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Data Standards for Soil- and Agricultural Research

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Data Standards for Soil- and Agricultural Research BonaRes Series 2019/6 | DOI: 10.20387/BonaRes-ARM4-66M2 HOFFMANN, C., SCHULZ, S., EBERHARDT, E., GROSSE, M., STEIN, S., SPECKA, X., SVOBODA, N., HEINRICH, U. Data Standards for Soil- and Agricultural Research Soil as a Sustainable Resource for the Bioeconomy - BonaRes is a research programme funded by the German Ministry of Education and Research (BMBF). www.bonares.de Imprint Editor: BonaRes Centre for Soil Research c/o Helmholtz Centre for Environmental Research - UFZ Department of Soil System Science Theodor-Lieser-Str. 4 | 06120 Halle (Saale), Germany Phone: (+49) 345 558 5226 | E-Mail: [email protected] www.bonares.de Title Data Standards for Soil- and Agricultural Research Authors Hoffmann, Carsten - Leibniz Centre for Agricultural Landscape Research (ZALF), Müncheberg; Schulz, Sina - Federal Institute for Geosciences and Natural Resources (BGR), Hannover; Eberhardt, Einar - Federal Institute for Geosciences and Natural Resources (BGR), Hannover; Grosse, MeiKe - Leibniz Centre for Agricultural Landscape Research (ZALF), Müncheberg; Stein, Susanne - Leibniz Centre for Agricultural Landscape Research (ZALF), Müncheberg; SpecKa, Xenia - Leibniz Centre for Agricultural Landscape Research (ZALF), Müncheberg; Svoboda, NiKolai - Leibniz Centre for Agricultural Landscape Research (ZALF), Müncheberg; Heinrich, Uwe - Leibniz Centre for Agricultural Landscape Research (ZALF), Müncheberg Correspondence [email protected] Date December 2019 Abstract Goal of modern research data management is to provide user-friendly infra- structures to upload, manage and provide research data in findable, acces- sible, interoperable and reusable formats for continued use (= ”FAIR data principles”). To meet these requirements, the application of accepted and widely used standards, regulations, conventions and guidelines for the dif- ferent stages of research data life is necessary. With regard to agricultural science, such standards concern a wide field, e.g. the classification and description of soils, field and laboratory methods, agricultural technology, plant varieties, fertilizer products and application, agricultural business data, and agrisemantics. Additionally, more general standards are necessary, e.g. for metadata schemes, data transformation tools, data quality, data storage and archiving, data exchange, and for spa- tial data provision within an online geoportal. This document presents and discusses a variety of data standards for all life stages from data acquisition to provision. It is a reference worK for owners, providers and users of soil- and agricultural research data and aims to facili- tate data integration and Knowledge spread via data repositories. Keywords standards, research data management, data provision, data repository, geodata, FAIR principles, soil science, agricultural science, BonaRes Acknowledgement This worK was funded by the German Federal Ministry of Education and Research (BMBF) in the frameworK of the funding measure “Soil as a Sus- tainable Resource for the Bioeconomy – BonaRes”, project “BonaRes (Mod- ule B): BonaRes Centre for Soil Research, subproject B” (grant 031B0511B). License This worK is licensed under the Creative Commons Attribu- tion 4.0 International (CC BY 4.0) License. To view a copy of the license, visit creativecommons.org. Data Standards for Soil- and Agricultural Research Contents 0 Introduction ..................................................................................................................................... 3 1 Data Acquisition .............................................................................................................................. 6 1.1 Field Soil Description and Soil Classification ........................................................................... 6 1.2 Soil Sampling ......................................................................................................................... 11 1.3 Laboratory Methods .............................................................................................................. 12 1.4 Soil Management .................................................................................................................. 17 1.5 Agricultural Tools and Machineries ....................................................................................... 19 1.6 Field Crops, Fertilization and Plant Protection ...................................................................... 21 1.7 Accompanying Disciplines ..................................................................................................... 23 1.8 Business and Personal Data................................................................................................... 25 2 Data Management ......................................................................................................................... 28 2.1 General Conventions ............................................................................................................. 29 2.2 Data Quality and Statistics .................................................................................................... 31 2.3 Data Transformation ............................................................................................................. 34 2.4 Data Exchange and Formats .................................................................................................. 36 2.5 Data Archiving ....................................................................................................................... 41 3 Data Provision ............................................................................................................................... 42 3.1 Metadata ............................................................................................................................... 42 3.2 Geo-Data Services ................................................................................................................. 45 3.3 Data Publication .................................................................................................................... 47 3.4 Licenses ................................................................................................................................. 52 3.5 Thesauri and Ontologies ........................................................................................................ 53 4 Appendix ........................................................................................................................................ 60 4.1 Recommended standards ..................................................................................................... 60 4.2 Code Lists ............................................................................................................................... 62 4.3 Web Links .............................................................................................................................. 76 5 Reference List ................................................................................................................................ 79 Standards ........................................................................................................................................... 79 1 2 0 Introduction This living document has been produced in the framework of the German research initiative “BonaRes” (Soil as a sustainable resource for the bio-economy). In this recent third version more than 600 standards, as relevant for the soil- and agricultural research data management, are compiled, discussed and/or recommended. It is grouped based on three major data life stages and might act as a helpful reference work for the soil-agricultural research data community. 1. Data acquisition 2. Data management 3. Data provision The use of open and widely accepted standards is the basis for modern (FAIR, see Wilkinson et al., 2016) research data management. In this context, task of this report is to describe, compare, review and recommend standards for the whole data life and to assist soil- and agricultural scientists to store their research data into a data infrastructure to make them findable and accessible in the long-term for any reuse. Missing and competitive national and international standards and potential conflicts are stated and, based on internal and external expert knowledge, outstanding standards are highlighted and summarized to recommendations: Favored = highly recommended for application OK = acceptable alternative but maybe requires later transformation In the Appendix the highly recommended standards as well as many code lists, glossaries and web links are listed in tables. The BonaRes data repository In July 2017, the BonaRes Data Centre launched a data repository for soil and agricultural research data and accompanying metadata. Beside data from national research projects, the repository is open for other soil-related data, e.g. from agricultural long-term field experiments (LTE). The BonaRes Data Centre provides DOI, easy access and long-term availability for all uploaded research data. According to the Berlin Declaration on Open Access (2003) and the initiative “Digitale Information” (Alliance of Science Organizations in Germany, 2013), metadata and research data will not be subject to any restrictions on reuse. Metadata are always available and, after a limited embargo-time, also research data are provided accessible for the international research community. Further information is given in the BonaRes Data Guideline (Svoboda and Heinrich,
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