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Ira I E Y Teriu Huelgas Ensemble Paul Van Nevel yteriu iraie G010003145587T A European Christmas Tale yteriumiraie A European Christmas Tale 1300–1850 I. The birth in Bethlehem III. The travel of the three Kings Melchior, Caspar and Balthazar ANONYMOUS (c. 1300) ANONYMOUS (c. 1300) 1. Balaam de quo vaticinans à 3 . 2:22 9. Vincti presepio à 3 . 3:04 JACOBUS GALLUS (1550–1591) PIERRE DE MANCHICOURT (c. 1510–1564) 2. Myrabile Mysterium à 5 . 3:01 10. Reges Terrae à 6 . 6:00 JERÓNIMO LUCA (c. 1630) JAN PIETERSZOON SWEELINCK (1562–1621) 3. Este niño que es sol del Aurora à 2, 4 & 8 . 7:49 11. Ab Oriente à 5 . 5:21 ANONYMOUS (1871) PETER CORNELIUS (1824–1874) 4. A Carol for Christmas Eve à 4 . 3:21 12. Drei Könige wandern à 5 . 5:05 II. The crime of Herodes IV. Epilogue ANONYMOUS (c. 1320) BREVIARY OF PARIS (1736) 5. Hostis Herodes impie à 4 . 2:58 13. Quae stella sole pulchrior à 1 & 4 . 3:35 JEAN MOUTON (c. 1459–1522) ANTÓNIO MARQUES LÉSBIO (1639–1709) 6. Interrogabat Magos Herodes à 4 . 2:52 14. Dexen que llore mi niño à 1, 4 & 8 . 8:34 GIACHES DE WERT (1535–1596) 7. Vox in Rama à 5 . 3:56 BERTRAM LUARD-SELBY (1853–1918) 8. A voice from Ramah was there sent à 4 . 3:06 Total Time . 61:13 Die Weihnachtsgeschichte wird die legendäre Reise der drei Kö- Laufe der Jahrhunderte so bunt und nige weiter ergänzt und mit allerlei bildhaft ergänzt wurden, dass die als volkstümliche Anekdote exquisiten Details über ihre Merk- Kreativität von Miniaturisten, Kunst- male, ihre Herkunft und Hautfarbe malern, Schriftstellern, Dichtern und sowie die angebliche Begegnung mit Komponisten üppige Nahrung fand. Die Episode, in der die Geschichte dem Morgenland. Nur das Evangeli- König Herodes aufgebauscht. So wurde die Weihnachtsgeschichte der Geburt Jesu erzählt wird, ist un- um des Matthäus berichtet von dieser zur volkstümlichsten Episode aus der bestreitbar die populärste Textstelle geheimnisvollen Erscheinung, die Was diesen letzten Punkt betrifft: Na- Tradition der katholischen Kirche. im Neuen Testament, die zudem die drei anderen Evangelisten (Markus, hezu alle Historiker sind sich einig, Fantasie am meisten anspricht. Die Johannes und Lukas) erwähnen die- dass der Evangelist Matthäus die Es ist also offensichtlich, dass die malerische Beschreibung des Stalles, ses Tableau vivant mit keiner Silbe. Realität nolens volens verzerrt hat, liturgische Musik für die Weih- in dem die Geburt geschah, der bu- Auch die römischen und jüdischen wenn er von Herodes’ Befehl zur Tö- nachtszeit einen wichtigen Teil des kolische Hirtenbesuch, die exotische Geschichtsschreiber wie Flavius Jo- tung aller Kinder unter zwei Jahren geistlichen Repertoires im Kirchen- Erscheinung der Weisen aus dem sephus (37–100 n. Chr.), gleichwohl spricht. Herodes war in der Tat ein jahr ausmacht, und dies durch alle Morgenland und, last, but not least, Zeugen der ersten Stunde, berichten skrupelloser Diktator im Stile Sta- Stilperioden hindurch. Die drei an- der fürchterliche Kindermord des nirgendwo von diesem Ereignis. Dass lins, der aus Angst vor dem Verlust onymen mittelalterlichen Kom- König Herodes – diese bildstarken die Weisen zu dritt waren, wird erst des Throns auch nicht davor zurück- positionen auf dieser CD sind im Ereignisse haben im Laufe der Jahr- in Schriften aus dem dritten Jahr- schreckte, seine eigenen Kinder zu Ars-Antiqua-Stil des 13. Jahrhun- hunderte die Vorstellungskraft für hundert beschrieben. In der Traditi- ermorden. Aber es ist doch zu weit derts geschrieben. Das dreistimmige Mythen, Volksmärchen, apokryphe on der Ostkirche waren die Könige hergeholt, wenn Matthäus diese Balaam de quo vaticinans ist über Evangelien und verkehrte Textin- übrigens zu zwölft! Und erst in einer Untat bei der Geburt Jesu mit einbe- einem isorhythmischen gregoriani- terpretationen befeuert, wodurch Chronik aus dem achten Jahrhundert zieht und ihr Ausmaß ins Irreale stei- schen Cantus firmus aufgebaut; der Wahrheit und Fiktion kaum noch mit dem Titel »Excerpta latina bar- gert. Was davon nun wahr sein mag Text der rhythmisch lebhaften Ober- voneinander zu unterscheiden sind. bari« werden die Namen der drei Kö- – »se non è vero, è ben trovato«, stimme im Hoquetus-Stil handelt von nige genannt: Bithisarea, Melichior wenn’s nicht stimmt, so ist es doch der Prophezeiung des Balaam, der Ein Beispiel dafür ist die fremdlän- und Gathaspa – Balthasar, Melchior gut erfunden. Wichtig ist, dass die unter anderem die Ankunft der Köni- dische Beschreibung der Weisen aus und Kaspar. Ab diesem Jahrhundert Geschichten über die Geburt Jesu im ge in Bethlehem ankündigte. Das vierstimmige Hostis Herodes impie und Enharmonik, um das wunder- untröstlichen Mutter, die ihre Kinder zu erneuern. Zwei Werke aus diesem ist für vier Männerstimmen ge- same Mysterium der Geburt mit im Blutbad des Herodes verloren hat. populären Schatz kommen auf dieser schrieben und unterstreicht damit überraschend neuen Klangfarben CD zur Aufführung: das vielstimmi- den erbarmungslosen Charakter des darzustellen. Diese Drei-Königs-Mo- Weniger bekannt ist das sehr um- ge, recht sentimentale Este niño que Herodes. Vincti presepio ist ein drei- tetten verdeutlichen vor allem auch fangreiche Repertoire des spani- es sol und das an Wechseln zwischen stimmiger Conductus, dessen Stim- die Faszination, die diese Geschichte schen Villancico, ein sehr beliebtes einem doppelchörigen, imitativen men im Gegensatz zu den beiden auf die Komponisten ausübte, auch volkssprachiges Genre. Vor allem im Refrain und homophonen, vierstim- vorigen Stücken vollständig homo- wenn sie damals noch in der Sprache 16. und 17. Jahrhundert genoss es auf migen Coplas und Endexas reiche phon komponiert sind. der Liturgie verfasst war: Latein. der iberischen Halbinsel große Po- Dexen que llore. Dieses Villancico pularität, was dem einen ein Dorn fand sogar seinen Weg nach Südame- Auch zur Blütezeit der franzö- Das umfangreichste volkssprachige im Auge, für den anderen jedoch ein rika, und zwar im Gepäck der Jesu- sisch-flämischen Polyphonie der Weihnachtsrepertoire ist ohne jeden Segen war. Die Differenzen kamen iten und anderer Kolonisten des 18. Renaissance hat die Weihnachtsli- Zweifel die englische Christmas-Ca- aus einer Ecke, aus der man es nicht Jahrhunderts. turgie im Motetten-Repertoire viel rol-Tradition, und zwar durch alle vermutet hätte: In den Augen des spa- Beachtung bekommen. Die imitati- Jahrhunderte hindurch. Zwei we- nischen Königs Philipp II. waren die Paul Van Nevel ve Polyphonie wird von einigen he- niger bekannte Beispiele sind auf Villancicos, die auch und vor allem Übersetzung: Martina Fischer rausragenden Komponisten der dieser CD eingespielt. A Carol for während der liturgischen Dienste Renaissancekunst repräsentiert: von Christmas Eve wurde in einer der gesungen wurden, ein zu volkstüm- Jean Mouton mit dem innigen, stim- populärsten Sammlungen des 19. liches Phänomen und somit verbot er mungsvollen Interrogabat Magos, Jahrhunderts gedruckt und erschien im Jahr 1596, diese spanischen Kom- Pierre de Manchicourt mit seinem 1871 in Oxford unter der Redakti- positionen während der Liturgie in meisterhaft aufgebauten sechsstim- on des Organisten und Komponis- seiner Hofkapelle aufzuführen. Für migen Reges Terrae sowie von Ja- ten John Stainer. Wie die berühmte die spanische Kirche aber war diese cobus Gallus. Dessen fünfstimmiges Motette Vox in Rama von Giaches de Tradition eine unerwartete Unter- Werk Mirabile Mysterium hebt sich Wert beleuchtet A voice from Ramah stützung für die Gegenreformation von den anderen ab. Der Komponist die traurige Seite der Weihnachts- und sie regte die Komponisten an, das arbeitet hier sehr viel mit Chromatik geschichte: den Klagegesang der Villancico-Repertoire fortwährend The Christmas story elaborated and padded out with all fuelled the imagination of minia- manner of exquisite details relating turists, painters, writers, poets and as an anecdotal folktale to their characteristics, origins, skin composers. In this way the Christ- colour and even their alleged meet- mas story has become the most pop- ing with Herod. ular episode in the whole tradition of The episode in the Bible that describes the East. Only St Matthew’s Gos- the Catholic Church. the birth of the infant Jesus is un- pel reports on their mysterious ap- With regard to this last-named point, doubtedly the most popular passage pearance, whereas the other three almost all historians are in agree- It is clear, therefore, that liturgical in the whole of the New Testament Evangelists – Mark, John and Luke ment that in his Gospel Matthew music for the Christmas period con- and also the one that appeals the most – fail to mention it at all. Not even willy-nilly distorted the truth by stitutes an important part of the sa- to the world’s imagination. The pic- contemporary Latin and Jewish his- claiming that Herod ordered the kill- cred repertory. And this has been the turesque account of the stable where torians such as Flavius Josephus ( ing of all children under the age of case throughout every stylistic peri- the birth took place, the shepherds’ 37–100), although early witnesses of two. Herod was indeed an unscru- od. The three anonymous medieval bucolic visit, the exotic appearance of the events they describe, record this pulous dictator in the style of Stalin, works in the present release are writ- the Magi from the Orient and, last but episode. The claim that there were a man so afraid of losing his throne ten in the ars antiqua style of the 13th not least, the terrible act of infanticide three wise men is mentioned only in that he did not even shy away from century. The three-part Balaam de committed by King Herod – over the writings from the third century . murdering his own children. But it quo vaticinans is built up on an iso- centuries these powerful images and According to the tradition of the East- is surely far-fetched to associate this rhythmic Gregorian cantus fi rmus. the events associated with them have ern Church the kings normally went atrocity with the birth of Jesus and to The words in the rhythmically live- inspired generations of artists and around in groups of twelve! And not invest it with an unreal dimension.
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