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Back Grou Di Formatio O the Co Servatio Status of Bubi Ga Ad We Ge Tree
BACK GROUD IFORMATIO O THE COSERVATIO STATUS OF BUBIGA AD WEGE TREE SPECIES I AFRICA COUTRIES Report prepared for the International Tropical Timber Organization (ITTO). by Dr Jean Lagarde BETTI, ITTO - CITES Project Africa Regional Coordinator, University of Douala, Cameroon Tel: 00 237 77 30 32 72 [email protected] June 2012 1 TABLE OF COTET TABLE OF CONTENT......................................................................................................... 2 ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS................................................................................................... 4 ABREVIATIONS ................................................................................................................. 5 ABSTRACT.......................................................................................................................... 6 0. INTRODUCTION ........................................................................................................10 I. MATERIAL AND METHOD...........................................................................................11 1.1. Study area..................................................................................................................11 1.2. Method ......................................................................................................................12 II. BIOLOGICAL DATA .....................................................................................................14 2.1. Distribution of Bubinga and Wengé species in Africa.................................................14 -
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CHARACTERISTICS OF TEN TROPICAL HARDWOODS FROM CERTIFIED FORESTS IN BOLIVIA PART I WEATHERING CHARACTERISTICS AND DIMENSIONAL CHANGE R. Sam Williams Supervisory Research Chemist Regis Miller Botanist and John Gangstad Technician USDA Forest Service Forest Products Laboratory1 Madison, WI 53705-2398 (Received July 2000) ABSTRACT Ten tropical hardwoods from Bolivia were evaluated for weathering performance (erosion rate, dimensional stability, warping, surface checking, and splitting). The wood species were Amburana crarensis (roble), Anudenanthera macrocarpa (curupau), Aspidosperma cylindrocarpon Cjichituriqui), Astronium urundeuva (cuchi), Caesalpinia cf. pluviosa (momoqui), Diplotropis purpurea (sucupira), Guihourriu chodatiuna (sirari), Phyllostylon rhamnoides (cuta), Schinopsis cf. quebracho-colorudo (soto), and Tabeb~liuspp. (lapacho group) (tajibo or ipe). Eucalyptus marginatu Cjarrah) from Australia and Tectonu grandis (teak), both naturally grown from Burma and plantation-grown from Central America, were included in the study for comparison. The dimensional change for the species from Bolivia, commensurate with a change in relative humidity (RH) from 30% to 90%, varied from about 1.6% and 2.0% (radial and tangential directions) for Arnburunu cer~ren.risto 2.2% and 4.1% (radial and tangential) for Anadenanthera macrocarpu. The dimensional change for teak was 1.3% and 2.5% (radial and tangential) for the same change in relative humidity. None of the Bolivian species was completely free of warp or surface checks; however, Anadenanthera macrocarpu, Aspidosperma cy- lindrocurpon, and Schinopsis cf. quebracho-colorado performed almost as well as teak. The erosion rate of several of the wood species was considerably slower than that of teak, and there was little correlation between wood density and erosion rate. Part 2 of this report will include information on the decay resistance (natural durability) of these species. -
CITES Appendix II
PC20 Inf. 7 Annex 9 INTRODUCTION TO CITES AND AGARWOOD OVERVIEW Asian Regional Workshop on Agarwood; 22-24 November 2011 By Milena Sosa Schmidt, CITES Secretariat: [email protected] A bit of history Several genera from the family Thymeleaceae are agarwood producing taxa. These are: Aquilaria, Enkleia, Aetoxylon, Gonystylus, Wikstroemia, Gyrinops. They produce different qualities of agarwood from which Aquilaria seems to be the best (see Indonesia report of 2003). From these six genera we have currently three listed on CITES Appendix II. The history of these listings is as follows: THYMELAEACEAE (AQUILARIACEAE) (E) Agarwood, ramin; (S) Madera de Agar, ramin; (F) Bois d'Agar, ramin Aquilaria spp. II 12/01/05 #1CoP13 II/r AE 12/01/05 Excludes Aquilaria malaccensis. Excluye Aquilaria malaccensis. Exclus Aquilaria malaccensis. II/r KW 12/01/05 Excludes Aquilaria malaccensis. Excluye Aquilaria malaccensis. Exclus Aquilaria malaccensis. II/r QA 12/01/05 Excludes Aquilaria malaccensis. Excluye Aquilaria malaccensis. Exclus Aquilaria malaccensis. II/r SY 12/01/05 Excludes Aquilaria malaccensis. Excluye Aquilaria malaccensis. Exclus Aquilaria malaccensis. II 13/09/07 #1CoP14 II 23/06/10 #4CoP15 Aquilaria malaccensis II 16/02/95 #1CoP9 II 12/01/05 Included in Aquilaria spp. Incluida en Aquilaria spp. Inclus dans Aquilaria spp. Gonystylus spp. III ID 06/08/01 #1CoP11 III/r MY 17/08/01 II 12/01/05 #1CoP13 II/r MY 12/01/05 II/w MY 07/06/05 II 13/09/07 #1CoP14 II 23/06/10 #4CoP15 Gyrinops spp. II 12/01/05 #1CoP13 II/r AE 12/01/05 II/r KW 12/01/05 II/r QA 12/01/05 II/r SY 12/01/05 II 13/09/07 #1CoP14 II 23/06/10 #4CoP15 The current annotation for these taxa is #4 and reads: All parts and derivatives, except: 1 PC20 Inf. -
African Mahogany Anegre Birdseye Maple Black Walnut
African Mahogany African Mahogany (Khaya) is a genus of seven species of trees in the mahogany family Meliaceae, native to tropical Africa and Madagascar. All species become big trees 30-35 m tall, rarely 45 m, with a trunk over 1 m trunk diameter, often buttressed at the base. The leaves are pinnate, with 4-6 pairs of leaflets, the terminal leaflet absent; each leaflet is 10-15 cm long abruptly rounded toward the apex but often with an acuminate tip. The leaves can be either deciduous or evergreen depending on the species. The flowers are produced in loose inflorescences, each flower small, with four or five yellowish petals and ten stamens. The timber of Khaya is called African mahogany, the only timber widely accepted as mahogany besides that of the true mahogany, of the genus Swietenia. Khaya senegalensis, also known as the African dry zone mahogany is also used for its non timber parts. In West Africa, Fulani herdsmen prune the tree during the dry season to feed cattle. Anegre Anegre is milled from the Tawa tree (Beilschmiedia tawa) is a New Zealand broadleaf tree common in the central parts of the country. Tawa is often the dominant canopy species in lowland forests in the North Island and north east of the South Island, Individual specimens may grow up to 30 meters or more in height with trunks up to 1.2 meters in diameter, and they have smooth dark bark. The word "tawa" is the Maori name for the tree. One of the few hardwood trees in the country with good timber, the wood of this tree can be used for attractive and resilient floor boarding. -
Seasoning and Handling of Ramin1
U. S. DEPARTMENT OF AGRICULTURE FOREST SERVICE FOREST PRODUCTS LABORATORY MADISON,WIS. In Cooperation with the University of Wisconsin U. S. FOREST SERVICE RESEARCH NOTE FPL- 0172 SEPTEMBER 1967 SEASONING AND HANDLING OF RAMIN1 By JOHN M. McMILLEN, Technologist Forest Products Laboratory, Forest Service U.S. Department of Agriculture Abstract One of the imported woods that is finding increasing use for specific purposes is ramin (Gonystylus spp.). It originates in the Southwest Pacific and has seasoning properties somewhat like oak. Many importers, custom dryers, and users are not aware of the special seasoning and handling requirements of this wood. As a result, some firms have experienced heavy losses. This note brings together suggestions that should greatly reduce or eliminate these losses. Ramin--Production and Properties Ramin (pronounced ray-min) is the common name used in the United States for wood from Gonystylus spp., principally G. bancanus growing in Sarawak, Malaysia. Another common name used in Malaya is melawis. The trees grow 1 Partly based on information from experienced importers, custom dryers, and users of ramin. in fresh water swamp forests and have straight, clean boles averaging 60 feet long and 2 feet in diameter near the base. Principal sources are the river valleys of Sarawak and the west coast of Malaya. In the Philippines, G. macrophyllus is common in the primary forests. An undetermined species is fairly comon in the Solomon Islands, Ramin is an attractive, high-class utility hardwood having about the same weight as sycamore or paper birch. Both the sapwood and the heartwood are white to pale straw in color. -
OVENGKOL.Pdf
OVENGKOL Page 1of 4 Family: FABACEAE-CAESALPINIOIDEAE (angiosperm) Scientific name(s): Guibourtia ehie Commercial restriction: no commercial restriction WOOD DESCRIPTION LOG DESCRIPTION Color: yellow brown Diameter: from 60 to 75 cm Sapwood: clearly demarcated Thickness of sapwood: from 4 to 7 cm Texture: fine Floats: no Grain: interlocked Log durability: good Interlocked grain: slight Note: Wood yellow brown to dark brown, with grey to blackish veins and copper glints. Moiré aspect on quartersawn. White deposits. PHYSICAL PROPERTIES MECHANICAL AND ACOUSTIC PROPERTIES Physical and mechanical properties are based on mature heartwood specimens. These properties can vary greatly depending on origin and growth conditions. Mean Std dev. Mean Std dev. Specific gravity *: 0,82 0,05 Crushing strength *: 69 MPa 9 MPa Monnin hardness *: 7,5 2,3 Static bending strength *: 127 MPa 16 MPa Coeff. of volumetric shrinkage: 0,57 % 0,12 % Modulus of elasticity *: 21470 MPa 2781 MPa Total tangential shrinkage (TS): 8,0 % 1,2 % Total radial shrinkage (RS): 3,9 % 0,7 % (*: at 12% moisture content, with 1 MPa = 1 N/mm²) TS/RS ratio: 2,1 Fiber saturation point: 24 % Musical quality factor: 109,8 measured at 2875 Hz Stability: moderately stable NATURAL DURABILITY AND TREATABILITY Fungi and termite resistance refers to end-uses under temperate climate. Except for special comments on sapwood, natural durability is based on mature heartwood. Sapwood must always be considered as non-durable against wood degrading agents. E.N. = Euro Norm Funghi (according to E.N. standards): class 2 - durable Dry wood borers: durable - sapwood demarcated (risk limited to sapwood) Termites (according to E.N. -
Rosewood) to CITES Appendix II.2 the New Listings Entered Into Force on January 2, 2017
Original language: English CoP18 Inf. 50 (English only / únicamente en inglés / seulement en anglais) CONVENTION ON INTERNATIONAL TRADE IN ENDANGERED SPECIES OF WILD FAUNA AND FLORA ____________________ Eighteenth meeting of the Conference of the Parties Geneva (Switzerland), 17-28 August 2019 IMPLEMENTING CITES ROSEWOOD SPECIES LISTINGS: A DIAGNOSTIC GUIDE FOR ROSEWOOD RANGE STATES This document has been submitted by the United States of America at the request of the World Resources Institute in relation to agenda item 74.* * The geographical designations employed in this document do not imply the expression of any opinion whatsoever on the part of the CITES Secretariat (or the United Nations Environment Programme) concerning the legal status of any country, territory, or area, or concerning the delimitation of its frontiers or boundaries. The responsibility for the contents of the document rests exclusively with its author. CoP18 Inf. 50 – p. 1 Draft for Comment August 2019 Implementing CITES Rosewood Species Listings A Diagnostic Guide for Rosewood Range States Charles Victor Barber Karen Winfield DRAFT August 2019 Corresponding Author: Charles Barber [email protected] Draft for Comment August 2019 INTRODUCTION The 17th Meeting of the Conference of the Parties (COP-17) to the Convention on International Trade in Endangered Species of Wild Fauna and Flora (CITES), held in South Africa during September- October 2016, marked a turning point in CITES’ treatment of timber species. While a number of tree species had been brought under CITES regulation over the previous decades1, COP-17 saw a marked expansion of CITES timber species listings. The Parties at COP-17 listed the entire Dalbergia genus (some 250 species, including many of the most prized rosewoods), Pterocarpus erinaceous (kosso, a highly-exploited rosewood species from West Africa) and three Guibourtia species (bubinga, another African rosewood) to CITES Appendix II.2 The new listings entered into force on January 2, 2017. -
Conf. 14.4 Cooperation Between CITES and ITTO Regarding Trade in Tropical Timber
Conf. 14.4 Cooperation between CITES and ITTO regarding trade in tropical timber RECOGNIZING that CITES aims to ensure the protection of certain species of wild fauna and flora against over-exploitation through international trade; ALSO RECOGNIZING that CITES can play a positive role in promoting the conservation of timber species through trade in accordance with the requirements of Articles III, IV and V of the Convention; FURTHER RECOGNIZING that the objectives of the International Tropical Timber Agreement (ITTA), 1994, include providing an effective forum for consultation, international cooperation and policy development with regard to all relevant aspects of the world timber economy and promoting trade in tropical timber from sustainable sources; NOTING the important role that the International Tropical Timber Organization (ITTO) has played and continues to play with respect to international trade in tropical timber species; WELCOMING the increase in cooperation between CITES and ITTO and especially the support provided by ITTO for meetings of the Bigleaf Mahogany (Swietenia macrophylla) Working Group, the International Experts Workshop on Non-detriment Findings for Bigleaf Mahogany, the Expert Meeting on the Effective Implementation of the Uplisting of Ramin (Gonystylus spp.) to Appendix II of CITES, as well as the assistance provided by ITTO to its members to enhance their capacity to implement CITES listings of tropical timber species; WELCOMING the ITTO project to support capacity building in range States for the implementation -
SNP-Based Method for the Genetic Identification of Ramin Gonystylus Spp. Timber and Products: Applied Research Meeting CITES Enforcement Needs
Vol. 9: 255–261 ENDANGERED SPECIES RESEARCH Published online November 6, 2008 doi: 10.3354/esr00141 Endang Species Res Contribution to the Theme Section ‘Forensic methods in conservation research’ OPENPEN ACCESSCCESS SNP-based method for the genetic identification of ramin Gonystylus spp. timber and products: applied research meeting CITES enforcement needs Rob Ogden1, 5,*, H. Noel McGough2, Robyn S. Cowan2, Lilian Chua3, Madeleine Groves2, Ross McEwing4, 5 1Wildlife DNA Services, Tepnel, Appleton Parkway, Livingston EH54 7EZ, UK 2Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew, Richmond, Surrey TW9 3AB, UK 3Forest Research Institute Malaysia (FRIM), 52109 Kepong, Selangor, Malaysia 4TRACE Wildlife Forensics Network, Science Campus, Deiniol Rd, Bangor LL57 2UW, UK 5School of Biological Sciences, Bangor University, Deiniol Road, Bangor LL57 2UW, UK ABSTRACT: We describe the development of a genetic assay for the identification of the tropical hardwood ramin Gonystylus spp., a CITES-listed genus subject to illegal international trade. Sam- ples representing different ramin species, confamilial genera and morphologically similar taxa were obtained. DNA extraction from leaf material and wood products was achieved using com- mercially available kits. Five chloroplast genes were examined for Single Nucleotide Polymor- phism (SNP) loci capable of discriminating ramin. A locus within the matK gene was selected and a TaqMan® assay designed for sample genotyping. The assay was validated against different spe- cies to demonstrate its specificity and reproducibility. The final assay provides a robust, cost-effec- tive, transferable method for identifying processed ramin. The research represents a feasibility study, addressing each of the steps required to develop a genetic identification assay for enforce- ment use; however, it should be noted that further work is required to produce a fully validated forensic identification tool. -
Non-Detriment Findings Report on Gonystylus Bancanus – a Quantitative Assessment of G
ACTIVITY REPORT Non-detriment Findings Report on Gonystylus bancanus – A Quantitative Assessment of G. bancanus in Two Selected Permanent Forests of Sarawak ITTO-CITES PROJECT Malaysia’s Work Programme For 2008 Ensuring international trade in CITES-listed timber species is consistent with their sustainable management and conservation Activity Coordinator: Ngui Siew Kong Forest Department Sarawak Wisma Sumber Alam Jalan Stadium, Petra Jaya 93660 Kuching, Sarawak Malaysia Tel. +6082 442180; Fax +6082 441377 Sarawak Forestry Corporation Km 10, Jalan Tapang Kota Sentosa 93250 Kuching, Sarawak Malaysia Tel. +6082 610088; Fax +6082 610099 The place the report was issued: Kuching, Sarawak, Malaysia Date: 31 January 2011 Non-detriment Findings Report on Gonystylus bancanus – A Quantitative Assessment of G. bancanus in Two Selected Permanent Forests of Sarawak Prepared by: 1Mohd. Shahbudin Bin Sabki 2Lucy Chong 3Ernest Chai 1 Forest Department Sarawak Wisma Sumber Alam Jalan Stadium, Petra Jaya 93660 Kuching, Sarawak Malaysia 2Sarawak Forestry Corporation Km 10, Jalan Tapang Kota Sentosa 93250 Kuching, Sarawak Malaysia 3Tropical Evergreen Enterprise 95, Seng Goon Garden 93250 Kuching, Sarawak Malaysia TABLE OF CONTENTS LIST OF TABLES.......................................................................ii LIST OF FIGURES.....................................................................ii ACTIVITY IDENTIFICATION.....................................................iii SUMMARY............................................................................... -
Dimensional Stability of Nine Tropical Hardwoods from Cameroon
Journal of Tropical Forest Science 22(4): 389–396 (2010) Shukla SR & Kamdem DP DIMENSIONAL STABILITY OF NINE TROPICAL HARDWOODS FROM CAMEROON SR Shukla* & DP Kamdem** Laboratory of Wood Science and Technology, Department of Forestry, 126 Natural Resources Building, Michigan State University, East Lansing MI 48824, USA Received September 2009 SHUKLA SR & KAMDEM DP. 2010. Dimensional stability of nine tropical hardwoods from Cameroon. This study investigated the rate of swelling and dimensional stability of nine tropical hardwood species from Cameroon, namely, ayous (Triplochiton scleroxylon), bilinga (Nauclea diderrichii), bubinga (Guibourtia tessmannii), iroko (Chlorophora excelsa), makore (Mimusops heckelii), moabi (Baillonella toxisperma), movingui (Distemonanthus benthamianus), teak (Tectona grandis) and zingana (Microberlinia brazzavillensis). Continuous swelling of wood specimens immersed in water at room temperature for up to a maximum of 48 hours were monitored using linear voltage displacement transducers (LVDTs). The amount of water uptake as function of immersion duration was measured and correlated with wood porosity. Among the species used in this study, teak showed the lowest swelling rate, therefore, the more dimensionally stable property. Ayous, iroko and movingui were relatively more dimensionally stable than bubinga, makore and moabi. The swelling rate in the tangential direction was much higher than the radial. Bubinga, bilinga and zingana exhibited higher radial swelling rates compared with iroko, teak and makore. Similarly, higher tangential swelling rates were obtained for bubinga and movingui in comparison with teak, makore and moabi. The calculated ratios of the tangential to radial swelling rates also known as the anisotropy of the species used in this study were within the normal range and in agreement with published data. -
Chapter 3--Physical Properties and Moisture Relations of Wood
Chapter 3 Physical Properties and Moisture Relations of Wood William Simpson and Anton TenWolde he versatility of wood is demonstrated by a wide Contents variety of products. This variety is a result of a Appearance 3–1 spectrum of desirable physical characteristics or properties among the many species of wood. In many cases, Grain and Texture 3–1 more than one property of wood is important to the end Plainsawn and Quartersawn 3–2 product. For example, to select a wood species for a product, the value of appearance-type properties, such as texture, grain Decorative Features 3–2 pattern, or color, may be evaluated against the influence of Moisture Content 3–5 characteristics such as machinability, dimensional stability, Green Wood and Fiber Saturation Point 3–5 or decay resistance. Equilibrium Moisture Content 3–5 Wood exchanges moisture with air; the amount and direction of the exchange (gain or loss) depend on the relative humid- Sorption Hysteresis 3–7 ity and temperature of the air and the current amount of water Shrinkage 3–7 in the wood. This moisture relationship has an important Transverse and Volumetric 3–7 influence on wood properties and performance. This chapter discusses the physical properties of most interest in the Longitudinal 3–8 design of wood products. Moisture–Shrinkage Relationship 3–8 Some physical properties discussed and tabulated are influ- Weight, Density, and Specific Gravity 3–11 enced by species as well as variables like moisture content; Working Qualities 3–15 other properties tend to be independent of species. The thor- oughness of sampling and the degree of variability influence Decay Resistance 3–15 the confidence with which species-dependent properties are Thermal Properties 3–15 known.