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Download Do Trabalho CENTRO ESTADUAL DE EDUCAÇÃO TECNOLÓGICA PAULA SOUZA FACULDADE DE TECNOLOGIA DE LINS PROF. ANTONIO SEABRA CURSO SUPERIOR DE TECNOLOGIA EM REDES DE COMPUTADORES LUIS FERNANDO D’OLIVEIRA MONTALVÃO PAULO CESAR SAMPAIO IMPLEMENTAÇÃO DE SERVIDOR VOIP ASTERISK ATRAVÉS DO TRIXBOX LINS/SP 1º SEMESTRE/2013 CENTRO ESTADUAL DE EDUCAÇÃO TECNOLÓGICA PAULA SOUZA FACULDADE DE TECNOLOGIA DE LINS PROF. ANTONIO SEABRA CURSO SUPERIOR DE TECNOLOGIA EM REDES DE COMPUTADORES LUIS FERNANDO D’OLIVEIRA MONTALVÃO PAULO CESAR SAMPAIO IMPLEMENTAÇÃO DE SERVIDOR VOIP ASTERISK ATRAVÉS DO TRIXBOX Trabalho de Conclusão de Curso apresentado à Faculdade de Tecnologia de Lins para obtenção do Título de Tecnólogo em Redes de Computadores. Orientador: Prof. Dr. Renato Correia de Barros. LINS/SP 1º SEMESTRE/2013 DEDICATÓRIA Dedico este trabalho a Jaqueline, que me fez acreditar desde o começo que eu seria capaz de concluir esta faculdade. E também ao professor Ygor Gonzaga, in memorian, que se dedicou muito em me ajudar diversas vezes em meu TCC quando ainda cursava Banco de Dados, mesmo fora do seu horário de trabalho, pois tenho certeza que teria me ajudado mais uma vez. Luis Fernando Dedico esta faculdade aos meus pais Sampaio e Beth, a minha esposa Dayse e aos meus filhos, Lucas in memorian, Nathalia e em especial ao Leonardo, por ele que tive garra, vontade e forças para enfrentar todas as dificuldades da vida. Paulo César AGRADECIMENTOS Agradeço aos amigos e familiares por todo o apoio durante o período da faculdade, em especial ao Luis Felipe Montalvão, que me ajudou bastante na resolução de alguns problemas, e participou inclusive gravando os sons deste trabalho. Aos professores e funcionários da FATEC de Lins, dentre os quais gostaria de ressaltar especialmente a professora Adriana de Bortoli, Naylor Garcia e nosso orientador Renato Barros. Luis Fernando Agradeço ao meu parceiro de TCC, Luis Fernando e também ao nosso orientador Renato, que além de professor e orientador, é um grande amigo. Paulo César RESUMO A tecnologia proporciona novos meios de comunicação a cada dia, uma das maiores inovações no meio da telefonia nos últimos anos foi o uso de voz sobre redes IPs. Através disso, pessoas no mundo inteiro podem se comunicar através de voz, vídeo ou simples mensagens instantâneas, e o melhor, sem pagar nada por isso. No início da tecnologia VoIP, os grandes obstáculos foram as limitações de hardware e de banda larga. Com o passar dos anos, tal tecnologia alcançou qualidade igual (ou superior em alguns casos) a da telefonia convencional. Algumas empresas possuem o receio de migrar de uma tecnologia para outra, por vários motivos, principalmente pelo medo de se adaptar ao que é novo. Isso é de certa forma terrível, pois em alguns casos a economia realizada poderia ser de grande valor para seu crescimento. Através do TrixBox, uma distribuição simplificada que instala um servidor VoIP Asterisk sobre o sistema operacional CentOS, é feita a implementação e seu estudo, além de uma análise sobre o funcionamento de alguns softphones. Os softphones utilizados neste estudo são: X-Lite (testado sobre os sistemas operacionais Windows XP e Windows 7), Ekiga (testado sobre o sistema operacional Windows 7), 3CX Phone (testado sobre o sistema operacional Android) e Linphone (testado no ambiente Linux: o sistema operacional XUbuntu). Palavras-chave: VoIP, Asterisk, TrixBox, Softphones. ABSTRACT Technology provides new ways of communication as time goes by, and one of the biggest innovations in telephony field in the last years was the use of voice over IPs. With that, people in the whole world can communicate using voice, video or simple instantly messages, and the best, without paying for anything. In the beginning of VoIP technology, the great challenges were the hardware and broadband limitation. As time passed by, such technology achieved equal (or higher in some cases) quality to the conventional telephony. Some companies have the fear of migrating from a technology to another, due to many reasons, mainly because of their fear of adapting to what is new. This is terrible in certain form, because in some cases the savings could be of great value to the company's growth. Through TrixBox, a simplified distribution that installs an Asterisk VoIP server over the CentOS operating system, is performed this study, and an analysis over the performance of some softphones. The softphones used are: X-Lite (tested over Windows 7 operating system), Ekiga (tested over Windows 7 operating system), 3CX Phone (tested over Android operating system) and Linphone (tested over Linux environment: XUbuntu operating system). Keywords: VoIP, Asterisk, TrixBox, Softphones. LISTA DE ILUSTRAÇÕES Figura 1.1 - VoIP de computadores para telefones convencionais ........................... 19 Figura 1.2 - VoIP de telefone IP para telefones convencionais ................................. 20 Figura 1.3 - VoIP de adaptador ATA para telefones convencionais .......................... 20 Figura 1.4 - Composição do endereço MAC ............................................................. 24 Figura 1.5 - Time To Live de um pacote IP ............................................................... 25 Figura 1.6 - Arquitetura de protocolos utilizados pelo VoIP ....................................... 28 Figura 1.7 - Atraso de pacotes .................................................................................. 35 Figura 2.1 - Representação de um sistema Asterisk ................................................. 38 Figura 2.2 - Arquitetura do Asterisk ........................................................................... 41 Figura 3.1 - Interface Linphone para desktop ............................................................ 45 Figura 3.2 - Interface Skype para desktop ................................................................ 46 Figura 3.3 - Interface Google Talk para desktop ....................................................... 46 Figura 3.4 - Interface Google Talk para desktop ....................................................... 47 Figura 3.5 - Cisco IP Communicator ......................................................................... 48 Figura 3.6 - Tela de configuração e interface do softphone 3CX no Android ........... 49 Figura 4.1 - Ambiente de implementação .................................................................. 52 Figura 4.2 - Criando máquina virtual TrixBox ............................................................ 53 Figura 4.3 - Configuração de rede TrixBox ............................................................... 55 Figura 4.4 - Tela de Login TrixBox ............................................................................ 55 Figura 4.5 - Tela de configuração de contas do Ekiga no Windows 7 ....................... 58 Figura 4.6 - Tela de configuração de contas do Linphone no XUbuntu ..................... 59 Figura 4.7 - Tela de configuração de contas do X-Lite no Windows XP .................... 59 Figura 4.8 - Tela de configuração de grupos de chamadas "Vendas" no Asterisk .... 61 Figura 4.9 - Parâmetros de configuração da URA ..................................................... 65 LISTA DE QUADROS Quadro 1.1 - Uso de banda de alguns codecs .......................................................... 31 Quadro 1.2 - A rigidez dos requisitos de QoS ........................................................... 34 Quadro 2.1 - Requisitos de sistema .......................................................................... 39 Quadro 3.1 - Análise de aplicações para softphones ................................................ 43 Quadro 3.2 - Análise de softwares para servidores ................................................... 50 LISTA DE ABREVIATURAS E SIGLAS API – Application Programming Interface ATA – Analog Telephone Adaptor Codec – Coder/ Decoder CPU – Central Processing Unit DHCP – Dynamic Host Configuration Protocol DSP – Digital Signal Processor FPU – Floating Point Unit GB – Giga Byte GPL – General Public License HD – Hard Disk HTTP – Hyper Text Transfer Protocol IP – Internet Protocol ISO – International Standards Organization IVR – Interactive Voice Response System MB – Mega Byte MGCP – Media Gateway Control Protocol OSI – Open Systems Interconnection PC – Personal computer PSTN – Public Switched Telephone Network QoS – Quality of Service RAM – Random Access Memory RTCP – Real Time Control Protocol RTP – Real Time Protocol SDP – Session Description Protocol SIP – Session Initiation Protocol SMTP – Simple Mail Transfer Protocol TCP – Transport Control Protocol TTL – Time to Live UDP – User Datagram Protocol URA – Unidade de Resposta Audível VoIP – Voice over Internet Protocol SUMÁRIO INTRODUÇÃO .......................................................................................................... 14 1 LEVANTAMENTO BIBLIOGRÁFICO ..................................................................... 17 1.1 VOIP .................................................................................................................... 17 1.1.1 SURGIMENTO E EVOLUÇÃO ......................................................................... 17 1.1.2 TIPOS DE TECNOLOGIA VOIP ....................................................................... 18 1.1.3 AS TECNOLOGIAS ENVOLVIDAS .................................................................. 21 1.2 CAMADAS ........................................................................................................... 21 1.2.1 Modelo OSI .....................................................................................................
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