Abdul Aziz Ishak: Biografi Politik 1955 Hingga 1962 Mohamad Idris Saleh Doktor Falsafah Universiti Utara Malaysia 2013

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Abdul Aziz Ishak: Biografi Politik 1955 Hingga 1962 Mohamad Idris Saleh Doktor Falsafah Universiti Utara Malaysia 2013 ABDUL AZIZ ISHAK: BIOGRAFI POLITIK 1955 HINGGA 1962 MOHAMAD IDRIS SALEH DOKTOR FALSAFAH UNIVERSITI UTARA MALAYSIA 2013 Kebenaran Merujuk Tesis Dalam menyerahkan tesis ini, sebagai memenuhui keperluan ijazah Universiti Utara Malaysia (UUM), saya bersetuju supaya pihak perpustakaan UUM mengedarkan tesis ini bagi tujuan rujukan. Saya juga bersetuju bahawa kebenaran untuk membuat salinan, keseluruhan atau sebahagian daripadanya bagi tujuan akademik mestilah mendapat kebenaran daripada penyelia saya atau semasa ketiadaan beliau, kebenaran tersebut boleh diperolehi daripada Dekan Kolej Sastera dan Sains. Sebarang penyalinan, penerbitan atau penggunaan ke atas keseluruhan atau sebahagian daripada tesis ini, untuk tujuan pemerolehan kewangan tidak dibenarkan tanpa kebenaran bertulis daripada saya. Permohonan untuk kebenaran membuat salinan atau lain kegunaan sama ada keseluruhan atau sebahagiannya, boleh dibuat dengan menulis kepada: Awang Had Salleh Graduate Schools of Arts and Sciences, UUM College of Arts and Sciences, Universiti Utara Malaysia, 06010, Sintok ii Abstrak Penyelidikan ini merupakan satu kajian berbentuk biografi mengenai Abdul Aziz Ishak (Aziz), seorang Menteri Pertanian dalam kabinet Tunku Abdul Rahman Putra Al-Haj (Tunku). Aziz adalah seorang tokoh penting dalam memperjuangkan pembangunan ekonomi orang Melayu khususnya dalam sektor pertanian sekitar tahun 1950-an. Objektif kajian ini adalah untuk mengkaji latar belakang, pemikiran, tindakan dan kesan politik sepanjang penglibatan Aziz dalam kabinet dari tahun 1955 sehingga 1962. Kajian ini berbentuk historiografi, menggunakan kaedah kualitatif dengan pendekatan analisis kandungan. Dua jenis sumber digunakan dalam kajian ini iaitu sumber primer dan sekunder. Sumber primer meliputi bahan-bahan di arkib seperti koleksi peribadi Aziz, keluarganya, minit mesyuarat, memo, rekod kerajaan, dan perbahasan parlimen. Sumber sekunder yang digunakan meliputi buku- buku dan akhbar-akhbar sezaman. Di samping itu temu bual turut dilakukan dengan ahli keluarga dan mereka yang berkaitan dengan Aziz. Kajian ini mendapati Aziz adalah seorang tokoh yang sangat berjasa dalam memajukan sektor pertanian dan berjaya meningkatkan taraf hidup penduduk luar bandar. Untuk mencapai matlamat tersebut Aziz telah mewujudkan projek pemasaran padi dan ikan, memodenkan sektor pertanian dengan memperkenalkan penggunaan baja urea, tanaman padi dua kali setahun, penggunaan bot dan pukat yang lebih besar serta tahan lama. Beliau juga menubuhkan koperasi di seluruh negara untuk mengekang kegiatan orang tengah. Pemikiran dan tindakan yang Aziz lakukan merupakan satu revolusi yang belum pernah dilakukan sebelum ini oleh mana-mana pihak, namun hal ini tidak disenangi oleh Tunku yang berpendirian pro-kapitalis dan barat. Beliau menuduh Aziz sengaja mencari sokongan dan populariti di kalangan rakyat menyebabkan berlaku konflik antara Aziz dengan Tunku. Aziz yang berpendirian tegas dan tidak berkompromi dalam perjuangannya, rela dipecat dari kabinet dan mengorbankan karier politiknya demi kemajuan dan perkembangan sektor pertanian negara dan orang Melayu. Kata Kunci: Abdul Aziz Ishak, Tunku Abdul Rahman Putra Al-Haj, Menteri Pertanian, Sejarah Politik Malaysia iii Abstract This is biographical research of Abdul Aziz (Aziz), the Minister of Agriculture in the cabinet of Tunku Abdul Rahman Putra Al-Haj (Tunku). Aziz was an important figure in the struggle for Malay economic development, particularly in the agricultural sector around the 1950's. The objective of this study is to investigate the background, thoughts, actions and political impact throughout Aziz’s involvement in the cabinet from 1955 until 1962. The qualitative method using the content analysis approach was adopted in the research. Both primary and secondary sources were used in the study. The primary sources included materials in archives such as the private collection of Aziz and his family, minutes of meetings, memos, government records, and parliamentary debate. While the secondary sources came from books and newspapers. In addition, interviews were carried out with family members and those associated with Aziz. The study found that Aziz was instrumental in developing the agricultural sector and improving the living standards of the rural population. He achieved success when he implemented several ground breaking ideas which included the introduction of a paddy and fish marketing project, modernization of the agricultural sector, the use of urea fertilizer and twice a year rice planting scheme, the use of improved and better quality seeds and the introduction of larger boats and better quality fishing nets. He also set up cooperatives throughout the country to curb the activities of middlemen. Aziz’s thought and actions were considered revolutionary. They were never implemented before this by any parties, but it was not viewed favourably by the Tunku who was known to be pro-capitalist and western in outlook. He accused Aziz of deliberately seeking support and popularity among the people this resulted in a conflict between the Tunku and Aziz. Aziz who stood firm and uncompromising in his struggle and was eventually sacked from the Cabinet and it ended his political career while trying to protect the progress and development of the agricultural sector and the Malays. Keywords: Abdul Aziz Ishak, Tunku Abdul Rahman Putra Al-Haj, Minister of Agriculture, Malaysia Political History iv Penghargaan Saya mengucapkan rasa syukur yang tidak terhingga kepada Allah S.W.T. kerana dengan taufik dan hidayah serta keizinan-Nya, tesis ini berjaya disiapkan. Saya juga ingin merakamkan penghargaan dan ucapan ribuan terima kasih kepada semua pihak dan individu yang terlibat sama ada secara langsung atau tidak langsung dalam menyiapkan tesis ini. Dr. Ismal Yusof; penyelia yang sabar dan begitu tekun memberi bimbingan dan tunjuk ajar yang amat berguna, terima kasih dan jasamu akan tetap dikenang. Saya turut ingin mengambil kesempatan ini untuk mengucapkan ribuan terima kasih kepada Arkib Negara Malaysia, perpustakaan ibu pejabat UMNO, Universiti Malaya, Universiti Utara Malaysia dan lain-lain perpustakaan awam yang telah membenarkan saya menggunakan bahan yang terdapat di sana. Tidak lupa juga kepada semua individu yang sanggup menjadi responden dan individu-individu lain yang tidak mungkin saya dapat sebutkan di sini, terima kasih atas segala bantuan dan kerjasama yang diberikan. Kepada Universiti Utara Malaysia terutamanya para pensyarah serta rakan-rakan di Pusat Pengajian Umum yang banyak membantu sama ada dalam bentuk moral dan material, terima kasih daun keladi. Kepada keluarga, isteri dan anak-anak yang sentiasa sabar dan sangat memahami walaupun dalam kesibukan masing-masing telah menjadi pendorong serta perangsang yang kuat untuk untuk saya menyiapkan tesis ini. Tanpa anda semua Nazeli, Nazrul Izzuan, Nazrul Izzaini dan Nazrul Izzurin yang sangat disayangi dan dikasihi kebuntuan dalam menulis tesis ini mungkin tidak dapat dirungkai. Kepada semua yang terlibat segala budi baik, bantuan dan kerjasama tuan-tuan dan puan-puan akan tetap dikenang. Tanpa bantuan dan kerjasama tersebut dan keizinan- Nya tidak mungkin tesis ini dapat disiapkan. Terima kasih, semoga Allah juga yang akan membalas budi baik itu. v Walaupun banyak bimbingan dan tunjuk ajar serta nasihat yang diberikan, namun kesilapan dan kelemahan yang wujud dalam tesis ini, saya mengaku semuanya adalah atas tanggungjawab saya sendiri. Mohamad Idris Saleh Sintok, Kedah Darul Aman. vi Jadual Kandungan Kebenaran Merujuk Tesis ii Abstrak iii Abstract iv Penghargaan v Jadual Kandungan vii Senarai Rajah dan Jadual x Senarai Singkatan xi BAB SATU PENGENALAN 1 1.1 Latar Belakang Kajian 1 1.2 Pernyataan Masalah 9 1.3 Persoalan Kajian 11 1.4 Objektif Kajian 12 1.5 Kepentingan Kajian 13 1.6 Skop dan Limitasi Kajian 13 1.7 Ulasan Karya 16 1.8 Kerangka Teoritikal 23 1.9 Metode Kajian 34 BAB DUA SEJARAH HIDUP 36 2.1 Latar Belakang Kehidupan 36 2.2 Latar Belakang Keluarga 44 2.3 Alam Persekolahan 49 2.4 Perkahwinan 53 2.5 Anak-anak 55 2.6 Pengalaman Kerja 60 2.7 Berniaga 63 2.8 Penglibatan Dalam Politik 66 2.9 Persiapan Ke Arah Kemerdekaan 80 vii BAB TIGA PEMIKIRAN DAN TINDAKAN AZIZ DALAM SEKTOR PERTANIAN 83 3.1 Pengenalan 83 3.2 Ekonomi Luar bandar 84 3.3 Matlamat dan Dasar Ekonomi 92 3.4 Pemikiran dan Tindakan Memajukan Sektor Pertanian 93 3.4.1 Koperasi Sebagai Alat Meningkatkan Ekonomi 103 3.4.2 Tanaman Padi 110 3.4.2.1 Kilang Baja 118 3.4.2.2 Kilang Kertas 123 3.4.2.3 Tanaman Dua Kali Setahun 125 3.4.3 Ternakan 133 3.4.4 Perikanan 139 3.4.4.1 Perikanan Air Tawar 149 3.4.5 Tanaman Lain 151 3.5 Penilaian Terhadap Pemikiran dan Tindakan Aziz Dalam Sektor Pertanian 162 3.6 Masa Depan Sektor Pertanian 168 BAB EMPAT SENARIO HUBUNGAN POLITIK AZIZ DENGAN TUNKU 176 4.1 Pengenalan 176 4.2 Malayanisasi 176 4.3 Dasar Luar Negara 183 4.4 Pendidikan 183 4.5 Memangku Menteri Pelajaran 186 4.6 Kementerian Pembangunan Luar Bandar 188 4.7 Kilang Baja 190 4.8 Usaha Untuk Berdamai 212 4.9 Kilang Kertas 219 4.10 Skim Pembelian Padi Melalui Koperasi 224 4.11 Dasar Ekonomi 229 viii BAB LIMA IMPLIKASI HUBUNGAN POLITIK AZIZ DENGAN TUNKU 244 5.1 Rombakan Kabinet Pertama 244 5.2 Rombakan Kabinet Kedua 263 5.3 Penyingkiran 281 5.4 Selepas Meninggalkan Kabinet 286 BAB ENAM KESIMPULAN DAN CADANGAN 299 6.1 Kesimpulan 299 6.2 Cadangan 315 BIBLIOGRAFI 316 ix Senarai Rajah dan Jadual Rajah 1.1: Teori Pemikiran 26 Rajah 2.1: Jurai Keturunan Abdul Aziz Ishak 49 Rajah 2.2: Keluarga Abdul Aziz Ishak 59 Jadual 3.1: Jumlah Tanaman Padi Dua Kali
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