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Hydrocarbon Prospectivity of the Cooper Basin, Australia

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Hydrocarbon Prospectivity of the Cooper Basin, Australia Hydrocarbon prospectivity of the AUTHORS Cooper Basin, Australia Lisa S. Hall ~ Geoscience Australia, Symonston, Australian Capital Territory, Australia; [email protected] Lisa S. Hall, Tehani J. Palu, Andrew P. Murray, Lisa Hall is a senior research scientist at Christopher J. Boreham, Dianne S. Edwards, Geoscience Australia. She holds an M.Sc. in Anthony J. Hill, and Alison Troup geology and geophysics from Cambridge University and a D.Phil. in structural geology and neotectonics from Oxford University. Her current research is focused on hydrocarbon ABSTRACT prospectivity assessments and petroleum The Pennsylvanian–Middle Triassic Cooper Basin is Australia’s systems analysis in a variety of Australian premier conventional onshore hydrocarbon-producing prov- basins. ince. The basin also hosts a range of unconventional gas play Tehani J. Palu ~ Geoscience Australia, types, including basin-centered gas and tight gas accumula- Symonston, Australian Capital Territory, tions, deep dry coal gas associated with the Patchawarra and Australia; [email protected] Toolachee Formations, and the Murteree and Roseneath shale Tehani Palu is a geoscientist at Geoscience gas plays. Australia. She holds an M.Sc. from the This study used petroleum systems analysis to investigate University of Waikato. She has been involved the maturity and generation potential of 10 Permian source with various projects including greenhouse rocks in the Cooper Basin. A deterministic petroleum systems gas monitoring for carbon capture, and model was used to quantify the volume of expelled and retained storage and petroleum acreage release. Tehani has been in her current role since hydrocarbons, estimated at 1272 billion BOE (512 billion bbl 2013 which sees her undertaking petroleum and 760 billion BOE) and 977 billion BOE (362 billion bbl systems analysis within Australian basins. and 615 billion BOE), respectively. Monte Carlo simulations were used to quantify the uncertainty in volumes generated and Andrew P. Murray ~ Murray Partners to demonstrate the sensitivity of these results to variations in PPSA Pty. Ltd., Perth, Western Australia, source-rock characteristics. Australia; [email protected] The large total generation potential of the Cooper Basin and Andrew Murray was principal advisor on the broad distribution of the Permian source kitchen highlight petroleum systems at Woodside Energy Ltd., ’ the basin’s significance as a world-class hydrocarbon province. Australia s largest integrated E&P company. In early 2014, he retired from full-time work at The large disparity between the calculated volume of hydrocar- Woodside and started Murray Partners PPSA bons generated and the volume so far found in reservoirs indi- to offer training and support to exploration cates the potential for large volumes to remain within the basin, geoscientists. Andrew holds M.Sc. and Ph.D. despite significant losses from leakage and water washing. The degrees in petroleum geochemistry and has hydrocarbons expelled have provided abundant charge to both 24 years of experience spread across most conventional accumulations and to the tight and basin-centered regions of the world, across government, gas plays, and the broad spatial distribution of hydrocarbons re- academia, and industry, and across the basin maining within the source rocks, especially those within the modeling, geochemistry, and reservoir engineering disciplines. Toolachee and Patchawarra Formations, suggests the potential for widespread shale and deep dry coal plays. Christopher J. Boreham ~ Geoscience Australia, Symonston, Australian Capital Territory, Australia; [email protected] Chris Boreham is a senior research scientist at Copyright ©2019. The American Association of Petroleum Geologists. All rights reserved. Gold Open Geoscience Australia. He holds a Ph.D. in Access. This paper is published under the terms of the CC-BY license. inorganic chemistry from the Australian Manuscript received June 6, 2017; provisional acceptance August 23, 2017; revised manuscript received National University. He is an internationally January 29, 2018; revised manuscript provisional acceptance March 29, 2018; 2nd revised manuscript received April 8, 2018; final acceptance May 11, 2018. recognized petroleum geochemist with more DOI:10.1306/05111817249 AAPG Bulletin, v. 103, no. 1 (January 2019), pp. 31–63 31 Downloaded from http://pubs.geoscienceworld.org/aapgbull/article-pdf/103/1/31/4592755/bltn17249.pdf by guest on 26 September 2021 than three decades of experience in the INTRODUCTION application of organic geochemistry to the evolution of oil and gas in sedimentary basins. The Pennsylvanian–Middle Triassic Cooper Basin is located in Dianne S. Edwards ~ Geoscience northeastern South Australia and southwestern Queensland. It is ’ Australia, Symonston, Australian Capital Australia s premier onshore hydrocarbon-producing province and Territory, Australia; dianne.edwards@ supplies large volumes of gas to the eastern Australian gas market. ga.gov.au As of December 2014, the total identified resources (remaining Dianne Edwards is a senior research scientist at identified and produced) in the Cooper and Eromanga Basins Geoscience Australia. Dianne holds a B.Sc. in included 447 million bbl (71 GL) of oil, 160 million bbl of geology, and an M.Sc. in organic petrology and condensate (25 GL), 220 million bbl (36 GL) of liquefied pe- organic geochemistry from the University of troleum gas, and 10.2 tcf (0.29 Tm3) of gas (Australian Energy Newcastle-upon-Tyne, United Kingdom. She Resources Assessment, 2017). The basin also hosts a range of was awarded her Ph.D. from the University of unconventional gas play types within the Permian Gidgealpa Adelaide. Her scientific focus is on defining the Group, including basin-centered and tight gas accumulations petroleum systems of Australia’s petroliferous basins, including both conventional and within the Patchawarra, Toolachee, Epsilon, and Daralingie For- unconventional play types. mations, deep dry coal gas associated with the Patchawarra and Toolachee Formations, the Murteree and Roseneath shale gas Anthony J. Hill ~ Department of the plays, and coal seam gas from the Patchawarra Formation in the Premier and Cabinet, Adelaide, South Weena trough (Goldstein et al., 2012; Geoscience Australia, Australia, Australia; [email protected] 2017a; Dunlop et al., 2017). The principal source rocks for both Tony Hill is a principal geologist in the Energy conventional and unconventional accumulations are the Permian Resources Division of the Department of the coals, coaly shales, and shales of the Gidgealpa Group (Boreham Premier and Cabinet, South Australia. He and Hill, 1998; Deighton et al., 2003; Hall et al., 2016a). graduated with a B.Sc. in applied geology from the Royal Melbourne Institute of Technology Although the Cooper Basin is a mature exploration province, in 1980. He has more than 30 years of the ultimate potential of the basin and the remaining undiscovered experience in petroleum system analysis, and hydrocarbons present are still poorly defined. In addition, most hasalsoworkedinthefields of hydrogeology of the new production from unconventional petroleum systems and geothermal energy. is underpinned by a data set generated from exploitation of the Alison Troup ~ Department of Natural corresponding conventional systems. To address these issues and Resources and Mines, Geological Survey of to highlight any overlooked exploration opportunities, a regional Queensland, Brisbane, Queensland, study of the petroleum system was required to better understand Australia; [email protected] the total volume of hydrocarbons generated from each source Alison Troup is a geoscientist at the Geological rock, the volumes of migrated hydrocarbons, and the volume Survey of Queensland. She graduated from remaining in or near the source beds for potential stimulated The University of Queensland with a B.Sc. production. (Hons) in geology in 2009. She is currently This study used petroleum systems analysis (PSA) to quantify involved in the assessment of conventional and the spatial distribution and petroleum generation potential unconventional resources in Queensland. of Permian source rocks across the Cooper Basin. A three- dimensional (3-D) basin model, characterizing the regional basin ACKNOWLEDGMENTS architecture (Hall et al., 2015), was used to provide the framework The authors would like to thank Erik Dunlop, for a pseudo-3-D petroleum systems model (Hall and Palu, 2016). Emanuelle Frery, and Zhiyong He for their Source-rock characteristics (distribution, amount, and quality) constructive reviews of this manuscript, were assigned to the model based on an extensive review of well, Santos Ltd. for its assistance in compiling the wire-line log, and source-rock geochemical data (Hall et al., fluid property data, Zhiyong He for his 2016a). Petroleum systems modeling results, incorporating the assistance with software licensing, and recently published source-specific kinetics of Mahlstedt Tamara Buckler for helping to compile the et al. (2015), highlight the variability in burial, thermal, and geochemistry data. Jennie Totterdell and hydrocarbon generation histories for each source rock across the Bridgette Lewis also provided valuable basin (Hall et al., 2015, 2016c). Migration, fluid properties, and 32 Hydrocarbon Prospectivity of the Cooper Basin, Australia Downloaded from http://pubs.geoscienceworld.org/aapgbull/article-pdf/103/1/31/4592755/bltn17249.pdf by guest on 26 September 2021 geochemical
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