PROCEEDINGS of the International Lilac Society

Lilacs

Volume 10

Tenth Annual Convention Des Moines, Iowa May 21 and 23, 1981 Volume 10 PROCEEDINGS 1981

A publication of THE INTERNA TIONAL LILAC SOCIETY Copyright 7987 Editor, !.L.S.

LILACS is the official publication of the International Lilac Society. Proceedings published annually. Research publications as received. THE PROCEEDINGS are benefits of membership.

Copies of this publication are available by writing to the Interna- tional Lilac Society, cia Fr. John L. Fiala, 7359 Branch Road, Medi- na, Ohio 44256. Enclose $5.00 per copy requested.

President: Dr. Owen M. Rogers University of New Hampshire, Dept. of Plant Science, Nesmith Hall, Durham, N.H. 03824 International Lilac Society, William A. Utley, Executive Vice President, Grape Hill Farm, 1232 Tyre Rd., Clyde, NY 14433

Secretary: Walter W. Oakes" Box 315, Rumford, Maine. 04276

Treasurer: Mrs. Marie Chaykowski 4041 Winchell Road, Mantua, Ohio. 44255

Editor: Robert B. Clark Cattle Landing Road, Meredith, N.H. 03253

MEMBERSHIP CLASSIFICA TION Single annual $ 7.50 U.S. Family 10.00 Sustaining 15.00 Institutional/Commercial 20.00 Life 150.00

* Mail membership dues to l.L.S. Secretary.

INTERNA TIONAL LILAC SOCIETY is a non-profit corporation com- prised of individuals who share a particular interest, appreciation and fondness for lilacs. Through exchange of knowledge, experience and facts gained by members it is helping to promote, educate and broaden public understanding and awareness.

Published January 1982

J& J Printing,lnc.,laconia,N. H. Contents

First Ten Years in Brief 1 Lilac Growing at Margaretten Park 3 Ewing Park's Lilac Collection 6 Des Moines Botannical Center 8 Lilac Clinic 9 Arie F. den Boer Crab Apple Arboretum 18 Heard Gardens, Ltd. 18 Tenth Annual Meeting 18 Financial Report 20 Members Attending 10th Annual Meeting 21 Awards 22 Frost Damage on Lilac Flowers in the Katie Osborne Collection 24 Index to Lilac Cultivars (Vols. 1·9) 31 Index to Authors et al (Vols. 1·9) 34 Index to Subjects (Vols. 1-9) 37

The First Ten Years In Brief

One Saturday in mid-May of 1971 fifteen lilac lovers, responding to an open invitation from Orville M. Stewart, Jr., gathered at the Bayard Cutting Arboretum, Great River, New York, to look into the desirability of forming a society for the study and promition of lilacs. Each of the founding members volunteered his talents and steps were authorized by the Board of Directors thus constituted to organize, to incorporate under the laws of New York State, and to apply to the U.S. Internal Revenue Service for tax-exempt status as an educational institution. Eighty-seven members and guests attended the first Annual Meet- ing held at Highland Park, Rochester, New York, during the lilac season of 1972. It was an auspicious occasion for charter members arriving from Europe as well as remote parts of North America, but Rochester's spring-time weather proved fickle and only the early hybrid lilacs were in bloom. Subsequent annual meetings have been held in the vicinities of Boston, Hamilton, Chicago, Amherst, Phila- delphia, Durham, NH, Cleveland and Des Moines, and, although peak bloom has seldom been in evidence, nevertheless each meeting was memorable for those who attended and progress made, thanks in large measure to the successive local chairpersons who gave of themselves freely. Educational functions have been evidenced from the beginning with newsletters and proceedings issued by Fr. Fiala (for the first five r

years) later by Isabel Zucker, Walter Eickhorst, Charles Holetich and Robert Clark. Herein lies the foundation of contemporary lilac litera- ture whose framework is appended in several indices and which re- cord the first nine years of I.L.S. proceedings published in the annals titled LiLacs *. A manuscript exhibited in the Morton Arboretum library of a study of lilac flowers by Joseph Dvorak in the living collections of Morton Arboretum and Lilacia Park at Lombard, Illinois, was made available to the Society for publication in May 1976. This booklet, consisting of 78 pages of exceptional line drawings plus identifying notes by Joseph Dvorak, titled LiLac Study, is available through the l.L.S. archivist, Fr. John L. Fiala, at $5.00 U.S. postpaid. Address: 7359 Branch Road, Medina, Ohio 44256.

The Covers of the First Nine Issues are Printed as Follows: , International Lilac Society Incorporated, Proceedings 1972, volume 1, number 5 , Proceedings volume 2, number 4, International LilacSociety Incorporated, May 1974, LILACS 'International Lilac Society, Inc. Volume 3, Number 1, LILACS, Convention Proceedings, 1974. , Volume 4, 1975 International Lilac Society Incorporated, Convention Proceedings, LILACS • LILACS AN AMERICAN HERITAGE, lnter- national Lilac Society Incorporated Fifth Annual Convention, Rochester,New York, May 21-23, 1976, volume 5, number 1, Convention Proceedings 1976 , International Lilac Society Incorporated, LILACS, volume 6, number 1, Proceedings of Sixth Annual Convention, Amherst, Massachusetts, May 20-22, 1977. From this date forward the legend has not varied , aside from places and dates.

2 Lilac Growing at Margaretten Park by Joel Margaretten, Leona Valley, California Margaretten Park was originally settled by a gold miner named Kerr who homesteaded it in the mid·1880s. He built the house from native materials or whatever he could bring up through a winding canyon on horseback. For water he built a flume without pipe which follows the contour from a spring two miles away. Remnants of it can still be seen. He was buried in the mine when it caved in on him and his remains are still there. The second owners by the name of Talley bought the property from Kerr's heirs. They increased the size of the ranch to 360 acres, developing it for cattle raising. Mrs. Talley produced many beautiful stone mosaic pieces which are distributed over the terraces, gardens, and pools. Many years ago I purchased the ranch, renamed it Margaretten Park, and started in the cattle business. The drought of 1952, however, forced me to reduce the herd from 800 to 50 head. As a result of the drop in the cattle market, I gave up cattle raising altogether. One of the first things I did at the Park was to plant three lilacs, but lost them all the first year for lack of water and through neqlect. Three replacements the next year survived. As more water was developed more lilacs were planted, all common Syringa vulgaris varieties. Today there are 25 springs, 5 wells, 13 large storage tanks and miles of irrigation pipe plus a drip system of miles of plastic hose.

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Semi-arid Climate Raising lilacs in a semi-arid climate is simple provided you have perserverance. When I came to California experts told me that I could not grow lilacs in a Mediterranean climate. Well I tried, and I failed. I tried again. This time I succeeded, but first let me tell you what conditions are like at Margaretten Park. In southern California we have very low humidity in summer, from 2 to 10%, changing to 30 to 100% in the winter and spring. The yearly rainfall might vary from zero to 30 inches, all within two or three months. There is also a marked difference in the temperatures between day and night, from 60 to 80 degrees Fahrenheit in winter to 20 to 60 degrees Fahrenheit in summer. For instance, I have seen 16 degrees Fahrenheit jump to 100 degrees by noon; in summer it may vary from 40 degrees to 110 degrees Fahrenheit in the same day. How can you get the lilac to go dormant under such climatic conditions? Inducing Dormancy After much trial and error I found that the only sure way to induce dormancy in lilacs is to take water away from them over an extended period, from August 15th until it starts raining in November or December. During periods of extreme heat I might give them just enough water to keep some moisture around the roots without acti- vating the buds. They never go completely dormant because I have observed branches elongate even in the wintertime. But continuous watering will make them evergreen and they'll never produce any flowers, or the few buds that do form will abort or develop into puny clusters. Our soils vary but are generally well drained, rocky, sandy, decom- posed granite with pockets of clay and are highly mineralized, vary- ing in pH reaction. Alluvial layers vary from two to 500 feet in depth depending upon whether you are on top of the mountain or in the valley. Our water is very hard and highly mineralized. Lilacs do not tolerate "wet feet". They can easily be killed by drowning: too much water standing around for long periods. Lilacs like to be free and in full sun, so do not crowd them or plant them under a tree. They should be pruned whenever necessary getting rid of dead, old or crossing branches. We are lucky in that our lilacs do not have the usual troubles such as borers or mildew. Twenty years ago there were 50,000 lilac bushes in the Park. I estimate that today there are between 300 and 500 cultivars, all strong and healthy plants. Lilacs have been my life. It has been a very exciting, interestiing and rewarding experience. I wish to thank all who have sent me scions, especially Don Egolf, Walter Eickhorst, Fr. John Fiala, Charlie Holetich, Walter Oakes and Marty Martin who have been most generous and cooperative. And I give particular thanks to Tita, my dear wife, who has ever remained at my side throughout all aspects of lilac culture and development over the years. To her belongs bound- less credit for our every success at Margaretten Park.

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Ewing Park's Lilac Collection

Just prior to the second World War the Des Moines Park Board set aside 35 acres of the newly created Ewing Park for a lilac arboretum. George Madsen was placed in charge of the project. He bought 350 plants of 116 varieties of the so-called French hybrids which by 1943 were ready for outplanting along a few turf paths. By 1947 the lilacs bloomed well and the public was invited to come see them. The next year's bloom attracted some 20,000 visitors on Lilac Sunday plus another 15,000 visitors during the period of bloom. Today the collection has doubled in number of cultivars to 203 and the number of lilacs to about 1800 plants, and the annual pilgrimage to Ewing Park is a must for Iowans. John C. Wister was engaged as consultant in 1948 and he worked out the design of collections into color schemes which brought together both harmonious shades of lilac, blue and pink as well as con- trasting purples, reds and white. These all were planted in groups of three or five sufficient to give eyefulls of color at season's peak. Such was the layout of the major display. Separately were planted lilacs of historical distinction, those which no longer were much planted in gardens but which had significance in the development of the common lilac into what it has become today.

Maintenance

Four _d men take care of all planting and maintenance: grass cutting, prurn s raying, etc. To eliminate fussy mowing around each lilac a straw m is used which controls weeds as well as protecting against "Jim injur' arking stems with machinery). Twice a year suckers are eliminated anCNiuri~e-o-Re-~ of the large stems are removed while the pruner can easily study ----- which ones to cut. Of course, spent flowers of the single cultivars are removed as soon as possible after flowering. And, in late winter one day which is not too windy and the forecast predicts no frost that night a dormant oil spray is applied over the entire collection as a preventative for oyster-shell and euonymus scales.

Alphabetical List of the Varieties

S-Single, D-Double I. Common Lilac

Adelaide Dunbar O-purple Belle de Nancy O-pinkish Alphonse Lavalle D-lilac Boule Azuree S-bluish Ambassdeur S-bluish Boussingault O-pinkish Amethyst _....•.... S-pinkish Capitaine Baltet S-magenta A.M. Brand S-purple Capitaine Perrault O-pinkish Anne Shiack _ S-purple Carmen _ D-pinkish

6 Case's Frilled Pink " D·pink Lucie Baltet ...... S-pinkish Cavour , .. , Svvlolet Ludwig Spaeth S-purple Charles X Svrnaqenta Macrostachya S-pinkish Charm Svpinkish Marc Michell...... D-bluish City of Gresham S-purple Marceau S-magenta Clara Svpinkish Marechal Foch Svrnaqenta Clara Cochet Svpinkish Marechal Lannes D-violet Coerula Superba S·bluish Marengo S-lilac Colbert Dvrnaqenta Marie Finon S-white Comte de Choiseul D-pink Marie Legraye S-white Comte de Montebello Dvlilac Massena Svrnaqenta Condorcet D·pinkish Maurice Barres .. S-bluish Congo S·magenta Maurice de Vilmorin D-bluish Crepuscle Svblutsh Michel Buchner...... D-lilac Dame Blanche Dvwhite Mlle.Fernande Viger S-white Decaisne Svbluish Mme. Antoine Buchner D-pink De Humboldt Dvbluish Mme. F. Morel S-magenta De Miribel ...... •...... Svviolet Mme. Fallieres S-lilac Diderot Svpurple Mme. Florent Stepman S-white Diplomate Svbluish Mme. Leon Simon. . .. . D-lilac Doyen Keteleer D·bluish Monge...... S-purple Dr. von Regel Svp inkish Monique Lemoine D-white Duc de Massa Dvbluish Mont Blanc ...... •...... S-white Edward J. Gardner Dvplnkish Montaigne ...... D-pinkish Edith Cavell Dvwhite Monument S-white Edmund About Dvrnaqenta Moonlight S-bluish Ellen Wilmott Dvwhite Mrs.Edward Harding...... Dvrnaqenta Emil Lemoine Dvlilac Mrs. W.E.Marshall S-purple Esther Staley . . Svrnaqenta My Favorite ...... D-magenta Etna Svpurple Naudin , D-lilac Firmament S·bluish Night ...... Svpurple Frau Bertha Dammann S·white Olivier de Serres D-bluish Frau Wilhelm Pfitzer Svpink Paul Deschanel D-magenta Fuerst Lichtenstein Svpink Paul Thirion D-magenta Gaudichaud Dvbluish Philemon S-purple Gen. Kitchener Dvbluish Pink Cloud S-magenta Gen.Pershing (Lemoine) Dvpink Planchon _.. D-magenta Gen. Sherman S·bluish Pres. Fallieres D-lilac Georges Bellaire Dvrnaqenta Pres. Grevy .. D-bluish Gilbert Svlilac Pres. Lincoln S-blue Gloire de Moulins ...... Svlilac Pres.Roosevelt...... S-purple Glory Svrnaqenta Pres. Viger ...... D-bluish Goliath S·magenta Priscilla S-magenta Grace Orthwaite Svpinkish Prodige ...... S-purple Henri Martin...... D·lilac Purple Glory...... S-purple Henri Robert D·violet Pyramidal D-lilac Henry Clay Svwhite Reaumur S-magenta Hippolyte Maringer Dvlilac Rene Jarry Desloges D-bluish Hugo Koster Svlilac Rochambeau S-purple J. de Messemaeker Svpurp!e Ronsard S-bluish Jacques Callot Svl ilac Rosace D-lilac Jan van Tol S·white Ruhm von Horstenstein S-magenta Jean Bart Dvpinkish Sarah Sands .. S-purple Jean Mace...... D-pinktsh Saturnale S-bluish Jeanne d'Arc D·white Schermerhorn ...... S·pinkish Jules Ferry Dvpinkish Siebold D-white Katherine Havemeyer D·pink Souv. d'Alice Harding D·white Le Printemps Dvpinkish Souv. de Simone D-white Leon Gambetta D·!ilac Stadtgartner Rothpletz D-purple Leon Simon Dvrnaqenta Sunset D·magenta Lilarosa Svpinkish Thunberg...... D-lilac

7 Toussaint I'Ouverture S-purple Violetta D-violet Triomphe d'Orleans S-lilac Virginite D-pinkish Vestale S-white Volcan _ D-purple Vivian Evans _ S-lilac Wm. C.Barry S-lilac Victor Lemoine D-lilac

II. Early Hybrids (including wild types)

Assessippi S-lilac Montesquieu S-magenta Berryer D-pinkish Necker ...... •.... S-pinkish Catinat ...... •...... S-pinkish oblata dilatata S-pinkish Excel _ S-lilac Pocahontas , S-purple Lamartine S-pinkish Scotia S-pinkish Louvois ...... •...... S-violet Villers S-lilac Mirabeau _ S-magenta

III. Species, Types and Hybrids IV. Historical Collection Midseason Azures plena 1843 .. D-bluish Common Lilac Types Bleuatre pre 1897 .. S-bluish vulgaris, S-lilac Charles Joly ...... 1896 ..D-magenta vulgaris alba S-white Condorcet 1888 .. D-pinkish vulgaris coerulea , Sdilac De Croncels pre 1876 .. S-magenta De Humboldt 1892 .. D-bluish Other Midseason Types De Louvian pre 1859 .. S-lilac chinensis S-lilac Doyen Keteleer 1895 ..D-bluish chinensis saugeana .. _ S-purple Dr. von Regel 1883 .. S-pinkish Grace Mackenzie _.. Svpinkish Frau Bertha Dammann 1883 .. S-white persica S-lilac Gloire de Lorraine . . .. 1876 .. S-magenta pubescens S-lilac Gloire de Moulins pre 1867 .. S-lilac Late Hyacinthiflora 1878 .. D-bluish Species Lamarck 1886 .. D-bluish . josikaea . S-lilac Lemoinei 1878 .. D-lilac reflexa ...... •...... S-lilac Marc Micheli ...... •.... 1898 .. Dvbluish sweginzowi . S-lilac Marlyensis pre 1839 .. Svlilac villosa _ _ . S-lilac Michel Buchner 1885 .. D-lilac Mme. Fallieres ...... 1908 .. S-lilac Hybrids Mme.Lemoine 1840 .. D-white Floreal (x nanceiana) .. S-pinkish Philemon _.. pre 1846 .. S-purple Hiawatha (xprestoniae) .. S-magenta Prince Imperial 1861 .. S-magenta Isabella (x prestoniae) .. S-lilac Pyramidal _ 1886 ..D-lilac Jessica (x prestoniae) .. S-violet Senateur Volland 1887 .. D-magenta Lutece _ (x Henryi) .. S-violet Triomphe d'Orleans 1854 .. S-lilac Miranda (x prestoniae) .. S-pinkish Nerissa (x prestoniae) .. S-magenta Royalty (x josiflexa) .. S-purple Rutilant (x nanceiana) .. S-purple Des Moines Botanical Center

The sixty-foot high crystogon dome of the Des Moines Botanical Center rises above the east bank of the Des Moines River in a 14·acre site. The Center is operated and maintained by the Des Moines Park and Recreation Department. Beneath the dome in a controlled atrnos- phere grow a thousand species of exotic plants and pockets of color- ful plants in flower according to season, plus the Ladany Bonsai collection. In the Garden Court entrance room recessed in a wall are some two dozen shadow boxes each containing three dimensional life-size wild flowers of the Iowa prairies created by Neil Deaton of

8 Newton, Iowa. So natural as to size and color were these prairie wild flowers that they appear fresh. After a guided tour of the conservatory we adjourned to the Exhibit Hall for a delicious luncheon served by the ladies of the "Ding" Darling Chapter of the Isaac Walton League of America.

Lilac Clinic

The forenoon of Saturday, May 16, was given to panel discussions on lilac propagation and culture. Panelists were Mr. T.J. Cole, Curator of the Dominion Arboretum, Ottawa, Ontario, Dr. Donald R. Egolf of the National Arboretum, Washington, D.C., Fr. John L. Fiala of Medina, Ohio, Mr. William R. Heard of Heard Gardens, Ltd., Des Moines, Iowa, Dr. Joel Margaretten of Leona Valley, California, Mr. Winfried Martin of the Holden Arboretum, Mentor, Ohio, Mr. Max Peterson of Ogallala, Nebraska, and Mr. Donald Wedge of Wedge Nursery, Albert Lea, Minnesota. Hardwood Propagation of Lilacs Ralph Leonard, Jr., of Heard Gardens, demonstrated grafting techniques by means of an Omega grafting machine developed in Ger- many for grafting of grapes. Bill Heard narrated and answered questions. S. Schenker: What kind of lilac are you using? Heard: Edith Cavell. Margaretten: What is the rootstock? Heard: This is green ash, frexinus pensylvanica. The stock and the scion must be the same thickness to match well. The ash stock acts as a nurse root. It feeds the scion until the scion puts out its own roots. After the scion develops its own roots, it rejects the ash root. When you dig the plant in two or three years, you find very few signs of the ash root (except occasionally with white lilac varieties. Peterson: Do you use tape for binding the union? Wedge: We bind ours together with grafting twine, because I feel that most roots are going to develop at the splice so we don't want to cover that area with tape. Then we put as many as 500 grafts in- to polyethylene bags, dust them with Captan and place them in- to refrigerated storage, 32-35 degrees F. We wait until corn planting time, when the soil becomes warm enough to promote root development. Margaretten: I don't have too much luck with tapes. I use rubber bands. Fiala: Rubber bands do not last very long, do they? Margarettan: Long enough to hold the scion until it unites. Egolf: I don't believe the rubber bands will disintegrate all that readily. We have to cut them every time. S. Schneker: Do you have to take the tapes off? Fiala: No, it just disintegrates, but that's nursery grafting tape, not electrical tape.

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Lining Out Lilacs Margarettan: Do you have any trouble getting the grafted lilacs into the ground? Wedge: No, we used to plant the grafts by hand in machine dug tren- ches, but now we are using a mechanical transplanter that four people ride on and which sets the plants at the right depth. They should just barely stick above qround. Margarettan: How many buds above ground? Wedge: The buds should be close to the surface. We always cut our scions with buds within one-half inch of the top. We don't care how many buds are down below - just so there's a pair of buds near the top. We always use a six-inch length of scion, but not terminal buds because they are likely to be flower buds. Baschnagel: We have a very heavy soil so that we'd like to line out our grafts in a shallow hole. What would happen if we were to line them out on a slant instead of vertical? Heard: I've seen growers who've planted rows all on a slant. It's the old-fashioned way. I'm not sure if it's better or not. Budding of Lilacs Rogers: Is anyone doing any budding? This question is based upon the English tradition. I was at Notcutt's Nursery a few years ago, and they would line out understocks. Then in August (the standard time for budding) they would bud all their cultivars onto S. vulgaris stock, wait through the winter, and then in the spring they would inspect them for take. Whenever the buds did not take, they grafted a new scion on top and wrap it in a little plastic bag. Fiala: The lilac propagations which Bob Forsythe did for I.L.S. in 1976 were budded on S. persica in mid-summer. Rogers: And the S. persica is still coming up! I cut the tops back hard, but I didn't set the plants deep enough. Fiala: You have to plant it well below the union, and of course you run the risk, if the S_ persica is too deep and your drainage is not good, that the S. persica dies before tne top makes any roots of its own. At Sheridan nurseries in Canada they bud on SS. reticulata and villosa. Rogers: It's a good idea to use something different from the scion, so that, if anything does come up, you'll know it immediately. Fiala: It generally does not come up though. Their experience, especially with SS. reticulate and villosa, has been that the stock does not sucker. Rogers: I think that ash works the same way. Wedge: Ash is much less expensive than any other understock. Forcing Growth and Hardening Lilacs Egolf: A procedure which has been most beneficial in forcing lilacs in containers to develop flower buds is the withholding of water in September and October. When the plants become dry their leaves will turn brown around the edges and look bedraggled. But we'll get twice the bloom on plants which were put under stress than those with routine watering.

10 H. Schenker: When you have "stressed" lilacs and then get a bad winter, don't you stand a greater chance of losing those plants? Egolf: Under stress conditions lilacs will go into the winter better than if they were in lush growth. H. Schenker: September and October are usually wet months in New England. Egolf: I'm talking here of lilacs under cover. The only way you could control moisture is by using plastic underneath the plant. How- ever, in plants with multiple stems you'd have a hard time to control water effectively. Fertilizer for Lilacs Rogers: What do you use for fertilizer on lilacs? Margaretten: Just plain steer manure. One year I used chicken manure and almost lost them. I used to throw the steer manure right into the plant, if it's a large bush. I don't do that any more. I side-dress it. Rogers: What kind of fertilizer do others use? Martin: I can tell you what not to use. Don't use any high nitrogen fer- fertilizer. S. Schenker: Suppose your lilac is lacking in growth and you want to get more vigor into it. You'd need nitrogen, wouldn't you? Martin: Yes, but you'd have to be extremely careful. Rogers: I'm a lazy gardener and I grow my lilacs near grass. I use the lawnmower to control the suckers. I fertilize the lawn with a high nitrogen feritlizer. As I go by the lilac I toss a handful of this high nitrogen fertilizer underneath it. Am I in trouble? Cole: No, becausethe lawn usesmost of the fertilizer anyway. Rogers: What do you do, Don, about fertilizing lilacs at the National Arboretum? Egolf: What I'm doing is quite different from what most of you will be doing, because I'm interested in maximum growth and development as rapidly as possible. On seedling lilacs I'm using 20-20- 20 fertilizer by means of an injection system every two weeks. Seedlings which would be germinating in mid-May, under such a fertilizer program, will be four feet tall by fall. Some of these will have initiated flower buds by the second year. In our field plantings we're using one fertilizer application, I o-} o-} 0, broad- cast over the entire field in January or February. Wedge:Do you want a slow-release fertilizer? Egolf: No, becauselilacs put their growth on in early spring. I'd sooner have a quick-release early in the season so that I get an early flush of growth which will harden before fall frosts. Fertilizer for- mulation will also vary considerably according to soils. If you're on a light, sandy soil, you'll be using a different formula from what I use on heavy clayey soils. Emerson: We've put a lot of wood ashes around our lilacs. How much of it can we safely apply? Cole: Wood ashes are about 0-0-5. Almost any amount would be all right. Margaretten: Is seedling growth a continuous process or does it occur

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in flushes? Egolf: In most cases you'll find intermittent flushes, but, if you get seedlings started early enough, you can keep them in continuous growth. S. Schenker: When your soil is rather poor, can you get away with a two-year fertilizer tablet? Egolf: It would depend upon the formula of the fertilizer tablet. Sipp: Is it in the fall that you apply fertilizer? Egolf: In North Carolina you can apply fertilizer any time from No- vember onward. Time for fertilizer application depends upon geographic region. In the South you must get fertilizer on well before there is any leaf growth so that it is worked into the soil when you're having spring rains. Applying fertilizer after lilacs have come into vegetative growth does no good toward promoting growth for the succeeding year. Cole: In regions with heavy snowfall it's no good putting fertilizer on in late fall because the fertilizer is mostly leached out as the snow melts. pH and Lilacs Margaretten: What would be the best pH for lilacs? Cole: What have you got? Margaretten: My pH varies. Cole: From 3.5 to 8.0? Clark: Does anyone know how the lilac collection at the Montreal Bo- tanical Garden is doing? Cole: Very good. Clark: Their pH is 7.9 to 8.2. Rogers: I've always believed that we talk about alkaline soils for lilacs because in England you find lilacs growing in pure chalk. The assumption is that lilacs require alkaline soil. But in New England I don't believe there is a pH of 7.0 anywhere in the region. L. Ericson: Will a lilac grow in any pH? Rogers: My response to the question of where shall I plant a lilac is in any good garden soil. In New England lilacs grow just great at pH 6.5. We've just heard that lilacs are doing just great in highly alkaline soils at pH 8.2. It evidently doesn't matter what the chemical reaction is. Emerson: I'd like to ask if you take plants from Dr. Margaretten's soils into another area with different mineral content, would the flower color be different? Egolf: It certainly would. I took two plants of Olivier de Serres and put them twenty feet apart in very high alkaline soil. One plant I added aluminum sulfate to make it acid. Flowers of the acid treated lilac were lighter in color, the blossoms thicker, the flower clusters longer and looser, while the untreated lilac's flowers were darker colored and very much tighter and shorter. Cole: The only problem with aluminum sulfate is that the aluminum does build up in the soil and you get aluminum toxicity. I don't know if it applies to lilacs, it certainly does to rhododendrons.

12 Failure of Lilacs to Bloom Holetich: I want to make a brief comment about lilacs not blooming. If the foliage is healthy and moisture is plentiful, I would say hold back on watering and, instead, apply a fertilizer high in phosphate, such as 6-8-12 fertilizer or straight superphosphate. Margaretten: I have four shrubs on which I've not seen a single flower in 30 years. Two of them were planted when there were no trees around. I wanted a windbreak, so I planted some pine trees. These pines grew up above two of them, whereas those lilacs which were out in the field in full sunlight always bloom for me. The condition of not getting any flowers occurs very frequently in California, My experience has been that if I prepare the soil right, and put the plants in right and in the right place, that is, in full sunlight rather than under shade, I get flowering. If I don't do that, I don't get flowering. I have come to the con- clusion that in California if lilacs do not flower, the gardener hasn't planted the lilac properly, that is, with care, or in the right location, that is, in full sun. Flower Bud Initiation Holetich: Has anyone studied or determined the time of flower-bud set? Margaretten: Dr. Joseph Caprio of Montana State University, Boze- man, wrote a report on how lilacs and other plants time their blooming. Egolf: For the lilac I think you'll find that the initiation of flower- buds takes place very early in the growing season.We did some sectioning last year on a number of cultivars.We found that the buds were very well developed by the first week of June. Some of the later blooming hybrids have their buds developed in July. The bud is initiated but it is not developed until later on in the growing season. Precisely what the factors are for development is not clearly understood yet. Clark: On my way to Des Moines I visited the George Landis Arbor- etum at Esperance, New York, Fred Lape, its director, asked me about the possibility of flower-buds changing into vegetative buds after a winter such as we've had. The buds were in the proper position for flower buds. Heard: We will be having some information on that condition in a study using the electron microscope.

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Scanning Electron Microscope Heard: During the past year I participated in an exploratory project using certain lilac cultivars to determine by means of the scanning electron microscope possible differences between authen- tic material of lilac cultivars. I leave it to Dr.. Rogers to explain. Rogers: We must ever remember that we are amateurs. By our very nature we are obliged to ask naive questions. But specifically we must begin to investigate one of the most difficult problems that I.L.S. faces, namely, the identification of lilac cultivars. Let me illustrate with this true story. I went to the Arnold Ar- boretum with arms full of cut lilacs to get Peter Green's help in identifying them. Together we went out into the lilac collection, and matched them one by one. We held the cut bloom right into the middle of the known cultivar. We were certain there was no distinction between ours and the labeled variety. I rushed back to Durham and confidently tagged all our lilacs only to discover that one of them which we had planted in 1941 was one of the W.B. Clarke hybrids which had not been introduced until 1949! So now the electron microscope technique becomes available. This scanning electron microscope reaches all the way from lOX to 150,000 diameters and differs from other microscopes in its three dimensional depth, so that you can visualize the object. Both cross and long sections of known cultivars are made. Certain minute characters are thus revealed which may be useful to distinguish one cultivar from another. We might be able to use the term fingerprinting thus answering the question: Is this cv. X or cv. Y? Or at least is it a true copy of cv. X. But the electron microscope is expensive and will not be mass-produced for the consumer market. We must begin to Use new techniques as they become available to us. Let us stand always in awe of the artist who can pass his hand over a plant and it grows. Let us always remain childlike in the face of nature. Heard: This report (just the tip of an iceberg) comes to us through the U.S.D.A. Forestry Station at Delaware, Ohio, which has been supported by funds from the Horticultural Research Institute.

Removal of Spent Blossoms Fiala: In setting of seeds in the spring I think that the amount of blossom that is pollinized has some influence on the bloom the following year. If you have a heavy bloom and seed is setting abundantly but is not removed almost immediately, I believe that it influences the bud set for the following year. I've found in many cultivars that a heavy bloom one year leads to a poor bloom the next. Cole: I don't know if it actually affects the number of blooms, it certainly affects the size of them. Sipp: This is the first year that I've had bloom on my lilacs. How far down do I cut them after the blossoms fade? Cole: A pair of vigorous shoots arise just below the flower stalk. Next year's bloom develops from these shoots, so be careful not to

14 Figures #1 (X21) and #2 (X68) represent cross sections and views of a typical SEM preparation of a lilac bud. Arrows point to the area of interest, the surfaces of leaf primordia. Figure #3 (X290) represents developing pollen grains within the bud of Figure #1 Pollen exine textures in Figure #4 (X3000) could be used as key characteristics in addition to leaf primordia.

15 Figure #5 through #10 represent leaf primordial surfaces on various species and cultivars of Syringa. S. prestoniae 'Isabella' is in Figure #5 with arrows indicating a rough appearance of primordial trio chomes. However, S. prestoniae 'Hiawatha' of Figure #6 does not appear to have trichomes while surfaces are smooth. In Figure #7 S. hyacinthif/ora 'Annabel' has a primordial structure that is stalked (arrows) whereas S. hyacinthif/ora 'Louvois' (Figure #8) has unstalked primordial structures (arrows). When S. vulgaris 'Vestale' and S. oul- garis 'Marie Finon' were compared in Figures #9 and #10 leaf primer- dial surfaces were similar and did not exhibit any differences. In con- clusion similarities and differences apparently are detectable with SEM that could be used to classify or consolidate cultivars in the genus Syringa. 16 disturb these shoots when you cut the spent bloom just above them. And don't cut your finger either! Planting Lilacs H. Schenker: WouLd you go into detail on the preparation of the soil prior to pLanting? Margaretten: You till the soil cleaning out the weeds. You do some fertilizing - not too heavy. One thing I used to do is to put some manure in the hole, cover it with a little soil and then set the plant in. I don't do that any more. I've lost some lilacs that way. I believe it's because of the manure too near the roots. H. Schenker: How about bonemeaL? Margaretten: We've got so much mineral in our California soils that we don't need it. S. Schenker: AI Lumley had a good way of planting and fertilizing his lilacs at Amherst, Massachusetts. He'd dig a big hole. Then he'd get all the neighbors to dump their garbage into it for a season. Afterwards he'd cover it up and plant his lilacs on it. Fiala: That wouldn't work for us in Ohio. You dig a nice big hole - a $50 hole - and you've got a $50 crypt that is going to kill your lilac. You may fill it with the best soil possible and all you've got is a nice casket for your lilac. The hole fills with water and it won't drain out. We have to plant our lilacs above ground. Margaretten: I bought an assortment of 30 lilacs. I was in a hurry to get them in, so I didn't prepare the site. Well, I nearly lost them all, until I found out that I had planted them in straight clay - no drainage. I had to dig them all up, make the hole much deeper, put good soil back and replant them. Out of thirty plants I lost only one. Martin: Let me give you a figure. You folks who saw the new lilac display garden at the Holden Arboretum last year didn't see $120,000 worth of drainage tile in that little area. Cole: The Central Experimental Farm at Ottawa is located on a very light sandy loam, but there are bands of clay across it. A few years ago we were putting in a new lilac collection of about 50 to 60 plants. The site selected was a hillside, and the hillside was clay soil. At the end of the first winter there were only five or six lilacs left. Summer Transplanting of Lilacs Sipp: ALLthe lilacs that I've brought back from our auctions are growing in a small pLot and onLy three feet apart. Now I find they are too close to a sweetgum nearby. When is the best time to transpLant my four foot lilacs? Egolf: If you want to move your lilacs, we at the National Arboretum are doing all of our lilac transplanting in the summer right in full leaf. We did this last year without any losses. After you've moved them, the leaves will burn somewhat on the edges, but if you'll water them well, the plants will soon be back into normal growth and they'll be flowering again the following spring. L. Ericson: Bare root or with soil baLL? Egolf: They will have some soil, but not much.

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The Arie F. Den Boer Crab Apple Arboretum

Diagonally opposite Holiday Inn South on Fleur Drive and within walking distance is situated the Des Moines water works 1200 acre park known as the Charles Sing Denman Woods. Much of the area south of the waterworks plant along Fleur Drive is developed and is known as the Arie F. Den Boer Crab Apple Arboretum. Denman was the plant manager in 1926 when Den Boer came to Des Moines to become superintendent of grounds. And it was Denman who en- couraged Den Boer to specialize in collecting crab apples to decorate the extensive grounds. 'It was among these handsome trees, past flowering, where we were served a catered picnic lunch on Saturday. Crab apples are a fitting companion plant for lilacs even if they do not regularly bloom at the same time with lilacs. To be sure you do need spacious grounds to accornodate crab ap- pie just as you do for proper display of lilacs, if you wish to grow more than merely a few. The more decorative crab apples are Asiatic in origin. They have been cultivated for centuries and they hybridize readily. Like the lilacs up until ten years ago, they have been without formal recognition by any society. It was a pity that we did not actually see any but the American crab apples in bloom.

Heard Gardens Ltd.

Saturday afternoon we visited the original Heard Nursery where our host was reared. We found remnants of many well-known historic lilacs, but these plants now are used only as a source of material for propagation. Heard Gardens Ltd., located at 5355 Merle Hay Road near the city limits is a contemporary nursery operation with a general stock of landscape plants grown in containers. Bill of- fers a goodly selection of first-rate lilacs.

Tenth Annual Meeting

The President's Dinner held on Friday evening prior to the tenth annual meeting was marked by tables decorated with gorgeous cen- terpieces of 'Madame Antoine Bucher'and 'Monge' brought from the University of Minnesota Arboretum by the Ernest Ericksons of Brainerd, and from the gardens of Max and Darlene Peterson of Ogallala, Nebraska. The effects were striking and tastefully arranged adding just the right note to a lilac convention. The annual meeting was convened by President Rogers who asked that a moment of silence be observed in memory of two former Board members; Bernard Harkness and Albert Lumley. Committee reports were presented by the several committee chairmen. The Treasurer's report, the Awards Committee report and the Auc- tioneer's report are given in full herewith. The Election Committee

18 I l

report announced the election to three-year terms to the Board of Directors: Mrs. John H. Alexander III of Middleboro MA., Mr. Thomas N. Chieppo of Woodbridge CT., Dr. Donald R. Egolf of Up- per Marlboro MD., Mrs. Elsie Kara of Columbia Station OH., Mr. George Kidd of Nepean, Ontario, Mr. Maurice Lockwood of Ghent NY., Mr. Roger Luce of Hampden Highlands ME.,and Mrs. Sarah Schenker of Freedom NH. Trevor Cole of the Canadian Department of Agriculture and Chair- man of the 1982 Convention announced that the eleventh Annual Meeting will be held at Ottawa on Thursday and Friday, May 27 and 28th. Miss Isabella Preston developed the late hybrid lilacs at the CDA Experiment Farm in Ottawa more than fifty years ago. Yo'all come.

Report of the Auction Committee

The 1981 Lilac Auction was dedicated in the memory of Bernard Harkness ,second president of the I.L.S. and to Albert Lumley, member of the Board of Directors. Two hundred eighty-five lilacs and articles were donated by the Arnold Arboretum, Royal Botanical Gar- dens, U.S. National Arboretum, Wedge Nursery and individual members of the Society. One hundredfive cultivars, some for the first time, were available, and these enriched our Society's treasury by $1,446. The Committee wishes to thank all members who contributed their time and talents to the success of this enterprise, especially to Marie Chaykowski, Pauline Fiala and Elsie Kara for recording sales, to John Carvill, Walter Eickhorst, Bill Emerson and Max Peterson for organizing and delivering plants, to Bill Heard and his staff at Heard Gardens, Ltd., for warehousing donated lilacs, to Charles Holetich for showing colored slides of many cultivars as they were auctioned, and lastly to Sally Schenker for note-taking during the exciting evening which form the basis of this report. The generous donation of plants and articles and the spirited bid- ding by members and guests made the 1981 Lilac Auction' the most successful one to date. Society members who do not attend these annual meetings are missing a golden opportunities to obtain a variety of quality plants at reasonable prices with mutual benefit to the Society and to themselves. Hanssen Schenker, Chairman

19 FINANCIAL REPORT - MAY 1981 Balance Brought Forward $11,039.21

Receipts

Membership $2,432.50 Upton Scrap Book (Mr. Chiepo) 263.75 Upton Scrap Book (Mr. Peterson) 263.75 Upton Scrap Book (Ohio Chapter ILS) 211.00 Upton Scrap Book (Maude Upton) 520.00 1 Upton Scrap Book (Sales, Donations, Etc.) 2,135.61 . Lilac Auction In Medina 960.25 Advance Return 200.00 t Interest 833.89

Total Receipts $7,820.75 7,820.75 Total Cash $18,859.96

Expenditures

Nominating Committee (J.A.) $ 87.84 I.L.S. - E.C.R. Proceedings - Monthly Pub. 1,100.00 Mailing Permit, Mailings, Envelopes (J.F.) 375.00 Telephone Fees, Postage (W.E.) 69.09 Wilprint Printing - Lilac Book 497.50 Merka Jewelry (Trophies) 609.30 Merka Jewelry (Engravings) 31.10 Envelopes (W.O.) 35.21 State Garden Club '79, '80,'81 30.00 Flower Garden (Ad) 62.40 Due Bills & Stamps (W.O.) 45.00 Stamps & Envelopes 32.32 500 Envelope Brochures & Letterhead 149.62 Upton Scrap Book 6,049.78 Total Expenses $9,174.16 9,174.16 Total All Accounts $9,685.80

Break Down

Life Membership $1,800.00 EduCation, Research 2,241.28 Upton Scrap Book 2,003.46 Legal Fund 295.63 By-Laws 210.25 ~ C.C. Clark Fund 100.00 Operating 3,035.18 Total $9,685.80 l

Respectfully Submitted, Marie F. Chaykowski Treasurer I.L.S.

20 May 1981 THE PRESIDENT'S A WARD OFTHE INTERNATIONAL LILAC SOCIETY is presented to WILLIAM HEARD and to HEARD GARDEN DES MOINES, IOWA For his outstanding work in promoting the lilac and the Society and making newer cultivars available. For his outstanding landscape work featuring the lilac for garden and park beauty. For his outstanding work as a Board of Directors member for the Society. For the excellent promotion, sales and featuring of the lilac in an outstanding and nationally known Nursery and in an historical family collection of the Heard lilacs.

THE PRESIDENT'S A WARD OFTHE INTERNATIONAL LILAC SOCIETY is presented to MAX PETERSON NEBRASKA For turning a portion of the Nebraska Prairie into an unbelievable Lilac Garden. For his deep research into original cultivars and species to estab- lish an outstanding lilac collection from many parts of the world. For his study of lilac culture for his specific area of the country and for his vigorous support of the Society.

THE PRESIDENT'S AWARD OFTHE INTERNATIONAL LILAC SOCIETY is presented to The Des Moines Park Board DES MOINES, IOWA For Ewing Park. For its maintenance of the lilac arboretum at Ewing Park, de. signed by Dr. John Wister, since its inception in 1937 through con. tinued support so as to keep it one of the foremost lilac collections in the Mid·West. For educating through this outstanding lilac collection the public to the beauty and landscape value of the lilac.

22 THE AWARD OF MERIT OF THE INTERNATIONAL LILAC SOCIETY is presented to MARY SMITH GARDEN EDITOR, BELLVUE, IOWA For her special interest in lilacs as expressed in her magazine and newspaper articles on gardens. For her strong support of lilac collections and lilac collectors in both Clinton and Dubuque, Iowa.

THE AWARD OF MERIT OFTHE INTERNATIONALLILAC SOCIETY is presented to FLEETA BROWNELL WOOD ROFFE Nationally Acclaimed Garden Writer and Former Garden Editor NATIONALLY ACCLAIMED GARDEN WRITER AND FORMER GARDEN EDITOR BETTER HOMESAND GARDENS For long and dedicated support of the lilac as one of the most successful spring flowering shrubs in colder climates. For her writings about and promoting the lilac for all types of gardens.

THE AWARD OF MERIT OF THE INTERNATIONAL LILAC SOCIETY is presented to WILSON STAMPE OF THE DAVENPORT, IOWA, PARKS SYSTEM For cherished efforts in developing a mini-lilac park within the larger Davenport Park System to enrich public appreciation and viewing of the lilac.

THE AWARD OF MERIT OFTHE INTERNATIONAL LILAC SOCIETY is presented to BETTER HOMES s GARDENS MAGAZINE For its many articles through the years extolling the merits of the lilac as an important plant in the landscaping of gardens and parks. For publishing many excellent cultural tips to millions of readers regarding the lilac.

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Frost Damage on Lilac Flowers in the Katie Osborne Collection * Royal Botanical Gardens, Hamilton, Ontario, Canada

by Charles Holetich

Spring of 1981 was most unusual and damaging to many early flowering shrubs. Observing the blooming pattern of various flowering trees and shrubs during the past 20 years, I have seen sporadic damage from frost, low temperature and wind on the bloom of forsythias, magolias, rhododendrons, flowering cherries, lilacs and other genera, but never have I seen such intensity of damage on as large a scale as that of last spring. In this paper I shall discuss the damage to lilacs only. Lilacs in the Katie Osborne collection at the Royal Botanical Gardens grow on rolling terrain of different exposure, some on open ground and some under a canopy of large native trees. Some areas are more exposed to N-W wind than others. The maximum difference in vertical elevation of the ground is 16 m (52.5 ft.). The degree of flower damage often differed drastically on lilac cultivars growing side by side under any of the above-mentioned conditions, hence one may conclude that some cultivars are just more resistant to low temperature damage than others.

Special Observations 'Victor Lemoine' and 'Ellen Willmot' were protected by native dogwood growth from the west and by the crown of a black cherry. 'Vestale' growing on the open elevated ridge was damaged less than the specimen growing under an ash tree in a depressed site. 'Hugo Koster' is located under the canopy of a black cherry. The half of the shrub facing the tree trunk had normal-sized flower clusters, while the half facing outward had stunted clusters, developed to half the normal size. The cultivar 'Redbud',which grew under the same tree crown adjacent to 'Hugo Koster' .had all its bloom killed in the bud stage. The specimen of 'Jacques Callot' from the higher elevation suf- fered less damaged than the specimen planted 25 feet lower. S.x hyacinthiflora 'Pink Spray' is located adjacent to 'Turgot' and 'Necker'. Compare the bloom-damage data. Cultivar 'Sumlerki' had 10% of its clusters measuring 20 x 15 ern, with no visible frost damage. About 50% of the clusters showed frost damage in the lower half, while 40% of the clusters were completely killed in the bud stage. 'James Stuart' is located between 'Carmine' and 'Clara'. Compare the data. * Contribution No. 47 from the Royal Botanical Gardens, Hamilton, Ontario, Canada.

24 'Sensation' growing in an open area exposed to the wind had the same damage as the 'Sensation' specimen growing at the base of the slope under the canopy of a tree. 'Rochester' is located adjacent to 'Sensation' and 'Leon Mathieu'. Compare the data. Some cultivars had no sign of any flowering buds, and others were planted in Fall 1980 or Spring 1981. None in these categories was considered in this survey. The damage was prevalent on Syringa vulgaris cvs. and Syringa x hyacinthi{lora cvs., hence no other groups were observed. The peak of bloom was on May 28, when the florets on the majority of lilac cultivars were open and turgid. Temperature data for months of April and May have been added, for those who wish to search further into the cause of damage. The general opinion is that the damage occurred on April 21, 1981. Lilac cultivars are represented by one, two or three specimens each. If the degree of damage differed considerably among two or three specimens of the same cultivar, then the "deqree-darnaqe numbers" are shown separately.

Legend: Examples: 70/30 = the first number indicates the estimated percentage of good bloom; the second number indicates the estimated percentage of the flower cluster that was stunted 0/100 = indicates flower cluster in bloom but reduced to half the usual size 0/100 + = indicates most flowering buds killed; only a few open florets at the tip of the cluster 0/100 + + = indicates all bloom killed in the bud stage (9x6) = first number indicates the height of the shrub in feet; the second number indicates the width of the shrub in feet

Syringa Vulgaris Cultivars

Abel Carriere 10/90 (8x5) Amethyst 0/1 00 + (9x7) Adam Mickiewicz 90/1 0 (5x4) Ami Schott 60/40 (8x6) Adelaide Dunbar 20/80 (9x8) Amor 0/1 00 + + (8x5) Admiral Farragut 0/100 + (9x5) Andenken an Ludwig Spaeth 0/100+ + Agincourt Beauty 0/100 + (5x3) (10x9) Alba Grandiflora 0/100 + + (5x3) Andre Csizik 10/90 (7x5) Alba Virginalis 10/90 (9x9) Anna Nickels 70/30 (6x4) Alexander Hamilton 50/50 (9x6) Anne Shiach 40/60 (lOx6) Alexey Maressyev 40/60 (6x5) Anne Tighe 30170 (9x6) Alice Harding 30170 (7x4) Archeveque 80/20 (4x4) Aline Mocqueris 0/100 (9x7) Arthur William Paul 30170 (7x6) Allison Gray 20/80 (8x6) Azurea Plena 0/100 (6x6) Alphonse Lavallee 70/30 (8x6) Banquise 80/20 (9x6) Ambassadeur 50/50 (8x5) Banquise 20/80 (7x4) A.M Brand 0/100 (lOx9) Belle de Nancy 0/100 (9x8) Ambroise Verschaffelt 0/100 (5x4) Beranger 01100 + (6x6)

25 Bertha Phair 70/30 (6x4) Dwight D. Eisenhower 60/40 Jx5) Beth Turner 30170 (5x4) Earliest Double White 90110 (~x4) Bicolor 01100 + (7x7) Edith Cavell 40/60 (10)'8) Bleuatre 01100" (11 x6) Edmund About 60/40 (8x~) Blue Delight 50/50 (8x6) Edmund Boisser 01100 (9x6) Bogdan Khmelnitski 80/20 (8x6) Edna Dunham 01100 (6x5) Bogdan Przyrzykowski 70/30 (4x4) Edouard Andre 10/90 (8x5) Boussingault 10/90 (7x5) Edward J. Gardner 10/90 (8x5) Bright Centennial 01100 + (8x6) Ekenholm 01100 + (8x6) Burgemeester Loggers 011 00 + + (9x7) Ellen Willmott 80/20 (10x6) Burgemeester Voller 01100 (7x4) Emile Lemoine 40/60 (9x9) Calvin C. Laney 70/30 (9x7) Emil Liebig 20/80 (5x3) Capitaine Baltet 30170 (6x4) Erzherzog Johann 0/100 + (8x5) Capitaine Perrault 70/30 (9x8) Ethiopia 01100 + (7x5) Carmine 01100 + + (9x7) Etna 10/90 (9x7) C.B. Van Nes 01100 (7x5) Etoile De Mai 50/50 (8x6) Champlain 10/90 (7x7) Excellent 60/40 (lOx7) Charles Joly 55/45 (8x6) Fale Baltyku 01100 (6x4) Charles Sargent 20/80 (7x4) Firmament 40/60 (9x8) Charles X 0/100 + (9x9) Flora 10/90 (8x6) Charlotte Morgan 30170 (8x4) Fraicheur 01100 + (4x3) Christophe Colomb 30170 (8x6) Frank Klager 0/100 (7x5) City of Gresham 0/100 + (10xl0) Frank Paterson 10/90 (lOx8) City of Longview 10/90 (8x6) Frau Wilhelm Pfitzer 60/40 (9x8) Clara 01100 + (9x8) Fred Payne 10/90 (6x4) Clara Cochet 011 00 (8x8) Fritz 0/100 (8x5) Clarence D. Van Zandt 01100 (8x6) Fuerst Liechtenstein 20/80 (9x8) Claude De Lorrain 01100 + (4x4) Gastello 50/50 (5x5) Coerulea Superba 01100 + (9x7) Geant Des Batailles 10/90 (9x7) Colbert 50/50 (8x6) Geheimrat Heyder 01100 (8x6) Colmariensis 011 00 + + (9x6) General Grant 01100 + (7x6) Col. Wm. R. Plum 10/90 (9x7) General John Pershing 30170 (7x6) Comte Adrien De Montebello 80/20 General Kitchener 20/80 (7x8) (8x4) General Elwell S. Otis 80/20 (8x6) Comte De Kerchove 20/80 (7x6) General Sherman 0/100 (6x4) Comte Horace De Choiseul 20/80 (9x8) George W. Aldrige 01100 + (9x8) Condorcet 20/80 (10x10) George Bellair 50/50 (10x9) Congo 01100 + (8x6) Gerrie Schoonenberg 30170 (lOx9) Conquete 01100 + (6x5) Gigantea 01100 + + (5x4) Cora Lyden 10/90 (6x4) Gilbert 0/100 + (8x5) Corinne 0/100 + (9x9) Gismonda 40/60 (9x6) Croix De Brahy 01100 + + (8x6) Gloire D'aalsmeer 01100 + (lOx8) Dawn 80/20 (8x7) Gloire De Lorraine 10/90 (6x5) De Humbolt 10/90 (8x6) Gloire De Moulins 20/80 (lOx8) De Jussieu 20/80 (9x5) Gloire De La Rochelle 01100 (4x4) De Miribel 10/90 (9x8) Glory 90/10 (8x8) De Saussure 10/90 (7x6) Godron 50/50 (8x5) Desfontaines 30170 (9x8) Goliath 20/80 (8x6) Diderot 01100 + (Fl x9) Grand Duc Constatin 10/90 (8x6) Dillia 40/60 (9x8) Heather 60/40 (9x6) Diplomate 30170 (9x8) Helen Schloen 0/100 + (9x7) Doctor Brethour 40/60 (10x7) Helene Agathe Keesen 01100 + + (9x6) Downfield 20/80 (8x4) Henri Martin 60/40 (lOx8) Doyen Keteleer 50/50 (7x6) Henri Robert 40/60 (8x6) Dr. Charles Jacobs 0/100 + (8x6) Henry Clay 20/80 (6x5) Dr. Lindley 10/90 (9x8) Henry Wadsworth Longfellow 5/95 (8x6) Dr. Maillot 80/20 (7x5) Henry Ward Beecher 50/50 (lOx8) Dr. Nobbe 01100 (8x8) Herman Eilers 011 00 + (6x4) Dr. Von Regel 20/80 (9x7) Hippolyte Maringer 60/40 (9x7) Duc De Massa 40/60 (8x6) Hiram H. Edgerton 70/30 (6x6) Dusk 40/60 (4x2) Hortensia 01100 (9x7)

26 Hugo De Vries 0/100+ +(10x8) Marylensis Pallida 0/100 + (8x8) Hugo Koster 50/50 (lOxl0) Marshal Vasilevskii 40/60 (6x4) Hugo Mayer 0/100 + (7x5) Martha 50/50 (4x3) LV. Michurin 60/40 (7x5) Martha Kounze 90/10 (6x4) Jacques Callot 60/40 (9x7) Maud Notcutt 20/80 (8x5) Jacques Callot 30170 (lOx6) Maurice Barres 30170 (9x9) James Booth 01100 (8x5) Maurice De Vilmorin 10/90 (7x6) James Stuart 70/30 (11 x9) Mauve Mist 30170 (8x5) Jan Van Tol 0/100 + (9x6) Maxime Cornu 70/30 (lOx6) J. De Messerl'laeker 01100 + (7x7) Maximowicz 50/50 (8x6) Jean Bart 10/90 (7x5) Michel Buchner 30170 (lOx9) Jean Mace 20/80 (9x4) Midwest Gem 30170 (7x7) Jeanne D'arc 10/90 (8x6) Mieczta 20/80 (lOx7) Jessie Gardner 50/50 (6x5) Mildred Luetta 60/40 (3x3) Joan Dunbar 20/80 (6x5) Milton 01100 + (6x5) Johann Mensing 01100 + (7x5) Mlle. Melide Laurent 10/90 (7x5) Jonkheer G.P. Van Tets 0/100 + + (10x7) Mme. Amelie Duprat 30170 (5x5) Jules Ferry 60/40 (8x6) Mme. Anguste Gouchault 80/20 (6x4) Jules Simon 70/30 (10x9) Mme. Briot 20/80 (7x6) Julien Gerardin 20/80 (10x5) Mme. Casimir Perier 20/80 (lOx9) K.A. Timiryazev 10/90 (8x5) Mme. Charles Souchet 80/20 (4x4) Kate Harlin 01100 (9x6) Mme. De Miller 60/40 (9x6) Katherine Havemeyer 20/80 (lOx9) Mme. Felix 10/90 (8x5) Katherine Havemeyer 80/20 (9x7) Mme. Florent Stepman 01100 + + Kingsville 01100 + (9x6) (lOxlO) Koenigin Luise 01100 + (4x4) Mme. F. Morel 50/50 (8x6) Komsomolka 20/80 (9x6) Mme. Henri Guillaud 20/80 (6x6) Kosmos 70/30 (9x7) Mme. Lemoine 50/50 (9x7) Krasavitsa Moskvy 80/20 (lOx9) Mme. Moser 01100 (10x6) Kremlevskie Kuranty 01100 + (7x5) Monge 5/95 (9x7) Lady Linsay 0/100 + (8x5) Mons. Lepage 0/100 + (8x4) La Mauve 0/100 (9x8) Montaigne 80/20 (l1 x9) Languis 20/80 (9x6) Mont Blanc 10/90 (lOx7) Laplace 80/20 (lOx9) Monument 40/60 (8x6) La Tour D'auvergne 20/80 (9x5) Mount Domogled 01100+ +(6x5) Lavaliensis 01100 + (9x5) Mrs. Calvin Coolidge 10/90 (8x8) Lemoinei 10/90 (8x5) Mrs. Edward Harding 80/20 (9x6) Le Notre 40/60 (8x5) Mrs. Fannie W. Heath 50/50 (4x2) Leon Gambetta 80/20 (lOx8) Mrs. Harry Bickle 20/80 (lOxlO) Leon Mathieu 01100 + (8x8) Mrs. W.E. Marshall 10/90 (9x7) Leonid Leonov 0/100+ +(5x3) Mrs. Watson Webb 60/40 (9x6) Leonie Lambert 01100 + + (9x6) My Favorite 30170 (lOxlO) Leopold II 10/90 (8x6) Nadezhda 80/20 (8x7) Le Printemps 20/80 (9x5) Nana 01100 + + (5x4) Lilarosa 01100 (8x7) Nancy Frick 80/20 (8x7) Linne 10/90 (10x7) Negro 01100 + (8x6) L'Oncle Tom 01100 + (9x6) Night 70/30 (5x5) Louis Henry 15/85 (lOx7) Oakes Double White 10/90 (9x7) Lucelle 01100 + (8x7) Obelisque 90110 (6x4) Lucie Baltet 50/50 (8x6) Ogni Dombassa 80/20 (8x6) Macrostachya 10/90 (8x8) Olivier de Serres 80/20 (9x8) Marceau 20/80 (10x7) Ostankino 01100+ (6x5) Marc Micheli 50/50 (8x6) Ostrander 50/50 (10x6) Marechal De Bassompierre 30170 (8x5) Othello 01100 (7x5) Marechal Foch 10/90 (9x6) Pamiat S.M. Kirove 95/5 (6x4) Marechal Lannes 50/50 (9x7) Pasteur 01100 + (8x4) Marengo 50/50 (6x4) Patrick Henry 50/50 (9x8) Margot Grunwald 30170 (8x5) Paul Hariot 20/80 (8x6) Marie Finon 20/80 (9x6) Paul Thirion 70/30 (8x6) Marie Legraye 01100 (lOx8) Peerless Pink 01100 (11 x8) Marie Marcelin 70/30 (5x3) Perle yon Stuttgart 40/60 (10x6)

27 =

Pierre Joigneaux 10/90 (lOx8) Serene 01100+ + (IOx6) Pinkie 80/20 (8x7) Sholokhov 01100 + (5x4) Pink Mist 30170 (l2xI0) Silver King 01100 + (9x8) Planchon 50/50 (9x7) Sobra 30170 (8x7) Pol Robson 01100+ (6x4) Sorok Let Comsomola 30170 (6x4) Pom 20/80 (8x7) Souv. de Gaspard Callot 10/90 (6x4) President Carnot 70/30 (9x6) Souv. de L. Thibault 10/90 (7x4) President Fallieres 80/20 (8x6 Souv. de Mme. Edmond Kenis 10/90 President Grevy 30170 (IOx6) (9x6) President Harding 01100 (6x6) Souv. de Mme. Louis Gielis 50/50 (8x6) President John Adams 10/90 (4x4) Souv. de Simone 01100 (9x9) President Lebrun 10/90 (II x8) Stadtgartner Rothpletz 70/30 (lOx8) President Loubet 60/40 (9x6) Stefan Makowiecki 10/90 (6x4) President Massart 01100 (8x6) Sumierki 10/90 (8x5) President Monroe 20/80 (7x5) Susan B.Anthony 10/90 (7x7) President Poincare 60/40 (8x6) S.V. Lavrov 30170 (8x6) President Roosevelt 01100+ (9x5) Sweetheart 50/50 (8x6) President Viger 60/40 (9x8) Taglioni 40/60 (9x6) Primrose 01100 + (9x7) Taras Bulba 01100 (4x4) Prince de Beauvau 50/50 (7x6) Thomas A. Edison 01100 + (6x5) Prince Imperial 01100 + + (8x5) Thomas Jefferson 20/80 (9x7) Prince Notger 0/100 (5x5) Thunberg 50/50 (9x7) Prince of Wales 01100 + (7x7) Tournefort 30170 (9x9) Princess Alexandra 30170 (lOx6) Toussaint-I' Ouverture 01100 + + (9x7) Princess Camille De Rohan 01100 + (9x9) Triomphe de Moulins 20/80 (9x7) Princess Clementine 20/80 (IOx7) Turenne 01100 + (8x7) Prinzessin Klotilde 01100 + (9x5) Utro Moskvy 40/60 (8x5) Priscilla 80/20 (9x8) Valentina Grizodubova 01100 (6x5) Prodige 1110+ (IOx9) Valentina Grizodubova 40/60 (6x6) Prof. Sargent 10/90 (7x7) Van Aerschot 10/90 (8x8) Prof. Edmund Jankowsi 20/80 (8x5) Versaliensis 01100 + (7x7) Prof. E.H. Wilson 70/30 (9x7) Verschaffeltii 01100 (8x8) Prof. Hoser 20/80 (9x6) Vestale 01100 (9x7) Prof. Josef Brzezinski 70/30 (8x5) Vestale 20/80 (IOx9) Purpurea 01100 + (5x5) Victor Lemoine 70/30 (IOx8) Pyramidal 30170 (IOx8) Ville de Troyes 01100 + (5x4) Pyramidalis Alba 01100 + (9x8) Violet Glory 30170 (7x4) Quadricolor 01100 + (6x6) Violetta 10/90 (9x6) Reaumur 01100 (lOxIO) Virginia Becker 40/60 (9x7) Redbud 01100 + + (9x6) Virginite 01100 (8x7) Reine Elisabeth 01100+ (5x4) Vivian Evans 01100+ (IOx7) Reine Marguerite 50/50 (6x4) Viviand Morel 20/80 (9x7) Rene Jarry Oesloges 70/30 (IOx8) Volcan 10/90 (7x7) Renoncule 01100 (7x6) Voorzitter Oix 01100 + (6x4) Riet Bruidegom 10/90 (IOxIO) Waldeck-Rousseau 70/30 (6x4) Rochambeau 01100 (7x6) Weddle 20/80 (8x8) Rochester 80/20 (6x6) White Surprise 20/80 (7x5) Roi Albert 10/90 (8x7) White Swan 20/80 (7x5) Romance 80/20 (7x5) William C. Barry 'j 0/90 (I Ox8) Ronsard 50/50 (9x7) William Robinson 40/60 (6x6) Rosace 50/50 (IOx8) William S. Riley 01100 (6x6) Rouge de Trianon 20/80 (9x6) Woodland Blue 01100 + (lOxIO) Rubella Plena 01100 (IOx8) W.T. Lee 70/30 (8x8) Rubra Insign is 01100 (9x7) Znamia Lenina 30170 (8x4) Ruhm yon Horstenstein 01100 (8x6) Rustica 70/30 (6x5) Syringa X Hyacinthlflora Cultivars Saint Joan 70/30 (8x6) (0) = S. oblata dilatata X S. vulgaris Saint Margaret 80/20 (7x5) (G) = S. oblata giraldi X S. vulgaris Sarah Sands 01100 + (7 x6) Alice Eastwood (G) 01100 (II x8) Scipion Cochet 01100+ (6x5) Anabel (0) 60/40 (lOxIO) Sensation 01100 + (8x6) Assessippi (0) 01100 + + (IOx9)

28 20/80 (lOx5) Minnehaha (D) 0/100 + + (7x7) Berryer (G) 0/100 (lOx7) Blue Hyacinth (G) 0/100 + (11 x8) Mirabeau (G) Montesquieu (G) 30170 (lOx9) Bountiful (G) 10/90 (9x8) 0/100 + + (10xl0) Buffon (G) 10/90 (8x8) Necker (G) Nokomis (D) 0/100+ + (10xl0) Campsie (D) 0/100 + + (4x3) Norah (G) 10/90 (10xl0) Catinat (G) 70/30 (10x9) Pascal (G) 0/100+ (lOx7) Charles Nordine (D) 0/100 + (10x9) Patricia (G) 30170 (9x6) Clark's Giant 0/100 + (9x6) Peggy (G) 0/1 00 + + (8x6) Claude Bernard (G) 10/90 (11 x9) Pink Cloud (G) 80/20 (9x7) Daphne Pink (D) 0/100+ (lOx8) Pink Spray (G) 80/20 (9x7) Descartes (G) 0/100+ (9x6) Pocahontas (D) 0/100 (lOxl0) Doctor Chadwick 0/100 + (6x5) Purple Glory (G) 10/90 (8x6) Esther Staley (G) 30170 (9x9) Rowancroft Pink (G) 60/40 (lOx7) Evangeline (D) 0/100 + (10x8) Royal Purple (D) 10/90 (7x7) Excel (D) 0/100 + + (9x5) Sister Justina (D) 0/100 + (9xl0) Fantasy (G) 40/60 (9x5) Summer Skies (G) 0/100 (6x6) Gertrude Leslie (D) 0/100 (10x9) Sunset (G) 90/10 (8x8) Grace (G) 20/80 (10x9) Swarthmore (D) 80/20 (10x14) Hyacinthiflora Plena 0/100+ (6x5) The Bride (D) 0/100 + (9xl0) Kate Sessions 80/20 (5x4) Tom Taylor (D) 70/30 (10x7) Lamartine (G) 0/100+ (10x8) Turgot (G) 0/100+ + (lOxl0) Laurentian (D) 0/100 + + (9x 10) Villars (D) 0/100+ + (7x5) Louvois (G) 40/60 (7x5) White Hyacinth (G) 10/90 (8x8) Maureen (G) 30170 (12xl0)

29 Maximum and minimum daily temperatures as recorded at the R.B.G. Weather Station

Temperatures

April 1981 May 1981

Date Max. Min. Max. Min. Date Min. Max. Min. Celsius Farenheit Celsius Farenheit 1 19.3 4.0 66.7 39.2 1 12.2 3.8 54.0 38.8 2 16.2 5.0 61.2 41.0 2 12.9 4.6 55.2 40.3 3 23.2 6.8 73.8 44.2 3 12.8 1.8 55.0 35.2 4 24.2 14.8 75.6 58.6 4 13.9 2.5 57.0 36.5 5 6.6 2.0 43.9 35.6 5 20.2 6.5 68.4 43.7 6 9.5 -0.2 49.1 31.6 6 12.9 4.9 55.2 40.8 7 15.8 -0.6 60.4 30.9 7 14.3 3.7 57.7 38.7 8 22.1 8.1 71.8 46.6 8 17.1 2.4 62.8 36.3 9 15.6 10.2 60.1 50.4 9 17.3 5.8 63.1 42.4 10 19.2 5.5 66.6 41.9 10 12.8 8.7 55.0 47.7 11 20.2 10.5 68.4 50.9 11 15.3 7.4 59.5 45.3 12 5.2 3.1 4i.4 37.6 12 10.1 7.3 50.2 45.1 13 10.4 3.9 50.7 39.0 13 16.2 3.1 61.2 37.6 14 13.1 6.2 55.6 43.2 14 16.1 3.9 61.0 39.0 15 8.5 47.3 -0.9 30.4 15 11.8 7.5 53.3 45.5 61.7 31.8 16 16.5 -0.1 16 20.2 9.6 68.4 49.3 17 7.5 45.5 19.8 67.6 17 12.5 4.4 54.5 39.9 18 49.3 41.9 9.6 5.5 18 16.5 2.7 61.7 36.9 19 51.1 30.4 10.6 -0.9 19 18.8 2.8 65.8 37.0 -0.3 20 5.6 42.1 31.5 20 24.2 6.0 5.4 75.6 42.8 21 -3.8 41.7 25.2 21 28.1 11.1 1.0 82.6 52.0 22 6.3 43.3 33.8 22 26.2 14.1 79.2 57.4 23 6.5 2.9 43.7 37.2 23 25.2 8.5 77.4 47.3 24 8.1 4.6 46.6 40.3 24 25.1 10.9 77.2 5i.6 25 8.6 3.2 47.5 37.8 25 24.6 15.0 76.3 59.0 26 15.9 3.7 60.6 38.7 26 27.3 13.9 81.1 57.0 4.3 66.4 27 19.1 39.7 27 17.0 13.7 62.6 56.7 45.5 28 12.2 7.5 54.0 28 18.2 13.1 64.8 55.6 29 13.7 7.2 56.7 45.0 29 26.1 14.1 79.0 57.4 30 14.1 3.2 57.4 37.8 30 20.7 16.5 69.3 61.7 31 22.1 7.6 71.8 45.7

30 =

Indices Lilac Cultivars Charles Nordine (hyacinthiflora), 7: 49 Lists of lilac cultivars and species are Charles Sargent, 1: 28 found in the following citations: Suscep- Charles X, 5: 3 (as Charles the tenth) tibility to mildew, 5: 24-25; resistance to Cheyenne (oblate), 7: 49 leaf-roll necrosis and powdery mildew, 6: Christophe Colomb, 2(4) 7 39-47; resistance to bacterial blight, 6: Churchill (hyacinthiflora) 7: 3 52-57; Arthur Hoyt Scott collection, 7: Clarkes Giant (hyacinthiflora), 1: 28; 6: 21-23; Longwood Gardens collection, 7: 26 31-32; Highland Park collection, 7: 39- Claude Bernard (hyacinthiflora), 7: 49 49; twenty best at Katie Osborne collec- Coerulea Superba, 5: 14 tion, 8: 4; Holden Arboretum collection, Colmariensis, 7: 49 9: 7-8. Congo, 2(4): 13, 17; 8: 2 Coral (Prestoniae), 3: 23 Agincourt Beauty, 2(4): 4, 5; 3: 4, 17, 24 Clara, 7: 49 (as Agincourt Elegance); 5: 15, 18; 6: 26 Cora Lyden, 9: 27 Albert F. Holden, 9: 3, 8 Dancing Druid, 9: 3 Albert the Good, 6: 23, 24 Danton, 2(4): 5 Alexei Maresyev, 2(4): 17 Daphne Pink (hyacinthiflora) 7: 2 Aline Mocqueris, 5: 4 Dappled Dawn, 6: 26 Aloise, 9: 3 David Gilfillan, 9: 26 Alphonse Lavallee, 2(4): 13, 16, 17; 7: 49 Dawn (Prestoniae), 3: 23 Ambassadeur, 5: 14, 17 Decaisne, 2(4): 13, 16 (as Dekan) A.M. Brand, 8: 1 De Croncels, 5: 14, 18 Anabel ( hyacinthiflora ), 7: 49; 9: 27 Delepine, 3: 5 Andenken an Ludwig Spaeth, 2(4): 5, 13, DeMiribel, 5: 14, 17 17; 6: 15 Desdemona (Prestoniae), 3: 22 Anne Tighe 6: 13 Diana (reflexa x Wolfii), 3: 22 Archeveque, 5: 14 Dianah Abbott, 9: 27 Assessippi (hyacinthiflora), 3: 23 D. Nehru, 2(4): 17 Atheline Wilbur, 9: 3, 8 Donald Wyman (Prestoniae), 3: 23 Azurea Plena, 1: 20; 5: 14 Dr. Brethour, 3: 24 Bernard H. Slavin 4: 26 (as Barney Dr. Chadwick (hyacinthiflora) ,3: 23; 7; Slavin) 49 Belle de Nancy, 2(4): 13, 16, 18 Dr. John Rankin, 5: 17 Berryer (hyacinthiflora), 2(4): 13, 18 (as Dwight D. Eisenhower, 4: 26; 5: 17; 8: 4 Berie); 7: 49 Edith Braun, 5: 18 Bertha Child, 6: 15 Edith Cavell, 5: 17 Bicentennial, 6: 13 Edward J.Gardner, 6: 26; 8: 2 Bicolor (chinensis), 5: 16 Eleanor Berdeen, 7: 56 Big Blue (hyacinthiflora), 6: 17, 27 Elinor (prestoniae), 3: 22 Bishop McQuaid, 4: 26 Emile Lemoine, 2(4): 13 Bleuatre, 8: 1 Emery Mae Norweb, 9: 3, 8 Bluebird, 9: 3 Erzherzog Johann, 8:2 Blue Giant, 9: 3 Esther Staley (hyacinthiflora), 6: 26; 8: 4 Blue Hyacinth (hyacinthlflora), 7: 49 Ethel Child, 6: 15 Blue Porcelain, 9: 3 Ethel M. Webster (reflexa), 3: 22 Campsie (hyacinthiflora), 3: 24 Etna, 8: 2 Caroline Howland, 7: 36 Etoile de Mai, 8: 3 Catinat (hyacinthiflora), 7: 49 Fenelon (hyacinthiflora), 9:27 Bountiful (hyacinthiflora), 3: 1; 7: 49 Firmament, 3: 5; 5: 14; 7: 36 Boussingault, 7: 49 Flora, 5: 15, 17 Bright Centennial, 8: 1 Floreal (nanceiana), 6: 48 Brodyaga, 2(4): 17 Forty ( as 40) Let VLKSM, 2(4): 17 Buffon (hyacinthiflora), 2(4): k3, 16 Fountain (reflexa), 3: 22; 7: 34 Capitaine Baltet, 7: 36 Francisca (Prestoniae), 3: 22 Capitaine Perrault, 4: 26 Frank Paterson, 3: 24; 5: 15, 18; 6: 26; Carley, 5: 17 8:2 Carlton (reflexa x sweginzowii), 3: 22 Fuerst Buelow, 2(4): 17 Charles Joly, 2(4): 19; 8: 2 Galina Ulanova, 2(4): 16

31 Garden Peace, 9: 3 Lark Song, 5: 17 Geant des Batailles, 4: 20 Lee Jewett Walker, 9: 27 Gen. John Pershing, 7: 49 Leon Gambetta, 5: 14 George Eastman (Julianae), 9: 26 Leonid Leonov, 2(4): 12, 16 George Ellwanger, 4: 26 Lewis Maddox, 5: 17 (as Lewis Maddock) Gertrude Child, 6: 15 Linne, 1: 28 Gertrude Leslie (hyacinthiflora), 3: 23; 5: Little Miss Muffet, 6: 21; 7: 35; 9: 3 17 L'Oncie Tom, 1: 28; 5: 18 Gismonda, 7: 35 Lourene Wishart, 9: 3 Golubaya, 2(4): 16 Lucelle, 3: 24 Gortensia, 2(4): 16 Lucie Baltet, 1: 21; 2(4): 5; 4: 27; 5: 14, Grace (hyacinthiflora), 3: 22 17;8:4,9; 9:27 Grace McKenzie (oblata x persica), 3: 23 Lutece (Henryi), 1: 31; 5: 5 Guinevere (josiflexa), 3: 22 Macrostachya, 1: 21; 5: 14; 7: 35 Guizot, 7: 49 Maidens Blush, 3:23; 5: 15, 17; 6: 13; Hallelujah, 1: 15; 2(4): 5 8: 4 Handel (Prestoniae), 3: 23 Marchioness of Lome, 6:24 Heather, 5: 18 Marechal Foch, 5: 18 Heather Haze (hyacinthiflora), 6: 16, 27; Marie Legraye, 9: 28 (as Mme. Legraye) 7: 37 Marlyensis Pallida, 7: 49 Heavenly Blue ,3: 24; 6: 25 Marschal Zhukov, 2(4): 17 Hecle (Prestoniae), 3: 23 Mary A. Short, 9: 3 Hedin (villosa x sweginzowii), 3: 23 Maud Notcutt, 5: 15; 6: 13 Helen (Prestoniae), 3: 23 Maureen (hyacinthiflora), 3: 22 Helen Schoen, 3: 24 Maybelle Farnum (jostflexa), 7: 36 Hers Variety (Julianae), 4: 26; 5: 16 Mechta, 2(4): 8, 17 Hiawatha (Prestoniae), 3: 23 Melissa Oakes (oblata), 9: 27 Hosanna, 5: 17; 7: 35; 9: 3 Michel Buchner, 2(4): 13; 4: 23 Hyacinthiflora Plena, 7: 49 M.I. Kalinin, 2(4): 13, 17 India, 2(4): 17 Minnehaha (hycinthiflora), 3: 23 Isabella (Prestoniae), 3: 16, 18, 19, 21, Minuet (Prestoniae), 3: 23 22; 5; 16 Mirza Galib, 2(4): 17 I.V. Michurin, 2(4): 13, 16, 18 Miss Canada (prestoniae), 3: 23; 5: 17; Ivory Silk (reticulata), 3: 24 8:4 lzobilie, 2(4): 18 Miss Kim (patula), 1: 28; 4: 28; 5: 16; 8: 16 James Macfarlane (josiflexa), 4: 28 Mme. Antoine Buchner, 2(4): 16 Jessica (Prestoniae), 3: 22 Mme. Casimir Perrier, 2(4): 18; 4: 23 Jessie Gardner, 6: 26 Mme. Charles Souchet, 5: 14, 17 Jesse Hepler (josiflexa), 7: 36 Mme. F. Morel, 3: 10 Jewel (hyacinthiflora), 7: 49 Mme. Kreuter, 7: 49 John Dunbar, 4: 26 Mme. Lemoine, 1: 28; 2(4): 13, 18; 8: 4 Josee (Meyeri x microphylla x patula), Monge, 2(4): 13, 17 9:26 Montaigne, 1: 28 Jules Simon, 2(4): 13, 18 Montesquieu (hyacinthiflora), 7: 49 Kapitan Gastello, 2(4): 17 Moonlight, 5: 18 Kaete Haerlin, 2(4): 13, 18 (as Katurin Mother Louise, 9: 3 Herling) Mount Baker (hyacinthiflora), 3: 23 Kate Sessions (hyacinthiflora) 5: 17 Mount Blanc, 5: 18 Katherine Havemeyer, 6: 48 Mount Domogled, 8: 61·64 K.A. Timiryazev, 2(4): 13, 17 Mrs. A. Belmont, 5: 14, 17 Kim (Josikaea), 1: 31; 5: 16 Mrs. Edward Harding, 7: 35 Komsomoletz Dvadtzatikh qodov, 2(4): Mrs. Elizabeth Peterson, 5: 14 16 Mrs. Calvin Coolidge, 7: 49 Krassavitza Moskva, 2(4): 13, 16, 17, 18; Mrs. Harry Bickle, 3: 24; 8: 3 8:3 Mrs. R.L. Gardner, 6: 26 Kremlevskie Kuranty, 2(4): 17 Muriel (hyacinthiflora), 3: 22 Kurn-Burn, 9: 3 Nadezhda, 2(4): 18; 8: 4 Lady Lindsay, 5: 14, 17, 18 Nebo Moskvy, 2(4): 18 Lake Bled, 9: 26 Negro, 3: 22 Lamartine (hyacinthiflora), 3: 22; 6: 16, Nevesta, 2(4): 16 17; 9: 27 Nocturne (prestoniae), 1: 31; 3: 23; 5: 16

32 Norah (hyacinthiflora), 3: 22; 7: 49 Snezhinka, 2(4): 18 Ogni Moskvy, 2(4): cover, 17 Sobra, 5: 17 Olimpiada Kolesnikova, 2(4): 18 Sovietskaya Arktica, 2(4): 18 Old Lace (hyacinthiflora), 6: 17, 27 Spellbinder, 9: 3 Olive May Cumming, 9: 27 Splendor, 6: 26 Olivier de Serres, 5: 14 Springtime, 9:3 Orchid Beauty (chinensis), 1: cover St.Joan, 3: 24 Palibin (Meyeri), 7: 55, 57, 59; 8: 10, 16, St. Margaret, 3: 24 35·39 Strop key Variegated, 6: 26 Pamyato S.M. Kirove, 2(4): 13, 16, 18 Sumerki, 2(4): 13, 17 Pasteur, 2(4): 13, 17 Summer White (Henryi), 5: 16, 17,25; Paul Thirion, 8: 4 6: 16; 7: 36 Peggy (hyacinthiflora), 3: 22 Sunrise, 9: 3 Pinkie, 7: 49 Sunset (hyacinthiflora), 5: 14, 18; 6: 26; Pink Lace, 6: 16; 7: 37 8:4 Pink Spray, 6: 26 Superba (microphylla), 2(4): 3; 3: 23; 7: Pink Parasol, 9: 3 57,59 Pioner, 2(4): 17 Swarthmore (hyacinthiflora), 3: 23; 7: 23 Pocahontas (hyacinthiflora), 3: 23 Sweet Charity, 6: 16, 27 Porn Porn, 3: 24 (as "Porn"); 7: 37 Sweetheart, 2(4): 6; 6: 26 P.P. Kontchalovski, 2(4): 18 Tamara Kolesnikova, 2(4): 18 President Carnot, 1: 28 Tankist, 2(4): 16 President Lincoln, 7: 49 The Bride (hyacinthiflora), 3: 23; 7: 2 President Poincare, 2(4): 13, 18 Toussaint L'Ouverture, 5: 18 Primrose, 2(4): 6; 5: 15, 18; 6: 26; 8: 4, Turgot (hyacinthiflora), 1: cover; 9: 27 9; 9: 26·29 Ursula, (Prestoniae), 5: 16 Prince of Wales, 6: 23, 24; 7: 49 Vauban (hyacinthiflora), 7: 49 Princess Alexandra, 6: 23, 24 Vesuve, 1: 28; 2(4): 7 Princess Clementine, 2(4): 7 Victor Lemoine, 2(4): 18; 5: 14 Professor E.H. Wilson, 2(4): 2; 5: 17 Ville de Troyes, 5: 14 (as "Ville de Troy") Prophesy, 9: 3 Violacea, 7: 49 Purple Glory (hyacinthiflora), 3: 23; 6: 26 Violet Glory, 5: 15, 18; 6: 13 Purple Heart (hyacinthiflora), 6: 26 Virgilia (Prestoniae), 3: 22 Queen Victoria, 6: 24 White Hyacinth (hyacinthiflora), 5: 17 Raj Kapur, 2(4): 17 White Surprise, 3: 24 Reaumur, 2(4): 13, 17, 18 White Swan, 3: cover; 5: 18 Redbud, 3: 24 William C. Barry, 7: 34 Red Rothmagensis (chinensis), 1: 18 Woodland Blue, 3: 24 Redwine (Prestoniae), 3: 23 W.T. Lee, 3: 24 Rene Jarry Desloges, 6: 48; 7:36 W.T. Macoun (Prestoniae), 3: 22; 9: 15 Rochester, 1: 28, 37; 2(4): 9; 3: 1; 4: 26; Yellow Wonder, 9: 28·29 5: 15, 17, 18; 6: 13; 7: 49; 8: 3 Zarya Kommunima, 2(4): 12, 13, 17 Romance, 6:15 Znamya Lenina, 2(4): 17 Romeo (Prestoniae), 3: 22 Zukunft, 7: 49 Rosace, 5: 14; 6: 13 Zulu, 2(4): 6; 6: 15 Rowancroft Pink, 3: 24 Royal Purple (hyacinthiflora), 3: 23 Royalty (josiflexa), 1: 31; 3: 23; 7: 36 Rubella Plena, 7: 49 Russkaya Krasavitza, 2(4): 16 Rustica, 7: 35 Rutilant (nanceiana), 5: 16; 6: 48 Sarah Sands, 5: 14, 15, 18; 6: 13 Scholokhov, 2(4): 16 Sensation, 1: 27; 4: 27; 5: 15, 18; 6: 13; 8:3 Siebold, 2(4): 6 Sierra Snow, 6: 26 Sister Justina (hyacinthiflora), 3: 23; 6: 50 (as "Sister .Justena") Slaters Elegance, 2(4): 5; 3: 4, 24; 5: 15; 6:27; 8:3

33 Authors, Breeders, Commercialists, Devotees, Etc. Abbott, Mrs. John, 9: 13 Diels, Ludwig, 7: 63 Alexander, J. Herbert, 2(4): 3; 5: 15 Don, George, 8: 40 Alexander, John H., III, 7: 8·9; 8: 5·8, 37 Dougall, James, 3: 2; 6: 23-24 Alexander, Nancy, 6: 8-9 Dress, William J., 8: 58-59 Ambrose, John D., 7: 58 Dumont, Mme. (Troyes) 2(4): 5 Anderson, Edgar, 1(5): 31; 8: 61-63 Dvorak, Joseph,J~, 7: 56 Appleby, J.E., 4: 8-12 Earle, Alice Morse, 5: 2 Armstrong, Fred H., 6: 24 Eastman, George, 9: 26 Artzibashev, D.D., 2(4): 12 Eaton, Mark, 2(4): 5 Bailey, L.H., 1(5): 35; 8: 41 Egolf, Donald R., 1(5): cover; 5: 13; 6: 3, Bacon, Edmund, 5: 2 5, 12-14,50; 7: 62; 9; 3 Baker, S.H., 1(5): cover Eickhorst, Walter E., 3: 14; 4: 18-21; 5: Baltet, Charles, 2(4): 5 1,10-11; 6: 2-3; 7: 52-53; 9: 28 Bartram, John, 5: 3 Elliott, R.e., 8: 35 Bean, W.J., 7: 63; 8: 9 Emerson, Nancy, 5: 13; 9: 16 Berdeen, Ken, 2(4): 7; 7: 36; 9: 27 Emerson, William, 3: 4 Blackbourne, F.H., 5: 8 Erickson, i..c., 3: 14 Blacklock, Miss M.E., 3: 24; 6: 25 Evison, J.R.B., 8: 9 Blume, Karl Ludwig, 7: 53 Fenicchia, Richard A., 1(5): 37; 3: 1; 4: Bogdan, Elsie, 3: cover, 36; 5: 13 26-27; 5: 9,12-13,15-16; 7: 37-49 Bojarczuk, K., 8: 24-30 Ferguson, Sue, 9: 16 Brown, Dennis, 1(5): covers Fiala, John L., 1(5): 18, 21, 27-31, 38; Buckley, Arthur R., 7: 66 2(4): 3, 6, 19; 4: 7, 26; 5: 9-13, 14-18; 6: Bugala, Wladyslaw, 5: 15 18-21; 7: 35; 9: 2-3, 8, 21, 26 Burbank, Luther, 2(4): 12 Fiala, Pauline and Louis, 2(4): 7; 3: 2 Bureau, Edouard, 7: 66 Fletcher, Harold, 3: 7 Bylov, V.L., 8: 41 Flint, Harrison L., 8: 36 Cameron, D.F., 8: 42 Foerster, Misses E.W. and Frieda, 3: 39 Casas, Mrs. Alberto, 2(4): 11 Ford, J., 2(4): 2-3, 8; Castle, Miss Minerva, 1(5): 27;3: 24; 5: Ford, Patricia, 3: 1 15 Fordham, Alfred, 6: 17-18 Chaykowski, Marie, 3: 36, cover; 6: 6; 7: Forrest, George, 7: 62-63 12-13; 9: 16-17 Forster, Charles Thomas, 5: 8 Chieppo, Thomas, 6: 1-2 Forsythe, Robert, 6: 14; 7: 9 Child, Harold L., 6: 15 Frankland, Sir Henry, 5: 2 Clarke, Walter B., 2(4): 6; 3: 1; 5: 14 Franchet, Adrien, 7: 63, 66; 8: 59 Clark, Robert B., 1(5): cover, 15, 38; Franklin, Mabel, 2(4): 19; 3: 39 2(4): 6, 9,19; 3: 1; 4: 18,20; 5: 9; 6: 5; Gale, Rowena, 8: 31 7: 63; 8: 61-63; 9: 26 Gould, Charles J., 1(5): 22, 29; 6: 48-57 Clark, William S., 5:5 Grant, Alvan R., 1(5): 37; 4: 27; 5: 4-5, Cody, William J., 8: 45 11, 15 Collins, William H., 3: 14 Green, Peter S., 1(5): 15, 37; 7: 50-52, Collinson, Peter, 5: 3 54,56,58, 62, 67;8:9,31~4, 35~9 Councilman, William, 5: 19 Griffin, M.J., 8: 9 Cowan, J.M., 7: 63 Gromov, A., 1(5): 15; 2(4): 11-18 Cowgill, W.H., 8: 62 Halward, Ray E., 3: 13; 35-36 Crow, Garret E., 8: 45 Hancock, Leslie, 3: 24 Crowe, J.W., 3: 21 Hara, Hiroshi H., 7: 53 Crowell, I.H., 5: 21 Harbone, 3: 25 Cumming, William A., 1(5): cover, 15, Harding, Alice, 2(4): 5 25; 3: 2, 21-24; 6: 52, 65; 6: 23; 7: 52, Harkness, Bernard, 1(5): 15; 5: 3, 6-8; 9: 58, 65 1 Darlington, 1(5): 31; 6: 19 Havemeyer, Thoedore A., 1(5): 27; 2(4): Davis, M.B., 3: 22 5-6; 5: 3,14-15; 9: 13 de Busbecq, Ogier Ghislain, 5: 6-8 Heard, William H., 5: 13; 9: 16 Delpey, Alma e.. 8: 62 Henderson, D.M., 7: 58, 63 Dennis, L., 3(4): 3 Henry, Augustine H., 9: 13 de Wilde, Robert C, 4: 27 Henry, Louis, 5: 5 de Wolf, Gordon, 2(4): 2 Hepler, Jesse R., 7: 36

34 Hesse, Herm A., 7: 51; 8: 44 McLaren, 9: 15 Hibben, Craig R., 1(5): 22; 4: 6·7; 6: 35· McMahon, Bernard, 5: 2 47 McManus, Mrs. Jeffery, 9:8 Hillier, H.G., 7: 51; 8: 42, 51 Meader, E.M., 4: 28; 5: 15 Hilton, Robert J., 3: 1 Melrose, David, 1(5): 18 Hoag, Donald, G., 7: 58 Meyer, Frank N., 8: 36 Hodgdon, Philip, 4: 15 Meyer, Frederick G., 7: 51; 8: 51, 57 Hoepfi, Robert, 4: 27; 5: 13 Meyer, Friedrich, 8: 40·41,56 Hohman, Henry J., 2(4): 5 Miller, Philip, 7: 51, 53 Holetich, Charles D., 3: cover, 5, 13; 4: Minocha, s.c., 8: 12·19 20·21; 6: 28·35; 7: 14·15; 8: 1·4 Mitchurin, Ivan, 2(4): 12 Howard, Richard A., 2(4): 2·3; 8: 62; 9: Morel, Georges M., 9: 26 13·15 Nagibina, M.P., 2(4): 12 Hyypio, Peter A., 8: 61·64 Nakai, T., 1(5): 25; 7: 54, 62; 8: 35 Jacquin, Nicholas Joseph, 7: 66; 8: 41 Nash, George Valentine, 9: 13 Jefferson, Thomas, 5: 2 Niedz, Franklin, 1(5): cover Kelly, James W., 5: 11, 21; 8: 59 Nielsen, D.G., 3: 2,31·34 King, Mrs. Frances, 5: 3 Norweb, R. Henry, J~, 9: 23 Kingstone, Mrs. Julia, 3: 8 Notcutt, R.H., 8: 51 Kitchunov, N.J., 2(4): 12 Oakes, Walter W., 1(5): covers, 15; 3: 5; Klager, Hulda, 1(5): 27; 6: 48 5: 10; 6: 3·4; 7: 11·12; 9: 16,27 Knight, Charles L., 9: 4, 19, 22 O'Connor, Audrey H., 5: 2 Koch, Karl H.E., 1(5): 24; 7: 53 Osborne, Co\. Colin, 3: 8 Koehne, Emil, 7: 66; 8: 44 Palibin, Ivan Vladimirovitch, 7: 54; 8: 35 Koetz, Walter, 8: 61 Palmer, Ernest Jesse, 8: 43·44 Kolesnikov, Leonid Alekseevitch, 2(4): Paterson, Mrs. Frank, 3: 24 11·18 Patek, John M., 1(5): 32·37 Komarov, Vladimir Leontyevitch, 7: 56; Pennell,Mrs. Vera, 2(4): 11 8:35 Pesata, Pat and Mollie, 3: 14 Krieg, Mrs. Robert, 4: 23·25 Pike, Radcliffe (as Randolph), 1(5): 28; Kruessmann, Gerd, 4: 18; 7: 58, 62; 8: 2(4): 3, 10; 3: 4; 9: 6 37,41,59 Plum, Co\. William R., 4: cover, 22 Laking, Leslie, 3: 7·10,12 Presby, Frank T., 5: 3 Lammerts, Walter, 1(5): 21 Preston, Isabella, 1(5): 27; 3: 2, 21·22; 5: Lape, Fred, 1(5): 21; 5: 16, 25 3,15·16; 7: 66; 8: 41·43; 9: 15 L'Ecluse, Charles, 5: 8 Prince, William R., 5: 3 Lemoine, Victor, 1(5): 27; 2(4): 6; 4: 25· Pringle, James S., 3: 6, 12, 15·19, 24; 5: 26; 5: 3-4, 14 15; 6: 22; 7: 50·70; 8: 11, 40·50, 51·60 Lenz, L.M., 3: 2, 25·30 Ramsden, Mrs. Raymond, 6: 2 Leslie, W.R., 3: 23 Rankin, John, 2(4): 7; 9: 3 Lewis, Charles A., 4: 18 Reckamp, Brother Charles, 6: 19 Lewis, Clarence Kinsey, 7: 52 Rehder, Alfred, 1(5): 24; 3: 21; 7: 52·53; Lindley, John, 5: 14 8: 31, 40·41 Lingelsheim, Alexander, 7: 62, 66; 8: 44 Richards, Gary, 8: 70 Linnaeus, Carl, 7: 53; 8: 35 Richter, Regina, 2(4): 18 Longnecker, George William, 4: 16 Robinson, Anne, 3: 12, 14 Lumley, Albert E., 2(4): 3, 6, 19; 4: 17, Robinson, Edward G., 3: 24 21; 5: 8; 6: 1·2; 9: 26 Rogers, Owen M., 1(5): cover, 18,23·26; Maarse, G. Eveleens, 2(4): 6; 4: 27; 5: 2(4): 2, 3, 9, 11, 3: 2, 20, 37·39; 4: 13, 15; 9: 30 28; 5: 13, 15, 19·21; 6: 23; 7: 36, 56, Maatsch, Richard, 9: 28 58, 65; 8: 12, 36·37, 45, 62; 9: 4, 16 Macoun, W.T., 3: 22; 8: 42 Ronald, W.G., 3: 23 Margaretten, Joel, 3: 10; 9: 16 Ross, Henry A., 9: 3·4, 21 Margaretten, Tita, 5: 10, 13 Rothman, Alexander D., 2(4): 19 Martin, Winfried H., 9: 23 Rowe, Mrs. Stanley, 1(5): cover Matthioli, Peter Andrew, 5: 7 Royle, J.F., 8: 40 McGourty, Fred,J~,7:5 Ruprecht, Franz Josef, 7: 53 McKelvey, Susan Delano, 1(5): 24; 2(4): Sargent, Charles Sprague, 3: 23; 5: 3-4; 19; 3: 21·22; 5: 2; 6: 23; 7: 50·51, 54, 9: 14 56, 63; 8: 31, 35·36; 40·43, 54, 62; 9: Sauve, Dennis, 3: 3, 14, 36 14·15 Sax, Karl, 1(5): 26, 31: 8: 57

35 Schenker, Col. Hanssen, 8: 1; 9: 16 Tyznik, Anthony, 4: 19 Schenker, Sally, 9: 16 Upitis, Peter, 4: 29 Schloen, John, 3: 24 Upton, 2(4): 5; 6: 3 Schneider, Camillo K., 1(5): 24; 7: 50, Utley, Lois, 1(5): covers; 2(4): 5; 4: 27; 5: 56,62,63,66; 8: 35, 41; 9: 13, 15 9-10,12 Schoenweiss, D.F., 4: 3·7 Utley, William A., 1(5): cover; 2(4): 3, 5; Scott, Arthur Hoyt, 7: 20 4: 17,27; 5: 9-10; 6: 4; 7: 8-10; 9: 16 Seibert, Russell J., 1(5): 22; 7: 26·32 van Orden, Fred, 1(5): cover, 18; 8: 6 Sheridan Nurseries, Ltd., 3: 24 Vahl, Martin, 8: 56 Sherk, Larry c.. 7: 58 Vasil'ev, 7: 66 Short, Clare E., 1(5): cover, 18; 2(4): 5-7; Vekhov, N.K., 2(4): 14 3: 3; 9:3 Vittum, M.T., 1(5): 18; 8: 65-71 Schumacher, J., 7: 3-4 Vrugtman, Freek, 6: 14, 17, 23-27; 7: Simerly, Frank, 9: 26 35-37, 58, 67; 8: 45, 59; 9: 26-28 Sipp, Ruth, 5: 11 Wada, K., 8: 35 Skinner, Frank L., 1(5): 21; 3: 2, 21-23; Wadekamper, Julius, 2(4): 9 5: 3, 15; 7: 52-53, 58; 8; 36 Walker, Jerry, 4: 6-7 Skinner, Hugh W., 3: 24 Wallace, John A., 3: 24 Slater, Leonard, 2(4): 7; 3: 4, 17, 24; 5: Wallich, N., 8: 40 15 Washington, George, 5: 2 Slavin, Bernard H., 1(5): 38 Watts, May Theilgaard, 5: 2 Smith, H., 7: 66; 8: 51, 59 Weber, Claude, 1(5): 15,37 Smith, W.W., 7: 62 Weber, Peter, 7: 24-26 Spek, Jan, 9: 28 Wentworth, Gov. Benning, 5: 2 Spillane, J., 7: 1-2 Weston, Richard, 7: 51 Stafleu, F. A., 8: 40 Whatley, Thomas, 5: 2 Stearn, W.T., 8: 40 Wilder, A.T. and Mrs. A.T., 1(5): cover Stewart, Ellen, 1(5): cover, 18 Wilson, Ernest H., 3: 23; 5: 3; 9: 13-15 Stewart, John L., 5: 13 Wirth, Thomas E., 2(4): 3, 9 Stewart, Orville M., Jr., 1(5): cover, 15, Wishart, Lourene B., 1(5): covers 18 Wister, Gertrude S., 1(5): cover, 18 Stone, Betty, 9: 22 Wister, John c.. 1(5): 16, 18-22,38; 2(4): Stout, A.B., 6: 19 3, 19; 4: 18-19; 5: 3; 6: 7-8, 23, 49; 7: Swink, Floyd, 4: 7, 18; 7: 53 52,58; 8: 35-37, 63 Taylor, H., 1(5): 24, 31; 8: 57 Wood, Mrs. Jennifer, 7: 67 Thomas, Malcolm, 2(4): 11 Wood, K.W., 4: 16-17 Thoreau, Henry David, 5: 3 Wyman, Donald, 2(4): 2; 4: 18; 7: 58; 8: Tigerstedt, C. G., 8: 56 57, 59 Timiryazev, K., 2(4): 12 Yea, P.F., 8: 41 Tischler, 1(5): 31 Zhukavsky, P.M., 2(4): 14 Trexler, John, 7: 32-34 Zucker, Isabel, 4: 19; 5: 13; 7: 4-6; 9: 20 Tukey, Harold B., 1(5): 38; 3: 7

36 Subject Index

Arnold Arboretum tour, 2(4): 2 Index to ILS publications, 7: 70·75 Auction, lilac, 4: 27 Insects of lilacs, including control, 4: 8-12 Awards, 1(5): 16-17; 2(4): 1; 3: 11; 4: 1-2; John J. Tyler Arboretum, 7: 3-4, 24-26 6: 9-12; 8: 20-23; 9: 20-23 Katie Osborne Lilac Garden, 3: 3, 8-10 Blight, bacterial, 2(4): 20; 6: 48-57 Leaves, papillate, 8: 31-34 Borer, lilac 3: 31-34 Lilac, auction, 4: 18-21, 27; blight, 2(4): Breeders, lilac, Canadian, 3: 21-24; 20; in cultivation, 1(5): 19; diseases, 4: challenge to, 1(5): 20-22 3-7; Governor Wentworth, grower's re- Care, lilac, at University of Wisconsin, 4: port, 2(4): 19; grafting techniques, 8: 16-17 5·8; 2(4): 10; propagation, 3: 35-36; 8: Chemosystematics, 3: 25-30 24-30; registration, 4: 13·15; research, Colchicine treatment, 6: 18-21 1(5): 27·31; susceptibility to leaf-curl Collections, lilac:Arnold Arboretum, necrosis, mildew, 7: 37-49 1(5): 20; 4: 17; Brooklyn Botanical Gar- Lilacland, 2(4): 19; 6: 1 den, 4: 17; Delhi, New York Village, 4: Lilacia Park, 4: 22·25, cover 17; Ewing Park, 4: 17; England, 8: 9-11; Lilacs, as part of garden flora, 3: 7·10; at Falconskeape (Medina, OH), 4: 17; Grape Hill Farm, 4: 27; at Highland Grape Hill Farm, (Clyde, NY), 4: 17, 27 Park, 5: 4·5; chemosystematics, 3: 25· Highland Park, 1(5): 20; 4: 17; 5: 4-5; 30; Fenicchia F' hybrids, 4: 26; future, Lilacia Park, 4: 17; Lilacland (Amherst 1(5): 27-31; 5: 14·18; in America, 5: 2·3; MA), 4: 17;Michigan State University in England, 8: 9·11; in test tubes, 8: 12· Campus, 4: 17; Morton Arboretum, 4: 19; insects, 4: 8·12; mildew on, 5: 19· 17,18; Niagara Parks Commission, 4: 21; resistance to leafroll necrosis, 5: 22· 17; Ottawa (Dept. Agric, Exp. Farm), 25; 6: 35·47; 1(5): 20; Royal Botanical Gardens, 4: Longwood Gardens, 7: 4-6, 26·32 17; 8: 1-4; Rutgers Display Gardens, 4: Members, charter, 1(5): 39; founding, 17; Sonnenburg (Canandaigua, NY), 6: 1(5): 40, cover 4; Swarthmore, 4: 17; University of Neb- Mildew, powdery, 5: 19-21; 6: 35-47; raska, 4:17; University of New Hamp- 7: 37·49 shire, 4: 17; University of Wisconsin, 4: Milestones of lilac breeding, 5: 14·18 16; Woodstock, VT, village, 4: 17 Morphogenesis, 2(4): 13 Color, flower, 1(5): 27-28, 36-37; pod, Mutation, color, 9: 28 1(5): 29; standardization of, 1(5): 32-37 Necrosis, leaf-curl, 6: 35-47; 7: 37-49 Committee appointments, 7: 16-17; Niagara Park Commission, school of 9: 24-25 horticulture, 2(4): 4-5 Convention, first, 1(5): 15, 18; Second, Own- root lilacs, 2(4): 12·13 2(4): 2-3; third, 3: 1-5 Painter Arboretum, 7: 24-26 Cuttings, green, 8: 24-30 Patented lilacs, 6: 26·27; 9: 28·29 Delegates, photograph, 6: 58; lists: Patron for I.L.S., 5: 6-8 1(5): 39; 2(4): 4; 3: 40-41; 5: 26; 6: pH effects on color, 2(4): 15 58·59; 7: 18-19; 9: 25 Phenological network, 8: 65·71 Directors, Board of, 1(5): 14; 2(4): inside Phosphate, responses of lilacs to, 6: 28- cover; 4: inside cover; 5: inside cover; 35 7: 15 Polyploids, 5: 16·17; 6: 18·21 Diseases of lilacs, 4: 3-7 President's Message, 1(5): 15; 4: 25; 7: 7-8; Falconskeape, 9: 2-3 Propagation, 3: 35·36; 6: 17-18; 8: 24· Fertilizing, 2(4): 15, 19 30. See also Grafting, Lilacs in test Florescence, 2(4): 14 tubes Form in lilacs of future, 1(5): 28 Pruning, 2(4): 2-3 Future, lilacs of, 1(5): 27-31; 4: 26; 5: Registrants, 2(4): 4; 3: 40-41; 5: cover. 14-18 See also Convention delegates. Garden, demonstration, 9: 4-8 Registration, lilac, 4: 13-15; 7: 35·37 Gardner Nursery, 6: 2 Rejuvenating lilacs, 4: 18·21 Grafting techniques, 8: 5-8 Research, 1(5): 27·31; needed, 1(5): 19·22 Hamesbest Nursery, 4: 15 Resistance to disease, 1(5): 29-30 History of Lilacs in America, 5: 2-3 Responses, physiological, 1(5): 21 Hybridization, interspecific, 3: 15-19; Scott Horticultural Foundation, 7: 20·21 technique, 3: 37-39 Skylands Botanical Garden, 7: 32·34 Hybridizing, suggestions for, 5: 17-18 Source list of lilac plants, 6:3

37 Sport, bud, 9: 28 Tetraploids and polyploids, value of, Substance, color, 1(5): 27 6: 19 Suckering, 2(4): 14 Tissue culture, 8: 13-16 Swarthmore College, 7: 1-2, 20-23 Transplanting, at the Holden Arboretum, Syringa taxonomy and species, 1(5): 9: 3; to induce flowering 2(4): 15 23-26 Work of ILS., 1(5): 19 Test tubes, lilacs in, 8: 12-19 Year "One", 1(5): 40

Lilac Species and Hybrids

afghanica, 7: 50-52, 67 pinetorum, 1: 30; 7: 62-65, 67 amurensis, 1: 30-31; 5: 5; 6: 18,21. See pinnatifolia, 1: 31; 5: 16; 6: 18, 21 reticulata var. mandshurica; var. Potanini, 1: 30, 31; 5: 16; 6: 18 japonica 3: 24; 5: 5. See reticulate. Prestoniae, 1: 25, 26, 30, 31; 2(4): 2; 3; chinensis, 3: 22; 5: 4, 5; 7: 53-54, 67; 9: 15-17,21,22; 5: 15, 16; 6: 50; 9: 14, 15 27 pubescens, 1: 26, 31; 3: 23; 5: 4; 6: 18 emodi, 1: 31; 3: 15-18,5: 2,16; 6: 18; 8: reflexa, 1: 30, 31; 3:, 15, 16, 18,21,22; 31-32,40-41,48 5: 3,16; 6; 18,50; 8: 49; 9: 13-15 Henryi, 3: 15-19; 5: 5; 6: 50; 7: 36 reticulate, 1: 25, 28; 3: 24( as amurensis hyacinthiflora, 1: 25; 3: 22-24; 5: 4, 14; var. japonica); 5: 5, 16, 18; 6: 50; var. 6: 50; 7: 37, 49 mandshurica, 1: 30, 31; 5: 5; 6: 18,21; josiflexa, 3: 21, 23; 6; 50; 7: 36; 8: 41- 7: 34, 36( as amurensis ) 44, 49 rhodopea, 5: 16 Josikaea, 1: 31; 3: 15, 16, 21; 5: 4, 5, Skinneri, 3: 23 16,25; 6: 18,48,50; 8: 49 swegiflexa, 3: 16; 6: 50; 8: 44-45, 50 Julianae, 1: 25; 5: 3, 16; 8: 31, 33; 9: 26, sweginbretta, 3: 16 27 Sweginzowii, 1: 30, 31; 3: 15-17,22; 5: Komarowii, 1: 31; 3: 15; 5: 16,25; 6: 18, 3, 16; 6: 18,50; 8: 50 50 Tigerstedtii, 3: 5, 16; 8: 51-60 laciniata, 1: 21; 7: 50-52, 67 tomentella, 1: 31; 3: 15-17; 5: 3, 16; 6: Meyeri, 1: 23-25, 31; 6:· 18; 7: 54-62, 67; 18 8: 11,16; 9: 26, uralensis, 7: 65-67 microphylla, 1: 25, 28, 31; 6: 18,21,50; velutina, 1: 25, 28, 31; 3: 23; 5: 3; 6: 18, 8:36,37;9:26,27 50; 8: 35-36; 9: 26. See patula nanceiana, 3: 15; 6: 50 villose, 1: :31; 3: 15, 16,21-23,35; 5: 3- oblata, 1: 25, 31; 5: 4, 5, 14; 6: 18; 7: 5; 6: 18, 50; 9: 14, 15 49; var. dilatata, 1: 21, 22; 3: 23; 5: 16- vulgaris, 1; 21, 23, 25-28, 30, 31; 2(4): 7, 18; var. Giraldii, 3: 23; 5: 5,14,16-18; 7: 10, 19; 3: 22-24, 31; 5: 2-5, 14, 15; 19, 49;8:31,34;9:27 20-22; 6: 18,8, 19,35,50; 7: 34-38, 49, Palibiniana, 1: 25; 2(4): 2-3; 4: 28; 7: 54- 52-53, 67 ( as amurensis major ); 8: 9, 62, 67; 8: 35-37. See patula. 10,24,61-63,65; 9: 26-27 patula, 1: 25; 28, 31(as velutina); 2(4): 2, Wolfii, 1: 31; 3: 15, 17, 19; 5: 3,16,25; 3; 3: 23; 4: 28; 5: 3; 6: 18, 50; 7: 54-62, 6: 18; 8: 31, 33 67; 8: 16,35-37; 9: 26 yunnanensis, 1: 31; 3: 15-17; 5: 16; 6: pekinensis, 5: 5; 6: 48, 50 18; 7: 62-65, 67; 8: 31, 32 persica, 1: 31; 5: 2, 3, 5; 6: 18