THE AMERICAN 20c.SEPTEMBER19 69

MAGAZINE

Whafs happening in Red China? For people who are not ashamed of having brains.

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The American SEPTEMBER 1969

Volume 87, Number 3

CHANGE OF ADDRESS: Notify Circulation Dept., P. O. Box 1954, Indianapolis, Ind., 46206 using Post Office Form 3578. Attach old address label and give old and new addresses with ZIP Code number and current membership cnrd nnnibpi. Arl LEGION .Also be sure to notify your Post j utant. The American Legion Magazine Editorial & Advertising Offices 720 Fifth Avenue New York, New York 10019 Magazine PuhlUhcr, James V. O'Neil Editor Robert H. Pitkin

.4rt Editor Al Marshall Contents for September 1969 Assistant Editors John Andreola Mario V. Lubrano

Associate Editors WHAT'S HAPPENING IN RED CHINA? 8 Roy Miller A STAFF SUMMARY James S. Swartz Assistant Art Editor A look at the results of the battle for control that has been raging Walter H. Boll in Red China over the past ten years. Production Manager \rt Bretzfield

Copy Editor Hanford THE STORY OF THE AMERICAN CLIPPER SHIPS 14 Grail S. BY LYNWOOD Circulation Manager MARK RHODES Dran B. NrNon A history of the brief heyday of American clipper ships—the climax ludiaiiapoliv. Ind. of the age of sail—and of the men and Advertising Sales Representatives sometimes women who sailed them New York—Chicago Kohrrt Koddon A>?sorialcs. Inc. Ill West 57th Streel Nexv York, N.Y. 10019 WHAT WE KNOW ABOUT HEADACHES 20 212-216-2516 BY JULES SALTMAN California J F. Puhliblii-ry' Representative Co. The basic facts about headaches as developed by intense study 8380 Melrose Avenue over the last quarter of a century—chiefly at Lus \ngelcs, California 90069 New York's Montefiore Hospital. 120 Market Streel San f ranciseo, California 91111 The American Legion Publications Commission: Pourrs, Mncon, Gn. (Chairman SHOULD THE U.S. CONTINUE TO ASSIST James E. }; COLLEGES Benianiin li. 1'riiskoski, Bristol. Conn, ( Vice WHERE CAMPUS DISORDERS EXIST? 24 Cltnirman): Janirs R. Kelley, Radnor. Pa. (National Commander^ s Representative) : Lang TWO SIDES OF A NATIONAL QUESTION Xrinstrong. Spokane, JVash.; Charles E. Booth,

pro: sen. gale W. McGEE (D-WYO.) Huntington, If . Va. ; Adolph F. Bremer, con: sen. NORRIS COTTON (R-N.H.) U'inona, Minn.; Clovis Copeland, Little Rock^

irk. ; Raymond Fields, Guymon, Okla. Milford A. Forrester, Greenville. S.C.; Chris Hernandez, Savannah, Ga.; My Mo S. Kraja,

Youngstoivn, Ohio ; Russell H. Laird, Des HOW THE LEGION GOT ITS CHARTER Moines, loiva; Frank C. Love, Syracuse. N.Y.; 26 Morris Meyer. Starkville, Miss.; J. H. Morris, A 50th ANNIVERSARY FEATURE Baton Rouge, La.; Harry H. Scliaffer. Pitts- burgh. Pa.; Stephen F. Steele. Faribault, BY R. B. PITKIN Minn.; Bradley J. Stephens, Los Altos, Calif.;

Fifty years ago this Sept. 16, President Wilson signed the first George B. Stover, Jonestoun. Pa. ; Wayne L. Talbert, Delphi. Ind. Cornelius Tromp, Congressional Charter for a veterans organization—the ; J. Manhattan. III.; Robert H. Wilder, Dadeville, Legion's. Here's the story, much of it based on the Ala.; E. Meade Wilson, Mulberry, Fla.;

memory and records of the still-active Edward McSweeney, . A^eit; York, N.Y. (Con- Legionnaire who secured the Charter. sultant)

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THE AMERICAN LEGION MAGAZINE • SEPTEMBER 1969 turned to the British, seeking a treaty under the terms of which Vermont was LETTERS TO THE EDITOR to become a British province. No evi- dence is on record as to Ira's real mo- tives, but it is assumed that his action was meant to force the Continental Congress to reverse its stand. The Letters published do not necessarily ex- hova and the Continental Congress," press the policy of The Ainerican Legion. theory that Ira was more important Keep letters short. Name and address must did not fit his temperament at all. than Ethan in achieving independence be furnished. Expressions of opinion arid E.A. BowEN, M.D. requests for personal services are appreci- for Vermont, however, is a shaky one. ated, but they cannot be acknowledged or Chepachet, R.I. answered, due to lack of inagazine staff for these purposes. Requests for personal seri>- MAIL CALL VIETNAM ices which be legitimately asked of Author Wolkomir replies: "My source may sir: I sincerely wish to thank you for The American Legion should be made to for that remark is the book 'A Narra- your Post Seriuce Officer or your state publishing my letter concerning "Mail tive of Allen's (Department) American Legion Hq. Send Colonel Ethan Cap- Call Vietnam" in your July issue. letters to the editor to: Letters. The tivity,' which was, of course, written American Legion IVIagazine, 720 5i\i Ave- Many of your readers have already re- nue, New York, N.Y. 10019. by Ethan Allen himself. Historians dis- sponded by sending cards and letters of- agree on what his first to the words fering us assistcince in our efforts. It is British actually were. One says he men- truly heartening to know that so many tioned rats, another says loosed VERMONT'S WILD GIANT he a do care. profanity. But when asked by what au- sir: With reference to Richard Wolk- Thomas D. Treacy, National Director thority he trespassed on Crown terri- "Mail Call Vietnam" omir's article, "Ethan Allen . . . Ver- tory, he said he answered as I have mont's Wild Giant" (July), I would like Villanova University quoted him." to point out that, according to Prof. Wil- Villanova, Pa. 19085 liam MacDonald, who was head of the sir: You failed to make any reference to History Department at Brown Univer- REMEMBERING IKE Ira Allen, Ethan's brother. Many Ver- sity for many years before and after sir: I was greatly impressed with "Some will tell that it 1913, Ethan Allen actually shouted at monters you was Ira's Recollections of Eisenhower" in your the British commander at Fort Ticon- cleverness that was really behind the June issue. deroga, "Surrender, you damn rats." creation of the state of Vermont. It was my privilege to introduce Gen- This statement was gathered from James M. Brown eral Eisenhower at his first public ap- diaries kept by Allen's fellow officers Chicago, III. pearance just after he returned from who were present with him. Germany. He was the only speaker at Allen was a tough man, liked his grog Ira Allen was official representative in the annual banquet of the National Rifle and swore like a trooper and that ex- negotiations seeking Vermont's inde- Association in Washington in 1946. I had clamation made before the British com- pendence. When the Continental Con- just been elected president of the NRA. mander, "In the name of the Great Je- gress refused to recognize Vermont, Ira (Continued on page 6)

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4 THE AMERICAN LEGION MAGAZINE • SEPTEMBER 1969 Weather forecasffor America and vicinity: Hot and humid followed by sparkling, refreshing ice-cold Coca-Cola. To continue the cooUng trend, keep plenty of Coke in the refrigerator. Summer goes better with Coke.

"COCA-COLA" AND "COKE' ARE REGISTERED TRADE MARKS WHICH IDENTIFY ONLY THE PRODUCT OF THE COCA COtA COMPANY

THE AMERICAN LEGION MAGAZINE • SEPTEMBER 1969 5 ,

CONTINUED LETTERS TO THE EDITOR

When we came down to the speaker's table, I found a long line of guests, each with the menu bearing a picture of Ike in one hand and a pen in the other, wanting Ike's autograph. There must have been a hiondred or more and I asked Ike if he wanted me to break up the crowd. His answer was, "Hell, no! We all won the war together and I am glad to give them my signature." Francis W. Parker, Jr.

Chicago, 111.

RELIABLE NEWS sir: The article "How Reliable Is Our News?" (June), by Roscoe and Geoffrey Drummond, is a splendid thought pro- voker. Most of us agree with the Drummonds that "the evidence of what's right with America is impressive and heartening." Norman L. MacDonald Dunedin, Fla.

ACCIDENTS WHERE YOU WORK sir: We read with a great deal of interest Henry Lee's article "A Look at Accidents Where You Work" (June). It was not only striking photographically, but also statistically. It brings home forcefully so many points that we trust it will get a wide distribution. C. A. Nevins, Safety Director Sangamo Electric Company Springfield, III.

SAN FRANCISCO'S QUAKE sir: In his article, "The Great San Francisco Fire and Quake—1906" (May) The author Thomas A. Hoge points to the pride San Franciscans took in their city, even after fire and quake had leveled it. I was a jimior clerk in the office of a Valley in York City in Death Test. chemical company New 1906, and one of our accounts was Sam- Some of the guys at our advertising agency wanted to find out for themselves uel Bloom & Sons of San Francisco. Not if our Better Pouch is as good as we say. So they buried one— in the middle long after the quake, we received an of the desert. Then five months later they dug it up. And smoked the still- order from the company. The order was fresh pipe tobacco inside! did it stay fresh long? is How so The pouch written on a postal card and on the ad- sealed. Air-tight. in Nothing gets or out. But don't you take our word for it dress side of the card was stamped either. Get a FREE pouch of Kentucky Club Mixture and see for yourself. "Watch Us Grow A Greater San Fran- Just send us the coupon, and an empty pouch of what you're now smoking cisco." I was 17 at the time, but must say (any brand but ours). And get a fresh start with our Better Pouch. that the impression that made on me has FREE OFFER TO PIPE SMOKERS lasted all these years. Oreste V. Arciero Mail to: Fresh Tobacco, Box R Sa7ita Barbara, Calij. Wheeling, W.Va. 26003

Gentlemen: Here's my ordinary pouch. Now I'd like to try a full-size package of COMMENT Kentucky Club Mixture with that sealed-in freshness you promise. sir: About a year ago I became a mem- ber of The American Legion. When I Name_ received my first Legion magazine I read it cover to cover Eind I was gratified to Address, see that another organization is con- cerned about saving the United States; City that it cares about our freedoms; that it believes in our history and our great State_ men. I'm proud to have served my coun- try and it's really great to see that there Zip_ are many other Americans who also feel this way. Offer good in U.S.A. only, and expires January 31, 1970. Sorry, only one to a customer. Thomas E. Doyle Oakland, Md.

THE AMERICAN LEGION MAGAZINE • SEPTEMBER 1969 " , s " —

Dateline Washington . ..SOVIET NAVAL THREAT GAINING. HELP! POLICE WANTED. ^ ^^ONE MAN, ONE VOTE'^^ BATTLE.

The Joint Congressional Committee on opposite direction, raising its require- Atomic Energy calls for more and faster ments to include two years of college nuclear-powered submarines and surface and the tactic worked. battle-craft to meet the Soviet naval

threat . The committee concludes, following The battle over the U. S. Supreme Court's recent hearings, that Russia "is embarked "one man, one vote" decision appears to be on a program which reveals a singular heading for one big confusion, in the awareness of the importance of seapower opinion of veteran Washington observers.

and an unmistakable resolve to become the The Court ' o pponents are seeking p er- most powerful maritime force in the mission to have one chamber of the state world. legislatures elected on a basis other than Unless the United States reacts the "one man, one vote. Senate Minority Leader c ommittee fears, the Soviet will achieve Everett Dirksen, of Illinois, has never its g oal as a dominant seap ower by the mid- wavered in his belief that he can arouse seventies, as a result of its tremendous the country to overthrow the highest expansion program. court's ruling through a Constitutional Even today, the committee says, Russia Convention. The issue may come to a head is a formidable sea rival to the United this year, since 33 state legislatures have States. The Soviet fleet includes 65 voted to support Dirksen and only one nuclear-powered submarines, as against more is needed to initiate the next step. our 82, and is estimated to be building However, before Congress can act on 70 more atom-fueled subs. The Reds have scheduling the Constitutional Convention, only 7 ballistic missile subs as against the courts, including the U.S. Supreme our Polaris fleet of 41, but plan to Court, may have to rule on the legality of achieve parity within five years. Russia some state actions challenged by sup- has a net advantage of 230 subs over our porters of the "one man, one vote" rule. underwater fleet. Some state legislatures, meanwhile, are considering rescinding their Convention The crime rate has risen, but the ratio call. of p olicemen to population is lower than it was " in 1950. Latest U. S. figures indicate PEOPLE AND QUOTES that the manpower deficit among the 40, 000 BLAND REVOLUTION inal acts of a few do not inter- p olice departments around the country runs "To those intoxicated with fere with legitimate aspirations from 5% to 10%. Key problem is attracting the romance of violent revolu- of many."—Richard Klein- qualified applicants and the situation tion, the continuing revolution dienst, Deputy U.S. Att'y Gen. appears to be getting worse. of democracy may seem un- exciting. But no system has WELFARE BANKRUPTCY A Labor Department checkout discloses ever liberated the spirits of "All of our social ills among that local police forces have gone to so many so fully."—President the able-bodied on welfare Nixon. unusual lengths to drum up recruits. come from lack of educa- Washington, D.C., gives a bonus to each tion and training. The present |50 U.S. SUPPORT FOR VIETNAM member of the force bringing another into welfare system as we know is "Some American military bankrupt." —Gov. James A. the ranks. Cleveland tried a mass re- power may be required to sup- Rhodes, of Ohio cruiting drive, plus higher pay. Houston port the South Vietnamese lowered the minimum age for its finest to people for some time to come STUDENT HOUSECLEANING as a means reinforcing 19. Los Angeles hired six ex-convicts for of our "Students have played the nation's resolve that aggres- community relations posts. Trojan horse for the SDS (Stu- sion cannot succeed."—Gen. dents for a Democratic So- Some cities dig deep and early for William C. Westmoreland, ciety) long enough. We are be- Chief Staff. future police officers. Phoenix utilizes Army of ginning to realize the facts and police we are going to clean house." aides at 18; Atlanta gives Negro COLLEGE GUARANTEES youngsters, —Edward Callan, Acting Pres- beginning at 16, a taste of "(College) police Administrators ident of the Assoc. for Student work. Berkeley, Calif. , took the must guarantee that the crim- Gov't.

THE AMERICAN LEGION MAGAZINE • SEPTEMBER 1969 7 WHAT'S HAPPENING

A sketch of the situation inside Red China today and how it got that way.

A Staff Summary terious Orient was beyond Western com- are pretty good at interpreting Red re- prehension years ago. And that was be- leases. We have reports from friendly FOR THE PAST ten years, a power fore the Bamboo Curtain went up and and unfriendly China watchers, on Tai- struggle has been going on in Red all the official news out of China was cen- wan, in Hong Kong, Korea, Japan and China that has been enough to confuse sored in the first place and released in the Soviet Union, who stand close by anyone. If you could get all the infor- Communist jargon in the second. with their ears and eyes wide open. From mation straight (which you can't) it Nevertheless, we get bits and pieces all of this it is possible to piece together would be a pretty hard story to digest. from travelers and newsmen who go in at least the broad outlines of what gives There were those who thought the Mys- and out of China. We have experts who in China today.

8 THE AMERICAN LEGION MAGAZINE • SEPTEMBER 1969 — —

In a nutshell, the 75-year-oid founder ised. Would Lenin then have offered result of the Red Guards' atrocities, ol Red China—Mao Tse-tung—has been them more and worse slavery? Mao did, emergency "revolutionary committees" warring for ten years with other factions and when it blew up in his face he al- are providing such government as ex- (of which the army is most powerful). most blew China up in retaliation as he ists. Everyone is represented on these Most of the chaos you've read about sent his millions of marauding teen-age committees and allowed to talk^ in Red China in recent years has been re- Red Guards rampaging out of control. peasants. Red Guards, loyal Mao Party lated to this struggle. It probably set It was the excesses of the Red Guards, hacks, workers' groups, etc. But of the Red China's development back 20 years whom Mao tried to sic on his political 29 revolutionary committees that gov- or so. The country is one big mess today. enemies, that finally united peasant, fac- ern China today, 20 are controlled by The battle for control is now in its tory manager and mayor into some sort army officers, and the other nine are closing stages and Mao appears to have of whole behind the army and against run by men who agree with the army in

lost it, though he has won a face-saving Mao's bureaucrats. its policies and aims. victory. He's still the head of the Com- Don't be confused by the fact that This is not the kind of revolution that munist Party. His number one man Mao is still number one in the Party and Mao has stood for all his life. One of his old-time fellow-revolutionary Lin Paio everyone acknowledges his Lin Paio as well-known quotations is: "The Party — is acknowledged to be his heir. But Mr. Next. Nobody is apt to shoot Mao, commands the gun; the gun will never Mao was once the head of the Govern- or imprison him, or publicly demote him. be allowed to command the Party." The ment and the Party, and now he's just They need him alive as the Father, and gun is commanding the Party, and Mao the head of the Party. He's even more when he's gone they'll quote him as the knows what that means, for another of and more of a figurehead there. As Red Grand Old Man in any way that suits his quotations is: "The basis of all po- China's own Lenin, he has a personal their purposes. litical power comes from the barrel of a reputation about on a par with George Just what they'll do with Mr. Next gun."

Washington's here. He can say what he when the Old Man is gone may or may Because Mao and Lin Paio still have pleases. He has influence with the not be what they now say. You would the voice, the noises that come from the masses. But less and less official atten- not want to be Lin Paio with no Mao Chinese Communist Party are little dif- tion is paid to him. around, unless he is just playing a game. ferent from what they have been. At the It is the People's Liberation Army Today he talks like Mao and the army Ninth Party Congress in Peking last in league with many civic and industrial doesn't like Mao's thinking. But Lin Paio spring, the main report was given by managers—that is actually running the isn't a bad second Mao for an army that Lin Paio, who was confirmed there as country. The army, working in the Party is waiting Mao out. Lin Paio isn't as old Mr. Next. He denounced the United but independent of the Party figure- as Mao—he's only 62. But he's pretty States for continuing to protect the Free heads, has become the most powerful sick. Chinese on the offshore island of Taiwan

1. Serious opposition to Mao first showed itself when, in 1958, he herded nearly all the peasants into barracks-like communes, to regiment them around the clock, in what he called his "Great Leap Forward." The army and the Party grudgingly went along.

force in China. The army is Communist While the army and its civilian sup- (Formosa). He said that China is ready in its own fashion, but it doesn't give porters are waiting out the Father's re- for full-scale war and even a nuclear a rap for Mao's brand of doctrine. maining lifetime they are running things exchange with its two arch-enemies, the Maybe Lenin was lucky to have died from the inside instead of the top. Mao United States and the Soviet Union. so soon after the Soviet Bolshevik take- may be the head of the Chinese Com- They are working together against over. Mao has become a sort of Lenin munist Party, but of the 170 members China, he said.

(that remark would please him) who of its Central Committee, 105 are either (China is in no condition to wage went on living after his people lost their soldiers or civilians with strong military a full-scale war against any major power revolutionary fervor and started wanting backgrounds. Out in the country, which today. As a result of her internal strug- some of the goodies they'd been prom- is still in a state of terrible chaos as a gles and failures she is presently weak.

THE AMERICAN LEGION MAGAZINE • SEPTEMBER 1969 9 CONTINUED a Communist state should be run. The whole struggle has been fought What's Happening in Red China? over basic ideas. The Chinese Commu-

nists have described it themselves as the prostrate, disorganized and hungry. The crats who have tried to challenge the So- hassle of "the reds versus the experts." army thinks Lin Paio's kind of brag is viets' world Communist leadership. This The "experts." including Liu, numerous at least premature.) school of thought says that the Soviets civil administrators and many in the The Soviet Union responded to Mr. and the Chinese army can get along fa- army, would place red doctrine second Next"s speech two weeks later. "The mously for many years to come. The in importance to getting things done for army actually runs the country," said the Chinese army has always wanted Soviet China according to what works best. But

Soviet Weekly New Times, and it went help and is more interested in developing the "reds" would require that all other on to hint that henceforth Moscow China than in challenging Moscow's things take a back seat to Mao's brand would consider China to be a military world Red leadership—at least for now. of Communist doctrine, even efficiency rather than a political problem. Soviet But the Soviets don't want Mao and his and production. Defense Minister Andrei A. Grechko breed in office another minute to make Mao and his followers, including Mr. hinted at a "preventive war" while China anti-Soviet noises. Nothing would suit Next and some other Party figureheads.

is still weak. "Only by a resolute otTen- them better than to have the Chinese are, of course, in the "red" camp. It has sive can one defeat the enemy's forces, openly disown Mao and leave Moscow been their inflexible belief that the Chi- break his will to resistance and achieve the undisputed center of Red leadership. nese would have to stop being Chinese final victory," he wrote. Other high So- If Mao weren't such a godlike figure, and be transformed into a brand new viet officers echoed the same idea, and probably the Chinese army would be kind of pure Communist animal, hopped General Sokolov called for a "straining happy to toss him out and install another up from one year's end to the next with of the Soviet Union's entire military pre- old revolutionary, 71 -year-old Liu Shao- revolutionary fe'vor to join in huge ant- paredness" and for instant combat readi- chi, in his place. Liu used to be Mao's like mass movements at labor to achieve ness. number one man. He was second to Mao the national goals. Like the early Soviets, You can read these Soviet reactions in in command of the government in 1949. they'd always prefer to put a man in two opposite ways—your choice. when the Reds first took over mainland charge of something for being a good 1. They recognize that the Chinese China. Then he began to stand for the Communist instead of another who army and its civilian colleagues can ideas that the army so well represents might know better what he was doing eventually make China a true world today, and in 1959 he successfully broke (ie: an expert).

power, as Mao never could, and they with Mao and succeeded him as Chair- From the start, in 1 949, Mao set out to really mean that China had better be hit man of the state, leaving Mao only the destroy all the old forms of Chinese now and fragmented into a bunch of Party chieftainship. civilization: the family system: the fa-

warlord states before she grows too The tale of conflict since 1 959 is pretty miliar Chinese handwriting; handicraft strong under the more practical guidance much the story of Mao's attempt to re- industry, and all forms of tolerance and of her new leaders. Or: gain control of the state as well as the individualism. These, he said, were re- 2. They are just making threats to put Party. It brought disaster to China and sponsible for China's weakness in the the heat on the Chinese army to throw what now seems to be final defeat for world. The people must be kept at a war- out Mao and every one of his bureau- Mao, himself, and his basic ideas of how like pitch of "class struggle," always

10 THE AMERICAN LEGION MAGAZINE • SEPTEMBER 1969 —a

serving against "enemies" within and themselves, as Mao has often intimated. be opposed—until he had first tried the without—drilled in self-sacrifice and The regime had wiped out practically all hardest line of "redness" and failed. Party discipline. In short, the "reds" in- the capitalists in the cities and all the The first years after 1949 were the sist that everyone must carry on after a landlords and rich peasants in the coun- glory years for the old revolutionaries. revolution exactly as he was asked to tryside. Liu agrees that Mao's manipula- The landlords and the city capitalists and carry on to bring it off, and never have tion of well-indoctrinated but unskilled the propertied peasants were extermi- any love from cradle to grave except for masses, hooting and hollering and beat- nated to the cheers of the poorer peas- the regime. ing their chests, does stir up the country ants. They'd been promised the land and To the "experts" this was always silly. —but it doesn't help increase the output they got it—a small personal plot for Things ought to be done in the best way of farm and factory. each. to get them done, and you needed more Such "experts" say that only time- Naturally, that didn't last long. China all that than zeal to do the things China tested economic methods can modernize was hungry enough without having its needed done. You ought to be practical. China. These could include some capi- farmland broken up into inefficient little Most of China's key administrators, talistic notions, though nobody dares say personal plots. That was never part of a technicians and specialists agree today, it that bluntly. As Liu put it: "The en- Communist system anyway. It was just and they have little love for the commis- thusiasm of a socialist people's democ- being true, for a while, to the pre-revolu- tionary promise of "agrarian reform." In the early 1950's the move to col- lectivize the farms began. Thousands of Party members and bureaucrats moved into the rural areas to "persuade" the peasants to pool their land, tools and ani- mals. It took a lot of arm-twisting but by 1956 the peasants "voluntarily" merged their plots into collective farms. An aver- age of 200 to 300 families lived and worked on each. They no longer owned the land, instead they held "shares" in the collective farms. Two years of this, and Mao was ready for his next step—a grandiose scheme for the instant increase of both farm and factory production. He proposed that a system of highly regimented communes be set up, and that a "Great Leap For- ward" campaign be promoted through- out China. With the communes, Mao was going to show what the new Com- munist animal could do through the sheer power of self-sacrificing zeal. A Mao commune offered a barracks-like 3. Mao remained as head of the Party, but was so ignored by officials that he went into virtual isolation, seemed to be "retired." existence in which there was no privacy, and each man or woman was a sort of living cell in "the group." The only dif- sars and bureaucrats that Mao placed racy lies in the people's concern for their ference between such a commune and over them. You don't need slogans and own economic life. They must be con- slavery is that the subjects are supposed protestations of loyalty to modernize cerned with wages, living accommoda- to like the commune. China, said Liu. You need up-to-date tions, food, transportation and such mat- When Mao proposed the "Great Leap" management, advanced scientific and ters, and only through the solution of in 1958, the first serious open opposition technical skills, and, equally important, these problems can the political life be of "experts" showed ftself. A small group personal incentives for the peasants and attractive." Above all, the "experts" be- of top military leaders openly opposed it workers. Stirring up the people with lieve that modernizing China depends on as a foredoomed failure. Many others Communist doctrinal propaganda, is the talents of practical factory directors, high in the Party felt the same, but dared to borrow an American phrase— engineers, technicians and specialists, not speak. Since the majority was silent, helluva way to run a railroad, as the "ex- unfettered by the policing of Party Mao went ahead without even asking for perts" see it. Further, it was absolutely hacks. the usual Party or government endorse- nuts to go about provoking the rest of The army long had its own grievances. ment. It's a guess that he didn't choose to the world, including the once-friendly For the sake of "revolutionary zeal" its put it to a vote because he could sense and helpful Soviet Union, with all sorts soldiers used to be put to work in the the hostility. of grandiose claims to non-existent fields and on public construction, and its As set up by Mao, each commune gave power and leadership. At least you officers were overseen by Party commis- the Party complete control of all social, should wait until you have the stuff to sars. The army saw this as a roadblock agricultural, industrial, cultural and mili- back up such pretensions. to making a professional fighting force. tary life in one large land area. The peo- As Liu has noted, it seemed silly to This, briefly, is the heart of the clash ple in a commune were mobilized to try hope to keep the people in a fever of that has torn Red China. But it never to do the impossible by complete regi- "class struggle" when there was no could have come to a head back in 1949. mentation and back-breaking work. In visible "class" to fight unless it was Mao was too strong and too revered to addition to getting a greater yield from

THE AMERICAN LEGION MAGAZINE • SEPTEMBER 1969 H CONTINUED Party and army, the army began to dis- mantle the communes. It dismissed tens What's Happening in Red China? of thousands of Party hacks who had arrogantly bossed the communes, made a the fields, they were to build small "fac- dusk, the peasants were half starved in special show of dealing harshly with those tories" for the production of pig iron and the communes. They ate in mess halls who had offended the peasants the most, steel, which were in very limited supply. where the little amount of food was badly and those who had harassed and of- The peasants were ordered to use un- cooked. When not hard at work, they fended army officers in the communes. tested techniques such as deep plowing drilled with local militia or sat in Com- The Party met in December and and close planting to increase agricul- munist indoctrination and "self-criti- okayed the change. It killed Mao's plan tural output, but without success. They cism" classes. to extend the communes to the cities. It were told to build thousands of "back- Party bureaucrats, pressed from on abolished community kitchens, mess- yard steel furnaces" to help speed in- high to succeed, exhorted and abused hall's and nurseries, and announced to dustrial growth. the peasants, and their wives and chil- all that top priority would be given to From the beginning, Mao's program dren, to produce ever more and more. raising the living standards of everyone.

met with tremendous resistance from the Just six months of this satisfied some Then it lowered the boom on Mao

peasants. They looked on it not only as Party leaders that they had a "Great Leap himself. He was fired as Chairman of the slavery, but as the final betrayal of their Backward" on their hands. Food short- state and replaced by the leading politi- land grant of only a few years earlier. ages were everywhere. Monthly rations cal (non-army) character on the "expert" They began to be herded into communes of rice, wheat and meat had to be drasti- side. Liu—the man who, until then, had in August of 1958. By November, just cally cut. China watchers estimated that been Mao's favorite and Vice-Chairman four months later, nearly 99% of the mainland China's people consumed from of the government under him. Don't

4. In 1966 Mao bid to return to full power by urging the students of China to raise hell by the millions, as 'The Red Guards" of the "Great Cultural Revolution." It blew up in his face when the! r excesses united administrators, peasants and army against them.

rural population of 550 million was 600 to 1,200 calories per person per day, think this was done openly. Even more

placed in 26,500 communes, averaging which is little enough to make many an then than now, Mao was the Great Fa- about 5,000 families each. idle man lose weight fast. Grain produc- ther of Red China. All the delicacy was The peasants worked up to 19 hours tion went down by 47%. Cotton had de- needed that a group of sons require a day, seven days a week. Husbands and clined by 58%; steel by 33%;; coal by when they decide their father must be wives lived in separate barrack-type dor- 11%,. removed from the head of the family

mitories. On the average of once every Of course it was the army that had ! company and made chairman of the two weeks, they were permitted to "meet grudgingly enforced the movement into board, where he no longer makes the privately," lining up in humiliating fash- communes. A half year was just about day-to-day executive decisions. The of-

ion for their brief get-togethers. Once a enough of it for the generals as they ficial explanation was that Mao was giv- week parents were allowed to visit with looked out at the growing ruin. Famine ing up his post in government so that he their children. The rest of the time the and economic disaster were everywhere. could devote all his time to the leadership children were looked after by strangers Under the command of Marshal Lin of the Party. In later years, Mao said:

at so-called "free" nurseries and "free" Paio (the same who is now Mao's heir), "I was dissatisfied with the decision, but kindergartens. and with the consent of many leaders in I could do nothing about it." The oppo- Though they worked from dawn to ILLUSTRATED BY CARL ROSE sition to him. he said, was led by Liu

12 THE AMERICAN LEGION MAGAZINE • SEPTEMBER 1969 and Party Secretary-General Teng Hsiao- months at a stretch, they must study the "Great Leap Forward" had permitted. ping, who "treated me as if I were their thoughts of Mao, and all officers must While this violation of the hard "red" dead parent at a funeral" and "thereafter serve at least a month as enlisted men. line was going on, Mao measured the never bothered to consult me on vital (Later, in 1965, Lin Paio abolished all weapons left to him. They included (a) matters." military grades in the army.) many Party bureaucrats still loyal to For the next six months the army and But the Party wasn't as kind to Mao him, (b) his seemingly harmless power, Mao had a test of strength to see just how within its own ranks as it was in sup- as Party chief, to control propaganda demoted the Old Man was. As Party porting him against a military challenge and the media, and (c) the mystique of head, Mao continued to order the army to itself. He was not restored to the gov- his name as the father of the revolution. to put pressure on the peasants to work ernment Chairmanship, and for the next Using these, he launched a campaign harder, and to labor on civilian projects seven years the Party took most of its of advertising that would be the envy of itself. In August of 1959 the Defense orders from government Chairman Liu, Madison Avenue. He set the propaganda Minister, Marshal P'eng Teh-huai, openly in league with Party Secretary Teng. So machine to work building up the myth objected at a top Party meeting, with completely was Mao bypassed that he of his own infallibility. His followers the backing of leading officers. Mao met seemed to be sitting back as a semi- called him a prophet in whose writings the attack frontally. He said that if the retired elder statesman. could be found the answers to all prob- army deserted him he would go back to His public appearances and statements lems. "Mao's thought" was claimed to the villages, recruit another army and were few and far between. He later said answer anything from engineering prob- then come back to fight all over again. that after 1962 he played no important lems to how to promote consumption of What with that threat, and the open chal- role because no one, not even Peng (Continued on page 52) lenge of the army to the Party, a major- Chen, mayor of Peking, paid any atten- ity backed him up. The Old Man then tion to him. While the Old Man was bid- pressed on to purge his military chal- ing his time and figuring how to get back lengers. P'eng was kicked out. So were to power, he had to watch Liu undo his the Chief of Staff and 40 other high- work. The new Chairman, for instance, ranking officers. All were labeled "right issued a "12-point emergency directive wing opportunists," meaning anti-Mao. regarding rural work." Among other

Apparently Lin Paio, though he had things it let peasants have some private been the chief army officer to dismantle plots again, and sell produce in "free" the communes, decided from this that markets. It gave peasants and workers Mao and his machine would win the more time to rest than the frenzied

whole fight. He identified himself clearly on the Old Man's "red" side, and re- placed P'eng as Defense Minister. He then put himself squarely on the outs with the military by decreeing that all soldiers must work in the villages for

THE AMERICAN LEGION MAGAZINE • SEPTEMBER 1969 13 The Story of the American Clipper Ships

In the mid'lSOOs, clippers added a golden page to our sailing his-

tory. Here's the story of these ships and the men who sailed them.

By LYNWOOD MARK RHODES

THE American cupper ships, by their sheer beauty, transformed ship design throughout the world. Sleek, thin- waisted, "with a dolphin's head and a mackerel's tail," they were some of the biggest, blooming sailing ships ever built. In their heyday, the 1850s, these ocean- going greyhounds raced from New York to San Francisco, from Boston to China and back again, testing sailors' courage as it had never been tested before. In their brief life span, they broke every nautical record and racked up others that remain unchallenged today. The whole form of the ship was contrary funk dished up by sea cooks. She was the "Clipper" was a good word for them. to the laws of nature, they said. She was answer to a merchant's prayers, Griffiths In New England, where most were built, a handsome vessel, but whether she reassured her owners-to-be. "to clip" was a slang expression for could sail was another matter. They pre- In the 1840s, the import of tea ac- speed. There had been fast ships before, dicted that at 750 tons, heavier than any counted for over 80% of American trade but nothing like these slender, needle- ship built in America to that time, she with China. But tea was a finicky com- nosed craft with their soaring masts, for- would sink to the bottom as soon as she modity. It spoiled quickly during the ests of spars and acres of canvas rising touched water. Others remarked that her long hauls from China to Atlantic from their decks. bows, "turned inside out," were too pe- ports. The merchant who could deliver Speed showed in every line. The con- culiar to make her a really good ship. the season's first cargo of the perishable cave hull of a true clipper sometimes She might be "as smooth as a smelt," stufl" in good condition stood to reap a ran five and a half times her width or as her young designer, John Willis hefty profit. better. Such extreme sharpness meant Griflfiths, claimed, but competitors Precisely at 9 o'clock on the morning smaller cargo holds, but clippers deliv- pointed out to Howland and Aspinwall, of February 22, 1845, the Rainbow hit ered their goods faster by spreading the merchants who had commissioned the waters of New York's East River. clouds of canvas to the sky. Some car- her, that the inexperienced draftsman Onlookers held their breath. She floated. ried as many as 35 sails—a full acre had overstepped the first prerequisite of Cap. John Land, the Rainbow's shaggy- and a half of canvas aloft—on 200-foot his trade. Every shipbuilder worth his faced commander, told reporters "she masts that seemed to scrape the heavens. salt knew that you could have either was the fastest ship in the world." Authorities don't agree on which ship speed or size, not both. With the Rainbow's first voyage. Cap- was the first true clipper. Some give the Griffiths listened to the criticisms, but tain Land proved his words. Topgallant honor to the Ann McKim, built in Bal- said nothing. The Rainbow was differ- masts ripped away four days out of New timore in 1832. Others claim that the ent. She was supposed to be. for he had York, almost driving her under. On the clipper evolved a bit at a time as ship- modeled her along the lines of the racy, return voyage, he lost his only remaining builders added an innovation here, a new fast Singapore sampans used by pirates sails, and it took him ten days and "a technique there. Carl Cutler, perhaps the in the China Sea. The result was a trim rich vocabulary to repair and replace leading naval historian on that era, writes appearance—a stem that carried forward them." But he brought her home in that the great day of sail began in 1843 in a curved line; a long, hollow waterline; round-trip record time—an incredible along New York's South Street. a sharpened forward body; a much seven months and 17 days. The next trip At the time, landlubbers watching the lighter stern—features about as far re- was even better. The Rainbow went to tall-sparred Rainbow taking shape in the moved from the typical bluff'-bowed China against the squally, northeast Smith and Dimon yards certainly weren't ships in New York Harbor as Del- monsoons in 92 days and home in 88, convinced that a new day had dawned. monico's steaks were from the dandy- {Turn to page 16)

14 THE AMERICAN LEGION MAGAZINE • SEPTEMBER 1969 ILLUSTRATIONS BY GORDON GRANT—COURTESY THE SEAMEN'S BANK FOR SAVINGS IN THE CITY OF NEW YORK CONTINUED shovels, absinthe and rum, anything for Ships civilized life in the wild West from cra- The Story of the American Clipper dles and teething rings to coffins and tombstones. But California was 3,000 a few days less than six months. She If Americans had never seen anything miles away. Sending goods by wagon hrought home the first news of her own like these grand ships, neither had the overland consuming. arrival in Canton. rest of the world. The Oriental, a 1,003- was too time The remarkable feat was more than ton clipper built for A. A. Low by Jacob The only other route—by sea to Pan- just fast sailing. It was a miracle of sur- Bell, created a sensation in England when ama, across the Isthmus of Panama on vival, too. All that expanse of canvas she first tied up at the West India Docks. mule train, thence by ship to California held immense danger, particularly dur- The Admiralty was so impressed that —was tedious and risky. Porters died of ing squalls and storms. On such occa- British designers obtained permission to fever and cholera on the 60-mile trail sions, the added strain on a clipper's take her measurements in dry dock. The across Panama, and "in places the horses oversized masts tore at supports. It could London Times raved about her. sank into mudholes up to their bellies," bring the masts to the deck and throw Actually, beauty was but a pretty side said Bayard Taylor, a correspondent for the ship akilter. More than one sailor efi'ect. Speed was what counted. Yet, the New York Tribune who made the heard the tearing lumber, only to be many merchants considered clippers a trip in 1849. Cargoes that reached the crushed to death or. almost as bad. curiosity, too expensive to build and too mud-hut town on Panama's Pacific side dragged overboard in a maze of ropes uneconomical to operate. That is, until often sat on the docks for weeks, await- and acres of cloth. Torn sails, cracked Jan. 24, 1848, when a sawmill worker ing space on a California-bound vessel. ribs, patched decks, dented heads—those named James Marshall spotted a gleam- Perhaps it was only natural, therefore. CULVER PICTURES

Master shipbuilder McKay: the "Michelangelo of sails."

LAUNCH OF THE FLYING CLOUD. This splendid specimen of naval architecture was launched, a few days since, from the ship yard of Mr. D. McKay, at East Boston, in gallant style. She is, beyond a doubt, the most beau- tiful specimen of the Yankee clipper style of building, that has yet been turned off the stocks. She is 230 feet long, on deck, has 41 feet extreme breadth of beam, 21 feet depth of hold, 30 inches The launch of the Flying Cloud, May 1851, at East Boston, Mass. Item from dead rise at half floor, 8 inches swell or rounding of sides, and 3 Gleason's Pictorial (rt.) covered the event in admiring terms. Her de- feet sheer. Not only is she the longest and largest clipper ship signer and builder, Donald McKay (pic, inset) called her his masterpiece. in the world, but she has the sharpest ends, and is considered by all who have seen her, as possessing great beauty of model. Her lines forward are slightly concave, she has an elliptical stem, and a were the scars of a successful voyage. ing dime-sized nugget in a finely formed run, and broadside on, fills the eye with admiration. The Rainbow's initiation was mild, millrace northeast of San Fran- considering the baptism other clippers cisco. This stroke of fortune soon endured, and she had sailed so fast ended any doubts that sailing ships could that the Washington Union asked the and well. Land announced, that "the ship ever be quite the same again. question it did in 1849: "Would not couldn't be built to beat her." Griffiths It took a while for the news of Mar- some of our merchants find it profitable disagreed. His second clipper was Sea shall's find to reach the East. It was not speculation to send cargoes round to the Witch, "as fine a specimen of New York until naval Lt. Edward Fitzgerald Beale Pacific?" That suggestion didn't father shipbuilding as we have seen in a long arrived in Washington in September with the clipper ship but, as writer Lionel time," the Herald reported when she was $3,000 worth of nearly pure gold dust Casson points out, "it certainly was re- launched on December 8, 1846. She tucked in his saddlebags for President sponsible for the dizzy speed with which made the return trip from Canton in 77 Polk that all hell broke loose. Sailors the child matured." Without realizing it, days—a record that has never been deserted their ships and soldiers their the Union's editor had sounded the start- equalled by any ship under sail. posts. Workmen put down their tools. ing bell for the golden age of sail. Other shipbuilders tried. The Samuel New England farmers mortgaged their The proposal was bold, to be sure. Russell, built by Brown and Bell of New farms, counting-room clerks stopped The arduous 17.000-mile haul from At-

York in 1 847, sailed so fast, a crew mem- counting—and merchants were gleeful. lantic ports to San Francisco was misery ber told the Herald's editor, that the For them, California was literally a all the way. spray was left behind. Her handsomest golden opportunity. They had every item At the halfway mark, on South Amer- run in any one day was 328 miles. an argonaut might want—picks and ica's underside, stood Cape Horn, a high. 16 THE AMERICAN LEGION MAGAZINE • SEPTEMBER 1969 TIIK liEI'TMANN ARCHIVE

Sailing ships in New Yorl^'s East River crowd South Street docks. At height of clipper era this was typical of our northern ports. jagged headland of a desolate island bat- to speak, the wind blew him inside out. tered by waves and swept by spray, the Either that, or he nearly froze to death. supreme test of sailors and ships. "Land Charles Abbey, a 17-year-old seaman, of Fire seems an ironic choice of a name remembered that the Intrepid's wheels- for a region where it snows in summer." man looked like a statue, his weather remarked a captain who ventured this side covered with snow and ice during way. "These icy latitudes appear on the days and nights off the Horn. chart as a confusion of straits and inlets, "We had very high seas and the ship's mountains tumbling into the sea and deck was flooded, day after day." Capt. archipelagoes all entangled. It's impos- Charles P. Low told of the voyage of the sible to follow the thread in all this James Russell in 1 850. "Sometimes she maze." would go under water and it seemed as Lt. Matthew Fontaine Maury, the re- though she would never come up." Fred- nowned director of the Navy's Depot of erick Perry, third mate on the clipper Charts and Instruments at Washington, Continental, recalled that he once sighted thought it "the longest and most tedious a big. gray rock on the 59th day out of

(journey) within the domains of com- New York. Three weeks later, it was still merce—it tries the patience of the navi- off port side. "I had heard of ships strik- gator and taxes his energies to the very ing what was called a stone wall (of utmost." Most skippers agreed. Only 13 storms)." he said, "and the captains, ships, nine of them whalers, had sailed after attempting to break through, finally

the route the year before. (Most ship giving up in despair . . . and heading for trade with China went around Africa, the Cape of Good Hope (around Afri- across the Indian Ocean and north to ca). Considering the pounding we had China's ports.) taken, one could hardly have blamed Gales, sleet, hail, snow, ice—anything the Old Man if he had followed suit." but calm seas—marked the passage. Old Clippers were the only ships able to salts claimed that the squalls were so cover the route with any sort of speed. Poster extolling Flying Cloud's record runs strong that if a man opened his mouth was used by line to solicit cargoes. And, in 1849, speed mattered most. THE AMERICAN LEGION MAGAZINE • SEPTEMBER 1969 17 THE HARRY T. PETERS COLLECTION, MUSEUM OF THE CITY OF NEW YORK

The Comet weathers Atlantic hurricane in 1852. Bound for San Francisco, she had still to run the treacherous waters off Cape Horn.

CONTINUED ers hired extra workers to meet the de- mand—if they could find any. Day and The Story of the American CHpper Ships night, the sounds of sledge hammers, top mauls and caulking mallets echoed in Every cargo that reached California on to Manila and Canton to load tea. the harbor front at East Boston, from fetched fancy prices. Miners gladly paid then winged home around Africa to New Pike Street to the foot of Tenth in New $60 a barrel for flour, dealt poker with York in less than 1 1 months. With that York, at Mystic, Newburyport Ports- $5 packs of playing cards, dug for gold one trip, her owners, Sampson and Tap- and with $15 shovels, drank whiskey at $40 pan, paid for her and split an $8,000 mouth, anywhere a man could lay a keel. a quart and doctored themselves with profit, besides. Even so, there was rarely veneer or laudanum at $ 1 a drop. Lumber brought Dividends such as these brought on a sham in the finished product. "Scamping a thousand percent profit; even eggs, shipbuilding spree the likes of which or skimping never occurred to a clipper- mellowed beyond belief after the ride hadn't been seen since the days of the ship builder," says naval historian Sam- around the Horn, were grabbed up at Spanish Armada. Merchants scoured uel Eliot Morison, "and if it had. no $10 a dozen. ports for men who could turn out fast Yankee workman would have stayed in At these prices, few merchants quib- ships in four months or less. Shipbuild- {Continued on page 44) bled over the freight rates charged by THE BETTMANN ARCHIVE clipper owners, as much as $60 per ton for 40 cubic feet, to move their wares to California. Compared to the rates on slower ships, about $14 a ton. the heavy premiums were scandalous, but few clip- pers ever left port with an empty inch of space. Rather than divide profits with middle- men, many merchants commissioned their own clippers. The undertaking was costly—$100,000 or more wasn't un- common—but it paid off. On a single voyage to San Francisco, the Samuel Russell earned $70,000 in freight money for her owners. The Argonaut, built for Boston merchant John Lodge in 1849, paid for herself with freight consign- ments before casting off her lines for her maiden voyage. Donald McKay, the East Boston shipbuilder who built some of the most beautiful, fastest and extreme clippers even seen, was called the Michel- angelo of sails. The first clipper he built. Stag Hound, was long and lean and spread so much canvas—more than 8,000 yards—that marine underwriters charged extra to insure her. She raced In this 19th-century painting, a wide-eyed child hears an old captain tell of his to California, dumped her cargo, sped days at sea. But the tranquility it connotes belies the harsh life clipper seamen led. 18 THE AMERICAN LEGION MAGAZINE • SEPTEMBER 1969 — —

Included are: blades, beads, bodies, hooks, split rings, wire shafts, etc., also a special Fast-drying paint LIFE IN THE OUTDOORS device for looping wire. in six colors is provided, and complete in- structions. Price: $10.95.

Which Sunglasses? WHEN HIKING or camping, unexpected bad weather can be a problem. To guard

against it, writes Marc Sonnier of Crowley, SUNGLASSES to protcct youF cyes WEAR La., carry cloth items, such as extra cloth- against glare, warns the Society for the ing or even your sleeping bag, in large plas- Prevention of BHndness. Glare is simply tic garbage-can liners, the kind that seal too much light. To reduce it the pupil, shut with a wire twist. They will keep their which is the center hole of the eye through contents dry in any weather. which light enters, decreases in size, just as you decrease the size of the diaphragm on NEXT COOKOUT, take along a package a camera lens to prevent overexposure of of thumb tacks, suggests T. McKievick of the film. To reduce it still more, you squint, Berwyn, 111. You can use them to keep shielding part of the pupil with your eye- things from blowing away in the breeze, lids. But enough brilliant light still enters such as napkins, paper plates, and especially to be troublesome. And it bleaches the pur- the tablecloth if you're the kind who likes ple pigment in the retina, which corresponds to picnic in style. to the film in a camera, and this pigment is necessary for vision in dim light. When HANDS, try a pair of pigskin you're driving home in your car at night FOR COLD Curon-insulated gloves from Gokey, 21 after spending three hours without sun- West 5th St., St. Paul, Minnesota 55102. glasses on a sunlit beach, your vision may Gloves are soft, yet tough, with nylon Tricot be reduced more tlian 50% and it takes lining and inside layer of Curon foam. several days for a complete recovery. The Guaranteed to keep hands warm. Price: damaging light rays are the invisible ultra- $4.95 a pair. violet and infrared, especially the former which, in bright sunlight on snow, often That's golfer Arnold Palmer hiding behind marking pen, put a ruler results in complete "snow blindness." In WITH A FELT those sunglasses. They're called "Inver- your fishing rod by marking ofl" many cases, too, especially on beaches and right on ness" and form part of a new line of eye can become in inches along the butt section above the water, the white part of the Arnold Palmer Ray-Ban Sunglasses named handle, writes Mrs. R. Peterson of Iron sunburned and blistered. after famous golf courses and made by River, Michigan. Then you'll always have It takes more than just dark glass to pro- Bausch & Lomb. a handy method of measuring your tect the eye against glare. They must be with you a trout stream. shielded principally against this ultraviolet sure they're optically perfect. And don't fish, especially when wading and infrared. Only glass will filter out choose fancy colored ones unless you want both. Many plastic sunglasses are on the them for decorative purposes only; most of NEW mini-diameter braided casting and market, both cheap and expensive. None them don't provide glare protection and trolling line, from Cortland, is called "Mi- of them can block the infrared, and many also distort the natural colors of objects. cron." Color is surgical white. Small diame- reels, of them don't even filter out the ultraviolet. Sage green and neutral grey are recom- ter makes it ideal for revolving casting Another objection to cheap plastic lenses mended by the Air Force. Hunters use yel- fresh and salt water. Casting line from 10 classes. is that they possess surface irregularities. low lenses which don't filter out as much to 50 lb. test; trolling line in IGFA Your eyes instinctively keep trying to adjust glare but do provide greater contrast and Write for booklet: Cortland, P.O. Box 1362 to these wiggles and waves and become fa- minimize haze. Wear your sunglasses all Cortland, N.Y. 13045. tigued. Since even under normal conditions year 'round, especially when driving during your eyes use 25% of your total nervous daylight never at night. And wear them WHEN YOU BUY a new lantern, camp energy, the additional strain can cause gen- on cloudy-bright days when reflected glare stove or similar gear, its packing box can eral physical fatigue, irritability, headache can be worse than when it's sunny. Wide make a sturdy carrying case, recommends and even nausea. lenses are better than small ones because H. Miller of Vallejo, Cal. Cut around the Spend more for your sunglasses to make they block side glare, also. top on three sides with a sharp knife. Over the fourth edge glue heavy wrapping tape REPAIR artificial worms when they get the strips in another carton from which the for a hinge, then give the box several coats badly torn, suggests Jim Kurka of Fairfield, top has been cut ofi". The waxed paper will of spar varnish to make it weather resistant. Iowa. Just touch the torn edges with a piece burn for a long time, even in rain or snow. Add a carrying strap. of hot metal, such as a knife blade, and press them together. A match will heat the IN HOT SUN, when you're taking your MAKE YOUR OWN sonic spinner, writes knife blade. camera along on a summer trip, protect Tom Greene of Huntingdon, Tenn. Drill your film from the heat or it will fog, espe- two holes in the blade, quarter-inch holes ONE of the best bluegill baits, according to cially color film. A neat way of accom- for large blades. Turbulence will cause Miller Mrs. M. Jackson of Middletown, Ohio, is plishing this, suggests Harry of Sara- bubbling, faster whirling at low speed, and sota, Fla., is to keep the rolls (both exposed macaroni. Boil it until just tender enough a hum that will attract fish. in vacuum to slip on a hook, and with a scissors cut and unexposed) a wide-mouthed jug, the kind used to keep food cool. it into quarter-inch pieces for use. A long TOP KILLER for trout and bass, according piece, baited like a white worm, will take to this season's reports, is the Mepps bass. STICKING ZIPPERS on your duffle bag, "Black Fury," a spinning lure with a black sleeping bag or fishing jacket can be made to blade, gold shank and treble hook, and a COLD HANDS in a duck blind can be operate smoothly with common soap, fluorescent red bead. Get catalogue by send- warmed with a fired paper shotgun shell. recommends Dave Levitt of Kankakee, 111. ing 25<' to Sheldon's, Inc., Antigo, Wis- the zipper and rub the bar of soap With your knife, cut it vertically to the base Open consin 54409. forth into four strips, and light, writes Jeff along the teeth, then work back and several times. Mathiesen of Sioux Falls, S.D. The paper If you have a helpful idea for this feature burns readily for several minutes. send it in. If we can use it we'll pay you FISHING KIT, new from Worth, Stevens $5.00. However, we cannot acknowledge, re- turn, or enter into correspondence concern- fire starter, use Point, Wis. 54481, has all the ingredients FOR A SURE-FIRE winter ing contributions. Address: Outdoor Editor, empty wax milk cartons, writes J. Russo of for making spinning lures and spinners The American Legion Magazine, 720 Fifth Akron, Ohio. Cut them into strips and stow reflex, Indiana, Colorado and June Bug. Ave., New York, N.Y. 10019. THE AMERICAN LEGION MAGAZINE • SEPTEMBER 1969 19 By JULES SALTMAN

It's possible to meet someone who never had a headache, but it isn't likely. Man has certainly been suffering headaches for longer than all recorded What we know aboul history, and he'd hardly started writing 1 before he made note of his aching head. 1 At least, a Sumerian poem of 3000 B.C. complains about the poet's throbbing

skull. Today, "I get headaches" is just about the most common complaint heard A digest of a lot that has been learned about 19 by doctors. While numerous diseases and injuries can cause headaches, by far most of them are ordinary "tension" head- different kinds of headaches through intense study aches, and most of the rest are migraine. Both are connected with the relation of the sufferer to the world around him, in recent decades, of sufferers j with the way he lives and reacts to his external conditions. The three usual ways to deal with either of the commoner headaches are the one at Montefiore is still unique in (the government agency most concerned to (a) bear it, or (b) take an analgesic, devoting five full days and three eve- with headache research) to classify all usually aspirin, or (c) both, if the anal- nings a week exclusively to headache the kinds of headaches there are. It came gesic doesn't work. There are better patients. But in all parts of this country up with a list of 19 all told. ways, if you can manage them and — and abroad clinics in neurology, psy- Some unlucky individuals suffer from there's even a fairly effective preventive chiatry and similar specialties devote a more than one variety. But on the whole, drug for most migraine. day or two or three each week to such headache victims divide into two main As ordinary headaches were long patients. classes: those who suddenly begin feel- viewed as a sort of unavoidable curse, A revered pioneer of headache re- ing headache pain that didn't exist be- it centuries before took anyone thought search was the late Dr. Harold G. Wolff fore; and those with chronic headache, of making a medical specialty out of of Cornell University Medical Center. the kind that comes and goes, and may them. As a result it was just as long a He was one of the first to prove the con- come again and again. time before patient or doctor could have nection between migraine and the blood The late Dr. Wolff once remarked that access to any really good center of ex- vessels of the head. He also pinpointed people love to fear the worst. When they pertise about headaches. the connection between the great ma- feel a severe headache, especially when This is not true today. jority of headaches with the mental and it is sudden and new, they are likely to In New York's northern Bronx, a dou- emotional hangups of the sufferer. decide immediately that they have a ble glass-paneled door leads into a 25- Many others have added to the work brain tumor or a blood clot or are going year-old clinic that might be called Head- of the pioneers. Dr. John R. Graham of mad or something equally horrific. They quarters, Headache Control Forces, the Harvard Medical School did experi- are rarely right. U.S.A. It is the Headache Unit of ments similar to Dr. Wolff's on blood Headaches, both the sudden kind and Montefiore Hospital. Probably more vessels. Later, at the Faulkner Hospital the chronic, repeating ones, are a sign

men and women with headaches have Headache Research Foundation in Bos- of something wrong, but it isn't often that been studied there by more doctors than ton, he experimented with the drug they are symptoms of either a serious any place else in the world. Since it methysergide as a headache preventive or a mild physical illness. started in 1944, the Montefiore Head- —a drug first used for that purpose by While a physical injury may cause ache Unit has been, and still is, the only Dr. Federico Sicuteri of the University temporary headaches, it is rare that the full-time headache clinic in the United of Florence in Italy. one may bring on constantly recurring States. Its founder and director, Arnold Some of Dr. Friedman's most valua- ones, though imaginative individuals P. Friedman, M.D., has been a leader in ble efforts have been in proving the who were recently shaken up in a car- bringing understanding and order into value of this drug for migraine preven- riding incident (as who hasn't been?) the complexities of headaches—what tion. At the same time, he has done great often are sure there's some unsuspected they are, why they happen and what can work on tension headaches—a name he head lesion, like a crack in the skull. be done about them. His clinic has gave to the more usual kind. Continuing headaches (as opposed to learned a lot. Medical people in many specialties are few) which directly result from injury Other clinics here and elsewhere in concerned with headaches. are so unusual that they are not included the world are working at the task. Dr. But the real heroes of headache re- in Dr. Friedman's 19 classifications. Friedman recently returned from chair- search are the patients. There are legions Headaches that appear after a knock ing a two-day meeting in London of the of them. And many are doomed to suffer on the head or a "whiplash" strain Research Group of Migraine and Head- for a while yet, because there is still of the neck or the like sometimes are ache, which is under the auspices of the much we do not know about their afflic- blameable on the knock or the strain. World Federation of Neurologists. Scien- tion. But most often they have other, less ob- tists from ten countries were repre- A committee headed by Dr. Friedman vious causes, and the injury—which may sented. Except for the clinics run by was appointed by the National Institute have been repaired long ago—only Britain's Migraine Trust, he found that of Neurological Diseases and Blindness started the ball rolling. One cause may

20 THE AMERICAN LEGION MAGAZINE • SEPTEMBER 1969 The "tension" headache is the more ordinary one. It flows from muscle tensions often caused by life's pressures.

be the scare of the accident and the nag- sciousness, with headache added; head- ing a glaucoma-based headache may not ging memory of that scare. ache going along with pain in an eye, only stop the headaches but also save All the same, a release prepared by ear or elsewhere, or headache that ap- the individual's sight—for glaucoma, if the Information Office of the National pears in an older person who never had neglected, leads to blindness.

Institute of Neurological Diseases and it before. Headaches based on tumors, blood Blindness lists "headache following a Such headaches, though some of them clots, abscesses and other such real ob- blow on the head" as one of the kinds are life-threatening, have the advantage jects in the skull that pull at the blood that are "alarm signals for prompt and of being tied in with some specific physi- vessels and nerves around them are thorough medical checkup." Other kinds cal condition that often can be found called traction headaches. Infections on the list are: and corrected. It may be an ear infec- anywhere in the body that bring on fever A sudden, severe headache coming tion or growth; or trouble with the teeth; may be the starting point of a headache. "out of the blue"; headache related to high blood pressure, or something wrong So may any inflammation inside the fever; headache associated with convul- with the eyes, such as the excessive in- skull, caused by an infection or some- sions; confusion and lessening of con- ternal pressure of glaucoma. Investigat- thing else. And then there is a whole

THE AMERICAN LEGION MAGAZINE • SEPTEMBER 1969 21 CONTINUED expand again, and a pulsing rush of blood goes through them. That's when What we know about HEADACHES the pain begins. Why this should be so has long been a bagful of outside causes of the occasional do play a part, are triggers, rather than baffling puzzle. Blood vessels in various or one-time headache, ranging from car- causes. They set the powder train burn- parts of the body often contract and ex- bon monoxide poisoning resulting from ing; the headache explosion that follows pand—contract in the cold, expand in a being caught in heavy traffic to certain gets its power from deeper sources. hot bath. Dr. Wolff and his associates allergic reactions and on down to that Tension headaches are subject to trig- even inserted small balloons into head old friend of all good men, the hangover. gering by such things more often than arteries and expanded them that way. The list of correctable physical causes migraine. But, thanks to the complex and But that does not cause pain. Why should is a long one. Unfortunately, there are still somewhat mysterious sources of similar maneuvers in the blood vessels of also some purely physical causes that are headaches, even some of the triggers are a migraine victim result in excruciating not easy to banish. One, for example, is obscure. For example, an emotional up- agony? neuralgia, a very painful nerve condi- set, a scare or a surge of anger may be

tion. When it occurs in the trigeminal or a trigger, though the victim may not even investigators found that glossopharyngeal nerve of the jaw it is be aware that he felt such a thing. In Whencertain natural substances,

classed as headache, though it actually addition, the physical causes mentioned with names like bradykinin, is located in the neck and face. Trige- above—illnesses, traumatic injuries, al- serotonin, histamine and minal neuralgia is also known as tic lergies and the like, as well as a sleep- neurokinin accumulate in the tissues douloureux. It is one of the most painful less night, too much alcohol, a day in around the arteries during a migraine, afflictions of mankind, and surgery to the sun and so on—probably would not they thought the puzzle was solved. The remove the nerve is sometimes the only cause a headache in a nonsusceptible in- presence of the substances (which seem way out. dividual. But they do in someone who is to lower the pain threshold—the point already prone to tension or migraine at which pain is felt), combined with the A nd yet, for all their number and headaches. expanded, pulsating blood vessels, must, /\ popularity (if that's the word), The wonder is that so much has been the scientists said, create pain in the tis- the headaches so far de- found out about headaches with little sues. M m. scribed are not the ones evidence other than the voiced com- Then, to their delight, physicians dis- people who go in for headache talk are plaints of patients. With few outward covered that the drug methysergide, generally talking about. signs or unbiased mechanical devices to known as a strong antagonist of sero- Over 15,000 hopeful sufferers have inform them, the painstaking work of tonin, often gives migraine sufferers pre-

walked through the geranium-guarded such researchers as Dr. Wolff, Dr. Fried- ventive relief. That seemed to prove it. glass doors of the Montefiore Headache man, Dr. Adrian Ostfeld of the Uni- But more research found few signs of Unit since 1944. Nine out of ten of them, versity of Illinois and many others has interaction between serotonin in the says Dr. Friedman, were diagnosed as filled in the picture of the nature of the head and methysergide given to a pati- having either migraine headache or ten- migraine-tension enemy. And found ent. How methysergide works to prevent sion headache or both. That's the name some effective countermeasures, as well. a migraine attack is not known, but clob- of the game for most headache victims. bering the local serotonin supply is cer- The tension headache is the common A n early question, for example, tainly not the way. By the same token, man's type. It counts more victims than /% was: Where does this unseen, un- one of the normally-present body sub- any other. Migraine headaches are often measurable pain actually come stances like serotonin or histamine may more painful and also a little more select. m from? If it's not really a little indeed be a partner in creating headache

In fact, some investigators say it's quite green man tightening a big vise, or a pain, but we have no idea which one it is. flattering to be classed among migraine railroad spike driven in over the eye (as More important than pain mechanics, sufferers, for they seem to be a brainy and some victims might claim), what are its however, from the viewpoint of the talented group. But they are also aggres- mechanics? sufferer, at least, is the knowledge we sive, perfectionist and basically unsure The answer: Migraine and migraine- now have of the surrounding circum- of themselves. type headaches (there are several) are stances—triggers, precipitating factors, These two types of recurring head "vascular"; they involve changes in the personality traits—that are the real key pain strike otherwise reasonably healthy blood vessels. Tension headaches, in con- to migraine and tension headaches. individuals. Physicians call such head- trast, start with "muscle contraction," These things can often be changed or aches "benign" (ha!) not because they chiefly in the muscles at the back of the obliterated—and with them, maybe, the are gentle and kind (they are not), but neck. Blood vessel pressures from the headaches. because they are no deadly threat. They tight muscles may get into the act later. are all in the victim's head, having no "The root of the headache is not in- "classic" migraine, felt by one definite physical cause and giving almost side the head," says Dr. Ostfeld. The Theout of ten headache sufferers, no outward signs. The doctor has to take brain itself is not involved. The guilty has clear characteristics. It lasts

the patient's word for what he is feeling blood vessels and head muscles are for a few hours or up to three and when. mostly outside the skull. days, starting slowly and then slowly Not that physical conditions have no Let's take a close look at migraine subsiding. It recurs frequently, some- connection with migraine and tension first, and then consider the more ordi- times with clockwork regularity. The headaches. The old headache veteran nary tension headaches. parents or others in the family may also

v/ho claims that his torture episodes are Before the start of a migraine attack, have it, so there's apparently a hereditary brought on by hunger, constipation, too Drs. Wolff and Graham found, the blood element. much sun, eyestrain or the like is not en- vessels of the head contract. The flow It's felt on one side of the head, but

tirely wrong. But these things, when they of blood to the brain is slowed. Soon they not always the same side. The tendency

22 THE AMERICAN LEGION MAGAZINE • SEPTEMBER 1969 graine is "cluster headache." It occurs mostly to middle-aged men and mostly during the night, waking the victim up from sleep. An attack consists of a series of agonizingly sharp pains, several nights in a row—hence the "cluster" name. Each night pain lasts under an hour, rarely up to two hours. The whole attack may go on for six to eight weeks. Then

it may not occur again for months or years. Women who are migraine-prone often find headache coming on when they take contraceptive pills (containing sex hor- mones). The pill doesn't cause the mi- graine, according to Dr. Perry S. Mac- Neal of the University of Pennsylvania,

but may aggravate it. Another curious trigger drug is tyramine. It is present in many foods. The body usually controls it with a special internal chemical. However, this chemical control may be inhibited by certain drugs that are frequently taken for various illnesses. If, while taking such a drug, the patient also has a piece of cheese or some other tyramine-rich food, the result may be a severe headache —as well as other rather serious symp- toms. But the real basis of migraine is deeply personal, in the victim's personality and life style. It's a profound hostility that for various reasons cannot be expressed in words or blows or other actions. "Intense rage, with the accompanying cerebro- vascular changes," says Dr. Garner, "is crucial for migraine. This is the rage

which is not spent in an explosion . . , The rage is kept and regenerated by pett) annoyances, frustrations and resent- ments. "The hostility may have a range from chronic unhappiness to repressed homi- cidal urges," Dr. Garner goes on. "The simpler expression of resentment may be The painful migraine, which may blur sight and sound, can openly expressed, but may cover a layer often be drug-controlled, but is rooted in personality problems. of hostility too terrible for admission at a conscious level." for the site of migraine headache to vary be less one-sided, too. It is even more Muscle contraction headaches were from side to side in different episodes, clearly related to how the victim lives, given the name "tension" by Dr. Fried- Dr. Friedman points out, is good evi- having environmental, occupational, man and others for a good reason. These, dence that it is not related to a fixed menstrual and other relationships. the most usual of headaches, are almost dangerous physical condition inside the The victim may call it his "weekend" always related to tension or anxiety, and head. Which should be of some comfort headache because it comes on him Friday happen while the tension episode is going to the victim. night or Saturday morning, when he lets on. Often the victim knows what is Migraine usually throbs. It's a "sick" down from the work strains of the week. bothering him, unlike migraine-causing headache, with upset stomach, often bad Any relaxation or change of pace, even emotional and personality problems, enough to include vomiting. The eyes a vacation, may bring it on—or any which are usually deeply hidden. suffer, too, especially from bright light. upset in a long-estabHshed routine, in- Tension means tight muscles, especi- The victim usually feels "sick" symptoms cluding extra strain, like a tiring journey ally those at the back of the neck. before the headache starts. This "aura" or a difficult meeting. Women may feel Tense neck muscles may be a throw- of malaise may give him warning min- common migraine before or during their back to the caveman, psychiatrist L.G. utes or even hours ahead. menstrual periods. But, says Dr. Ryan, Moench suggests. Our primitive ancestor Another type of "common" migraine "Most women are free from migraine had to stretch his neck hard in trying to best ad- may have less of the warning aura but when pregnant." use his eyes, ears and smell to more sickness while it's going on. It may An odd but very painful form of mi- {Continued on page 48)

THE AMERICAN LEGION MAGAZINE • SEPTEMBER 1969 23 —

r

WASHINGTON Opposing Views by Congressmen on Tlie Question ... PRO & CON

^4 SHOULD THE U.S. CONTINUE TO ASSIS1

As DISTRESSING as it is to the average American to higher education, produc- hear the rhetoric of radicaUsm, to see marchers ing in the student, and in the streets or students forcibly occupying univer- particularly the under- sity buildings, we should not let these events persuade graduate, a belief that he us to overreact—to inject the power of the federal is not the primary purpose government into each and every campus squabble. for the school's existence. Decidedly, the time has come to get tough with those The universities must who foment disorder. attack these underlying This is a job for responsible local and state authori- reasons for the smoldering ties and, of course, for university administrators them- campus discontent. When selves. The power of the federal government should that is done effectively, the not be used, in a fit of peevish unhappiness with those issues which have brought Sen. Gale W. McGee who fail to cope with what is, after all, a very complex, alliances and sympathy for (D-Wyo.) even mystifying problem, to penalize the institution of the handful of hard-core

higher education. We need it. In the long run, the militants on the campuses will be undercut. We should answers to the vexing questions which have arisen in not overlook that fact and create additional complexi- our entire society, but which happen to be magnified ties for ourselves by tarring all students with the brush on our college and university campuses for reasons intended for a tiny fraction. inherent in their makeup, are apt to come from the That, however, is what would be done if we were, campuses. as a nation, to penalize the institution of higher educa- Yes, the government should continue to assist tion by cutting off financial support programs. colleges, whether or not they have experienced campus This is not to argue that stern enforcement methods disorders. are not sometimes warranted, even required. The key While trusting that university administrators will element is that of federal coercion—even blackmail. put an end to campus disorders, we should, at the same It should not be used. That would be to forfeit the time, realize that today's students have legitimate principles of local control and campus independence grievances that need to be looked to. both cherished for good reasons. We haven't yet solved basic sociological problems Uncle Sam should not become the campus cop. dating back to the founding of this nation and before, let alone the ones which have arisen in the wake of WW2 and the technological explosion which produced the vast demand for college degrees and placed a new emphasis on non-teaching activity on the campus. This emphasis has changed the structure of American

if you wish to let your Congressman or one of your Senators know how you feel on this bii

24 THE AMERICAN LEGION MAGAZINE • SEPTEMBER 1969 COLLEGES WHERE CAMPUS DISORDERS EXIST?

Cornell: Guns on Cam- bill simply provides that when the Secretary of Health, pus—Confrontation in Education, and Welfare, or the Secretary of Defense the Harvard Yard—Dart- or the executive of any other agency which grants re- mouth Militants Seize search contracts or other benefits to educational insti- Hall. tutions, determines that certain conditions exist, he Headlines like these are shall cease to make any grants or contracts until they increasingly commonplace are corrected. These conditions are spelled out in the as turmoil and violence bill and are carefully restricted as follows: sweep American colleges Violence is specifically defined as taking possession and universities. Some of college buildings, destroying its property or depriv- colleges facing campus ing other students of the right to attend classes. confrontations have acted Nothing in the measure precludes picketing or non- Sen. Norris Cotton with firmness but the ma- violent demonstrations or any other peaceful mode (R-N.H.) jority have bowed to the of approach. demands of militant students, causing an outraged There must be a history of repeated violence. One citizenry with a big stake in American education to or two instances is not enough. look to Congress for a solution, and giving today's College authorities must have failed to 1) expel parents, facing college bills in the neighborhood of student instigators, 2) prosecute outside participants, $15,000, reason to wonder whether or not their boy or and 3) call for police assistance when necessary. girl will get an education worth having. Last year the federal government paid colleges and Certainly if student riots endanger life and destroy higher institutions of learning over $5 billion, mostly property there is need for public authority to move in, in grants and contracts for research—one fourth of all with or without invitation by the college. However, the money spent for higher education in this country. the administration of an educational institution's This support should go only to institutions which dem- affairs and the making of its rules and regulations are onstrate a determination to keep their house in order. in the hands of the college authorities, and there they must remain. Though the federal government must not attempt to administer the affairs of any college because of disorder on its campus, it doesn't follow that the government should use taxpayers' money to support institutions that neglect or refuse to take necessary steps to preserve order. Recently, I introduced a bill to make colleges in- eligible to receive federal contracts if they do not take appropriate steps to maintain campus discipline. My

I 1

I have read in The American Legion Magazine for J j • September the arguments in PRO & CON: Should I

1 The U.S. Continue To Assist Colleges Where Campus I

I I Disorders Exist?

I THE U.S. SHOULD SHOULD NOT CONTINUE TO ASSIST i COLLEGES WHERE CAMPUS DISORDERS EXIST. I | issue, fill out the '^ballot" and mail it to him.

I flnnpFgg I

j TOWN STATE

I . !

You can address any Representative c/o U.S. House of Representatives, Wash- ington, D.C. 20515; any Senator c/o U.S. Senate, Washington, D.C. 20510.

THE AMERICAN LEGION MAGAZINE • SEPTCMBER 1969 25 .

By R. B. PITKIN

THE 16th of this September, it ONwill be 50 years since the day in 1919 when President Woodrow Wilson signed an act, while riding on a railway train in California, that granted The American Legion a national charter of incorporation. On the next two-page spread we reproduce the original na- tional charter as President Wilson signed it. It has been amended since—chiefly to take in WW2, Korea and now Viet- nam vets—so the original isn't quite the same as the present charter. All previous veterans organizations had either incorporated themselves in some state, or in the District of Co- lumbia. The Legion's active founders de- cided they wanted to be incorporated by Act of Congress, and their charter became the first of its kind. During the summer of 1919, the Vet- erans of Foreign Wars sought a Con- gressional charter by amending the Act that had been introduced in the House on behalf of the Legion. That was ruled out. but Congress has since granted a national charter to the VFW and several others. Congress has been fairly selec- tive, so that the small group of Con- gressionally chartered veterans organiza- Thomas W. Miller, who secured the Legion's Charter in 1919, as seen recently. tions today establishes a special category of them. The Legionnaire who secured the charter is still so active in the Legion that he is Nevada's member of the Na- tional Executive Committee, and one of Legion the most respected, alert, gracious and How The knowledgeable members of that body. Most of his 1919 colleagues are gone. They were the older WWl veterans back then. The younger men, now in their Got Its Charter 70s, were then in their late teens and early 20s. It was the older men like Theodore Roosevelt, Jr., Franklin D'Olier, Ogden Mills, George Ared

White. Eric Fisher Wood, Bennett Clark, leader of the Pennsylvania National He still has copies of his 1919 corre- Milton Foreman and so on—already Guard, banker, college president, and spondence that reported progress on men of affairs—who had the influence one of the first builders of large housing getting the Legion's Charter. and means to get the machinery working. developments, would have been 100 last Tom Miller had been at the first cau- Few of those whose names you can read March 3. He lived to be 91 and died in cus of the Legion in Paris and was acting on the charter are alive today. From 80 1960. chairman when it adjourned on March to more than 100 years have passed since Vicksburg merchant Alexander Fitz- 17, 1919. He missed the St. Louis Cau- their births. Hugh, who sponsored the Charter from cus in May 1919. As a lieutenant colonel This spring 65 of 83 sponsors were Mississippi, was heading for his 93rd still on duty with the 79th Division, he'd recorded deceased on national records. birthday this July 1 5 as we wrote these been sent into Germany on occupation The oldest for whom a birth record is on words, and was believed to be the oldest duty. But the Army sent him home in file was Lincoln, Nebraska, insurance living Legionnaire in Mississippi. He is June and attached him to the General executive John G. Maher. Born during one of two Charter sponsors known to us Staff in Washington for legislative duty. the Civil War, he'd have been 105 last to survive (with 16 others in question The Army and the Legion had the same March 4. Maher died in 1939. Daniel G. for lack of current data at National idea in asking Miller to represent them Stivers, Montana attorney, who died in Headquarters, several of whom may be on Capitol Hill. He'd gone to Congress

1 942. would have been 1 00 last February very much alive and let us know on read- from Delaware in 1914 and his father. 10. George H. Wood, former Dayton, ing this) Charles R. Miller, had been Governor

Ohio, banker and civil service com- The other is Thomas Woodnutt Miller, of Delaware. He knew his way around missioner, would have been 102 this No- 83, now of Nevada but representing in Congress. vember 3. Roy Hoffman, former Okla- Delaware in 1919. Miller is the only In June 1919, it was still five months homa judge and U.S. District Attorney, sponsor now active in national Legion before the first national convention met who died in 1953, would have been 100 affairs. And it was Miller who procured in Minneapolis to make the Legion offi-

last June 13. W.G. Price, Jr., long a the Charter and can tell you all about it. cial, but the informal St. Louis Caucus 26 THE AMERICAN LEGION MAGAZINE • SEPTEMBER 1969 — .

a firm friend of Miller's as well as a and willingly became a corporate spon- staunch friend of the Legion's through sor. He is one of three men on the list all his years in Congress after 1919. of sponsors who were later National Along with Miller, he'd been elected to Commanders of the Legion. The other the 64th Congress in 1914. Johnson had two were Franklin D'Olier. a member been one of two in the House who voted of a prominent Philadelphia merchant "no" when President Wilson called for family and later head of Prudential Life a declaration of war in April 1917. Insurance Co., and Frederick C. Gal- Cincinnati corporate A year later, in 1918, he visited Miller, braith. of Ohio, a the only National then an officer of the 79th Division, train- executive who was office (in an auto ing at Camp Mead, Md. "I want to get Commander to die in in the war," he said. "I don't like to be accident) voting money to have mothers' children Several other sponsors gave so much at killed while I sit securely on Capitol to the formation of the Legion that Hill." Miller arranged for him to go to various later times they were voted the Officers Training School at Camp Mills, title of honorary Past National Com- Va. He was commissioned a 2nd lieu- mander. These included Roosevelt; Eric tenant a couple of weeks before Miller's Wood of Pennsylvania (a prominent division sailed for France, and was as- architect and writer); Milton Foreman signed to its 313th Infantry Regiment. (one of Chicago's leading businessmen, D. On the second day of the Meuse- civic leaders and attorneys); Henry of Dallas); Argonne offensive, Sept. 27, 1918, Miller Lindsley (former mayor came upon Representative Johnson on Tom Miller, and Bennett Champ Clark, the key Senator the battlefield, so grievously wounded of Missouri, who was Bill through that Miller didn't expect him to last the in steering the Legion's GI day. "Let me know which mortality train Congress in WW2. you put this man on," he told the medics. Episcopal Bishop Charles Brent, of "He's a friend of mine." New York, who had been the Senior forces in France and "I didn't see him again in Europe, and Chaplain of our thought he was dead," Miller recalls. "I served as chaplain at the first Legion con- elected got back here early in June 1919, and vention before there was any spon- in the hospitals nine months National Chaplain, was one of the Pres. Woodrow Wilson in his private rail car. he had been 1929. In 1964 he was and was just out and back in Congress sors. He died in in an executive committee, to have been May formed one of three men who fought in WWl designated posthumously older men liad ad- and some of the while currently holding a seat in Con- the first National Chaplain. than $300,000 in cash or vanced more gress." Many sponsors were prominent law- personal pledges. The executive com- Now Johnson willingly sponsored the yers and some had been, or were to be. mittee set up a temporary office at 1 9 W. Legion's charter proposal in the House judges, or city, state or federal attorneys. 44th St., New York City ( a plaque still George N. Davis, of and personally fronted for it throughout These included marks the building). While Theodore of the the legislature. Nor was there any trouble Delaware (later Oregon), one Fisher and E.C. Roosevelt. Jr., Eric Wood with the general idea. The Congress as coauthors of the Legion Preamble; help get S. Springer, others stumped the country to a whole heartily approved of the Legion Boom, of Idaho; Raymond going, George Ared Indiana; Henry Dehaven Moorman, local Legion units and its stated principles. It was already of 44th Walmsley, of White, of Oregon, ran the shop on finding that the Legion was giving it the of Kentucky; T. Semmes terms Street. Early in July, White and the best advice and information to be found Louisiana, who later served several at the De- Orleans; Ross N. others telegraphed Miller War in its efforts to unravel the terrible mess as Mayor of New partment to ask if he'd try to get the caused by the return of the WWl vet- Lillard, of Oklahoma, and Claude V. Legion a charter from Congress. Miller erans, without any proper government Birkhead, of Texas. didn't go to New York, and cannot say program for them. Several were doctors. These included today exactly how it happened that But there were two Charter problems: Richard Derby, of New York, Teddy Roosevelt and the others decided they yet Roosevelt's brother-in-law; Mathew ( 1 ) Since no national convention had wanted to be chartered by Congress. But met to make the Legion entirely official Tinley, of Iowa, and W.A. Phares, of job, kept in touch to he accepted the and even in its own eyes, who would be the Kansas. Another doctor left medicine by phone and mail. incorporators? (2) Exactly what would go into other things, and was a fascinat- Luke Lea. another Legion founder, the Charter say? ing character. That was Col. H. Nelson had been a Senator from Tennessee when The list of 83 names that appear as Jackson, of Vermont. (The Legion Miller was in the House in 1914. Lea sponsors on the Charter solved the first doesn't use military titles in its ranks. was one of the men who organized the problem. Almost without exception, the Some of the sponsors were generals with- abortive effort to kidnap draft-dodger men listed were prominent in their out being so designated here. But Colonel G rover Cleveland BergdoU behind Ger- states. Of course Teddy Roosevelt, Jr., Jackson has to be called Colonel Jack- man lines. He didn't return to the Senate, was the son of a former President. The son, since no Vermont Legionnaire ever but he lent his name, as a former Sena- whole list is actually made up of the calls him anything else.) He is still tor, to this first Legion legislative project. members of the original executive com- revered as the godfather of the Vermont Miller turned to one of his Delaware mittee (the first 34 names), plus one Legion. His first name was Horatio, and Senators, Josiah O. Wolcott, to introduce prominent WWl veteran from each of he was as adventurous as his namesake, the Charter in the Senate, and to Rep. 46 states, Hawaii, D.C. and the Philip- British Admiral Lord Horatio Nelson. Royal C. Johnson, of South Dakota, to pines. Some of them had already identi- Canadian-born, he'd been to the Klon- in introduce it in the House and assume the fied themselves with the Legion at one dike gold rush in 1900, and mined chief burden of promoting its passage. of the caucuses. Thus, the late Roane Mexico in 1901. He said that when he Royal Johnson, like Sgt. Alvin York, Waring, a leading Tennessee attorney, drove his car across the United States in was a pacifist turned warrior, and he was had been active at the St. Louis Caucus, (Continued on page 30) THE AMERICAN LEGION MAGAZINE • SEPTEMBER 1969 27 1

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Reproduction of the original national charter incorporating The American 28 THE AMERICAN LEGION MAGAZINE • SEPTEMBER 1969 I

I

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Legion. The act was signed by President Woodrow Wilson, September 16, 1919. THE AMERICAN LEGION MAGAZINE • SEPTEMBER 1969 29 .

Some of the sponsors were giants in CONTINUE D How The Legion Got Its Charter the business world, in addition to Fore- man, Price, D'Olier and others already mentioned. G. Edward Buxton was pub- lisher of the Providence, R.I., Journal and a textile tycoon; Ogden Mills came from a wealthy New York family and was later Secretary of the Treasury; Albert A. Sprague called himself, mod- estly, a "wholesale grocer," but he was one of Chicago's big businessmen and civic leaders. A Chicago VA hospital is named for him. George Seaman, also of Illinois, was both a farmer and an in- vestment banker, and James A. Gary, Jr., of Maryland, was a Baltimore realtor and bank director. The rest of the list is not substantially different in the char- Foreman Sprague acter of the men named.

Milton Foreman and Albert Sprague, sponsors from Chicago where they were prominent How all the sponsors were secured is in civic affairs, business and Sprague as a merchant and Foreman as an attorney. a part of history that is now lost, par- ticularly in those cases where the sponsor 1903. he was the first to do so. He was portant public posts. C. Lester Jones was exercised leadership rejected for age as a WWl infantry already a big wheel in the District of had not previously private, but they took him as a doctor. Columbia. He was later the Director of in the infant Legion. Miller recalls a few He was a ranking surgeon in the 79th the U.S. Coast and Geodetic Survey and cases from his own memory of men he Division (Tom Miller's division and the International Boundary Commis- solicited. One of them was Lawrence Royal Johnson's regiment) in WWl. sioner for the United States and Alaskan Judd, of Hawaii. They had gone to Con- When he came home he was the driving borders with Canada. necticut's Hotchkiss School together as force in organizing the Vermont Legion J.G. Scrugham, of Nevada, had been boys in 1902, and Judd was a man highly Miller. and was its acknowledged leader until an engineer and a professor of engineer- esteemed by Others esteemed for later the day he died in 1955. He left medicine ing at the University of Nevada, and he him as much, he was Governor when he came home, became publisher became Governor of Nevada, served in of Samoa and then of the Territory of of the Burlington (Vt.) Daily News, the U.S. House of Representatives for Hawaii. president of the Burlington Trust Com- ten years, and had been a U.S. Senator Publisher Frank Knox had charged up pany and pioneered in commercial news for three years when he died in 1945. San Juan Hill with the elder Teddy radio stations in Vermont with station Henry G. Mathewson became Secre- Roosevelt's Rough Riders in the Spanish- WCAX. In the Meuse-Argonne he won tary of the California Railway Com- American War. No doubt Teddy, Jr., in- a fistful of medals, and was three times mission (he was a railroad officer in terested him in the Legion, and Knox the wounded in action. France in WWl ) carried the main burden of forming Some of the other Charter sponsors M.L. Shade became a state highway New Hampshire Legion organization. were just as salty, but it would take a commissioner in South Dakota, after Like most of the others, Knox, who was book to tell the tales of the more colorful having been police chief of Mitchell, S.D. Secretary of the Navy in WW2, main- ones. It was Colonel Jackson who dressed A.H. Beach had been city attorney in tained his interest in the Legion through down the Governor of Vermont on the Cheyenne, Wyoming, and was a mem- the years. stage of the first state convention be- ber of the Wyoming legislature in 1919. When Representative Johnson and cause he'd adopted a cavalier attitude (A notation on file that doesn't explain Senator Wolcott introduced the Charter toward shell-shocked veterans. itself indicates that he and the Legion bill in the House as HR6808 and in the The sponsors also included men who parted ways at a later date under un- Senate as S2281 on June 27, 1919. the were in—or were on their way to—im- pleasant circumstances.) names of the 83 sponsors gave Congress

Roosevelt White Wood

Hard workers in forming Legion were Charter sponsors Theo- while White ran the office. Both Roosevelt and White died of dore Roosevelt, Jr. (N.Y.), George Ared White (Oreg.) and Eric natural causes while in uniform again in WW2. Roosevelt died in Fisher Wood (Pa.). Roosevelt was the central figure in forming Normandy shortly after the D-Day landings, and White as com- the Legion. White voluntarily ran the first Legion office and manding officer of Camp Lewis, Wash. Wood's son, Eric, Jr., was started this magazine. Wood was secretary of the early caucuses killed in the Battle of the Bulge after he refused to surrender and worked with Roosevelt in the states to get local units going with his regiment and fought on behind enemy lines. 30 THE AMERICAN LEGION MAGAZINE • SEPTEMBER 1969 no qualms about the who of the Charter, bership qualifications as a matter of law and there was general (but not partic- (later amended following new wars).

ular) satisfaction with its proposed text. It made it a matter of law that the Miller says that George Ared White Legion should be non-political, and stay was the chief architect of the bill's ori- out of endorsing political candidates in- ginal general language. White was an dividually. The Legion had asked for this energetic man, a fiction writer, former (though it said "non-partisan," and Con- newsman on the Portland Oregonian, gress changed it to "non-political" with former Adjutant General of Oregon. no Legion objection). Sometimes the (He died back in harness as commander boys forgot that they'd asked for this in of Camp Lewis, Washington, in WW2.) their Charter. Within a few years the He was quite up to running the Legion's idea of becoming political was debated first office, creating this magazine and in a National Convention and soundly drafting a tentative Charter bill, too. defeated on its merits. It was a good de- The House sent HR6808 to the Ju- bate with a good result, but in the course diciary Committee, which held hearings of the debate nobody thought to point

on July 25 and assigned it to a subcom- out that it had already been made illegal mittee to report back July 29. In those at the Legion's request. four days, the Judiciary Committee al- Rep. Royal C. Johnson (S.Dak.) intro- Though in very broad terms, the in June tered the bill and reported it out in sub- duced Legion Charter the House, Charter puts general limits on the Le- 27, 1919. stantially its present form. For some rea- gion's areas of activity. While ten thou- son the Legionnaires back then had felt Senate, having reconvened, had passed sand or so things are legitimate under

that as a corporation the Legion should it, and on Sept. 16. 1919. President Wil- the broad statement of the purposes and

report annually to the War Department. son signed it in his private railway car nature of the Legion, every year resolu- (Their recent close ties to the military at Hornbrook, California, during a tour tions are brought to National Conven- were showing.) The Judiciary Com- of the Pacific states. It became Public tions, or proposals are made to the mittee quite properly changed that to Law 47 of the 66th Congress. Legion from outsiders, which seek to in-

have it report to Congress. Most other The Charter did definite things which volve it in matters that are beyond even

Committee changes were minor except a reading of it makes clear. It established the most liberal interpretation of its

D'Olier Galbraith Waring

Charter sponsors who were later National Commanders. Left to at Minneapolis' Convention of Nov. 1919. Galbraith, only Com- right, Franklin D'Olier (Pa.), Frederick Galbraith (Ohio) and mander to die in office, was killed in an auto accident on Roane Waring (Tenn.). D'Olier was the first Commander, elected June 19, 1921. Waring was National Commander in 1942-43. in one difficult area. White had put the the Legion as a legal, corporate entity. corporate purposes and nature. Then a bulk of the Legion Preamble in the It gave it the sole right to its name. It laid Convention committee will "recommend

Charter bill. But some of its passages the groundwork for it very soon to secure rejection" on the familiar grounds "not would take on entirely different possi- sole control of its emblem with the germane to the programs of The Ameri- bilities if they became powers vested in Patent Office. It gave its magazine a na- can Legion," which usually sends some- the Legion by Congress, instead of state- tional charter. It established basic mem- one home sadder, but wiser. ments of what the Legion would support. The chief troublemaker was "to main- tain law and order." That was all very

well as a statement of an ideal. But it was quite another thing to have the power to maintain law and order authorized by Congress. It could be read as creating a sort of private national police force. First the Judiciary Committee tried to save it by substituting "to teach law and

order," but they finally just struck it out, to leave it as an expressed ideal instead Knox Scrugham Hoffman Jackson of a corporate power. The Committee reported the Bill out just before Con- Among the 83 Charter sponsors were (left to right): Frank Knox (N.H.); James Scrugham (Nev.); Roy Hoffman (Okla.), and H. Nelson Jackson (Vt). All four rose to gress recessed for the month of August. prominence in their states, while two held national office. Publisher Knox was WW2 By early September both the House and Navy Secretary and Scrugham was a U.S. Senator from Nevada at the time of his death. THE AMERICAN LEGION MAGAZINE • SFPTEMBER 1969 31 . , ,

SEPTEMBER 1969

SOME VETERANS BENEFIT BILLS entitled to VA home loan guaranties. INTRODUCED IN THE HOUSE OF REPS: Unremarried widows of veterans who served at any time since the Spanish- Here are some veterans benefit American War and who died as result bills recently introduced in the House of military service are eligible for of Representatives which, if adopted, VA educational assistance up to a would satisfy several Legion resolu- maximum of 36 months ... In addi- tions . . . H.R. 12155, to provide tion, the wives of veterans who are mustering out payments for veterans permanently and totally disabled be- who served in the armed forces after cause of service are also eligible Aug. 4, 1964 . . . H.R. 12156, to pro- for educational benefits, which could vide that psychosis developing a 10% amount to $130 per month for full- degree of disability or more within time training. two years after separation from ac- Eligible widows of WW2 vets have tive service during a period of war only until July 25, 1970, to use their . shall be presumed to be service-con- G.I, home loan entitlement . . . nected . . . H.R. 12158, to exclude Eligibility of Korean War widows ex- from burial in national cemeteries pires Jan. 31, 1975 . . . Eligible those persons c onvicted of treasonous post-Korean War widows have a choice and capital crimes . . . H.R. 12159, to of 20 years from their husband's provide a pension of $100 monthly for death in service, 20 years from the lanremarried widows of servicemen veteran's discharge, or until Mar. 3, posthumously awarded the Congres- 1976, whichever is later, to use their sional Medal of Honor . . . H.R. entitlement 12160, to increase to 6, 000 the num- Widows and wives, eligible for edu- ber of beds in VA facilities for pro- cational assistance have until Nov. viding nursing home care to eligible 30, 1976, or eight years after their veterans . . . H.R. 12161, to provide husbands' death or VA finding or per- for the payment of certain transpor- manent and total disability, whichever tation costs for veterans dying in is later, to complete their education armed forces hospitals . . . H.R. 281, or training. to amend the Dual Compensation Act to exempt employees of the VA Department AMERICAN EDUCATION WEEK of Medicine and Surgery . . . H.R. SCHEDULED FOR NOV. 9-15: 365, to provide for payment of a special monetary award to veterans American Education Week has been whose service-connected kidney disease set for the week of Nov. 9-15 . . . requires permanent use of an artifi- This is the week designated by the the cial kidney . . . H.R. 10893, to National Education Association, reopen for one year the National Legion and other organizations as the Servicemen's Life Insurance program time for citizens to visit their for veterans heretofore eligible. schools to acquaint themselves with the problems, needs and achievements

. packet of EDUCATIONAL ASSISTANCE BENEFITS . . The NEA has prepared a AVAILABLE FOR VETERANS' WIDOWS: news releases, sample mayors' procla- mations, speech guides, posters, ad A veterans 's widow entitled to G.I. maps and other materials to help home loan benefits is automatically Legion posts and other organizations eligible for the newly created develop local plans for observance

v/idow's educational assistance bene- activities . . . Posts wishing to par- fits from the Veterans Administration ticipate in local programs should con-

. . . However, the reverse is not tact their schools . . . The packets

necessarily true . . . Only unremar- can be ordered for $2.00 each prepaid ried widows of WW2, the Korean War from: American Education Week, Na- and post-Korean veterans who died as tional Education Ass'n, 1201 16th St.

a result of military service are N.W. , Washington, D.C. 20036.

32 THE AMERICAN LEGION MAGAZINE • SEPTEMBER 1969 .

OF THE NEWS AMERICAN LEGION AND VETERANS AFFAIRS SEPTEMBER, 1969

ments for the 1969 American Legion Indiana Boy Elected President Boys Nation are: Sec'y of State, Paul A. Roberts (Wash.); Sec'y of Treasury, Clinton B. Smith (Ala.); Sec'y of De- of Legion 1969 Boys Nation fense, Kelly T. Hagan (Ore.); Sec'y of Army, Eugene A. Clark (Calif.); Sec'y Gregory S. Gray, 16, of Gary, Ind., wins top honor of Navy, Lee N. Newcomer (Neb.); in Legion government symposium program in nation's Sec'y of Air Force, Harry Norton (N.J.); Attorney General, Rick J. Jo- William D. Lunn, capital during week of July 18-25; seph (Okla); Postmaster General, Mi- 17, of Muskogee, Okla., is elected vice president. chael L. Basil (Md.); Sec'y of Agricul- ture, Paul A. Dietrich (Mont.); Sec'y of

Gregory S. Gray, 16, of Gary, Ind., resentatives and met high government Interior, Thomas K. Hoffman (Ind.); Sec'y Commerce, Michael J. McCor- was elected President of the 1 969 Ameri- and military personages. The young dele- of (S.Dak.) Sec'y Labor, Brian L. can Legion Boys Nation at its 24th an- gates also formed their own Senate and mack ; of nual session held at American University debated two bills currently before Con- Nelson (Iowa); Sec'y of Health, Edu- in Washington, D.C. The week-long ex- gress. cation & Welfare, Robert J. Weinzimer (Md.) Chief Justice the U.S., George ercise in government for 100 high school Prior to the presidential election the ; of Jr.. Sec'y Trans- youths (two each from all states except youths were arbitrarily formed into two W. Henry, (Utah); of portation, D. Jeffrey Hollingsworth Hawaii plus two from the District of Co- political parties—the Federalists and the (Maine) and Sec'y Housing Urban lumbia) was held July 18-25. Nationalists. From there on they nomi- of & Development, David E. Morrison Running as a Federalist Party candi- nated their own candidates, wrote their (Neb.). date, young Greg—the second Negro in own party platforms with but little guid- three years to gain the top office—won ance from their volunteer Legionnaire election by a vote of 53-47 over his 17- counselors and ran their own elections. Palm Beach Legion Post Has year-old Nationalist opponent, Clinton Boys Nation, which is the natural cul- $400,000 Scholarship Fund B. Smith of Montgomery, Ala. mination of Boys State programs held Most Legion posts must scramble to The son of Mr. and Mrs. Rudolph V. around the country, is a function of the find enough money to sustain their com- Gray of Gary, Greg is a senior at Emer- National Americanism Commission un- munity programs. son H. S. and was Indiana Boys State der Chairman Daniel J. O'Connor Consider then, if you will, the plight Governor prior to coming to Boys Na- (N.Y.). The national organization of the Legion post at the other end of tion. He was sponsored by Tadeusz Kos- spends close to $20,000, annually to run the spectrum—the one with the awesome ciuszko American Legion Post 207. the one-week 100-youth Boys Nation responsibility of properly dispensing a In the race for the vice presidency, government symposium. tremendous amount of money in order William D. Lunn, 17, of Muskogee, President Gray's Cabinet appoint- to get the greatest possible benefit. Okla., running on a Nationalist ticket, won over Federalist Harry D. Norton, 16, of Trenton, N.J. Lunn is the son of Mr. and Mrs. Wil- liam D. Lunn, a senior at Muskogee Cen- tral H. S., and was Oklahoma's Boy State Lt. Governor. He was sponsored by James F. Smith Memorial American Le- gion Post 15 and by the Muskogee Eve- ning Optimist's Club. In extra-curricular activities, Greg was president of his sophomore class and vice president of the Student Council. When school reopens this month, he will be President of the Student Council and

Treasurer of the Senior Class ( 1969-70) He is also a Boy Scout and plans to study sociology at Indiana University.

Lunn is active in school and church affairs and in the National Forensic League. He is also a Boy Scout and has participated in the Legion's National High School Oratorical Contest. He is undecided as to which college to attend but plans to study law. During their week in the nation's cap- ital, the youths toured government build- ings and monuments all over town, vis- Boys Nation President Greg Gray (right) has his hand raised in victory sign by Vice ited their with various Senators and Rep- President Bill Lunn shortly after election at the 24th annual Boys Nation session. THE AMERICAN LEGION MAGAZINE • SEPTEMBER 1969 33 NEWS

of nine Brazilian industrialists, was in Cleveland for meetings with Ohio in- dustry leaders to promote investment in the development of Parana. One of the 17 states of Brazil, Parana is twice the size of Ohio, with a population of seven million. When the Alliance for Progress was formed in 1961, 41 states in the United States were given sister states in Latin America. Parana was assigned to Ohio because its multi-lingual nature was much like that of Ohio.

Post 12's Harry Johnston (I.) and Cmdr Hy White proudly display $300,000 check.

Such a post is West Palm Beach Post Flag Gifts from the Legion 12 of The American Legion of Florida Post 343, Euclid, Ohio, presented an which has some $400,000 to oversee for Flag for Ohio's sister state in Brazil Ohio State flag to Parana, Ohio's sister scholarship purposes. state in Brazil. The presentation was In the flag program of Post 203, Mil- post recently received its largest The made by Adjutant and Past District waukee, Wis., the service officer, Peter bequest, a gift the estate $300,000 from Cmdr Thaine Tryon, accompanied by Ksicinski, obtains burial flags from of the late Jarold Riddell West of that Immediate Past Cmdr Finley Gordon widows of deceased members and do- city to used in the post's be Helen Hoover and Chaplain Howard Cable to Dr. Ed- nates them to schools and civic, fraternal West Memorial Scholarship Division. gar Ribas, president of the Brazilian and religious organizations with the pro- This gift followed a $40,000 bequest Assoc. of the Partners of the Alliance vision that they be flown. In his six years made in May of 1966. An additional dis- for Progress. Dr. Ribas, heading a group as service officer he has obtained an tribution is expected to approximate

$10,000 when the estate is finally closed. Legion At July 4th West died in 1963 leaving an estate American Day Yankee Stadium On appraised at more than $2 million, most of it in real estate in and around Palm Beach and in New York State. Handling large sums of money for scholarship purposes is not new to Post

1 2. They've long had more than $50,000 available for scholarship grants or loans. One fund alone, the Anson A. Bigelow

Memorial Scholarship Division, is worth $50,000. Another, the Palm Beach Post

1 2 Loan Fund Division, is worth several thousand dollars. Since creation of the original scholar- ship fund during the 1950's, some $35,000 in loans and grants have been made with little or no default on repay- ment of the loans. Interest on the loans at the rate of about four per cent starts six months after the recipient leaves col- N. Y. City with the Pabst lege or other training school. Each year, the five county Legion organizations of combine Brewing Co., and the N. Y. Yankees baseball team to present a patriotic show for Yan- With close to $400,000 now in schol- kee baseball fans. This year's ceremony was held July 4th and was combined with a arship fund coffers. Post 12 should be recognition of the Legion's 50th Anniversary. Shown above handing out U.S. Flag able to increase their loans and grants by decals at the turnstiles with two Legion baseball players are some of the people re- sponsible for the event. At left, John Morahan, Legion program chairman; 2nd from quite a margin. right, Harold Gertler, N. Y. metropolitan division manager for the Pabst Brewing Co., President of the Palm Beach Post 12 and, right, Howard Berk, Yankee v.p. of Public Affairs. Over 40,000 decals were distri- American Legion Memorial Scholarship buted. Between games of the July 4th doubleheader, the Warriors— N. Y. City Mission Cadet Drum & Bugle Corps co-sponsored by the Col. Charles Young Legion Post of Funds, Inc., is Harry A. Johnston, a local — Harlem, marched and played selections from Porgy and Bess. The five county Legion attorney and Past Florida Department commanders of N. Y. City were presented plaques and personal U.S. Flags for en- and Past Post 12 Commander. couraging respect and honor to the flag by the Pabst Brewing Company. 34 THE AMERICAN LEGION MAGAZINE • SEPTEMBER 1969 NEWS

D-Day Commemorative Medal adjutant of Post 255, Tallmadge, Ohio, Manuel, of Tanglewilde; and Howard "our post takes the flags that have flown Jessen, Jr., Past Cmdr. over the graves of servicemen in our local cemetery during the three-day Memorial Day services. We take the flags off the flagstaffs and send them to the Commanding General of Vietnam who in turn distributes them to various units. We send the small flags so that they may be used by the members of our services to be worn as a pack or a pocket flag, or as a flag to place in the lockers or in

the day rooms or any similar area . . . or on small boats or on helicopters, etc.

We send approximately 1 50 to 1 90 each year. We've had several letters from commanders and one, from a base Ser- geant Major in the Air Force, said, in part: 'It is our intention to display these four flags in our four USAF dining halls here at Tan Son Nhut Air Base which are soon to be dedicated to four young air- men who were killed in action while in defense of this base during the Tet offen- " sive.' In honor of the 25th Anniversary of D-Day, the Legion's Nat'l Emblem Sales Division is making available a 25th Anni- Post 375, Calif.: gifts for Palo Alto versary Commemorative Medal as shown above. Struck by the Franklin Mint in nickel In Palo Alto, Calif., Mayor Edward silver, its actual size is slightly larger than Arnold (right in photo) accepts gift of a a silver dollar. Order your 1st edition mint- quality specimen packed in transparent film flag and a 35-foot flagpole from Post and mounted in a blue velour plaque with 375 Cmdr John Snow at dedication of gold lettering at $2 each from: National the new Baylands Athletic Center honor- Emblem Sales, The American Legion, P. O. ing the city's 75th anniversary. Box 1055, Indianapolis, Ind., 46206. On Coos Bay, Ore., Post 17 gave a flag- orders under $3, add 50i- for postage and handling. Allow four weeks for delivery pole, flag and plaque to the Coos Bay after minting. Library and the same to the Legion ball

park. In the photo, 1. to rt.: Sumner Herd, average of 12 a year. The widow receives Past Cmdr Dist. 9; Henry Lecocq, Past a letter of appreciation from the post; In Mass.: ready for 24-hour duty Cmdr Post 17; Ron Wood, Past Cmdr the recipient of the flag is also asked to Post 17; and John Mirrasol, Dist. 9 Sparked by Joseph Theodore, of Post write to the widow. She therefore is Cmdr. aware of where her husband's flag will 1, New Bedford, Mass., the practice of be flown. flying American flags illuminated at Flags were everywhere in Boston, night is now not an uncommon sight in Mass., as this group of wavers (see photo) Massachusetts. They are there for the watched a parade. Donated by Posts 78, Vietnam War's duration. On Feb. 15, 76, 327 and 386, the flags were distrib- 1968, floodlights atop New Bedford's uted by the Legion's Suffolk County City Hall were turned on to enable the CounciL city to fly the flag constantly. The idea came from Legionnaire Theodore, a city wire inspector of the Master Electricians Assoc., and 15 members of the Associa- tion donated time to erect the lights. In Post 17, Ore.: Legion ball park wins the photo, with State House flag, also

flying 24 hours a day, are Theodore; Post 1109, Chicago, III., dedicated a former House Speaker Robert Quinn, new flagpole. Fourth District Cmdr now state attorney general; and Rep. Cleveland Lee was the speaker and a George Rogers of New Bedford. Gold Star Mother placed a memorial Post 94, Lacey, Wasli., encouraged wreath on the pole. realtors and home building contractors In Canton, Ohio, Post 44 Cmdr Rob- Small flags for small fry in Mass. to give a new flag kit with the sale of ert Steffy and the post Color Guard (see To spark Flag Week, Post 5, East each home. Tanglewilde Properties, Inc., photo) presented a flag to Dick Galla- Liberty, Pa., produced a poster printed in the first firm to participate in this project, gher, director of the Nat'l Pro Football red, white and blue that promoted a purchased 36 kits from the post. The Hall of Fame. The flag originally cov- parade, the flag raising, and a flag essay photo shows the kick-off of the flag pro- ered the casket of Albert L. Singer, who contest, in cooperation with other com- gram, with Palmer Hansen, Post 94 is now buried in Arlington Nat'l Ceme- munity groups. Cmdr; Cliff Burke, of Tanglewilde; Mi- tery, and was presented to the post to

"Each year," writes L.J. Schoffman, chael Albert, Americanism Chmn; Jerry be utilized as the officers saw fit by the

THE AMERICAN LEGION MAGAZINE • SEPTEMBER 1969 35 NEWS.

place flags in Campton Township with- of Post and Units 124, 130, and 225, all out charge. So far, 66 flags have been of Falls Church, Va., to the town's Com- replaced, eight sold, and three given to munity Center. new recipients for display. L. to rt. in the photo: Mrs. Adrian Landreth, Auxiliary Americanism Chmn; Claude Hanson, supt., Kane Co. Hwy Commission; Charles Bowgren, Post 11 95; Mrs. David Sleeman, Auxiliary community service chmn; and Richard Hampel, chmn, Kane Co. board of supervisors. They are rais- ing a flag which has flown over the national capitol in Washington. Post 600, Warrensville Heights, Ohio, gave a flagpole and flag as a memorial to SP/4 Robert Davis, killed in combat in Vietnam. The installation was in the Post 44, Ohio & pro football's greats front yard of the home of the parents, Mr. and Mrs. George Davis. late Mr. Singer's sister, Bertha Hopper, of Canton. In Maryland, the Anne Arundel County Council presented a plaque and Post 521, Ohio: balloon-borne banner three flags to Lake Waterford Park, dedi- cated to the citizens of the county and to In a salute to America's fighting men, the veterans of all wars. The three Le- during half-time of a football game, the gionnaires in center foreground of the Shadyside (Ohio) H.S. band portrayed photo are, 1. to rt.: Joseph Combs, the American shield with red and white County Cmdr; Bill Brock, County Sgt.- stripes, white stars on a blue field, and at-Arms; and Perry Linthicum, Post 40, the American eagle (see photo). In the Ceremony Chmn. Hatless is John Mac- top rear, members of Post 521 released kell. County director of Recreation and Post 172, Mich.: gift to a hospital gas-filled balloons and a balloon-borne Parks. "God Bless America" banner while the Post 172, Rochester, Mich., presented crowd sang that song. a flagpole and a flag to the Crittenton Hospital. In the photo, raising the flag are John Dahlmann, Post 172, and Paul Fiore, of Clawson. Harry Stewart, commander of Post 386, East Detroit, Mich., ran into a prob- lem in the post's efforts to distribute flag decals—a Macomb Daily reporter pub- licized the campaign and soon the supply of decals was exhausted—temporarily. The fertile field for flag-giving offered by industry was invaded by Post 154,

School flags replaced by Post 487, Ind. Two third-graders in Lawrence (Ind.) Elementary School admire one of the

Post 256, Mich.: flags for schools 22 flags presented to their school by Fort Benjamin Harrison Post 487. Post Post 256, of Alma and St. Louis, Cmdr Frank Lobaido holds the flag. Mich., presented flags to the schools in the two communities. Post and Unit 1195, Wasco, III., re-

From Post 154, N.Y. to Typographers

Elmira Heights, N.Y., when it gave a flag to the Empire Typographical Con- ference, to be used at all its business sessions. In the photo, Paul Solometo, Palm Beach Post 12, Fla., had J. Milton Post 154 Cmdr, presents the flag to Wil- Patrick, of Skiatook, Okla., Past Nat'! lard Losinger, secretary-treasurer of the VC, left in photo, as speaker. Also in Conference. picture are Paschal Reese, Past Nat'l VC, of Post 12, and Arthur M. MacCarthy, new flag pole, the surrounding walk, A of Post 13, Tallahassee, National Exec- gifts L95, Wasco, III., replaces flags. and necessary landscaping were the utive Committeeman of Florida.

AMERICAN LEGION MAGAZINE • SEPTEMBER 196^ NEWS

BRIEFLY NOTED Dep't publication, captured first place in outstanding contribution to the Acad- The American Legion Press Assoc. 's emy. The selection committee is headed Best Post Publication, Category 1, com- by James V. Day, Past Nat'l Vice Cmdr petition for 1969. Nels Soderholm, of and former Nat'l Public Relations Direc- mm< POST Corpus Christi, Texas, ALPA president, tor of the Legion. mff. iSi announced also that the winner of Vm 5 PINTS ALPA's Editorial Award is Robert The Legion's child welfare program was PINTS m\ 5 Wilke, for his editorial, "Our Answer recognized by The American Humane m2 S PINTS mi 5 PJNTS to the Journal," which appeared in The Assoc. with a bronze award. The pro- 1944 5 PINTS Badger Legionnaire, the Wisconsin gram was cited "for its record of success- m5 5 PINTS Dep't publication. Wilke is the Wiscon- ful achievement dedicated to the general 1946 5 PINTS sin Dep't adjutant. welfare of our nation's children and W47 5 PINTS The News of Post 166, of Alliance, especially for the valuable cooperation 1

The Michigan Legionnaire, the Michigan

Sea food gift from Maine to Georgia COMRADES IN DISTRESS Dep't of Maine Legion officials pre- Readers who can help these veterans are urged to do so. Usually a statement is needed sented Maine Sea Food Chests on behalf in support of a VA claim. of Curtis to the Dep't of Notices are run only at the request of Ameri- Gov. Kenneth can Legion Service Officers representing Georgia, representing best wishes for a claimants, using approved forms available only Post 409, Mich., honors new Tiger. from State Legion Service Officers. successful National Convention. In the

photo are, 1. to rt.: Nat'l Executive Com- Tresh, former Yankee 58th QM Sales Co, Burdon-on-the-Trent, Aug. Tom New York 1944—Information is needed by Eibert F. mitteeman Merlon Kingsley, of Strong, ballplayer who joined the Detroit Tigers Henderson from anyone who knows of his injuring his spine in a fall through roof while Me.; Past Dep't Cmdr (1968-69) Dan this season, was given a plaque by a repairing roof on Aug. 19, 1944. He was con- Lambert, of Orrington, Me., a member youngster, Lee Junge, at a home plate fined to dispensary two days. Need info from M/Sgt Crumshaw, Cpl Sirros, Sgt Cooper of the Nat'l Public Relations Commis- welcoming ceremony in Tigerland. From (Mess Sgt), 2nd Cook January, Sgt McMahon (Supply Sgt), Motor Sgt Goleskie, Motor Me- sion; William Miller, Nat'l Convention the left in the photo are Sal Scarpace. chanic Thornton, etc. Write to: "CD9, Amer- Director; George Osborne, Dep't Ad- commander of Post 409, Allen Park, ican Legion Magazine, 720 5th Ave., New York, N.Y. 10019." jutant, Georgia, and Convention Chair- Mich.; John Metelski, Allen Park mayor; Heerman Gulf, P.I., Oct. USS (DD532), Leyte man; and William Rogers, of New York Tresh and Junge; and Al Kazan, Presen- 1944—Information is needed from anyone who knows of Jose B. Velarde and his acci- City and the Dep't of Maine, Consultant, tation Committee chairman. Tresh, who dent on 25 Oct. 1944 in which, while on dam- age repair, a concussion knocked him loose Nat'l Convention Commission. was formerly a member of the Allen from injuring hatch, hand and shoulder. Need Park-sponsored Legion baseball team, info from Hodges, Martindale, Johnson, etc. Write to: "CDIO American Legion Magazine, The Maine American Legion Maritime was also given a key to the city and a 720 5th Ave., New York, N.Y. 10019." NAS Pensacola, Fla. (Sept.-Oct. 1918)—In- Achievement Award was presented to medallion at the Yankee-Detroit pre- formation needed by William L. Wainright Rear Adm. Edward F. Rodgers (USN- game ceremony. In fulfillment of local from any comrades who recall his injuring his back while on a detail bringing in a sea Ret.), Supt. of the Maine Maritime esprit, the Tigers edged the Yanks, 6-5, plane from the sea shore upland in bad in the ninth. weather. His back was injured in fall from Academy at Castine. The award, de- tail of plane. Need particularly to hear from signed to voice Legion support of the Comrade London. Write to: "CDll, American Legion Magazine, 720 5th Ave., New York, Merchant Marine service, will be given Post 1242, Brooklyn, N.Y., has given a N.Y. 10019." annually to the citizen making the most top Legion award to John J. McMullen, THE AMERICAN LEGION MAGAZINE • SEPTEMBER 1969 37 NEWS

a member of the post and board chair- Much of the activity of the Minnesota second floor, the post hopes to accommo- man and president of United States Speed Skating Assoc.—training young date mass events such as auto and boat Lines, for activities in support of the skaters, holding competition, etc.—is shows. Past Cmdr Harry Dugan stands U.S. Merchant Marine. sponsored by the various Legion posts. in front. In fact, all the 1968 speed skating cham- pions in the six age classifications were Legion sponsored. The posts are getting ready for the new season and not too far in the back of their minds is the goal of "Gold in '72"—one or more gold medals in the 1972 Olympics. Among the posts in Minnesota sponsoring speed skating are Post 251, Post 208, Post 233, Post 343, New Castle, Pa., dedicated its Post 555, Post 440, Post 540, Post 504, new air conditioned post home, recently. Post 231, and Post 472. The final good deed of a WWl nurse was recognized when a plaque was presented to Post 56, Veteran, Wye, commemo- rating a $3,000 nurses' scholarship fund left by the late Nan R. Hughes, a Legion- Post 560, Houston, Texas, gave trophies naire for 45 years. for Best Individual Soldier contest at Gulf Annual Drill & Rifle matches. Al A TV set won by Illinois's 7th District Naupold, a Past Post Cmdr, presents winner's prize to Cadet Capt. Daniel in a membership competition was turned Stastney of Austin H.S. Unit. over to the Orchard School for Retarded Children in Skokie at a party staged by Post 46, Union City, N.J., was praised Post 134, Morton Grove. in the columns of the Hudson Dispatch: "The Post 28, Okinawa, Cmdr Jesse Cotter American Legion Post 46 is a fine Post 27, Dover, N.J., co-sponsored with gives check for $400 to USARYIS Cmd example of involvement and our hats are Sgt/Mai A. Castele, president, Parent the Morristown Daily Record a program off to its membership. They have coop- Teachers, Mercy Elementary School, for to unite a family from behind the Iron erated purchase considerably with us in the area of projectors for school. Curtain. Josef and Maria Brezina, both of rehabilitation. Post 46 has helped us in their late 70s, arrived from Prague, to establish lines of communication with Czechoslovakia, via Air India and were men overseas in military service in Viet- greeted by their son, Joseph, whom they and with nam returning veterans. hadn't seen in 21 years. He escaped from Through this post, which picked up the the Soviet satellite during the Commu- tab on costs, we were able to provide nist takeover in 1948. The couple had those in with men uniform vocational prayed to see Joseph and five grand- and educational material that would as- children before the old people died. The sist in focusing them on their aims, goals, reunion was made possible through joint and interests so that they might begin fund raising by the newspaper, Post 27, investigating for future plans." and the Brezina children's after-school jobs.

American Legion Life Insurance Post 872, Chicago, awards Citation for Month Ending June 30, 1969 Meritorious Service to Exchange Nat'l Benefits paid Jan. 1-Jiine 30, 1969 $ 754,535 Benefits paid since Bank of Chicago, recognizing contin- April 1958 7,413,689 Basic Units in force (number) 161,629 uous support and participation in the New Applications approved since Legion's Poppy Day campaign. Shown Jan. 1, 1969 2,893 are PC G.E. Glenn and S.W. Sax, the New Applications rejected 548 Exchange National Bank president. American Legion Life Insurance is an official program of The American Legion, adopted by the National Executive Committee, 1958. It is decreasing term insurance, issued on appUca- tion to paid-up members of The American Legion subject to approval based on health and employment statement. Death benefits range from $11,500 (full unit up through age 29) in decreasing steps with age to termination of insurance at end of year in which 75th birth- Post 30, New Castle, Del., sponsored a day occurs. Quoted benefit includes 15% "bonus" in excess of contract amount. For Soap Box Derby racer with driver Bobby calendar year 1969 the 15^^ "across the board" Anderson. Left to right are Post Cmdr increase in benefits will continue to all partici- C. Elwood Johnson, Lew Anderson, and pants in the group insurance plan. Available in half and full units at a flat rate of $12 or $24 a 2nd District Cmdr Don Neil. year on a calendar year basis, pro-rated during the first year at $1 or $2 a month for insurance approved after January 1. Underwritten by two Post 136, Mount Kisco, N.Y., sponsored commercial life insurance companies. American Big plans for new Vermont post home Legion Insurance Trust is managed the King Brothers three-ring circus in a Fund by trustee operating under the laws of Missouri. performance at Montrose VA Hospital Pictured here is the new home of Post No other insurance may use the full words "American Legion." Administered by The for 1,700 patients on the hospital 26, White River Junction, Vt., which American Legion Insurance Department, P.O. Box 5609. Chicago, Illinois 60680, to which grounds. cost $250,000. In its banquet hall on the write for more details. 38 THE AMERICAN LEGION MAGAZINE • SEPTEMBER 1969 NEWS

Edward C. Headman Post 217, of Wy- andotte, Mich., was honored to have as its guest, recently, Edward T. Scala, of Elmira, N.Y. Mr. Scala, who played "Taps" 50 years ago at the burial of Lt. Headman in France, made the trip to Wyandotte to dedicate that same bugle to the post. Cmdr Paul Walker reports that a glass showcase is being made to hold this treasure for all to see. Chapl. E. Albertine, Post 83, Branford, Conn., presents TV set to Dr. J. Goffinett, A $1,600 gift from Post 803, N.Y. Dir., Renal Dialysis, West Haven VA Hospital, and Mrs. C. Lambert, R.N. Post 803, Southold (Long Island), N.Y., has made a $1,600 donation to the North Fork Auxiliary Assoc. of Retarded Chil- dren. In the photo. Past Post Cmdr Cur- tus Horton presents the check to Mrs. Florence Hildsheim, treasurer of the As- sociation. Looking on are Post 803 Cmdr Edward Grohoski and Reginald Miner, president. Board of Directors, Suffolk County Chapter, Assoc. of Retarded Children.

New service car for Post 126, Idaho New York's 8th District gave a spinet piano to the Buffalo In the VA Hospital. The jaunting car in the photo belongs to photo are (I. to rt.) Joseph Herberger, Post Melba, Idaho (101 members Erie Co. Cmdr; William Kelly, 8th Dist. 126, Cmdr; Dr. Herbert Fineberg, Buffalo VA in a town of 197 persons), is a Commu- Hospital Director; and Michael Kogutek, nity Service Car, and will serve all the the New York Legion Dep't Cmdr. surrounding towns. Just completed, it is already scheduled for seven fund rais- Post 47, Rollinsford, N.H., has had 16 ing projects and about ten parades. The consecutive years in which its all-time driver in this picture (which was taken membership high has been exceeded. in front of the State House in Boise) is The post has given a modern softball Don Samuelson, governor of Idaho, a field to the community, dedicated to the 20-year member of Post 1 5 at Sandpoint Gold Star Mothers. (he's wearing Dept Adjutant Lou Babb's Albany, Calif.: Post 292 FO, Carl Waters, Post 2 hat, however). Alongside the gov- Post 391, Fremont, Wis. (population writes $402 check, proceeds of the 17th ernor is Post 126 Cmdr Vern Heyer. 575), sponsors a Boy Scout troop of 42 annual Night of Basketball, March of Dimes. Alvin Willis, project Gen. Chmn, which had five recipients of the Eagle accepts from W. McKenna, Dimes City Post 20, Milton, Del., has maintained Scout award at a recent Boy Scout Court Chmn, plaque honoring post efforts. Past of Honor. Cmdr Walter L. Holland looks on. its record of being the first in the nation to reach membership quota for the com- THE AMERICAN LEGION Post Germany, led by its commander ing year. The first transmittal of 1970 NATIONAL HEADQUARTERS 1, MAY 31. 1969 at the time, Sgt. Maj. Chester Wolkonow- membership dues was received by the ASSETS ski, gave $150 to the American Red Nat'l Treasurer on June 30 from the Cash on hand and on Deposit S 2,030, 318.15 Receivable 191, 067.94 Cross to be spent for the servicemen in Dep't of Delaware, including 103 ad- Inventories 499, 800.63 Vietnam. The money bought what the vance enrollments from Post 20. Post 20 Invested Funds 3,710, 550.98

Trust Funds : 22nd Casualty Staging Flight Hospital has not only reached its quota for 1970, Overseas Graves Decoration needed: curtains plus electric has already set a all-time, Trust Fund 299,912.97 — two but new, mem- Employees Retirement shavers. bership high. Trust Fund 4,410,259.68 4,710, 172.65 Real Estate 821,,531.81 Furniture & Fixtures, Less Depreciation 322, 000.86 l.VLE KK.\USE PIIOTCl Deferred Charges 119.,091.69 $ 12,404,.524.71 LIABILITIES, DEFERRED REVENUE & NET WORTH Current Liabilities S 585, 186.78 Funds Restricted as to use 216..710.20 Deferred Income 1,784..823.51 Trust Funds: Overseas Graves Decoration Trust Fund 299,912.97 Employees Retirement Trust Fund 4,410,259.68 4,710 Net Worth: Reserve Fund 650,553.31 Restricted Fund 1,478,618.71 Real Estate 821,521.81 Reserve for Rehabilitation 320,929.59 Reserve for Child Welfare 114,461.91

Reserve for Convention .... 60,000.00

Reserve for Publication .... 39,513.78 3,48i,.599.11 Unrestricted Capital 1 ,622,032.46 5,107 ,631.57 Membership Caravan Legionnaires of 11th District, III., pause after a bolstering tl2,404. 524.71 breakfast at Post 482, Union, before setting out on a vigorous membership drive. THE AMERICAN LEGION MAGAZINE • SEPTEMBER 1969 39 NEWS

NEW POSTS John J. Corcoran, appointed general Fred Higgason, of Norfolk. Va.. alter- counsel of the Veterans Administration, nate Nat'l Executive Commiteeman in The American Legion lias recently according to an announcement by Don- 1947-49 and Nat'l Executive Commit- chartered the following new posts: ald E. Johnson, VA administrator. Cor- teeman from May 25 to Aug. 6, 1949. Federal Post 202, Denver. Colo.; coran, former Nat'l Rehabilitation Di- Arlo Q. Leavitt Post 44, Mesquite. rector for the Legion, has been serving OUTFIT REUNIONS Nev.; Baxter-Lybrand Post 371. Vale. as assistant to the general counsel. Reunion will be held in month indicated. For N.C.: Daniel Nieves Morales Post 143, particulars, write person whose address is given. Moca, P.R.; and William Graves Post Notices accepted on official form only. For form send stamped, addressed return envelope 290. Silverton. Texas. to O. R. Form, American Legion Magazine, 720 Fifth Ave., New York, N.Y. 10019. Notices Ben Phillips Manheimer, 74, of St. Louis, should be received at least five months before PEOPLE IN THE NEWS Mo., Past Dep't Cmdr (1949-50). scheduled reunion. No written letter necessary to get form. Adolph Bremer, of Winona. Minn., a Earliest submission favored when volume of requests is too great to print all. member of the Legion's Nat'l Publica- Philip R. Bangs, 77, of Grand Forks, tions Commission, appointed editor-in- N.D.. Past Dep't Cmdr (1921-22) and ARMY 3rd N.J. Inf Nat'l Guard, chief of the Winona Daily & Sunday Nat'l Executive Committeeman in 1922- Co H (WWl)— (Nov.) Ernest Knierim, 510 Staffa St., West Allen- News. The announcement was made by 23. hurst, N.J. 07711 8th Dlv (WWl)— (Nov.) Henry Buckley, 510 William F. White, publisher. Bremer has Bryant St., San Francisco, Charles Conrad Kapschull, 77, Illinois CaUf. 94107 been managing editor since Aug. 1, 1967. 11th Field Art'y— (Nov.) Robert Summers, 293 Past Dep't Cmdr (1933-34) and Nat'l N. Maple Ave., East Orange, N.J. 07017 78th Dlv— (Oct.) E. W. Werner. 1602 in 1934-35. Delaware Executive Committeeman Ave., Durham. N.C. 27705 Richard A. Barnes, of the Legion's 90th Div (WWl)— (Nov.) Marvin Watts, 702 Washington office, named a Legion Beacon Bldg., Tulsa, Okla. 74103 of Robert Leroy McMillan, Sr., 80, 105th Field Art'y— (Oct.) Lyndon Woodward, claims representative at the Board of Raleigh, N.C., Past Dep't Cmdr (1941- 265 Dorchester Rd., River Edge, N.Y. 07661 Veterans Appeals. 106th Inf Anti-tank Co— (Oct.) A.T. Co., 106th 42) and a Nat'l Vice Cmdr in 1943-44. Inf., P.O. Box 106, Catskill, N.Y. 12414 108th Field Art'y (WWl)— (Oct.) Henry Martin, 522 Cypress St., Yeadon, Pa. 19050 Cilman H. (Gil) Stordock, Sr., 74. of Ben Clark Hilliard, 70, of Denver, Colo., 109th Eng Reg't (WWl)— (Oct.) H.S. Seymour. 601 Kilpatrick Bldg., Omaha, 68102 Waupaca. Wis., honored with a "Patri- Nat'l Executive Committeeman in 1943- Nebr. 111th Eng, Co D (WWl)— (Nov.) S.N. Gold- otic American for his lifetime of Day" 45, and a candidate during the late man, P.O. Box 1258, Oklahoma City, Okla. Legion service. He has held the posts of 116th Field Sig Bn (WWl)— (Dec.) Will Clark, 1 940s for Nat'l of the Legion. Cmdr 6210 E. Greenlake Way No., Seattle, Wash. Dep't Assistant Service Officer. Dep't 116th Inf, Co F (WWl)— (Nov.) Robert Rag- land, 3201 Pasley Ave. S.W., Roanoke, Va. Adjutant. Dep't Cmdr, Nat'l Executive Vir- R. Worth Shumaker, 77, of West 128th Field Art'y (AEF)— (Nov.) David Corri- Committeeman, and Nat'l Vice Cmdr. ginia, who served as acting director and gan, 322 S. Old Archard Ave., Webster Groves, Mo. 63119 He is now secretary of the Waupaca assistant director of the Nat'l American- 141st Inf, Co I (WWl)— (Oct.) R.H. Tobin, Chamber of Commerce. He "retired" in ism Division from 1941-52. Rocksprings, Texas 78880 143rd Inf, Co C (WWl)— (Nov.) M.P. Stewart. as of the 1960 commandant Grand 1475 Cartwright, Beaumont. Texas 77701 at King. Wis. 144th Inf, Co (Oct.) Summers, Army Home for Veterans Marshall Blackard, 53, of Blytheville, E— Cy RFD #2 Box 204, Mexia, Texas 76567 Ark.. Past Dep't Cmdr (1958-59) and a 158th Field Hosp Co (WWl)— (Nov.) Conrad William F. Gormley, of Philadelphia. Baker. 1937 Park Ave., San Jose, Calif. 95126 member of the Nat'l Executive Commit- 161st Inf, Cos K, L, M— (Nov.) Jack Blum, 5631 Pa., elected president of the Pennsyl- tee in 1961-63. He had been a member Buena Vista Ave., Oakland, Calif. 94618 206th CA AA— (Aug.) Bill Chambers, 2502 S. vania State Assoc. of County Directors of the Legion's Nat'l Constitution and Harrison St., Little Rock. Ark. 72204 of Veterans Affairs. 305th Inf, Co. E (WWl)— (Oct.) Elliott Pratt, 16 By-Laws Committee since 1963. W. Hitchcock Ave., Floral Park, N.Y. 11001 308th Inf, Co L— (Oct.) Roy Mannering, 567 92nd St., Brooklyn, N.Y. 11209 E. Roy Stone, Jr., of Greenville. S.C., Howard Dessert, of Mosinee, Wis., an 322nd Field Sig (WWl)— (Nov.) No. Cahf. Sec- member of the Legion's Nat'l Executive tion. A.O. Stevenson. 1474 30th Ave., San Alternate Nat'l Executive Committee- Francisco, Calif. 94122: So. Calif. Section: Committee and chairman of the Resolu- man in 1926-28. Dave Levinson. 7100 Van Nuys Blvd., Van Nuys, Calif. 91405 tions Subcommittee, given The Ameri- 357th Reg, HQ Co— (Oct.) Frank Fultz, 61 can Legion's Distinguished Service Peach La.. Lancaster, Pa. 17601 Thomas M. Bohan, 70, of Ulster Park, 389th F A Bn, Bat C— (Oct.) Melvin Goetze. Award of the South Carolina Dep't. In N.Y.. while serving as a counselor at 6276 Charlotteville Rd., Newfane. N.Y. 14108 449th AAA AW Bn, Bat B— (Oct.) George addition to his Legion service on all New York Boys' State. He also served Elliott, Jr.. 199 Karen Lee Rd., Glastonbury. Conn. 06033 levels, Roy has been active in the annual for many years as a counselor at Boys' 463rd AAA AW Bn— (Oct.) John Cantelli. 98 Goodfellow Club, which solicits funds Nation in Washington. D.C. Woodruff Rd., Farmington, Conn. 06032 724th Trans Rwv Op Bn (Korea)— ( Oct.) Lynn and buys food for needy families at Moore, 869 Edgehill Rd., Glenside, Pa. 19038 Christmas time, and on the board gov- 1190th Eng Base Depot Op— (Oct.l James Dunn. Mrs. Carmine CasoUni, wife of the Dept. 6441 Brookshire Dr.. Dallas, Texas 75230 erning the State Vocational Rehabilita- Adjutant of Italy, in Rome. Ambulance Co 128— (Nov.) Raymond Moeller, 15 State Park Dr., Bay City. Mich. 48706 tion Agency, which assists handicapped Washington Coast Art'v (39th, 48th. 63rd. 65th, (Nov.) Floyd Oles, 1018 S. 60th people in many ways, especially in train- Michael M. Markowitz, 72, of Harris- & 69th CAO— St., Tacoma, Washington, 98408 ing and job placement. burg. Pa., alternate Nat'l Executive Committeeman in 1942-44, a former NAVY 13th Marine Reg't, Co I (WWl)— (Nov.) Henry John H. (Jack) Conrad, 32, of Dover. field secretary with the Legion, and Vlymen, 1445 Lawrence Ave., Rockville Del., a Navy Medical Corpsman for 12 former rehabilitation director of Penn- Centre, N. Y. 11570 Great White Fleet (T.R.'s)— (Dec.) EG. years, including combat in Vietnam, who sylvania. Richard, 326 Juniper St.. San Diego, Calif. USS Douglas H. Fox (DD779)— (Dec.) John has joined the Nat'l Rehabilitation staff McDonnough, RR i 1 Stewartville. Minn. as a claims representative. Edward R. Perkins, of Rome, Italy, Past USS Raymond (DE 341, WW2)— (Oct.) Tony Castelli, 10 Mantle Dr., Whitesboro. N.Y. 13492

Dep't Cmdr (1950-53). USS Silica (1X151)— (Nov. i M.C. Fitzgerald, P.O. Box 132, Merced, Calif. 95340 George K. Walker, Past Nat'l Vice Cmdr (1960-61), appointed acting postmaster Dr. Ray A. Stratton, 74. of Huron. S.D., MISCELLANEOUS for the Metropolitan Boston, Mass.. Past Dep't Cmdr and alternate Nat'l Ex- CCS Class 82 AAA (Cmd 2 Dec. '43, Camp Davis, N.C.)— (Dec.) John Brau. PO Box 3276. area. ecutive Committeeman (1944-45). Midland, Texas 79701 40 THE AMERICAN LEGION MAGAZINE • SI PTEMBER 1969 Check right now to see if you qualify for this ^'extra cash" Veterans Benefit Plan

...if you do, simply complete the Enrollment Form

at the end of this ad, then mail it before Midni ght, ^1^^ October 1 . 1969 -and we'll enroll you at once for only

Yes No YOU QUALIFY NOW IF YOU CAN ANSWER 'YES" TO THESE 3 QUESTIONS: Do you hold an honorable discharge from the Armed Forces of the U.S.? Are you not serving on active duty at this time? Are you not receiving VA disability pension or compensation at this time?

This could well be the most impor- both earning power and family obliga- addition to any other company s insur- tant set of benefits ofiFered to you tions are at a peak— and also the years ance you carry, group or individual, or since you were discharged! Now— as a when serious health problems begin to even Medicare . . . plus a big extra cash qualified veteran— you can take advan- take their toll. That's why you probably lump sum for permanent disability . . . tage of this "extra cash" Veterans Bene- already carry regular health insurance. and, for the first time, actually pays fit Plan that not only pays you valuable But it's a fact that in these "danger cash to your doctor to help him keep money when you are hospitalized— and years" ordinary health insurance— by you well! Of course, you may have only a big lump-sum cash benefit if you itself— simply isn't enough. one like policy with Physicians Mutual. should become permanently disabled— That's why the 67-year-old Physi- Pays "Extra Cash" When You're but, in addition, actually pays cash for cians Mutual Insurance Company—run Hospitah'zed Pays Money to Help a yearly check-up by your own doctor by doctors—has created this low-cost — Keep You Well and Out of the Hospital to help him keep you in the best pos- plan to give you the extra cash protec- sible health! tion you need no matter what other As your doctor will tell you, few Most veterans are in their late thir- coverage you have. It pays tax-free, ex- things are more important to your ties, forties, and fifties— the years when pense-free extra cash direct to you in health than regular medical check-ups. (continued on next page)

PLAN PAYS $100.00 A WEEK TAX-FREE CASH DIRECT TO YOU WHEN YOU'RE HOSPITALIZED ..rEXTRA CASH" OVER AND ABOVE ALL BENEFITS FROM OTHER INSURERS, EVEN MEDICARE... PLUS LUMP-SUM $10,000.00 IF YOU'RE

PERMANENTLY DISABLED ... PLUS ADDITIONAL CASH TO HELP KEEP YOU WELL

Here's how the Veterans Benefit Plan sary exceptions: war, military service, extra cash benefit. Of course, you must

works: $100.00 a week ( $14.28 a day) will mental disorder, alcoholism or drug ad- have been employed full time for at least be paid directly to you from the very first diction, sevice-connected disability for 6 months before you became totally dis- day of hospital confinement — even for which you are receiving government com- abled and your policy must remain in con- one day — and for as long as 52 weeks, pensation or pension, or conditions cov- tinuous force during the 12-month dis- each time a new sickness or accident hos- ered by Workmen's Compensation or Em- ability period. pitalizes you. Even if you have been in the ployers Liability Laws. You are free to hospital for a full year — and have col- use any hospital in the world except only: Pays Extra Money to Help Keep You lected your full $5,200.00 of benefits, as nursing homes; convalescent, extended- in the Best Possible Health long as you have kept your policy in care, or self-care units of hospitals; or Fed- To encourage you to see your doctor regu- force you will be entitled to all your bene- eral hospitals. larly, Veterans Benefit Plan will pay up to fits all over again if you have been out of $10.00 toward the cost of an annual rou- the hospital for at least six months. Benefit $10,000.00 Lump-Sum Cash tine physical check-up. You see your own

Think of it! You're protected immedi- Unlike any other disability insurance, Vet- doctor any time within 60 days after you ately for new accidents off the job. After erans Benefit pays you $10,000.00 extra receive your notice. you've had your policy 30 days, you're cash in one lump sum if you become covered for new sicknesses, and when permanently and totally disabled from any • Off-the-job accidents covered im- mediately, as soon policy you've had your poUcy for only one year, new sickness or accident. as your is in force • New sicknesses cov- you're covered for chronic ailments you've If, before age 60, you are totally dis- ered after your policy is 30 days had in the past — conditions that come abled for 12 consecutive months, and old • Even pre-existing conditions back again and again or are likely to recur. doctors determine you are unable to work are covered after only one year! There are only these minimum neces- at any job, you are entitled to this big

THE AMERICAN LEGION MAGAZINE • SEPTEMBER 1969 41 Read here and on the preceding page about how you may (continued from preceding page) The most serious illnesses (cancer, for ing in even when you are on the sick- yourself permanently unable to work. example ) can often be cured when de- list and hospitalized? Debts could pile Perhaps you'd receive small monthly tected early enough. To encourage you up fast — and your savings swiftly dis- payments from social security or other to see your doctor regularly, the Vet- appear. You may recover your health insurance, but this big lump sum could erans Benefit Plan actually helps pro- — but you might never recover from be a lifesaver toward wiping out large vide a yearly routine physical check-up. the tremendous financial loss. debts or helping to pay off your mort-

But even if you see your doctor reg- Now, however, you can stop worry- gage. Or perhaps you'd want to use it for your children's or invest ularly, you might still be hospitalized ing about where the extra cash is going education it for income. by a sudden accident or unexpected to come from — if you take advantage needed illness. Would your present insurance of the extra cash protection offered by cover all your medical expenses? Al- the Veterans Benefit Plan. Why the Plan Has Been Called "the most surely, the answer is no. Best Insurance Buy Smce G. I. Not only does it provide exti-a pro- Life Insurance" But even if it did, what about your tection when you are hospitalized — but family's living expenses? Who would it pays you a big extra cash lump-sum With all these extra cash benefits, you

pay the rent or mortgage . . . your benefit for permanent disability. Con- might expect the Veterans Benefit Plan monthly payments . . . the food bills sider what this big lump-sum payment to be very expensive. But here's the and all the other bills that keep on com- could do for you if you should find best news of all! It costs only $4.95 a

// you Nave Questions, Here's aHandy Checklist ofAnswers

1 What is the Veterans Benefit Plan? fij if I become hospitalized, when do my you must have been employed full time for at I I benefits begin? least six months before you became totally dis- It is a new non -government insurance plan for abled and your policy must remain in continuous honorably discharged veterans of the Armed $100.00 a week ($14.28 a day) will be paid di- force during the 12-month disability period. Forces of the United States—who are not now rectly to you from the very first day of hospital on active duty and who are not receiving com- confinement. 13 Can I drop out at any time? Can you pensation or pension for service-connected or drop me?

non-service-connected disability from the Veter- How long will I be paid? We will never cancel or refuse to renew your ans Administration—that pays extra cash direct For as long as 52 weeks (as much as $5,200.00) policy for health reasons—for as long as you live to you when you are hospitalized, plus an addi- while you are hospitalized for a new sickness and continue to pay your premiums. We guar- tional lump-sum payment for permanent dis- or accident. Each new period of hospital con- antee that we will never cancel, modify, or ability. In addition, the Veterans Benefit Plan finement pays up to the full 52 weeks bene- terminate your policy unless we decline renewal provides a physical examination benefit each fit, as long is as there an interval of six months or modify all policies of this type in your entire year to help your doctor keep you in the best from the last hospital confinement. state. You, of course, can drop your policy on any possible health. renewal date. 8 When does my policy go into force?

14 How do I report a claim? I need the extra cash of the 2 Why do It becomes effective on the date your Enroll- — in addition to Veterans Benefit Plan my ment is received. New accidents are covered With your policy, you will receive a simple,

regular health insurance? on that date. After your policy has been in easy-to-use Claim Form which you send directly to the company when you wish to report a claim. Probably your present hospital insurance won't force for 30 days, you are covered for new sick- nesses which begin thereafter. cover all your hospital expenses. But even if 15 How much does it cost to join?

it does, you will still need help to pay all your 9 What if I have had a health problem that Only $1.00, regardless of age. After your first other expenses at home. And if you become may occur again? you only permanently disabled, you can surely use an month pay $4.95 a month through age only $5.95 a month from age 50 through additional lump-sum payment in cash, to help Pre-existing conditions are covered after your 49; 59; and only $6.95 a from age 60. you pay off large debts, your mortgage, or put policy has been in force for only one year. month to some other important use. 16 Why are the premiums so low? 10 What isn't covered? First, we believe veterans, as a group, are Only these exceptions: war, military service, How do I get my "physical" each year? 3 better insurance risks. Second, by encouraging mental disorder, alcoholism or drug addiction, Benefit Plan actually pays your own regular check-ups, we hope to minimize the Veterans service-connected or non-service-connected dis- doctor up to $10.00 annually toward your routine chances of hospitalization and permanent dis- ability for which you are receiving government examination (but only if you want it). ability. Finally, this is a mass enrollment plan physical compensation or pension, or any condition special forms yearly to take to your —and no salesmen are used. You get covered by Workmen's Compensation or Em- he can give you your check-up within doctor so ployers Liability Laws. 17 Why is there a "deadline" date? 60 days. 11 Does the Veterans Benefit Plan pay in In order to offer the Plan to properly qualified any hospital? veterans without any other requirements and 4 Can 1 collect even though I carry other I [ still maintain our low rate, we can only make health insurance? You will be covered in any hospital in the world the Plan available on this basis during a limited except nursing homes; convalescent, extended- Yes. This Plan pays you in addition to any other enrollment period. The deadline date is firm— units of hospitals; or Federal company's health insurance you carry, whether care, or self-care we cannot accept the enclosed Enrollment unless hospitals. group or individual—even in addition to Medi- postmarked on or before that date. care. Of course, you may have only one like if 1 become permanently disabled? 18 Why should I enroll right now? policy with Physicians Mutual. 12 What

Should you become totally disabled for 12 Because an unexpected sickness or accident consecutive months before you reach the age could strike without warning— and you will not is there a lot of red tape to qualify? of 60, and it is medically determined that you be covered until your policy is in force. Remem-

No. The only qualification is that you are an are unable to work at any job, you are entitled ber, if for any reason you change your mind, you honorably discharged veteran, as noted in (1) to a permanent total disability benefit—a lump may return your policy within 10 days and your above. Even veterans over 65 are welcome. sum of $10,000.00 in fax-free cash! Of course, $1.00 will be refunded promptly.

42 THE AMERiCAN LEGION MAGAZINE • SEPTEMBER 1969 ) qualify now for this valuable Veterans Benefit Plan

month through age 49 — from age 50 gators are used. It all adds up to high at any cost! Mail your Enrollment to- through 59 only $5.95 a month - 60 quality protection at low cost. day. The same day we receive it, we and over, only $6.95. And regardless of will issue your Veterans Benefit Policy Offered by "the Doctors Company" your age, you get your first month for (Form P321 Series) and automatically only $1.00. Your policy is backed by the resources, put your policy in force. integrity, and reputation of Physicians We'll also send you an easy-to-use Extra Benefits Give You Real Security Mutual Insurance Company, "the doc- Claim Form so that when you need and Peace of Mind tors' company" since 1902. For many your benefits you will have it ready to years we specialized in health insur- use. In addition, you'll receive special For as long as you live and continue to ance for physicians, surgeons, and forms each year to take to your doctor pay your premiums, we will never can- dentists exclusively. Headquartered in for your medical check-up. cel or refuse to renew your policy for Omaha, Nebraska, where it is incorpo- health reasons — and we guarantee that No Risk — No Obligation rated and licensed. Physicians Mutual we will never cancel, modify, or termi- now serves hundreds of thousands of JUST ONE THING MORE! Because nate your policy unless we decline re- policyholders in all walks of life all this is a Limited Enrollment we can newal or modify all policies of this type across America direct by mail. Our only accept enrollments postmarked on in your entire state. Board of Directors is still composed en- or before the deadline date. But please tirely of respected members of the med- don't wait until the deadline. The How We Can Offer So Much ical, dental, and insurance professions. sooner we receive your Enrollment, for So Little No branch, department, or instru- the sooner the plan will cover you. We Information recently revealed by the mentality of the United States Govern- cannot cover you if your policy is not Veterans Administration (NSLI) shows ment has any connection with this Plan in force. that veterans live longer and are in bet- or with Physicians Mutual. No veterans Simply fill out the form below and ter health than the general male popu- organization is in any way connected mail it with $1.00 today. When you lation. That's why it is possible for you with this offering. receive your policy, you'll see that it — as a properly qualified veteran — to is simple and easy to understand. But Why You Should Enroll Today directly benefit from the low cost of if for any reason you change your mind, this remarkable plan! Once accident or illness strikes, it will you may return it within 10 days and Secondly, by encouraging our mem- be to late to get "extra cash" protection we will promptly refund your dollar! bers to take regular check-ups each year, we hope to keep more of our pol- PHYSICIAIVS MUTUAL icyholders out of the hospital. This means lower claims costs. HVSURAIVCE COMPANY Thirdly, the Veterans Benefit Plan 115 South 42nd Street, Omaha, Nebraska 68131

is a mass enrollment plan. All business

is conducted directly between you and Dunne's Insurance Reports, one of the leading insurance industry authorities In the nation, gives Physicians Mutual its highest policyholders' rating of "A Plus (Excellent)." the company. No salesmen or investi-

This offer not available to residents of Calif., Qa., Md., Mass., Minn., N. ]., N. M., N. Y., N. C, and Wise.

This Personal Record Card identifies In case of sudden accident or Illness, it FREE! you as a veteran, tells of your special may help others save your life. This val- health problems, blood type, immu- uable card will be sent to you abso- VETERAN'S nization record, allergies, and care and lutely free with your Veterans Benefit medicine you need immediately if you policy. It is yours to keep even If you PERSONAL are unconscious or unable to speak. decide to return your policy for refund. RECORD Fill out and mail Enrollment with $1 to Veterans Benefit Plan, CARD Physicians Mutual Insurance Company, 115 South 42nd Street, Omaha, Nebraska 68131 VETERANS BENEFIT PLAN

LIMITED ENROLLMENT FORM no 4791

I have served honorably in the Forces the First Middle Initial Last Armed of United States of America and am not now on active duty. I do not now receive compensation for a service- connected disability or pension for a non-service con- nected disability from the Veterans Administration. I have enclosed my first monthly premium of $1.00 -STATE- -ZIP NO.. and hereby apply to PHYSICIANS MUTUAL INSURANCE COMPANY, Omaha, Nebraska, for a Male Veterans Benefit Policy, Form P321 Series. I under- DATE OF BIRTH. SEX stand that the policy is not in force until actually Month Day Year Female issued. Do you carry other insurance in this Company?

No Yes ( If "yes," please list policy numbers.

OCCUPATION Date. . Signed Form E-321

Please make check or money order payable to PHYSICIANS MUTUAL

THE AMERICAN LEGION MAGAZINE • SEPTEMBER 1969 43 — , — 3

THE STORY OF THE AMERICAN CLIPPER SHIPS NOW (Continued from page 18) his yard." The "90-day wonders" were cording to the New York Times. He'd YOU CAN well built. The best oak, Southern pine, earned the nickname during earlier com- and hackmatack were used. Copper was mands by not hesitating to use an iron BORROW fastened and sheated with Taunton yel- belaying pin on the back of any man who low metal. Stanchions and fife rails shone questioned his concept of life and limb. with mahogany, rosewood and brass. The In fact. Waterman thrived on speed and Mastiff even boasted a library costing padlocked the main sheets as a subtle re- $1,200. minder to fainthearted crewmen that no $1,000 Topsides, they were painted a dull spread of canvas was ever too much. black "that brought out their lines like a Unlike the flamboyant Captain Water- BY MAIL! black velvet dress on a beautiful woman." man, Josiah Perkins Cressy was plain Stripes around their hulls—a crimson and taciturn. This Marblehead, Mass., ON YOUR SIGNATURE ONLY! one on the Invincible, gold for the captain was 37 years old when, on June It's true! You can get up to $1,000 for any good Sweepstakes—added an extra note of 3. 1851, he took charge of the Flying purpose, entirely by mail! If you are steadily em-

ployed, your signature Is all It takes to get tlie finery. Each clipper had a distinctive Cloud, the fastest clipper ever built and cash you need to take care of bills, worrisome figurehead beneath the bowsprit, a trade- Donald McKay's masterpiece. But he meet medical obligations, stand the cost of sud- den emergencies, or for any good reason. mark of considerable artistry. A full- was far from being a soft touch. Her log No endorsers, no personal interviews, no agent length figure of an ancient navigator, tells the story. will call. You get fast, personal service and "his head bent forward and right hand "June 6—lost main and mizzen-top- everything is handled entirely by mail! Strictly confidential. No obligation. Details mailed fast in raised to shade his eyes," marked the gallant mast and main topsail yard. July plain envelope. Fill out the coupon below and Romance of the Seas. The Nightingale II —discovered main masthead sprung; mail today to: BUDGET FINANCE CO., 317 South displayed a bust of singer Jenny Lind, ship laboring hard and shipping large 20th St., Omaha, Nebr. 68102. r-~~~— ————————————— ———— the "Swedish Nightingale," for whom quantities of water over lee rail. July 1 BUDGET FINANCE COtJIPANY, Dept. OB-0430 317 South 20th St., Omaha, Nebr. 68102 she was named. A grim Salem witch on —carried away main topsail tie and truss

a wooden broomstick rode before the band around the mast; 1 9 inches of water Witchcraft and on the Flying Cloud a in the ship, that being six more than winged angel blew a trumpet. usual; let men out of irons in conse- City_ The names of the clippers coming quence of wanting their services. July down the ways Eclipse, White Squall, 31 —ship very wet fore and aft; distance Present Occupation Shooting Star. Sea Serpent. Comet, run this day 374 miles. August 3 —sus- Present Employer Challenge—told what was expected of pended first officer from duty. August 29 No, Yrs. On Monthly them. — lost fore-topgallant mast. August Present Job , _ Salary S Former No. Yrs. On The 1, 261 -ton Surprise, designed by 30—sent up fore-topgallant mast. August Occupation- _ Former Job . 23-year-old Samuel Pook of Boston, 31 at 6 a.m. made South Farallones; I — 4 was launched fully rigged, ready for took a pilot at 7; anchored off" San Fran-

service. "Waterfront pessimists expected cisco harbor at 1 1 :30 a.m." her to capsize with such heavy top-ham- per," a viewer remarked, but the Surprise THE August entries show the kind of lived up to her name. "She clave the wa- driver Cressy was. When sails fell ter with her sharp stern, shot out into the away, he fashioned new ones. Split spars HERE IS THE PERMANENT ANSWER harbor, swayed gently to get her balance, were repaired and hoisted into place FOR VOUR FUND RAISING, THAT MANY and paused, erect, with the air of a young again. Men who fell overboard were THOUSANDS OF ORGANIZATIONS USE. fiashbaarOs and innocent queen." Then, loading up, fished out and sent back to work. And BINGO KING^^ SUPPLIES EVERYTHING ALONG WITH FREE IDEA BULLETINS she was "off to Californy." Pot-bellied with all his temporary riggings, the Fly- FOR YOUR HELP. PAY AS YOU GO. ships took as long as 150 days to make ing Cloud made incredible time. In the wrarpTODAt PLfASe G/VE NWf or OBGAMZAnon the voyage, but nearly all of the 1 3 clip- squalls, she hit her full limit of 18 knots.

pers launched in 1850 made it in less No ocean-going steamship achieved that P-n Systems DEPT. 548 |Tables& Chairs than 1 1 0. The Surprise even surprised speed until 23 years later. (Not many BOX 1178 ' ENGLEWOOD, COLORADO B0110 her owners, the Salem Lows. She did can do it even today.) And no sailing

it in 96 days. ship ever matched her record to Cali- I BOUGHT A NEW $3,800 CAR WITH THE EXTRA fornia—89 days. 21 hours—except the MONEY I MADE IN PART TIME LOCKSMITHING. TALL SPARS and sharp lines alone Flying Cloud herself. In 1854, she cut it You can say that, after you learn pro- BUT fessional locksmithing at home in ac- didn't make a clipper. She also re- down by half a day. That record still credited course! T. G. of Illinois made quired a "driver" captain, thorough stands. 1 $642 while learning, J. K. of Texas "a $250. Make big money — full or part daredevil with a mania for speed who left Win or lose, a driver's life was a lone- time. Course includes tools, supplies. FREE BOOKLET. No salesman will nothing undone to strengthen his rig and ly one. A massive clipper demanded un- call. LOCKSMITHING INSTITUTE extend his spread of canvas, and then swerving attention and respect, and many Free Book! Dept.i22i-og9, Little Falls, NJ. 07424 hung on until spars began to go and the a captain never slept in his bunk from Get SHOES FOR UFEl headknees cracked." Without this kind beginning to end of a voyage. To do so FREE of "horse," a clipper was merely the was to be "too far from the ship." In- . % If you can take just 5 Mason Shoe orders a ^' il month, YOU NEED NEVER BUY ANOTHER finest ship afloat, a beautiful fabric and stead, he would tie himself into a deck -jHh pair of SHOES! Our "Free Shoes for Life" nothing more. chair and catnap for an hour or so. "The ^^Hr plan makes it EASY! With 275 fast-selling styles ^^^^r (dress, work, sport) to choose from, you'll have Logbooks abound with the exploits of rest of the time," says sailor Alan Vil- no trouble getting the orders-and will have al- ^^^^ famous—or infamous—drivers. One of liers, "he hung with a hand in the weath- most a private "shoe store" from which to select k your FREE SHOES. You don't invest M, yet the best known was Capt. Robert "Bully" er shrouds or in the shelter of a canvas you can earn up to 3100 a week by showing wheel, watching, listening, Mason's fine quality air cushion shoes, in sizes Waterman, master of the Challenge. He dodger by the 4 to 16, widths AA-EEE, to your friends and was a hard man to sail with, "the most forever weighing the odds." neighbors. Rush postcard for FREE Starting Outfit, exciting Prize and Bonus Offers TODAY! tyrannical and demanding sailing mas- On wintry voyages, Capt Samuel MASONSHOEMFG. CO. ,Dpt.H505, Chippewa Falls. Wis 54729 ter who ever took a vessel to sea," ac- Samuels, master of the 2,000-ton Dread-

44 THE AIVIERICAN LEGION MAGAZINE • SEPTEMBER 1969 -

in 1851, at- nought, kept an eye on his ship from a foolscap page with figures" to help the lotte Babcock explained so cap- shelf built just inside the companion- mate in his navigational duties. Neither tempting to sum up why many corrections tains' wives willingly gave up hearth for way on the poop. He made it deliberately he nor Cressy found many too short for his bulking frame. He necessary. hull. idyll few seamen ever couldn't fall asleep even if he tried. But Sea-belle Mary Patten proved herself Yet, hers was an consider the his ingenuity almost did him in. a true heroine in 1856 when she accom- shared. Landlubbers might One stormy night the Dreadnought panied her husband on the clipper Nep- stately clippers "queens of the seas," but them, they were quivered in a sudden squall, throwing tune's Car from New York to San Fran- to the men who sailed Samuels from his perch, gashing his head cisco. Shortly after leaving port the chief "blood boats." possible that could be and breaking a leg. As he struggled up. officer became insubordinate and was "The worst use she smashed her rudder and careened confined to quarters. The strain of taking made of a man was to hang him," stu- out of control, decks and cabins awash. over those duties, plus his own. proved dents read in a University of Pennsyl- In agony, the undaunted captain had his too much for Captain Patten. He devel- vania text. "Worse still is to make a com- leg splinted and fixed a jury rudder. It oped "brain fever" just as the clipper mon sailor of him." took him three days to manage it, and neared Cape Horn. The second mate was just when he thought he'd gotten the a good seaman but knew nothing about REASONS weren't hard to find. A sea- upper hand, a sailor accidentally dropped sailing, so Mrs. Patten took command. man's life was one of the most dan- the makeshift control into the sea. Grim- She tied her husband—by now virtual- gerous and demanding in the world. ly determined to master the ship, Sam- ly unconscious, deaf and blind—in his Only the brawniest—or dumbest—had uels trimmed sails and put out sea bunk and, calling upon the rudiments of the courage "to furl topsails on a great anchors while he fashioned another rud- sailing which he had taught her on a pre- clipper, with its masts and 80-foot yards der. He won the battle, but the scars he vious voyage, she "went up on deck with bending like whalebone, great blocks bore thereafter showed the toll extracted his sextant, plotted her sights, established beating about like frails, and its duck by the rugged Dreadnought. the new position of the ship, told the sails slatting with enough force to crush second mate what course to steer, and a man's ribs." THE ANXIETY BROUGHT On by SUCh what sails should be kept aloft." The Once at sea, his personal liberty went chilling escapes was too much for the captain must have been a good teacher, overboard. Even his simplest civil rights wives of some drivers. They went to sea for his wife brought the clipper to San were suspended until the end of the voy- with their husbands, shared the experi- Francisco in above average time. Few age. Flogging was prohibited by law. ence and became good sailors to boot. able commanders could have done bet- but nothing was said about the laying on Mrs. Cressy, wife of the master of the ter—and Mary Patten was only 19. of hands. Or, for that matter, of "bucko Flying Cloud, used a "big English sex- "I grew very fond of this sea life, after mates" who persuaded submission with tant, five-place logarithm tables, several conquering any fear of the waves, and the "cat," an iron belaying pin: the "per- chronometers, and a complicated method my chief delight was to sit on deck suader," a stick with a nail projecting of finding position that occupied a full watching the ever-changing sky." Char- {Continued on page 46)

MEN • WOMEN • COUPLES PUT YOURSELF IN THIS PICTURE YOU CAN! THESE PEOPLE DID! They are graduates of U.M.S., you could be too!

Former Greenwood, South Carolina residents, HAROLD and SARAH PUTNAM, are the proud resident managers of a lovely oceanfroiil apartment motel of 43 units in Ft. Lauderdale, Florida. All rooms are carpeted and air conditioned, electric kitchens and color TV. "We find that each day the things we learned as UNIVERSAL MOTEL SCHOOL students are most helpful. Working in the Hospitality Field is fascinating and very enjoyable. We will never regret having made the decision to enroll in UNIVERSAL MOTEL SCHOOLS training program."

"1 never dreamed that I would have the exciting position 1 now hold," laughed MRS. MARY KERR, a widow with 2 children from Follansbee, West Virginia. At home she had been a clerk at J. C. Penney Stores for ten years. "It just doesn't seem pos-

sible that in such a short time I could be the Executive Housekeeper for the world famous 714 room AMERICANA HOTEL on

Miami Beach. Since graduating from UNIVERSAL MOTEL SCHOOLS, wonderful things have happened to me. I have met the Vice President of the United States as well as many famous movie and television stars. My heartfelt thanks for your excellent course and your personal help and encouragement.

You too can join the ever growing hospitality field. UNIVERSAL MOTEL SCHOOLS can train you for a stimulating, well paying position as Motel Managers, Assistant Managers, Clerks, Housekeepers and Hostesses. Meet famous and interesting people; travel if you want to; join in social activities; live in pleasant surroundings. Apartment usually furnished. Age no barrier— maturity an asset.

Train at home in your spare time followed by two weeks resident training at either of our two motels — BLUE SEAS, MIAMI BEACH, FLORIDA or SAVOY, LAS VEGAS, NEVADA. Keep present job until ready to switch through our excellent local and national employment assistance. Don't Delay —Write now for complete details. No Obligation.

Approved for Veterans and In Service Personnel Under New G.I. Bill

ACCREDITED MEMBER NATIONAL HOME | UNIVERSAL MOTEL SCHOOLS Dept. AL-3 STUDY COUNCIL I 1872 N.W. 7th STREET— MIAMI, FLORIDA 33125 Name -Age. MAIL COUPON Address. TODAY! City -State -Zip. Phone -Gl Bill Information?-

THE AMERICAN LEGION MAGAZINE • SEPTEMBER 1969 45 —

THE STORY OF THE AMERICAN CLIPPER SHIPS Seaman's Medical Guide." The book (Continued from page 45) covered a spectrum of diseases from apo- plexy to yellow fever. from its tip, and marlinspikes. He had dip of the brig," one man explained the straighten out a mashed nose, a "no Sunday ofif soundings," eitiier. "Six procedure. "I remained there, without a To captain discovered, he should "pass a days tiiou shalt labor and do all thou art bite to eat, for three days and nights." able," went a popular chanty, "and on When he sobered up, the shanghaied piece of wire or knitting needle into the the seventh holystone the deck and sailor soon discovered that everything nostrils and press the bones back into their proper position." clippers car- scrape the cable." he'd heard about life at sea was true. He Some ried passengers, and if a pregnant woman Law required two-thirds of an Ameri- had no money—and none to look happened to choose the voyage to go into can crew to be American citizens, but it forward to. In exchange for his body, the labor, a single sentence covered her con- was winked at more than obeyed. crimp had pocketed his first three dition: "Tie a sheet to the foot of the bed Capt. Arthur C. Clark once had a Chi- months' wages. All he had left were the for to pull Another guide nese cook who shipped out as "George clothes on his back and they were hardly her on." keyed Harrison of Charlestown, Mass." A 17- suitable for Cape Horn. That meant he cures to numbers on medicine bottles. one doctor-captain found he was year-old Boston boy, Henry J. Sargeant, went further into debt by purchasing his "When all out of number nine," a medical his- wrote home from Manila: "Our mates jumper, sea boots and sou'wester—at a torian reported, "he blithely added are each of a different country—a regu- fantastic markup, of course—from the three together, confi- lar rawboned Scotchman, a perfect speci- ship's "slop-chest." numbers six and men of a Liverpool Irishman, a Belgian dent that he would get the same happy who does not appear to be very smart, result." or other, while died the fourth mate is a contemptible dwarf Somehow men of a Frenchman who delights in threats." crews survived. "The number of vessels As clippers got bigger and more nu- entering our harbor is really a matter of Pacific merous, shipowners turned to "agents" wonder," the News headlined. for their crews. The chore, called "Within the last 48 hours, nearly 60 en- tered the Gate." "crimping" at first, "shanghaiing," as Golden time went on, produced the same result. While that number included barks, as clippers, Either way you spelled it, it was kidnap- schooners and brigs as well ping. Forecastles became cesspools of paradoxically, that magnificent sight was society, according to reformer Andy an ominous sign. No less than 145 clip-

Furuseth. That was putting it mildly, pers cleared for San Francisco during for boardinghouse operators, saloon 1853 and though many showed hand- keepers and ladies of the waterfront, some profits, they glutted a slackening such as Big Moll, Swivel-eye Sue and market. By then, Californians were be- ginning to produce their own needs, and French Kate, did their job of "finding "... How was the first nine? ..." "Forty-Niners" had scratched the claims crews" remarkably well, usually with a THE AMERICAN LEGION MAGAZINE compound of whiskey, brandy, gin and clean along the American River. Freight rates fallen to ton, if there were opium so that the "recruit" could be car- The food he ate looked as if it came had $ 10 a ried aboard unconscious. More direct from the same place. "God sends provi- any ladings at all. and to the point was the "shanghai cigar" sions," sailors said, "but the devil sends For a time, the Australian gold boom steeped with opium and other poisons. cooks." After the first few days at sea, in the early fifties kept the clippers busy. It made no difference if the shanghaied vegetables and fresh meat were replaced Then, it too slacked off. Later, some man was a boilermaker or a bull-fiddle by such fare as dandy-funk—a heavy found cargoes of grain to take home player. All that counted was that he have pudding made from mashed-up navy bis- from California, or crossed the Pacific in two hands. "On one occasion," remarked cuits boiled in molasses and fortified with ballast to pick up tea. The final blow the Rev. William Taylor, a preacher who fat scraped from the cooking pot—or came in 1855 when the Panama Railroad tried to better the lives of seamen, "a lobscouse, a hash of salt pork, hard bread across the Isthmus was opened. Now, shoemaker stepped up to the bar to take and potatoes. Otherwise, he settled for the dash around Cape Horn made no a drop and waked up the next day at salt horse—meat "as salt as salt itself" sense at all. sea, and did not get back to his business and without the hash and pudding re- Actually, clippers were their own tor nine months." finements. doom. When the Flying Cloud arrived in In San Francisco, where shanghaiing "We have tasted nothing fresh for a New York in 1852, after her record reached a fine point, many a greenhorn week," young Henry Sargeant wrote his voyage to California, her proud owners miner or immigrant fresh from New parents, "nothing but pork and bread toasted Captain Cressy with a gala re- ." York found himself outbound on a trip and deuced lean grub at that. . . Not ception at the Astor House. They dis- around the world after a night on the surprisingly, a San Francisco physician played her log, printed in gold on white town. Sailor Frederick Perry remem- reported that half of the 500 ships ar- silk, and exhibited her topmast fids bered the Eastern professor, all togged riving in port in one seven-month period solid pieces of oak wedged in to hold out in evening dress, who ventured down has cases of scurvy aboard. the mast firm. The closely fitted fids had to the Barbary Coast after attending a Normally, a sailor's water allotment been chewed apart, almost ground to dinner at the famous Poodle Dog res- for bathing and drinking was a gallon a pulp, by the press of canvas. "Right there taurant. "When daylight dawned and the day. He seldom used it for washing, for in the midst of festivities," an observer professor came to his senses, he found as one old-timer concluded, "A man's commented, "the Flying Cloud had he had been shipped as an able seaman offensive odor was his only defense shown how short-lived the vessels of her on a Cape Horner." against the odor of his companions." kind would be. if driven at a speed to Pitched on board, the groggy-headed Ship doctors were about as scarce as bring home profitable cargoes." unfortunates were turned over to bucko fresh water. Few shipowners could—or Even more prophetic, steamers were mates to be "combed out" and remod- would—hire physicians as part of their appearing with increasing frequency. eled into sailors. "He took me and tied crews. Instead, the cook, mate or cap- Though few sailors had a good word me over the hawespipe at the bows where tain received a small medicine chest and for them, iron ships and screw propellers I was drenched with seawater at every a copy of Dr. Henry W. Balch's, "The promised regular, fixed schedules, some- 46 THE AMERICAN LEGION MAGAZINE • SEPTEMBER 1969 — .

thing that clippers never could. By 1853, two-thirds of that amount on both ship The Surprise struck a reef outside Yoko- some American shipbuilders had already and freight. Then, on the night after hama Bay. Pyramid Shoals in the Straits switched to steam, but stubborn Scotch- Christmas, 1853, the hex became reality. of Malacca wrecked the Sovereign of the man Donald McKay led the pack in re- Blazing cinders from nearby chim- Seas. A hurricane did in the Great Re- fusing to accept the inevitable. That neys scorched her tall riggings. Soon, tiny public. The Phantom lived up to her year, he built the ship of his convictions, sparks danced from sail to sail, engulf- name and simply disappeared. the Great Republic. ing the masts. At his home, McKay, Only a few died of old age. The Fly- No vessel, before or since, had such learning of the blaze, knew that nothing ing Cloud, stripped of her lofty spars, enormous spars and sail area. Three could save his ship. Her very height made became a lighter along the East Coast.

masts wouldn't do. She had four. Her it impossible for fire hoses to reach the Her rotting hulk was last seen in the main yard was 120 feet long; her sails, if flames. In a few hours, she was gone, backwaters of a New Brunswick harbor laid out flat, covered 15,683 yards. And falling spars ablaze on the deck of his in 1920. The Donald McKay ended her at a time when any cHpper over 250 feet long cherished dream. years in the Quebec lumber trade before and 1,500 tons was considered extreme, finally disintegrating. Today, the Eng- the Great Republic was 334 feet 6 inches SALVAGED, CUT BACK to 3,357 tons and lish-built Cutty Sark—perhaps the last and registered 4,556 tons. under reduced rig, the Great Repub- remaining clipper—stands tall at a dock On October 4, 1853, 50,000 persons lic eventually made a 92-day voyage to on the Thames near Greenwich, her sails watched as she slid down the ways, her San Francisco. But she was the last of the now furled but motion in her every line. figurehead of a carved eagle's head truly great clippers. Only six were built Men will never again see the likes of gleaming in the sun, while the East in 1854, and none after in America. these grand ships. They were cathedrals Boston Band played "Hail Columbia" The glory days lingered for a while, to American talent. "The Flying Cloud and cannons roared a salute. Even her then the clippers gradually disappeared was our Rheims, the Sovereign of the christening was different. To humor the from the sea. Some lived on—but no Seas our Parthenon, the Lightning our ladies of the Boston Temperance Society, longer like queens. "With lofty rigs cut Amiens," says historian Morison, glori- Capt. Alden Gifford used a bottle of local down to cautious dimensions, with ous while they lasted, but "monuments drinking water instead of champagne. glistening decks and topsides scarred and carved from snow." Seafaring men later claimed that that, neglected," writes Samuel Eliot Morison, But the final word on the era's passing not changing times, was her jinx. Maybe they "limped about the seas under may belong to an old tar. Looking so, but bankers and merchants felt she foreign flags, like faded beauties forced wistfully at the Cutty Sark in her stark was jinxed from the start. She was too upon the streets." loneliness—her spars vacantly reaching big, they said, and refused to invest. Some ran themselves to death. Cape for the sky, her long bowsprit thrust McKay had used his own money Horn gales swamped the Rainbow. The forward like an outstretched hand wait- $300,000—to luild and outfit her and Sea Witch crashed against the rocks of ing anxiously to slap the waves—he said, when she reached New York to load her Havana harbor and sank. Fire claimed shaking his head sadly, "All that grand first cargo, underwriters gambled only the Stag Hound off the coast of Brazil. wind gone to waste." the end

Official American Legion Amount of Insurance Important MAIL TO: Determined by Age At Death AMERICAN LEGION Life Insurance If you reside in New York, Basic Total Coverage LIFE INSURANCE PLAN, Age Full Unit During 1969 North Carolina, Ohio, Tex- As a Legionnaire, you can protect your fam- P.O. BOX 5609, Under 30 $10,000 $11,500.00 ily's well-being for as little as 7

ENROLLMENT CARD for YEARLY RENEWABLE TERM LIFE INSURANCE for MEMBERS of THE AMERICAN LEGION PLEASE TYPE OR PRINT-ANSWER ALL QUESTIONS-CHECK MUST ACCOMPANY THIS ENROLLMENT CARD Full Name Birth Date Last First Middle Mo Day Year Permanent Residence _ Street No. City state Name of Beneficiary -Relationship ' Example: Print "Helen Louise Jones)' Not "Mrs. H. L. Jones Membership Card No Year -Post No. -State.

I apply for a Full Unit of insurance at Annual Premium of $24.00 or a Half Unit at $12.00 The following representations shall form a basis for the Insurance Company's approval or rejection of this enrollment card:

1. Present occupation? Are you now actively working?

Yes No If No, give reason

2. Have you been confined in a hospital within the last year? No Yes If Yes, give date, length of stay and cause

3. Do you now have, or during the past five years have you had, heart disease, lung disease, cancer, diabetes or any other serious illness? No Yes If Yes, give dates and details

I represent that, to the best of my knowledge, all statements and answers recorded on this enrollment card

are true and complete. I agree that this enrollment card shall be a part of any insurance granted upon it

under the policy. I authorize any physician or other person who has attended or examined me, or who may attend or examine me, to disclose or to testify to any knowledge thus acquired.

Dated , 19 = Signature of Applicant

GMA-300- 1 6 469 969

THE AMERICAN LEGION MAGAZINE • SEPTEMBER 1969 47 WHAT WE KNOW ABOUT HEADACHES (Continued from page 23)

vantage against numerous dangers. may add a drug to relax tight muscles Tense muscles may seem, nowadays, to (antispasmodic), a sedative and one to be merely a result of long hours of driv- calm the roiled-up stomach. ing or of late nights in front of the tele- Tranquilizers and sedatives by them- vision. But the driver may actually be selves do little to stop headache pain. But tense with fear of an accident, and the the combination of such drugs with pain- television watcher may feel guilty about killers seems to work better. "Such com- This model of a Civil War 6-pounder—the "James"—has losing sleep and the next day's a solid brass barrel, gun carriage of cast metal. Size 71/2" work. binations," says Dr. Friedman, "raise I. X 31/2" h. Complete kit Includes water buckets, the ramrods and all parts. $9.50 plus 75c shipping. A former Army officer, one of Dr. pain threshold and reduce the pa- Garner's patients, had been badly tient's reaction to pain." Civil War Cannon wounded by an attack from behind, These headache boons have their among other rough war experiences. dangers, of course, as all drugs do. In our new 128 page fully illustrated catalog, Historic cannon, and ship models — more than After his discharge he got a job as a Ergotamine is not for taking every day; 40 — are shown. They are available in kit form, bartender but had to give it up because its use must be kept to a and some as finished models. Also more than — minimum. For 100 pictures of Ships and Sea; ships figure- of terrible headaches that no treatment one thing, too much of it may lead to heads, carved whales, brassware — and a host of unusual nautical gifts. Price 25<. would help. Dealing with his drunk and drug dependency and disturbing symp- Send checker M.O. to: rowdy customers into the late hours, the toms when it is withdrawn. And after PRESTONS former combat man could never forget 95-E Main St. Wharf. Greenport. N. Y. 11944 the possibility that one of them might attack him when his back was turned. Repressed anger and resentment are also triggers for tension headache. A SliCUKl LOANS! Navy medical scientist, Capt. Charles Mullin, found that men working in the lend $1 — We money by mail — 00 to $1 500 close confines of a winter-bound in absolute privacy. Borrow for any good antarctic base had many headaches. reason: to pay off bills, fix up the house, take vacations, etc. No co-signers. No They also had many discomforts and interviews. No mortgages of any kind mutual dislikes, but surprisingly few required. Fast service. Write for full details. quarrels and fewer fist fights. Knowing No obligation —no agent will call. that life DIAL FINANCE CO.. J-092 in their close quarters would be 410 Kilpatrick BIdg., Omaha, Nebr. 68102 unbearable if quarreling broke out, the

DIAL FINANCE CO., Dept. J-092 men repressed their angry impulses and 410 Kilpatrick BIdg., Omaha, Nebr. 68102 annoyances with each other. They got Please rusti full details on secret loans by mail. 1 am not obligated in any way. headaches, instead, says Captain Mullin. Nan Finally, there's the important ques- 1 A ddres!{ \ tion: What can be done for headaches? Citv .Stntf Zit> 1 Obviously, those caused by a discover- Amount you want to borrow $ 1 able physical condition are treated - 1 by treating the condition. Migraine and tension headaches may be more stub- "Wonderful World born. Even when they are connected with

of Raising Money!" a physical condition that's removed, the "It will be all your fault if I get a cramp and headaches may still go on. drown!"

A fascinating education story on record. THE AMERICAN LEGION M.4G.AZINE Prepared for the benefit of organiza- WHEN HEADACHE Strikes, reaching tions seeking NEW IDEAS' sendsena forlor for a painkilling drug is the first long use it may cause headache instead in fund raising. Profitable! thought, naturally. Aspirin, that fine old of curing it. Excellent program ma- standby, is the best of the mild analgesics, Even aspirin has its drawbacks. Taken terial. Play on any record as it has been for years. But it and a few generously over long periods, as a head- player. FREE if you givej other gentle-type drugs are good only for ache sufferer might use it, aspirin can name of your group. No obligation; write today. gentle-type headaches. They're useless in ultimately cause serious stomach dis- the big leagues. orders. It is essentially a mild acid. And MARIDN-KAY CD. dept.a-99 w For a really ripe migraine—throbbing, other analgesics, sedatives, tranquilizers BF3DWNSTDWN, INDIANA 4722D sick and torturous—the drug of choice and the rest are even more surely to be Fantastic Savings on NEW is ergotamine tartrate. It's not a seda- used with caution. ACCORDIONS Vz OFF tive or analgesic, and doesn't help other This points up the weakness of fast, 40 NEW MODELS.. mS-DAY FREE TRtAL kinds of pain. But it works on a vascular fast, fast over-the-drugstore-counter self- Justarrivedl Standard and Electronic Accordions —Amplifiers! New ideas. headache. It's a vasoconstrictor—shrink- treatment. Tortured by incessant head- New styling:, New features! Bic: discounts — Buy direct from world's ing the expanded blood vessels—and it aches, the victim of migraine or tension lartrest importer. Easy terms. 'I'rade- ns. Write for Free Color Catalogs! is one of a great many derivatives of is the first in line for non-prescription Accordion Corp. of America, Dept. A-99 ergot, a fungus that grows on rye. That advertised remedies. Millions of dollars W. Belmont, Chicago, Illinois 60641 makes it a distant relative of the notori- are spent for such headache products TREASURE ous LSD. every year. Some 20 billion aspirin Find buried silver, gold, To back up the ergotamine. the doctor tablets are sold each year. Those that coins, treasures. pati- are a waste as well as a dang- 5 Powerful models. may prescribe caffeine—which the don't work Write for free catalog^ ent may prescribe for himself by reach- er: those that do are not for unlimited ing for a cup of coffee. That constricts consumption. . _ _ DEPT. 95 blood vessels, too, and may make less Only recently, a drug called phen- RELCO 0 27 $ being hailed as a valuable BOX 10839, HOUSTON, TEX 7701819 UP ergotamine necessary. Then the doctor acetin was 48 THE AMERICAN LEGION MAGAZINE • SEPTEMBER 1969 rival of aspirin as an over-the-counter painkiller. It was the "P" of the WW2 military cure-all, APC tablets (aspirin and caffeine were the "A" and "C"). Then evidence piled up that phenacetin does damage to the kidneys. It's out of the combination product now—and off the market completely. But aspirin (used judiciously) and caffeine together may be more effective than either one alone, for tension headache and some SAY neuralgias. You might try a cup or two "the END" of coffee and aspirin together to see if toJISto »30 the combination is helpful for your next headache. SHOES

Stopping headache pain after it starts is great, but a real boon to migraine vic- tims is preventing their attacks from oc- curring. That's what the prescription TAKE YOUR drug methysergide does. It's useless as a CHOICE OF painkiller. It is no good for stopping a FOUR STYLES YOU'LL BE SHOCKED m'graine attack once it starts. No one WHEN YOU SEE OUR SHOES CASH IN NOW on these Extraordi- knows as yet just how it works, but this nary Savings! The day of the high After what you've paid for shoes, you'll drug has proved itself for ten years as priced shoe is over. Folks are paying wonder how any such price as ours can the first successful preventive for thou- many dollars less than ever before, be. Well, you get top quality uppers, sands of sufferers. It's an even closer rel- thanks to the miracle new "polymeric" good lifetime laces, life-of the shoe PVC ative of LSD than ergotamine, but with- shoe materials. This is no "cheap imi- sole and heels, flexible support shank out the famous hallucination-causing tation" shoe. It's the real thing: the in the arch, gentle foam heel cushions, Price that looks feels superior gentlemen's detailing. The effects. It reduces or eliminates migraine New Shoe and and wears as well as any shoe you works! Even the new luxury linings. attacks, or their severity, in 80% of have ever worn and yet costs a frac- sufferers, though side effects on others tion of the price. limit its universal use. WE CARRY ALL THESE SOMETIMES the dosage of methy- SIZES! sergide has to be cut down to avoid such side effects as nausea, cramps and At the price we sell shoes, restlessness. And in a percentage of users Please note. we are not allowed to n\ention the signs of fibrosis thickening of certain — famous brand name of this tissues—has been found. The usual prac- new shoe material. Suffice tice at the Montefiore clinic is to use the it to say it looks like top per- drug only on patients whose headaches grain leather, forms even better. are incapacitating and nothing whom Why pay higher else helps. Then they give the patient and higher prices? methysergide for six months, take him Get in on this as- tounding low price. off it for a month or two, then put him Send in now: back on. TWO PAIRS FOR $14.95 Many other drugs are being tried for We will be proud to send them headache, of course, both in prevention to you for ON APPROVAL and treatment. A number have been AT HOME INSPECTION found that seem to be less liable to un- pleasant side effects than methysergide. See It Yourself! Use this Coupon ! But none of them has had the successful SOONER experience—in time and in number of OR LATER patients helped—to replace the ten-year- YOU WILL BE WEARING old master as yet. jTHE NEW PRICE SHOES HOW WHAT The strong (and addictive) painkillers iToday 's new man-made shoe TWO PAIRS STYLE MANY SIZE such as codeine and meperidine—both materials beat the price out Black Oxfords bf leather, in the opiate family, along with mor- scoff at scuffs, FOR $14.95 Brown Oxfords keep better shape, and phine and heroin are no good for Cordovan Oxfords — \Never Need a Shine. Why HABAND COMPANY Black Loafers migraine. They may be necessary to stop spend even one dollar more 265 North 9th Street a bad tension headache, however. a [for shoes? Here's something Cordovan Loafers For PATERSON, N.J. 07508 moderate INEW. Here's something Black Wing Tips attack of the muscle contrac- PROVEN. O.K. Gentlemen, Send me on Ap- tion type—and many chronic tension proval, the two pairs of shoes Brown Wing Tips AS ADVERTISED IN specified at right. My remit- headaches Black Monk Strap come on mild—the moderate, tance of % is enclosed Life Magazine non-addictive analgesics such as aspirin The New York Times herewith. AL-2 are better. Wall Street Journal National Observer Name Preventing tension headache has taken Look Magazine Street . on a new look, too, with the vast popu- City & ZIP larity of the tranquilizers. These drugs, HABAND State . .CODE Paterson, N.J. which both relax tense muscles and calm 07508 operoling by U.S. ArlAd lince 1925 FULL SATISFACTION GUARANTEED OR YOUR REMITTANCE REFUNDED {Continued on page 50)

THE AMERICAN LEGION MAGAZINE • SEPTEMBER 1969 49 —

WHAT WE KNOW ABOUT HEADACHES ^!l!Si,w» ONE OF A KIND I (Continued from page 49) a SHarp IS NOW ^SHAPPEN^ down emotional EXPANDING stress, are very handy in the subconscious and are harder to get for YOUR WAY! heading off the personal tensions that at. One hundred years of so often lead to head pain for the corporate history is be- sus- Dr. Wolff described headache victims hind this new franchised system of profes- ceptible. But they cannot roadblock all as sional sharpening centers. Most automated "anxious, striving, perfectionist, order- the headaches for all time patented equipment ever offered. —and they loving, rigid persons who. during periods Earn $30,000 on only certainly cannot cure the inner $266 of business per tensions. of threat or conflict, become progres- day. CP. A. letter on file. Exclusive territory Tranquilizers do not lead to addiction sively more tense, resentful granted. Investment of $17,900 includes all and fa- equipment, merchandise as often as do the opiates and factory training or the barbi- tigued." Tough as it may be, that's got program. Financing available to qualified in- turates—another drug group used by to dividuals. be changed. CALL OR WRITE some tension headache victims. But per- The only way the victim can do it, of MR. SHARP SHARPENING CENTERS sonal dependence on tranquilizers can be course, is to learn to look at 722 AM Porter St., Lansing, Mich. 48905 himself with as unshakable as physical Phone AC 517 489-6511 addiction. All clear eyes, to understand his own weak- three types also have various side effects. nesses, to forgive himself for being less All, therefore, are to be used with cau- EAT ANYTHING perfect than he'd like to be—and to for- tion. WITH FALSE TEETH give others for the same thing. If his Tranquilizers can reduce a headache headaches are the tension type, he also victim's reaction to stress and enable must learn to avoid the triggers that set him to handle his life situations more them off, to relax instead of getting angry

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Summer merchandise, much of it long before it CITY. -STATE_ appears in your local stores. 1 IMPORTANT: Postal regulations require your ZIP CODE HgjVYDUTY WELDER WHAT'S HAPPENING IN RED CHINA? (Continued from page 13) Does work of $85.00 welder watermelons or win yet costs only lOQC table tennis games. ever to carry it off. Mao was actually POSTPAID His writings were read, quoted and ready to destroy the Party and re-create Fits ordinary 110V outlet memorized by all. on orders of the Party. one of his own, from top to bottom. 3 weldint heats They were discussed at study meetings, Since neither the Party nor the Weld, braie, solder or cut most anything made of metal. No experi- army ence needed. Follow simple instructions. Uses standard W rods schools, factories, and in government would serve him, he to weld iron, steel, brass, bronze, aluminum, other metals. 3 welding had a new army of heats . . not just one as with other low priced models. New HEAVY and Party meetings. One wonders if Liu his in DUTY circuit gives higher heat 4 times the beat needed own mind—the students of China. to melt toughest iron. More welding power than ever before Comes and the other "experts" thought this was complete with welder's mask, $2.00 pack of rods, flu», carbons, School had closed in June. In Au- automatic arc striker, etc. NOTHING ELSE TO BUY. Approved for a fine way to keep the Old Man busy homes, garages, shops, factories. 10 day MONEY BACK trial. Guaran gust 1966, Mao's propaganda machine teed against burnouts. Send $2.00 and pay S16.95 plus small CCD. and out of their hair, since they went when delivered or send $18.95 cash, ck., M.O. for postpaid shipment. exhorted the students to form the "Red WEL-DEX MFG. CO.,D(pt. bhiotts, w-37. Hustci, Ttns ttoii along with it all. Guards" to be the vanguard of "The Mao never stopped. He made himself Great Proletarian Cultural Revolution." More Security With a deity. His deeds were propagated by He called on them to "dare to rebel, to story, song and play. Then, in Novem- spread disorder," and not to go back FALSE TEETH ber 1965, he disappeared from sight to school until they had wiped out cap- amid At Any Time rumors that he was in ill health. italism, feudalism and anti-Maoism. But Don't be so afraid that your false teeth will what followed reads like The Re- come loose or drop just at the wrong time. For turn of Tarzan. IN THE history of the world have more security and more comfort, just sprinkle NOT a little FASTEETH on your plates. FASTEETH In July 1966, he burst into the news a nation's students been invited to holds both uppers and lowers firmer longer. take such hell-raising Makes eating easier. FASTEETH is alkaline. again with a dramatic public appearance a holiday by their No gummy, pasty taste! Dentures that fit are that coincided with news and photos most revered leader, or been given such essential to health. See your dentist regularly. Get FASTEETH today at all drug counters. shown throughout China that claimed to license to attack their elders. Waving depict 72-year-old Mao swimming nine pocket-sized volumes of Quotations from miles down the Yangtze River in 65 min- Chairman Mao Tse-tung, millions of Red utes. The symbolism was plain: the Old Guards, most of them teen-agers, stalked FIGHT Man was back and in good health. arrogantly through the cities and coun- tryside in great, roving bands. They oc- HE WAS IN good voice, too, and he cupied government and Party offices, CANCER had another Plan. Gathering his kicking and punching their teachers and followers, he demanded that the Party humiliating their elders for their beliefs. endorse a "Great Proletarian Cultural They beat respected Communists and WITH A Revolution"—a new campaign to wipe burned their possessions. They taunted out the old customs, and a program that the police and mocked the soldiers. They would plainly require Mao to resume destroyed ancient works of art and pro-

command in order to carry it out. claimed themselves as the makers of the CHECKUP The Maoists went through the mo- new Chinese civilization. They fed and tions of asking the Party to buy the clothed themselves by taking what they scheme. But they knew that would fail, pleased in city and country. AND A and that even if they got an OK, the ex- The Red Guard story can only be cap- isting Party machinery was too hostile suled here. It was an enormous and far- CHECK AMERICAN CANCER SOCIETY

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52 THE AMERICAN LEGION MAGAZINE • SEPTEMBER 1969 the of reaching event. It brought China to dustry to equip it better) and the factory secretary, Chen Po-ta, at head chaos and anarchy. Only in its early days workers. the Guards and as second in command his wife, former bit part did it work as Mao had hoped it would. Mao probably supposed that he could he named But if ex- Thereafter it served to defeat him, unite soon wreck all opposition in the Party actress Chiang Ching. Mao his enemies, and turn former friends and reconstruct it as an all-Mao Party. pected swiftly to win his Party victory then retire the against him. But at the start it returned Then he could send the Red Guards back by the fall of 1966 and Mao to power de facto, regardless of to school, where they could be a re- Red Guards back to school, that isn't titles. Mao attacked Liu, the Chairman minder to all who might ever oppose him how it worked out. of the state, as a "great heap of stinking, again, as well as a future political base His youths believed too well that they rotten garbage," who had been a "traitor for a new Leap Forward (communes were the new rulers of China, while they and all that). reveled in the undisciplined power they

At the start it worked that way. The found in their hands. After a few students raised absolute hell by the mil- months, they were a force in themselves, lions, all over the countryside. In the destroying property, stealing, attacking cities they specialized in strutting in vast and abusing people over the length and numbers, frightening people and per- breadth of the land. Many of them still sonally removing opposition leaders in exist as bandit gangs and wandering the Party. The Mayor of Peking and all hobo armies that will never go to school his friends were cast out, Liu was de- again.

moted in Party rank. Maoists gave the Except for its threat to destroy the orders in the Party, with Red Guards at country completely, this situation was their beck and call against any who re- made to order for the army. It need only sisted. In the early stages Mao sum- watch and wait and keep hands off until moned rallies of hundreds of thousands the new shape of things became clear. of Red Guards to demonstrate in Peking Nominally, the army took its orders from at his pleasure. the Party, and Mao was giving the Party How he expected to control such a dis- orders. Actually it was opposed to Mao,

organized and untrained rabble, once but it had lost one political fight with he'd sent them by the millions on a ram- him and gotten Lin Paio for Defense page all over China, isn't clear. The won- Minister as punishment. Now the army

der is that he controlled them as well could have embarked on a decisive civil as he did for a while. He put his personal {Continued on page 54)

"Don't be silly, dear, what makes you think I'm here to persuade you to tell me where you buried the money."

THE AMERICAN LEGION MAGAZINE

and bourgeois agent" for decades. The Red Guards stole Liu's strength from under him by removing his followers in Party and government from power. They POINSEHIA CANDLE did it directly, parading them through Make your treasury grow, grow, grow! Poinsettia Can- the streets, along with senior officers of dles sell on sight. Graceful design lends a warm the Party, in dunce caps, their faces highlight to mantel, buffet, dining table. New idea in painted with lettering spelling out their candles: Flame always burns at same level!

"crimes." Abigail Martin, Fund-Raising advisor, says: Mao viewed the Red Guards as the "If you don't raise the sums below, I'll "youth protest" soldiers of a political war make up the difference between your cost that was strictly civilian. They were to make civil disturbances against their

elders to force them to give up their old $ 81 Profit $108 Profit V - ways, and against anti-Mao leaders in $108 Profit $144 Profit $162 Profit $216 Profit to show your group the Party, to throw them out in disgrace. $270 Profit $360 Profit (His Red Guard blueprint is a pattern fi/lany Groups ti/lake Up To $2,000 In A Week. Retails $1.50 MAKE UP TO $7.20 ON EVERY SALES KIT

openly aped on a small scale by many ORDER 1 SALES KIT FOR EACH MEMBER SELLING Individually gift boxed. 12 candles in handy carrying case.

militant "student" groups in the United No risk 30 Days Credit Shipped Prepaid Tenn.. Mass. 6 Shipping Centers: Cal., Mo . Pa., Mich.. States.) The Guards could fight, if need To: Abigail Martin, 1113 Washington, Dept. 3B, St. Louis, Mo. 63101 be, with sticks, stones, clubs, fire, fists and sheer numbers, but avoid a shooting SEND POINSETTIA CANDLE SALES KITS (PLUS FREE SAMPLE) civil war that might involve the army. Date Needed __ No. Members Area Code & Phone Mao urged them into the countryside, Organization Name. and tried to keep them out of large-scale Ship to (Name) disruption of the government farms and Address* City- State. Zip_ the city industries. That might hopelessly Send FREE CANDLE! (Offer subject to verification). antagonize the industrial managers, the Within 30 days we agree to pay for 15 kits or more-$10.80 per kit; For 5 to 14 kits $11.40 per kit; Box or RFD. army (which can't wait for Chinese in- for 1 to 4 kits — $12.00 per kit. *Do not use P.O. THE AMERICAN LEGION MAGAZINE • SEPTEMBER 1969 53 WHAT'S HAPPENING IN RED CHINA? (Continued from page 53)

war on either side, and no army ever Army of the Righteous Uprising. School had a better pretext for outright take- didn't open that fall or next. A year after ^ SAVES over than the chaos in China in 1966, Mao called out the . Guards, . BARBER BILLS the Party -nma hair as It combs! Easpl iQickl Keeps men's, women's, 1967 and 1968. But it could do so only that had then ruled all of China ! children's hair nice, neat, freshly- could cut lookinK all the time! Trims, at taoers, ihina out uneven hair. Use the risk of (a) division within itself, only claim to rule half of it. Even then _ _ like ordinary comb. Take orders. £.arn mon SAMPLES FOR TRIAL ^^Y/Sr.Uo (b) having no workable machinery to its hold was in the main centers and Bend name at once. Hurry. Postcard will do. SEND NO MONEY— juttyournamc. kristee CO., Dpt. 1071, Akron, 0hio44308 run a civil government of 700 million along the main routes, while anarchy, people if it usurped all power, (c) de- disorder or opposition groups held sway FALSE TEETH stroying the precious beginnings of Red elsewhere. By then Mao had gone a step Chinese farming and industry in an open further in a bid for swift victory. He re- KLUTCH holds them tighter civil war, (d) picking the wrong side for moved the "off limits" sign from the KLUTCH forms a comfort cushion; holds dental eventual popular support, and (e) mak- farms and factories. plates so much firmer and snugger that one can eat The same chaos then and talk with greater comfort and security; in many ing China vulnerable to a foreign foe. spread to the centers of production. cases almost as well as with natural teeth. Klutch lessens the constant fear of a dropping, rocking, So the army played it cool and kept Peasants hoarded and hid food to keep chafing plate. ... If your druggist doesn't have out of the main struggle. It it from the teen-age Klutch, don't waste money on substitutes, but send increasingly marauders. General us lOe and we will mail you a generous trial box. stepped in as a sort of police-referee in strikes paralyzed many industries, rail- KLUTCH CO., Dept. 9071. ELMIRA, N. Y. 14902 areas where violence threatened to turn ways and seaports. HYDRAULIC JACK REPAIRS to full-scale civil war, but avoided further Where the Guards strutted in to "take Earn While You Learn In Your Spare Time commitment. As a reward it remained over" factories, they didn't know how Trained and qualified mechanics needed NOW to service intact and organized while the rest of to run inoperative hydraulic jacks. BIG opportunity for ambitious them, and production dried up. men. We show you HOW — in your basement or garage to China slipped into chaos the Party earn spare time cash in an expanding industry. Don't wait, and Where opposition groups held out, ACT NOW! Get the facts. slowly lost its grip on more and more workers and peasants rallied behind the Write for folder No. A9, and free bonus offer. of the provinces. local leaders rather than support the Hydraulic Jack Repair Manual Co., Inc. a. P.O. BOX 3 • STATEN ISLAND, N.Y. 10314 In only a few months, the Red Guards' distant fanatics of Peking. They were in- romp was out of the control of its master. spired not only by their hatred of the Worse, for Mao, by the time he was giv- new fanaticism, but by the practical bene- ing the Party orders in Peking again, the fits offered by anti-Maoist Party officials terror tactics of the roving youth mobs of the "expert" camp. In factories, were arousing and uniting opposition workers got shorter hours, higher wages that hadn't existed openly before. While and long vacations. On government no other civilian forces had anything to farms, more of the produce went to the match the Red Guards nationally, local peasants and they were allowed more forces sprang up all over the land to private plots to farm for personal gain. fight off the marauders, and popular sup- Meanwhile, Mao only offered them more port rallied to them. of his slavery. By 1967, the battles raged An anti-Mao Scarlet Guards was back and forth over the map of China, formed that did hand-to-hand combat with the local opposition increasing in Do a world of good for with Red Guards. In Kiangsi Province, its determination and unity. 20,000 peasants organized a defensive In desperation, Mao threatened to use hungry people. One check

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54 THE AMERICAN LEGION MAGAZINE • SEPTEMBER 1969 —

the army against all who opposed the army was giving the orders in a deal official Party statements in Peking, as

Guards, but it was an empty threat. The where Mao would save face and the if they were the ruling power. They army's chief concern lay in keeping it- Party structure would be kept intact. sound like the same old statements, but self intact, building its own popularity Suddenly Mao and Lin Paio ordered the the sting is gone from them. They avoid with the masses, and preventing the en- schools to reopen, and urged those the hot current issues, while Peking has tire breakup of Red China and her econ- Guards who would to go back to their little to do with running the day-by-day omy. As Mao sought a quick victory the studies. Many did, many did not. Mao affairs of the countryside. army took the long view, and the na- acknowledged that the Party machine no Mao was supposed to have called a tional view, rather than a partisan view. longer ruled provinces as he consented Party Congress in 1961, but it wasn't

Instead of taking sides it simply put to the 29 regional committees to gov- called until last April, when it showed down the worst of the disorders fairly ern, with members from all groups in off' its new face. There Lin Paio made them, but with the army and other the big speech. It was militandy "red"

"experts" in control of each. in its sound, but it rehashed events of

Mao and Lin Paio were left at the ten years ago, and when it came to to-

head of the Party's Central Committee day in China it talked of being "lenient" but the army and its friends assumed a to anti-Mao Party men who would come majority of its membership. back into the machine. The smell of In two years' time, Mao's Great Pro- purge, so redolent in 1966, had beer-, letarian Cultural Revolution had torn fumigated out. Nobody talked about China asunder and delivered the real hurting any Chinese, as the older leaders power into the hands of the "experts" looked out at a Congress whose majority it had set out to defeat. It had corrupted was made up of fairly silent colonels and miUions of the nation's brightest youth. generals and their friends. It had raised a spirit of local inde- The Party Congress wrote a brand pendence from—and hatred toward new charter, making Mao virtually a Peking on the farm, in the factory and god and his thoughts a source of divine in the soldiery. And it had unified them revelation. But in the face of the reahties,

and let them taste defiance of the "reds." it is a piece of paper. Lin Paio viciously It had set production and education back attacked Liu, the old "expert" whom by perhaps decades. he and Mao had demoted almost out of The surface events in Red China to- sight. But not a word was said about day do not read as if Mao had suffered doing anything to Liu, who, at 71, is a defeat. Mao and Lin Paio make the {Continued on page 56)

"I just wanted him housebroken I didn't — the quality realize there was a P.T.A." Find out now about DEER PARK cookies and candies tliat practi- cally sell themselves. A wide variety THE AMERICAN LEGION MAGAZINE can help your of items made with the finest imported impartially, whenever they threatened to organization and domestic ingredients! Deer Park turn into unchecked civil war. By its "Sellers" range from 500 to $2.50 . . . presence, and by its fairly impartial in- turn cookies and while you earn profits to Also, terference on the side of peace where up 45%!

enjoy all these extras, FREE . . . bonus things were the worst, it began to put candy into a damper on the Guards, who wanted cases, pre-paid freight, carry bags /'"^ strife, and to grow in favor with the and personalized organization populace, who only wanted peace. Often, "^^^^ aUIGK GASH! labels! when the army interfered in strife be- tween peasants and Guards, the soldiers would not attack the peasants, so that the brunt of the army's "impartial" peacekeeping fell against the Guards. The army couldn't be everywhere, while the Red Guards apparently could, and the national disintegration con- tinued. In March 1967, Mao openly pleaded with the Guards to discipline themselves better as "revolutionaries" instead of mere anarchists. A year later, in 1968, he was still pleading for a halt to "anarchism."

By then it was obvious that the army was the only existing force that could restore order or bring the rebellious provinces back toward central control. It had the power, and its influence with the people was never better, while the Party's was never worse. It seems pretty clear that by 1968 the

THE AMERICAN LEGION MAGAZINE • SEPTEMBER 1969 55 ^

WHAT'S HAPPENING IN RED CHINA? PERSONAL -(Continued from page 55)- probably the generals' favorite elder HOUSING HEADACHES SPIRAL statesman. You get the feeling that the army will SPOTLIGHT ON NURSING HOMES maintain Mao and Lin Paio in power until Mao dies, if he doesn't start feel- LIFE INSURANCE GIFT GIVING ing his oats again, and in spite of Rus-

sian pressure to purge him all and his ilk. Don't count on any near-term easing in the extremely tight housing The Russians are making it pretty market. plain, In fact, housing may be the biggest and costliest shortage this as they gather forces in Mongolia on the nation will face for a decade or more. Broadly, the gloomy picture looks railroad that leads straight down to Pe- like this:

• Early king, that peace might be easy to find if estimates that 1.7 million housing units would be built this year have Mao"s crowd were buried. turned out to be far too rosy. The actual figure will be closer to 1.5 million. But the Russian threat is useful to a di- • Costs continue to soar vided and prostrate Red China, if it can sky-high. One reason is that wages are outrun- ning productivity. just be kept a threat and no more. It Another is the steady rise in the price of materials and provides a dangerous foreign enemy on land (which is up around 300'^ in ten years). the borders, as a rallying point to reunify • "Vacancy rates are down to rock bottom. That, too, puts pressure under the people against a national enemy. All prices (and rents, of course). Communist dictatorships have needed • Mortgage money is exceedingly costly and scarce. Interest rates of 9^ enemies abroad to sustain their own con- and 10% are common. Think what that means. If you paid off $10,000 for 25 years at trol at home. So today the Chinese re- 9%, your interest would amount to $15,176—or 152'~c of your capital. fuse to talk settlement when the Russians At 10%, your interest would be $17,260—or 173% of your capital. invite them, while they warn their peo- • Washington figures we'll need 20 million new housing units in the next ten ple against the Soviet threat. And the years—which obviously looms as a fantastic chore. Mass-production of Russians, housing often is cited as who also need foreign enemies, one remedy. But you won't get it overnight—if for usually cast the invitations in unaccepta- no other reason than that there are some 5,000 different building codes in ble terms anyway, and then warn their the United States. people against the Chinese threat (which is a pretty empty threat). In the Chi- Because of longer life spans, more and more of our senior citizens face nese Communist Party you get the feel- the prospect of going to a nursing home for a spell. ing that the growing number of army Don't confuse a nursing home with a simple old-age institution. A nurs- men in the political machine are not ing home is designed for people with some sort of disability requiring only invisible rulers, but students, study- special care. A few basic statistics: ing how to run the civil government in Currently there are about 13,500 genuine nursing homes in the United the open tomorrow. States. Length of stay ranges from around six months to as much as ten Without some new upheaval, a mili- years (in some cases the stay is terminal). Cost: $300 per month as a very tary dictatorship of the "experts" seems minimum; $600 might be closer to the average. to be in the cards for Red China—one Here are ten important questions to ask in picking a nursing home: Does that will retain the name, but less of the my doctor approve it? "What is the attitude of the staff to the patients? Is characteristics, of hard line Commu- the location convenient (out-of-the-way spots cut down the possibility of visitors)? nism. This is not necessarily good news What special medical services does it have? What is the quality for the world. The "experts'" are ex- of the food? Do the patients look cheerful? (If they don't, suspect excessive sedation.) perts. They will do all they can to take Does the local fire marshal think it's safe? Is it licensed and some of the paper out of the tiger, and accredited? Does it have recreational facilities? What do others say about give it fur. teeth and claws. If they main- it? tain their enmity to the free world, in Medicare may cover some costs, but check it out first. the long run they will be more dangerous * * than Mao or any ideologists. They are In these days of high costs and taxes, raising funds for your church or practical men. It will still be a tough row charity (or making a donation yourself, for that matter) is tough. Here's for them to hoe to make China a strong, one approach that could be relatively painless: Give straight life insurance modern nation. Red China is a nation if you have other assets sufficient for your family. that can hardly feed herself, and she Your tax deduction for such a gift is the cash surrender value of the lacks the capital (or the goods to trade policy (if you still are paying premiums). If the policy is fully paid up, to get it) to make herself a land of Pitts- your deduction is the replacement cost of the policy. Incidentally, a person burghs and lowas. in failing health would get a walloping deduction, because the replacement Mao tried to create the capital out of cost would be very high. the sweat, blood, calloused hands and bent backs of the 700 million Chinese A development worth watching in the months ahead: —using a whip. The "experts" can be MO"VING: If a long-distance mover gives you a cost estimate (based on counted on to try the same with a car- — weight), don't accept it as the last word. Chances are the estimate is on rot. And when Mao is gone, if they as- the low side (for competitive reasons) and that you will wind up paying sume the voice as well as the power, they more. So says the Interstate Commerce Commission, which now is trying may do something Mao could never have to 1) get more accuracy into estimates, and 2) force movers into writing done start — a peace offensive and try performance dates into their contracts. Another ICC objective: Extend to get the capital out of the nations that federal regulations to local movers when they get involved in interstate have it free. — for Don't think it can't hauls. —By Edgar A. Grunwald be done, if you're an expert, the end

56 THE AMERICAN LEGION MAGAZINE • SEPTEMBER 1969 COIN GRAB srSHOPPER

•Partial List of Coins in Collections: Half , & Large Cents} GIANT SURPRISE flying Eagle Cents! Indian Head Cents/ ASSORTMENTS P.cked Two Cents Three Cents from coUectiona* including Liberty Nickels U.S. PRESIDENTS ON FOREIGN STAMPS SLIPPING EYEGLASSES? Eliminate annoy- thousands of rare and key Shield Nickels soft, 25 seldom-seen genuine postage stamps of ance of pushing them up. Ear-Loks, Buffalo Nickels coina Washington, Lincoln, Roosevelt, Eisen- elastic tabs keep glasses snug-fitting. No up to 150 years old! Half Dimes Seated , hower, Kennedy—from 15 far-away coun- more fussing with sliding glasses. Fit all EachGrabBag a guaranteed Liberty 10(1 Invisible. For men, Barber tries—Argentina to Yemen! Includes plastic frames. women Dimes f minimum catalog value scarce first day presidential cover from and children. 590 a pair, 2 pairs $1.00. of Seated Liberty 25e Barber Monaco. This unique offer is yours for Dorsay Products, Dept. A-1, 200 W. 57th S4.S0 up to S4S.00 and even Quarters Sealed only 250. H E. Harris, Dept. PP-38, Boston, Street, New York, N.Y. 10019. Liberty 50( more!iiiun;: iiu twoiwu No nssuruncniaiAssortments] Barberoaroer Half Dollar Mass. 02117. $2.98p^lking I exactly alike. Only Liberty soA each, plus poaUge and 25i cSl^^' o?fhI°te<, handling. SPECIAL:! Bag- ""J FREE with orders for 4. (Maximum 5 Bags per Customer) Ideal gift for begiiuier or advanced collector! Supplies Limited. Order Today! Sorry, no COD's. Foreign orders S2.00 more. MATT NUMISS, Dept. 2-AL, 2928 41st Ave. L.I.C.N.Y. 11101 SEPTIC TANK TROUBLE? NORTHELReactivator works to keep septic tank and cesspool clean. A NEW MINI HAIR DRYER, complete with WILDLIFE SECRETS revealed in "Wildlife bacteria concentrate detachable hood, from famous Larry Mat- Action." A 32 page guide, specifies hours breaks up solids and hews. Take this portable hair dryer with when fish bite best, wildlife awakens and grease—works to pre- you wherever you go. Compact & powerful. ventures forth anywhere in U.S. Helps you Dries hair in record time, small enough to shoot more game and catch more fish. vent overflow, back-up, carry in a pocketbook. Dryer & hood come Guaranteed. Only $1.00 ppd. Trail Blazer's, odors. Regular use can in a carrying tote. Only $9.95 ppd. National Dept. T-24, 206 W. 4th St., Kewanee, Illi- save costly pumping or Dynamics, Dept. AL-9, 4 E. 46th St., N.Y., nois 61453. N.Y. 10017. digging. Simply mix dry powder in water, flush down toilet. Non-poisonous, non- caustic. Money back guarantee of satis-

faction. Six months' supply, $3.95 ; full YOUR DIVISION OR BRANCH OF year's supply onlv $7.00 postpaid. SERVICE INSIGNIA IN 10-K GOLD NORTHEL DISTRIBUTORS. AL-9 Box Minneapolis, Minnesota, 55440 Free Kennedy DIVISION NUMBER, P.O. 1103, INSIGNIA, BIflTHSTONES. CAMPAIGNS GEMSTONES OR DIAMONDS stamps JOO STYLES FOR

Collection of President John F. Kennedy me- WIDE morial stamps of Uru- guay, Togo, Philip- NOW! Hundreds of New Designs — Easy-Pay Plan FEET pines, Colombia, etc., is yours for the ask- PRESTIGE RINGS you'll be proud to wear. 10-K and ing! Sent with illus- yellow or white gold. Choose your insignia from HIGH INSTEPS trated stamp catalog, America's largest selection. Over 1000 designs EE to EEEEEOnlv plus selections of for all services, all wars. Money-back guarantee. illustrated catalog today. stamps to examine. Send for FREE Sizes 5 to 13 Buy any or none, re- ROYAL MILITARY JEWELRY Men only, Casuoj, Not sold turn balance. Cancel service anytime. Just send Box Y-303 Apache Junction, Arizona dress, work shoes name, address & zip to Littleton Stamp Co., Dept. in stores that really fit. JK-18. Littleton, N. H. 03561. Top quality, pop- Write Today ular prices. Money- WHEN WRITING INCLUDE back guarantee. for FREE CATALOG 500 RETURN ADDRESS LABELS YOUR ZIP CODE 'HITCHCOCK SHOES, INC., Hingham 5-J, Mass. 02043 MAGNIFYING GLASSES 500 Silver Dollar USE YOUR Now! "ZIP" CODE Over 80 Years Old RICH GOLD TRIM Yours only $3 FREE HANDY BOX Uncirculated, bright Silver Quick and easy way to put your name and A Blessing For Folks Over 40 U.S. return address on letters, checks, books, rec- Dollar just as it ords, etc. ANY name, address and Zip code Read newspaper, telephone book, recipes, came from Mint up to 4 lines, beautifully printed in black on Bible, and do close work easily. Goodlook- over 80 years ago. white gummed labels with rich gold trim. 2" ing stylish amber frames. Wear like regular Limit : one to a cus- tomer. Sent with long. Free decorative box for purse or desk. glasses, SEE CLEARER INSTANTLY. FREE Catalog plus Set of 500 labels just 50

THAT'S LIFE, HONEY? We need a freezer. The range blew a fuse. The car needs tires And Baby needs shoes. Rover's chewed the rug In a dozen places. Daughter's front teeth Need platinimi braces. Sonny needs a bike. We need a bigger flat,

A color TV . . . Afford it? What's that? Ethel Jacobson

PERENNIAL POOP Good advice is never wasted. You give it to your offspring, and they in turn and in time, pass it along to theirs. Ralph E. Munsel HO HUM The yawn is provided by nature. Especially for married men, Just to give their mouths a chance To open now and then. "We're having a spontaneous demonstration on Friday ^VILLIAM F. Seckler for the benefit of those of you who haven't been on TV." 0 — A — S— H THE AMERICAN LEGION MAGAZINE The way stores in our town push credit, you'd think cash was a dirty four-letter word. Jeanne Pollett NON-PASTEURIZED Wc took our four-year-old grandaughter with us to church. It happened SLIGHT OVERSIGHT to be on the first Sunday of tlie month when Coimiiunion was observed. ^Ve Though I favor their product,

explained to her that onlv persons who had becxi baptized in tlie church I'll no longer pick it; could take part in this ceremony. They mailed me a coupon Later we overheard her telling her mother, "I don't like that church. With no sweepstakes ticket. They wouldn't let me have a cracker or any wine, because I wasn't S. S. BiDDLE pasteurized!" Adele Ashley

QUICK REVELATION At a party, a cute young blonde sat down beside another female guest. "I wonder what's wrong with that tall redheaded fellow over there," she said suddenly. "Just a while ago he was getting awfully friendly, then all of a sudden he turned pale and walked away. Now he won't even look at me!" "Maybe he saw me coming in," was the other woman's terse com- ment. "I'm his wife." F. G. Rernan

CHANGE OF CLIMATE An elderly farmer, walking along a country road, was ollercd a ride by a motorist in a new, air-conditioned car, and it was the old man's first encoiuiter with air-conditioning. "Where are you going?" the driver asked. "Down the road about tliree miles to work in my tobacco field," replied the farmer. But they had only traveled about a half mile when he asked to get out of tlie car. "Why?" asked the puzzled motorist. "I thought you were going to work in your tobacco field." "I was," said the farmer, "but the weather's turned so much cooler I "I hope this year I can teach instead of think I'll go back and butcher some hogs!" listening to charges and counter charges." Dan Bennett THE AMERICAN LEGION MAGAZINE

58 THE AMERICAN LEGION MAGAZINE • SEPTEMBER 1969 Eight year old whiskeys vs. four, five and six year old whiskeys.

The straight whiskeys blended* in Schenley Reserve are older. And older whiskey tastes more mature. Smoother. It costs more to make. So compare the age. Compare the price. And if you're paying Schenley Reserve prices for something younger, don't think that they're charging too much. Maybe we're just charging too little.

Schenley Reserve. It costs more to make. Costs us. Not you.

Blended Whiskey • 35% Straight Whiskeys 65% Grain Neutral Spirits • 86 Proof ©Schenley Distillers Co.,N.Y.C. America's first family of Send your U.S. serviceman overseas five tax-free cartons of Pall Malls. Fill out order cigarettes blank and return with money order. King- size $5.73; Gold 100's $6.22; Menthol $6.22.

FILTER CIGARETTES The American Tobacco Company I 245 Park Avenue • New York, N.Y. 10017 I Please send five Q Pall Mall king-size cartons; Pall Mall Gold 100's cartons; cartons to: I I Pall Mall Menthol Rank/Serial No.

MENTHOL Unit. APO/FPO.

Pall Mall quality with menthol America's first king-size cigarette. Donor's Name.

Donor's Address.

Limited to: Vietnam (or other Far East areas-Thailand, Korea, t.aos, Burma, etc.)

America's Tirst 100 mm cigarette.