass City Forest Land Existing TuasExtension View Boundary International (JUPEM,1979) Area Study Station Sampling Legend: Link Expressway Link nd 2 Merambong Island W9

Sg. Pulai Sg. Port of of Tanjung Port Pelepas MALAYSIA Tanjung Piai Figure ES7.2 ES7.2 Figure Stations Sampling Quality Water DR. NIK & ASSOCIATES SDN. BHD. l www.drnik.com.my l BHD. SDN. ASSOCIATES & NIK DR.

ES-28 Volume 1—Executive Summary WaterQuality Sampling Stations TableES7.1 Tides Depths Numberof Stations Microbial Organics Cations/Heavy Metals Anions Physical Points W10 W15 W14 W13 W12 W11 W1 W9 W8 W7 W6 W5 W4 W3 W2 temsI 1° 17’1° 53.31” N, 103°31’ 28.18” E 21’1° 53.74” N, 103°32’ 25.72” E 17’1° 48.53” N, 103°36’ 34.10” E 19’1° 59.18” N, 103°37’ 21.95” E 20’1° 43.87” N, 103°35’ 33.34” E 20’1° 21.96” N, 103°36’ 18.06” E 19’1° 40.56” N, 103°35’ 49.38” E 19’1° 47.72” N, 103°33’ 57.00” E 17’1° 14.83” N, 103°33’ 52.48” E 16’1° 41.00” N, 103°35’ 41.00” E 18’1° 59.93” N, 103°36’ 26.09” E 20’1° 56.59” N, 103°37’ 51.56” E 21’1° 52.71” N, 103°38’ 19.33” E 22’1° 35.94” N, 103°38’ 45.84” E 22’1° 32.33” N, 103°38’ 22.26” E

Coordinate Spring(Flooding) Threedepths (surface, middle and bottom) Fifteen(15) Faecalcoliform, BOD,Total Organic Carbon (TOC), oiland grease Cd, Cr, Cu, Ni, Fe,Pb, Mn,As, Hg Ammoniacalnitrogen, phosphate, nitrate, sulphide dissolvedoxygen (DO), total suspended solids (TSS) Temperature,salinity, pH, conductivity, turbidity, E.coli Type of Water , Marine Enterococci Estuarine Estuarine Estuarine Saline Saline Saline Saline Saline Saline Saline Saline Saline Saline Saline Saline

Merambong Shoal(South) TanjungAdang Shoal Nearbythe anchorage point souththe of Project site Approximately km 1 from Merambong Island NearTuas Checkpoint boundary Singaporeinternational Adjacentto the Malaysia the of Project site Approximately km 4 northeast River mouthof Sungai Pendas In front In Sungai of Nibong River mouthof Sungai Pulai Nearinternational boundary Nearinternational boundary River mouthof Sungai Pok Merambong Shoal(North) Description

QualitySampling Detailsof Water TableES7.2 ES-29 DR. NIK & ASSOCIATES SDN. BHD. l www.drnik.com.my Detailed Environmental Impact Assessment (DEIA) for the Proposed Forest City Island Reclamation & Mixed Development, Johor

7.7 Sediment Quality

Three sediment quality sampling stations were established within the study area. Sediment samples were taken using a Van Veer Grab. Chemical analyses were done in accordance to the relevant standards. Baseline sediment quality results as per the table below show that all parameters fall under the “Non Polluted” category as stipulated by the US EPA Standard. In general, the sediment quality surrounding the Project area can be considered to be in good condition.

Table ES7.3 Sediment Quality Analyses

US EPA Standard Results Parameter Unit NP MP HP S1 S2 S3 Zinc as Zn mg/kg <90 90200 >200 51.500 22.530 40.769 Nickel as Ni mg/kg <20 2050 >50 5.625 0.602 8.284 Copper as Cu mg/kg <25 2550 >50 13.125 0.904 3.846 Chromium as Cr mg/kg <25 2575 >75 11.500 2.952 19.763 Lead as Pb mg/kg <40 4060 >60 15.813 5.000 22.071 Arsenic as As mg/kg <3 3 – 8 >8 <0.001 <0.001 <0.001 Cadmium as Cd mg/kg >6 0.875 0.361 0.473

7.8 Air Quality

The ambience air quality sampling was done on 17 th to 19 th July 2014. The parameters

observed were Total Suspended Particles (TSP), Sulphur Dioxide (SO 2), Carbon Monoxide

(CO) and Nitrogen Dioxide (NO 2). Seven stations have been selected for the study. The stations’ locations are as shown below while the baseline air quality results are tabulated in Table ES7.5.

Table ES7.4 Air Quality Stations Malaysian Recommended Station Coordinates Location Environmental Air Quality Guideline A1 1° 21’ 35.44” N, 103° 36’ 45.25” E Kampung Ladang A2 1° 21’ 03.34” N, 103° 35’ 57.26” E Kampung Tanjung Kupang A3 1° 21’ 18.38” N, 103° 33’ 50.00” E Kampung Tanjung Adang TSP :260 μg/m 3 3 A4 1° 19’ 50.04” N, 103° 36’ 35.74” E On reclaimed land (Island 3) SO 2 :105 μg/m 3 Merambong Island (facing NO 2 :320 μg/m A5 1° 18’ 53.09” N, 103° 36’ 46.21” E 3 Singapore) CO :35 μg/m A6 1° 19’ 07.95” N, 103° 35’ 30.47” E At proposed Island 2 A7 1° 19’ 40.20” N, 103° 31’ 20.43” E Kampung Sungai Dinar DR. NIK & ASSOCIATES SDN. BHD. l www.drnik.com.my l BHD. SDN. ASSOCIATES & NIK DR.

ES-30 Volume 1—Executive Summary Air Quality Air MonitoringBaseline Results Note: Malaysian Recommended Environmental Air Quali Air Environmental Recommended Malaysian Note: TableES7.5 SamplingDuration (min) SamplingTime Parameter SamplingDuration (min) SamplingTime Parameter Concentration of CO(ppm) Air VolumeSamples (m SamplingDuration (min) SamplingTime MonitoringDate Concentration of NO Air VolumeSamples (m SamplingDuration (min) SamplingTime MonitoringDate Concentration of SO MonitoringDate Concentration of TSP(µg/m PariculatesCollected (µg) Weight ofSuspended Air VolumeSamples (m MonitoringDate Parameter Parameter Air VolumeSamples (m

2 2 (ppm) (ppm) 3 3 3 3 Start Start Start Start ) ) ) ) Stop Stop Stop Stop

3

)

Carbon Monoxide(CO) NitrogenDioxide (NO Sulphur Dioxide (SO TotalSuspended Particles(TSP) 17—18/07/2014 17—18/07/2014 17/07/2014 17/07/2014 8.45am 8.45am 8.45am 8.45am 9.45am 8.45am 9.45am 8.45am 60,190 <0.001 <0.001 0.122 2.909 1,627 1,440 1,440 2.82 37 <5 60 60 ty Guideline = 260 µg/m 260 = Guideline ty 17—18/07/2014 17—18/07/2014 2 ) ) 2 17/07/2014 17/07/2014 )

8.30am 8.30am 8.30am 8.30am 9.30am 8.30am 9.30am 8.30am 40,670 <0.001 <0.001 0.122 0.121 2.880 1,627 1,440 1,440 25 <5 60 60 3

18—19/07/2014 18—19/07/2014 18/07/2014 18/07/2014 8.00am 8.00am 8.00am 8.00am 9.00am 8.00am 9.00am 8.00am 43,920 <0.001 <0.001 0.121 0.121 2.880 1,627 1,440 1,440 27 60 60

ES-31 DR. NIK & ASSOCIATES SDN. BHD. l www.drnik.com.my Detailed Environmental Impact Assessment (DEIA) for the Proposed Forest City Island Reclamation & Mixed Development, Johor

7.9 Noise

Noise measurements were carried out to measure and establish the existing background noise levels at the surrounding area along the proposed plant in order to establish the existing background noise levels at the affected residential and sensitive areas. Existing background noise levels’ measurements were performed according to the International

Electrotechnical Commissioning (IEC) specifications. The noise descriptors are L eq , L 10 ,

and L 90 . The levels were monitored simultaneously for a duration of at least fifteen

minutes in dBA. In addition, the minimum and maximum noise levels, L min and L max , which define the range of noise level data during the measurements’ undertaking, were also recorded in dBA. Seven locations ( Figure ES7.3 ) were chosen as the noise sampling stations while the baseline noise results are tabulated in Table ES7.6 .

Table ES7.6 Noise Sampling Stations

Station Coordinates Location Measurement

N1 1° 21’ 35.44” N, 103° 36’ 45.25” E Kampung Ladang

N2 1° 21’ 03.34” N, 103° 35’ 57.26” E Kampung Tanjung Kupang

N3 1° 21’ 18.38” N, 103° 33’ 50.00” E Kampung Tanjung Adang

N4 1° 19’ 50.04” N, 103° 36’ 35.74” E On reclaimed land (Island 3) Lmin , L max , L 10 , L 50 , L 90 , L (24 hours profile) Merambong Island (facing eq N5 1° 18’ 53.09” N, 103° 36’ 46.21” E Singapore)

N6 1° 19’ 07.95” N, 103° 35’ 30.47” E At proposed Island 2

N7 1° 19’ 40.20” N, 103° 31’ 20.43” E Kampung Sungai Dinar

7.10 Existing Land Traffic

The proposed development site is located in the western part of Nusajaya, which is easily accessible from the Tanjung Pelepas Highway and the Second Link Expressway. The existing road networks nearby the Project area are shown in Figure ES7.2 . The major routes in this network are Jalan Pendas Laut and Jalan Tanjung Kupang, which form the state road of J4. Other existing routes are Second Link Expressway and the Tanjung Pelepas Highway.

Traffic survey for roadways and intersections was carried out on 6 th February 2014. The survey involved roadside count surveys, field reconnaissance survey and road inventory survey. Data on vehicular movements, compositions, turning volume, roadway and intersection inventories were also recorded. The classified manual counts for both roadways’ and intersections’ turning movements were carried out following the standard DR. NIK & ASSOCIATES SDN. BHD. l www.drnik.com.my l BHD. SDN. ASSOCIATES & NIK DR.

ES-32 Volume 1—Executive Summary Legend: Seagrass Forest City Sg. Pulai Existing Land Tuas View Extension MALAYSIA International Boundary (JUPEM, 1979) Study Area nd Port of Tanjung Pelepas 2 Link Expressway Sampling Station

Merambong Island

Tanjung Piai

Figure 7.3 Noise Quality Monitoring Stations ES-33 DR. NIK & ASSOCIATES SDN. BHD. l www.drnik.com.my Detailed Environmental Impact Assessment (DEIA) for the Proposed Forest City Island Reclamation & Mixed Development, Johor

as suggested in the “Arahan Teknik (Jalan) JKR 8/86” to enumerate the actual volume of traffic along the selected roadways and intersections. Table ES7.7 below summarises the existing roadway operating conditions and their corresponding level of service (LOS).

Figure ES7.4 Existing Road Network

Table ES7.7 Existing Roadway Operating Conditions

Existing Peak Peak Hour Level of Type of Flow Stations Hour Traffic Flow Rate Service Lanes Direction (pcu) (pc/h) (LOS) S1 North Bound 585 R1 – Jalan Pendas Laut 1,328 C S1 South Bound 677 R2 – Jalan Tanjung S1 North Bound 505 1,090 C Kupang S1 South Bound 529 R3 – Second Link D3 North Bound 461 169 A Expressway (Near CIQ) D3 South Bound 3,871 1,419 D R4 – Tanjung Pelepas D2 East Bound 473 260 A Highway D2 West Bound 1,666 916 D R5 2nd Link Expressway D3 North Bound 864 317 A (near Leisure Farm) D3 South Bound 5,468 2,005 D DR. NIK & ASSOCIATES SDN. BHD. l www.drnik.com.my l BHD. SDN. ASSOCIATES & NIK DR.

ES-34 Volume 1—Executive Summary eeomn. h EA fud ihn h pr ae ar areaas classified being them of port several with ecosystem the within found the ESAs sensitive The that environmentallydevelopment. noted preserving be of should importance It site. Project proposed ( Areas EnvironmentallySensitiveseveral are There 8.0 ListofESAs within the Vicinity ofthe ProjectAre TableES8.1 distances and to theProject site asare shownin Rank 2 Rank 1 Rank ESA

Environmentally Sensitive Areas Areas Sensitive Environmentally Mudflat circumference) (withinstudy area Populated Area Landmark TouristAttraction/ Ramsar Site Mangrove Swamps CoralReefs Island Seagrass ESA ■ ■ ■ ■ ■ ■ ■ ■ ■ ■ ■ ■ ■ ■ ■ ■ TheSouthernmost Tip Mainland of Asia ■ ■ ■ ■ ■ Merambong Island Merambong Island ■ ■ ■ ■

KampungChengkeh KampungSungai Chengkeh Besar KampungSungai Dinar KampungSungai Sam Kampung BukitKuching KampungPendas Laut Pendas KampungPaya Mengkuang Kampung Ladang KampungPok Kechil KampungPok Besar KampungTiram Duku KampungPekajang Bengkok KampungPekajang Lurus KampungTanjung Kupang KampungTanjung Adang SungaiPulai TanjungPiai SungaiPulai Estuary Coastlineof Tanjung Kupang Coastlineof Tanjung Piai Merambong Shoal TanjungAdang Shoal TanjungPiai) WesternShoreline (Tanjung Bin Pendas) Northern Shoreline(Tanjung Kupang a Location TableES8.1 ESAs) found within the vicinity of the of vicinity the withinfound ESAs) “Rank 1”. These ESAs, their locations their ESAs, These 1”. “Rank ra we udraig any undertaking when areas hgl vlal t te local the to valuable highly e P2 a cery ttd the stated clearly has NPP2 .

fromthe Project ClosestDistance Site(km) 0.80 0.28 0.69 5.63 5.67 6.55 6.70 5.63 6.01 5.12 4.06 1.32 3.57 1.32 2.00 2.60 4.54 4.06 3.12 1.03 1.34 5.93 5.63 5.67 5.45 0.43 5.63 0.80 ES-35 DR. NIK & ASSOCIATES SDN. BHD. l www.drnik.com.my Detailed Environmental Impact Assessment (DEIA) for the Proposed Forest City Island Reclamation & Mixed Development, Johor

Table ES8.1 (cont’d) Closest Distance ESA ESA Location from the Project Rank Site (km)

Aquaculture Near Sungai Pendas 4.00 International Malaysia—Singapore International Others 1.59 Boundary Boundary Eroding Coastline Tanjung Piai 6.33

8.1 Seagrass Bed (Tanjong Adang and Merambong Shoal)

The seagrass beds at Merambong and Tanjung Adang Shoals are considered as the most important in Peninsular Malaysia. The seagrass beds sustain a diverse mixture of animals and some of them are considered as endangered species such as seahorse and dugong while the commercially important fishes, crabs, prawns and invertebrates like sea stars, sea cucumbers and anemone also thrive in the area.

These seagrass beds are expected to be heavily impacted by the proposed development as both seagrass beds are located within the Project site. The close proximity and very little buffer between the beds and the Project site will render mitigation measures to be less effective. In order to protect the seagrass beds, the mitigation measures proposed must be properly planned, flawlessly implemented and reliably maintained.

8.2 Merambong Island

Merambong Island is a 2.75 ha of rocky island that demarcates the MalaysiaSingapore border and is vegetated by patches of mangroves and shrubs. From the field survey done for this Project, there are a total of 59 taxa in 53 genera from 35 families. The flora

includes not only trees but also palms, shrubs, herbs, ferns and climbers.

There are also patches of seaweed and soft and hard corals that inhabit the water around the island. The area is recognized as a habitat for seahorse ( Hippocampus kuda ), pipefishes and sea hares. Merambong Island is also an important research site for local universities conducting researches on marine organisms as rich marine ecosystems are known to inhabit the island.

8.3 Ramsar Site (Sungai Pulai and Tanjung Piai)

Sungai Pulai Forest Reserve is the biggest mangrove forest reserve in the state of Johor. Covering a broad area of 8,353.23 ha, it is also the largest intact riverine mangrove area DR. NIK & ASSOCIATES SDN. BHD. l www.drnik.com.my l BHD. SDN. ASSOCIATES & NIK DR.

ES-36 Volume 1—Executive Summary with coastal bund present at most part of the coast the of part most at present bund coastal with mudf The Kupang. Tanjung of coastline the along and ranges mudflat of proportions substantial are There Mudflat 8.4 nonexclusive19 and four associates. ( mangrove exclusive were species 36 species, flora were species plant of families 31 from genera 41 in exten and relativelywideare mudflats The erosion. habitat coastli mangrove The exposed. are area The the within coastlines mudflat. intertidal of ha 400 c km 8 ofconsistsmangroveforest Piai Tanjung The exclusive mangrovespecies and 37% of the world’st m Malaysia’s of 84% representing species, associate true 24 supports habitat mangrove Pulai Sungai the site Ramsar a as declared been has It Malaysia. in environment is described extensively in also onthe but population of thesurrounding area. will development proposed the of implementation the in living Project,proposedthe of magnitude Consideringthe residents local were families the of Most ar area Project proposed the surrounding locale The Areas Populated 8.6 marine and occurs.life fishermenThesourcemaytheir lose of income shoul a fisheries the on dependent highly them make which their and incomes other have not do fishermen Most c water brackish were practised being systems major cagefishincludingfoundarecultures, scattered a Proj the to nearbyactivities aquaculture are There Aquacultures 8.5 structurethat hasresulted in theformation of ext creat wharves II Phase PTP of presence The estuary. abou to tapering wharves PTP to adjacent km 2 about Chapter11—Existing Human Environment ensivemudflat. long theestuarylongSungaiTheofPendas. ect area. These aquaculture activities,aquaculture These area. ect condition The onthe existinghuman sive. Diversitywise, a total of 59 taxa 59 of total Diversitywise,a sive. ne is primarily in various degrees of degrees various in primarily is ne line. The mudflat area extends up to up extendsarea mudflat The line. on 31on rue mangrove rue species. h ae fr oe hn 0 years. 30 than more for area the oastal mangrove and approximatelymangroveand oastal 94.8% of Malaysian total exclusive), total Malaysian of 94.8% it is expected that the impacts fromimpactsthe thatexpected is it e a calm condition in the lee of the of lee the in condition calm a e angrove species, 79% of Malaysia’s of 79% species, angrove d anydeteriorationdof waterquality rm ajn Pa t Tnug Bin Tanjung to Piai Tanjung from eotd Fo te 9 mangrove 59 the From reported. mil sal ihre villages. fishermen small mainly e not only be on the environment the on be only not a hs sa o aot 11 km 11.1 about of span a has lat agoe ln seis n 21 and species plant mangrove g clue n cna rearing. canvas and culture age t 100 m at Sungai Pulai western Pulai Sungai at m 100 t tvt o uvv fr hi living. their for survive to ctivity ie ae oty homemakers, mostly are wives ee s obegzte. Most doublegazetted. is here st January 2003. Diversitywise, 2003. January . ES-37 DR. NIK & ASSOCIATES SDN. BHD. l www.drnik.com.my Detailed Environmental Impact Assessment (DEIA) for the Proposed Forest City Island Reclamation & Mixed Development, Johor

8.7 Coastline Conditions

The coastline around Tanjung Bin Power Plant, located across the Sungai Pulai river mouth, is stable while the coastline between PTP’s Phase 2 and Tanjung Kupang is accreting. Coastline stability is afforded by coastal protection provided for Tanjung Bin power plant. As noted in the Shoreline Management Plan for Iskandar Malaysia (SMP), the Project site is relatively sheltered from offshore waves. The permitted current and future land use within the management unit is primarily portbased industry.

Oil spills from the open waters have also impacted the mangroves along the coastline resulting in diebacks and a receding shoreline. Mangroves along the coastline have previously been cleared for agriculture and aquaculture; this has further stressed the coastal mangroves contributing to the erosion process.

9.0 Existing Biological Environment

The main biological components assessed within the study area are terrestrial flora (mangrove), mammals, birds, reptiles, amphibians, fishes and aquatic macro invertebrates. The description of these components is based on the field surveys conducted and supplemented by available published and unpublished data of the various institutes and government agencies.

9.1 Terrestrial Flora (Mangroves)

The survey of mangrove flora was conducted using two approaches. Firstly, general survey following 11 transects along coastline/rivers to document all coastal/riverine and mangrove plant species. Secondly, 14 of the study plots measuring 50 m x 20 m (0.1 ha) were established to gain information on species composition, diversity and also estimation of aboveground biomass. All trees with a diameter at breast height (DBH) of 5 cm and above were recorded. Species of conservation interest or are rare were highlighted based on the IUCN Red List Categories and Criteria for mangrove species. However, all flora surveys are secondary data and for plots study, 11 of 14 plots study results are primary data. The locations for the flora survey and plot study are as listed in Table ES9.1 .

From all 23 study sites, a total of 144 plant species were recorded that include trees, shrubs, palms, herbs, ferns, grasses, sedges and climbers. Most of the species are commonly found in wetland areas except for three rare tree species. Based on the IUCN Red List Categories and Criteria, Bruguierahainesii is “Critically Endangered”, A. rumphiana is “Vulnerable” and Brownlowiatersa, C. zippeliana and S. ovata are “Nearly Threatened”. DR. NIK & ASSOCIATES SDN. BHD. l www.drnik.com.my l BHD. SDN. ASSOCIATES & NIK DR.

ES-38 Volume 1—Executive Summary Locationsfor Flora Survey and PlotStudy TableES9.1 Sites M H Q O N G D A C C B K R P S S E F L J I

Plot study Plot study Plot surveyflora study Plot and surveyflora study Plot and Florasurvey Florasurvey Florasurvey Florasurvey Florasurvey study Plot study Plot study Plot study Plot study Plot study Plot Florasurvey study Plot Florasurvey Florasurvey Types

(TPNP2) TanjungPiai NationalPark 2 (TPNP1) TanjungPiai NationalPark 1 Menara Pemerhati Satu borderof Ramsar Site Taman Negara TanjungPiai to PiaiResort Perepat Timbuland Tanjung SungaiChokoh to Kampung SungaiChokoh to Fish Farm SungaiChengkih Kecil SungaiChengkih Besar SungaiDinar SungaiKarang IV SungaiKarang III SungaiKarang II SungaiKarang I SungaiRedan II SungaiRedan I KampungTanjung Adang/PTP SungaiPendas SungaiPok Kupang—SungaiPendas TanjungAdang—Tanjung Location

GPSCoordinates 103°36'48.822"E 103°30’ 04’’ E 103°28’ 46’’ E 103°28’ 42’’ E 103°33’ 42’’ E 103°38’ 44’’ E 103°35’ 28’’ E 103°30’ 38’’ E 103°30’ 35’’ E 103°30’ 24’’ E 103°30’ 14’’ E 103°30’ 40’’ E 103°30’ 16’’ E 103°31’ 57’’ E 103°31’ 22’’ E 103°32’ 00’’ E 103°30’ 58’’ E 103°20’ 49’’ E 103°29’ 45’’ E 01° 01° 22’ 36’’ N 01° 25’ 22’’ N 01° 25’ 30’’ N 01° 20’ 51’’ N 01° 24’ 39’’ N 01° 21’ 02’’ N 01° 01° 16’ 06’’ N 01° 16’ 07’’ N 01° 16’ 04’’ N 01° 16’ 18’’ N 01° 17’ 42’’ N 01° 18’ 27’’ N 01° 21’ 30’’ N 01° 20’ 55’’ N 01° 20’ 26’’ N 01° 23’ 04’’ N 01° 23’ 15’’ N 01° 22’ 47’’ N 01° 01° 21' 8" N

DataStatus Secondary Secondary Secondary Secondary Secondary Secondary Secondary Secondary Secondary Secondary Secondary Primary Primary Primary Primary Primary Primary Primary Primary

ES-39 DR. NIK & ASSOCIATES SDN. BHD. l www.drnik.com.my Detailed Environmental Impact Assessment (DEIA) for the Proposed Forest City Island Reclamation & Mixed Development, Johor

Table ES9.1 (cont’d) GPS Data Sites Types Location Coordinates Status

Tanjung Piai National Park 3 01° 16’ 01’’ N T Plot study Primary (TPNP3) 103° 30’ 41’’ E Tanjung Piai National Park 4 01° 15’ 59’’ N U Plot study Primary (TPNP4) 103° 30’ 42’’ E 1°18'55.632"N V Flora survey Merambong Island Secondary 103°36'41.676"E

01° 24’ 39’’ N W Plot Study Sungai Kemudi—Sungai Bahan Secondary 103° 38’ 44’’ E

9.2 Terrestrial Fauna

Fauna assessments within the proposed Project are carried out for the following objectives:

a) To establish baseline information of the terrestrial volant and nonvolant mammals and birds within the immediate area of the proposed Project (within a 5 km circumference); and b) To identify the presence of any protected or rare species.

The location of field survey and trapping sites are as listed in table below:

Table ES9.2 Locations of Field Survey and Trapping Sites

GPS Sites Location Birds Herpeto-fauna Mammals Coordinates

Sungai Pendas (Kampung 01 o22.502’N, 1 / / Pendas Jaya) 103 o38.391’E

2 Sungai Simpang Arang / / 3 Sungai Tiram Duku / /

01° 15’ 59’’ N, 4 Tanjung Piai National Park / / / 103° 30’ 42’’ E

01° 20’ 51’’ N, 5 Sungai Pulai Ramsar Site / / / 103° 33’ 42’’ E DR. NIK & ASSOCIATES SDN. BHD. l www.drnik.com.my l BHD. SDN. ASSOCIATES & NIK DR.

ES-40 Volume 1—Executive Summary n diin scnay aa s ore fo te com the from sourced Malaysia(2010) and DEIAfor Phase 3 Dredging is and R data secondary addition, In ) h Lnald aaus r peaet n h st the in prevalent are macaques Longtailed The c) pr from species mammal the regarding Information b) a) seagrassspecies recorded from thefield survey con Macroph The qualitative both assessed Pulai. were shoal the Sungai at present the along areas other and Adan Tanjung at beds seagrass established are There g fishes nurseryand crustaceans. site, breeding preferred the it make food shelteriseagrassThe sea. the ofecosystems marine that habitat important ecologically an is Seagrass Seagrass 9.3.1 Biology Marine 9.3 seasons. i work comprehensive more A area. not this in does diversity species bird of number total The sampling. spec threatenedany of record no are there Overall, d) aml pce d eit n h mnrv ecosystems, mangrove associationwith themangroves the are poorlyknown. in exist do species mammal in low relatively are there Although areas. coastal forest being species and generalists, which are uni Mammals ag mma i te td ae i te id i ( pig wild the is area study the in mammal large ar Mammals transect. the with localsother and agencies willbe included km surv during found 1 are that droppings and within footprints least at conducted forestmangrove in trails existingalong site study resident waterbirds. groun feeding rich a as serve mudflatsThe forests. habitatssupport very rich benthic fauna, especiall bec areas mangroveassociated and flats sand flats, Birds primatesare all protected under the WildlifeConse : The shore and water birds are very much dependent much very are birds water and shore The : Lremmas uvy wr cnutd t es for least at conducted were surveys Largemammals : ductedasare in ies because of the short duration of durationshort the of because ies ng effects and plethora of sufficient of plethoraand effects ng s required to include the migratory the include to required s eclamationat PTP (2014). om te ai o mn complex many of basis the forms ly and quantitatively. Details of the of Details quantitatively. and ly on ad eprr setr for shelter temporary and round . At each study site, surveyswere site, studyeach At . ytheactively accreting mangrove Lu Sol Mrmog Shoal Merambong Shoal, Laut g in themammal species list. elc te re itr o bird of picture true the reflect quelyadapted to hard onlife the number of species, a variety of variety a species, of number rvation Act 2010. d for migratory shorebirds andshorebirdsmigratory for d iain f M fr Iskandar for SMP of bination d ae. h ms prevalent most The area. udy Sus scrofaSus ause these important wetlandimportant these ause ts sars ad seaweed) and (seagrass ytes eys. Reports from interviews from Reports eys. mr dt pitd u to out pointed data imary u ter clg and ecology their but on the intertidal mud intertidal the on ietfe through identified e . h wl pg and pigs wild The ). TableES9.3 dy a each at days 3 . ES-41 DR. NIK & ASSOCIATES SDN. BHD. l www.drnik.com.my Detailed Environmental Impact Assessment (DEIA) for the Proposed Forest City Island Reclamation & Mixed Development, Johor

Tanjung Adang Shoal Merambong Shoal Table ES9.3 Seagrass Species in Tanjung Adang Enhalus accoroides Shoal and Merambong Shoal Halophila ovalis Enhalus accoroides Halophila spinulosa Halophila spp. Thalassia hemprichii Halophila spinulosa Cymodocea rotundata Syringodium isoetifolium Halodule pinnifolia Halodule uninervis

9.3.2 Fish and Fisheries

The Straits of Johor provides a complex macrocosm of freshestuarine and marine ecosytem for fish communities. The Ramsar site of Sungai Pulai provide a good protected areas for both terrestrial flora and fauna as well as their associated aquatic organisms. Therefore, the ecosystem provides and plays an integral roles as the major habitat/biotopes for wide spectrum of fish species ranging from fresh, estuarine and marine waters fish communities.

Artisanal fishermen from the surrounding coast have traditionally exploited the fishes resources surrounding the areas using various traditional gears such as kelong , traps, trolling, long lining and gill/trammel netting.

Survey and assessment of marine fishes are based on the occurrence of demersal and pelagic species during ebbing and flooding tides in the study area. Gill nets and trammel nets were used and set up at random at different tidal regimes, to capture the pelagic and demersal fish species. In addition to the field survey, data of fish landing also were gathered from the traditional fishermen operating in the study areas. A checklist of the fish species in the Study Area is as Table ES9.4 .

Seahorse and pipefish have become iconic fish species living in the seagrass of

Merambong Shoals. The results of the present survey denoted that this cryptic species uses seagrass bed as their primary habitats and major disturbance presently exerted on the ecosystem will most likely drive them away.

Dugongs are one of the twenty marine mammals inhabiting Malaysian waters. In Malaysia, little is known about these creatures due to a lack of trained personnel and also limited funding to study the animal. The dugongs’ presence are made aware of from occasional sightings, stranding and deaths which attracted public and media attention, especially in the year 1999. They are also known as "sea cows" due to their main feeding activity which is grazing seagrass meadows in coastal waters. The present dugong seagrass e.g. Halophila and Halodule provide a major grazing habitat for the dugong species. Data gathered from past stranding recorded confirmed the existence of this marine mammal species in the vicinity of the study area.

DR. NIK & ASSOCIATES SDN. BHD. l www.drnik.com.my l BHD. SDN. ASSOCIATES & NIK DR.

ES-42 Volume 1—Executive Summary ) xsig ao mrn fclte coe o h pr the to close facilities marine major Existing a) Facilities Utilisation Existing Marine and 10.1 associations their and local communities, etc. Proj the age and authorities government from companies, operating available data experience, knowledge, quant and qualitative using done was assessment The Existingmarine traffic procedure and safety rul Conditionsof climate; local and e) Marinetraffic accident statistics; d) Existingmarine traffic and navigation channel; c) Existingmarine facilities and utilisation; b) a) variousfactors regarding: and from research specifically done on the subject the on done specifically research from and b navigatimade been has report The and area. Project the within traffic d proposed marine the with this associated issues environmental of aim primary The 10.0 PastStranding Recorded ofDugong (Dugong dugong) i TableES9.4 Cases Noof 9 8 7 5 2 1 6 4 3 ohrhp nhrd t dsgae lcto ad fu and location designatedstorage unit (FSU). a at anchored mothership OperationsSTS also are There Terminal. Oil APH and Termina Oil ATB Singapore, of Port Pelepas, Tanjung Marine Traffic and Navigation Navigation and Traffic Marine 11.092007 23.01.2007 2.09.2006 28.07.2006 11.04.2006 14.01.2006 18.10.2004 23.07.2003 14.05.2003 Date

Number 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1

Male Female Female Female Unrecorded Unrecorded Unrecorded Femalecow Cow Gender

n n Vicinityofthe Study Areas SungaiPendas, Johor Bahru Pulau Tuba,Pulau Langkawi,Kedah PulauKapas, Terengganu Pengkalan Pendas Laut,Johor Bahru Simpang.Arang, Gelang Patah, Johor Bahru TLDMPengerang, Kota Tinggi Merambong Island,Johor Bahru Merambong Island,Johor Bahru TanjungPelepas, Johor Bahru es. account into taken has and matter, ased on the information received information the on ased ncies; interviews with fishermen, with interviews ncies; psd rjc icue ot of Port include project oposed vlpet oad navigation towards evelopment c Pooet ajcn port adjacent Proponent, ect ttv mtos nldn local including methods itative n td i t ades the address to is study on which involve the sitting of a of sitting the involve which , ajn Bn oe Plant, Power Bin Tanjung l, Localities cinn a a floating a as nctioning

ES-43 DR. NIK & ASSOCIATES SDN. BHD. l www.drnik.com.my Detailed Environmental Impact Assessment (DEIA) for the Proposed Forest City Island Reclamation & Mixed Development, Johor

b) Fishing Vessels’ Activities

Fishing activities have traditionally been carried out in the estuary of Sungai Pulai, which is now the location of the approach channel to PTP, Tanjung Bin Power Plant, APH Terminal and the turning basin leading to the ATT Tanjung Bin Oil Terminal abreast of PTP Container Terminal Berths.

There are numerous small wooden jetties situated along the coastline to the east of PTP as far as the bridge linking Malaysia and Singapore (Second Link) are normally small boats powered mainly by outboard engines of between 15 to 60 hp. The total number of fishing boats based in the estuary of Sungai Pulai is estimated to be 200. These consist of both licensed and unlicensed fishing craft. It should be noted that fishing takes place all over the study area, by day and by night, and at various stages of the tide.

c) Existing Marina

There are two (2) marinas located on the eastern side of the Second Link, namely Puteri Harbour and Danga Bay. It should be noted that the Danga Bay marina has been closed permanently and it is no longer possible to berth there. The area will be absorbed into a huge satellite residential development that has been taking place in the area for the last 2 years.

10.2 Existing Marine Traffic and Navigation Channel

PTP can be approached via the Southern entrance of the navigational channel. This channel is 420 m wide and 7,000 m in length. The declared depth is 16.0 m ACD at the approach channel and 17 m at the Phase 2 turning basin. In addition to the anchorage areas, there are a number of licensed ShiptoShip (STS) transfer operations close to the southern port limit to the south of Tanjung Piai.

Besides the PTP navigation channel, there is another navigation channel that lies between Merambong Island and the MalaysiaSingapore international boundary. This channel traverses approximately 7 km from south to the 2nd Link and it is located within the Johor Port limit. Recreational boats and yachts use this channel to and from Johor Bahru.

10.3 Conditions of Local Climate

The visibility in the area is generally good although periods of heavy rainstorms may temporarily cause a reduction in this visibility. These periods last only a few hours and are not expected to have an overly significant impact on the movement of vessels to and from the waterfront facility. DR. NIK & ASSOCIATES SDN. BHD. l www.drnik.com.my l BHD. SDN. ASSOCIATES & NIK DR.

ES-44 Volume 1—Executive Summary The area is also subject to “the Sumatras”,“thealsoareasubject is to a which The and fishing and villages. acircumference of kmfrom5 theProject boundary, acc confined be willimpact of zone thestudy, this socialof because is This smoothdeterminingthe implementation ofthepropos Project. proposed the to sociof thelevel toestablish also seeks study The the gauge is site strung rows with of traditional fishing vil to and impacted are be the asProject impending towards the perception will who fishermen the socioeco the highlights and discusses section This Introduction 11.1 11.0 Port the of surveillance compulsorywithin the the of limits PTP. under are limits port P from permission prior obtain must port in vessels respectiveareathenavigablewaters and wi Project regulate and monitors (PCC) Centre Control Port PTP Centre Control Port 10.5 safetyof navigation; (b) Protect the marine enviro o objectives The Singapore. and Malaysia Indonesia, and Malacca of Straits the in System Reporting Ship a has (IMO)Organisation MaritimeInternational The and Traffic Safety ExistingMarine Procedures 10.4 thereverse direction. g Straits Johor of eastwardsdirection floodduring sidetides. The cur ebb western the in currents The someduring spring tides. duri m 0.86 as low as being water) low and high the wit day atides high two and tides low two has area tides cooscillating are area the within tides The usuallyoccur between March and November year. each Existing Human Environment Environment Human Existing

lages. al acceptability of the area with regardswithareaacceptability the al of nment. to the coastline and settlementswithincoastlineand the to f h Pcfc n nin cas The Oceans. Indian and Pacific the of re actually lines of thunderstormsactuallyofrelines that rent to tends stronger be flows and in h the tidal range (difference between(differencerange tidal the h thin the port limits. Movements of allMovementsof limits. port thethin nomic profile of the locals including locals the of profile nomic which mainly which comprise of traditional f STRAITREP are to: (a) Enhance the Enhance (a) to: are STRAITREP f Mandatory the – STRAITREPdopted CC. All vessels operating within the within operating vessels All CC. a fronting the vicinity of the Project the of vicinity the frontinga ng low tide and as high as 3.34 m 3.34 as high as and tide low ng igpr ta ws rpsd by proposed was that Singapore nrly lw n nrhry and northerly a in flow enerally ed development.edthe purposeFor aa Sse (R) Pltg is Pilotage (PRS). System Radar proposed the in traffic marine s

paiiy ol b cuil in crucial be would eptability r ee o aaees and awareness of level ir Rules Rules ES-45 DR. NIK & ASSOCIATES SDN. BHD. l www.drnik.com.my Detailed Environmental Impact Assessment (DEIA) for the Proposed Forest City Island Reclamation & Mixed Development, Johor

11.2 Methodology

Primary and secondary data were collected for the socioeconomic analysis, which included a household survey that was conducted within the zone of impact of the proposed Project area. This survey was conducted by direct enumeration using four enumerators. Besides the survey, published and unpublished secondary data from various government departments and agencies such as from the Fisheries Department, Ketua Kampung, Penghulu and Ketua Unit Nelayan were also utilized.

As the study area is relatively specific, exact social statistics on its surroundings are not available. The procurement of such micro data could only be feasibly generated by conducting a social survey which, among others, would enable not only the background of the residents in the area to be known but, more importantly, their views and assessment of the proposed Project.

A sample of 180 or about 10% respondents comprising heads of households from among the local residents and fishermen numbering 143 (79.4%) and 37 (20.6%) respectively were drawn randomly from the study area using a random sampling technique, as shown in table below:

Table ES11.1 Distribution of Respondents by Components and Settlements nearby the Proposed Project Area

Estimated Sample Size Estimated Sampling Area Household Population* No. Public Fishermen Overall

Kampung Tiram Duku 1,100 220 8 2 10 Kampung Pekajang Bengkok 1,600 320 6 2 8 Kampung Pekajang Lurus 700 140 8 8 Kampung Pok Besar 1,200 240 14 1 15 Kampung Pok Kechil 600 120 15 15 Kampng Tanjung Kupang 400 80 16 6 22

Kampung Tanjung Adang 400 80 19 4 23 Kampung Ladang/Pendas 1,100 220 12 8 20 Kampung Pendas Baru 600 120 2 6 8 Kampung Paya Mengkuang 300 60 12 12 Kampung Bukit Kucing 400 80 14 14 SubTotal 8,400 1,680 126 29 155 Kampung Sungai Dinar** 1,000 200 17 8 25 Total 9,400 1,880 143 37 180

*Source: Penghulu Gelang Patah/Tanjung Kupang ** In the mukim of Serkat, Pontian DR. NIK & ASSOCIATES SDN. BHD. l www.drnik.com.my l BHD. SDN. ASSOCIATES & NIK DR.

ES-46 Volume 1—Executive Summary tablebelow: i.e. of occupations main categoriesthe as out stood occupational entrepreneurs two sector, respective w fishermen the of exception the with Economically, 1%. amongrespondentscaptured Chinese TheMalay. were remain Malaydominateda the area; isstudy areaThe children. with interviewed successfully were 97.3% absentheadsthe of members/sonsplacehousehold in general respond the the 35.6% remaining of the and 64.4% heads household capture to managed survey The demography, ofits social and economiccharacterist revealesurveyquestionnaire the from gathered data the degree and is impacts reaction, It of kind area. the determines study the at prevailing population necess is profile respondents’ the or community The Findings 11.3 leaders local and the nearby developers. con previously were sessions (FGD) Discussion Group th which or vague are that matters on clarification o, ajn Kpn t eal te et f h inter the of rest theaboutdialogueProject,an providing opportunit the enable to Kupang Tanjung Pok, Septembe 21 on conducted also was dialogue public A Not working Others Entrepreneurs Privatesector employee Publicsector employee Fisherman Occupation: Respondents’Economic Background

Total

Public 100.0 21.0 19.6 14.0 37.8 6.3 0.0

Fishermen 100.0 100.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0

y for them to airtheirseekandthemviewsto y for ics. hence almost all of the respondentsthe ofalmostall hence y r cnend ih To Focus Two with. concerned are ey d the community profile in respect in profilecommunity the d ary in order to discern the type of type the discern to order in ary o ee oey mlyd n their in employed solely were ho rvt sco epoes and employees sector private often that society a of makeup the general public as seen in the in seen as public general the f cetblt. h aayi of analysis The acceptability. of . However, among the fishermen,amongHowever,the . utd eoe ht novn the involving that before ducted se pbi t priiae n a in participate to public ested Kampung Raya Dewan at 2014 r the general public was less than less was publicgeneral the Overall n 27 cmrsn te adult the comprising 2.7% ing 100.0 16.6 15.6 12.2 30.0 20.6 ns sos ad te adult other and spouse ents’ 5.0

agt epnet ie the i.e. respondents target

Respondents Economic Profileof the TableES11.2 ES-47 DR. NIK & ASSOCIATES SDN. BHD. l www.drnik.com.my Detailed Environmental Impact Assessment (DEIA) for the Proposed Forest City Island Reclamation & Mixed Development, Johor

11.3.1 Perceptions Towards the Proposed Project

An analysis of the respondents’ ratings pointed to an almost consensus agreement among the locals, both the public and the fishermen, that the Project would only bring about improvements in basic amenities, increase in property value and living standards whilst increased business opportunities was fairly significantly perceived only by the public and not the fishermen. Nonetheless, the locals did not concur with increased employment opportunities which normally is perceived as the benefits that would come with a new Project. They also did not see that it would bring about increased opportunities of property ownership for them.

Table ES11.3 Perception Public Fishermen Overall Rating of Perceived Socio Advantages: -economic Advantages Employment opportunities to and Disadvantages 30.8 24.3 29.4 Brought about by the your household members Proposed Project Employment opportunities to (Percent Saying Yes) 57.3 40.5 53.9 local population

Improvement of basic amenities 89.4 81.1 80.6

Increased value of land/property 88.1 89.2 88.3

Increased standard of living 81.1 83.8 81.7

Increased business opportunities 60.8 48.6 58.3

Increased opportunity for 30.8 21.6 28.9 property ownership

Disadvantages:

Loss of employment 11.2 21.6 13.3

Loss of source of income 10.5 43.2 17.2

Shrinkage of fishing ground 79.7 94.6 82.8

Displaced 2.1 0.0 1.7

Loss of property 9.8 18.9 11.7

Marginalization of existing 48.3 75.7 53.9 population

On the positive side, most felt that it would create opportunities for commercial ventures and house rental as well as the fulfilment of the need for the population threshold to initiate and support local economic development. The area would also be faced with rapid development. For those who were not sure, their hesitancy was due to not being able to predict what will happen as they have not been faced with such a situation before.

DR. NIK & ASSOCIATES SDN. BHD. l www.drnik.com.my l BHD. SDN. ASSOCIATES & NIK DR.

ES-48 Volume 1—Executive Summary Respondents’Reasons for Agreeing with the Proposed TableES11.4 d and agreeing are Project as in thefollowing table: for respondents by given reasons The 6.7% notwas sure. whilst Project the of implementation the to agreed m whole, a On Project. the of implementation the to disadvantagesto thefishermen. Nevertheless, more opinion,in split theProjectwith perceived tobe of assessment respondents’ on data the of Analysis ProjectAssessment and Local Acceptability 11.3.2 Attractoutsiders and increasedproperty value Reasonsfor Agreeing: Disturbanceto spawning of marine life fishing gears Tugboats,etc., pose danger to fishermen and destru close Too to fishing ground of reclamation Localsand fishermen shouldbe consulted regarding Fishermen’s income affected,to compensate Threatto safetyfrom movement of constructionvehi OtherReasons: Obstructionto local fishing route Shrinkageof fishing ground Income andlivelihood of fishermen will beaffected Environmentalproblem and affecting mangroves Worry marine of waterpollution Reasonsfor Disagreeing: choice, No already developed Benefitto future generation Increasedbusiness opportunities to the locals Employment opportunitiesand improved infrastructur progressFor and development Excessivedust along Project route, need monitoring Marginalizationof locals and influxof outsiders

Perception

Total Total Total

Project

ctionto moreadvantages moretothepublic but location c les es

than twothirds than of thepublic agreed the Project showed that they were they that showed Project the 5 dsged n te remaining the and disagreed 35% r ta hl o te respondents the of half than ore sgeig ih h Proposed the with isagreeing Public n=100 100.0 100.0 100.0 n=87 n=35 12.7 18.5 36.8 14.3 11.4 11.4 42.9 14.3 8.0 8.0 8.0 8.0 5.7 23 29 11 13 17 7

Fishermen 100.0 100.0 100.0 n=23 n=28 16.7 16.7 17.5 21.7 13.0 21.7 28.6 14.3 32.1 10.7 14.3 16.6 50.0 n=6 8.7 8.7 8.7 0.0 0.0 0.0

ES-49 DR. NIK & ASSOCIATES SDN. BHD. l www.drnik.com.my Detailed Environmental Impact Assessment (DEIA) for the Proposed Forest City Island Reclamation & Mixed Development, Johor

11.3.3 Feedbacks from the Public Dialogue

The public dialogue was intended to provide a platform for those who did not participate in the social survey to air their grievances, views and opinions. Those who attended the public dialogue generally were rather mixed with the presence of more nonlocals with a few coming from as far as Kuala Lumpur. A few familiar faces that were around during the KPTC public dialogue in Pengerang in 2013 were also seen present in the Tanjung Kupang public dialogue. The local Malay population was seen to be less discernible among the crowd.

The main concerns made about the Project can be summarized as follows:

a) The Project planning aspects, b) The components of development and utilities, c) The influx of foreigners, and d) The benefits to the locals.

Nevertheless, there are still issues of concern that are worrying to the locals which had been voiced in the dialogue. The locals’ concerns and fear could be summarised as:

a) They being left out in the development of their area, from influx of foreigners, b) The future fate of fishermen when their fishing area will be turned into islands, and the issue of compensation, and c) Land acquisition to make way for overland access road.

11.4 Existing Public Health

Most of the households have good coverage for safe drinking water supply. For sanitary latrines, Johor has a very excellent coverage in both rural and urban. These data indicate the tremendous efforts by the government in reducing and controlling food and water

borne diseases in the state.

The study area is otherwise free from cholera, diphtheria, leptospirosis, malaria, measles, melioidosis, influenza A, acute poliomyelitis, typhus and viral encephalitis. Thus, diseases like STDs, dengue fever, handfootmouth disease and tuberculosis are among the important communicable diseases in the study area that need more attention and appropriate mitigating measures.

11.5 Conclusion

The social profile of the existing communities in the study area is characterized by a young population of educated background, mainly working as salaried workers, business persons and fishermen. Majority were local residents having been living in the area for DR. NIK & ASSOCIATES SDN. BHD. l www.drnik.com.my l BHD. SDN. ASSOCIATES & NIK DR.

ES-50 Volume 1—Executive Summary relatively is sediment free. the entering directlyfrom prevented be will Water control.under s by (notmoistwet) kept unprotectedbe areas will spi sto thedesign least at stablein and be toconstructed drains waterways, including earthworks, All thecompletion of the works. burieare soils suball thatparticularly important th order same the inreplaced be will material Soil control traffic ensure disturbance. to Engineer Supervision the p the on shown as installed be will fencing Barrier Measures ESCP 12.2 ES The (2000). Malaysia engineeringplans or writteninstruction that may b for Manual Management Water (ESC Plan Control Sediment and Erosion proposed The Sediment Control and Plan Erosion (ESCP) 12.1 a surface) (surfacerunoff). (soil source its from detached otherwise particudetachedof deposition the Sedimentationis th by worn is surface land the which by process the development,from a new especially one that loca is c most the of one sedimentation is and erosion Soil 12.0 income and and obstruction tolocal fishing route. j would ground fishing their of shrinkage the being w disagreedrespondentsfishermen the of 75.7% that sou main their as fishing on dependenthighly Being of water pollutionand ofloss income as a result o bewouldnot economically advantageous tothemand years30 or more. Only about 40% knew about thepro Erosion and Sediment Control Control Sediment and Erosion d and top soils remain on the surfaceatthe remainsoilson top and d rm event. During windy weather,large, windy During rm event. fshrinkage or fishinglimited ground. lan and elsewhere at the discretion of discretion the at elsewhere and lan ey are removed from the ground. It is It ground.the from removed are ey e relationissued in at theProject site. prinkling with water and keepinganddustprinklingwaterwith permanent drainage system unless itunless system drainage permanent tednear water bodies. Soil erosion is rucial environmental impacts arisingenvironmentalimpacts rucial late matter that has been eroded oreroded been has that matter late eopardise their source of livelihood of source their eopardise rce of livelihood, it is not surprising not is it livelihood, of rce ato o wn,wtr r gravity. or water wind, of action e d rnpre b foig water flowing by transported nd posed Project posed but perceived that it ith the proposed Project. ReasonsProject. proposed the ith las n ter ult, il be will outlets, their and llways that it would prove to be a sourceitthatwouldprove a to be P) is based on the Urban Storm Urban the on based is P) n poii uncsay site unnecessary prohibit and P il e ed ih the with read be will CP ES-51 DR. NIK & ASSOCIATES SDN. BHD. l www.drnik.com.my Detailed Environmental Impact Assessment (DEIA) for the Proposed Forest City Island Reclamation & Mixed Development, Johor

12.3 Design of Sediment Fence

Sediment fence will be installed to contain the coarse sediment faction (including aggregate fines) as near as possible to their source. The fence will have a catchment area not exceeding 0.4 ha, a length not exceeding 30 m, or a total outflow not exceeding 50 L/ s for a 1year ARI. The fence also will have a storage depth (including both settling and settled zones) of at least 0.6 m, and internal dimensions that provide maximum surface area for sediment to settle.

12.4 Design of Sediment Basin

Sediment basin will be constructed according to the guidelines provided in the Urban Storm Water Management Manual for Malaysia, based on the design event of 3month ARI. The collected sediment will be flocculated first before discharging.

12.5 Site Inspection and Maintenance

A selfauditing programme will be established in order to maintain the measures put into place are working as intended. The site inspection should be done at least weekly immediately before site closure and immediately following any rainfall event that has caused runoff.

12.6 Overall ESCP

Since the slope of the existing ground is very gentle due to the entire site being newly reclaimed land, the quantity of the soil loss due to erosion and sedimentation is very minimal and can be adequately controlled with the implementation of ESCP.

The existing soil type mostly consists of coarse sand (reclaimed land) with high water permeability; therefore soil erosion will be tremendously reduced due to the major portion of the rainfall infiltrating into ground rather than translating into surface runoff across soil surface (a major cause of soil erosion).

13.0 Potential Impacts and Mitigation Measures on the Physical and Biological Environment

A summary of the potential impacts and mitigation measures on the physical and biological environment is shown in Table ES13.1 .

DR. NIK & ASSOCIATES SDN. BHD. l www.drnik.com.my l BHD. SDN. ASSOCIATES & NIK DR.

ES-52 Volume 1—Executive Summary Summaryof Impacts on Environmental Components due TableES13.1 Hydraulicand Hydrology AffectedEnvironmental Components

Slope:1V:3H DredgingRate: 16,000m Volume:7,500,000 m Area: 259.42ha Length: 11,900m Width:200 m Depth:3 m below CD Dredging Duration: 23years Phases: 4 Volumeof Fill Material: 161,891,980m Area: 4,012.5acre LandReclamation LandReclamation and Dredging

ProjectActivities

3

to Project Activities 3 /day

3

Scenario 4 Scenario 5 5 Scenario 4 Scenario Maximumcurrent speed change ■ ■ ■ ■ ■ ■ ■ Currents Scenario 1 Scenario 2 Scenario 3 Scenario 2 Scenario 1 Scenario

with the with presence the of other committeddevelopmen Meanand maximum speed decrease about is 12 and 7% and68% respectively. Thecurrent speed change due to the Project and inc Themean and maximum current speeds at various loca respectively; less is than and 3 for7% full development and with Themean and maximum speed atTuas Checkpointis 0. respectively at these locations with fulldevelopme Pergam is less than 0.1 and 0.4 m/s respectively.T The baseline meanand maximum currentspeed Sungei developments’scenario respectivelyat the Second L Themean and maximum speed decrease is less than 7 developments; respectively. This indicatesan improvement flow in speedchange is lessthan and 7 9% for full develop Themean and maximum speed atMerambong Island is l changeis up to about 48 and43% forfull developme Themean and maximum speed atTanjung Adang Shoali

PotentialImpacts hemean and maximum speed change is lessthan 10 an nt. mentand with other committed developments the presence the of othercommitted developments withthe presence the of othersurrounding ink ink Bridge; ludingthe other committed developments up is to 13 ntand with other committed developments respective Buloh Wetland, Merawang Beacon and mangrovesat tsrespectively; and6% for with fulldevelopment and withcommitted tionsnear PTP’sberths are lessthan 0.2 and 1.1m 2 2 and0.6 m/s respectively. The current speed chang essthan 0.3 and 0.8m/s respectively. The current s 0.1 and0.3 m/s respectively.The current speed atMerambong Shoalfor the fulldevelopment and

d 25%

/s. ly; e

No mitigating No measures are required. Mitigation Measures

ES-53 DR. NIK & ASSOCIATES SDN. BHD. l www.drnik.com.my TableES13.1 Hydrology Hydraulicand AffectedEnvironmental Components

(cont’d)

and Dredging and LandReclamation ProjectActivities

■ ■ Waves Seai 150 3 Scenario 150 2 Scenario 150 1 Scenario ■ ■

TanjungAdang shoreline willprimarily experience w degree; General waveheight decrease in the lee the of recl Thechanges in waveheights due to the fulldevelop SungaiPok Besaroutlet for wavespropagating from Localisedwave height decrease up of to about 0.6m

o o o 180 N 180 N 180 N aimedland based on individual wavepropagation res ment donot affect Tanjung Piaiand the adjacent en aveheight reductiondue to the presence the of man occurs along the shoreline the in leeof the recla 180and 210°N; o o o 210 N PotentialImpacts 210 N 210 N

o o o N N N N N mation of Islands1, and 3 towards 4 vironmentallysensitive areas. ulting in calmer watersof varying -made islands;

240 240 240

o o o N N N N

No mitigating No measures are required. Mitigation Measures

ES-54 DR. NIK & ASSOCIATES SDN. BHD. l www.drnik.com.my TableES13.1 Hydraulicand Hydrology AffectedEnvironmental Components (cont’d)

and Dredging and LandReclamation ProjectActivities

Waves Seai 150 5 Scenario 150 4 Scenario

(cont’d)

o o 180 N 180 N o o 210 N 210 N PotentialImpacts

o o N N N 240 240 o o N N

Mitigation Measures

ES-55 DR. NIK & ASSOCIATES SDN. BHD. l www.drnik.com.my TableES13.1 Hydraulicand Hydrology AffectedEnvironmental Components (cont’d)

Dredging LandReclamation and ProjectActivities

AverageSedimentation Rate at ESAs Sedimentation Erosion and Scenario 4 Scenario 5 5 Scenario 3 Scenario 4 Scenario 2 Scenario 1 Scenario Projectedannual bed levelchange MT MR MO MF ME SD SC SA Point

Tanjung Piai bird habitat habitat bird Piai Tanjung Shoal Adang Tanjung Kupang Tanjung along Mangroves Melayu Sungai at Mangroves Melayu Sungai at Aquaculture Farms Fish Kang ChuLim Wetland Buloh Sungei Kechil Mandai Sungai at Mangroves Location Location

Scenario 1 Scenario PotentialImpacts 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0

Scenario 2 Scenario Average Sedimentation Rate(m/yr) Sedimentation Average 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0

Scenario 3 Scenario 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0

Scenario 4 Scenario 0.1 0.1 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0

Scenario 5 Scenario -1.3 -1.3 -0.4 -0.1 0.2 0.2 0.1 0.3 0.1 0 0

■ ■ ■ Sedimentation: ■ ■ ■ ■ ■ Erosion:

A collectiveA approach to apportionate the cost of t conducted are promptly. Monitoring is recommendedto ensure mitigation work experiencesedimentation to ensure effective flushi withinthe waterwaysof the development that maintenancedredging worksat intervals of to 3 y 5 TheProject Proponent shallconduct periodic WesternJohor Straits. development(s)conducted by other developer(s) alon foundto be caused by the proposed development and mitigation works suggested is should the erosion be collectiveA approach to apportionate the cost of t conducted are promptly. Monitoring is recommendedto ensure mitigation work to are be accounted for the in engineering design. Thetype and level protection of as aswell ship wa properlydesigned to account for potential erosion. Perimetertreatment at these areas needs to be thatcaused is by the proposed development. TheProject Proponent shallmitigate coastalerosio alongWestern Johor Straits. anddevelopment(s) conducted by other developer(s) befound to be caused by the proposed development mitigation works suggested is should the sedimentat

Mitigation Measures

he he kes n

ears ng.

ion g g s s ES-56 DR. NIK & ASSOCIATES SDN. BHD. l www.drnik.com.my TableES13.1 Hydrology Hydraulicand Flooding Water Leveland Environmental Components Affected

(cont’d)

and Dredging and LandReclamation Dredging and LandReclamation ProjectActivities

■ Sediment Dispersion impactsof backwater flowon the existing river sys There is insignificantchange in waterlevels after 3 Scenario Maximumexcess concentration for uncontained condit ■ Scenario 1 1 Scenario

TSS TSS concentration; Dispersion suspended of sediment to the surrounding mg/Ldisperses asfar as 6.0 kmand 1.8km respecti Underworst case scenario, maximum suspended sedime

PotentialImpacts Scenario 4 4 Scenario 2 Scenario fulldevelopment. Thus, there will be no temssurrounding the project area. vely. ion

causing water high turbidity leveland ntconcentration of above and 5

Scenario 1 1 Scenario Maximumexcess concentration for contained conditio ■ ■ ■ No mitigating No measures are proposed. 3 Scenario

flows duringflows spring period. mitigatedby temporarily stopping the contributing Theuse of silt curtain maynot be feasible atarea to is It be placed extending farenough to allow su environmentallysensitive areas. siltA curtain should be used to prevent ordivert Mitigation Measures

Scenario 2 Scenario Scenario 4 Scenario

suspendedsediment away from reaching s high with current flows. This can be spendedsediment to settle. n(with silt curtain) activitiesduring periods fast of current

ES-57 DR. NIK & ASSOCIATES SDN. BHD. l www.drnik.com.my TableES13.1 Water Quality AffectedEnvironmental Components (cont’d)

Operation Land Construction onthe Newly-Reclaimed Post-Reclamation Volume:7,500,000 m Type:Mixture sand, of shale and clay DisposalSite: Tanjung Balau Material Transportation ofDredged SailingTime: 10-15hours Vessels:Conveyor Barge(3 units) Volume:161,891,980 m Type:Sand Source:Ramunia Shoal Transportation ofFill Material LandReclamation and Dredging

ProjectActivities

3

3

■ ■ ■ ■ ■ ■ ■ ■ ■ WaterQuality Modelling ■ ■ ■ Benthiccommunities willbe smothered at the dispos Spillageof material along the transportation route

developments withinWestern Johor Straits. Thechanges for each parameter aremainly due to th good mixing withinthe relatively wideand deeper w ammoniaand phosphate concentrations are well-dilut Projectarea similar is the with surroundingwaters Theimpact fornon-point source is insignificant as the with STP in operation. (non-pointsource) are relatively small. The impact Thechanges due to the operation the of STP and10- Faecalcoliform concentrations are concentratedat phosphateammonia concentration occurring in aloca Theimpacts for Scenarios2 to show 5 areduction i Scenarios 6 and7. Changes in waterquality are seen to be relatively Substantialamount construction of waste willbe pr Sewageand sullage generatedby the workers. Wastedischarge from the base camps. Improperhandling of wastefrom the vessels. and Oil grease from the vessels may spilled into th Resuspension contaminants of found sediment in in t

PotentialImpacts

.

similarfor Scenarios2 to and 5 for the concentrationreleased fromthe alsite. is localisedat the outfall location esea. for DO andBOD. The nitrate, n DOand increase in BOD,nitrate, oduced. rivermouths. aters atthe straits’ entrance. yearstormwater event discharge epresence the of respective hewater column. lisedmanner atthe Project site. edin the open watersdue to

■ ■ ■ ■ ■ ■ ■ ■ ■ ■ ■ ■

Water Services Commission(SPAN) specificationsstipulated by the Ministry of Health Allmobile toilets and treatment units provided mus Sufficientmobile toilets must be provided at the b andmethod of disposing must be strictly followed. Recommendedguidelines formulated by DOE regarding Systems(DDMS) and VesselTraffic Management System monitoredat all times using the Dredging and Dispo Themovement the of dredgers to the disposal sites -maintained and workingproperly. Vesselsinvolved in the transportation of dredged m Overloadingis strictly prohibited. orderto avoidmaterial spillage. Barge operator mustoperate according to the correc measurements onceevery six monthsshould be suffic thefirst six months oruntil the system stable. is concentrationand compositionshould be carried out performanceand minimize operating costs. Monitorin Regularmonitoring of the STP condition necessar is biofilmformed wouldhave both aerobic andanoxic l theslow growingnitrifiers wouldhelp precipitate surroundingarea. polishingA stage withmedia to p atStandard A, wouldnot furtherdegrade the water TheSTP should have apolishing stage to ensure the Openburning of wasteis strictly prohibited. suitable locations sufficientA number covered of garbage bins should environment. (Sewage)Regulation 2009 (EQ(S)R, 2009)can be disc Onlytreated effluents whichcomply the with Enviro Mitigation Measures

After that (MOH) and National thephosphate as the ase camps. yto optimize its t comply with rotect andbreed aterial mustbe well nmental Quality hargedto the qualitythe in STP effluent, even must be salManagement beprovided at ayers. tmethods in every month in g of MLSS ient. (VTMS); disposalsite

ES-58 DR. NIK & ASSOCIATES SDN. BHD. l www.drnik.com.my TableES13.1 Areas Environmentally Sensitive Navigation MarineTraffic and AffectedEnvironmental

Components (cont’d)

Dredging LandReclamation and Post-Reclamation Material Transportationof Dredging LandReclamation and Operation ProjectActivities

■ ■ ■ ■ ■ ■ Mangrove ■ Aquatic Organisms ■ ■ Seagrass ■ ■ ■ ■ ■ ■ ■

Johorwhich will impose restriction onthe availabl sad o te rpsd elmto itue into intrudes reclamation proposed the of 2 Island channe PTP the keeping maintenancedredging. in assist will This channel. probablyo m/yearwould 0.3 aboutto up of Erosion Changinghydrodynamics may threaten seagrass surviv Degradationof waterquality willaffect plankton p Excessivenutrient may causeeutrophication. Effluentdischarges may introducecontaminants such Susceptibleto toxic elements. Mangrovesare sensitiveto oilspill. may Oil cover Potentialspawning ground may be smothered by sedim Settledsuspended sediments may smother seagrass. disturbthe photosynthesis process. Increasinglevel TSS of and turbidity will affect s collisionto occur. Highnumber of vessels sharing the limited space wi plyingthrough the area. Thenewly-reclaimed islands willoccupy massive spa collision. Lowvisibility at night orduring inclement weather approachto PTPand at the traffic loadat the curr Bargestransporting fill and dredged material will Reclamationand dredging may interfere withexistin area.This willadversely impactvessel movements. asphyxiation.

PotentialImpacts unlightpenetration which will the tree pores,causing cause additionaltraffic loadthe in emanoeuvrable space forvessel entpilot boarding ground.

may heighten the risk vessel of roductivity.

llcause probabilityhigh for gnavigational aids. ceon thewestern Straits of ccur within the PTP navigationPTP the withinccur as BODand nutrient. ability. h haiyue anchorage heavily-used the ent. oe ad eurn less requiring and open l

■ ■ ■ ■ ■ ■ ■ ■ ■ ■ ■ ■ ■ ■ ■ ■ ■ ■

Onlinemonitoring of turbidity and TSS level Additional Aidsto Navigationshould be established markedasso to be highly visible by day otherstructures erected the in water must ways be Allfixed and movablestructures, such as pipelines Authorityand Marine Department Procedures(SOP) pertaining to their Projectto the Project Proponentis requiredto submit all relevan navigationalaids Thenavigation channel to and from Project areais watersall vessels fullycomply the with Internatio governmentagencies, and addition, in ensuring that Authority,the Marine DepartmentMalaysia, Southern Malaysianmarine authorities, namely the Port Autho Adhereto all the Rules, Regulations, Guidelinesan approvalby the relevant authorities. a AssessmentRisk Marine and StudySimulation Ship anavigational is and operational constraint/riskt pre-operati A Department.Marine andAuthority Port rel all submitProj their pertainingto (SOP)Procedures Operating to required is Proponent Project The practices,water management and waste management. goodA landscape maintenance programme must be esta rainingseason. Theuse of fertilizer should be limited and fertili treatmentshould be fitted. waterways/drainagesystem. Proper collection system Sullageproduced from the residentialarea must not Nutrientremoval must be includedin the overall de stipulated limit. processmust efficiently work at all time so that t Strictmonitoring on the performance of the sewage nearby. Relocationof sensitive marine life atMerambong Sh IRDA, NGOs,local universities. Interventionprogram should be formulated withvari Themovement sediment of plume should be monitored Installationof silt curtain at criticalareas. Sedimentationmonitoring at seagrass bed (Merambong

Mitigation Measures

zing works mustbe prohibited during hedischarge effluents are within the o o other portusers. nalRegulations guidelines atall times. Authorities namely Johor Port dother requirementsof the relevant ,barges, floating pipelines and any tdocuments and Standard Operating adequatelymarked by lighted if deemed necessary well illuminatedwell by night and clearly signof the sewage treatment plant. oal to oal seagrassmeadows located when transiting international ect to the Authorities, namely Johornamely Authorities, the toect be directly discharge to the treatmentplant. The treatment rity whichis the Johor Port ousparties i.e.the Proponent,

Region, and all other relevant for sullagefor recycle or onal meeting is proposed if there if proposed is meeting onal re required to be undertaken forundertaken be to required re vn dcmns n Standard and documents evant Shoal)must be carried out. closely. blishedthat includesbest

ES-59 DR. NIK & ASSOCIATES SDN. BHD. l www.drnik.com.my TableES13.1 Mudflats Aquatic Floraand Fauna TerrestrialFauna AffectedEnvironmental Components

(cont’d)

Dredgingarea= 259.42 ha Dredging LandReclamation and Operation DredgedMaterial Materialand Disposal of Transportationof Fill Dredging LandReclamation and

ProjectActivities

■ ■ ■ ■ ■ ■ ■ ■ ■ ■ ■ ■

Migratorybirds may be affected by the loss mudf of anythe of gazettednatural reserves. significant No impacts onthe fauna as the Project resettlementof sediment andsubsequently form new Overthe years, anew seabed willform along the d However,this only is a temporary and short term im gastropodsand bivalves which willbe totally wiped Mudflatsupports variousbenthic andsessile organi willtrigger eutrophication. Effluentdischarged from the islandsmay contain hi Spillageof material willincrease turbidity which ecosystems. discharge Oil orleakages from the vesselsmay poll sedimentto be released intothe waterbody. Dredgingactivities may cause nutrient and contamin load willimpair the metabolism of most benthic org Highwater temperature and reductiondissolved in o willreduce the light penetration and hence, willr HighTSS and turbidity level willtrigger stress on while land reclamationwill completely smother the Dredgingof the sea bottom willcause a total loss

PotentialImpacts

the aquatic life asturbid water in turn in willaffect the marine life.

etardprimary productivity rate. ofliving benthicorganisms doesnot physically intrudeinto outfrom the area. utethe pelagic and benthic redgedchannel via ghnumber of nutrient which seabedforever. smssuch as polychaete, anisms. lats. pact. antsthat present are the in xygencaused by sediment softbottom substrates.

■ ■ ■ ■ ■ ■ ■ ■ ■ ■ ■

nutrientcontent the in watercolumn. Mitigatingthe episodes of algal bloom shouldbe ca thenatural processes. therewill be no mitigating measures. The communiti Sincethe lossof benthic community during dredgin willit remaineffective. sedimentation andturbidity. Regular maintenance of Installationof silt curtain at several identified triggervalue dredging shouldcease operation the if TSSand/or t onthe water quality on the area surrounding the Pr Onlinemonitoring of turbidity level and TSSconcen minimize sedimentdispersal at the Project site Goodpractice onland reclamationand dredging work aquacultureoperators should be notified immediatel the in content of nutrients, the Department of Fish monitoringof nutrient content the in water column. Mitigatingthe occurrence of algal bloom shouldbe Kukup,thus no mitigating measures is needed for th Birds willmove away to richer and lessdisturbed f coastline. expectedto resumetheir feeding and foraging activ intertidal life be will re-established and the coas unmitigated.However, anew coastline willbe creat Loss the of existing mudflat due to creation of the noaquaculture activities withinthis area. mustbe paid through fair negotiation. However, it Asfor the aquaculture business whichmay be affect dredging sites. Gooddredging practices should be employed to minim severaldays before and after the event. monitoringprogramme should also includesatellite Monitoringof algal bloom before, during and after

Mitigation Measures

locations willreduce the impact of

talbirds (residents and migrants) are new islands permanent is and oraging groundssuch asPulau eries,DOE, localfishermen and isimportant to note that there are dredgingshould be carried out. The ed. In duecourse, the marine rried outthrough monitoring of urbiditylevel has reachedthe trationswill provide realtime data carriedout through constant ojectactivities. All reclamationand ities inthe newly established Should there be a sudden increase g activities g atemporary is impact, edby dredging,due compensation imageries(ocean colours) taken eterrestrial fauna. es willbe restoredin due time by the silt curtain should be done so y. s shoulds be employed to

ize sedimentdispersal at the

ES-60 DR. NIK & ASSOCIATES SDN. BHD. l www.drnik.com.my TableES13.1 Noise LandTraffic Air Quality Fishing Ground AffectedEnvironmental Components

(cont’d)

Operation Post-Reclamation Dredging LandReclamation and Dredging LandReclamation and Operation Post-Reclamation Dredging LandReclamation and

ProjectActivities

■ ■ ■ ■ impactson the ambient noise level. minimal landtraffic, expected is it that there wil Asthese activities take place far from the mainlan ■ ■ ■ No ■ ■ ■ ■ ■ theambient noise level. Additional landtraffic andvehicular movement gene

JalanTanjung Kupang willbe ableto accommodate th increasethe ambient noise level. Additional landtraffic andvehicular movement gene worksmay contribute to noise pollution. Themachineries and equipment deployed for the cons Second LinkExpressway will reach capacityby 2045. TanjungPelepas highway will reachcapacity by 2025 trafficvolume until 2025. Analysisshows that the existing state road of Jala becomeasource of airborne particulate. Stockpiles construction of materialssuch as sand a problems unmitigated. if Movementof lorries and machineries will generates problems unmitigated. if Movementof lorries and machineries will generates Opensurface with loosesoil susceptible is to wind marginfurther. Additional fuel costand high fuel price would redu haveto move to other fishing grounds furtheraway. Reclamationand dredging may cause an economic loss affectthe fishing activities of the local fisherme Theoverall size this of fishing ground wouldbe re impact

onairquality is expected during this phase.

PotentialImpacts

l be nol significant dand generate nand their catch. nPendas Laut and rated willincrease ducedand may erosion.

cetheir profit ndcement may

ignificantdust ignificantdust rated will . e increasing truction as they may

■ ■ ■ ■ ■ ■ ■ ■ ■ ■ ■ ■ ■ ■ ■ ■ ■

Stockpiles shouldbe covered at all time. beregularly unsoiled. Washtrough should be installed at the access point especiallyduring dry and windy condition. Dustabatement procedure such as waterspray must b sensitive receptors. Hoardingthat acts as a windscreen can be erected techniquesthat can be used are hydromulch, chemica Thesoil at the clearedareas foraccess road onth over aperiod of time) and the paying agency such a compensation. Otheraspects of payment such as its types of inconveniences facedand the duration affe Compensationought to be based on several considera throughtheir representatives and should besettled compensation, of whereapplicable, should be looked Thefishermen’s fear of losingtheir livelihood sho income. of warningor be informedof the impending activities seawater If pollution fromsuspended solids unav is are maintained are in good workingorder. Plant,machineries and equipments used should be fi time;and guidelinesset by the DOE which not is more than 65 Noisemonitoring must be conductedperiodically to physicalbarriers; Ancillaryplants, such as generators, compressors a time; Themovement vehicles of involve during the constru thatminimalonly worksare carried outduring the Fulloperation of construction worksshould be done Comprehensivedevelopment of integrated public tran TheSecond Link Expressway needs to be upgraded to respectively highwayneed to be upgraded to three, four and five Unlessanew access with adirect tapping fromthe Theproposed main access road(Access need 1) amin

Mitigation Measures

uldnot be overlooked orunheeded. Some forms emainland must be stabilised. Several stabilising nighttime and public holidays; ndpumps should be placed behind existing SecondLink is instigated, the Tanjung Pelepas well in advanceto reduce lossor potential loss . Wheels. and undercarriage of the vehicle should atthe access road areathat is locatednearby oidable,the fishermen ought to be givenprior s UPENshould also be considered. accordingly and amicably. ctedetc. in orderto arrive at the quantum the of dBA during daytime and 55dBA during night- lanes bythe year 2025, 2035 and2040 from 7.00am to 10.00 pm only. isIt advisable ensurethe noise leveldoes not exceed the nature(incash or kind), frequency (one-off or ction phaseshould be minimised during night tted the with effective exhaust silencers and into andworked out withthe affected parties imum of 3 lanesfor each carriageway in 2025 lstabilisation, vegetation or water. 4lanes by the year 2045. sportation system. tions,such as claims from genuine cases, the ecarried regularlyat the access road

ES-61 DR. NIK & ASSOCIATES SDN. BHD. l www.drnik.com.my TableES13.1 Viewscape AffectedEnvironmental Components

(cont’d)

Operation ProjectActivities

Viewscape Areasthat couldbe impacted by the proposed develo From PTP From Tg. Bin Power Plant From Sunway Iska Sunway From Plant Power Bin Tg. From PTP From pment are SunwayIskandar, PTP and Tanjung BinPowe PotentialImpacts

ndar

r r Plant.

Nomitigating measure isrequired. Mitigation Measures

ES-62 DR. NIK & ASSOCIATES SDN. BHD. l www.drnik.com.my therelatively lowincome group. w This improvingstandingoftheeconomic th thus economy, employment. or market labour local the boost requirements The workers. semiskilled and workers i reclamation be theThe ofworkfworks.thepeak during will reclamation for requirements manpower The Potentialon Impact Labour 14.3.1 Phase Construction 14.3 sectio this within discussedactivities Project The Activities Project 14.1 14.0 a) The process of degazetting the protected zone of zone protected thedegazetting of process The a) MitigationMeasures hasto be degazettedfrom beinga protected area. the reduce to sought be could mitigations Although compon residential and commercial highdensity from wil which one is Project proposed the of nature The Plan Management seag the Shoreline and Island Merambong the protect to of designated 39) (MU 39 Unit devel be to is Project proposed the of part major A Potentialon Impact Location and Site 14.2.1 Phase Pre-construction 14.2 safety. and economicforcecontractors,oflabourgainterms in fisherme local the to relate would activities these socio Potential construction. and preconstruction th of perspectiveoverall the from done is herewith Neverth development. topside and works, reclamation tobe located hasto besought from theplanning au ShorelineManagementfor PlanIskandar Malaysia in Potential Impacts and Mitigation Measures on on Measures environment Human the Mitigation and Impacts Potential n covers prereclamation, dredging and dredgingprereclamation,covers n ad hi fsig ciiis project activities, fishing their and n s or otherwise,orssociocultural impacts of out anticipated impacts economic e phases related to construction, i.e.construction, to related phases e oped in the waters of Management of waters the in oped orce will comprisewill engineers, orce skilled l result in high impact developmentimpact high in result l damage that may accrue, the area the accrue, may that damage e locals as they are generallyfromare they as locals e the Management Unit 39 of the of 39 ManagementUnit the f eea hnrd okr will workers hundred several of ls, h dsuso o impacts of discussion the eless, ns f h dvlpet plan. development the of ents Shoal. Merambong of bed rass l la t a os i te local the in boost a to lead ill te ag o 500 workers 5,000 of range the n thorityof Iskandar Malaysia. which theproposedwhichProject is o Ikna Mlyi. t is It Malaysia. Iskandar for ES-63 DR. NIK & ASSOCIATES SDN. BHD. l www.drnik.com.my Detailed Environmental Impact Assessment (DEIA) for the Proposed Forest City Island Reclamation & Mixed Development, Johor

Although employment of foreign workers is expected during the reclamation phase, engaging totally foreigners would forfeit this advantage to the locals. Furthermore, increased employment opportunities for the local population, which was perceived by some 17% of the locals as one of the advantages of the Project, was also used as one of the reasons for supporting the Project.

The activities would also require the deployment of contractors and the mobilization of vehicles and equipment. These would again boost local participation and the economy. Nevertheless, the immediate locals should be given priority in contracting works that they could participate in, as voiced by them in the Focus Group Discussions and Public Dialogue organised to get feedbacks about the proposed Project during the course of the study.

Mitigation Measures

a) The boost in local employment would only be effective if a portion of the labour required is recruited from within the local area. b) Recruitment of labour from among the locals would be most beneficial if taken from the unemployed source or new entrants to the labour market and not pinching from other employments. c) It should also be similarly applied to employing local contractors and sub contractors who should be given priority in the selection process.

14.3.2 Potential Impact on Livelihood

Although the setting up of the Project would entail the creation of numerous economic opportunities, it would also pose inconveniences to the local fishermen, especially in disrupting their activities, affecting local marine life (although temporarily) and damaging their fishing gears. The newlyformed islands would reduce the size of the local fishing ground. This had been iterated in our survey findings when the local fishermen perceived that they would lose their work and livelihood as well as being displaced from

their normal fishing ground.

The deployment of 5,000 workers would push up the current population size of the study area. Increased population size would bring about increased demand in basic goods and services.

Mitigation Measures

a) The installation of the silt curtain. b) The boundary of the reclamation activities and sand barges’ route should be marked with buoy markings. c) Compensation ought to be based on several considerations, such as claims from genuine cases, the types of inconveniences faced and the duration affected etc. in order to arrive at the quantum of the compensation. Other aspects of payment DR. NIK & ASSOCIATES SDN. BHD. l www.drnik.com.my l BHD. SDN. ASSOCIATES & NIK DR.

ES-64 Volume 1—Executive Summary aac o te ra tu tasomn te oil m social the transforming thus area, the could of locals, balance the alongside coexisting and pro hundreds workers, foreign of presence The repercussions. wor same the within or roof same the under together worker or workers foreign putting and Accommodating ofthe lodging blocks may also tend to be close to o aonlyprovided,perroomcrowding During mayonoccur not implications. sociocultural their and health without of source potential a is camps Workers’ on Impacts Construction and Operation of Wor 14.3.5 eyesof thebeholders. may They their have own charms and theaesthetic va wo islands builtup four stead, its in But forever. T frontingthe view sea panoramanaturalthe of The Potentialon Impact Tranquillity and Aesthet 14.3.4 cons the from and to materials of Transportation d) tr the during system road existing the on Stress c) a) MitigationMeasures transpo condi the traffic from the hazardous. make loads would materials traffic construction additional The road. at consideration a only not is Safetymanaged. and wo the if occur to potential the have may accidents b) Transport operators should be more considerate a considerate more be should operators Transport b) any in consideration major a also are issues Safety Potentialon Impact Safety 14.3.3 Concertedarrangements should be madeto involve d) out during out nonpeak hours. prop a if minimized designed by thecontractor to streamline themoveme be could materials construction atall times. “Safetyfirst thepaying agency such as should UPEN also be consi as its such nature (in cashor kind), frequency (on ” should ” always be stressed upon. oneanother. future. near the in place in put be uld stage of the construction. Industrialconstruction. the of stage the construction site but also on the on also but constructionsite the anjung Kupang coasts would be lost coastswouldbe Kupang anjung rkers were not properly supervised properly not were rkers cpto o te accommodation the of ccupation lue of the lue front sea would be in the basis but the overallarrangementbutthebasis eoffof or time) overa period and kers’ camp complex may have its have may complex camp kers’ aey aad ad r as not also are and hazards safety nprain fmcieis and machineries of ansportation irp te utrl n racial and cultural the disrupt ku o te ra no more a into area the of akeup al nmeig p o several to up numbering bably in n h ae srsfl and stressful area the in tion rcin ie sol e carried be should sites truction s from other states of Malaysia of states other from s nd always observe safe driving safe observe always nd thelocals. tto o mcieis and machineries of rtation dered. nt. ics kers’ Camps kers’ r rfilw ytm is system trafficflow er ES-65 DR. NIK & ASSOCIATES SDN. BHD. l www.drnik.com.my Detailed Environmental Impact Assessment (DEIA) for the Proposed Forest City Island Reclamation & Mixed Development, Johor

cosmopolitan entity. Physical conflicts could easily develop as a result of the differences in culture and subculture, values, attitude and tolerance level among the different ethnics and races.

Other associated problems are those of social and health which were also voiced by one fifth of the respondents when their views were sought regarding the future influx of foreign workers into their area. Such views are normally based on the alleged increase in crimes and diseases previously unknown to the country or the reappearance of those which had long since been eradicated such as malaria and tuberculosis

Mitigation Measures

a) The condition of the base or workers camps would have to fit into certain decent living standards that provide wellventilated space, basic amenities, proper sanitation and noncrowding. b) The implication of social and cultural problems arising from accommodating foreign workers within one complex could be avoided if workers of different cultural backgrounds would be housed separately but sharing common facilities to promote social integration. c) Racial clashes and other social problems could be avoided if workers’ interest could be looked after, cordial relationship maintained and cultural understanding and tolerance inculcated. d) The emergence and rise of new strains of diseases, which have often been associated with foreign workers, could be checked and overcome by having proper recruitment procedures and health screening before permission to work is granted.

14.4 Development on Newly-reclaimed Land

14.4.1 Potential Impact on Employment

At the peak of the development of the newly reclaimed land a labour force of 5,000 is expected to be employed. Meanwhile, during the operational phase, an estimated 62,200 employment opportunities will be created. The impact on employment could be significant depending on the ratio of those labour recruited from the local area. The impact of the external labour would be different depending on the number moving or not moving into the locality and those who move with or without family.

Mitigation Measures

a) The proposed Project should strive to have some local recruitment ratio for it to be relevant in the development of the area.

DR. NIK & ASSOCIATES SDN. BHD. l www.drnik.com.my l BHD. SDN. ASSOCIATES & NIK DR.

ES-66 Volume 1—Executive Summary emergencyservices. health schools, including services, local of range and housing or accommodation require will also They structur sex and age the changing possibly and area o several have effectson thelocality. They will res during Inmig area. permanently the into families area bring will employees development the into move commuting daily beyond from recruited employees The Potentialon Impact Demography, Housing and 14.4.4 wid Such employment. additional consideredas beneficial and longtermin nature. create will generate may demands which housing, and education, health, dema may workforce additional The Project. proposed additional employment, create demands Such canteen. enginee local from components from ranging supplies Th economy. retail local the for boost considerable p rang whole a on locality, the well expenditurein retail (and substantial be may which workforce, The Potentialon Impact the Wider Multiplier Eff 14.4.3 wouldalso tend tobenefit from rate collections. provid services and utilities Other returns. authority higher local in change net create would this and quit rates, assessment as such rates also are There significantthen the local economywould thrive. pu in area o local the expenditure in spent total be would that of labour) percentage the will If Project proposed agencies. the in investment capital The bringingin or not bringing family in as mentioned otiuin ol vr mc dpnet n h amoun oroutsidemaymay workersthe by locally spent who the on dependent much local very additional would contribution to contribute would locally spent additiona to contribution and remuneration positive from earned income direct render employment Direct Potentialon Impact Income and Revenue 14.4.2 ultin anincrease in the population of the e of goods and services. This may be a be may This services. and goods of e above. n rcetoa fclte, oie and police facilities, recreational and r fr ae spl ad electricity and supply water for ers rchasing local goods and services is services and goods local rchasing at okr ad hi fmle will families their and workers rant rent, fees and royalties to be paid be to royalties and fees rent, not move into the local arealocaleither movethe into not pooe Poet tef requires itself Project proposed e eeps onig o upue or surpluses to pointing receipts noe Hwvr te additional the However, income. gos n srie (excluding services and goods n o te ery oa population. local nearby the of e lcl anns n fo those from and earnings local l e infcn t ohr related other to significant be nd other services locally such as such locally services other nd the salary paid. This is a definite a is This paid. salary the lc adtoa ead o a on demands additional place i) cn eeae considerable generate can aid), ig im, o rvsos o the for provisions to firms, ring o ht iety rae b the by created directly that to diinl osrcin These construction. additional itne a b epce to expected be can distance ects o pooto o earnings of proportion or t r cnmc mat are impacts economic er eain Sm o these of Some peration. Other Services Other ES-67 DR. NIK & ASSOCIATES SDN. BHD. l www.drnik.com.my Detailed Environmental Impact Assessment (DEIA) for the Proposed Forest City Island Reclamation & Mixed Development, Johor

Mitigation Measures

a) If population increase is to be checked, the most basic mitigation would be to encourage the maximum recruitment of labour from within daily commuting distance of the Project site, thereby reducing the number of workers and families from moving into the impact zone. b) Local accommodation impacts can be mitigated by either providing additional accommodation for the workforce or to encourage the use of unoccupied or under occupied accommodation into the impact zone, depending on condition of local housing and accommodation market.

14.4.5 Potential Socio-Cultural Impacts

With an estimated population size of 300,000 people living in the newly created islands, the magnitude of the social impacts would be enormous. Social and cultural conflicts and frictions may become the order of the day if measures for cordial and harmonious living are not promoted.

Mitigation Measures

a) Problems of integration and clash of lifestyles may lead to failure and disappointment. These could be avoided if the residential areas created would not be exclusively enclave; equal opportunities are open to all to participate in the everyday doings and regular happenings in the local area or impact zone. b) The role of the local authority and management body is crucial in seeing to the implementation of the events by involving all in whatever amenities provided and functions organised for the area. The creation of the feeling of oneness is important in determining that all members of the public would feel that they belonged. c) With regards to the marginalization of the locals, it could be mitigated by identifying deserving local manpower to be recruited and trained for specific skills

required by the multifaceted development in the area. d) Alienation could also be overcame by ensuring the integration of the surrounding population with the new development through the provision of proper access, infrastructures, and high level of connectivity to and from the area.

15.0 Residual Impact

15.1 Introduction

This chapter details the potential residual impacts of the proposed Project. Residual impacts are defined as impacts which may remain even after the mitigating measures DR. NIK & ASSOCIATES SDN. BHD. l www.drnik.com.my l BHD. SDN. ASSOCIATES & NIK DR.

ES-68 Volume 1—Executive Summary h otal il nrdc adtoa laig o th to loading additional introduce will outfall the surrounded properly not managed.For sewage, even treit if is is development marinehappenwaterofmay if pollution occurrence proposed the Considering Water in Marine Quality Decline 15.2 Changesin viewscape. Impactsonsocioeconomy; and i) Foreign influx; h) Lossof fishing ground; g) Increase in marine traffic; f) Increase in landtraffic; e) Sedimentationand erosion; d) Disruption tothesensitive ecosystems; c) Declinein marine waterquality; b) a) thefollowing: constructionandmanagedesign the adoptedinto are Lido fronting development with thepresence of coastline other committed de Singapore’s at er experienced However, 4). (Scenario development full for Lido Sing at detected is m/yr 0.1 about of Sedimentation of presence the with Melayu Sungai of area mangrove Bu Sungei the at expected is sedimentation However, insignificant Thereis bedchangeimpact a tolevel t within area the affects primarily development The Erosion and Sedimentation 15.4 degradationof water quality occurs, these sensitiv disruptionsecausecorals,tothese will which and int the upset will islandsnew four of creation The Ecosystems to the Sensitive Disruption 15.3 ofnumber sensitive ecosystem namely seagrass, cora t the ESAs due to the fullthetodueESAsthe t development. atedto Standard the A, dischargefrom e ecosystems would beaffected. nsitive ecosystems. In addition,nsitiveecosystems. shouldIn erconnectivity of seagrass, mangrovesseagrass, of erconnectivity he direct vicinity of the Project site. Project the of vicinity direct he sronig ra wih ot a host which area, surrounding e solid waste, sewage and sullage aresullage sewageand waste, solid apore’s coastline in front of Pantai of front in coastline apore’s ls and ls mangroves. so o u t aot . my is m/yr 0.6 about to up of osion ment of the Project. TheseincludeProject.the of ment velopment(Scenario 5). other committed developments.committed other olvr rcaain o full for reclamation Boulevard o wtad n eoin t the at erosion and wetland loh opeey y e, the sea, by completely ES-69 DR. NIK & ASSOCIATES SDN. BHD. l www.drnik.com.my Detailed Environmental Impact Assessment (DEIA) for the Proposed Forest City Island Reclamation & Mixed Development, Johor

15.5 Increase in Land Traffic

There will be a substantial increase in land traffic on the surrounding area due to the additional commercial activities and population living on the reclaimed islands. Unless the proposed upgrade on major road and intersection networks connecting to the Project site is implemented, there will be a considerable disruption on the traffic flow caused by trip generated by the several hundred thousands of new residents, workers and visitors.

15.6 Disruption to Marine Traffic

The Project location is originally busy with various marine traffic plying through such as ferries, barges, yachts and fishermen boats. With a high number of vessels sharing the same space, disruption may occur.

15.7 Loss of Fishing Ground

The land reclamation will cause permanent loss of fishing ground as the local fishermen can no longer fish there. The Project area has traditionally been the usual fishing ground for the local fishermen as it is very rich in marine resources. Not only that, the proposed development is also expected to cause considerable impacts on important ESAs namely seagrass meadows and mangroves which are very important to the fishes.

15.8 Foreign Influx

Considering the fact that the majority of the new residents will be outsiders, the magnitude of the social impacts would be enormous. The impacts could be further exacerbated if a large number of this new population is made up of foreigners. A large number of people living together with different social, economic and cultural backgrounds may cause social and cultural conflicts and friction.

15.9 Impacts on Socio-economy

This significant boost in employment opportunities can be beneficial to the locals if they are given priority during the recruitment process. Direct employment of the locals will render direct income being earned from the salaries paid, which will then contribute to the improvement of the communities’ economic standing. A significant boost in the population number will generate additional retail expenditure in the locality, on a whole range of goods and services. This will be a considerable improvement for the local retail economy.

DR. NIK & ASSOCIATES SDN. BHD. l www.drnik.com.my l BHD. SDN. ASSOCIATES & NIK DR.

ES-70 Volume 1—Executive Summary for evaluation. These are i) the loss in mudflat/muin loss the i) areThese evaluation. for evaluationperiod. i the of result a as servicesenvironmental of flow moneta in magnitude, the of indication some provide indicas construed be not shouldsum the that notes RM193.2 and million RM145.6 are A value period.corresponding 50year a over million RM116.0 to amounts pres total the 8%, of rate the at discounting After OverallAssessment 16.2 P proposed The environmentalservices obtainable ground.from theaffected fishing of loss iv) and bed, wor dredging to due seabed mudflat/muddy of removal in listed components six the Of ValuationBenefits and of Cost 16.1 Project”) is includedin the study. benefits that arise as a result of choosing the “wi the choosing of result a as arise that benefits m benefits” and a costs “incremental only benefits Considering and costs environmental incremental Only 16.0 prominent,complementing thecurrent viewscapes. new a offer Ho will one. island subjective the development, a landscaped is islands new the by provided chreclaimedfacingbe islandwillthe view Seaward in Viewscape Changes 15.10 aggra further be canresidents comingin have will bettereconomic stand feelings bitter commun The local alienated. the happens, this If development. this b to locals the for possibility a is there However, Economic Valuations of Environmental Impacts Impacts Environmental Valuations Economic of Table16.1 , four are significant enough to be considered be to enough significant are four , e left out from reaping the benefits of benefits the reaping from out left e mplementation of the Project over the over Project the mplementationof th Project” option (instead of “without of (instead option Project” th ddy seabed due to reclamation, ii) the reclamation, ii) to due seabed ddy anged. In terms of aesthetic, the viewaesthetic,oftheterms In anged. n vle f h sra ana loss annual stream the of value ent ingthan the locals. area. ating Project feasibility. They rather They feasibility.Project ating as ht nymria css and costs marginal only that eans aoaa hr te e i still is sea the where panorama ae cnieig ht h new the that considering vated oet s xetd o eue the reduce to expected is roject y em, f h rdcini the in reduction the of terms, ry ee, ih wllne and wellplanned a with wever, 6 n 4 dson rts the rates, discount 4% and 6 t te wl fe mriaie and marginalized feel will ities ilo rsetvl. hs study This respectively. million e osdrd n h analysis. the in considered re , i) erdto i seagrass in degradation iii) k, ES-71 DR. NIK & ASSOCIATES SDN. BHD. l www.drnik.com.my Detailed Environmental Impact Assessment (DEIA) for the Proposed Forest City Island Reclamation & Mixed Development, Johor

17.0 Environmental Management Plan

A summary of the proposed monitoring programme is as per Table ES17.1 .

18.0 Conclusion

From the overall assessment, it can be concluded that the proposed development is expected to cause various degree of negative and positive impacts on the environment, social as well as surrounding land use. Huge commitment is needed from the Proponent in implementing all mitigation measures proposed so that this development will be beneficial not only to the Proponent, but also to the local communities and the State of Johor.

DR. NIK & ASSOCIATES SDN. BHD. l www.drnik.com.my l BHD. SDN. ASSOCIATES & NIK DR.

ES-72 Volume 1—Executive Summary Table ES17.1 Proposed Monitoring Programme

Monitoring Sampling Reporting Item Parameter Environmental Quality Criteria Stations Frequency Requirement

Temperature, Salinity, pH, Results will be compared to the Conductivity, Turbidity, DO, As per Table 7.11 , baseline and Malaysia Marine Water BOD, COD,TOC, TSS, and Oil Report to be submitted Chapter 7—Existing Quality Criteria and Standard and Grease, AN, Phosphate, Monthly to DOE monthly and Physical (MWQCS) and MalaysiaSingapore Nitrate, Heavy Metals, quarterly. Water Environment Joint Committee on the Environment Faecal Coliform, E.coli , Quality (MSJCE) Protocol. Enterococci Results will be compared to the Merambong Shoal Total Suspended Solids and baseline and Malaysia Marine Water and Merambong Daily Turbidity Quality Criteria and Standard Island (MWQCS).

Nitrogen, Phosphorus, As per Table 7.15 , Once every Report to be submitted Sediment Arsenic, Cadmium, Chapter 7—Existing month during Results will be compared to the to DOE monthly during Quality Chromium, Copper, Lead, Physical dredging baseline and US EPA Standard. dredging period. Zinc, Mercury and Nickel Environment period

As per Table 7.19 , Results will be compared to the Air Chapter 7—Existing Once every 3 baseline and Recommended Report to be submitted TSP, NO , SO and CO Quality 2 2 Physical months Malaysian Air Quality Guidelines to DOE quarterly. Environment (RMAQG).

Results will be compared to the As per Table 7.22 , baseline and DOE’s Interim (L , L L L L and Chapter 7—Existing Once every 3 Report to be submitted Noise Aeq A5, A10, A50, A90 Guidelines for Maximum Permissible L ); and (L ) Physical months to DOE quarterly. A95 Amax Sound Levels by Receiving Land Use Environment (Schedule 1 and 2). ES-73 DR. NIK & ASSOCIATES SDN. BHD. l www.drnik.com.my Detailed Environmental Impact Assessment (DEIA) for the Proposed Forest City Island Reclamation & Mixed Development, Johor

Reporting Reporting Requirement Report to be be to Report DID not to submitted 3 months later than completion the after survey. of each be to Report DOE to submitted monthly. be to Report DOE to submitted quarterly. be to Report DOE to submitted monthly.

Criteria Environmental Quality Quality Environmental Results will be compared compared be will Results condition. baseline the to compared be will Results Impact proposed the to each for Matrix Severity ESA. should condition ESA The control a to compared be initial the and/or site start the before condition and of dredging activities. reclamation Audits Environmental a by out carried be should Environmental party third with (registered Auditor DOE).

phase) phase) Monthly Monthly Sampling Sampling Frequency Every 2 weeks weeks 2 Every (postreclamation) (postreclamation) (during reclamation reclamation (during Once every 3 months 3 months every Once 6 months every Once 3 months every Once

Figure 17.2 Figure Monitoring Stations Monitoring As per per As Shoal Merambong Merambong and Island Island, Merambong Shoal Adang Tanjung Merambong and Shoal project’s whole The and implementation activities its

Parameter

Nearshore and Bed Level Level Bed and Nearshore Change Suspended Settled Sediment the of condition and Health ESA compliances the audit To approval EIA the with relevant the and conditions regulations environmental guidelines. and (cont’d)

Item Bathymetric Bathymetric Survey Sedimentation Monitoring Ecological Environmental Audits Table ES17.1 ES17.1 Table DR. NIK & ASSOCIATES SDN. BHD. l www.drnik.com.my l BHD. SDN. ASSOCIATES & NIK DR.

ES-74 Volume 1—Executive Summary