THE FAMISHED ROAD Ben Okri
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Assessment of Bacterial and Fungal Spoilage of Some Nigerian Fermented and Unfermented Foods
Vol. 8(3), pp. 140-147, March 2014 DOI: 10.5897/AJFS2013.1059 ISSN 1996-0794 Copyright © 2014 African Journal of Food Science Author(s) retain the copyright of this article http://www.academicjournals.org/AJFS Full Length Research Paper Assessment of bacterial and fungal spoilage of some Nigerian fermented and unfermented foods Adebayo CO1, Aderiye BI2 and Akpor OB3* 1Department of Science Technology, Federal Polytechnic, Ado-Ekiti, Ekiti State, Nigeria. 2Department of Microbiology, Ekiti State University, Ado-Ekiti, Ekiti State, Nigeria. 3Department of Biological Sciences, Landmark University, Omu-Aran, Kwara State, Nigeria. Received 19 July, 2013; Accepted 26 February, 2014 The study was aimed at evaluating the microbial spoilage of selected Nigerian fermented and unfermented foods. A total of four fermented and unfermented food samples were used for this investigation. Microbial and sensory evaluations of the food products during storage were carried out using standard procedures. During storage, the bacteria counts were observed to range from 2.2 × 105 to 4.8 × 105 CFU/mL and from 2.5 × 103 to 5.0 × 104 CFU/mL, for the unfermented and fermented food products, respectively. Similarly, the fungal counts ranged from 1.8 × 103 to 2.9 × 103 CFU/mL and from 0 to 5.70 × 103 CFU/mL for the unfermented and fermented food samples, respectively. Klebsiella aerogenes, Lactobacillus plantarum, Leuconostoc sp., Micrococcus varians, Proteus mirabilis, Streptococcus faecalis, Staphylococcus epidermidis, Aspergillus niger, Aspergillus flavus, Cladosporium herbarum, Geotrichum candidum, Mucor mucedo, Neurospora sitophilia and Penicillium sp. bacteria and fungi that were recovered from the food samples during storage. The sensory evaluation of the food products showed the fermented ones being more acceptable to panelists than the unfermented ones. -
Ethnic Markets in the American Retail Landscape: African
ETHNIC MARKETS IN THE AMERICAN RETAIL LANDSCAPE: AFRICAN MARKETS IN COLUMBUS, CLEVELAND, CINCINNATI, AND AKRON, OHIO A dissertation submitted to Kent State University in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the degree of Doctor of Philosophy by Hyiamang Safo Odoom December 2012 Dissertation written by Hyiamang Safo Odoom B.A., University of Ghana,Ghana, 1980 M.S., University of Cape Coast, Ghana, 1991 Ph.D., Kent State University, 2012 Approved by ___________________________, Chair, Doctoral Dissertation Committee David H. Kaplan, Ph.D. ___________________________, Members, Doctoral Dissertation Committee Milton E. Harvey, Ph.D. ___________________________, Sarah Smiley, Ph.D. ___________________________, Steven Brown, Ph.D. ___________________________, Polycarp Ikuenobe, Ph.D. Accepted by ___________________________, Chair, Department of Geography Mandy Munro-Stasiuk, Ph.D. ___________________________, Dean, College of Arts and Sciences Timothy S. Moerland, Ph.D. ii TABLE OF CONTENTS LIST OF FIGURES ......................................................................................................... viii LIST OF TABLES ...............................................................................................................x ACKNOWLEDGMENTS ................................................................................................ xi CHAPTER ONE: THE AFRICAN MARKET/GROCERY STORE .................................1 Introduction…………………….……………………………….………………….1 What is a Market/African Market? ..........................................................................1 -
The International in Ben Okri's The Famished Road Colleen
Exploring the “Edge of Reality”: the International in Ben Okri’s The Famished Road Colleen Maher Honors Thesis Spring 2019 Maher 1 Abstract Ben Okri’s The Famished Road (1993) follows Azaro, an abiku child, and his family through life in an impoverished neighborhood in what can be assumed to Lagos, Nigeria, just before the advent of Nigerian independence. Okri says “[A] true invasion takes place not when a society has been taken over by another society in terms of its infrastructure, but in terms of its mind and its dreams and its myths, and its perception of reality” (qtd. in Hawley 32). Okri, like many magical realists, ultimately uses his novel as a means of resistance to Western epistemologies. Okri’s novel is exemplary of a localized mode of magical realism, and Okri uses the license of magical realism to explore the interpenetration of the national and, especially, the international within the local. This thesis examines the ways in which centrifugal and centripetal movements within the text suggest the potential for neocolonialism, while at the same time speculating a liberated future. The thesis concludes with an acknowledgement of the paradoxes extent within The Famished Road. Maher 2 Chapter One: A Famished Road, a Full Tradition With heady, visceral details and dizzying jumps in setting, deeply human characters and bizarre spirits, Ben Okri’s The Famished Road is more than reality. Okri’s novel follows the life of a young boy nicknamed Azaro living with his mother and father in a harsh neighborhood which they call their “ghetto” (Okri 82). -
Pattern of Dietary Carbohydrate Intake Among Urbanized Adult Nigerians
Pattern of dietary carbohydrate intake among urbanized adult Nigerians The Harvard community has made this article openly available. Please share how this access benefits you. Your story matters Citation Akarolo-Anthony, Sally N., Folake O. Odubore, Susan Yilme, Omolola Aragbada, George Odonye, Frank Hu, Walter Willett, Donna Spiegelman, and Clement A. Adebamowo. 2012. “Pattern of Dietary Carbohydrate Intake among Urbanized Adult Nigerians.” International Journal of Food Sciences and Nutrition 64 (3): 292–99. https://doi.org/10.3109/09637486.2012.746290. Citable link http://nrs.harvard.edu/urn-3:HUL.InstRepos:41384628 Terms of Use This article was downloaded from Harvard University’s DASH repository, and is made available under the terms and conditions applicable to Open Access Policy Articles, as set forth at http:// nrs.harvard.edu/urn-3:HUL.InstRepos:dash.current.terms-of- use#OAP NIH Public Access Author Manuscript Int J Food Sci Nutr. Author manuscript; available in PMC 2013 May 01. NIH-PA Author ManuscriptPublished NIH-PA Author Manuscript in final edited NIH-PA Author Manuscript form as: Int J Food Sci Nutr. 2013 May ; 64(3): 292–299. doi:10.3109/09637486.2012.746290. Pattern of dietary carbohydrate intake among urbanized adult Nigerians SALLY N. AKAROLO-ANTHONY1,2, FOLAKE O. ODUBORE2, SUSAN YILME2, OMOLOLA ARAGBADA2, GEORGE ODONYE2, FRANK HU1,3, WALTER WILLETT1,3, DONNA SPIEGELMAN3, and CLEMENT A. ADEBAMOWO1,2,4 1Department of Nutrition, Harvard School of Public Health, Boston, MA 02115, USA 2Office of Strategic Information and Research, Institute of Human Virology, Abuja, Nigeria 3Department of Epidemiology, Harvard School of Public Health, Boston, MA 02115, USA 4Department of Epidemiology and Public Health, Institute of Human Virology, University of Maryland, Baltimore, MD 21201, USA Abstract As the nutrition transition continues in Africa, it is crucial to identify population-specific dietary patterns. -
The Famished Road
The Famished Road The Famished Road: Ben Okri’s Imaginary Homelands Edited by Vanessa Guignery The Famished Road: Ben Okri’s Imaginary Homelands, Edited by Vanessa Guignery This book first published 2013 Cambridge Scholars Publishing 12 Back Chapman Street, Newcastle upon Tyne, NE6 2XX, UK British Library Cataloguing in Publication Data A catalogue record for this book is available from the British Library Copyright © 2013 by Vanessa Guignery and contributors All rights for this book reserved. No part of this book may be reproduced, stored in a retrieval system, or transmitted, in any form or by any means, electronic, mechanical, photocopying, recording or otherwise, without the prior permission of the copyright owner. ISBN (10): 1-4438-4534-5, ISBN (13): 978-1-4438-4534-2 TABLE OF CONTENTS Acknowledgements.....................................................................................................vii Introduction...................................................................................................................... 1 To See or not to See: Ben Okri’s The Famished Road Vanessa Guignery Chapter One ....................................................................................................................17 Ben Okri in Conversation Vanessa Guignery and Catherine Pesso-Miquel Chapter Two ...................................................................................................................30 Episodes and Passages: Spiralling Structure in Ben Okri’s The Famished Road Kerry-Jane Wallart Chapter Three -
Addition to Summer Letter
May 2020 Dear Student, You are enrolled in Advanced Placement English Literature and Composition for the coming school year. Bowling Green High School has offered this course since 1983. I thought that I would tell you a little bit about the course and what will be expected of you. Please share this letter with your parents or guardians. A.P. Literature and Composition is a year-long class that is taught on a college freshman level. This means that we will read college level texts—often from college anthologies—and we will deal with other materials generally taught in college. You should be advised that some of these texts are sophisticated and contain mature themes and/or advanced levels of difficulty. In this class we will concentrate on refining reading, writing, and critical analysis skills, as well as personal reactions to literature. A.P. Literature is not a survey course or a history of literature course so instead of studying English and world literature chronologically, we will be studying a mix of classic and contemporary pieces of fiction from all eras and from diverse cultures. This gives us an opportunity to develop more than a superficial understanding of literary works and their ideas. Writing is at the heart of this A.P. course, so you will write often in journals, in both personal and researched essays, and in creative responses. You will need to revise your writing. I have found that even good students—like you—need to refine, mature, and improve their writing skills. You will have to work diligently at revising major essays. -
Product Profiling and Gender in Cassava Breeding: an Integrated Approach Béla Teeken 2 6 J U L Y 2 0 1 7 Contributors
Product Profiling and Gender in Cassava Breeding: An integrated approach Béla Teeken 2 6 J U L Y 2 0 1 7 Contributors Peter Kulakow Chedozie Egesi Hale Ann Tufan Tessy Madu Abolore Bello Maria Justin-Okoro Durodola Owoade Joseph Onyeka Olamide Deborah Olaosebikan Ugo Chijioke Olabisi Ogunade Dominique Dufour Béla Teeken Chinelo Ezeocha Peter Iluebbey Outline • Background: preferred cassava traits in Nigeria • The need for tacit evaluation • Field trials as platforms of communication and interaction Facilitating the social science • Future preferences in relation to anticipated modes of production and processing for different (gendered) groups. • Intersectionality • The current setup • How to choose participants? A task group focus • Preliminary insights • Ways forward Background: cassava traits in Nigeria • In Nigeria cassava is used to make a great variety of food products such as gari. • Farmers add value to the crop by processing it. Processing cassava into gari in Ogun state Nigeria • Processing is mainly done by women. Þ Reasons of men and women to prefer • Research on preferred variety traits in varieties and traits differ but do not Nigeria showed that men and women contradict, but rather complement each prioritized similar traits such as early other maturing, in ground storability and Þ These reasons largely relate to the food quality traits. Ease of peeling and different cassava related work of women root size were mention more by and men women. Þ Traits are often described in a very general terms: ‘good to make gari’ or • 90 % of cassava food products is ‘good taste’, so difficult to express produced by smallholder farmers verbally Collaboration between breeders and social scientists through field trials: 1. -
An Experience in African Cuisine
AFRICAN FOOD SAFARI I will not provide you with hundreds of recipes I will introduce you to two or AN EXPERINCE IN three common to the regions of Nigeria, AFRICAN CUISINE Sudan, Ghana, Mali, Niger, Chad, Ivory Coast, Cameroon and surrounding Before you obtain your visa, buy and areas of the central part of Africa. pack your sun hat, Danhiki or Neru shirts, safari shorts, sunglasses, I will not spend time in this book on sunscreen, sun dresses and mosquito dishes that reflect Egypt, Morocco, nets, etc., I suggest that to you: Libya and Algeria due to the fact that these parts of North and North East Prepare yourself not only mentally, Africa are familiar with Mediterranean but physically as well, because the and Arabian based foods. most important thing that you have to internalize is that the type of food and For example, should you be in Angola, its preparation is: a little bit, somewhat there is a prevalence of Portuguese different, and most significantly, very, food. very different from what you are In Kenya, Tanzania and Somalia there accustomed to. is a drift into the East Indian Cuisine. South Africa drifts into the English Be prepared for this fact: None of the cuisine and The Congo, Belgium following foods are on the menu during cuisine. our safari: There is no cannelloni, tortellini, tamales, tortillas empanadas, Take your camera with you and let masala, rotis, shrimp fried rice or us go on a Safari. Don’t worry about samosas! Not even feta cheese! the lions, elephants, giraffes, hippos, cheetahs and rhinos. -
The Glycemic Index and Load of Different Nigerian Food Forms
International Research Journal of Biochemistry and Bioinformatics (ISSN-2250-9941) Vol. 7(1) pp. 001-011, March, 2017 DOI: http:/dx.doi.org/10.14303/irjbb.2017.010 Available online http://www.interesjournals.org/IRJBB Copyright © 2017 International Research Journals Full Length Research Paper The glycemic index and load of different Nigerian food forms Evans Egwim C and Gajere Y. Department Of Biochemistry Federal University Of Technology, Minna Niger State Nigeria Corresponding Author E-mail:- [email protected] Phone no: - +2347065809474, +2348065620363 ABSTRACT The knowledge of glycemic index (GI) and glycemic load (GL) of foods is essential for rational advice on calorie recommendation. Unfortunately, the GI and GL of many Nigerian food forms is not known and so the present study was designed to classify 30 Nigerian food forms into low, moderate and high glycemic loads (HGL). Eighteen (18) human volunteers, aged 16-24 years with a mean body mass index (BMI) of 22.59±1.51kg/m 2 were recruited and were separated into different groups to consume the test food forms consisting of 50g available carbohydrate (CHO) from different Nigerian food forms. Fasting blood glucose of the subjects was evaluated using Accu-chek active glucometer. The area under curve (AUC), GI and GL for the different food forms were calculated. The outcome of the analysis showed that 26.67% of the 30 Nigerian food forms are high GL food, 53.33% are moderate GL and 20.00% are low GL foods. Keywords: glycemic load, glycemic index, Carbohydrate, incremental area, glucose. INTRODUCTION The concept of glycemic index (GI) was introduced as a Low-GI CHO is the CHO that is digested and means of classifying different sources of carbohydrates absorbed slowly and led to a low glycemic response, (CHO) and CHO-rich diets. -
State of Knowledge for Gari/Eba in Nigeria Food Science, Gender & Market
State of Knowledge Report State Of Knowledge For Gari/Eba In Nigeria Food Science, Gender & Market Béla TEEKEN, International Institute on Tropical Agriculture (IITA), Ibadan, Nigeria Bello ABOLORE, IITA, Ibadan, Nigeria Olamide OLAOSEBIKAN, IITA, Ibadan, Nigeria Durodola OWOADE,IITA, Ibadan, Nigeria This report has been written in the framework of RTBfoods project. To be cited as: Béla TEEKEN, Bello ABOLORE, Olamide OLAOSEBIKAN, Durodola OWSOADE. 2018. State Of Knowledge For Gari/Eba In Nigeria. Food Science, Gender & Market. Ibadan, (Nigeria). RTBfoods Project Report, 23 p. Image cover page © Dufour D. for RTBfoods. 1 CONTENTS TABLE OF CONTENTS 1. Introduction .................................................................................................................................. 6 2. General processing steps based on regions and ethnic groups. ................................................... 6 2.1. Different types of gari ............................................................................................................ 9 2.2. Adding of palm oil to gari ....................................................................................................... 9 2.3. Swelling (volume increase of the gari and eba) and water absorption capacity. .................. 10 2.4. Color as part of “attractiveness”- a key characteristic ......................................................... 12 3. Gender aspects of social segmentation & demand ..................................................................... 14 4. Gaps and -
The Genre of Food Culture in My Life by Aderonke
The Genre of Food Culture in My Life By Aderonke Ayoknmbi Aderonke attended my English 1301 course during the summer of 2016 and it was clear from the start that she is a dedicated student and hard-working writer. On numerous occasions, she visited during office hours so we could plan and discuss her various assignments. Though she has not taken a class with me in some time, Aderonke continues to stop by my office, update me on her life, and ask for my input related to her writing. She is a wonderful, enthusiastic, and positive person and her energy is infectious both inside and outside of the classroom. Her personality becomes part of her papers, and she shares a bit of her family and life histories in the assignment that investigates food culture. Aderonke chose to compare and contrast her parents’ food practices as well as the influences from her time in Canada and in the US. She was open to the revision process at various points and her work reveals that dedication and commitment. ---English Professor Erin Ranft Food culture is made up of the different foods, types of ingredients, serving habits, preparation, cultural influences and methods of consumption which make up a person’s life. When asked what our food culture is, we may hesitate and say we don’t know, but according to Richard Wilk, an anthropology professor at the University of Indiana and the head of its food studies program, '"The first social experience we have is being put to the breast or bottle,,,” (qtd in Choi). -
A Postmodernist Representation in Ben Okri's
A POSTMODERNIST REPRESENTATION IN BEN OKRI’S THE FAMISHED ROAD AND FLOWERS AND SHADOWS BY TARR, MATHIAS DEPARTMENT OF ENGLISH AND LITERARY STUDIES, FACULTY OF ARTS, AHMADU BELLO UNIVERSITY, ZARIA, NIGERIA SEPTEMBER, 2018 i A POSTMODERNIST REPRESENTATION IN BEN OKRI’S THE FAMISHED ROAD AND FLOWERS AND SHADOWS BY TARR, MATHIAS BA (Hons) English Literature (ABU, Zaria) 2006 [P13AREN8096] A DISSERTATION SUBMITTED TO THE SCHOOL OF POSTGRADUATE STUDIES AHMADU BELLO UNIVERSITY, ZARIN IN PARTIAL FULFILLMENT OF THE REQUIREMENTS FOR THE AWARD OF MASTER DEGREE IN ENGLISH LITERATURE DEPARTMENT OF ENGLISH AND LITERARY STUDIES, FACULTY OF ARTS, AHMADU BELLO UNIVERSITY, ZARIA, NIGERIA SEPTEMBER, 2018 ii Declaration I, declare that the work in this hereby dissertation titled: A POSTMORDENIST REPRESENTATION IN BEN OKRI’S THE FAMISHED ROAD AND FLOWERS AND SHADOWS has been carried out by me in the Department of English and Literary studies. The information derived from the literature has been duly acknowledged in the text and a list of references provided. No part of this dissertation was previously presented for another degree or diploma at this or any institution. TARR, Mathias Date iii Certification This dissertation titled ―A Postmodernist Representation in Ben Okri’s The Famished Road and Flowers and Shadows by TARR, Mathias meets the regulations governing the award of the degree of Master of Arts in English (Literature) of the Ahmadu Bello University, Zaria and is approved for its contribution to knowledge and literary presentation. Professor Tainmu A. Abubakar Chairman, Supervisory Committee signature Date Professor E.S Akuso Member, Supervisory Committee Signature Date Professor T.Y Surakat Head of Department Signature Date Professor Sadiq Z.