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El Lenguaje Del Patrimonio.Indb Ministerio de Educación, Cultura El lenguaje y Deporte sobre el patrimonio Estándares documentales para la descripción y gestión de colecciones eLP El lenguaje sobre el patrimonio Estándares documentales para la descripción y gestión de colecciones Catálogo de publicaciones del Ministerio: www.mecd.gob.es Catálogo general de publicaciones oficiales: publicacionesoficiales.boe.es Edición 2016 MINISTERIO DE EDUCACIÓN, CULTURA Y DEPORTE Edita: © SecretarÍA GENERAL TÉCnica Subdirección General de Documentación y Publicaciones © De los textos y las fotografías: sus autores NIPO (electrónico): 030-16-459-0 ÍNDICE Pág. Prólogo .................................................................................................................................................................. 6 Un vocabulario común para un patrimonio diverso: el proyecto de tesauros del patrimonio cultural de España del Ministerio de Educación, Cultura y Deporte ....................... 7 María Carrillo Tundidor Presentation RKD terminologies, RKDartists, Iconclass and (the Dutch) AAT ................................. 15 Reem Weda Normas y estándares para la elaboración de tesauros de patrimonio cultural .................................. 29 Javier García Marco Los tesauros en la web semántica: SKOS y la norma ISO 25964 .......................................................... 47 Juan Antonio Pastor Sánchez El control terminológico en el Museo Arqueológico Nacional: evolución histórica, situación actual y perspectivas de futuro ................................................................................................... 63 Javier Rodrigo del Blanco La memoria recuperada: la búsqueda del nombre. La construcción del Tesauro de Denominaciones de Bienes Culturales ................................................................................................. 76 Isabel Trinidad Lafuente Tesauros, vocabularios y listas de control terminológico. Fuentes para la construcción de tesauros culturales ..................................................................................................................................... 93 Miguel Ángel Marzal García-Quismondo Una ontología para la gestión del conocimiento: el Tesauro de la UNESCO y su aplicación en el Portal sobre Aprendizaje «Learning Portal» del Instituto Internacional de Planeamiento de la Educación de la UNESCO ........................................................................................... 105 Asunción Valderrama Pareja Construcción y uso de terminologías, categorías de descripción y estructuras semánticas vinculadas al patrimonio en la sociedad global de datos .................................................. 115 Nuria Rodríguez Ortega La normalización terminológica aplicada a la conservación y restauración del patrimonio cultural ................................................................................................................................... 131 Ana María Calvo Manuel Dimensión política y cultural en la armonización terminológica multilingüe: la experiencia del tesauro para la Red de Información del Patrimonio Europeo (HEREIN) .......... 140 Teresa Abejón Peña Creación, ejecución y desarrollo de un tesauro temático para los museos aragoneses: las tipologías arqueológicas .......................................................................................................................... 147 José Fabre Murillo El listado de autoridades y la normalización terminológica en el Museo del Prado ........................ 157 José Luis Cueto Martínez-Pontrémuli Normalización terminológica en bibliotecas: autoridades de materia y términos de género/forma en la Biblioteca Nacional ................................................................................................ 169 Pascual Jiménez Huerta PARES hacia la web semántica: autoridades y tesauros en los archivos estatales ............................ 181 Aránzazu Lafuente Urién 6 Prólogo Miguel Ángel Recio Crespo Director General de Bellas Artes y Bienes Culturales y de Archivos y Bibliotecas Los tesauros de patrimonio cultural son recursos que permiten normalizar el vocabulario y los conceptos utilizados para la identificación, descripción y clasificación de los bienes culturales, facilitando el uso de un lenguaje común que permite el intercambio de información entre di- ferentes tipos de instituciones gestoras de patrimonio. Se trata de instrumentos fundamentales para todos los profesionales que se ocupan de la documentación, investigación y gestión del patrimonio, y también constituyen un elemento que permite y facilita el acceso del público a la información. La Subdirección General de Museos Estatales trabaja desde hace años en la elaboración y construcción de vocabularios normalizados. Por su parte, el Instituto del Patrimonio Cultural de España lleva a cabo en la Escuela de Patrimonio Histórico de Nájera (La Rioja) un programa anual de actividades formativas sobre diversos aspectos relacionados con la conservación y estu- dio del patrimonio. Dentro de dicho programa el IPCE organizó en noviembre de 2015, el curso: “El lenguaje del patrimonio. Estándares documentales para la descripción y gestión de colecciones”. El curso ha permitido reunir aportaciones de especialistas de la universidad, la adminis- tración pública y de instituciones nacionales e internacionales que trabajan en la actualidad en el tratamiento técnico de los vocabularios, así como en su normalización, difusión y aplicación práctica a los sistemas de información de los diferentes repositorios patrimoniales actualmente disponibles. La publicación de los resultados supone, por tanto, una excelente oportunidad para acercarse a las diferentes iniciativas que se están desarrollando en este ámbito. El lenguaje sobre el patrimonio | Pág. 6 7 Un vocabulario común para un patrimonio diverso: el proyecto de tesauros del patrimonio cultural de España del Ministerio de Educación, Cultura y Deporte María Carrillo Tundidor Jefa del Servicio de Documentación. Ministerio de Educación, Cultura y Deporte En el año 2016 se cumplen veinte años de la publicación del informe «Normalización documen- tal de museos: elementos para una aplicación informática de gestión museográfica» (Carretero et alii, 2006), con la que se presentó en sociedad el proyecto de normalización documental del Mi- nisterio de Educación, Cultura y Deporte. Esta publicación, que sentó las bases para el desarrollo posterior del proyecto de normalización documental y el de tesauros que tratamos aquí, recogía el análisis que había desarrollado la Comisión de Normalización Documental de Museos creada en 1994 sobre la situación en la que se encontraba la documentación en los museos estatales, e incluía las funcionalidades y requisitos que debía cumplir la aplicación informática que se de- sarrollaría a partir de la publicación del informe y que con el tiempo se denominaría DOMUS. El lenguaje del patrimonio | Págs. 7-14 Un vocabulario común para un patrimonio diverso: el proyecto de tesauros del patrimonio cultural de España... 8 Veinte años es un tiempo suficiente para valorar las cualidades evidentes que el pro- yecto, en general, y la publicación que mencionamos, en particular, han tenido para el eficaz desarrollo de un sistema documental compartido en los museos. Durante estos años el pro- yecto ha ido creciendo en número de instituciones y, gracias a las aportaciones de los técnicos de los museos de diferentes titularidades, se ha ido enriqueciendo con más funcionalidades y evoluciones técnicas. Muchas de las cuestiones básicas sobre las que se asentó el proyecto continúan vigentes a día de hoy, y una de ellas es, sin duda, la necesidad de establecer un control terminológico sobre las tareas de catalogación, inventario y gestión de las colecciones de los museos. Textualmente, la publicación mencionaba que debía procederse «a la unificación de nor- mas descriptivas y terminológicas de las diversas áreas científicas, técnicas y administrativas». Y señalaba que este control terminológico debía aplicarse «a la denominación de los ítems, sus materias primas, técnicas de fabricación, denominación de componentes, etc.», y avanzaba ya la necesidad de constituir grupos de trabajo para las áreas que podrían resultar más problemáticas, refiriéndose concretamente a las clasificaciones genéricas, contextos culturales, clasificaciones geográficas e iconografía. Es curioso comprobar cómo esta profecía que adivinaba dificultades en el horizonte de algunos campos de información concretos se ha visto cumplida, si tenemos en cuenta que a día de hoy, a pesar del gran número de vocabularios aparecidos, siguen sin completarse los tesauros de clasificaciones genéricas, iconografía y contextos culturales (aunque esperamos que este último esté pronto en la calle). Dado que la publicación era tremendamente explícita en las herramientas de control ter- minológico que utilizaría la futura aplicación informática (tesauros, listas y tablas de control de términos), tras su publicación se pusieron en marcha los grupos de trabajo que debían desarro- llar estos tesauros, para lo cual se contó con reconocidos expertos en cada área de estudio, que comenzaron a elaborar tesauros específicos por especialidades. Fruto de este trabajo se publica- ron el Diccionario de materiales cerámicos en el año 2002 (Cabrera et alii, 2002), el Diccionario de mobiliario en el año 2006 (Rodríguez, 2006) y el Diccionario de numismática en el año 2009 (Alfaro et alii, 2009). Aunque redactadas por especialistas de museos diferentes, estas
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