Glossary of Terms Used by Pathologists for Cause of Death in Drug Related Cases

Total Page:16

File Type:pdf, Size:1020Kb

Glossary of Terms Used by Pathologists for Cause of Death in Drug Related Cases Glossary of Terms Used by Pathologists for Cause of Death in Drug Related Cases Version 1.2 (September 2005) Purpose This glossary is provided as a resource for users of the National Coroners Information System (NCIS). It is intended to assist users of the database in the interpretation of pathology reports, particularly those for deaths relating to drugs, poisons or alcohol. The definitions of terms were provided by forensic pathologists around Australia and generally represent their individual professional opinions. As such, more than one interpretation is provided some terms. The definitions provided are not intended to be collectively exhaustive and other interpretations of the term may be relevant. While the glossary is provided to assist NCIS users, you should be aware that a given definition may not reflect the view of a pathologist who reported a particular case. In addition, the list of terms is not intended to include all terms used by pathologists in reporting cause of death in drug related cases. The definitions are in no way intended to be prescriptive to pathologists. The NCIS (previously referred to as MUNCCI) collated this glossary in good faith and assumes no responsibility for the accuracy of the definitions provided. The NCIS and Australian forensic pathologists have made this glossary available for the personal, non-commercial use of NCIS users. The glossary may not be used for any commercial purpose. Further, the glossary may not be used for any legal purpose. The definitions may not be taken from the glossary and reprinted in any form without the express written permission of the NCIS. Acknowledgments This glossary was collated by Natasha Redman, Project Officer – Drugs Module, in March 2001 based on definitions provided by forensic pathologists around Australia. The NCIS wishes to thank all pathologists who contributed to the glossary, in particular: Prof Stephen Cordner, Victorian Institute of Forensic Medicine, VIC Dr Peter Ellis, Institute of Clinical Pathology and Medical Research, NSW Prof Peter Herdson, Consultant Forensic Pathologist, ACT Dr Ross James, Forensic Science Centre, SA Dr Robert Kelsall, Dept of Forensic Pathology, Royal Hobart Hospital, TAS Dr Dianne Little, Institute of Clinical Pathology and Medical Research, NSW Dr Matthew Lynch, Victorian Institute of Forensic Medicine, VIC Dr Charles Naylor, John Tonge Centre, QLD Assoc Prof David Ranson, Victorian Institute of Forensic Medicine, VIC The Role of the Forensic Pathologist by Associate Professor David L Ranson 1 and Natasha C Redman 2 1 Victorian Institute of Forensic Medicine; 2 Monash University National Centre for Coronial Information Today, much of the function of the office of coroners in Australia is focused on prevention, with the coroner empowered to make broad recommendations surrounding the issues of public health and safety and judicial administration. Such an approach gives the coroner a dynamic function in contributing to the welfare of the community. In this modern framework the role of the forensic pathologist has been revitalised. The forensic pathologist is not involved only with the investigation of suspicious deaths that may have a criminal connotation. Rather, the forensic pathologist's role has been widened to include a wide range of natural and unintentional deaths, investigation of which can lead to improvements in the health and safety of the community. In conjunction with the coroner, the forensic pathologist is a watchdog who maintains a constant surveillance on potential fatal hazards in our society and ensures that preventable deaths are recognised and the issues surrounding them addressed. Legal jurisdictions differ in the way they organise death investigation services and the relationship between a coroner and police investigators is at times complex. Some general rules, however, appear to be common. The authority to investigate a death lies with a coroner and it is the coroner who institutes and authorises a pathologist to perform a post-mortem examination. The police have a similar duty to investigate a death and, with respect to certain aspects of the death investigation, they act as agents of investigation for the coroner. In this situation, the forensic pathologist is another co- investigator for the coroner. Traditionally, the forensic pathologist has been considered to be involved solely in the conduct of an autopsy. In practice, however, forensic pathologists play a much wider role. For example, they may become involved in the examination of scenes of death, or, in the case of criminal investigations, in the examination of suspects who may have inflicted injuries on the victim. They may evaluate medical records for both criminal and civil medico-legal purposes, and examine the statements of witnesses with regard to medical matters before a wide variety of tribunals. Despite this varied role, the forensic pathologist’s main task is still the conduct of autopsies for the coroner. The vast majority of autopsies conducted by forensic pathologists involve unconfirmed natural deaths which society requires to be scrutinised and confirmed. The investigation of non-suspicious natural deaths, accidents (fatal incidents), deaths from suicide, deaths from drugs and deaths from other forms of intentional and non-intentional injury form the vast majority of their case work. The information that can be gained from investigating these deaths is potentially very significant for the community. The investigation of suspicious deaths is another vital role of the forensic pathologist. In such cases, they are involved in the compilation of a brief of evidence that may form part of a prosecution within the criminal justice system. In such cases, the forensic pathologist assists with the evaluation and presentation of that evidence both before and during court proceedings, in addition to the other elements of the standard death investigation. One of the responsibilities of the forensic pathologist is to determine issues relating to the cause of death and circumstances of death of individuals. In this context, forensic pathologists have a specific interest in forensic toxicology. Where deaths are apparently the result of toxic substances, a forensic pathologist must collect the appropriate body samples and, together with a forensic toxicologist, arrange for the most appropriate analysis. Toxicological analysis is a routine part of most of forensic autopsies. The toxicologist analyses human tissues for the presence of drugs and other chemical agents that may have been taken into the body. Homicides, suicides and motor vehicle accidents are perhaps the most common cases in which drug analysis is involved. However, there is a wide variety of apparently accidental deaths, including those associated with work and recreation, where toxicology and drug analysis are important in analysing the circumstances of the death. An environment that provides a high level of communication between the disciplines of forensic pathology and forensic toxicology is ideal for the investigation of problematic suspicious deaths. Ultimately, the forensic pathologist must integrate the result of the autopsy and results of toxicology testing together with other laboratory tests to arrive at an overall expert opinion regarding the medical cause of death. Recommended Reading (Brodrick Committee Report.) Cmnd. 4810. Report Of The Committee On Death Certification And Coroners. November 1971. Published by the Home Office in the United Kingdom, London 1971. Busuttil, A. and Jones, J. S. P. Deaths in Major Disasters : The pathologist's role . The Royal College of Pathologists, London 1990. Crowther, M. Anne, and White, Brenda. On Soul and Conscience : The medical expert and crime: 150 years of forensic medicine in Glasgow . Aberdeen University Press, Aberdeen 1988. Gonzalez-Crussi, F. Three Forms Of Sudden Death : And other reflections on the grandeur and misery of the body . Picador, London 1987. Hill, Rolla B; and Anderson, Robert E. The Autopsy : Medical practice and public policy . Butterworths, Boston 1988. Knight, Bernard. Forensic Pathology. Edward Arnold, London 1991. Plueckhahn, V. D. and Cordner, S. M. Ethics, Legal Medicine & Forensic Pathology . 2nd Edition. Melbourne University Press, Melbourne 1991. Selby, Hugh. (ed.). The Aftermath of Death: Coronials. Federation Press, Leichhardt, NSW, 1992. Spitz, Werner U. (ed.) and Fisher, Russell S. Spitz And Fisher's Medicolegal Investigation Of Death: Guidelines for the application of pathology to crime investigation. Charles C. Thomas, Springfield, Ill. 1993. A ABUSE (eg. alcohol, ethanol, cigarettes, tobacco, drug, specific drug) To take a drug for non-therapeutic reasons; Non-therapeutic use; The excessive use of drugs without regard for health and wellbeing; Use of an illicit substance or overuse of a licit substance; May be used when there is a background of “abuse” but no significant toxicity. ACUTE ABUSE (eg. intravenous morphine) Acute toxicity / non-therapeutic use; The taking of a single dose of a drug without regard to health or wellbeing; Recent abuse (no evidence of chronic abuse). CHRONIC ABUSE (eg. alcohol, drug) Long term use of an agent resulting in a deleterious effect; To take a drug non-therapeutically over a long period of time; Long term non-therapeutic use; Long term excessive use of drugs without regard for health and wellbeing; Longstanding abuse. ABUSER One who uses a certain drug; Somebody who uses drugs to an extent that it could affect their health and wellbeing.
Recommended publications
  • Job Posting Clinical Microbiology Final
    The Department of Pathology & Cell Biology at Columbia University Irving Medical Center (CUIMC) is recruiting for an MD, MD/PhD, or PhD academic clinical microbiologist of any rank to join our faculty as a Medical Director of the NewYork-Presbyterian/CUIMC Clinical Microbiology Laboratory. Applicants should have an established track record of accomplishment within the field of clinical microbiology and a demonstrated ability to lead an experienced group of laboratory technologists, supervisors, and staff. In addition to strong clinical and technical skills, particular emphasis is placed on candidates with a demonstrated record of collegiality and inter-departmental collaboration. Applicants must have completed a fellowship in clinical microbiology and be board-certified/board-eligible in Medical and Public Health Microbiology through the American Board of Medical Microbiology (ABMM) or board-certified/board- eligible in Clinical Pathology with subspecialty certification in Medical Microbiology through the American Board of Pathology (ABP). The applicant must also be able to satify clinical licensing requirements to serve as a Laboratory Director in New York State. The successful applicant will help oversee diagnostic testing in the areas of Bacteriology, Virology, Mycobacteriology, Mycology, and Parasitology. The position also includes responsibilities for teaching of pathology residents, medical students, infectious diseases fellows, and technical staff. Applicants must be currently involved in ongoing research with a track record of publications in the field. The position offers a competitive salary commensurate with training and experience, and an appointment to the faculty of the Columbia University Vagelos College of Physicians & Surgeons. The Clinical Microbiology Laboratory at NewYork-Presbyterian/CUIMC is located in the Washington Heights neighborhood of New York City, offering unparalleled opportunities to work and live in a thriving, diverse, metropolitan environment with access to world-class cultural institutions, restaurants, and entertainment.
    [Show full text]
  • Printable Version
    Clinical Pathology Laboratories Drugs of Abuse Testing Offering our clients state-of-the-art testing is part of CPL’s ongoing commitment to excellence. Effective 06/18/2018, Clinical Pathology Laboratories (CPL) will replace current drug of abuse (DAU) screening and screening with reflex confirmation profiles. The new profiles provide: • Reformulation and recombination of classes for profile testing, more relevant to current societal trends • Standardization of drug thresholds to high sensitivity cutoff values • Addition of the following analytes in specific profiles for testing: o Fentanyl o Buprenorphine o 6-Acetylmorphine o MDMA (Ecstasy) • Expansion of testing for adulterants with disqualifying comments added to specimens determined to be altered • Expansion of interpretive notes on reports regarding the method, cutoff values, and specific drugs that may or may not be detected by the screening method New Profile Name EtOH Opiates Cocaine Fentanyl Oxycodone Order Code Methadone Barbiturates Cannabinoids Phencyclidine Acetylmorphine Buprenorphine Amphetamines MDMA/Ecstasy - Benzodiazepines 6 Drug of Abuse, 8 Analytes 3305 X X X X X X X X No Confirm Drug of Abuse, 8 Analytes 3306 X X X X X X X X w/ Confirm Drug of Abuse, 9 Analytes 3316 X X X X X X X X X w/ EtOH, No Confirm Drug of Abuse, 9 Analytes 3315 X X X X X X X X X w/ EtOH, w/ Confirm Drug of Abuse, 9 Analytes 3307 X X X X X X X X X No THC or Confirm Drug of Abuse, 9 Analytes 3308 X X X X X X X X X No THC, w/ Confirm Drug of Abuse, 10 Analytes 3317 X X X X X X X X X X No Confirm
    [Show full text]
  • Clinical Pathology, Immunopathology and Advanced Vaccine Technology in Bovine Theileriosis: a Review
    pathogens Review Clinical Pathology, Immunopathology and Advanced Vaccine Technology in Bovine Theileriosis: A Review Onyinyechukwu Ada Agina 1,2,* , Mohd Rosly Shaari 3, Nur Mahiza Md Isa 1, Mokrish Ajat 4, Mohd Zamri-Saad 5 and Hazilawati Hamzah 1,* 1 Department of Veterinary Pathology and Microbiology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Universiti Putra Malaysia, Serdang 43400, Malaysia; [email protected] 2 Department of Veterinary Pathology and Microbiology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Nigeria Nsukka, Nsukka 410001, Nigeria 3 Animal Science Research Centre, Malaysian Agricultural Research and Development Institute, Headquarters, Serdang 43400, Malaysia; [email protected] 4 Department of Veterinary Pre-clinical sciences, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Universiti Putra Malaysia, Serdang 43400, Malaysia; [email protected] 5 Research Centre for Ruminant Diseases, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Universiti Putra Malaysia, Serdang 43400, Malaysia; [email protected] * Correspondence: [email protected] (O.A.A.); [email protected] (H.H.); Tel.: +60-11-352-01215 (O.A.A.); +60-19-284-6897 (H.H.) Received: 2 May 2020; Accepted: 16 July 2020; Published: 25 August 2020 Abstract: Theileriosis is a blood piroplasmic disease that adversely affects the livestock industry, especially in tropical and sub-tropical countries. It is caused by haemoprotozoan of the Theileria genus, transmitted by hard ticks and which possesses a complex life cycle. The clinical course of the disease ranges from benign to lethal, but subclinical infections can occur depending on the infecting Theileria species. The main clinical and clinicopathological manifestations of acute disease include fever, lymphadenopathy, anorexia and severe loss of condition, conjunctivitis, and pale mucous membranes that are associated with Theileria-induced immune-mediated haemolytic anaemia and/or non-regenerative anaemia.
    [Show full text]
  • Overview of Pathology and Its Related Disciplines - Soheir Mahmoud Mahfouz
    MEDICAL SCIENCES – Vol.I -Overview of Pathology and its Related Disciplines - Soheir Mahmoud Mahfouz OVERVIEW OF PATHOLOGY AND ITS RELATED DISCIPLINES Soheir Mahmoud Mahfouz Cairo University, Kasr El Ainy Hospital, Egypt Keywords: Pathology, Pathology disciplines, Pathology techniques, Ancillary diagnostic methods, General Pathology, Special Pathology Contents 1. Introduction 1.1 Pathology coverage 1.1.1 Etiology and Pathogenesis of a Disease 1.1.2 Manifestations of Disease (Lesions) 1.1.3 Phases Of A Disease Process (Course) 1.2 Physician’s approach to patient 1.3 Types of pathologists and affiliated specialties 1.4 Role of pathologist 2. Pathology and its related disciplines 2.1 Cytology 2.1.1 Cytology Samples 2.1.2 Technical Aspects 2.1.3 Examination of Sample and Diagnosis 3. Pathology techniques and ancillary diagnostic methods 3.1 Macroscopic pathology 3.2 Light Microscopy 3.3 Polarizing light microscopy 3.4 Electron microscopy (EM) 3.5 Confocal Microscopy 3.6 Frozen section 3.7 Cyto/histochemistry 3.8 Immunocyto/histochemical methods 3.9 Molecular and genetic methods of diagnosis 3.10 Quantitative methods 4. Types of tests used in pathology 4.1 DiagnosticUNESCO tests – EOLSS 4.2 Quantitative tests 4.3 Prognostic tests 5. The scope of SAMPLEpathology & its main divisions CHAPTERS 6. Conclusions Glossary Bibliography Biographical sketch Summary Pathology is the science of disease. It deals with deviations from normal body function and ©Encyclopedia of Life Support Systems (EOLSS) MEDICAL SCIENCES – Vol.I -Overview of Pathology and its Related Disciplines - Soheir Mahmoud Mahfouz structure. Many disciplines are involved in the study of disease, as it is necessary to understand the complex causes and effects of various disorders that affect the organs and body as a whole.
    [Show full text]
  • American Society for Clinical Pathology to the Clinical Laboratory Improvement Advisory Committee
    Statement from the American Society for Clinical Pathology to the Clinical Laboratory Improvement Advisory Committee The American Society for Clinical Pathology is pleased to provide this statement to the Clinical Laboratory Improvement Advisory Committee (CLIAC) on the roles, responsibilities and competencies of bioinformaticists. The completion of the Human Genome Project has resulted in vast sums of patient data, and bioinformaticists are increasingly being utilized by clinical laboratories to manage, process, and analyze it, especially in the rapidly expanding specialty of molecular diagnostics. Bioinformaticists, and the unique skills these individuals bring, are also helping to transform the practice of pathology and laboratory medicine by developing or/or enhancing the bioinformatics tools used to expand the ability of pathology and laboratory medicine to protect patient health. ASCP greatly appreciates CLIAC’s leadership by focusing attention on the valuable contribution these professionals are making and to improve their ability to do so. The following comments are based on comments provided by our membership during our efforts to respond to the questions posed by the CLIAC. CLIAC Discussion Questions: Question 1: Are Bioinformaticists needed in clinical and public health laboratories? If so, what are the current roles, responsibilities, and competencies of bioinformaticists in these settings? ASCP believes that bioinformaticists are a key component of high quality, full service clinical laboratories, though the roles and responsibilities of these professionals may vary significantly. Informaticists are critical to building the bioinformatics pipeline, which can include the software and database engineering, configuration of available bioinformatics software, and/or management and interfacing of LIS and other informatics systems, both internally within the laboratory (e.g.
    [Show full text]
  • Neuropathic Pain: Delving Into the Oxidative Origin and the Possible Implication of Transient Receptor Potential Channels
    REVIEW published: 14 February 2018 doi: 10.3389/fphys.2018.00095 Neuropathic Pain: Delving into the Oxidative Origin and the Possible Implication of Transient Receptor Potential Channels Cristina Carrasco 1*, Mustafa Nazirogluˇ 2, Ana B. Rodríguez 1 and José A. Pariente 1 1 Department of Physiology, Faculty of Sciences, University of Extremadura, Badajoz, Spain, 2 Neuroscience Research Center, Suleyman Demirel University, Isparta, Turkey Currently, neuropathic pain is an underestimated socioeconomic health problem affecting millions of people worldwide, which incidence may increase in the next years due to chronification of several diseases, such as cancer and diabetes. Growing evidence links neuropathic pain present in several disorders [i.e., spinal cord injury (SCI), cancer, diabetes and alcoholism] to central sensitization, as a global result of mitochondrial dysfunction induced by oxidative and nitrosative stress. Additionally, inflammatory signals Edited by: and the overload in intracellular calcium ion could be also implicated in this complex Ali Mobasheri, network that has not yet been elucidated. Recently, calcium channels namely transient University of Surrey, United Kingdom receptor potential (TRP) superfamily, including members of the subfamilies A (TRAP1), M Reviewed by: Felipe Simon, (TRPM2 and 7), and V (TRPV1 and 4), have demonstrated to play a role in the nociception Universidad Andrés Bello, Chile mediated by sensory neurons. Therefore, as neuropathic pain could be a consequence of Enrique Soto, the imbalance between reactive oxygen species and endogen antioxidants, antioxidant Benemérita Universidad Autónoma de Puebla, Mexico supplementation may be a treatment option. This kind of therapy would exert its beneficial *Correspondence: action through antioxidant and immunoregulatory functions, optimizing mitochondrial Cristina Carrasco function and even increasing the biogenesis of this vital organelle; on balance, antioxidant [email protected] supplementation would improve the patient’s quality of life.
    [Show full text]
  • 2021 Anatomic & Clinical Pathology
    BEAUMONT LABORATORY 2021 ANATOMIC & CLINICAL PATHOLOGY Physician Biographies Expertise BEAUMONT LABORATORY • 800-551-0488 BEAUMONT LABORATORY ANATOMIC & CLINICAL PATHOLOGY • PHYSICIAN BIOGRAPHIES Peter Millward, M.D. Mitual Amin, M.D. Chief of Clinical Pathology, Beaumont Health Interim Chair, Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Interim Chief of Pathology Service Line, Beaumont Health Royal Oak Interim Physician Executive, Beaumont Medical Group Interim Chair, Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Oakland University William Beaumont School Interim System Medical Director, Beaumont Laboratory of Medicine Outreach Services Board certification Associate Medical Director, Blood Bank and • Anatomic and Clinical Pathology, Transfusion Medicine, Beaumont Health American Board of Pathology Board certification Additional fellowship training • Anatomic and Clinical Pathology, • Surgical Pathology American Board of Pathology Special interests Subspecialty board certification • Breast Pathology, Genitourinary Pathology, • Blood Banking and Transfusion Medicine, Gastrointestinal Pathology American Board of Pathology Lubna Alattia, M.D. Kurt D. Bernacki, M.D. Cytopathologist and Surgical Pathologist, Trenton System Medical Director, Surgical Pathology Board certification Beaumont Health • Anatomic and Clinical Pathology, Chief, Pathology Laboratory, West Bloomfield American Board of Pathology Breast Care Center Subspecialty board certification Diagnostic Lead, Pulmonary Tumor Pathology • Cytopathology, American Board of Pathology Diagnostic
    [Show full text]
  • Pathology: a Career in Medicine the Study of the Nature of Disease, Its Causes, Processes, Development, and Consequences
    PATHOLOGY A Career in Medicine The Intersociety Council for Pathology Information (ICPI) www.pathologytraining.org 2015 Pathology: A Career in Medicine The study of the nature of disease, its causes, processes, development, and consequences. Pathology is the medical specialty that provides a scientific foundation for medical practice The pathologist is a physician who specializes in the diagnosis and management of human disease by laboratory methods. Pathologists function in three broad areas: as diagnosticians, as teachers, and as investigators. Fundamental to the discipline of pathology is the need to integrate clinical information with physiological, biochemical and molecular laboratory studies, together with observations of tissue alterations. Pathologists in hospital and clinical laboratories practice as consultant physicians, developing and applying knowledge of tissue and laboratory analyses to assist in the diagnosis and treatment of individual patients. As teachers, they impart this knowledge of disease to their medical colleagues, to medical students, and to trainees at all levels. As scientists, they use the tools of laboratory science in clinical studies, disease models, and other experimental systems, to advance the understanding and treatment of disease. Pathology has a special appeal to those who enjoy solving disease-related problems, using technologies based upon fundamental sciences ranging from biophysics to molecular genetics, as well as tools from the more traditional disciplines of anatomy, biochemistry, pharmacology, physiology and microbiology. The Pathologist in Patient Care The pathologist uses diagnostic and screening tests to identify and interpret the changes that characterize different diseases in the cells, tissues, and fluids of the body. Anatomic pathology involves the analysis of the A biosample robot prepares specimens for gross and microscopic structural changes caused by testing disease in tissues and cells removed during biopsy procedures, in surgery, or at autopsy.
    [Show full text]
  • Editorial Note on Medical Microbiology & Diagnosis – Clinical
    Manuscript no.- JMMD-2021-5 Article type- Editorial Received date- 20-01-2021 Accepted- 20-01-2021 Publish date-23-01-2021 Editorial Note on Medical Microbiology & Diagnosis – Clinical Microbial Pathology Tirpude RJ Defence Institute of Physiology and Allied Sciences Address for Correspondence: Tirpude RJ, Defence Institute of Physiology and Allied Sciences, Delhi - 110054, India. Tel-9869217101, E-mail: [email protected] Editorial Clinical pathology is concerned with the diagnosis of disease based on laboratory analysis of body fluids like urine and blood. It deals with the tools of microbiology like macroscopic, microscopic, analyzers and cultures. It covers microbiology, host-pathogen interaction and immunology related to infectious agents, including bacteria, fungi, viruses and protozoa. It also accepts papers in the field of clinical microbiology, with the exception of case reports. The pathogenesis of a disease is the biological mechanism that leads to the diseased state. It also describes the origin and development of the disease, and whether it is acute, chronic, or recurrent. Medical microbiology involves the identification of microorganisms for the diagnosis of infectious diseases and the assessment of likely response to specific therapeutic interventions. Major categories of organisms include bacteria, mycobacteria, fungi, viruses, and parasites. Microbiological methods combined with clinical symptoms, additional laboratory tests, and imaging techniques are used in combination to distinguish a true disease- associated infection from colonization with normal flora or other conditions, such as malignancies, inflammatory disorders, or autoimmune disorders, all of which have unique therapies and prognoses for the patient. Laboratories combine the use of traditional microscopy and culture methods, with a rapidly evolving set of molecular and proteomic techniques.
    [Show full text]
  • The Pathology of Cancer
    University of Massachusetts Medical School eScholarship@UMMS Cancer Concepts: A Guidebook for the Non- Oncologist Radiation Oncology 2018-08-03 The Pathology of Cancer Chi Young Ok The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center Et al. Let us know how access to this document benefits ou.y Follow this and additional works at: https://escholarship.umassmed.edu/cancer_concepts Part of the Cancer Biology Commons, Medical Education Commons, Neoplasms Commons, Oncology Commons, Pathological Conditions, Signs and Symptoms Commons, and the Pathology Commons Repository Citation Ok CY, Woda BA, Kurian E. (2018). The Pathology of Cancer. Cancer Concepts: A Guidebook for the Non- Oncologist. https://doi.org/10.7191/cancer_concepts.1023. Retrieved from https://escholarship.umassmed.edu/cancer_concepts/26 Creative Commons License This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-Noncommercial-Share Alike 4.0 License. This material is brought to you by eScholarship@UMMS. It has been accepted for inclusion in Cancer Concepts: A Guidebook for the Non-Oncologist by an authorized administrator of eScholarship@UMMS. For more information, please contact [email protected]. The Pathology of Cancer Citation: Ok CY, Woda B, Kurian E. The Pathology of Cancer. In: Pieters RS, Liebmann J, eds. Chi Young Ok, MD Cancer Concepts: A Guidebook for the Non-Oncologist. Worcester, MA: University of Massachusetts Bruce Woda, MD Medical School; 2017. doi: 10.7191/cancer_concepts.1023. Elizabeth Kurian, MD This project has been funded in whole or in part with federal funds from the National Library of Medicine, National Institutes of Health, under Contract No. HHSN276201100010C with the University of Massachusetts, Worcester.
    [Show full text]
  • Iatrogenic Neuromuscular Disorders
    Iatrogenic Neuromuscular Disorders Peter D. Donofrio, MD Anthony A. Amato, MD James F. Howard, Jr., MD Charles F. Bolton, MD, FRCP(C) 2009 COURSE G AANEM 56th Annual Meeting San Diego, California Copyright © October 2009 American Association of Neuromuscular & Electrodiagnostic Medicine 2621 Superior Drive NW Rochester, MN 55901 Printed by Johnson Printing Company, Inc. ii Iatrogenic Neuromuscular Disorders Faculty Anthony A. Amato, MD Charles F. Bolton, MD, FRCP(C) Department of Neurology Faculty Brigham and Women’s Hospital Department of Medicine Division of Neurology Harvard Medical School Queen’s University Boston, Massachusetts Kingston, Ontario, Canada Dr. Amato is the vice-chairman of the department of neurology and the Dr. Bolton was born in Outlook, Saskatchewan, Canada. He received director of the neuromuscular division and clinical neurophysiology labo- his medical degree from Queen’s University and trained in neurology ratory at Brigham and Women’s Hospital (BWH/MGH) in Boston. He is at the University Hospital, Saskatoon, Saskatchewan, Canada, and at also professor of neurology at Harvard Medical School. He is the director the Mayo Clinic. While at Mayo Clinic, he studied neuromuscular of the Partners Neuromuscular Medicine fellowship program. Dr. Amato disease under Dr. Peter Dyck, and electromyography under Dr. Edward is an author or co-author on over 150 published articles, chapters, and Lambert. Dr. Bolton has had academic appointments at the Universities books. He co-wrote the textbook Neuromuscular Disorders with Dr. Jim of Saskatchewan and Western Ontario, at the Mayo Clinic, and cur- Russell. He has been involved in clinical research trials involving patients rently at Queen’s University.
    [Show full text]
  • Clinical Laboratory: Anatomic Pathology
    Journal of Clinical and Molecular Pathology IPJCMPY-21-7740 Editorial Pdf No: e1 Clinical Laboratory: Anatomic Pathology Rahman Abdur* Department of Pathology, Shahabuddin Medical College Hospital, Dhaka, Bangladesh *Corresponding author: Abdur R, Department of Pathology, Shahabuddin Medical College Hospital, Dhaka, Bangladesh, E-mail: [email protected] Received date: March 11, 2021; Accepted date: March 24, 2021; Published date: March 31, 2021 Citation: Abdur R (2021) Clinical Laboratory: Anatomic Pathology. J Clin Mol Pathol Vol.5 No.1: e1 Description Anatomical pathology is the branch of medicine which involves the study of body organs and tissues i.e. the group of cells. Anatomical pathology is generally determined as one of the diagnostic branches of medicine along with the radiology and other pathology specialties like microbiology and chemical pathology. It has roles that include establishing the cause of some certain diseases and the effects that are having on the body, assisting with the choice of treatment which will be given, aiding in giving a diagnosis, prognosis and determining the reason or cause person’s death. Anatomical pathology is essential in those parts of medicine where a specimen of tissue or a sample of some tissue cells is taken from the respective patient and sent to the laboratory. In these situations anatomical pathology is the specialty that gives a definitive diagnosis and allows the clinicians to give the most appropriate advice and treatment to the patients. There are two main subdivisions for anatomical pathology. The first subdivision is the histopathology, which consists of the examination of sampled whole tissues under the microscope that is then often aided by the using of special staining techniques and other associated tests.
    [Show full text]