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Title Page Title Page AfSol Journal Journal of African-Centered Solutions in Peace and Security Vol. 1 (1) August 2016 Copyright © 2016 Institute for Peace and Security Studies, Addis Ababa University Printed in Ethiopia All rights reserved. No part of this publication may be reproduced or transmitted, in any form or by any means, electronic or mechanical including photocopy, recording or inclusion in any information storage and retrieval system, without the prior written permission of the Institute for Peace and Security Studies. The views expressed in this journal are those of the authors. They do not necessarily reflect the views of the Institute. ISSN 2518-8135 Journal of African-Centred solutions in peace and security J. Afr.-centred solut. peace secur. AfSol journal AfSol Journal Volume 1, Issue 1 i About the Journal The Journal of African-Centred solutions in peace and security (AfSol Journal) is one of the research products of the Institute for Peace and Security Studies (IPSS) which serves as a platform for critical debate and solutions on African peace and security challenges. It aims at meeting peace and security as an intellectual challenge and avails theoretical and practical knowledge to academia and policy makers. AfSol Journal would like to draw this knowledge from newly-emerging practices and from past experiences to be found hidden in oral verses and practices of Africans, written in academic publications, daily periodicals, and policy documents. It is embedded in what Africa has achieved in the past and in what it could have done better; it is entrenched in its history, its traditions, values and its people. Our vision is to bring this knowledge together, publish papers with high academic standards, yet presentable to policy makers and to everyone devoted for a peaceful and prosperous Africa. Editor-in-Chief Associate Editors Professor Amr Abdalla Mesfin Gebremichael Sunday Okello Editorial Board Yonas Adeto Anouar Boukhars Assistant Editor Charles Ukeje Mercy Fekadu Mulugeta David Francis Review Editors Gilad Ben-nun Dawit Yohannes Giselle Huamani Ober Dereje Seyoum Habtamu Wondimu Fana Gebresenbet Kwaku Asante Darko Yonas Tariku Mary King Zeynya Shikur Mbaya J. Kankwenda Editorial Assistant Samba Buri Mboup Elshaddai Mesfin Swaran Singh Kidane Kiros Michelle Ntab ii Editorial Policies A. Disclaimer: The views expressed in the AfSol Journal are those of the authors. They do not necessarily reflect what the Journal/ IPSS stand for. B. Open Access Policy: All articles published by AfSol Journal are made available under an open access license. Everyone has free and unlimited access to the full- text of all articles published in the Journal. All articles published by the Journal can be cited in other publications free of charge under the sole condition of proper accreditation of the author and original Publisher. C. Copyright agreement: Authors who publish with this Journal agree to the fol- lowing terms: • Authors grant exclusive copyright to the Journal for the publication of the ar- ticle in print and online. • Authors who would like to publish their work in additional places should wait at least three years after the date of publication and communicate their intentions to the AfSol Journal. Upon which they will be able to enter into an additional arrangement for the non-exclusive distribution of the article with an acknowledgement of its initial publication in this Journal if the Journal val- idates their request in writing. • Authors grant the Journal commercial rights to produce hardcopy and elec- tronic volumes of the Journal for commercial purposes. This copyright agreement is subject to Ethiopian copyright Law. In the event that the parties to this agreement, either individually or collectively, are, held responsible for damages or the costs of a legal process due to the content or promotion of the article, the authors agree to release the publisher from the claims of any third party and to compensate the publisher for any resulting legal costs. AfSol Journal Volume 1, Issue 1 iii Table of Contents Editor’s Note......................................................................................................................v Regional Intervention in Fragile African States: Comparative Case Studies of South Sudan and Lesotho: Any Lessons Learnt? By Martin Rupia........................................1 A Case for African-promoted Peacebuilding Strategies with Specific Reference to AMISOM, the Juba Peace Process and IGAD’s interventions in South Sudan By Jacqueline Nakaiza...........................................................................................................27 L’engagement des états Africains en Matière de Sécurité en Afrique Centrale: Contraintes et enjeux de la coopération UA-CEEAC By Alphonse Zozime Tamekamta.......................................................................................................................45 Economic Integration as a Peacebuilding Strategy in the Horn of Africa with Particular Focus on Ethiopia and Its Four Neighbours By Mulugeta Gebrehiwot Berhe.................................................................................................................................63 AMISOM and African-Centred Solutions to Peace and Security Challenges By Sabastiano Rwenbo..........................................................................................................91 Ownership at Grassroots Level to Support Regional Commitments: The Case of IGAD and the South Sudan Conflict Natukunda By Rhoda Nkubah.....................139 Responsibility to Protect in Kenyan and Darfur Crises: A Critical Deconstruction of the Ideology of AfSol in the Lens of R2P, Normative International Relations Theory, and the Jetliners-Rigs Approach for Peacebuilding and Conflict Resolution By Peter Karari..............................................................................................................................161 vi AfSol Journal Volume 1, Issue 1 v Editor’s Note Reflecting the interest among scholars and practitioners of peace and security in Africa, this Journal of African-centred Solutions in Peace and Security (Afsol Journal) sets a foundation for the on-going investigation and research on how Africa can develop its peaceful responses to peace and security challenges. Born out of a series of workshops since 2011, the Institute for Peace and Security Studies (IPSS) has been leading this effort with a clear understanding that a successful pursuit of the concept and practice of Afsol requires the development of a world- class mechanism for the continuous scholarship, synthesis and application of Afsol to address peace and security challenges and issues. In establishing this journal, IPSS has committed to the highest standards of academic and scholarly rigor and review processes. With an international board of scholars and practitioners in the field of peace and security from Africa and the rest of the world, and with a systemic process of peer review and editorial support, IPSS is striving to make the Afsol Journal a scholarly anchor in the field of peace and security in Africa. As the scholarly development of Afsol is still at its infancy, a regular periodical such as this journal is intended to continuously synthesize and develop concepts and practices with the aim of ensuring the sustainability and replicability of successful African solutions. The journal is therefore scheduled for publication semi-annually. Contributions from scholars, practitioners and students of peace and security in Africa will be pursued and encouraged. IPSS hopes that the journal will offer valuable knowledge and guidance to all involved in peace and security on the continent. IPSS is grateful to all the contributors to its first volume of the Afsol Journal. Their commitment, valuable insights and rigorous pursuit of knowledge have made this first volume a success. Congratulations to Africa, IPSS and all those who have committed their work and scholarship to the advancement of peace and security in Africa. Amr Abdalla Senior Advisor on Policy Analysis & Research Institute for Peace and Security Studies AfSol Journal Volume 1, Issue 1 1 Regional Intervention in Fragile African States: Comparative Case Studies of South Sudan and Lesotho: Any Lessons Learnt? Martin Rupia1* Abstract African conflicts have continued to be protracted and unresponsive, frustrating conventional interventions. Consequently, the concept of African Solutions for African-Centred Solutions (AfSol) has increasingly become the default alternative. To this end, politico-military crises in South Sudan and Lesotho in 2014 and the interventions by IGAD and SADC respectively, have shown remarkable similarities. South Sudan, saddled with an unclear leadership succession as the country approached the scheduled 2015 national election, the Sudan People’s Liberation Movement (SPLM) National Liberation Council convention of December 2013 became a battleground that dragged the country into civil war. Curiously, the same happened in Lesotho when the country was faced with a vote-of-no-confidence in June 2014 and Prime Minister Thomas Thabane dismissed key government officials, prorogued the parliament and removed the Army Commander plunging the country into civil war. When each of the fragile states reached this stage, the sub-regional economic and security organisations (RECs) of IGAD and SADC, respectively, intervened. This paper assesses the implications and impact of those interventions, under the rubric
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