Minorities in India
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Reassessing Religion and Politics in the Life of Jagjivan Ram¯
religions Article Reassessing Religion and Politics in the Life of Jagjivan Ram¯ Peter Friedlander South and South East Asian Studies Program, School of Culture History and Language, College of Asia and the Pacific, Australian National University, Canberra, ACT 2600, Australia; [email protected] Received: 13 March 2020; Accepted: 23 April 2020; Published: 1 May 2020 Abstract: Jagjivan Ram (1908–1986) was, for more than four decades, the leading figure from India’s Dalit communities in the Indian National Congress party. In this paper, I argue that the relationship between religion and politics in Jagjivan Ram’s career needs to be reassessed. This is because the common perception of him as a secular politician has overlooked the role that his religious beliefs played in forming his political views. Instead, I argue that his faith in a Dalit Hindu poet-saint called Ravidas¯ was fundamental to his political career. Acknowledging the role that religion played in Jagjivan Ram’s life also allows us to situate discussions of his life in the context of contemporary debates about religion and politics. Jeffrey Haynes has suggested that these often now focus on whether religion is a cause of conflict or a path to the peaceful resolution of conflict. In this paper, I examine Jagjivan Ram’s political life and his belief in the Ravidas¯ ¯ı religious tradition. Through this, I argue that Jagjivan Ram’s career shows how political and religious beliefs led to him favoring a non-confrontational approach to conflict resolution in order to promote Dalit rights. Keywords: religion; politics; India; Congress Party; Jagjivan Ram; Ravidas;¯ Ambedkar; Dalit studies; untouchable; temple building 1. -
Dalit Theology and Indian Christian History in Dialogue: Constructive and Practical Possibilities
religions Article Dalit Theology and Indian Christian History in Dialogue: Constructive and Practical Possibilities Andrew Ronnevik Department of Religion, Baylor University, Waco, TX 76706, USA; [email protected] Abstract: In this article, I consider how an integration of Dalit theology and Indian Christian history could help Dalit theologians in their efforts to connect more deeply with the lived realities of today’s Dalit Christians. Drawing from the foundational work of such scholars as James Massey and John C. B. Webster, I argue for and begin a deeper and more comprehensive Dalit reading and theological analysis of the history of Christianity and mission in India. My explorations—touching on India’s Thomas/Syrian, Catholic, Protestant, and Pentecostal traditions—reveal the persistence and complexity of caste oppression throughout Christian history in India, and they simultaneously draw attention to over-looked, empowering, and liberative resources that are bound to Dalit Christians lives, both past and present. More broadly, I suggest that historians and theologians in a variety of contexts—not just in India—can benefit from blurring the lines between their disciplines. Keywords: Dalit theology; history of Indian Christianity; caste; liberation 1. Introduction In the early 1980s, Christian scholars in India began to articulate a new form of Citation: Ronnevik, Andrew. 2021. theology, one tethered to the lives of a particular group of Indian people. Related to libera- Dalit Theology and Indian Christian tion theology, postcolonialism, and Subaltern Studies, Dalit theology concentrates on the History in Dialogue: Constructive voices, experiences, and aspirations of India’s so-called “untouchables”, who constitute the and Practical Possibilities. -
CASTE SYSTEM in INDIA Iwaiter of Hibrarp & Information ^Titntt
CASTE SYSTEM IN INDIA A SELECT ANNOTATED BIBLIOGRAPHY Submitted in partial fulfilment of the requirements for the award of the degree of iWaiter of Hibrarp & information ^titntt 1994-95 BY AMEENA KHATOON Roll No. 94 LSM • 09 Enroiament No. V • 6409 UNDER THE SUPERVISION OF Mr. Shabahat Husaln (Chairman) DEPARTMENT OF LIBRARY & INFORMATION SCIENCE ALIGARH MUSLIM UNIVERSITY ALIGARH (INDIA) 1995 T: 2 8 K:'^ 1996 DS2675 d^ r1^ . 0-^' =^ Uo ulna J/ f —> ^^^^^^^^K CONTENTS^, • • • Acknowledgement 1 -11 • • • • Scope and Methodology III - VI Introduction 1-ls List of Subject Heading . 7i- B$' Annotated Bibliography 87 -^^^ Author Index .zm - 243 Title Index X4^-Z^t L —i ACKNOWLEDGEMENT I would like to express my sincere and earnest thanks to my teacher and supervisor Mr. Shabahat Husain (Chairman), who inspite of his many pre Qoccupat ions spared his precious time to guide and inspire me at each and every step, during the course of this investigation. His deep critical understanding of the problem helped me in compiling this bibliography. I am highly indebted to eminent teacher Mr. Hasan Zamarrud, Reader, Department of Library & Information Science, Aligarh Muslim University, Aligarh for the encourage Cment that I have always received from hijft* during the period I have ben associated with the department of Library Science. I am also highly grateful to the respect teachers of my department professor, Mohammadd Sabir Husain, Ex-Chairman, S. Mustafa Zaidi, Reader, Mr. M.A.K. Khan, Ex-Reader, Department of Library & Information Science, A.M.U., Aligarh. I also want to acknowledge Messrs. Mohd Aslam, Asif Farid, Jamal Ahmad Siddiqui, who extended their 11 full Co-operation, whenever I needed. -
Elixir Journal
54130 Mr. Amit Shindhe and S. C. Natikar/ Elixir Social Studies 139 (2020) 54130-54133 Available online at www.elixirpublishers.com (Elixir International Journal) Social Studies Elixir Social Studies 139 (2020) 54130-54133 Status of Dalit Christians in India Mr. Amit Shindhe and S.C.Natikar Department of Sociology, Karnatak University, Dharwad. ARTICLE INFO ABSTRACT Article history: Dalit Christian is not recognised as a valid social category in India. Hence, they are not Received: 3 February 2020; covered under any compensatory measures such as reservations and special legal Received in revised form: safeguards which are otherwise extended to Dalits who belong to Hindu, Sikh and 23 February 2020; Buddhist communities, though caste-based prejudices are strong in Christianity and Dalit Accepted: 27 February 2020; Christians too face similar forms of discrimination and exclusion as other Dalits. Though there is enough evidence in social science literature on the identity issues and Keywords discrimination faced by Dalit Christians, there remains several other questions to be Dalit, addressed alongside while examining the claim for group-specific policy interventions Christianity, for Dalit Christians. The most important one possibly is the caste-religion interface of Religion. non-Hindu Dalits. This is significant in the context that religion is the primary criterion to officially define Scheduled Castes in India as per the Constitutional Order of 1950. As per the formal definition ―no person who confesses a religion different from the Hindu, Sikh and Buddhist religious conviction shall be considered to be a member of Scheduled Castes.‖ This paper attempts to address some of the questions using the available literature and official data. -
R E S U M E of the Business Transacted by the Rajya Sabha 246Th Session
PARLIAMENT OF INDIA RAJYA SABHA R E S U M E OF THE BUSINESS TRANSACTED BY THE RAJYA SABHA 246TH SESSION (18th July to 10th August, 2018) Rajya Sabha Secretariat, New Delhi (Website –http://rajyasabha.nic.in) P R E F A C E This publication contains a brief resume of the business transacted by the Rajya Sabha during its Two Hundred and Forty Sixth Session. NEW DELHI; DESH DEEPAK VERMA —————— Secretary-General. September 20, 2018 C O N T E N T S PAGES 1. Summons 1 2. Duration of the Session 1 3. National Anthem 1 4. Oath or Affirmation 2 5. Obituary References 3-5 6. References by the Chair 6-7 7. Felicitations by the Chair 8 8. Papers Laid on the Table 9-13 9. Reports/Statem ents of the Committees Presented/Laid on the 14-16 Table 10. Election of Deputy Chairman 16 11. Felicitations to the Deputy Chairman 17 12. Leave of Absence 17 13. Announcements by the Chair 17-18 14. Ruling by the Chair 18-19 15. Observations by the Chair 20 16. Cancellation of Sitting of Rajya Sabha 20 17. Messages from the Lok Sabha-Reported/Government Bills 20 Laid on the Table 18. Recommendations of the Business Advisory Committee 21 19. Statements regarding Government Business 21 20. Motions f or Election of Members to various 21 Committees/Bodies 21. Motion for Extension of time for Presentation of the Report 22 of the Select Committee on the Ancient Monuments and Archaeological Sites and Remains (Amendment) Bill, 2018 22. Matters raised with permission 22-32 23. -
LIST of RECOGNISED NATIONAL PARTIES (As on 11.01.2017)
LIST OF RECOGNISED NATIONAL PARTIES (as on 11.01.2017) Sl. Name of the Name of President/ Address No. Party General secretary 1. Bahujan Samaj Ms. Mayawati, Ms. Mayawati, Party President President Bahujan Samaj Party 4, Gurudwara Rakabganj Road, New Delhi –110001. 2. Bharatiya Janata Shri Amit Anilchandra Shri Amit Anilchandra Shah, Party Shah, President President Bharatiya Janata Party 11, Ashoka Road, New Delhi – 110001 3. Communist Party Shri S. Sudhakar Reddy, Shri S. Sudhakar Reddy, of India General Secretary General Secretary, Communist Party of India Ajoy Bhawan, Kotla Marg, New Delhi – 110002. 4. Communist Party Shri Sitaram Yechury, Shri Sitaram Yechury, of General Secretary General Secretary India (Marxist) Communist Party of India (Marxist) ,A.K.Gopalan Bhawan,27-29, Bhai Vir Singh Marg (Gole Market), New Delhi - 110001 5. Indian National Smt. Sonia Gandhi, Smt. Sonia Gandhi, Congress President President Indian National Congress 24,Akbar Road, New Delhi – 110011 6. Nationalist Shri Sharad Pawar, Shri Sharad Pawar, Congress Party President President Nationalist Congress Party 10, Bishambhar Das Marg, New Delhi-110001. 7. All India Ms. Mamta Banerjee, All India Trinamool Congress, Trinamool Chairperson 30-B, Harish Chatterjee Street, Congress Kolkata-700026 (West Bengal). LIST OF STATE PARTIES (as on 11.01.2017) S. No. Name of the Name of President/ Address party General Secretary 1. All India Anna The General Secretary- No. 41, Kothanda Raman Dravida Munnetra in-charge Street, Chennai-600021, Kazhagam (Tamil Nadu). (Puratchi Thalaivi Amma), 2. All India Anna The General Secretary- No.5, Fourth Street, Dravida Munnetra in-charge Venkatesware Nagar, Kazhagam (Amma), Karpagam Gardens, Adayar, Chennai-600020, (Tamil Nadu). -
Urdu and the Racialized- Decastification of the “Backward Musalmaan” in India
Article CASTE: A Global Journal on Social Exclusion Vol. 1, No. 1, pp. 175–199 February 2020 brandeis.edu/j-caste ISSN 2639-4928 DOI: 10.26812/caste.v1i1.29 The Identity of Language and the Language of Erasure: Urdu and the Racialized- Decastification of the “Backward Musalmaan” in India Sanober Umar1 (Bluestone Rising Scholar Honorable Mention 2019) Abstract The decline of Urdu in post-colonial Uttar Pradesh has often been studied alongside the fall of Muslim representation in public services and the ‘job market’ in independent India. However, there remains a severe dearth in scholarship that intertwines the tropes surrounding Urdu as ‘foreign’ to India and the role that the racialization of the language played in insidiously collaborating with post-colonial governmentality which problematically ‘decastified’ and therefore circumscribed the production of ‘Muslim minority’ citizen identity. I argue that since the 1950s the polemics of Urdu and reasons cited for its lack of institutional recognition as a regional/linguistic minority language in Uttar Pradesh (until 1994) significantly informed the constitutional construction of ‘the casteless Muslim’ in the same stage setting era of the 1950s. These seemingly disparate sites of language and caste worked together to systematically deprive some of the most marginalised lower caste and Dalit Muslims access to affirmative action as their cultural-political economies witnessed a drastic fall in the early decades after Partition. This article addresses the connections between the production -
Compliance Or Defiance? the Case of Dalits and Mahadalits
Kunnath, Compliance or defiance? COMPLIANCE OR DEFIANCE? THE CASE OF DALITS AND MAHADALITS GEORGE KUNNATH Introduction Dalits, who remain at the bottom of the Indian caste hierarchy, have resisted social and economic inequalities in various ways throughout their history.1 Their struggles have sometimes taken the form of the rejection of Hinduism in favour of other religions. Some Dalit groups have formed caste-based political parties and socio-religious movements to counter upper-caste domination. These caste-based organizations have been at the forefront of mobilizing Dalit communities in securing greater benefits from the Indian state’s affirmative action programmes. In recent times, Dalit organizations have also taken to international lobbying and networking to create wider platforms for the promotion of Dalit human rights and development. Along with protest against the caste system, Dalit history is also characterized by accommodation and compliance with Brahmanical values. The everyday Dalit world is replete with stories of Dalit communities consciously or unconsciously adopting upper-caste beliefs and practices. They seem to internalize the negative images and representations of themselves and their castes that are held and propagated by the dominant groups. Dalits are also internally divided by caste, with hierarchical rankings. They themselves thus often seem to reinforce and even reproduce the same system and norms that oppress them. This article engages with both compliance and defiance by Dalit communities. Both these concepts are central to any engagement with populations living in the context of oppression and inequality. Debates in gender studies, colonial histories and subaltern studies have engaged with the simultaneous existence of these contradictory processes. -
India - Trinidad & Tobago Relations
India - Trinidad & Tobago Relations Historical Perspective: Relationship between India and Trinidad & Tobago goes back to 30 May 1845 when the first ship ‘Fatel Razack’ carrying 225 Indian indentured workers reached the shores of Trinidad, then a British colony. Their numbers increased with subsequent arrival of more ships from India. The descendents of those indentured workers, now in their fifth generation, form nearly 42% of the total population constituting an integral part of the economic, political and social fabric of the country. The presence of a substantial population of Indian origin (the largest ethnic group) has contributed immensely to close bilateral relations between the two countries. Visit of Prime Minister Kamla Persad-Bissessar to India in January 2012 : Prime Minister Kamla Persad-Bissessar (KPB) paid a State visit to India from 5-14 January 2012. PMKPB was accompanied by a high level delegation comprising 7 Cabinet Ministers and a 160-member strong delegation from the private and public sectors besides representatives from tertiary institutions and PSUs. During the visit a number of agreements and MOUs were signed. She was also Chief Guest at PBD 2012 in Jaipur and was conferred with the PBSA. Visit of Prime Minister Dr. Manmohan Singh to Trinidad & Tobago : Prime Minister Dr. Manmohan Singh led a high level delegation for CHOGM Summit in November 2009. Recent visits: During the last two years there have been several bilateral Ministerial/official level visits from India. Important among them are visit of Hon'ble General (Dr.) V.K. Singh, Minister of State for External Affairs (April 2017); Hon'ble Members of Parliament (Lok Sabha), Smt. -
Dalits and Labour in Nepal: Discrimination and Forced Labour
Decent Work for all Women and Men in Nepal International Labour Office Nepal Dalits and Labour in Nepal: Discrimination and Forced Labour Series 5 Decent Work for all Women and Men in Nepal Dalits and Labour in Nepal: Discrimination and Forced Labour Series 5 International Labour Organization ILO in Nepal Copyright © International Labour Organization 2005 First published 2005 Publications of the International Labour Office enjoy copyright under Protocol 2 of the Universal Copyright Convention. Nevertheless, short excerpts from them may be reproduced without authorization, on condition that the source is indicated. For rights of reproduction or translation, application should be made to the Publications Bureau (Rights and Permissions), International Labour Office, CH-1211 Geneva 22, Switzerland. The International Labour Office welcomes such applications. Libraries, institutions and other users registered in the United Kingdom with the Copyright Licensing Agency, 90 Tottenham Court Road, London W1T 4LP [Fax: (+44) (0)20 7631 5500; email: [email protected]], in the United States with the Copyright Clearance Center, 222 Rosewood Drive, Danvers, MA 01923 [Fax: (+1) (978) 750 4470; email: [email protected]] or in other countries with associated Reproduction Rights Organizations, may make photocopies in accordance with the licenses issued to them for this purpose. Dalits and Labour in Nepal: Discrimination and Forced Labour Kathmandu, Nepal, International Labour Office, 2005 ISBN 92-2-115351-7 The designations employed in ILO publications, which are in conformity with United Nations practice, and the presentation of material therein do not imply the expression of any opinion whatsoever on the part of the International Labour Office concerning the legal status of any country, area or territory or of its authorities, or concerning the delimitation of its frontiers. -
A Study on the Socio-Economic Status of Indigenous Peoples in Nepal
A Study on the Socio-Economic Status of Indigenous Peoples in Nepal Study Team: Dr. Chaitanya Subba Pro. Dr. Bishwamber Pyakuryal Mr. Tunga Shiromani Bastola Mr. Mohan Khajum Subba Mr. Nirmal Kumar Raut Mr. Baburam Karki A Study on the Socio-Economic Status of Indigenous Peoples in Nepal Copyright © 2014 The authors, Lawyers' Association for Human Rights of Nepalese Indigenous Peoples (LAHURNIP) and The International Work Group for Indigenous Affairs (IWGIA), 2014-All Rights Researved. Published by Lawyers' Association for Human Rights of Nepalese Indigenous Peoples (LAHURNIP) Ghattekulo-Anamnagar, Kathmandu Nepal Tel : 977-01-4770710 P.O.Box, 11179, Sundhara, Kathmandu E-mail :[email protected] website: www.lahurnip.org This book has been published with financial support from The International Work Group for Indigenous Affairs (IWGIA) Classengade 11 E, DK 2100-Copenhagen, Denmark Tel (+45) 35 27 05 00 - Fax (+45) 35 27 05 07 E-mail : [email protected] Web : www.iwgia.org First Edition: 2014 1000 Copies No part of this publication may be reproduced, stored in a retrival system or transmitted, in any form or by any means, electronic, mechanical, photocopying, recording or otherwise, without prior permission. CONTENTS Preface i Executive Summary iii CHAPTER 1 INTRODUCTION 1 1. Context 1 2. Objectives of the Study 8 3. Expected output 8 4. Tasks assigned 8 CHAPTER 2 METHODOLOGY 10 2.1. Background 10 2.2. Nepal Living Standards Survey 2010/11 11 2.3. Level of Data Disaggregation 13 2.4. Analyses and Contents of the Report 22 CHAPTER 3 POVERTY 24 3.1. Frame of Reference 24 3.2. -
Parachuters Vs. Climbers: Economic Consequences of Barriers to Political Entry in a Democracy
PLEASE DO NOT CIRCULATE WITHOUT PERMISSION FROM THE AUTHOR Parachuters vs. Climbers: Economic Consequences of Barriers to Political Entry in a Democracy Aaditya Dar∗ Please click here for the latest version Abstract How does political selection impact local economic growth? I study the role of a legisla- tor’s background prior to joining politics and conduct primary research to compile an original dataset of politicians’ biographies. Observing the entry route of politicians allows me to clas- sify them as ‘parachuters’ — those who are hereditary/dynastic or are part of the local socio- economic/cultural elite — and ‘climbers’, those who have made their way by rising up the ranks. I document three key results: one, barriers to political entry and post-colonial elite persistence have perverse economic consequences. Findings from a close election regression discontinuity design indicate that electing parachuters leads to 0.2 percentage point lower GDP growth per year compared to constituencies where climbers are elected. Two, a leader’s entry route is a sig- nicant feature of political selection, even after controlling for conventional ascriptive identities such as sex, religion and ethnicity. Three, there is suggestive evidence that the impact is driven by misallocation of bureaucratic resources and neither regulation of technology adoption nor factor price manipulation are the underlying mechanisms. Keywords: Political Economy, Political selection, Dynastic politics, Economic Development. JEL codes: D72, O12, N45 ∗George Washington University. Address: Department of Economics, 2115 G St., NW, Monroe 340, Washington, DC 20052; Email: [email protected]. I am indebted to Ashwani Kumar, Sanjay Kabir, Sanjay Paswan, Shaibal Gupta, Srikant and all anonymous respondents for their time and support in completing the data collection for this study.