EXECUTIVE SUMMARY Proposed Fish Landing Complex and Breakwater at Punggai, , , DarulTa’zim Preliminary Environmental Impact Assessment

EXECUTIVE SUMMARY

INTRODUCTION

1. This report presents the salient findings of the Preliminary Environmental Impact Assessment (EIA) study that was carried out to assess the potential environmental impacts that could arise from the Proposed Fish Landing Complex and Breakwater at Punggai, Pengerang, Johor DarulTa’zim.Hereinafter it will be known as “The Project”.

2. The Preliminary EIA is a requirement under Section 34A of the Environmental Quality Act 1974 as the proposed Project is under ActivityNo. 5(a) –Construction of fishing harbours, according to the Environmental Quality (Prescribed Activities) (Environmental Impact Assessment) Order 1987.

3. The Project Proponent and the correspondence is as below:

JabatanKerja Raya Level 23,Menara PJD No. 50, JalanTunRazak 50400Kuala Lumpur

Tel :+603-4041 1979 Fax :+603-4041 1988 Email : [email protected]

Contact person: Dato’ Ir. Roslan B. Md. Taha Position: Director (Department of Environment and Energy)

4. The owner of this project is the Fisheries Development Authority of Malaysia, Johor State Office.

Lembaga Kemajuan Ikan Malaysia (Johor State Office) No. 6 & 8, JalanGeroda 1, Larkin 80350

Tel: +607-223 1070 Fax: +607-223 2332

5. The consultant undertaking this EIA is:

ERE Consulting Group Sdn. Bhd. 9, Jalan USJ 21/6 47630 DarulEhsan.

Tel: +603-8024 2287 Fax: +603-8024 2320 Email: [email protected]/[email protected]

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Contact person: Pn. Raja Nur Ashikin Raja Zainal/ Ms. Fong Chuen Far

6. The Project is proposed to be sited on PTD 1431with an area of 8.5 ha at the southeast of Johor. The Project site is accessible via the - Highway (E22) from Senai and JalanSungai - Punggai from Desaru (Figure ES-1). The Project site is located about 50 km southeast from Johor Bahru.

STATEMENT OF NEED

7. The Refinery and Petrochemical Integrated Development (RAPID) project was approved by the Federal Government in 2010, and was awarded to . This project is a key development project under the Economic Transformation Programme (ETP). Pengerang was selected as the site for the RAPID project for its strategic location, with site preparation already in progress.

8. The Pengerang district has a total of 700 fishermen and 300 registered fishing boats. The RAPID project covers a substantial area of the Pengerang district and is expected to affect all the fishing waters of the fishermen in the district. The Johor State Government has thus taken the initiative to develop a relocation programme for the local fishermen, which includes the construction of fishing infrastructures.

9. The Project will provide adequate infrastructure and facilities to the local fishermen to help them with their daily acitivites, as well as safe and proper berthing areas for the fishermen to land their catch. The Project will also help the Fisheries Development Authority (LKIM) monitor and oversee the overall development of the fisheries industry in the Pengerang district.

PROJECT DESCRIPTION

Project Concept

10. The Project intends to serve as a focal business point for the local fishermen in Pengerang. The Project will provide suitable infrastructures to help increase the livelihoods of the local fishermen in Pengerang, as well as to establish an organized system for LKIM to monitor and develop the fishing industry in the area.

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Project Components

11. The Project consists of two main components, which are the fish landing complex and the breakwater structure. The fish landing complex will comprise of various components and supporting infrastructures and amenities and will be situated at the jetty.

12. The complex management office will be a two-storey building. The ground floor will consist of the business rooms, store rooms, meeting rooms, pantry and a canteen. The first floor will consist of the rooms for the management personel as well as prayer rooms.

13. The docking jetty will consist of the eight berthing areas and an approach bridge that leads directly to the fish landing complex. The docking jetty willThe office building at the jetty will include basic facilities, such as an office, store room, a counter, and a waiting area.

14. The fisheries building will consist of large areas for fishery activities to be carried out. The main area will be the marketing hall, with storage rooms for fish boxes and workspaces to process fish and to mend fishing nets.

15. The breakwater structure will be a slightly curved structure that is 240m long. The structure will consist of three layers of armour rock and will be situated 50m from the jetty head to protect moored vessels against the waves.

Design Considerations

16. The coastline of the Project site faces southeast and can experience waves of up to 0.77m in height. The Project site’s coastline is sheltered from the effects of southwesterly waves from nearby islands of the Project site.

17. The establishment of the jetty will result in a small increase in wave height at the jetty head and along the approach bridge for return periods of 2, 10 and 50 years. With the establishment of the breakwater structure, the predicted wave heights are reduced significantly to less than 0.3m at the jetty head and approach bridge.

18. The design of the breakwater structure will ensure that it will reduce wave impacts at the jetty head and along the approach bridge. The crest heigh of the structure is estimated at 3.97 above CD, while a side slope ratio of 1:3 will be applied for stability purposes.

Supporting Infrastructure and Utilities

19. The sewerage system will comprise of septic tanks to cater for the sewage discharge from the fish landing complex. The septic tanks will have the

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EXECUTIVE SUMMARY

capacity for a population equivalent (PE) of 700 and will be designed to meet Standard B of the Environmental Quality (Sewage) Regulations 2009.

20. The main roads leading the Project site are the Senai-Desaru Highway (E22) and JalanSungai Rengit - Punggai. There is a trunk road from JalanSungai Rengit - Punggai that leads into the Project site. A new access road is proposed to be builtslightly north of the Project site along an existing JKR road reserve.

Principal Project Activities

Pre-Construction Stage

21. The pre-construction phase activities would include preliminary studies for the Project design, preparation and surveying, soil investigation studies, and sampling of river water, air and noise. Relocation and resettlement of the existing jetties is not required as the Project will not disrupt the daily activites of the local fishermen.

Construction Phase

22. The major construction activities include construction of building and infrastructures and the construction of the breakwater structure.Construction of the breakwater will be carried out using barges and exacavator. No dredging will be necessary.

23. The construction of the jetty will involve mainly piling and concreting works. The spun piles, concrete and other building materials will be delivered using lorries.

24. Piles will be stockpiled at the beach and will be driven using a hydraulic ram from a barge. The concrete for the columns, beams and slabs will be cast in-situ, with the concrete being delivered using trucks and pumped out into the framework.

25. The construction of infrastructure and utilities such as drains, water and sewerage pipes, and electricity cables would most likely involve localized excavation. Noise and dust generation from vehicle movements and construction activities such as piling can be expected.

Operational Phase

26. The establishment of the Project will see an increase in the number of vehicles in the Pengerang area, and also along the routes leading to the Project site. A new road leading into the Project site will be established.

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27. The solid waste generation upon full completion of the Project has been estimated to be about 560 kg/day. The waste will be disposed offatthe nearby existing landfill approved by the local authority.

Project Implementation Schedule

28. The overall development of Project is expected to be carried out over a two year period, beginning in the year 2016.

PROJECT OPTIONS

No Project Option

29. In the event that the “No Option” is adopted, there will be a direct loss of livelihood to the local fishermen within the Project Area. The establishment of the fish landing complex and breakwater structure intends to provide the local fishermen with suitable facilities and infrastructures that will enable them to make more frequent fishing trips, hence, increasing their daily catch and eventually, their livelihoods. The “No Project Option” will also impede the growth and development of the fisheries industry of the area.

Zoning Options

30. Option 1: The Project layout plan does not include the breakwater structure, and only retains the fish landing complex and the docking jetty. The establishment of the complex and jetty will induce a slight increase in wave heights at the jetty head and approach bridge of approximately 0.33m and 0.23m respectively over the return periods. The increase in wave heigts will result in an unsuitable and unsafe environment for fishing boats to berth, as well as making access to the jetty difficult. The jetty structure will not have any significant impact to the existing seabed conditions.

31. Option 2: This option includes the breakwater structure together with the fish landing complex and the docking jetty. The breakwater structure will significantly reduce wave heights at the jetty head and approach bridge by at least 94% and 85% respectively. This will also not have any significant impact to the existing seabed conditions.

EXISTING ENVIRONMENT

32. The summary of the existing environment of the Project site is described in the table below:

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Item Description Topography The Project site is situated mostly in a marine site, and partially on and Terrain flat and low-lying land. The existing ground levels range between 0 to 3.5m.Rocky outcrops are found along the shoreline of the Project site and along the river mouth of Sg. Musoh.

Geology The Project site is predominantly underlain by acid intrusive rock.

Coastal The Project site is located within a shallow bay between Shoreline TanjungPenyusop and TanjungKelok headlands. The coastaline within the vicinity of the Project site is primarily rocky headlands with hook-shaped embayments, and are generally composed of narrow sandy beaches which are sometimes interposed with rock outcrops and vegetated scarp.

Offshore During the Northeast Monsoon and inter-monsoon period (April), waves the dominant wave direction is from the northeast while the dominant wave direction during the Southwest Monsoon and inter- monsoon (October) period is from the southeast.

Tides The tides around the Project site are generally mixed but pre- dominantly semi-diurnal.

Currents The current directions of the Project site follow monsoonal changes. Southwesterly currents are common during the Northeast Monsoon, with the greatest velocity and constancy during December and January. The Southwest Monsoon sees currents from the northeast, beginning in May or June and ends in September.

Sediment The seabed materials along the coastline at the Project site is primarily sand while the materials within the nearshore area comprise of mixture of fine sand and coarse silt with coarse silt with coarser material found closer to the coastline.

Land use The type of land use setting within 3 km radius of the Project site are mostly agriculture, residential, and commercial developments. The nearest residentials are Kg. Gambut and Kg. Dato’ Haji Abdul Gahni Othman which are located within 1 km from the Project site. Besides that, the nearest commercials are the Ramunia Beach Resort and an oily waste reception and recycle facility (within 1km radius). Small scale fishing, particularly for lobsters, are carried out at rocky areas towards the east of the Project site, while commercial fishing is mainly carried out near the surrounding islands of the Project site within 2 km radius. Commercial fishing vessels such as cargo vessels and tankers can be found near and further of the 3 km radius of the Project site.

Future land use planning and development based on the Kota TinggiDistrict Local Plan 2020states that MDKThas planned for more development of beach activities, while the surrounding areas are to be developed as industrial and quarrying areas.

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Item Description Climate The climatic information was obtained from the nearest meteorological station in Mersingfrom1984 to 2014. From the data obtained, it reflects that the area receives high annual rainfall and relatively uniform high humidity and temperature as summarised below:  Average annual rainfall of 2,588.1 mm.  Mean annual temperature of 26.5°C.  24 hour mean relative humidity from 81.8 % to 87.9 %.  Predominant wind directions are from the southwest followed by winds from the north, west and northeastwithonly 1.8 % of the time as calm periods.  Offshore winds are predominantly from the northeast and southeast, while calm periods occur about 9.8% of the time.

Hydrology Sg. Musoh is the main river draining the Project site. The river is and Drainage not part of any major river basins, and is approximately 1.52 km long and 4 m wide from the river mouth. The river originates from the interior of Kg. Dato’ Haji Abdul Gahni Othman near the smallholder oil palm plantations before discharging into the . There are several smaller streams that originate from the oil palm plantations in the surrounding area that discharge into Sg. Musoh.

Ambient Air Ambient air quality monitoring was carried outattwo locations for Quality TSP, SO2, and NO2. The results were compared with Malaysian Ambient Air Quality Guidelines (MAAQG).

Results show that ambient air quality is well within the recommended safe limits. TSP readings ranged from 23-25µg/m3. SO2 and NO2 were detected to be less than 0.001ppm.

Surface Water River water quality monitoring was undertaken at three locations Quality and the results were compared with Class 2 of Malaysia Marine Water Quality Criteria and Standards (MMWQCS) as the Project site is situated within a fisheries area.

TSS concentrations at all locations for both tidal events were detected to exceed the stipulated 50 mg/L limit. Besides that, DO concentrations at all locations also were observed to also exceed the Class 2range which is 5 mg/L.Heavy metals were mostly not detected for all stations,while oil and grease were detected at the first twostations.Other parameters such as AmmonicalNitrogen and Fecal Coliform were well within the limits of the Class 2 range.

Environmental Environmental noise level monitoring was conducted at two Noise Level locations. The results were compared with the DOE Guidelines for Low Density Residential Category.

The recorded day-time noise levels were found to be within the permissible sound levels for low density residential category, while the night-time noise levels were found to exceed the permissible

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Item Description sound levels for low density residentional category.

Traffic The Project site is located in a rural area and it is only accessible from one main road off JalanSungai Rengit - Punggai from the north of the Project site. This road leads to the existing fishing jetty located at the mouth of Sg. Musoh. A new access road to the Project site is proposed to be built.

The surrounding waters of the Project site are frequently used by shipping vessels such as tankers and cargo ships to navigate through the Johor Strait and to anchor. The shipping routes and anchoring locations however do not encroach onto the vicinity of the Project site, as they are located approximately 5km off the shores of the Project site.

Ecology The floral composition of the Project site consists mainly of grasslands and coastal vegetation. trees (Cocosnucifera) are predominatly found along the eastern coast from the Project site, while grasslands consist mainly of lalang (Imperata cylindrical) and cow grass (Axonopuscompressus).

Mangroves (Avicennia and Rhizophora) are found at the mouth and along the banks of Sg. Musoh, as well as in the interior east of the riverbank. There were no major terrestrial faunal species present in the surrounding areas of the Project site.

The fish species that occur in the surrounding waters of the Project site are common species that are caught by the fishermen, most noteably the spiny lobster (Panuliruspolyphagus). Eight species of fish, together with the spiny lobster were caught during fishing surveys in the surrounding waters.

Socio- The total population in MukimPantaiTimur forms only about 4.4% Economy of the entire population in the district of Kota Tinggi. The make up the largest in MukimPantaiTimure, about three-quarters of the total population.About 52% of the populations are males and the remaining females (48%).

Stakeholder Discussion with the local fishermen and Engagement PengerusiPersatuanNelayanPengerang to obtain their feedback on the proposed Project. Generally, they are supportive of the proposed Project. Concerns raised include safe navigation passage and parking space.

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IMPACTS AND MITIGATION MEASURES

33. The potential significant impacts, mitigation measures and residual impacts during pre-construction, construction and operation phase are summarized in Table ES-1.

ENVIRONMENTAL MANAGEMENT FRAMEWORK

34. The main objective of the EMP is to ensure that the conditions stipulated by the mitigation measures specified in the EIA are implemented and that all regulatory environmental criteria and standards are adhered with.

35. The framework provides the basic mechanism for environmental management by proposing a monitoring plan. A detailed environmental management plan will be drawn up before the construction phase begins.

36. Environmental management personnel shall be identified to oversee the implementation mitigation measures, and liaise with relevant agencies pertaining to all matters related to the environment.

CONCLUSION

37. The EIA concludes that the benefits from the establishment of the Project far outweigh the negative impacts. With the proper implementation of the mitigation measures, the environmental impacts highlighted in this EIA can be greatly minimized.

This conclusion has been based on the following considerations:

 The establishment of the Project will help improve the livelihood of the local fishermen in the Pengerang district through the establishment of proper fisheries related infrastructure and facilities which will help improve fishery practices in the Pengerang district.

 The adverse environmental impacts generated during the construction and operation stage can be largely mitigated through proper design and best management practices.

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Table ES-1 Summary of Potential Significant Impacts, Mitigation Measures and Residual Impacts for the Project

Activity Potential Significant Impact Mitigation Measures Residual Impact

Pre-Construction Phase Project Planning and Site Investigation a) No significant impacts No mitigation measures recommended No residual impact is a) Scoping the site for anticipated. existing infrastructure b) Site reconnaissance c) Soil investigation d) Surrounding land use survey e) Baseline environmental sampling Construction Phase Sedimentation at Sea a) Sediment plume is created a) Dispersion of sediment plume can be controlled with the No residual impact is a) Dropping of armour when sea bed is disturbed installation of a silt curtain anticipated. rocks during by landing of rocks and b) Silt curtains will be erected using non-woven geotextile construction of piling works suspended from floats and will be held down by chains. breakwater; and b) Sediment plume will c) Small gap will be left between the bottom of the silt curtain and b) Piling of jetty structure increase turbidity of waters the sea bed to ensure the silt curtain does not become entangled.

Construction Traffic a) Increased risk of accidents a) Laybys shall be constructed to allow vehicles to pull off the road No residual impact is a) Movement of along access road and stop, while another vehicle approaches from the other anticipated. construction vehicles direction. and lorries b) Flagmen shall be placed at the laybys to direct traffic and allow one vehicle to pass through.

Marine Navigation a) Barge movement a) Increase boat traffic a) Tug boat operators will be briefed about the Project site No residual impact is conditions including potential marine traffic congestion. anticipated.

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Activity Potential Significant Impact Mitigation Measures Residual Impact b) Barges will travel close to the coast and shall avoid commercial shipping routes and areas used to harvest lobsters. c) Safety buoys shall be placed at areas deemed to shallow for heavy barges to navigate.

Marine Water Quality a) Piling works at the sea a) Oil leaks and spillage of a) Used oil and grease will not be disposed into the sea and shall No residual impact is machine oil and fuel into be collected and managed as scheduled waste. anticipated. the sea b) The piling rig will be placed on a metal plate with raised edges as b) Ecological damage to spillage containment to prevent oil leaks from flowing into the sea marine life due to oil spill c) Fuel drums shall be stored inside an open steel bin to prevent spillage.

Noise a) Operation and a) Noise generation. Noise control movement of concreate a) Construction activites, especially piling will be limited between 8 No residual impact is truck and pump, am to 6 pm from Mondays to Saturdays. anticipated. generator sets and air b) Environment Officer will inform households that are directly in compressors front of the work site about the associated work activities. c) Generator sets will be placed far away from the Nelayan Beach Resort to reduce noise disturbance to the guests.

Air Quality a) Movement of a) Dust generation Air Control construction vehicles a) Construction of wheel washing bay at all access and exit points No residual impact is of the Project site. All vehicles are to have their wheel thoroughly anticipated. washed before leaving the site. b) If necessary, the operation of water browsers will assist in reducing fugitive dust generated. c) Burning of rubbish is strictly prohibited.

Construction and Domestic Wastes

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Activity Potential Significant Impact Mitigation Measures Residual Impact a) Building construction a) Construction waste Construction waste management No residual impact is generation; and a) The construction waste shall be transported out of the Project site anticipated. b) Scheduled waste and disposed off at the existing landfill at approved by the local generation. authority; b) The construction waste generated from each building complex, if needed to be stockpiled, it is preferably stored within designated area with proper containment such as bins; c) The burning of such waste is strictly prohibited;

Scheduled waste a) Management and disposal of the scheduled waste will be carried out in accordance to the Environmental Quality (Scheduled Wastes) Regulations, 2005.; b) Used oils will be stored in proper drums and kept in a shed or store designated for the storage of such waste; c) Signs indicating “Danger” and “Hazard” will be clearly visible outside the shed; d) The used oils or oil filter will then be transported away for recycling by contractors with the appropriate licenses from DOE; and e) The strict documentation of the chain of custody with regards to the storage, transportation and ultimate disposal of the scheduled waste in accordance to the Environmental Quality (Scheduled Wastes) Regulations, 2005.

Operation Phase Changes to Hydraulic Regime a) Change in hydraulic regime No mitigation measure is recommended No residual impact is a) Operation of the after construction has been anticipated. Project. completed.

Sediment Transport a) Operation of the a) Breakwater structure a) Maintenance dredging will be carried out around the breakwater No residual impact is

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Activity Potential Significant Impact Mitigation Measures Residual Impact Project. would disrupt the normal to remove deposited sediments. anticipated. sediment transport b) Monitoring of the sediment deposition shall be done annually and patterns. maintenance dredging scheduled every five years. b) Sediments being deposited around breakwater structure.

Traffic a) Operation of the a) Access road not able to a) A new access road will be constructed from the present access No residual impact is Project. cater to increase in traffic road on the existing JKR road reserve. anticipated. b) The first 1.5km of the existing road will be widened, while the rest of the access shall be a new road constructed within the reserve. c) The new road will be designed to meet JKR’s standard for a JKR R1 rural road.

Abandonment Abandonment a) Abandonment of the a) Create unaesthetic visuals; Abandonment plan Project. b) Create a suitable habitat for a) Site office and workers camp has to be demolished from the harbouring pests; and Project site immediate after the Project has been abandoned; c) Create a potential site for b) Construction waste and domestic waste from the demolition of indulgence in anti-social the site office and workers camp shall be disposed off from the behavior. Project site; c) Construction waste and domestic waste shall be transported out from the site and disposed off at the proper landfill.

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ERE Consulting Group Sdn. Bhd ES-14 Issue 1.0/ December 2014 Bayu Damai N Tg Sepang

0 0.25km 0.5km

SOUTH CHINA

Sg. Musoh

PROJECT Ramunia SITE Beach Jalan Sg. Rengit - Punggai Resort

SEA

PROJECT SITE Tg Kelok

Pulau Lima

Source : Google Earth, 2014

Figure ES-1 Location of the Project Site

EJ 550 Fish Landing Complex & Breakwater\Drawing\Fig ES-1.cdr