Annual Report of the Chief of Engineers U.S

Annl Rpot for Fiscal Year Ended 30 June

VOL-1 OF TWO 90th Congress, 2nd Session House Document No. 214 Pt. 1

ANNUAL REPORT, DEPARTMENT OF THE ARMY Fiscal Year Ended June 30, 1967

ANNUAL REPORT OF THE CHIEF OF ENGINEERS U.S. ARMY

ON CIVIL WORKS ACTIVITIES 1967

IN TWO VOLUMES Vol. 1

U.S. GOVERNMENT PRINTING OFFICE WASHINGTON: 1968

For sale by the Superintendent of Documents, U.S. Government Printing Office Washington, D.C. 20402- Price 70 cents

CONTENTS

VOLUME 1

Pacp Letter of Transmittal vii Highlights x CHATER I. THE CIVIL WORKS PROGRAM 1 1. The scope and origin of the Civil Works program 1 2. Organization 2 II. FUNDING AND COST REDUCTION 3 1. Funds available 3 2. Appropriations 5 3. Expenditures (costs) 6 4. Economy measures 8 III. NAVIGATION 11 1. Scope 11 2. Construction and operations 12 3. Waterborne Commerce 12 4. Protection of navigable waters 16 IV. FLOOD CONTROL 19 1. Flood plain management services 19 2. Construction and maintenance 20 3. Flood control, Mississippi River and tributaries 21 V. HYDROELECTRIC POWER AND WATER SUPPLY 27 1. Installed capacity 27 2. Hydroelectric power production 28 3. Additional capacity scheduled 28 4. Water supply 28 VI. ENVIRONMENTAL DEVELOPMENT 33 1. Contributions to American Beauty program 33 2. Pollution abatement 35 VII. RECREATION 37 VIII. RESEARCH AND DEVELOPMENT 41 1. Aquatic plant control 41 2. Coastal engineering research 42 3. Engineering studies 42 4. Fisheries engineering investigations 45 5. Great Lakes research 46 6. Hydrologic studies 47 7. Hydrometeorological studies 47 8. International Hydrological Decade 47 9. Plan formulation and evaluation studies 48 10. Nuclear explosive studies for civil construction 49 IX. PLANNING 51 1. Planning, programming, budgeting system (PPBS) 51

iii Page 2. Comprehensive studies .----- 52 3. Investigations and reports 53 4. Review by Board of Engineers for Rivers and Harbors 53 5. Project authorization 54 6. Advance engineering and design 54 7. International boundary waters 54 8. Collection and study of basic data 57 9. Studies by the U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service 58 X. LEGISLATIVE DEVELOPMENTS 61 1. New legislation 61 2. Waterway transportation improvements 61 3. Water quality control ------61 4. Flood plain management 62 5. Reimbursement of non-federal expenditures 62 6. Review of legislation 63 7. Codification of laws 63 XI. OTHER ACTIVITIES 65 1. Beach erosion control ------65 2. Emergency operations ...... 66 3. Atlantic-Pacific Interoceanic Canal Study 67 4. Hydraulic mining, California 69 5. Washington, D.C., water supply --- 69 6. Education and training 70 APPENDIX A. NAVIGATION 73 1. Navigation improvements placed in useful operation during the fiscal year ...... 73 2. Navigation improvements initiated during the fisc a l ye a r ...... 74 3. Navigation improvements under construction during fiscal year 75 4. Project harbors, commerce reported for calendar year 1966 79 5. Commerce at selected areas, calendar year 1966 86 6. Ton-mileage of freight carried on U.S. inland waterways, by system, calendar year 1966 86 7. Project waterways, commerce reported for calendar year 1966 87 B. FLOOD CONTROL 101 1. Flood control projects placed in useful operation during fiscal year 1967 101 2. Flood control projects initiated during fiscal year 1967 102 3. Flood control projects under construction during fiscal year 1967 103 4. Flood control reservoirs operable June 30, 1967 108 5. Flood control reservoirs constructed or contributed to by Corps of Engineers but operated by others June 30, 1967 126 6. Project features fully completed during the fiscal y e a r ------130 iv 7. Project features on which construction continued during the fiscal year ------131 8. Project features on which work was initiated during the fiscal year ------131 9. Project features on which maintenance and operation activities were conducted during the fiscal year -... 132 C. HYDROELECTRIC POWER AND WATER SUPPLY 131 1. Multiple-purpose projects under construction with some or all primary project features placed in useful operation during fiscal year 1967 ...... 131 2. Multiple-purpose projects under construction and not operating during fiscal year 1967 134 3. Generating capacity placed in operation during the fiscal year ------135 4. Hydroelectric projects in operation June 30, 1967 -_ 136 5. Hydroelectric projects under construction June 30, 1967 ------137 6. Hydroelectric power by region -- 138 7. Water supply storage as of June 30, 1967 139 8. Irrigation storage as of June 30, 1967 140 D. FEATURE ARTICLES ------143 1. Foundation Conditions and Construction Procedures, Shelbyville Dam 143 2. Modernizing the Ouachita River Waterway 147 3. The Water Quality Research Program 153 E. GENERAL 155 1. Publications ------155 2. Directory of installations and activities 155

Volume 2

Reports on individual project operations and related Civil Works activities are published as volume 2, for sale by the Superintendent of Documents, U.S. Government Printing Office, Washington, D.C. 20402. Statistics on Waterborne Commerce of the United States are printed separately (see app. E-1).

SUBJECT: Annual Report on U.S. Army Civil Works Activities for Fiscal Year 1967

TO: THE SECRETARY OF THE ARMY

1. Transmitted herewith is my annual report on the Civil Works activities of the Department of the Army, as carried out by the Corps of Engineers in fiscal year 1967. Volume 1 of this report reviews the overall program status, accomplishments, and planning to meet existing and future needs, and presents summary data on water resources development by the Corps. Volume 2 con- tains detailed information on individual Civil Works projects and activities. Detailed data on U.S. waterborne commerce are published separately. 2. Civil Works activities of the Corps of Engineers involve a nationwide water resources development program which includes the planning, design, construction, operation, and maintenance of works for navigation, beach erosion control, flood contol, hurricane protection, hydropower, water supply, water quality control, recreation, fish and wildlife preservation, and related purposes, as authorized by law. 3. The active Civil Works program consists of over 4,300 project authorizations with a total estimated Federal cost of $32 billion. Appropriations for new work under this program have totaled $16 billion. Approximately $16 billion will be required to complete the active authorized improvements of over 1,200 projects. Appropriations for Civil Works activities for fiscal year 1967 totaled $1.3 billion, of which over $1 billion (79 percent) was for new work. 4. Notable progress was made in carrying out project construction and placing additional works in useful operation. Con- struction was initiated on 70 new projects and on new items at 7 features of the Mississippi River and tributaries project. Sixty- three other projects, including 6 projects which were initiated, and items at 16 features of the Mississippi River and tributaries project, were placed in beneficial operation. Features at two multiple-purpose projects were also placed in operation. Major structural rehabilitation was carried out on 30 channel and harbor projects, 2 lock and dam projects, one reservoir project, and one multiple-purpose project. Minor structural rehabilitation was conducted on 10 navigation and two flood control projects.

vii 5. This program continues to provide large and widespread benefits to the Nation. Items of major importance are- a. Navigation, calendar year 1966. Total U.S. waterborne traffic established a new record for the third consecutive year. Over 1.3 billion tons were distributed among coastal harbors and channels, Great Lakes harbors and channels, and inland and intracoastal waterways in proportions of 47, 17, and 36 percent, respectively. A total of 280 billion ton-miles of freight carried on the Great Lakes and on the inland and intracoastal waterways also established a new record. This total was composed of 116 billion ton-miles on the Great Lakes, the largest movement since 1957, and 164 billion ton-miles on the inland and intracostal waterways system, a new all-time high. b. Flood control. In December 1966 heavy rainfall caused extensive damage in southern and central California, resulting in designation of the locality as a major disaster area. In March 1967, heavy rainfall over the westerly slopes of the Appalachian Mountains caused flooding in Kentucky, Ohio, Pennsylvania and West Virginia. Unusually heavy rains throughout most of June caused damages to the Missouri River Basin that were the heav- iest of the season. As illustrated by these and other floods during the year, the provision of an adequate degree of flood protection remains one of the most pressing aspects of the Nation's water resource development program. Damages prevented by flood control projects in operation are estimated to exceed one billion dollars this fiscal year, clearly demonstrating the value of such works in reducing the drain on the Nation's economy as a result of flooding. There is a continuing recognition that protective works for flood control must be complemented with zoning controls and other regulatory measures to assure proper management of flood plain use. Under its flood plain management services program, the Corps is responding to increasing numbers of requests from states and local communities for advice in preventing flood damages. c. Hydropower. Installed capacity exceeded the 91/2 million kilowatt mark, the energy generated in fiscal year 1967 amount- ing to 43.7 billion net kilowatt-hours. These figures represent 21 percent of the Nation's total hydropower capacity and generation, and 3.7 percent of its total electric power capacity and generation. The cumulative total energy generated at Corps projects through fiscal year 1967 amounted to about 442 billion kilowatt-hours. d. Water supply. The Corps provides 4.4 million acre-feet of storage for water supply in 45 reservoirs, which supplements viii the water supply for more than 2 million people in about 100 cities, towns, and rural areas. A dependable supply estimated at more than 3 billion gallons per day is available from storage now in operation. Some 51/2 acre-feet of storage space is being utilized, either exclusively for irrigation or jointly for that and other purposes. Large quantities of water made available by power releases and evacuation of flood control storage also increased the quantity and improved the quality of downstream flows. e. Public recreation use. Navigation projects and reservoirs furnish excellent opportunities for public outdoor recreation. At- tendance at reservoir projects reached 204 million in calendar year 1967, an increase of 5 percent over the preceding year. 6. During this fiscal year the Corps of Engineers continued, at an accelerated pace, its Civil Works program for conserving, developing, and putting to better use the Nation's water resources in support of economic growth and human welfare. While we are faced with difficult, technical, fiscal, administrative and other problems, I consider that this year marks a period of solid achievement. Further, I feel that the widespread public attention being given to the urgent need for comprehensive planning and development of our water and related resources, together with the increasingly cooperative efforts at all levels of Government, and of other interested individuals and organizations, is providing a sound basis for further substantial progress in future years.

WILLIAM F. CASSIDY Lieutenant General, USA Chief of Engineers

ix Highlights--Corps of Engineers Water Resources Development

Fiscal year., except as noted otherwise Cumula- Item tive through 1967 1966 1965 1964 1963 1962 1961 1960 1959 1958 1967 I. APPROPRIATIONS' ($ MILLIONS) A. New work.' 306 274 216 204 204 211 209 190 141 4,667 1. Navigation ... 280 2. Flood control 419 419 453 387 353 325 286 286 278 226 6,326 (a. Flood control, Mississippi River and tributaries)4 (58) (57) (52) (54) (53) (55) (55) (52) (52) (44) (1,514) 3. Multiple-purpose incl. power 323 323 266 259 266 237 258 215 190 126 5,097 4. Beach erosion control 2 3 3 1 2 1 1 1 1 20 Subtotal, new work 1,024 1,051 996 863 825 767 756 711 659 493 16,110 B. Other work 8 ..... 269 279 258 234 221 208 180 162 157 146 4,834 Total (A + B) 1,293 1,330 1,254 1,097 1,046 975 936 873 816 639 20,944 II. NAVIGATION, FOREIGN AND DOMESTIC (calendar year) : A. Commerce (billions of ton- miles) : 1. Coastal (foreign and domestic deep-draft) 330 326 334 337 338 330 (a) (8) (8) 2. Great Lakes 116 109 106 95 90 87 3. Inland and intracoastal waterways 119 112 104 96 92 86 Total (Rounded) 565 547 544 528 520 503 B. Traffic (millions of tons) : 1. Coastal harbors and channels (foreign and domestic

deep draft) ...... 621 589 573 553 533 501 512 496 477 2. Great Lakes harbors and channels 230 217 213 195 183 177 196 172 164 3. Inland and intracoastal water ways 482 467 452 425 412 383 390 383 360 Total (Rounded) 1,333 1,272 1,237 1,172 1,128 1,061 1,099 1,051 1,002 III. FLOOD DAMAGES PREVENTED ($ billions) (cumulative)_ 15.8 14.6 14.0 12.5 11.8 11.3 10.6 9.7 9.2 9.0 IV. POWER: A. Installed (millions of 9.6 9.4 9.0 8.5 8.2 7.5 6.9 6.6 6.1 5.6 kw) (cumulative). B. Generated (billions of kwh) ...... 43.7 42.5 38.0 33.3 30.0 29.9 27.2 27.9 26.8 27.2 V. RESERVOIR STORAGE (million acre-feet) : A. All purposes 207 196 184 176 169 164 162 155 153 B. Flood control (maximum) 85 79 75 72 (') (9) (9) (9) (9) C. Water supply 4.4 4.4 4.1 2.3 1.6 1.5 1.5 1.5 1.5 1.2 D. Irrigation 5.5 5.5 5.5 5.5 5.0 4.8 4.0 4.0 4.0 4.0 VI. PUBLIC ATTENDANCE AT RESERVOIRS (millions) (calendar year) 204 194 168 156 147 127 120 109 107 95

' Includes about $500 million expended on deferred-for-restudy, inactive, abandoned, or superseded projects. ' Advance engineering and design, and construction. a Includes alternation of bridges obstructive to navigation. 4Included in 2. " Operation and maintenance, surveys, administration, and miscellaneous. 6 Excludes tons and ton-miles moved (a) within Puerto Rico and (b) within Virgin Islands. 7 Includes (a) ton-miles of carriage on the sea and on inland waters in domestic coastwise and intercoastal commerce and (b) ton-miles of foreign commerce on inland waters only. s Not compiled on this basis prior to 1961. S 9 Not available. CHAPTER I

THE CIVIL WORKS PROGRAM

1. THE SCOPE AND ORIGIN OF THE CIVIL WORKS PROGRAM

The Civil Works Program of the Corps of Engineers con- stitutes a major component of the vast aggregate of activities- Federal, State, local and private-through which the Nation de- velops, utilizes and conserves its water and related resources. Through the Civil Works Program the Federal Government provides the Nation's harbors and commercial waterways; constructs reservoirs, levees, channel improvements, and other works to protect urban communities and the larger agricultural valleys from floods; provides major outlets for drainage systems; installs works for shore protection; and constructs major multiple-purpose reservoirs which, in addition to providing flood protection, enable the generation of hydroelectric power, furnish water for muncipal, industrial, and agricultural use, and regulate the major rivers to improve water quality, preserve and improve the fish and wildlife resource, enhance recreational potentials, and otherwise increase their value to the Nation. The reservoirs and waterways constructed under the Civil Works Program also have great value for recreation and presently serve more recreationists than any other program of the Federal Government. The rivers and harbors segment of the Civil Works Program had its beginnings in 1824 when the Corps of Engineers received a small sum to begin the improvement of the Mississippi and Ohio Rivers. It was not until 1917 that the program was expanded to encompass flood control, and then only for the Missis- sippi and Sacramento Rivers. In 1936 the Congress enacted the first general flood control legislation and made the Corps responsible for a nationwide program for reducing flood damages. During the subsequent three decades the Civil Works Program was gradually broadened until today it encompasses all of the activities previously mentioned. With the growth of Federal activities in the water field, continuing executive and legislative efforts were made to improve cooperation and coordination among the various Federal agencies, and between those agencies and the States. Interagency com- REPORT OF THE CHIEF OF ENGINEERS, U.S. ARMY, 1967 mittees were established at field and Washington levels and use was made of interstate compact commissions, study commissions, and other devices. In 1965, the Water Resources Planning Act established the Water Resources Council and authorized the establishment of Federal-State River Basin Commissions to coordinate the planning and carrying out of water resource development plans within major basins, or regions. The Department of the Army is represented on the Council and the Corps plays a leading role in the preparation of the comprehensive plans called for by the act. The Corps is also assisting the Council in preparation of the 1967 National Assessment of the Nation's water problems, and in studies of various planning, economic and policy problems. The effect of these recent developments is to make the Civil Works Program an integral part of a much broader national program encompassing not only all of the Federal water activities, but also those of the States and their subdivisions. Such a comprehensive and coordinated program has been a goal of many national leaders since the turn of the century. An outstanding characteristic of the Civil Works Program has been its adaptability to the changing needs of the Nation. It is expected that it will continue to meet future needs. In its monumental 1961 report the Senate Select Committee on National Water Resources predicted that the rapid industrialization and urbanization of the United States will make the regulation of the rivers for all purposes an increasingly important goal of its water resource development programs. The Civil Works Program is gradually being adjusted to meet this and other foreseeable future needs.

2. ORGANIZATION The Civil Works Program is administered by the Chief of En- gineers under the general supervision of the Secretary of the Army. The line of responsibility runs from the Chief of Engi- neers through the Director of Civil Works and the Division Engineers to the District Engineers. There are 11 Division En- gineers and 38 District Engineers. Each District Engineer administers the program within a District composed, in general, of a river basin or group of river basins. A Division is usually composed of several Districts. A list of the Divisions and Dis- tricts will be found in appendix E-1. The Division and District Engineers are also responsible for the Military Construction Program of the Corps of Engineers. CHAPTER II

FUNDING AND COST REDUCTION

1. FUNDS AVAILABLE

Fiscal Year 1967 funds appropriated for Civil Works activities of the Corps of Engineers amounted to $1,294,569,010. Individual appropriations are detailed in table 1. Status of funds advanced by local interests for navigation and flood control improvements is shown in table 2.

Table 1. Appropriations, Fiscal Year 1967 The funds with which the works for the maintenance and improvement of rivers and harbors and flood control were prosecuted during the fiscal year were derived from unexpended balances of prior appropriations, from the following appropriations acts, and by transfer from other departments:

PUBLIC WORKS APPROPRIATION ACT, 1967 Oct. 15, 1966 Flood control, Mississippi River and tributaries $ 87,135,000 General investigations, Corps of Engi- neers, Civil 32,450,000 Construction, general, Corps of Engi- neers, Civil 967,460,000 Operation and maintenance, general, Corps of Engineers, Civil 179,000,000 General expenses, Corps of Engineers, Civil 1967 17,550,000 Flood control and coastal emergencies, Corps of Engineers, Civil 7,000,000

Total 1,290,595,000 SUPPLEMENTAL APPROPRIATION ACT, 1967: * May 29, 1967 General expenses, Corps of Engineers, Civil, 1967 464,000 Total 464,000

Treas ury Varran t No. SPECIAL FUNDS: Hydraulic mining in California, debris fund 737-_96-2 18,000 Payments to states, Flood Control Act, June 28, 1938, as amended 1132-I 96-5 2,494,197 REPORT OF THE CHIEF OF ENGINEERS, U.S. ARMY, 1967

Table 1-Continued

Appropriation title' Date of act Amount Maintenance and operation of dams and other improvements of navigable waters (credits to accounts from licenses under Federal Water Power Act of 1935) 1098-96-4 997,813 Total - -3,510,010 TRUST FUNDS (CONTRIBUTIONS AND ADVANCES): Rivers and harbors, contributed funds Various 24,373,125 Rivers and harbors, advanced funds do 1,496,876 Total ------25,870,001 FUNDS TRANSFERRED FROM OTHER DEPARTMENTS: Consolidated working fund, Army, Engineers, Civil, 1967 .. 20,000 Construction, International Boundary & Water Commission, U.S. & Mexico, State (transfer to Corps of Engineers, Civil) 25,000 Contributions, Educational and Cultural Ex- change, State (transfer to Corps of En- gineers, Civil) .. 5,955 Land and water conservation, Bureau of Out- door Recreation, Interior (transfer to Corps of Engineers, Civil, for land purchase at Delaware Water Gap National Recreation Area, National Park Service, Department of Interior) -. 6,276,105 Capital outlay, U.S. Soldier's Home (transfer to Corps of Engineers, Civil) 3,575,000 General investigations, Bureau of Reclamation (transfer to Corps of Engineers, Civil) 80,000 Natural disaster study, Office of Administra- tor, HHFA (transfer to Corps of Engineers, Civil) 39,079 Total 10,021,139 FUNDS TRANSFERRED TO OTHER DEPARTMENTS: Transportation, U.S. Coast Guard (transfer of unobligated funds) * -100,000 Transportation, U.S. Coast Guard (transfer of unobligated funds)--...... * -3,522,328 Total -...... - 3,622,328 Grand Total, all funds 1,326,837,822 *Returned to originating agency. CHAPTER II--FUNDING AND COST REDUCTION

Table 2. Advanced Funds, Fiscal Year 1967 The following amounts have been advanced by local interests for river and harbor improvements under the provisions of section II, River and Harbor Act of 1925, and for flood control works under the provisions of the act of October 15, 1940, and are returnable to the same interests when necessary Government funds are available.

Balance due Amount Amount from United received returned Balance due States, June S0, during fiscal during fscal from U.S. 1966 year year June 30, 1987

Anaheim Bay Harbor, Calif._ $1,447,000 1,317,000 $ 130,000 Cabrillo Beach, Calif. -- 143,400 143,400 Doheny Beach, Calif... 752,780 82,400 670,380 Imperial Beach, Calif 29,399 29,399 Redondo Beach, Calif 50,000 50,000 Ventura-Pierpont, Calif 332,857 646,876 979,733 Revetment (New Orleans Dist.)- 850,000 850,000

Total rivers and and harbors 2,755,436 1,496,876 1,542,800 2,709,512

2. APPROPRIATIONS Chart I indicates the fluctuation in annual appropriations since 1957 for Civil Works functions. ACTUAL APPROPRIATIONS-CIVIL WORKS FUNCTIONS

$ BILLIONS 1.3

O1.295 1.2 1.2 - oO P_ r 1.026

0.6

0.4 -

MAINTENANCE & OTHER s s .lam 269

0.2 - m eni sm ' O a um m ei

1957 58 59 60 61 62 63 64 65 66 67

CHART I REPORT OF THE CHIEF OF ENGINEERS, U.S. ARMY, 1967

3. EXPENDITURES (COSTS)

During the fiscal year, expenditures (costs) were $1,258,637,957 on the Civil Works program. Of this amount, $1,027,188,325 was for construction and $231,449,632 for all other activities except those funded by contingencies, advances, and collections from local sources and transfers from other agencies. Chart II shows comparative expenditure (cost) data since 1959. Expenditures under each appropriation are listed in Table 3.

EXPENDITURES (COST) CIVIL WORKS FUNCTIONS

$ MILLIONS 1.3 1 26

1.2

1.0 1.03

0.8

0.6

0.4

0.2 .23

1958 59 60 61 62 63 64 65 66 67

CHART 11

Table 3. Accrued Expenditures, Fiscal Year 1967 CHAPTER II-FUNDING AND COST REDUCTION

The total actually expended under the direction of the Chief of Engineers in connection with the maintenance and improvement of rivers and harbors, flood control, and other miscallaneous work during the fiscal year ended June 30, 1967 is as follows: Appropriation title Amount RIVERS AND HARBORS AND FLOOD CONTROL: Flood control, Mississippi River and tributaries $ 86,119,845 General investigations, Corps of Engineers, Civil 29,205,307 Construction, general, Corps of Engineers, Civil 954,579,260 Construction, general, Corps of Engineers, Civil, 1966 287,079 Operation and maintenance, general, Corps of Engineers, Civil 173,908,557 General expenses, Corps of Engineers, Civil, 1966 121,201 General expenses, Corps of Engineers, Civil, 1967 17,793,272 Flood control and coastal emergencies, Corps of Engineers, Civil .. .- 5,578,989 Maintenance and operation of dams and other improvements of navigable waters 1,484,806 Total rivers and harbors and flood control 1,269,078,316 MISCELLANEOUS APPROPRIATIONS: Hydraulic mining in California, Civil 1,999 Payments to states, Flood Control Act of 1938, as amended 2,421,562

Total miscellaneous appropriations 2,423,561 CONTRIBUTED AND ADVANCED FUNDS: Rivers and harbors, contributed funds 21,522,426 Rivers and harbors, advanced funds 2,722,918

Total contributed and advanced funds 24,245,344

Total appropriated and contributed funds 1,295,747,221 TRANSFERS FROM OTHER DEPARTMENTS: Capital outlay, U.S. Soldiers' Home (transfer to Corps of Engineers, Civil) 146,721 Consolidated working fund, Army, Engineers, Civil --- 20,109 Consolidated working fund, Army, Engineers, Civil, 1966 18,675 Consolidated working fund, Army, Engineers, Civil, 1967 6,674 Construction, International Boundary and Water Commis- sion, U.S. and Mexico, State (transfer to Corps of En- gineers, Civil) 63,180 Contributions, Educational & Cultural Exchange, State (transfer to Corps of Engineers, Civil) 4,773 General investigations, Bureau of Reclamation (transfer to Corps of Engineers, Civil) . 54,341 Highway trust fund, Treasury (transfer to Corps of Engineers, Civil) 141,775 Land and water conservation, Bureau of Outdoor Recrea- tion, Interior (transfer to Corps of Engineers, Civil, for land purchase at Delaware Water Gap National Recrea- tion Area, National Park Service, Department of Inter- ior) 2,198,598 Natural disaster study, Office of the Administrator, HHFA (transfer to Corps of Engineers, Civil) . - 33,541 REPORT OF THE CHIEF OF ENGINEERS, U.S. ARMY, 1967

Table 3-Continued

Appropriation title Amount U.S. dollar advances from foreign governments, U.S. Edu- cational Exchange Program, State (transfer to Corps of Engineers, Civil) 720 Total transfers from other departments 2,689,107 Grand total, all funds 1,298,436,328

4. ECONOMY MEASURES

The program to reduce costs, improve operations, and increase productivity was continued during fiscal year 1967 to provide economies in Corps activities. Typical examples of the savings accomplished under the cost reduction programs are cited below: Engineering and construction. A study of past experience with revetment on bank and levee slopes on the Mississippi River suggested that the design criteria for the condition of sudden draw down was too conservative. Tests run with piezometers installed at completed works and designs based on this test data resulted in steeper slopes which reduced the amount of fill material required. In one case, involving over 11,000 linear feet of slope, the savings amounted to $185,410. In the fabrication of concrete revetment mattresses for bank protection work on the Mississippi River, two improvements were implemented. The first improvement consisted of utilizing one thickness of 80 pound kraft paper to separate the layers of cast concrete mats after casting and while in storage. Formerly, two sheets of 50 pound kraft paper were used. The second improvement involved the use of Portland Cement with water reducing the air entraining admixtures. This mixture permitted the use of less concrete than was formerly required. The resulting savings for these two improvements amounted to $129,862. Original design for the Blanchard Reservoir provided for six hydraulically operated slide gates with a bypass piping system for passing low flows. After further analysis, it was determined the same function could be performed by eliminating the bypass system and providing for a two-passage wet well structure with two hydraulically operated wheel gates. In addition, the redesign has provided improved water quality control. The resulting saving attributed to this redesign amounted to $700,000. Floating plant operation. Pumping dredged material ashore from a hopper dredge previously required a mooring barge se- cured to dolphins. The fixed location of the dolphins required CHAPTER II-- FUNDING AND COST REDUCTION extra travel time of the dredge. A new mooring barge was developed containing spuds or "built-in dolphins" which can anchor the barge at the most suitable spot near shore and reduce travel time. Use of the spud type mooring barge reduced dredging costs in the Delaware River by $425,000. Modification of the hopper dredge Hoffman to enable it to pump dredged material to shore disposal areas through a pipeline in lieu of bottom dumping resulted in permanent disposal of dredged material ashore and a reduction in average haul distance. The savings realized as a result of this modification were $86,000. Supply. A continuing program for locating and utilizing items of engineer and construction equipment available as surplus from other Federal agencies has greatly reduced capital outlay for civil works. During fiscal year 1967, this program resulted in the acquisition of equipment valued at approximately $3,390,000. Value engineering. The value engineering program activity continued during fiscal year 1967. This program invites suggestions from contractors as to means of reducing construction costs without impairing the efficiency or integrity of the structures. During this fiscal year, a total of 110 value engineering proposals were received from our construction contractors. Seventy-two of these ideas were accepted, resulting in net savings to the Government of $402,103. Employee suggestions. Employee suggestions through the In- centive Awards Program provided a substantial share of the improvement projects completed throughout the Corps of Engi- neers. In fiscal year 1967, over 3,100 suggestions were adopted. Those applicable to Civil Works produced savings in excess of $1.8 million. Automatic data processing. The Corps has continued to increase the use of automatic data processing equipment (ADPE). Through improved methods and expanded ADP capability, greater benefits have been achieved. The use of ADPE has permitted more flexible analysis, greater accuracy, and reduced response time, particularly in applications such as design problems. In addition, the Districts have been able to handle the increasing workload without increases in the engineering staffs. A typical example is that reported by the Louisville District. Development and use of ADP programs in the Hydraulics Branch enabled the branch to increase its output by a notable amount with no increase in manpower. A comparison of ADP costs vs. costs of the same work performed by manual methods showed a savings of $56,630.

CHAPTER III

NAVIGATION

1. SCOPE

The Federal program for the improvement of rivers and harbors, now in its 142d year, was the first water resource development activity assigned to the Corps of Engineers. The navigation element of the civil works program consists of three major parts: coastal harbors and channels, Great Lakes harbors and channels, and the inland and intracoastal waterways. Each of these systems has more than justified construction and operating costs by savings in transportation costs. Coastal harbors and channels are being constantly improved to provide the greater depths required for modern ocean carriers. Depths of 35 feet now generally prevail at major harbors on the Atlantic and Gulf coasts and range up to 45 feet in New York Harbor. Depths of 30 to 40 feet are generally available along the Pacific Coast. Coastal harbors and channels accommodated 619.3 million tons of foreign and coastwise traffic in calendar year 1966. Harbors and channels of lesser depths also have been provided for commercial fishing, recreational boating, and harbors of refuge. The vast water areas of the Great Lakes, joined by improved connecting channels, provide a low-cost transport artery that permits movement of material and products in huge quantities to advantageously located industrial areas. In calendar year 1966, waterborne commerce at Great Lakes harbors and channels totaled 222.5 million tons of traffic. Controlling depths in both upbound and downbound connecting channels are 27 feet or more. There are some 60 harbors on the Great Lakes with authorized project depths of 18 to 27 feet. The Great Lakes are connected with the Gulf of Mexico by means of 9- to 12-foot barge navigation on the Illinois Waterway and Mississippi River. Connections with the Atlantic Ocean are provided by the New York State barge canal system and Hudson River and by the 27-foot St. Lawrence Seaway. The Federal Government has improved in varying degree some 22,000 miles of inland and intracoastal waterways, of which 19,000 miles are currently in commercial use. Commerce on these

11 REPORT OF THE CHIEF OF ENGINEERS. U.S. ARMY. 1967 waterways increased over 7 percent during the past year to establish a new record of 164 billion ton-miles.

2. CONSTRUCTION AND OPERATIONS During the fiscal year active construction operations were carried out on 70 channel and harbor projects and 28 lock and dam projects, of which 23 were placed in useful operation as listed in A-1, appendix A. In fiscal year 1967 work was initiated on 9 channel and harbor projects and one lock and dam project as listed in A-2, appendix A and one channel and harbor project that was placed in useful operation. The 65 navigation projects having major construction activity underway at the end of the fiscal year, exclusive of the 10 new starts listed in A-2, appendix A, are shown in A-3, appendix A. Construction operations were also carried out pursuant to the small navigation projects, in accordance with section 107, Public Law 86-645. Twelve projects not specifically authorized by Con- gress were placed in useful operation during the year, of which one was initiated. Of the 12 projects initiated, construction continued on 11 projects. Maintenance and operations activities were conducted on navigation projects during the fiscal year at a cost of $115,088,708. In addition, costs of $6,672,362 were incurred on activities for the protection of navigation and surveys of the north central lakes. In allocating the funds being provided for project maintenance, every effort consistent with budgetary requirements is made to maintain navigation projects adequately to serve the reasonable requirements of commerce and navigation. Major structural rehabilitation was carried out on 32 navigation projects at a cost of $6,930,650. Minor structural rehabilitation was actively prosecuted on 10 navigation projects at a cost of $450,373.

3. WATERBORNE COMMERCE The upward trend of U.S. waterborne commerce continued through its fifth consecutive year to establish new highs of 1,334 million tons and 280 billion ton-miles for 1966. Both the foreign and domestic trades shared in the advances. However, as opposed to 1965, domestic traffic recorded the greater gain during the reporting year by increasing 33.6 million tons

12 CHAPTER III-NAVIGATION for a reco d total of 863 million tons in 1966. In the same period, foreign traffic, registering a 27.7-million-ton gain over 1965, also achieved a new peak of 471 million tons. In the foreign trade, imports and exports registered almost identical increases; the former advancing by 14 million tons and the latter showing a gain of 13.7 million tons over 1965 totals recorded for these traffics. Tonrage moving directly between U.S. Great Lakes ports and overseas ports via the St. Lawrence Sea-

TOTAL WATERBORNE COMMERCE OF THE UNITED STATES 1957-1966

FOREIGN DOMESTIC tE GREAT LAKES PORTS COASTAL PORTS COASTWIS [J LAKEWSED INLANI Millions of short tons 0 200 400 600 800 1000 1200 Year'a . .... 1966 471.5 ...... 862. 7 ......

58.5 1965

56.7 =:::.:421. ?======2:::: :: ::: :::: 1964

54.6

- ...... , ...... ,. , . • . • .i,. . ' ..-• ...... ••' .-. .. -

196 2 -:v...... -...... ".:..:_.- 196035...... 2.41.1...... ;...... 196168 ~7 1960 5...... 19657 36.0 1959

35.5

25.8

35.4

CHART III

13 REPORT OF THE CHIEF OF ENGINEERS, U.S. ARMY, 1967 way rost 10 percent above the preceding year to acount for a total of almost 11 million tons. While internal traffic led the advance in domestic trades with an upsurge of 20 million tons, the lakewise and coastwise traffics also figured prominently in the new highs, contributing 10-million and 7-million-ton increases, respectively. Not participating in these advances, local traffic tonnage declined 3.6 million tons for a 1966 total of 99.2 million, and intraterritory traffic dropped 0.2 million tons to 1.2 million tons. The record 280 billion ton-miles of freight carried in 1966 on the inland waterways of the United States, including the Great Lakes, represented a gain of 18 billion ton-miles over the total

TON-MILES OF FREIGHT CARRIED ON THE WATERWAYS OF THE UNITED STATES 1957-1966

GREAT LAKES SYSTEM MISSISSIPPI RIVER SYSTEM OTHER WATERWAYS Billions of ton-miles 0 20 60 100 140 180 220 260 1 1 1, 1 I I I I I Year

IsB 1966 1 1 0 .171

1964 1o6 a5 5

195866

1958 [P M

1957 ." 17, ' xJ..JJ

CHAPT IV

14 Table 4. Total U.S. gIaterborne Commerce for Calendar Year 1957-66 (In millions of tons of 2,000 pounds)

Foreign Domestic

aImports Exports I Year Total . --- -- Intra- (Great I Great Total Coast- lake- Internal Intra- Local terri- Total Coastal Lakes Total Coastal Lakes wise wise prt tory ports ports ports ports 1957 1,131.4 186.4 176.2 10.1 172.2 146.9 25.3 772.9 196.4 182.2 281.1 50.2 60.6 2.4 1958 1,004.5 189.5 181.5 8.0 119.4 101.6 17.8 695.7 194.1 132.3 261.1 48.9 56.5 2.8 1959 1,052.4 213.5 198.6 14.9 112.2 91.6 20.6 726.7 205.5 131.2 282.3 49.7 57.1 '1.0 1960 1,099.9 211.3 198.5 12.9 128.0 104.8 23.2 760.6 209.2 155.1 291.1 49.5 54.7 1.0 1961 1,062.2 200.2 188.2 12.0 129.2 106.0 23.2 732.8 206.9 136.8 294.1 43.2 50.7 1.1 3 1962 1,129.4 222.7 207.0 15.7 135.9 110.5 25.4 770.8 215.5 135.7 316.1 47.9 54.4 1.3 1963 1,173.8 227.4 209.4 18.0 158.3 129.8 28.5 788.1 213.9 141.7 331.9 45.6 53.4 1.6 1964 1,238.1 248.6 224.4 24.2 173.3 142.9 30.5 816.2 205.7 151.4 357.9 43.0 56.6 1.6 1965 1,272.9 269.8 244.9 25.0 173.9 142.1 31.8 829.2 201.5 153.7 369.6 (2) 102.9 1.5 1966 1,334.1 283.8 257.2 26.7 187.5 155.8 31.8 862.7 208.4 164.0 389.9 (2) 99.2 1.2

'Traffic within the States of Alaska and Hawaii transferred to other domestic traffic categories. 2 Included in local. Note. Totals represent the sums of unrounded figures, hence they may vary slightly from the sums of the rounded amounts. REPORT OF THE CHIEF OF ENGINEERS. U.S. ARMY, 1967 for 1965. As a result, this 7-percent growth in ton-miles over- shadowed the 5-percent-tonnage increase recorded for the same period. Analysis of ton-mile statistics indicates that the Great Lakes advanced 5.8 percent for a total of 116 billion ton-miles. Exceeding this, however, the combined Gulf Coast waterways and Mississippi River System accounted for a 9.8-percent rise to generate a total of 130 billion ton-miles of waterborne commerce for the Gulf and mid-continent areas of the United States. Aggregate ton-miles for waterway systems of the Atlantic and Pacific Coasts remained practically constant during the years 1965 and 1966 at 34 billion ton-miles. Total freight handled at ports and carried on the waterways improved by the Corps of Engineers under Congressional authorization are presented in the following charts. Commerce at individual project harbors and waterways is listed in A-4, A-5, A-6, and A-7, appendix A. Detailed data on the commodities handled and the vessel trips at individual ports and waterways are in the publications listed in appendix D.

4. PROTECTION OF NAVIGABLE WATERS

The Corps of Engineers administers certain Federal laws enacted for the protection and preservation of navigable waters of the United States. Administration of certain of these functions was transferred to the Department of Transportation on 1 April 1967 by Section 6(g) of an Act of Congress approved 15 October 1966 (Public Law 89-670). The regulatory functions transferred to the Department of Transportation include the authority (1) to regulate the location of vessels at anchor, (2) to prescribe drawbridge operating regulations, (3) to require alteration of existing bridges considered to be unreasonably ob- tructive to navigation, (4) to review and determine reasonable- ness of tools charged for crossing bridges, (5) to administer the Act for the prevention of the pollution of the sea by oil, and (6) to control the location and clearances of bridges over navigable waters. During the fiscal year, 6,958 permits were granted for structures or other work in navigable waters, plans for 3 dams were approved, 45 sunken vessels were removed, 5 harbor line systems were established or modified, and 30 sets of regulations were promulgated or amended establishing and governing the use, administration, and navigation in navigable waters, danger zones, restricted areas, and fishing areas. Prior to April 1, 1967, plans for 116 bridges were approved, 23 extensions of time for com-

16 CHAPTER III-NAVIGATION mencement or completion of construction of bridges were granted, and 27 sets of regulations were promulgated establishing and governing the use, administration, and navigation of anchorage grounds and special anchorage areas, and governing the operation of drawbridges. The Corps of Engineers engaged in the following additional activities relative to the administration of the laws for the protection of navigable waters: investigations of the discharge or deposit of refuse matter of any kind in navigable waters; prevention of pollution of coastal navigable waters by oil; administrative determination of the heads of navigation and the extent to which the laws shall apply to specific streams; supervision of the harbors of New York, Hampton Roads, and Baltimore to prevent obstructive and injurious deposits in the waters thereof, including the waters of Long Island Sound; granting of permits for the occupation and use of Federal works under control of the Corps of Engineers; report of international boards on operations affecting international boundary waters; legislation in connection with the foregoing and prevention and removal of any deposits in channels which obstruct navigation or increase Federal maintenance costs. The program has resulted not only in a saving in dredging costs and more efficient use of dredging equipment, but also in a stimulation of planning by the industries to improve their operations for recovering salvageable material. The Corps has consummated a number of enforcement actions with various industries to date which provide for reimbursement to the United States of estimated excess maintenance dredging costs created by the respective industrial establishments. The agreements are mostly informal based on mutual recognition of industry's responsibility under the law. These agreements were reached utilizing a negotiated basis of cost computation best suited to the particular plant. The majority of actions thus far involve steel industry waste. The District Engineer at Chicago, Illinois, has underway a study to develop certain techniques and criteria for accurate determination of an industrial plant's total suspended solids discharge from its effluents. It is expected that techniques will be developed for determining (1) solids transport load in effluents which may vary abruptly and frequently throughout any period, (2) the occurrence of flocculation of the finer particles carried in the effluent and ways in which sedimentation of materials of this type occurs, both in simple and complicated environments, and (3) measurement of in-place density of sediments, for converting weight of solids in suspension in the

17 REPORT OF THE CHIEF OF ENGINEERS. U.S. ARMY. 1967 effluent to volume of sediment in the waterway in order to corre- late dredging quantities with suspended solids discharge which is measured in ppm. When techniques and criteria have been developed after completion of the study by the Chicago District Engineer, Corps-wide policies and procedures will be prescribed and disseminated. Under the Bridge Alteration Act (Truman-Hobbs) of June 21, 1940, as amended by the act of July 16, 1952, the cost of altering a bridge used for railroad traffic, combined railroad and highway traffic or a publicly owned highway bridge, found by the Secre- tary of the Army (now the responsibility of the Secretary of Transportation) to be obstructive to navigation, is apportioned between the bridge owner and the United States. Prior to the transfer of the responsibility for this function to the Secretary of Transportation on April 1, 1967, the Corps held one hear- ing to develop data as a basis for determining if four bridges across Green River, Kentucky, are unreasonable obstructions to navigation. An order to alter one bridge (Seaboard Coast Line bridge) across Northeast (Cape Fear) River at Wilmington, North Carolina, was issued. Alteration of one bridge was completed.

18 CHAPTER IV

FLOOD CONTROL

Major Federal participation in flood control began in 1928, when Congress adopted the present project for the Mississippi River and tributaries. Primary Federal responsibility for nationwide flood control was assigned to the Corps of Engineers by the 1936 Flood Control Act, which also established the basic Federal policy for that activity. The authorized flood control program, including the Mississippi River and tributaries project, is estimated to cost $12 billion. Since 1936, the Corps has completed about 623 specifically authorized projects, with an estimated cost of about $6 billion. Projects having an estimated cost of about $3 are under construction, and many of these have been advanced to the point where they are at least partially effective for flood control. The remainder of the active flood control program, estimated to cost $3 billion, has not been started. Many multiple-purpose reservoir projects with power provide important flood control benefits. There are 915 Corps of Engineers projects of all categories now fully or partially effective for flood control, and, during the limited period they have been in operation, they have prevented about $15.8 billion of flood damages.

1. FLOOD PLAIN MANAGEMENT SERVICES However, results of this program also indicate that, despite the huge investment already made in flood control works, many communities remain vulnerable to major flood catastrophes, and average annual flood damages continue to constitute a costly drain on our nation's assets. With the progressively more intense occupancy and development of flood plains, there is now a grow- ing realization that the nation's flood problems cannot be effectively and economically solved by endless provision of more numerous and ever-larger flood protection works; and that better management of flood plain use, through regulatory controls, must be undertaken by the local authorities concerned. In adopt- ing such programs, local interests are turning to the Corps of

19 REPORT OF THE CHIEF OF ENGINEERS. U.S. ARMY. 1967

Engineers for technical advice and assistance, which are being furnished under its program of flood plain information studies. Section 206 of the Flood Control Act of 1960 (Public Law 86-645) as amended in 1966 (Public Law 89-789) authorized the Secretary of the Army through the Corps of Engineers to com- pile and disseminate information on flood hazards and to respond to requests for technical advice and guidance in planning to minimize flood damage susceptibility. Through text, maps and other graphical devices, the flood plain information reports de- scribe the flood hazard in terms of the area prone to floods, the history of flooding, depths of flooding experienced or expected, velocities of flood flows, and the time characteristics of floods. Information studies and assistance are provided largely at Federal expense within limits of appropriated funds. Local interests are encouraged to provide mapping and other survey information and to use results in their planning toward wise use of the flood plain. Services provided include interpretations of the flood hazard and technical advice and assistance in consideration of a host of alternative means of dealing with flood problems. During 1967, 42 flood plain information reports were completed and 78 additional ones initiated. Responses were made to hun- dreds of community, state, and Federal (Executive Order 11296) requests for assistance.

2. CONSTRUCTION AND MAINTENANCE

During the fiscal year, active construction operations were carried out on 156 specifically authorized flood control projects, of which 17 were placed in useful operation, as shown in B-1, appendix B. During the year, excluding multiple-purpose projects, work was initiated on 21 specifically authorized projects, as shown in B-2, Appendix B. The 118 flood control projects under active construction during the fiscal year, exclusive of multiple- purpose projects and those projects placed in useful operation or initiated during the year as shown in B-1 and B-2, appendix B, are listed in appendix B. Construction operations were also carried out pursuant to the small project authority in section 205, 1948 Flood Control Act, as amended. Eight small authorized projects were placed in useful operation and ten projects were initiated during the year. Construction was continued on ten projects. Maintenance and operation activities were conducted in 183 flood control projects during the fiscal year at a cost of $17,314,- 685. In addition, inspection of completed local flood protection

20 CHAPTER IV-FLOOD CONTROL works constructed by the Corps but operated and maintained by local interests, and scheduling of flood control operations for reservoirs of other Federal agencies cost $963,634. Major rehabilitation was conducted on one reservoir project at a cost of $5,863 during the fiscal year. Minor rehabilitation was actively prosecuted on two projects at a cost of $248,354. 3. FLOOD CONTROL, MISSISSIPPI RIVER AND TRIBUTARIES The project for the Mississippi River and Tributaries, authorized by the 1928 Flood Control Act and subsequent amendments, provides for flood protection of its alluvial valley below Cape Girardeau, Mo., from Mississippi River and local floods by means of levees and floodwalls, channel realignment and stabilization, reservoirs, floodways and outlets, and local drainage. A summary of the authorizing act and subsequent amendments will be found in the 1967 Annual Report of the Mississippi River Commission in the tabulation following Table C. Total authorization for the project at the end of the fiscal year was $1,690,022,600, of which $1,486,121,142 has been appropriated and $1,482,265,095 expended. During the year, construction was completed on 16 features of the project as shown in B-6 appendix B. Progress was made in the continuing construction of the principal features of the project on the main stem and on the tributaries in the alluvial valley. Main stem work on levees, revetments, dikes, and dredging was accomplished as follows: main line levees enlarged to grade and section, 20.6 miles; new bank protection placed, 18.0 miles; new dikes constructed, 17.8 miles; and construction dredging, 60,987,000 cubic yards. Work continued on 10 additional project features, as shown in B-7, appendix B. During the year, work was initiated on 7 features of the project, as shown in B-8, appendix B. Preconstruction planning continued on Mississippi River levee enlargement, bank protection, and alluvial valley levees and channel improvements under construction. Incident to construction of the project, the features maintained and operated during the year are shown in B-9, appendix B. Floods. Heavy rains in May in the Ohio, Tennessee, and Cum- berland River basins produced crest stages at Cairo, Ill., of 43.5 feet, 0.5 foot below bankfull stage; and at Memphis, Tenn., of 29.8 feet, well below flood stage. Lower White River at Clarendon, Ark. crested in May 1967 at 24.2 feet, 1.2 feet above bankfull stage, being materially reduced by operation of upstream reservoir system. Operation of flood control works reduced stages in St. Francis

21 REPORT OF THE CHIEF OF ENGINEERS, U.S. ARMY, 1967 Basin above St. Francis, Ark., by 1 to 2 feet, and resulted in a crest at St. Francis in May of 18.5 feet, 0.5 foot below bankfull stage. West Tennessee tributaries crested in May: Loosahatchie River at Brunswick, 22.0 feet, 1.0 foot above flood stage; North Fork Forked Deer River at Dyersburg, 26.2 feet, 12.2 feet above flood stage; Obion River at Bogota, 22.8 feet, 9.8 feet above flood stage; Wolf River at Raleigh, 6.3 feet, 5.7 feet below flood stage; and Hatchie River at Rialto, 15.0 feet, 3.0 feet above flood stage. Stages on the Mississippi River in the Vicksburg District were about normal with minor fluctuations during the year. Crest stages occurred in the latter part of May and early June 1967. Crest stages occurred in the latter part of May and early June 1967. Crest stages varied from about 14 feet below flood stage at Arkansas City to about 8 feet below flood stage at Natchez. Stages on Ouachita River were low from July 1966 to April 1967, except for a moderate rise in the upper reaches in August 1966. Crest stages occurred in the upper reaches in early May 1967, with a stage 6 feet above flood stage at Arkadelphia and about 8 feet above flood stage at Camden, Ark. The river crested at Monroe in June, about 12 feet below flood stage. Black River at Jonesville, La., crested in June about 7 feet below flood stage. Stages on the Tensas River were low except for rises in Feb- ruary and May which were well below bankfull. Stages on the Coldwater-Tallahatchie-Yazoo Rivers were low. Crest stages occurred in May and were 4 feet below flood stage at Swan Lake, 11I/ feet below at Greenwood, and about 51/2 feet below flood stage at Yazoo City. Operation of flood control works effected reductions averaging 7 feet on the Coldwater and Tal- lahatchie Rivers, 8 feet at Greenwood, and 3 feet at Yazoo City. Rises occurred on the Big Black River in May and June with stages 3 to 7 feet above flood stage. No important rises occurred on the Big Sunflower River. Crest stages on the lower Mississippi, the Atchafalaya, and the lower Red River were well below flood stage during the fiscal year. Condition of overall project. At the end of the fiscal year, construction of the entire project between Cape Girardeau, Mo., and the Gulf of Mexico was sufficiently well advanced to afford a high degree of protection, from Mississippi River overflow, to most of the alluvial valley, except in unprotected areas. A total of 1,572 miles of main line levees is now authorized for the system, of which 1,565 are in place with 1,479 built to approved grade and section. (These mileages include a net length of 51

22 CHAPTER IV--FLOOD CONTROL miles of structures, guide levees, and other levee sections, considered as completed separable features.) The bank stabilization program has progressed steadily during recent years through construction of bank revetments, dikes, and corrective dredging to prevent the river from regaining its former length due to its natural tendency to meander. A long-range plan is being developed to bring about and maintain the desired alignment of the river between Baton Rouge, La., and Cairo, Ill. At the end of the fiscal year, there were 570 miles of operative revetment and 74 miles of effective dikes on the main stem of the Mississippi River below Cairo, Ill.; channel stabilization work on the Arkansas River adjacent to the project levee consists of about 65 miles of revetment and 38 miles of dikes. Stabilization work on the lower Red and Atchafalaya Rivers consists of 12.4 miles of revetment and 3.0 miles of dikes. The Arkabutla, Sardis, Enid, and Grenada Reservoirs in the Yazoo basin, Miss., and the Wappapello Reservoir in the St. Francis basin, Mo., have been completed. Several minor local flood protection works have been completed. Other authorized improvements in the alluvial valley, including levees, channel improvement, and supplementary drainage works, are under construction. The Bonnet Carr, Morganza, and west Atchafalaya floodways are in useful operational status, and with the Atcha- falaya River, will permit the diversion of 1,750,000 cfs of the project flood discharge to the Gulf of Mexico, leaving 1,250,000 cfs to pass down the main stem by New Orleans. The Old River navigation lock, low sill and overbank structures with appurtenant entrance and exit channels, and the highway bridge over the lock, have been completed and are in operation. Work to be accomplished consists mainly of additional revetment. The Old River control project prevents the Old and Atchafalaya Rivers from enlarging and diverting the flow of the Mississippi River. Total benefits that have accrued since adoption of the project are estimated at about $8 billion, which amounts to approximately $5.50 in benefits for every dollar of project funds thus expended. The authorized Mississippi River and tributaries project, as amended, provides for a 12- by 300-foot navigation channel in the Mississippi River between Baton Rouge, La., and Cairo, Ill., and a 12- by 125-foot channel in Old and Atchafalaya Rivers between the Mississippi River and Morgan City, La. The Missis- sippi River channel was maintained between Baton Rouge and Cairo, and a minimum 9-foot project depth existed throughout the year except for very short periods at a few locations. Sec-

23 REPORT OF THE CHIEF OF ENGINEERS, U.S. ARMY, 1967 tions of tributary channels were maintained to provide project depths throughout the year. Details of project construction and operation are contained in the report of the Mississippi River Commission, Volume 2, of the annual Report of the Chief of Engineers.

Table 5. Flood Damages Prevented by Corps of Engineers Projects (In Thousands of Dollars) Cumulative During fical through Region year 1966 fiscal year 1966 Alaska $560 $3,286 Arkansas-White-Red 6,662 385,973 Central & South Pacic 86,150 463,331 Central Valley 130,382 1,199,527 Colorado 220 18,755 Columbia .20,102 914,019 Great Basin 0 950 Great Lakes & St. Lawrence 2,125 33,463 Gulf & South Atlantic 15,514 164,308 Hawaii 130 955 Lower Mississippi 20,376 7,992;114 Middle Atlanti 1,306 245,814 Missouri 581,434 2,049,381 New England 204 158,150 North Pacific 143 20,518 Ohio 152,034 1,480,720 Rio Grande & gulf 5,968 401,066 Souris & Red 1,106 12,773 Upper Mississippi 7,160 262,272 Total 1,031,576 15,807,375

24 CHAPTER IV-FLOOD CONTROL

Table 6. Flood Damages Prevented During Fiscal Year 1967 (In Thousands of Dollars) Memphis District $5,536 New Orleans District ------12,220 St. Louis District 185 Vicksburg District 3,448 Lower Mississippi Valley Division ----- $21,389 Kansas City District 317p273 Omaha District .264,161 Missouri River Division 581,434 New England Division ---- 160 Baltimore District 1,200 New York District 474 N orfolk D istrict ------Philadelphia District 6 North Atlantic Division 1,680 Buffalo District 956 Chicago District---- Detroit District 522 Rock Island District 4,998 St. Paul District 3,465 North Central Division 9,941 Alaska District 560 Portland District 19,603 Seattle District 37 Walla Walla District 605 North Pacific Division 20,805 Huntington District 89,932 Louisville District 23,749 Nashville District 5,355 Pittsburgh District 32,998 Ohio River Division 152,034 Honolulu District 130 Pacific Ocean Division 130 Charleston District 87 Jacksonville District 14,445 Mobile District 710 Savannah District 270 Wilmington District 2 South Atlantic Division 15,514 Los Angeles District 85,730 Sacramento District 130,180 San Francisco District 842 South Pacific Division 216,752 Albuquerque District 286 Fort Worth District 5,765 Galveston District---- Little Rock District 806 Tulsa District 4,880 Southwestern Division 11,737 T otal ...... 1,031,576

CHAPTER V--HYDROELECTRIC POWER AND WATER SUPPLY

CHAPTER V

HYDROELECTRIC POWER AND WATER SUPPLY

Multiple-purpose projects are designed to provide hydroelectric power as well as meet flood control or navigational needs. They may also furnish water for municipal, industrial and agricultural uses; abate pollution through the regulation of river flow; improve fish and wildlife resources; and provide recreational opportunities. The importance of multiple-purpose projects in relation to the other activities of the Corps continued to increase during fiscal year 1967. Construction operations were carried out on 30 such projects, of which eight had some or all features in operation at the end of the year. These are listed in C-1, appendix C. The 22 under construction with no primary features in operation are shown in C-2 appendix C. Operation and maintenance activities were conducted on 48 multiple-purpose projects during the year at a cost of $33,869,193. Major rehabilitation was conducted on one multiple-purpose project, at a cost of $279,837. Electric power development in the Corps of Engineers water resources program has grown with the increasing needs of the Nation for electric energy and the expanding Federal interest in its development and use. Installed nameplate capacity in operation June 30, 1967, represented a 1.5 percent increase over that in operation June 30, 1966. Electric energy production was 2.8 percent above the preceding fiscal year. Electric power produced at Corps of Engineers hydroelectric projects in excess of project needs must, under existing law and with the exception of one project, be delivered to the Depart- ment of the Interior for disposition at rates approved by the Federal Power Commission.

1. INSTALLED CAPACITY During fiscal year 1967, three generating units were placed in operation at two projects, for a total of 138,500 kilowatts of capacity as shown in C-3, appendix C. This additional capacity represents 12.5 percent of the hydroelectric capacity and 1 per-

27 REPORT OF THE CHIEF OF ENGINEERS, U.S. ARMY. 1967 cent of the total generating capacity added to the Nation's electric utility systems during the fiscal year. On June 30, 1967, the Corps of Engineers had a total of 9,570,400 kilowatts of generating capacity in operation at 46 projects as listed in C--4, appendix C. This represents 3.7 percent of the total generating capacity and 21 percent of the hydroelectric generating capacity in operation throughout the Nation at the end of the fiscal year.

2. HYDROELECTRIC POWER PRODUCTION

During fiscal year 1967, 43.7 billion kilowatt-hours of electric energy was produced at Corps of Engineers multiple-purpose projects. This was an increase of 1.2 billion kilowatt-hours, or 2.8 percent over production of the preceding fiscal year. Power produced at Corps of Engineers projects during the fiscal year was 3.7 percent of the total power and 21.7 percent of the hydroelectric power produced in the Nation. Chart V illustrates the trend of power produced at Corps of Engineers multiple- purpose projects during the past ten fiscal years.

3. ADDITIONAL CAPACITY SCHEDULED

As of June 30, 1967, the Corps of Engineers has scheduled for installation 716,300 kilowatts of generating capacity at three operating projects and 5,916,575 kilowatts of capacity at 23 projects under construction for a total capacity of 6,632,875 kilowatts. The additional capacity is listed by projects in C-4 and C-5, appendix C. Projects in operation and under construction have an ultimate generating capacity of 20,806,275 kilowatts. Capacity scheduled for operation in fiscal year 1968 is 495,000 kilowatts for a total of 10,065,400 kilowatts of capacity in operation by June 30, 1968. Chart VI shows the continuing increase in installed capacity at Corps of Engineers multiple-purpose projects for fiscal years 1962 through 1967, and scheduled for fiscal years 1968 and 1969.

4. WATER SUPPLY

About 4.4 million acre-feet of water supply storage space in 45 reservoirs supplements the water supplies for over 2 million people in about 100 cities, towns, and rural areas. This storage

28 CHAPTER V-HYDROELECTRIC POWER AND WATER SUPPLY provides the main water source for several communities. A dependable supply in excess of 3 billion gallons per day is avail-

HYDROELECTRIC POWER PRODUCTION

NET ANNUAL KILOWATT-HOURS 50

45 43.7 BILLION KWH-

\\-

\\'x.

------\- 22

-- - - 2-40

------

------20t

1958 190 195 161 162 963 196 1961 96 196 15

O 1958 1959 1960 1961 1962 1963 1964 1965 1966 1967

FISCAL YEARS

CHART V

29 REPORT OF THE CHIEF OF ENGINEERS, U.S. ARMY. 1967 able from storage space now in operation. There will be about 2.4 million acre-feet of additional domestic and industrial water supply storage in 23 reservoirs under construction.

HYDROELECTRIC GENERATING CAPACITY OPERATING AND SCHEDULED

10,986,900 kw 50 projects

11 10,065,400 kw 48 projects /

9,570,400 kw

46 projects 10 9,431,900 kw 45 projects

F 1 I a

0 1962 1963 1964 1965 1966 1967 1968 1969

FISCAL YEARS

CHART VI

30 CHAPTER IV-FLOOD CONTROL

Release of stored floodwaters for navigation, power generation, water quality control, and other useful purposes during normal low-water periods not only increase the quantities but also improve the quality of downstream flows, benefiting water supplies, recreation, fish and wildlife, and other values downstream. Provision is being made for the inclusion of nearly 690, 000 acre-feet of water quality control storage in 12 projects under construction. About 5.5 million acre-feet of storage is being utilized either exclusively for irrigation or jointly for irrigation and other purposes. Reservoirs under construction will provide almost 375,000 acre-feet of additional joint-use storage for irrigation and other purposes. Statistics on water supply and irrigation storage are tabulated in appendix C.

CHAPTER VI

ENVIRONMENTAL DEVELOPMENT

1. CONTRIBUTIONS TO AMERICAN BEAUTY PROGRAM

Natural beauty is now recognized as a natural resource which requires protection. When disturbed by man, it needs enhancement by processes of rehabilitation and sound management techniques. Beautification is considered from the beginning of the survey report and continues through all phases of planning and into the actual operation and maintenance of the project. A regulation on "Water Resource Policies and Authorities- Consideration of Aesthetic Values of Water Resource Develop- ment" serves as a planning guide. Environmental evaluation studies are being performed in the North Central and North Atlantic Divisions. The possibilities of having research done on criteria for better evaluating the environmental factors of proposed Corps projects also are being pursued. Increased emphasis is placed on appearance and setting of civil works projects, together with consideration of the functional and utilitarian features. The major project structures and related elements such as roads, visitor areas, and other elements which surround the projects are planned to be aesthetic assets to the region and the nation. Land is being acquired at reservoir projects to permit the retention or development of wooded waterside areas for recreation use. In wild and remote project areas, considerable land in addition to that required specifically for project purposes is purchased under sound real estate practices. This was found to be as economical as acquiring the real estate required specifically for project purposes and then paying severance damages on the remainder. These practices, not justified on the basis of beautification, will nevertheless contribute greatly to the project's scenic values. Flood control reservoirs-manmade lakes-are things of beauty in themselves. The reservoirs extend and enhance natural beauty while creating vast outdoor recreation opportunities. It is a Corps objective to further beautify its projects wherever possible with

33 REPORT OF THE CHIEF OF ENGINEERS, U.S. ARMY. 1967 appropriate landscape plantings. The record of such plantings accomplished in the Lower Mississippi Valley Division during the 1966-67 planting season illustrates this point. At Carlyle Reservoir project, Illinois, 317 trees were selected from project woodlands and mechanically moved to five unvegetated public access sites. These hardwood trees in sizes 7" to 9" diameter provide "instant" shade to picnic and camp sites. Another example of the magnitude of vegetative land treatment for erosion control, reforestation, creation of wind barriers, and scenic enhancement is the planting of 136,000 hardwood seedlings and an equal number of pine seedlings during this period at Enid Reservoir in Mississippi. Since initiation of the planting program, this Division's seedling plantings now total more than 14 million plants covering more than 18,000 acres of land. On a nationwide basis, reports from all Divisions for the period July 1966 to June 1967 showed small trees were planted for these purposes on 2,365 acres of Corps lands in 21 states. Not only are the tree plantings contributing to the beauty of the immediate surroundings, but silt is trapped, streams below dams are cleaner and flow is regulated to minimize the fluctuations that otherwise might leave ugly muddy shallows in the hot months when people generally seek recreation on the rivers. Flood control projects have brought about transformations in the appearance and value of the protected downstream flood plain. On the Missouri River, when channel cutoffs are built to eliminate sharp bends, the resulting oxbows are being stabilized and developed for public recreation use. In current developments, special attention is being given to minimizing or alleviating construction scars; screening unsightly areas, storage areas, and utility buildings by means of trees and shrubs; preserving and protecting historic structures and sites; and designing structures to harmonize architecturally with the environment. Navigation pools of canalized waterways with their attendant lock and dam structures contribute to the enjoyment of many admirers and students of water resource development projects. At the John Day Lock and Dam on the Columbia River, Oregon and Washington, now under construction, the landscape architect has developed planting plans for the visitor complexes at each end of the structure. An attractive landscaped visitors' overlook building is being constructed along the shore of the Arkansas River navigation project, Little Rock, Arkansas. In the interest of historic preservation, the old Dora Covered Bridge located within the impoundment area of Salamonie Re-

34 CHAPTER VI-ENVIRONMENTAL DEVELOPMENT servoir project, Indiana, was relocated in a public use area. The coastlines and beaches of the seas and of the Great Lakes constitute one of the Nation's greatest sources of beauty, recreation, and inspiration. Federal activities for the control of beach erosion and hurricane flooding are entrusted to the Corps of Engineers. The Corps makes technical studies of sea and shore phenomena required to devise effective beach protection programs and recommends projects in which a share of the cost is borne by the Federal government to prevent destruction of scenic and recreation values by storms. The Chief of Engineers' program of annual awards to recog- nize superior architecture, engineering, design, and the conservation of natural beauty was continued into the second year. This program was conceived to stimulate engineers, architects, and landscape architects in the achievement of finer aesthetic qualities in the design and construction of facilities built by the Corps. Those developments which won first place awards in 1967 for achievement in the fields of architecture, engineering and conservation of natural beauty were Indian Memorial at Ice Harbor Dam, Washington, Sam Rayburn Dam Outlet Works and Powerhouse project, Texas, and Alvin R. Bush Dam and Reservoir Project, Pennsylvania, respectively.

2. POLLUTION ABATEMENT

The major pollution problem facing the Corps is the disposal of sanitary and industrial wastes dredged from channels and harbors, particularly on the Great Lakes. While dredging operations do not result in the introduction of any new form of pollution to the waterways, removal of polluted material to another area may cause pollution where it did not previously exist. A Pilot Program was initiated in November 1966 to determine, with the aid of the Federal Water Pollution Control Ad- ministration and consultants, the effects on water quality of present dredging practices and to develop the most practicable methods for management of pollution problems related to dredging operations on the Great Lakes. The program includes an investigation of alternate disposal methods such as use of along-shore diked areas, disposal at some distance inland from the shore, treatment of dredged material, the porosity of containment material and the evaluation of the pollution abatement results. Samples are being taken of harbor waters, bottom sediments, and lake waters before, during and

35 REPORT OF THE CHIEF OF ENGINEERS, U.S. ARMY. 1967 after dredging to measure the degree and extent of pollution which might result from redistribution of polluted materials from harbors to disposal areas. Completion of the study is expected in fiscal year 1969. The results and findings of the Pilot Program will be applied to localities other than the Great Lakes area wherever appropriate. In a report to the Congress on the "Need for Improving Pro- cedures to Ensure Compliance with the Law Regarding Disposi- tion of Industrial Waste Solids into Navigable Waters," the Comptroller General of the United States recommended that the Secretary of the Army direct the Chief of Engineers to (1) identify industrial plants depositing waste solids in navigable waters, (2) provide a means for measuring the quantity of deposited waste solids and each plant's responsibility for its removal, (3) require the plants to either stop depositing waste solids or receive permission to continue depositing and participate in the cost of removal, and (4) take appropriate legal action against plants refusing to cooperate. In fiscal year 1967 the Corps undertook a survey of disposal practices of industrial facilities located on navigable waters over which the Secretary of the Army exercises jurisdiction to determine probable offenders. A number of Corps reservoir projects provide water quality control storage. Release of these stored flood waters for sundry purposes during normal low-water periods not only increases the quantity but also improves the quality of downstream flows with resulting benefits to water supply, fish and wildlife, and recreation. Installation of various types of sewage treatment plants- aerobic, maceration-chlorination, and incineration-was continued during fiscal year 1967 on Corps vessels operating in the navigable waters of the United States. Tests were conducted on the effectiveness of aerobic and heat accelerated aerobic diges- tion plants. In accordance with Executive Orders 11282 and 11288, up- dated plans for prevention, control, and abatement of pollution from existing civil works projects and activities were submitted to the Bureau of the Budget. In order to eliminate the air pollution problem arising from the open buying of harbor debris collected by the Corps in New York Harbor, the design of an overfire air pit incinerator was initiated in June 1967.

36 CHAPTER VII

RECREATION

In the development of its water resources program, the Corps has contributed to the Nation's outdoor recreation opportunities by creating vast expanses of water areas and many miles of shoreline. Its reservoirs alone store nearly one quarter billion acre-feet of water. Water is a prime factor in many recreation activities and these resources provide for the American people an enormous potential for outdoor recreation. Public-use visitation at reservoirs and certain waterway projects reported for calendar year 1966 increased to 193.4 million, a significant contrast to the 16 million annual attendance in 1950. An equal number are estimated to have visited the remaining unreported waterways and harbor projects. Our expanding population, with more leisure time, more purchasing power, and more mobility, continues to seek more opportunities to enjoy outdoor recreation. The new artificial lakes created through the construction of reservoirs afford the American people such opportunities. This is evidenced by the peak-day attendance of 5,252,400 persons using the facilities and 292,200 watercraft in operation in these waters. In almost all cases, peak attendance occurs during the summer months, although in parts of the country such as the Southeast, Gulf, and Southwest areas, and even to some extent in colder areas, recreation use is on a year- round basis. Recreation craft are also operating extensively on more than 20,000 miles of inland waterways that were once used primarily for commercial navigation. Over 250 small boat harbors have been developed with Federal assistance on the coasts, Great lakes, and inland waterways. Recreation has become so extensive a use of water resource projects that it can now be considered a factor in the economic justification for construction of multiple-purpose dams and reservoirs. The general policy followed in the past with respect to the installation of recreation facilities has been that the Federal government supply the basic requirements for public health and

37 REPORT OF THE CHIEF OF ENGINEERS, U.S. ARMY, 1967 safety, such as access roads, parking areas, water wells, sanitary facilities, boat launching ramps, camping areas, and picnicking facilities. As a cooperative venture, many of the states, counties, cities and communities actively participate in the funding, construction, and maintenance of public-use facilities at Corps projects. Uniform policies with respect to recreation and fish and wildlife benefits, and costs of Federal multipurpose water resource projects have been set out in the Federal Water Project Re- creation Act (P.L. 89-72) to guide the cost sharing of recreation facilities, thus encouraging greater non-Federal participation. The non-Federal interests have been further encouraged by the Land and Water Conservation Fund Act of 1965 (P.L. 88-578), which established a land and water conservation fund to assist the states and Federal agencies in meeting the outdoor recreation demand. In this respect entrance fees were in effect at 152 areas at 57 Corps projects in 1966 as a part of the Federal "Golden Eagle" program to charge at Federal areas sufficiently developed for recreation to warrant a fee. Revenues are deposited in the Land and Water Conservation Fund. Certain facilities and the necessary services are also provided on a commercial basis by concessionaires who engage in the rental and care of boats, and provision of food and overnight accommodations. In addition, quasi-public agencies are authorized to develop certain project areas, and many youth camps are sponsored by such agencies. About 240 of these camps are established on Corps reservoirs having lands available for such use.

Recreation facilities and use at civil works projects as reported for calendar year 1966: Reservoir access areas 2,935 Public launching lanes 4,500 Picnic areas 2,250 Swimming beaches ...... 615 Rental units and camping spaces 37,825 Organized camps 252 Rental boats operating in project area .-- 18,200 Pounds of sport fish reported caught in project waters 40,975,000

In order to provide for the record increase in family camping, additional camp spaces are constantly being made available. A great variety of camping equipment from station wagons to modern travel trailers permits families to enjoy the many activities available at Corps land and water areas. There are many outstanding public-use developments at the

38 CHAPTER VII-- RECREATION more than 300 water resources projects under the Corps program, with the attendance running over one million at each of 57 projects.

Ten Highest Attended Projects Lake Sidney Lanier (Buford Dam), Chattahoochee River, Ga. 8,803,300 Lake Texoma (Denison Dam), Red River, Okla. and Texas 8,287,400 Old Hickory Lock & Dam, Cumberland River, Tenn. and Ky. 5,273,100 Clark Hill Reservoir, Savannah River, S.C. and Ga. 4,722,900 Lake Cumberland (Wolf Creek Dam), Cumberland River, Ky. 4,684,400 Hartwell Reservoir, Savannah River, Ga. and S.C. 4,230,700 Allatoona Reservoir, Etowah River, Ga. 4,133,600 Lake O' the Pines (Ferrells Bridge Dam), Texas 4,092,930 Whitney Reservoir, Brazos River, Texas 3,377,700 Table Rock Reservoir, White River, Mo. and Ark. 3,217,000 Fish and wildlife. Hunting opportunities at Corps projects vary greatly from project to project. Many areas are open to quail, pheasant, and rabbit hunting, while at others there is deer hunting. Probably the largest number of hunters come for ducks and geese. Areas which are intensively used for general recreation are closed to hunting. Certain Federal and state refuges located at these projects are also closed to hunting. The many miles of shore and trail offer plenty of opportunity to those interested in nature studies. Fishing opportunities are available for both the skilled and unskilled fishermen at most reservoir projects.

CHAPTER VIII

RESEARCH AND DEVELOPMENT

The civil research program includes water resources research and oceanographic research activities. Principal research areas were aquatic plant control, coastal engineering research, engineering studies, fisheries engineering investigations, Great Lakes research, hydrologic studies (research only), hydrometeorological studies, participation in the International Hydrologic Decade, plan formulation and evaluation studies, and nuclear explosive studies for civil construction. Total funding for civil research was $7,934,000 for the fiscal year, of which $2,295,000 was applied to oceanographic research, $3,419,000 to water resources research, and $2,220,000 for nuclear explosives studies, which are classified as a part of water resources research. Technical progress and accomplishments in each of the principal areas listed above are described below. The Corps was represented on review committees of the Federal Council for Science and Technology and participated in the annual examinations of water resources and oceanographic research programs to coordinate and strengthen the related programs of the Federal agencies. Participation in information retrieval and research cataloging activities of the Science Information Exchange and the Depart- ment of Interior's Office of Water Resources Research has been continued by the Corps.

1. AQUATIC PLANT CONTROL

As a part of the general aquatic plant control program in the southeastern United States and along the Gulf coast, the Corps is engaged in studies leading to more effective means for combating the spread of water-hyacinth, alligator-weed, and other obnoxious growths in the watercourses. In cooperation with the Departments of Agriculture, Interior, and Health, Education, and Welfare, State agencies, educational institutions, and private industries, the Corps is conducting field experiments on the

41 REPORT OF THE CHIEF OF ENGINEERS, U.S. ARMY, 1967 aquatic plant control problem, including mechanical and chemical control methods. During fiscal year 1967, work was continued in testing mechanical equipment and available chemicals with regard to their applicability and effect on aquatic plants, with followup tests on those showing a possibility of being suitable for aquatic plant control. Chemical controls producing good resutts in laboratory and small-scale tests were further tested under field conditions on a much broader scale. Even though some tests show good results in controlling alligator-weed, no conclusion was drawn as to a positive control. The Agasicles no sp. flea was outstandingly successful in the control of aquatic alligator- weed in Florida.

2. COASTAL ENGINEERING RESEARCH

During the fiscal year the Coastal Engineering Research Center conducted studies concerning the characteristics of ocean waves by actual measurement at a number of localities; sources of beach material; wave runup and overtopping on shore structures; propagation and effect of secondary waves; study of long-shore currents; stability of rubblemound structures; relation of littoral drift rate to incident waves; amount of suspended sand in the surf zone; model scale effects; adaptations of the wave spectrum analyses to laboratory and full field use; use of radioactive and fluorescent tracers in beach studies; beach deformation under wave action; use of offshore borrow material for beachfills; re-examination of completed shore protection projects; relation of edge waves and cusps; and breaker characteristics and wave setup. A major effort was involved in a geophysical and geological search for offshore bottom materials that would be suitable for beach use along the Atlantic Coast, and in a study of methods to get this material onshore. Research to supplement staff activities was carried out at 10 universities under 17 contracts and with 6 commercial firms. Funds were also provided the Waterways Experiment Station to assist in completion of construction of facilities and planning for the general coastal inlet studies.

3. ENGINEERING STUDIES

Under this program, work on 75 research projects was conducted during the fiscal year. These projects cover seven fields of research, which are studying improvements in procedures for

42 CHAPTER VIII --RESEARCH AND DEVELOPMENT the analysis of hydrologic and engineering data, refinement in design methods, and the development of better materials and practices to be utilized in the construction and maintenance of hydraulic structures. The total program cost for the fiscal year was $1,756,153, of which about 74.4 percent was expended by the waterways Ex- periment Station, 9.8 percent by the Hydrologic Engineering Center, 3.1 percent by the Coastal Engineering Research Center, and the remainder by division and district officers. One engineering study was completed during the year. In addition, 17 substudies under continuing research projects were completed and 51 technical research documents were published to provide significant results for interim use prior to final completion of the entire investigation project. Structural field. Research was performed to improve the durability of paint applied to hydraulic structures and to evaluate methods of spray application of the protective coatings; to evaluate performance and to develop improvements in prestressed and reinforced concrete elements exposed to hydraulic environments; to develop improved materials specifications and test methods of waterstops; to develop shear evaluation methods and criteria for weak rock foundations; and to develop improved techniques for investigation of stresses in mass concrete structures by means of model studies. Through the Reinforced Con- crete Research Council, the Corps participated in investigations at the University of Washington on web reinforcement for concrete structural members subject to combined bending and axial loads. Hydrology field. The mitjor portion of research in this field concerned studies to improve current methods and to develop new techniques and procedures in assembly, analysis, and application of hydrologic data. Electronic computer programs were being developed and tested at the Hydrologic Engineering Center as a means of simulating variable sequences of hydrologic events of variable magnitude; computer manuals were published and issued to interested groups; studies were continued at the Center pertaining to development of reliable and usable methods of establishing flood probabilities and low flow probabilities; and rainfall-runoff relationships were analyzed in Hawaii for use in developing hydrologic criteria for the Islands. New and improved hydrologic equipment was also being developed. Significant progress was achieved on the studies related to simulation of daily and monthly streamflows and on development of an automatic optimization procedure suitable for electronic computers. Suf-

43 REPORT OF THE CHIEF OF ENGINEERS, U.S. ARMY, 1967 ficient data have been observed at the streamflow and rainfall gages in Hawaii to permit the development of preliminary rainfall runoff relationships. Electrical and mechanical field. Corrosion mitigation studies were made to develop criteria and techniques for protection of submerged or buried components of civil works projects. The current program of investigation of sheet piling in fresh water structures is nearing completion and a start was made on investigations of steel piling and prestressed concrete piling in salt water. A study of the corrosion resistance of aluminum culverts in underground exposure was continued on a limited scale. Soil mechanics field. Research in the field of basic soils characteristics resulted in information for more rational design of high rockfill dams and in a clearer understanding of the reaction of very weak saturated clays to sampling and test methods. Re- search in design of earth and rockfill dams included that of soil testing methods and of the results obtained, study of theoretical design methods and examination and improvement of construction practices. Drafting of manuals on earth dam instrumentation and stability analyses were underway. Reports on construction methods and prototype data were compiled and distributed for design use. Evaluation of selected soil testing equipment was accomplished as a part of a group of field sampling and laboratory testing equipment studies. Work was also done on development of a special annular shear device for testing of clay and clay-shales; and information was gathered for a new manual covering all the best modern methods of drilling and sampling used in sub-surface exploration. Geology field. Research effort was continued on grouting studies to develop more effective and more economic foundation consolidating grouts and grouting methods. Studies were aimed at developing information on the use of existing and new chemical solutions for reducing seepage and increasing the strength of soils and finely fractured rocks. Rock mechanics studies to determine the practical significance of rock joints and fractures of all types in the design of open excavation slopes and of surface and underground engineering structures were underway, together with research to devise means for determining rational design strengths for jointed rock foundations. These studies are providing better understanding of and design criteria for rock masses in dam foundations, in tunnels, and in cut slopes in channels. Concrete field. Investigations were concerned with the serviceability, safety, durability, economy, and appearance of concrete

44 CHAPTER VIII- RESEARCH AND DEVELOPMENT structures. Emphasis is on mass concrete because (1) a large part of the concrete placed in civil works construction is mass concrete, and (2) very few laboratories are equipped for research in mass concrete. Serviceability studies include development of techniques for producing and placing mass concrete free of tensile stresses which produce cracking. Such stresses are minimized by improving volume stability of concrete and controlling the temperature gradient as it cools. A significant advance in the understanding of durability of concrete was made, resulting in a change in Corps construction criteria. The resistance of concrete to freezing in the saturated condition was shown to be related to the strength of concrete when first exposed to freezing. There were several developments which will lead to improved concrete surfaces. These include methods for treating form lum- ber and for consolidating concrete adjacent to forms. New materials investigated included adhesives for repairing concrete and expansive cement for compensating for drying shrinkage. Hydraulics field. Investigations in this field concerned harbors and shore protection, dams and flood channels, navigation locks, and instrumentation. Studies were made of the shoaling processes; the effectiveness of various types of groins, jetties, and rubble-mound break-waters; maintenance dredging techniques; shore protection by sand dune stabilization and growth by sand fences and vegetation; and shore protection by beach fill. The research on dam and flood channels established improved and new design criteria for and verifying prototypes operation of spillways, outlet sluices, gates, stilling basins, natural river channels, and high velocity flood control channels. Development tests of a longitudinal floor culvert system for 1,200-foot navigation locks were performed. In the area of instrumentation, development of a water level indicator for prototype lock tests and a device for determining surface roughness for hydraulic structures was well underway.

4. FISHERIES ENGINEERING INVESTIGATIONS

A program of fisheries engineering research initiated in 1951 to determine the most efficient and economical design for structures and facilities for upstream passage of anadromous fish at dams in the Columbia River basin was continued. Current studies have been oriented primarily to problems in the passing of young fish moving downstream through turbines, and in collecting fish

45 REPORT OF THE CHIEF OF ENGINEERS, U.S. ARMY, 1967 at the upstream face of dams and guiding their movement into safe passageways.

5. GREAT LAKES RESEARCH

The Great Lakes Research Center, which was established during the latter part of fiscal year 1966 as a major element of the U.S. Lake Survey District, continued the recently expanded program of scientific data collection and research activity concerning the Great Lakes during fiscal year 1967. The research program is designed to support the Corps mission in the Great Lakes area by providing specific solutions to engineering problems. All research investigations are closely coordinated with other agencies and educational institutions engaged in related work. The research program comprises five separate fields. Water motion. This program is designed to develop statistics and charts showing wave, seiche, and current data. The wave charts are required by engineers to design harbor structures, by ship masters to select the best courses for navigation, and by naval architects for the design of new ships. Shore processes. This program has the immediate objective of assisting construction districts in determining the cause of shoaling in navigation channels and harbors which require frequent and costly dredging, and of investigating locations of beach replenishment material. The long range objective is to develop an understanding of the energy-sediment relationships which result in littoral transport. Water characteristics. The increased industrial and domestic water usage is changing the water characteristics of the Great Lakes. Information on changes of water characteristics is being collected by an oceanographic-type research vessel. In the future, Lake Survey plans to establish permanent indicator stations in each lake to replace the continuous research vessel operation. Water quantity. At present only the outflows of Lake Superior and Lake Ontario are regulated, although the possibility of regulating the remaining lakes is being studied. In order to provide maximum benefits through lake regulation to navigation, power interests, and riparian users, long-range forecasts of water supplies are needed. Studies were continued for determination of the amount and means of measuring the amount of precipitation over Lakes Michigan and Erie and determination of the evaporation from Lakes Michigan and Superior.

46 CHAPTER VIII -RESEARCH AND DEVELOPMENT

Ice and snow. The present program is designed to develop information which will permit a modest extension of the navigation season. The long-range objective is to develop an understanding of ice and snow phenomena in the Great Lakes basin. For a detailed report of operations conducted by the U.S. Lake Survey, see volume 2.

6. HYDROLOGIC STUDIES

The Hydrologic Studies program of the Corps of Engineers includes essential studies of major storms, sedimentation, streamflow and rainfall data and general hydrologic problems. The results of the studies are used by field offices for the optimum design, construction and operation of water control structures. Funds of $196,000 were appropriated for these hydrologic studies in fiscal year 1967.

7. HYDROMETEOROLOGICAL STUDIES

These activities carried out by the Weather Bureau with funds made available by the Corps are described under "Collection and Study of Basic Data." Approximately one-half of these funds are applied to the development and refinement of general theoretical concepts relating to maximum precipitation criteria used for planning and design. This portion of the activity is considered to be a research function.

8. INTERNATIONAL HYDROLOGICAL DECADE

The Corps of Engineers continued to participate in the Inter- national Hydrological Decade (IHD), which began in January 1965. Under the sponsorship of United Nations Educational, Sci- entific, and Cultural Organization (UNESCO), IHD is a program of many countries working together to advance their knowledge and enlarge the scope of the information they have, individually and collectively, to meet the rapidly increasing problems of water planning and management. United States support of the plan has been pledged by the President. The IHD program involves consideration of problems associated with evaluating the entire picture of global water circula- tion. These studies involve five major types of activities: networks of data observations; inventories of streams, lakes and glaciers; research; education and training; and exchange of information and supporting activities.

47 REPORT OF THE CHIEF OF ENGINEERS, U.S. ARMY, 1967

In fiscal year 1967, the Corps of Engineers contributed to the IHD program through the continued development of generalized procedures for the hydrologic design of water resources projects and soil moisture-runoff relationships. In addition, the Corps transferred funds to the State Department in support of activities of the U.S. National Committee.

9. PLAN FORMULATION AND EVALUATION STUDIES

Impact of water resource development on ecolomic growth. Under a pair of related and closely coordinated research contracts with the Washington University at St. Louis and with North Carolina State of the University of North Carolina at Raleigh, investigation s were continued on the impact of water resource development on economic growth. This composite research project is aimed at formulating concepts and techniques for determining the extent to which investments in water resource development contribute to national, regional, and local economic growth. These studies are expected to provide insights in the formulation and evaluation of the comprehensive resources plan for Appalachia and additional future regional development programs. Economic evaluation of navigation imtprovenents. A research contract was underway with Northwestern University for studies aimed at strengthening the evaluation of benefits from improvements for waterborne navigation by developing data and techniques for properly measuring the savings in transportation costs for movements by waterway. National Academy of Sciences Committee on Water. In con- junction with several other Federal water resources agencies, the Corps continued its support of the Ad Hoc Committee on Water established by the National Academy of Sciences-National Research Council. This Committee is composed of persons from within and outside of the Federal government who are actively engaged in water resources research, planning, management, and education. Having completed its first report on "Alternatives in Water Management," the Committee has been considering how the principles outlined in this report could be applied to a specific case of comprehensive major river basin planning. Influence of agricultural land valuies of improved utilization through flood protection. The Economic Research Service of the Department of Agriculture is undertaking this study for the Corps. It will investigate the nature and relationships between

48 CHAPTER VIII RESEARCH AND DEVELOPMENT agricultural land values and flood risks as a feasible basis for determining flood control benefits. If this methodology proves effective, it will significantly reduce the efforts now required for the determination of agricultural flood control benefits. Recreation design criteria and demand. Under the direction of OCE, Sacramento District commenced study of how the Corps can most effectively plan to meet public demand for new recreation areas and increasingly heavy visitation pressures at existing projects. The study will also determine the optimal physical design or layout for recreation facilities. Analysis has begun on data collected at 51 Corps projects and 6 California State projects. Evaluation of physical and economic effects of impoundments and releases on upstream and downstream water quality. This study will improve the criteria for the planning, design, and operation of reservoirs for water quality control and provide improved methods for evaluating water quality benefits. The Sport Fishing Institute, as contractor for the biological-ecologi- cal-economic aspects of the study, is evaluating the effects of water releases from various reservoir depths on water quality, fish population, and fishing in reservoirs and tailwater at selected facilities. The North Pacific Division is making a 5-year engineering study to determine the functional requirements and criteria for use in planning, design, and operation of a reservoir for optimal water quality.

10. NUCLEAR EXPLOSIVE STUDIES FOR CIVIL CONSTRUCTION

The U.S. Army Engineer Nuclear Cratering Group (NCG) continued its joint program with the U.S. Atomic Energy Com- mission (AEC) to develop the capability to apply nuclear excavation techniques to Civil Works. The major cratering events conducted by NCG in fiscal year 1967 were the Pre-Gondola 1 and II experiments conducted in weak wet shale at Ft. Peck, Montana. Pre-Gondola I, consisting of four 2 0 -ton high explosive point charge detonations, was executed in October and November 1966 to provide design information for Pre-Gondola II and III. Pre-Gondola II, a 140-ton high explosive row charge, was executed on June 28, 1967 and created a channel shaped cut 550) feet long, 175 feet wide and 45 feet deep. The Zulu series of laboratory crater modeling tests at the one pound level were continued to determine the effects of varying geometry on crater dimensions. A one year contract with Duke TUniversity was initiated to investigate cratering phe-

49 REPORT OF THE CHIEF OF ENGINEERS, U.S. ARMY. 1967 nomenology using gram-size charges and half space techniques. Site selection investigations were made for a variety of planned major events. These included a hard dry rock varying terrain row experiment, a nuclear quarrying development, and a series of high explosive tests in sandstone. Much effort was devoted during the year to studies of the feasibility of using nuclear explosives in specific project applications. These included final reports on the Tennessee-Tombigbee Waterway (Mobile District), Camelsback Dam (Los Angeles District), Chomly Cutoff (Alaska District), Kuanakakai Harbor (Honolulu District), Shelter Cove Harbor (San Francisco Dis- trict) and Bruneau Canyon Dam (Walla Walla District). In addition, study reports were made on three projects considered potential sites for nuclear quarries. These projects were Buchanan Dam (Sacramento District), Twin Springs Dam (Walla Walla District) and Cochiti Dam (Albuquerque District). The studies have been sent to appropriate AEC offices for nuclear safety analysis. Investigation of engineering properties of nuclear craters continued during the year. Waterways Experiment Station contin- uied its work on various phases of analyzing slope stability. Massachusetts Institute of Technology completed a report on long-term strength of weak shales, and Duke University completed its investigation of pore water pressures. Extensive pre-shot investigations of the sites for nuclear events Cabriolet and Buggy I were carried out. During the year, NCG made significant contributions to the Interoceanic Canal Studies, including the publishing of preliminary designs for nuclear excavation of Routes 17 and 25.

50 CHAPTER IX

PLANNING

The planning activity of the Corps of Engineers provides the foundation for the Civil Works Program. Basically it involves the determination of immediate and long-term water resource development needs together with formulation of a sound design for meeting those needs in an orderly, efficient, and timely manner within the constraints and controls set by Congress. Included are studies ranging from consideration of a relatively local navigation, flood control, or beach erosion control improvement to consideration of a comprehensive plan of development of water and related land resources of a major river basin involving improvements under the programs of other Federal agencies coordinated through the Water Resources Council. Good planning provides for avoidance of wastefulness of over- utilization of resources in point of time, location, and amount, and the detriment to progress attendant upon underutilization with respect to the same indices. Our water and related land resources must serve an array of domestic, municipal, industrial, agricultural and other human activities ranging from the siting of homes to satisfaction of aesthetic needs. Where conflicts exist, they must be resolved by reasoned choice.

1. PLANNING, PROGRAMMING, BUDGETING SYSTEM (PPBS)

In October 1965, the President directed the introduction of an integrated Planning, Programming and Budgeting System in the Executive Branch. The Secretary of the Army, upon receipt of this directive, convened a task force to outline the general concepts and framework of the PPB system for the Civil Works activities of the Corps of Engineers. The Secretary of the Army, on December 27, 1965, furnished to the Chief of Engineers the outline of the PPB system developed by this task force and directed that the system be used in the preparation of the fiscal year 1968 budget. The system, as initially defined, provided for: 1. A comprehensive, multi-year program and financial plan to express objectives and planned accomplishments for a 10-year period.

51 REPORT OF THE CHIEF OF ENGINEERS, U.S. ARMY, 1967

2. A program memorandum containing an evaluation and justification for the planned program level, explicit consideration of alternative programs and a summary of relevant portions of the program and financial plan. 3. Greater formalization and more explicit consideration of alternatives in the planning process. The program and financial plan and the program memorandum were submitted to the Bureau of the Budget in support of the fiscal year 1968 budget. Since the consideration of alternatives involved significant departure from existing practices, a decision was made to test the new concepts on the on-going Susquehanna Basin study. Upon completion of that study, the procedures, modified as necessary, will be applied to planning activities throughout the Corps.

2. COMPREHENSIVE STUDIES

Interagency studies of water and related land resources. The Water Resources Council, created in 1965 by Public Law 89-80, assumed the sponsorship of the Coordinated Comprehensive River Basin Planning Study Program previously sponsored by an ad hoc interagency council. The Department of the Army, acting through the Corps of Engineers, actively participates in that coordinated interagency study program. The first funds for this program were made available in fiscal year 1963 on the basis of coordinated interagency budgets for studies in the program. During the fiscal year the Corps participated in 23 of these studies. Funds of $7,028,000 were appropriated in fiscal year 1967 for Corps offices to continue these studies. Northeastern United States Water Supply Study. In accordance with section 101, Public Law 89-298, the Corps of Engi- neers is authorized to make a study of the metropolitan water supply problems of Northeastern United States and the major facilities required to solve these problems. Funds of $325,000 were appropriated for initiating this study in fiscal year 1967. Comprehensive Water Resources Survey for Appalachia. Pur- suant to section 206 of the Appalachian Regional Development Act (P.L. 89-4), the Corps of Engineers is preparing a comprehensive plan for the development of the water and related land resources of the Appalachian Region, encompassing parts of 12 states and all of West Virginia. The legislation establishes new dimensions for water resources planning in that it requires that special attention be

52 CHAPTER IX-PLANNING given to planning the projects in coordination with other economic development programs in order to stimulate economic growth of a large region of the country. The Corps Office of Appalachian Studies at Cincinnati, Ohio, is conducting the study, with participation by twelve Corps districts in four divisions, concerned Federal and state agencies and the Appalachian Re- gional Commission. New procedures for measuring the economic impact of water resources projects are being devised. The study is well advanced and is scheduled for completion in 1968.

3. INVESTIGATIONS AND REPORTS

Specific projects and systems of projects for development of water and related land resources are investigated for engineering and economic feasibility in studies and investigations specifically directed by the Congress. During the fiscal year, the Public Works Committees of Con- gress adopted 82 resolutions requesting review of previous reports on proposed river and harbor, flood control and related improvements. In addition, 14 studies were authorized by the River and Harbor and Flood Control Act of 1966. At the beginning of the fiscal year, about 1,000 investigations were outstanding in the field offices of the Corps. The status of reports processed during the year is summarized below:

Reports transmitted to-- Number Congress 106 Bureau of the Budget 102 State and Federal agencies 76 Office of the Chief of Engineers 75 Total actions 359

4. REVIEW BY BOARD OF ENGINEERS FOR RIVERS AND HARBORS One of the duties of the Board of Engineers for Rivers and Harbors, as specified by law, is to conduct an independent review and make recommendations to the Chief of Engineers concerning reports prepared by various Corps offices as to the advisability of water resource development improvements. As a part of the planning process, the Board held five meetings of 1 to 2 days duration in Washington. The Board considered 98 reports, acted favorably on 36, unfavorably on 43, deferred action on 2, and returned 17 to the reporting officers for further consideration. The Board recommended construction of projects

53 REPORT OF THE CHIEF OF ENGINEERS, U.S. ARMY, 1967 totaling $2,485,559,500, of which $2,200,559,000 was estimated U.S. cost and $285,000,500 the cost to local interests for work and cash contributions.

5. PROJECT AUTHORIZATION

The River and Harbor and Flood Control Act of 1966 authorized 42 Corps projects or project modifications having an estimated Federal cost of $670,235,000. This includes 27 flood control or multiple-purpose projects at a cost of $645,352,000; 11 navigation projects at a cost of $17,872,000; and 4 beach erosion control projects at a cost of $7,011,000.

6. ADVANCE ENGINEERING AND DESIGN

A backlog of projects ready for initiation of construction is in preparation to allow inclusion as the national budgetary policy permits, and to assure the development of a sound and well- balanced program consistent with the Nation's needs. This preparation includes firm cost estimates, construction schedules, and detail for coordination with local interests. With $23,512,588 made available, together with funds carried over from prior years, planning was prosecuted on 189 projects, consisting of 43 navigation, 138 flood control, 7 multiple-purpose projects, and one beach erosion control project. Planning on 68 of these projects was advanced to the stage where construction could be readily initiated. Funds of $20,458,189, representing approximately 71 percent of the total available, were obligated.

7. INTERNATIONAL BOUNDARY WATERS International boundary water studies, United States and Canada: Pursuant to the treaty of 1909 between the United States and Great Britain, the International Joint Commission was organized in 1911. In general, the Commission exercises jurisdiction over matters involving the use, obstruction, or diversion of boundary waters. When such matters are assigned by the respective governments to the Commission for investigation and/or resolution, they are generally designated as "Refer- ences." In order to carry out U.S. obligations under international agreements, several divisions and districts of the Corps, having jurisdiction over areas bordering Canada, participated in a num-

54 CHAPTER IX-PLANNING ber of engineering and control boards functioning under the International Joint Commission. Funds of $104,000 appropriated for this purpose in fiscal year 1967 were made available to respective Corps offices to continue this important function. The Corps continued participation as a member of the following boards established by the Commission. International Pembina River Engineering Board was appointed in June 1962 to investigate and report upon what measures could be taken to develop the water resources of the Pembina River in North Dakota and Manitoba. The members appointed to the Board formerly served in a similar capacity on the Inter- national Souris-Red Rivers Engineering Board. The Board submitted its report, dated December 31, 1964, to the Commission. Later the Commission, with the Board in attendance, held putiblic hearings in June 1965 in the Province of Manitoba and State of North Dakota to receive the views of all interests with respect to the information and conclusions in the Board's report. The Commission has the matter under advisement. International St. Croix River Engineering Board was appointed in September 1955 to determine if further development of the water resources of the St. Croix would be practicable and in the public interest. After submission of the Board's report in September 1957 the Commission sent its report to the two governments on October 7, 1959. During the interim and at the request of the Commission, the Board has been conducting field surveys to determine the degree and extent of pollution in the river. In April 1965 the Commission requested the Board to review the application of the St. Croix Paper Co. (Georgia- Pacific Corp.) for permission to reconstruct a company-owned dam crossing the river between Vanceboro, Maine, and St. Croix, New Brunswick. On October 15, 1965, the Commission approved the application. The reconstruction of the dam at Vanceboro, Maine, was completed in December 1966. As the In- ternational St. Croix River Board of Control and the Advisory Board on Pollution Control were in a position to report on all engineering and pollution matters likely to come before the In- ternational Joint Commission, the Commission in October 1966 disbanded the International St. Croix River Engineering Board. International Saint John River Engineering Board was appointed in October 1950 to determine if the waters of the Saint John River system could be more beneficially conserved and regulated. The Board's report was submitted to the Commission in April 1953. It outlined several projects, the development of which would be practical and in the public interest. The Corn-.

55 REPORT OF THE CHIEF OF ENGINEERS, U.S. ARMY, 1967 mission submitted its interim report to the two governments in April 1954. Since then the services of the Board have been re- tained to advise the Commission, keeping the latter informed on any resource developments being undertaken or proposed by entities in either country. International Champlain Waterway Board was appointed in October 1962 to examine and report upon the feasibility and economic advantages of improving or developing a waterway from the St. Lawrence River through Lake Champlain to the Hudson River at Albany, N.Y. The Board submitted its report dated June 30, 1965, to the Commission. In January 1966 the Board, at the request of the Commission, submitted a supplement to its report of June 30, 1965. On May 17 and 18, 1966, the Com- mission held final public hearings at St. Jean, Quebec, and Burlington, Vt. On April 21, 1967, the Commission submitted its report to the two governments concluding that an improved waterway for the purposes of commercial navigation was not economically feasible. International Great Lakes Levels Board was appointed in De- cember 1964 to act as principal advisor to the Commission and to organize the detailed technical studies required to determine if measures within the Great Lakes Basin to regulate further the levels of the Great Lakes would be practicable and in the public interest. The Board, in January 1965, appointed a working committee to undertake the required technical studies. The Com- mission, with Board and working committee representatives in attendance, held two meetings with the State and Provincial representatives in January and February 1965 and held a series of four public hearings in the United States and Canada in May 1965 to afford interested officials and individuals an opportunity to present their views concerning lake regulation. The Board is continuing its comprehensive investigation and is scheduled to submit its report to the Commission in October 1970. International Boundary and Water Commission, United States and Mexico, was established pursuant to the Water Treaty of 1944 with Mexico, which deals with the utilization of waters of the Colorado and Tijuana Rivers and the Rio Grande. Falcon Dam on the Rio Grande, 130 miles upstream from Brownsville, Texas, was the lowermost and first to be built (completed in 1953) of the international storage dams provided for by the water treaty. Amistad Dam, on the Rio Grande 290 river-miles upstream from Falcon Dam, is under construction, and is scheduled to be completed in 1969. Columbia River Treaty Permanent Engineering Board. Under

56 CHAPTER IX-PLANNING provisions of the Columbia River Treaty of January 17, 1961, between the United States and Canada, the two governments announced the appointment of this four-man Engineering Board in December 1964. A representative of the Corps serves as Chairman of the U.S. section of the Board. One of the functions of the Board is to keep the two governments informed as to the results being achieved and to assure that the Treaty objectives are being met.

8. COLLECTION AND STUDY OF BASIC DATA

The collection and study of basic data are indispensable to the planning, design, and operation of river basin projects in development of the Nation's water resources. The major portion of this type of activity involving the Corps of Engineers is done by other Federal agencies under cooperative arrangements. The cooperative programs pertaining to the observation, compilation and publication of data on streamflow, rainfall, and wildlife resources are carried on at the request of the Corps and are financed by transfer of funds. Cooperative Programs with the U.S. Weather Bureau. The Hydroclimatic Network of recording rainfall gages was operated by the U.S. Weather Bureau at the request of the Corps. The objective of this program is to supplement the Weather Bureau network of meteorological stations with additional precipitation stations to provide the Corps of Engineers with adequate data for planning purposes. Funds of $731,575 were transferred to the Weather Bureau in fiscal year 1967. These funds include costs for 100 new digital-type rainfall gages to replace the reconnaissance-type gages that have been in operation for a number of years. A total of 2,841 stations (2,396 recording) were in operation under this program on December 31, 1967. The data are published by the Weather Bureau in "Hourly Precipitation Data" and "Climatological Data" issued monthly by states. The Hydrometeorological Branch of the Weather Bureau continued during the fiscal year to review meteorological aspects of the Corps storm study program, to prepare estimates of probable maximum precipitation for use in engineering studies and to develop hurricane wind charts along the Texas Coast in support of hurricane protection studies. Funds of $164,300 were made available to the Weather Bureau to finance this program in fiscal year 1967. Accomplishments during the year included continuation of exploratory studies to develop generalized estimates of probable maximum precipitation for the Southwest states; study

57 REPORT OF THE CHIEF OF ENGINEERS. U.S. ARMY. 1967 of frequency distribution of hurricane rainfall along the Gulf of Mexico; development of meteorological parameters for two major hurricane protection project studies; determination of probable maximum precipitation for Atrato Basin, Colombia, for use in interoceanic canal route studies; additional progrses made toward determining seasonal variation of large area probable maximum precipitation in eastern United States; and other investigations and activities including preparation of technical papers for publication and training of foreign students in hydrometeorological methods. The thirty-six River and Rainfall Reporting Networks were continued in cooperation with the U.S. Weather Bureau to provide timely reports of rainfall and river stages for flood fore- casting in connection with the operation of Corps water resources projects. Funds of $191,000 were transferred to the Weather Bureau in fiscal year 1967 for this program. Cooperative Stream Gaging Program with the U.S. Geological Survey. The U.S. Geological Survey continued the cooperative stream gaging program as required by the Corps. Funds of $2,459,800 were transferred to the Geological Survey at Wash- ington level for construction, maintenance and operation of about 2,403 stations during the fiscal year. Data from these stations and others are published by the Geological Survey in a series of "Surface Water Records" issued annually for each state. Corps of Engineers Streao flow and Rainfall Data. The Corps independently operates a limited number of rainfall and stream gaging stations for special purposes. Data from these stations are published by the Corps, the U.S. Geological Survey, the U.S. Weather Bureau, or are maintained in field office files. (See Re- search and Development, Hydrologic Studies.)

9. STUDIES BY THE U.S. FISH AND WILDLIFE SERVICE

Funds were made available to the Fish and Wildlife Service for continuation of a study of the effects of Corps projects upon fish and wildlife resources and for enhancement of these resources, in accordance with the Fish and Wildlife Coordination Act (P.L. 85-624). A total of $441,000 was transferred to the Fish and Wildlife Service from appropriations for "General In- vestigations of the Corps of Engineers." Data from these studies and recommendations by the Service are incorporated into the survey reports of the Corps submitted to the Congress. In addition, $550,000 from Corps of Engineers "Construction, General"

58 CHAPTER IX-PLANNING appropriations were transferred to the Fish and Wildlife Service to continue the study of and further define fish and wildlife requirements for authorized Corps projects.

CHAPTER X

LEGISLATIVE DEVELOPMENTS

1. NEW LEGISLATION

Public Laws enacted during fiscal year 1967 of significance to Civil Works, in addition to the Annual Appropriation Act, included those establishing the Department of Transportation and transferring certain bridge and other regulatory functions from the Secretary of the Army to the Secretary of Transportation (P.L. 89-670); amending the Federal Water Pollution Control Act and transferring responsibilities and functions under the Oil Pollution Act, 1924, from the Secretary of the Army to the Secretary of the Interior (P.L. 89-753); and authorizing new projects and studies in the River and Harbors and Flood Control Act of 1966 (P.L. 89-789).

2. WATERWAY TRANSPORTATION IMPROVEMENTS

Section 7(a) of the Department of Transportation Act (P.L. 89-670) provided that the standards and criteria for economic evaluation of water resources shall be developed by the Water Resources Council, and defined, for this purpose, the primary direct navigation benefits of a water resource project. Section 7(b) stated requirements for reporting by proposing agencies with reference to transportation improvements.

3. WATER QUALITY CONTROL

Executive Order 11288, dated July 2, 1966, reassigned to the Secretary of the Interior all water pollution control functions formerly assigned to the Secretary of Health, Educaton and Welfare. This Executive Order, which superseded EO 11258, November 17, 1965, again stated the national policy set forth in the former Order that the heads of departments, agencies, and establishments of the Executive Branch shall provide leadership in the nationwide effort to improve water quality through prevention, control and abatement of water pollution from Federal Government activities in the United States.

61 REPORT OF THE CHIEF OF ENGINEERS. U.S. ARMY, 1967

The Clean Water Restoration Act of 1966 (P.L. 89-753) was significant in at least two respects: first, it extended the comprehensive river basin concept used in the planning and construction of water resource development projects to include the control and abatement of pollution in rivers, streams and estuaries; second, it extended the application of the Oil Pollution Act, 1924, to include inland navigable waters in addition to the Territorial Sea and Coastal navigable waters and the adjoining shorelines.

4. FLOOD PLAIN MANAGEMENT

On August 10, 1966, the President issued Executive Order No. 11296 directing Federal agencies to consider flood hazards in locating new Federal installations and in disposing of Federal land. Section 3 of the Executive Order directs the Secretary of the Army to provide information on flood hazards and flood proofing to other Federal agencies for all areas other than the Tennessee River basin. The flood plain management services program of the Corps of Engineers was expanded in partial im- plementation of the August 1966 report of the Task Force on Federal Flood Control Policy entitled "A Unified National Program for Managing Flood Losses" (House Document No. 465, 89th Congress). Section 206 of the Flood Control Act of 1966 (P.L. 89-789) made the flood plain information program applicable to Federal agencies as well as to states and local interests, centralized study authority in the Corps of Engineers, and permitted the Chief of Engineers to furnish certain technical services for purposes of planning land use regulation.

5. REIMBURSEMENT OF NON-FEDERAL EXPENDITURES

On January 31, 1967, the Secretary of the Army, pursuant to Section 314 of the River and Harbor Act of 1965 (P.L. 89-298) submitted to the Congress a report of the Chief of Engineers on a study of the need for, and the feasibility of, the Federal Gov- ernment reimbursing states, political subdivisions thereof, and other public entities for certain expenditures made by them in connection with water resource development projects authorized as Federal undertakings. The Secretary agreed with the general conclusion that legislative consideration should be given to a limited reimbursement authority, applicable uniformly to all

62 CHAPTER X LEGISLATIVE DEVELOPMENTS

Federal water projects constructed by the Corps of Engineers. This report, printed as Senate document No. 10, 90th Congress, 1st Session, was referred to the Senate Public Works Committee. Draft legislation was submitted to the Bureau of the Budget for consideration.

6. REVIEW OF LEGISLATION

The Secretary of the Army was called upon by Committees of the Congress to submit his views on numerous legislative proposals pertaining to the development, use or preservation of water and related land resources. The Office, Chief of Engineers assisted in the preparation of the Secretary's reports on these proposals. The Civil Works Directorate and the General Counsel's Office also participated at the request of the Bureau of the Budget in the formulation of similar legislative proposals being considered for submission to Congress by the Executive Branch.

7. CODIFICATION OF LAWS

Work continued within the office of the General Counsel on the draft of legislation revising and codifying the general and permanent laws relating to Civil Works policies and programs. This work is being done pursuant to Section 313, River and Harbor Act of 1965 (P.L. 89-298). This legislation requires the Secre- tary of the Army to transmit the revised code and draft legislation to the Senate and House Committee on Public Works.

CHAPTER XI

OTHER ACTIVITIES

1. BEACH EROSION CONTROL

The policy of Federal assistance in construction of works for the restoration and protection of shores against erosion by waves and currents applies to shores of the United States, its territories and possessions that are owned by states, municipalities, or other political subdivisions, and also to shores other than public if there is a benefit such as that arising from public use or from the protection of nearby public property or if the benefits to those shores are incidental to the project. The costs of restoration and protection of Federal property are borne fully by the Federal Government. Federal participation in the costs of a project for restoration and protection of state, county, and other publicly-owned shore parks and conservation areas may be, at the discretion of the Chief of Engineers, not more than 70 percent of the total cost exclusive of land costs, when such areas- (a) Include a zone which excludes permanent human habi- tation. (b) Include but are not limited to recreational beaches. (c) Satisfy adequate criteria for conservation and development of the natural resources of the environment. (d) Extend landward a sufficient distance to include, where appropriate, protective dunes, bluffs or other natural features which serve to protect the uplands from damage. (e) Provide essentially full park facilities for appropriate public use. Federal participation in the costs of projects for other non- Federal publicly-owned shores is limited to a maximum of one- half of the total cost. No Federal contribution toward maintenance is authorized, but under certain conditions Federal contributions may be made toward periodic beach nourishment for a length of time specified by the Chief of Engineers in each case. Federal participation continued on completed units of authorized projects. Design was initiated on the Hunting Island, South Carolina Project.

65 CHAPTER XI-OTHER ACTIVITIES

2. EMERGENCY OPERATIONS

Emergency flood control and shore protection activities were carried on during the year pursuant to statutory authority set forth in Public Law 99, 84th Congress, as amended by Section 206, Flood Control Act of 1962. Public Law 99 activities include: advance preparation; flood fighting and rescue work;' and the repair and restoration of flood control works damaged by flood, and of Federally authorized shore protection works damaged by storm. Fiscal year expenditures from the emergency fund totalled $5,578,988. Disaster assistance beyond the scope of Public Law 99, primarily engineering and construction services, was provided as authorized and directed by the Office of Emergency Planning (OEP), acting on behalf of the President, in accordance with procedures established pursuant to Public Law 875, 81st Congress (Federal Disaster Act of 1950). The most noteworthy emergency operations during the fiscal year are described in the following paragraphs. Kansas Tornado, June 1966. The Public Law 875 disaster assistance program requested by the OEP following the destructive tornado of 8 June was completed at an estimated cost of $1.0 million. California Floods, December 1966. Heavy rainfall over southern and central California caused damages estimated at $26.0 million. Flood control projects in the flooded areas prevented an estimated additional $109.0 million of damages. Under Pub- lic Law 99 authority, the Corps performed emergency work and is repairing damaged levees at an estimated cost of $1.0 million. The President made a "major disaster" declaration under Public Law 875. At OEP request, the Corps initiated a program of repair and restoration of public utilities, protective work and drainage facilities at an estimated cost of $3.0 million. Ohio River Basin Floods, March 1967. In early March, heavy rainfall over the westerly slopes of the Appalachian Mountains caused flooding in Kentucky, Ohio, Pennsylvania and West Vir- ginia. Damages were estimated at $35.0 million and Corps projects in the flood area prevented an additional $120.0 million of damages. A Public Law 875 Presidential declaration was made covering affected areas of Kentucky and West Virginia. At OEP request, the Corps initiated a program for repair of roads and bridges in the damaged areas at a cost of $400,000. San Joaquin River Basin Floods, April-May 1967. In late April and early May, an above-normal snowpack in the Sierra Mountains, coupled with the seasonal warming trend, posed a

66 CHAPTER XI-OTHER ACTIVITIES serious flood threat in the San Joaquin River basin. Corps personnel were actively engaged in the area providing technical assistance to local interests in their flood fighting activities. Ad- ditionally, the Corps, under Public Law 99 authority, accomplished remedial emergency work at an estimated cost of $200,000. Also, by regulating the releases from Corps-operated flood control reservoirs and Bureau of Reclamation reservoirs, the Corps was able to reduce flood damage. However, damages sustained amounted to about $7.0 million with flood control projects preventing an additional $34.0 million of damages. Northwest Floods, May-June 1967. In late May and early June, snowmelt from the heavy snowpack in the mountains of the Upper Columbia River basin created a serious flood threat to communities in Idaho and Montana. Corps personnel were engaged in the area assisting local communities in their pre- paredness activities. They also supervised repair and construction work undertaken by the Corps under Public Law 99 authority at an estimated cost of $260,000. Midwest Floods, June 1967. Unusually heavy rains throughout most of June caused major flood damage in the Missouri River Basin. Major flooding occurred in Iowa, Kansas, Missouri, Ne- braska and South Dakota. Damages throughout the affected area have been estimated at $90.0 million and an additional $560.0 million of damages were estimated to have been prevented by Federal flood control projects. Corps personnel provided technical assistance to local interests and performed flood fighting activities where requested. An extensive Public Law 99 program of emergency repair and restoration of damaged levees was undertaken by the Corps at an estimated cost of $1.2 million.

3. ATLANTIC-PACIFIC INTEROCEANIC CANAL STUDY

Acting as Engineering Agent for the Atlantic-Pacific Inter- oceanic Canal Study Commission, the Corps continued during FY 1967 to pursue the study of the Engineering Feasibility of a sea-level canal connecting the Atlantic and Pacific Oceans. Co- ordination was continued with the Atomic Energy Commission, Environmental Science Services Administration, Panama Canal Company, the Surgeon General and other government agencies involved in the study. The Corps' effort on this study is directed into three major activities. These activities are: commission activities, data collection activities and data evaluation activities. The Corps is

67 REPORT OF THE CHIEF OF ENGINEERS, U.S. ARMY, 1967 responsible for coordinating the overall efforts of all the agencies involved in the Engineering Feasibility Study. During the year the Corps continued to act as the program manager for the Commission. This involved the preparation of the Commission's budget for the Bureau of the Budget and the justification of that budget before the Congress. Upon receipt of the Congressional appropriations, the Corps continued to act as the budgetary officer for the Commission and to monitor the execution of the Commission's program. Data collection activities were centered mainly on Route 17, a route located in the Darien Region of Panama. Data from the seventeen hydrology stations on the route were collected and stream discharge curves for some of the rivers on the route were developed from these data. The surface geology program was completed and a subsurface program was developed. The activities of the other agencies in meteorology, acoustic wave and seismic effects, bioenvironmental and medico-ecology studies were monitored from the point of view of program accomplish- ment. On Route 25, a route in the northwestern region of Colombia, the Corps' efforts were directed toward the construction of hydrology stations, airstrips and camps along the route in preparation for the data collection effort on the route. This effort is not expected to be underway before FY 1968. All of these activities were supported by the Corps operated Field Director's Office that is located in the Canal Zone. This support consists of provision- ing all the camps and furnishing the necessary helicopter transportation between all activities. Data evaluation activities are being conducted by the Inter- oceanic Canal Studies Branch of the Jacksonville District. They are concerned with the preliminary studies of Routes 8, 10 and 14. Route 8, a route generally along the Costa Rica-Nicaragua border, was being analyzed for nuclear excavation. Preliminary studies indicate the route would be excessively expensive and it was recommended to the Commission that no further study be made at this time. Route 14, a route that follows the alinement of the present canal, had been considered the best route for conventional excavation methods. Preliminary studies indicated the existence of some major drawbacks to this route such as the interruption of canal traffic during construction and the loss of Gatun Lake. Because of this it was decided to add a more detailed study of Route 10 to the study effort. Route 10 is located about five miles west of the Canal Zone border. It starts near the mouth of the Rio Lagarto on the Atlantic side, runs southwest

68 CHAPTER XI--OTHER ACTIVITIES across the Trinidad arm of Gatun Lake and ends near the mouth of the Rio Caimito on the Pacific side. Preliminary alinement of the route was laid out and excavation quantities developed. Some preliminary geological investigation was also accomplished. A study of the modernization of the present lock canal is also underway. Further study was also accomplished on navigation studies, hydrology and flood control studies, conventional supporting construction to nuclear excavation studies and excavation studies, all of which are related to the Engineering Feasibility Study. The Corps is also participating in other study groups, such as the Shipping Study group that is headed by the Department of Transportation and the Defense Study group that is headed by the Department of Defense. These groups are working on other studies for the Canal Commission. All of these activities will continue in FY 1968. The term of the Commission has been extended until 1 December 1969 and further legislation is being sought to increase the authorization for the study from $17.5 million to $24.0 million and to extend the reporting date until 1 December 1970. The Corps will continue to act as Engineering Agent for the Canal Commission until the Commission's expiration.

4. HYDRAULIC MINING, CALIFORNIA The California Debris Commission, created by Act of Con- gress, regulates hydraulic mining in the drainage area of the Sacramento and San Joaquin Rivers to prevent the resulting debris from being carried into navigable waters. The Commis- sion currently has 4 licensed mining operators, none of which utilize storage behind the Federal debris dams. During the year the Harry L. Englebright Dam and the North Fork Dam, together with their appurtenant service facilities, were operated and maintained for the storage of hydraulic mining debris. Maintenance work accomplished on the Yuba River during the fiscal year, by contract, consisted of bank protection, both banks of the Yuba River, at various locations upstream from Marysville. The cost of this activity was paid in part by funds provided from receipts of required contributed funds.

5. WASHINGTON, D.C., WATER SUPPLY With funds appropriated for the District of Columbia, the

69 REPORT OF THE CHIEF OF ENGINEERS, U.S. ARMY. 1967

Corps of Engineers continued the operation, maintenance, repair, and protection of the water supply facilities, known as the Washington Aqueduct, to provide an uninterrupted and adequate supply of purified water to the distribution systems of the District of Columbia and adjacent Maryland and Virginia 'areas as authorized by law. The maximum daily consumption provided by the existing facilities was 271.5 million gallons and the average daily consumption was 180.7 million gallons. In order to meet the future demands for water, construction work continued on the long-range program. For detailed report on maintenance, operation and capital outlay of the Washington, D.C., water supply facilities, see Volume 2, "Baltimore District."

6. EDUCATION AND TRAINING

In response to the rapidly expanding scope and complexity of water resources planning and development responsibilities, the Corps has been intensifying efforts to define more clearly training and education needs and objectives and to find ways of meeting these needs and objectives most effectively. Highest priority has been given to the needs of planning personnel. Fol- lowing are brief descriptions of some of the major activities planned and underway. Planning Associates Program. The Water Resources Planning Associates Program, conducted at the Board of Engineers for Rivers and Harbors, has been progressively strengthened and expanded since its initiation in FY 1962. The program is aimed at improving the civil works planning capability throughout all echelons of the Corps by accelerating the professional development of exceptionally promising young water resources planners from division, district, or other offices who have chosen water resources planning as their career field. The planning associates are assigned to the Board for a period of about 11 months, during which they receive intensive instruction in planning policy and methodology, in group sessions and through personalized on-the- job training. Through 30 June 1967, 37 planning associates were graduated from this program, and 12 associates are undergoing this training in FY 1968. Education and Training in Planning, Programming, and Budgeting. The Corps has been participating in the Mid-Career Program of Education in Systematic Analysis sponsored by the Bureau of the Budget, the Civil Service Commission, and the National Institute of Public Affairs. This program consists of

70 CHAPTER XI-OTHER ACTIVITIES a full academic year of graduate education specially tailored for employees involved in the new Planning, Programming, and Budgeting System. During FY 1967, the first year of this program, 5 Corps employees were sent to 3 of the 7 participating universities: Stanford, Wisconsin, and Maryland. In addition, a number of Corps employees have been attending orientation sessions and short courses in Planning, Programming, and Budget- ing of up to 3 weeks in duration. Education and Training in Engineering and Scientific Sub- jects. Under the Program of Advanced Study for Professional Employees, a number of Corps employees are given an opportunity to pursue up to a full year of graduate education in programs concentrating either broadly in the field of water resources engineering or with greater specialization in such areas as geology, soil mechanics, hydraulics, hydrology, and structures. Graduate Fellowship Program. The basic objectives of this program are to attract graduate-level students representing a broad spectrum of engineering and non-engineering disciplines to the creative solution of the critical, challenging, and often unique problems being encountered by the Corps of Engineers in all aspects of its activities and to strengthen Corps contacts and communications with the academic community. Under the program, graduate-level students are employed by the Corps and assigned solely to the preparation of a thesis or dissertation on a subject of current interest to the student and the Corps. Stu- dents are encouraged to seek creative solutions to the problems in which their research, analytical, or related activities are centered. Initial response to the program has been very favorable. Hydrologic Engineering Center. The Hydrologic Engineering Center was established in Sacramento District in July 1964 to serve all Corps of Engineers offices concerned with Civil Works activities. The mission of the Center embraces 4 major functions: training, methods systematization, research, and consulta- tive advice and assistance to field offices in the application of new or unfamiliar procedures in the solution of water resources problems. The Center's training programs range from general orientation courses to study of advanced theory and methodology, and are aimed at supplementing university undergraduate education and other education and training of Corps personnel, as required, to improve capability and on-the-job effectiveness.

APPENDIX A

NAVIGATION

A-1. Navigation Improvements Placed in Useful Operation During the Fiscal Year

Fiscal Date placed Project year In useful Nature of improvement started operabion Anchorage Harbor, Alaska 1966 June 1967 Dredging. Andalusia, Ill. 1965 Aug. 1966 Small-boat harbor. Arkansas River, Ark. L&D #1 1963 June 1967 Lock and dam construction. Arkansas River, Ark. L&D #2 1963 April 1967 Lock and dam construction. Baltimore Hbr. & Channels (Norfolk District) 1961 Mar. 1967 Dredging. Bayou LaBatre, Ala. 1966 Mar. 1967 Dredging. Chicago Hbr., Ill.(1962 Mod.) 1966 June 1967 Dredging. Coos and Millicoma Rivers, Ore. 1965 1967 Dredging. Erie Harbor, Pa. (1962 Mod.) 1966 July 1966 Dredging. Galveston Hbr. & Chan., Tex. (36') 1966 Nov. 1966 Dredging. GIWW-Guadalupe River, Chan. to Victoria, Texas 1958 June 1967 Dredging and bridge construction. Halfmoon Bay Hbr., Calif. 1966 1967 Breakwater extension. Holt lock and dam, Warrior and Tombigbee Rivers, Ala. 1962 July 1966 Replacement for existing locks and dams 13-16, inclusive. Kingston Harbor, Wash. 1967 Apr. 1967 Dredging and breakwater. Milwaukee Hbr., Wis. (1962 Mod.) 1966 Nov. 1966 Dredging. Palm Beach Harbor, Fla. 1964 June 1967 Dredging. Portland Harbor, Maine 1963 Aug. 1966 Dredging. Reconstruction of Dam 4, Monongahela River, Pa. 1963 June 1967 Reconstruction of dam; lock modification. Rollinson Channel, N.C. . 1966 Aug. 1966 Dredging. Tacoma Harbor, Wash. (1962 Mod.) 1965 Dec. 1966 Dredging. Texas City Channel, Texas (40') 1966 June 1967 Dredging. Toledo Harbor, Ohio 1962 Sep. 1966 Dredging. Warsaw, Ill. 1966 Oct. 1966 Small-boat harbor.

73 REPORT OF THE CHIEF OF ENGINEERS. U.S. ARMY. 1967

A-2. Navigation Improvements Initiated During the Fiscal Year

Scheduled Project Date started fiscal year Nature of project completion Alabama River Chan., Ala. Dec. 1966 1971 Dredging. Ashtabula Hbr., Ohio June 1967 1968 Dredging. Green Bay Harbor, Wis. (1962 Mod.) Nov. 1966 1971 Dredging. New York & New Jersey Channels (KVK) Sep. 1966 1968 Dredging. Rondout Harbor, New York Oct. 1966 1968 Dredging. Saginaw River, Michigan (1962 Mod.) Mar. 1967 1968 Dredging. Savannah Harbor, Ga.. June 1967 1971 Dredging. Salem Harbor, Mass. Apr. 1967 1968 Dredging. Topsail Inlet and Vicinity of Surf City, N.C. Feb. 1967 1968 Dredging. Willow Island locks and dam, Ohio River, Ohio and West Virginia Jan. 1967 1974 Replacement of existing locks and dams 15- 17, inclusive.

74 APPENDIX A--NAVIGATION

A-3. Navigation Improvements Under Construction During the Fiscal Year

Fiscal Scheduled Project year fiscal year Nature of improvement started completion Apalachicola River Channel, Fla. 1963 1969 Dredging and regulating works Aquatic Plant Control 1959 Indefinite Control and eradication of aquatic plants Arkansas River & Tributaries, Ark. & Okla. 1950 1970 Bank stabilization Baltimore Hbr. & Channels, Maryland 1961 1968 Dredging Bayou Lafourche and Lafourche Jump Wty, La. 1963 Indefinite Dredging and structure Belleville locks and dam, Ohio River, Ohio & W. Va. 1962 1968 Replacement of existing locks and dams 18-20, inclusive Calcasieu River & Pass, La. 1962 1969 Dredging Calcasieu River Salt Water Barrier, La. 1965 1968 Dredging and structures Calumet Hbr. & River, Ill. & Ind. (1960 Mod.) 1962 1968 Dredging Cal-Sag modification, Ill. Water- way, Ill. & Ind. 1955 1971 Channel improvements and relocations Canaveral Harbor, Fla. 1964 1970 Construction-channel, lock & dam Cannelton locks and dam, Ohio River, Ind. & Ky. 1962 1971 Replacement of existing locks and dams 43-45, inclusive Claiborne lock and dam, Ala- bama River, Ala. 1965 1969 Lock and dam construction Cleveland Harbor, Ohio (1958 Mod.) 1964 1971 Dredging and replacement of bridges Columbia and Lower Willamette Rivers, Wash. & Ore. (40- foot mod) 1964 1968 Rock removal Conneaut Harbor, Ohio (1962 Mod.) 1965 1969 Dredging Cross-Florida Barge Canal 1964 1975 Construction-locks, dam & canal Dana Point Hbr., Calif. 1966 1968 Dredging and breakwater David D. Terry Lock & dam Arkansas River, Ark. 1965 1969 Lock and dam construction

75 REPORT OF THE CHIEF OF ENGINEERS. U.S. ARMY, 1967

A--. Navigation Improvements Under Construction During the Fiscal Year-Continued

Fiscal Scheduled Project year fiscal year Nature of improvement started completion Delaware River, Pa., N.J. & Del., Phila. to Sea (anchorage) ...... 1964 1971 Dredging Detroit River, Mich 1957 1970 Dredging and compensating works Freshwater Bayou, La. 1963 Indefinite Dredging and lock construction Hannibal locks and dam, Ohio River, Ohio 1966 1973 Replacement of existing locks and dams 12-14, inclusive Inland Route, Michigan 1967 1968 Lock and weir Inland Waterway, Delaware River to Chesapeake Bay, Del. & Md., Part II 1962 1971 Dredging and bridge construction Intracoastal Waterway, Caloosa- hatchee River to Anclote Riv, Fla. 1960 1968 Dredging Kaskaskia River, Ill. 1966 1972 Lock, dam and channel Key West Hbr., Fla. 1967 1968 Dredging and breakwater Leland Harbor, Mich. 1966 1968 Dredging and breakwater Little Neck Bay, New York 1966 1969 Dredging Lock and Dam 3, Arkansas River, Ark. 1964 1969 Lock and dam construction

Lock and Dam 4, Arkansas River, Ark.. 1964 1969 Lock and dam construction Lock and Dam 5, Arkansas River, Ark. 1965 1969 Lock and dam construction Lock and Dam 7, Arkansas River, Ark. 1965 1969 Lock and dam construction

Lock and Dam 8, Arkansas River, Ark.. 1966 1970 Lock and dam construction Lock and Dam 9, Arkansas River, Ark. 1965 1970 Lock and dam construction Lock and Dam 13, Arkansas River, Ark... 1966 1970 Lock and dam construction

76 APPENDIX A--NAVIGATION

A-3. Navigation Improvements Under Construction During the Fiscal Year-Continued

Fiscal Scheduled Project year fiscalyear Nature of improvement started completion Lock a.d Dam 14, Arkansas River, Ark. 1966 1970 Lock and dam construction Lock and Dam 17, Verdigris River, Okla. 1966 1970 Lock and dam construction Lock and Dam 18, Verdigris River, Okla. 1966 1970 Lock and dam construction Lorain Harbor, Ohio (1960 Mod) 1962 Indefinite Dredging and bridge replacement Manistee Harbor, Michigan 1962 1968 Dredging Maxwell locks & dam, Mononga- hela River, Pa. 1961 1968 Replacement of existing locks and dams 5 and 6 Minnesota River, Minn. 1966 1968 Dredging Mississippi River between Ohio & Missouri Rivers 1910 1970 Regulating works Mississippi River-Gulf Outlet, La. . . .. 1958 1978 Dredging and structures Missouri River-Sioux City, Iowa to Mouth 1912 1969 Navigation and bank stabilization Newburgh locks and dams, Ohio River, Ind. & Ky. 1965 1973 Replacement of existing locks and dams 46 and 47 Ninilchik Harbor, Alaska 1967 1968 Dredging Norfolk Harbor, Va. (Hampton Rds) 1966 1969 Dredging Opekiska lock and dam, Mon- ongahela River, W. Va. 1961 1968 Replacement of existing locks and dams 14 and 15 Ouachita and Black Rivers, Ark. and La. 1964 1973 Columbia and Jones- ville locks and dams Pike Island locks and dam, Ohio River, W. Va. 1959 1968 Replacement of existing locks and dams 10 and 11 Plymouth Harbor, Mass. 1966 1969 Dredging and breakwater Poe Lock, Mich. 1961 1968 Replacement of existing Poe Lock

77 REPORT OF THE CHIEF OF ENGINEERS, U.S. ARMY, 1967

A-3. Navigation Improvements Under Constructwon 5'uring the Fiscal Year-Continued

Fiscal Scheduled Project year fiscal year Nature of improvemen6 started completion Racine locks and dams, Ohio River, Ohio & W. Va. 1965 1970 Replacement of existing locks and dams 21-23, inclusive Sabine-Neches Waterway (40- foot channel) Texas 1965 1970 Dredging and bridge construction Sacramento River Deep Water Ship Channel Calif. 1949 1972 Dredging and structures St. Clair River, Michigan 1959 1971 Dredging and compensating works St. Marys River, Michigan 1958 1969 Dredging Thimble Shoal Channel, Va. 1966 1969 Dredging Uniontown locks and dam, Ohio River, Ind. and Ky. 1965 1972 Replacement of existing locks and dams 48 and 49 Wallisville Reservoir, Texas 1966 1970 Multiple purpose project Wilmington Harbor, N. C. 1966 1969 Dredging Yaquina Bay & Harbor, Ore. 1963 1968 Dredging and jetty extension

78 REPORT OF THE CHIEF OF ENGINEERS, U.S. ARMY, 1967

A-4. Project Harbors, Commerce Reported for Calendar Year 1966 (In tons of 2,000 pounds)

Harbor Tons Harbor Tons ALABAMA CALIFORNIA-Con. Dauphin Island Bay 2,273 Richmond Harbor 15,149,011 Fly Creek (Fairhope) 272 Sacramento 1,825,758 Guntersville 1,390,291 San Diego 1,905,511 Mobile Harbor 22,307,913 San Francisco Harbor 4,961,489 Santa Barbara Harbor 4,309 ALASKA Stockton 2,635,253 Anchorage 1,008,999 Cordova Harbor 56,830 CONNECTICUT Craig Harbor 2,279 Branford Harbor 154 Dillingham Harbor 17,332 Bridgeport Harbor 2,489,475 Elfin Cove 680 Clinton Harbor 175 Homer 13,811 Fivemile River Harbor 1,047 Iliuliuk Harbor 170,865 Greenwich Harbor 161,613 Juneau Harbor _ 133,524 Guilford Harbor 3,127 Ketchikan Harbor 1,542,093 Milford Harbor 111 Kodiak Harbor 212,675 New Haven Harbor 9,530,184 Metlakatla Harbotr 15,478 New London Harbor 1,045,970 Nome Harbor 47,047 Norwalk Harbor 1,346,050 Pelican Harbor 6,599 Stamford Harbor 1,039,506 Petersburg Harbor 113,698 Stonington Harbor 1,114 Seldovia Harbor 12,232 Westport Harbor and Seward Harbor 49,326 Saugatuck River 13,811 Sitka Harbor 1,072,382 Skagway Harbor 296,888 DELAWARE Valdez Harbor 188,093 Wilmington Harbor 2,346,203 Wrangell Harbor 501,642 DISTRICT OF COLUMBIA ARKANSAS Washington Harbor 2,102,197 Helena 1,958,106

FT RTfTA CALIFORNIA V n" Berkeley 8 Apalachicola Bay 23,895 Bodega Bay 1,606 Canaveral Harbor 1,696,458 Crescent City Harbor 440,203 Carrabelle Harbor 43,481 Halfmoon Bay 149,047 Cedar Keys Harbor 1,655 Humboldt Harbor Charlotte Harbor 1,359,455 and Bay 890,106 Eau Gallie Harbor 92 Long Beach Harbor 13,547,800 Everglades Harbor, Los Angeles Harbor 223,502,611 Collier County 1,814 Monterey Harbor 9,185 Fernandina Harbor 209,528 Morro Bay Harbor 23,585 Fort Myers Beach 29,341 Moss Landing Harbor 42.575 Fort Pierce Harbor 85,623 Newport Bay Harbor 397 Horseshoe Cove 308 Oakland Harbor 5,187,886 Jacksonville Harbor 10,295,556 Redondo Beach (King Key West Harbor 214,901 Harbor) . .. 72 Melbourne Harbor 111 Redwood City Harbor 3,168,467 Miami Harbor 1,377,514

79 REPORT OF THE CHIEF OF ENGINEERS, U.S. ARMY, 1967

A-4. Project Harbors,Commerce Reported for Calendar Year 1966'-Continued (In tons of 2,000 pounds)

Harbor Tons Harbor Tons FLORIDA LOUISIANA Palm Beach Harbor 886,566 Baton Rouge 34,104,315 Panacea Harbor 1,921 Lake Charles Panama City Harbor 1,244,067 (Calcasieu River Pensacola Harbor .. 730,324 and Pass) 16,530,105 Port Everglades New Orleans 99,387,697 Harbor 7,135,333 Port St. Joe Harbor _ 301,045 MAINE St. Augustine Harbor_ 13,175 Bar Harbor ..... 157 St. Petersburg Harbor 282,703 Bass Harbor 481 23,915,622 Tampa Harbor ... Beals Harbor .... 1,151 Belfast Harbor 383 GEORGIA Boothbay Harbor .. 1,465 Brunswick Harbor __ 870,557 Camden Harbor 72 Darien Harbor ... 317 Cape Porpoise Harbor 23,316 Savannah Harbor .. 4,756,663 Corea Harbor ... 299 Criehaven Harbor 84 HAWAII Eastport Harbor 29,413 Hilo Harbor, Hawaii 835,029 Hendricks Harbor 89 Honolulu Harbor, Isle au Haut Oahu 6,180,798 Thoroughfare 676 Kahului Harbor, Maui 895,405 Matinicus Harbor 3,608 Kaunakakai Harbor, New Harbor .... 1,236 Molokai 377,827 Northeast Harbor 15 Kawaihae Harbor, Portland Harbor 22,315,086 Hawaii -- --- 266,894 Rockland Harbor 96,674 Nawiliwili Harbor, Rockport Harbor 129 Kauai 522,286 Searsport Harbor 1,333,579 Port Allen Harbor, South Bristol Harbor 318 Kauai ...... 127,935 Southwest Harbor 1,899 Stonington Harbor 5,863 ILLINOIS Tenants Harbor 1,332 Calumet Harbor and Wood Island Harbor River 28,593,779 and the Pool at 213 Chicago Harbor 634,024 Biddeford .... 452 Port of Chicago 44,658,834 York Harbor .... Waukegan Harbor 457,773 MARYLAND INDIANA Annapolis Harbor .. 18,940 Calumet Harbor and Baltimore Harbor and River 28,593,779 Channels 43,876,778 Indiana Harbor ... 20,706,497 Black Walnut Harbor 410 Michigan City Harbor 22,533 Cambridge Harbor 114,149 Mount Vernon _- 3,365,006 Claiborne Harbor 609 Crisfield Harbor .. 38,895 KENTUCKY Lowes Wharf, Talbot Louisville 8,591,169 County --... 2,618

80 APPENDIX A-NAVIGATION

A-4. Project Harbors, Commerce Reported for Calendar Year 1966-Continued (In tons of 2,000 pounds)

Harbor Tons Harbor Tons MARYLAND Alpena Harbor _ 3,199,105 Nanticoke River at Au Sable Harbor and Bivalve . . 1,388 River (Oscoda) 118 Nanticoke River at Big Bay Harbor 92 Nanticoke 3,301 Black River Harbor 35 Ocean City Harbor Caseville Harbor 58 and Inlet and Sine- Charlevoix Harbor 89,859 puxent Bay 11,518 Cheboygan Harbor 115,259 Queenstown Harbor 17 Detour and vicinity 349,036 Rock Hall Harbor 4,221 Drummond Island 2,772,005 St. Michael's Harbor 1,880 Eagle Harbor 2 Tilghman Island Frankfort Harbor 1,766,757 Harbor--- - 2,434 Gladstone Harbor 282,903 Grand Haven Harbor MASSACHUSETTS and Grand River 3,595,210 Beverly Harbor 213,812 Grand Traverse Bay Boston, Main Harbor 543 Waterfront 5,654,909 Harbor Beach, Harbor Chatham (Stage) of Refuge 41,420 Harbor 1,981 Cohasset Harbor 300 Harrisville Harbor 97,215 Cotuit Harbor- 1 Holland Harbor 241,426 Cuttyhunk Harbor 678 Lac La Belle Harbor 58 Duxbury Harbor 1,085 Leland Harbor 45,850 Edgartown Harbor 2,295 Lime Island 203,102 Fall River Harbor 4,040,441 Ludington Harbor 3,969,311 Falmouth Harbor 19 Mackinac Harbor 4,553 Gloucester Harbor 198,340 Manistee Harbor 628,795 Harbor of Refuge, Manistique Harbor 257,255 Nantucket 49,215 Marine City 114,760 Hyannis Harbor 1,169 Marquette Harbor 2,096,642 Manchester Harbor 346 -- --- 577,318 Marblehead Harbor 620 Marysville New Bedford and Menominee Harbor Fairhaven Harbor 427,511 and River -- - -- 453,238 Newburyport Harbor 71 Monroe Harbor 32,418 Plymouth Harbor (in- Muskegon Harbor 3,563,538 cluding North Ontonagon Harbor 35,337 Plymouth)- 5,265 Pentwater Harbor 4 Port of Boston 20,287,217 Port Huron 990,049 Provincetown Harbor 11,708 Port of Detroit 33,301,647 Rockport Harbor 3,057 Port Sanilac Harbor 1 Salem Harbor 1,375,249 Presque Isle Harbor 6,564,442 Scituate Harbor 386 63 Vineyard Haven Rogers City Harbor Harbor -64,803 St. Clair 3,834,612 Wellfleet Harbor .679 St. James Harbor MICHIGAN (Beaver Island) 1,224 Algonac 11,555 St. Joseph Harbor 457,293

81 REPORT OF THE CHIEF OF ENGINEERS, U.S. ARMY, 1967

A-4. Project Harbors, Commerce Reported for CalendarYear 1966-Continued (In tons of 2,000 pounds)

Harbor Tons Harbor Tons MICHIGAN-(Continued) NEW YORK Saugatuck Harbor Great Kills Harbor, and Kalamazoo Staten Island 16,625 River 1,725 Great Sodus Bay Sault Ste. Marie 321,635 Harbor 407,240 Sebewaing 51 Greenport Harbor 49,076 South Haven Harbor 72,110 Hay (West) Harbor 5,732 Traverse City Harbor 180,111 Hempstead Harbor 4,293,470 White Lake Harbor 29,029 Huntington Harbor 533,967 Whitefish Point Lake Montauk Harbor 2,615 Harbor 182 Mamaroneck Harbor 111,650 Mattituck Harbor 40,414 MINNESOTA New Rochelle Harbor 12 Beaver Bay Harbor 9 Ogdensburg Harbor 541,197 Duluth-Superior Oswego Harbor 449,154 Harbor 46,297,520 Peekskill Harbor 128,352 Port Chester Grand Marais Harbor 37,283 Harbor 405,714 Knife River Harbor 61 Port Henry Harbor 11,819 Minneapolis 1,512,800 Port Jefferson Harbor 2,002,472 St. Paul 4,941,242 Port of Albany 8,502,566 Two Harbors (Agate Port of Buffalo 18,611,802 Bay 3,076,562 Port of New York 157,071,892 Warroad Harbor 1,500 Rochester (Charlotte) I Harbor 839,502 4 MISSISSIPPI Rondout Harbor 446,797

I Sackets Harbor 64,141 Biloxi Harbor 152,572 Sag Harbor 30,223 Greenville 1,262,347 Tarrytown Harbor 638,860 Gulfport Harbor 534,197 Tonawanda Harbor 612,517 Natchez . 598,318 Waddington Harbor 63,982 Pascagoula Harbor 9,673,782 Wilson Harbor 2 Pass Christian Harbor 11,807 Vicksburg 1,626,141 NORTH CAROLINA

MISSOURI Avon Harbor 2,018 Beaufort Harbor 67,223 Port of Kansas City 1,695,192 l 11 Belhaven Harbor 12,083 St. Louis 9,426,324 Edenton Harbor 51,646 Manteo (Shallowbag) NEW HAMPSHIRE I Bay 38,225 Portsmouth Harbor 1,740,119 Morehead City Harbor 655,808 Rye Harbor 99 Port of Wilmington (see also Wilmington NEW YORK Harbor, N.C., for Barcelona 21 waterway data) 4,394,457 Cape Vincent Harbor 1 Silver Lake Harbor 1,532 Dunkirk Harbor 37,178 OHIO Echo Bay Harbor 83,830 Glen Cove Harbor 1,810 Ashtabula Harbor 9,314,794

82 APPENDIX A--NAVIGATION

A-4. Project Harbors, Commerce Reported for Calendar Year 1966-Continued (In tons of 2,000 pounds)

OHIO SOUTH CAROLINA Cincinnati 9,133,544 Georgetown Harbor Cleveland Harbor 24,020,820 (Winyah Bay) 1,092,629 Conneaut Harbor 12,822,154 Port Royal Harbor 3,043 Fairport Harbor 2,074,456 Huron Harbor 1,305,995 TENNESSEE Lorain Harbor 6,620,983 Chattanooga 1,417,689 Port Clinton Harbor 40,663 Knoxville 513,522 Put-In-Bay Harbor 11,428 Memphis 7,614,953 Sandusky Harbor 3,805,129 Port of Nashville 2,717,990 Toledo Harbor 43,932,128 Vermilion Harbor 408 TEXAS Aransas Pass 21,700 OREGON Beaumont 32,660,280 Coos Bay 5,2 65,795 Brazos Island Harbor 4,725,687 Depoe Bay .... 161 Corpus Christi 22,464,936 Oregon Slough (North Freeport Harbor 4,361,657 Portland Harbor) 6607,140 Galveston (Galveston Port of Astoria 1,2243,081 Channel) 4,798,764 Port of Portland 15, 590,726 Harbor Island 6,653,066 Port of St. Helens 310,896 Houston (Houston Tillamook Bay and Ship Channel) 59,793,312 Bar 68,885 Matagorda Ship Yaquina Bay and Channel, Tex. 4,337,074 Harbor 286,327 Orange 1,408,683 Palacios 149,099 PENNSYLVANIA Port Arthur 26,298,267 Aliquippa-Rochester 6,1835,517 Port Mansfield 73,359 Erie Harbor 975,187 Rockport 3,386 Philadelphia Harbor 49, 505,860 Sabine Pass Harbor 103,731 Pittsburgh 8, 369,023 Texas City (Texas Port of Clairton- City Channel) 17,691,501 Elizabeth 13,:317,500 Victoria 927,629

RHODE ISLAND VERMONT Great Salt Pond, Burlington Harbor 559,008 Block Island 1,660 Harbor of Refuge, VIRGINIA Block Island .. 5,953 Cape Charles City Harbor of Refuge, Harbor 9,303 Point Judith and Horn Harbor 3,904 Point Judith Pond 31,313 Monroe Bay and Creek 7,501 Newport Harbor 123,423 Norfolk Harbor 39,497,670 Providence River and Port of Hopewell 510,694 Harbor 9, 206,698 Port of Newport News 14,108,909 Wickford Harbor 7,917 Port of Richmond 1,618,414 Potomac River at SOUTH CAROLINA Alexandria 261,922 Charleston Harbor 5,419,919 Winter Harbor 613

83 REPORT OF THE CHIEF OF ENGINEERS, U.S. ARMY, 1967

A-4. Project Harbors,Commerce Reported for Calendar Year 1966-Continued (In tons of 2,000 pounds)

Harbor Tons Harbor Tons WASHINGTON WISCONSIN Anacortes Harbor _ 5,615,207 Kenosha Harbor 20,584 Bellingham Bay and Kewaunee Harbor 1,279,661 Harbor 2,067,573 Manitowoc Harbor 2,383,629 Blaine Harbor 40,423 Menominee Harbor Everett Harbor 4,241,102 and River 453,238 Grays Harbor and Milwaukee Harbor 6,523,454 Chehalis River 2,737,555 Port Washington Hammersley Inlet 895,042 Harbor 871,437 Longview 3,683,423 Port Wing Harbor 149 Neah Bay 253,533 Racine Harbor 127,093 Olympia Harbor 640,060 Sheboygan Harbor 443,539 Port Angeles Harbor 2,552,220 Two Rivers Harbor 131,646 Port Gamble Harbor 213,484 Port of Kalama 1,026,447 PUERTO RICO 887,822 Port Townsend Harbor Arecibo Harbor 13,391 Seattle Harbor 14,846,806 Fajardo Harbor 64,552 Tacoma Harbor 5,827,876 Guayanes Harbor 197 Vancouver 1,825,588 Mayaguez Harbor 312,489 Willapa River and Ponce Harbor 624,910 Harbor, and Naselle San Juan Harbor 7 ,460,810 River 578,460 VIRGIN ISLANDS WEST VIRGINIA Christiansted Harbor, Huntington 17,035,691 St. Croix _ 170,318 St. Thomas Harbor 326,890 WISCONSIN Ashland Harbor 411,363 MIDWAY ISLAND Bayfield Harbor 6,251 Welles Harbor 17,841 Cornucopia Harbor 75 Detroit Harbor 11,729 WAKE ISLAND Duluth-Superior Harbor 46,297,520 Wake Island Harbor, Green Bay Harbor 2,664,342 Pacific Ocean 453,730

84 APPENDIX A-NAVIGATION

A-5. Commerce at Selected Area, Calendar Year 1966 (In tons of 2,000 pounds)

Area Tons Delaware River and tributaries, Trenton, N.J., to the sea: Burlington-Florence-Roebling, N.J. ------845,286 Camden-Gloucester, N.J. . - -5,466,473 Chester, Pa...... 805,859 Marcus Hook, Pa., and vicinity------19,643,963 New Castle, Del., and vicinity ------13,035,957 Paulsboro, N.J., and vicinity 20,532,333 Penn Manor, Pa., and vicinity ------10,252,550 Philadelphia Harbor, Pa. 49,505,860 Riverton-Delanco-Beverly, N.J. ------712,810 Trenton Harbor, N.J. _2,446,842 Wilmington Harbor, Del. 2,346,203 Other------2,222,814 Gross total ------127,816,950 Net total------112,704,916 Hampton Roads, Va.: Channel from Phoebus, Va., to deepwater in Hampton Roads------2,729 Hampton Creek, Va. ------360,432 Norfolk Harbor, Va. 39,497,670 Port of Newport News, Va. 14,108,909 Gross total ------53,969,740 Net total 53,314,096 Corpus Christi Bay, Tex.: Corpus Christi, Tex. ------22,464,936 Harbor Island, Tex. 6,653,066 Gross total 29,118,002 Net total 29,065,401 San Francisco Bay, Calif.: Carquinez Strait, Calif. 10,202,116 Oakland Harbor, Calif. 5,187,886 Redwood City Harbor, Calif. 3,168,467 Richmond Harbor, Calif.--- 15,149,011 Sacramento River, Calif. 2,179,347 San Francisco Harbor, Calif. 4,961,489 San Joaquin River and tributaries, Calif. 4,643,628 San Pablo Bay and Mare Island Strait, Calif. 2,810,051 Suisun Bay Channel, Calif. 3,332,647 Other ------3,862,368

Gross total .. -...... --...... 55,497,010 Net total------...... ------44,647,851

85 REPORT OF THE CHIEF OF ENGINEERS, U.S. ARMY. 1967

A-5. Commerce at Selected Areas, Calendar Year 1966-Continued (In tons of 2,000 pounds)

Area Tons Chicgao, Ill., and Ind.: Buffington Harbor, Ind. 2,352,612 Gary Harbor, Ind. 11,007,075 Indiana Harbor, Ind. ------20,706,497 Port of Chicago, Ill. 44,658,834 Gross total 78,725,018 Net total 77,079,682

A-6. Ton-Mileage of Freight Carried on U.S. Inland Waterways, by System, Calendar Year 1966

System Ton-miles Atlantic coast waterways 28,109,299,000 Gulf coast waterways 23,618,876,000 Pacific coast waterways 6,424,661,000 Mississippi River system, including Ohio River and tributaries 106,375,962,000 Great Lakes system ---- 115,998,018,000 Total .---- 280,526,816,000

x Does not include traffic between foreign ports.

86 APPENDIX A-NAVIGATION

A-7. Project Waterways, Commerce Reported for Calendar Year 1966 (In tons of 2,000 pounds)

Waterway Tons Total ton-miles (000 omitted) ATLANTIC COAST Aberdeen Creek, Va. 1,124 1 Absecon Creek, N.J.------1,943 6 Absecon Inlet, N.J. 78,323 117 Altamaha River, Ga. 24,093 145 Anacostia River, D.C. 1,366,507 2,733 Annisquam River, Mass. 3,309 7 Aquia Creek, Va.---- 2 (1) Ashley River, S.C. 25,989 156 Atlantic Intracoastal Waterway between Nor- folk, Va., and the St. Johns River, Fla. (net) .2,980,699 673,894 U.S. Army Engineer District, Norfolk: Via Dismal Swamp Canal Route 34,179 923 Via Great Bridge Lock Route 1,020,891 35,765 U.S. Army Engineer District, Wilmington 1,858,436 348,496 U.S. Army Engineer District, Charleston 1,292,496 169,995 U.S. Army Engineer District, Savannah 1,076,476 103,783 U.S. Army Engineer District, Jacksonville 771,185 14,933 Back Creek (Anne Arundel County), Md. 623 () Barnegat Inlet, N.J. 7,296 7 Bay Ridge and Red Hook Channels, N.Y. 9,918,402 37,471 Bay River, N.C. 1,522 13 Beach Creek, Va. 265 () Big Timber Creek, N.J. 302,636 91 Blackwater River, Va. 70,724 955 Bransons Cove, Va. 8,705 3 Breton Bay, Md. 22,695 142 Broad Creek River, Del. 15,331 124 Broad Creek, Somerset County, Md. 1,404 4 Broad Creek, Va. -112 (1) Bronx River, N.Y. . 513,779 873 Browns Creek, N.Y. 3,443 4 Buttermilk Channel, N.Y. 3,636,931 7,290 Cadle Creek, Md. 4 (1) Cape Cod Canal, Mass. 10,694,740 187,158 Cape Fear River above Wilmington, N.C. 316,436 23,828 Cape May Canal, N.J. 25,698 103 Carters Creek, Va. 16,924 21 Cashie River, N.C. 21,380 438 Channel between Staten Island and Hoffman and Swinburne Islands, N.Y. 2,190 3 Channel connecting Thoroughfare Bay with Cedar Bay, N.C. 1,082 4 Channel connecting York River, Va., with Back Creek to Slaight's Wharf 1,897 2

See footnotes at end of table.

87 REPORT OF THE CHIEF OF ENGINEERS, U.S. ARMY. 1967

A-7. Project Waterways, Commerce Reported for Calendar Year 1966-Continued (In tons of 2,000 pounds)

Watenroay Tons Total ton-miles (000 omitted) ATLANTIC COAST-Continued Channel from Back Sound to Lookout Bight, N.C. ------851 Channel from Pamlico Sound to Rodanthe, N.C. ------75 (1) Channel from Phoebus, Va., to deep water in Hampton Roads ------2,729 Channel to Island Creek, St. George Island, Md. - - --- 252 (1) Channel to Newport News, Va ... 17,436,009 56,667 Chelsea River, Mass...... 8,144,877 12,226 Chesconessex Creek, Va. 1,770 5 Chester River, Md. 58,407 1,520 Chincoteague Bay, Md., and Va. 6,349 2 Choptank River, Md. 284,398 3,514 Chowan River, N.C. ------110,908 3,751 Coan River, Va. -- - -- 9,838 20 Cobscook Bay, Maine 22,648 52 Cockrell Creek, Va. - - 132,815 199 Cohansey River, N.J. 51,516 979 Cold Spring Inlet, N.J. 31,372 31 Coney Island Channel, N.Y...... 7,442,131 9,675 Coney Island Creek, N.Y...... 245,580 270 Connecticut River below Hartford, Conn. 3,140,420 144,459 Cooper River, N.J...... - - --- 47,442 47 Corsica River, Md. ------1 (1) Cranes Creek, Va. -. 752 1 Davis Creek, Va. --- - - 3,842 3 Deep Creek, Accomack County, Va. 397 1 Deep Creek, Newport News, Va. 16,026 32 Delaware River: Trenton, N.J., to the sea (net) 113,443,305 10,078,274 At Camden, N.J. 2,177,683 (') Between Philadelphia, Pa., and Trenton, N .J. .-...... 19,156,520 268,191 Harbor of Refuge, Delaware Bay, Del. 3,215 5 Philadelphia, Pa., to the sea 111,715,175 9,810,083 Dorchester Bay, Mass. 67,840 136 Duck Point Cove, Md. 2,019 2 Dymers Creek, Va. 34,752 35 7 st Chester Creek, N.Y ...... 2,094,794 9,427 East River, N.Y. ------50,799,850 406,399 East Rockaway Inlet, N.Y. 2,028,915 2,029 Elk and Little Elk Rivers, Md. 4,671 23 Essex River, Mass....- 36 (1)

See footnotes at end of table.

88 APPENDIX A-NAVIGATION

A-7. Project Waterways, Commerce Reported for Calendar Year 1966-Continued (In tons of 2,000 pounds)

Waterway Tons Total ton-miles (000 omitted) ATLANTIC COAST-Continued Far Creek, N.C. 17,696 35 Fire Island Inlet, N.Y. ------177,425 213 Fishing Bay Tributaries, Dorchester County, M d. ------3,255 18 Fishing Creek, Calvert County, Md. 165 (1) Flushing Bay and Creek, N.Y. 2,153,798 6,892 Fort Point Channel, Mass. 1,949 1 Glen Cove Creek, N.Y. 280,651 2,105 Gowanus Creek Channel, N.Y. 4,190,740 2,670 Great Pee Dee River, S.C. 6,500 65 Great South Bay, N.Y. 296,842 5,320 Greenvale Creek, Va. 1,624 2 Hackensack River, N.J. 4,792,181 43,130 Hampton Creek, Va. 360,432 1,009 Harlem River, N.Y. 971,880 2,655 Hellens Creek, Md. 13 (2) Herring Bay and Rockhold, Creek, Md. 152 (1) Herring Creek, Md.------542 (1) Honga River and Tar Bay, Md...... 6,086 24 Hoskins Creek, Va. 9,582 8 Housatonic River, Conn. 1,035,942 5,180 Hudson River, N.Y., and N.J.: Deep Water in Upper Bay, N.Y., to Waterford, N.Y. (net) 37,572,523 2,036,464 Mouth of Spuyten Duyvil Creek (Harlem River) to Waterford, N.Y. 23,573,641 1,637,577 Hudson River Channel, N.Y., and N.J. 34,520,919 398,887 Hull Creek, Va. 134 () Inland Waterway between Rehoboth Bay and Delaware Bay, Del. 1,916 21 Inland Waterway from Delaware River to Chesapeake Bay, Del., and Md.-Chesapeake and Delaware Canal 10,342,602 475,760 Intracoastal Waterway: Jacksonville to Miami, Fla. 1,151,797 52,663 Miami to Key West, Fla. 80,322 2,144 Ipswich River, Mass. 286 1 Jackson Creek, Va. 5 (1) Jamaica Bay, N.Y. 7,334,976 88,020 James River, Va. 4,601,380 289,887 Jones Inlet, N.Y. 1,940 4 Josias River, Maine 119 (1) Kennebec River, Maine 17,637 739 Kennebunk River, Maine-- - 118 ()

See footnotes at end of table.

89 REPORT OF THE CHIEF OF ENGINEERS, U.S. ARMY, 1967

A-7. Project Waterways, Commerce Reported for Calendar Year 1966-Continued (In tons of 2,000 poui.Js)

Waterway Tons Total ton-miles (000 omitted) ATLANTIC COAST-Continued Kings Creek, Northampton County, Va. 1,697 2 Knapps Narrows, Md. 5,803 7 La Trappe River, Md. 350 1 Lake Crescent and Dunns Creek, Fla. 159 1 Leipsic River, Del. 22 (1) Little Creek, Queen Annes County, Md. 6,654 2 Little Machipongo River, Va. 17,090 24 Little River, Del. 26 () Little River (Creek), Va. 320,505 321 Little Wicomico River, Va. 6,324 13 Locklies Creek, Va. 106 (1) Lockwoods Folly River, N.C.-- 207 1 Long Island Intracoastal Waterway, N.Y. 1,692 6 Lower Entrance Channels, N.Y. Harbor, N.Y. 97,455,013 974,550 Lower Machodoc Creek, Va. 7,523 11 Lower Thoroughfare at or near Wenona, Deal Island, Md. 1,514 2 Lubec Channel, Maine ...... 96,993 176 Lynnhaven Roads, Inlet, and Connecting Waters, Va. 1,441 4 Machias River, Maine 632 1 Mackay Creek, N.C.- 130 () Malden River, Mass.- 7,700 8 Manasquan River, N.J. 41,502 62 Manhasset Bay, N.Y. 956,820 2,870 Manokin River, Md. 314 1 Mantua Creek, N.J. 274,819 275 Mattaponi River, Va. 10,581 18 Maurice River, N.J. 12,018 84 Meherrin River, N.C. 4,938 52 Menemsha Creek, Martha's Vineyard, Mass. 182 (1) Miami River, Fla. ------223,343 1,133 Mianus River and Cos Cob Harbor, Conn. 2,430 3 Middle River and Dark Head Creek, Md. 81 (1) Milford Haven, Va. 1,368 1 Mill Creek, Md. 144 () Mispillion River, Del. 19,951 239 Mulberry Creek, Va. 1,198 1 Murderkill River, Del. 141 (1) Mystic River, Conn. -17 () Mystic River, Mass.. 4,861,799 4,829 Nandua Creek, Va. 119 (1) Nansemond River, Va. 510,564 4,238

See footnotes at end of table.

90 APPENDIX A-NAVIGATION

A-7. Project Waterways, Commerce Reported for Calendar Year 1966-Continued (In tons of 2,000 pounds)

Waterway Tons Total ton-miles (000 omitted) ATLANTIC COAST-Continued Nanticoke River (including Northwest Fork), Del., and Md ...... - 422,374 16,582 Narraguagus River, Maine--- _--- - 3,669 6 Narrows of Lake Champlain, N.Y., and Vt. 1,185,230 15,876 Neale Sound, Md. 3,817 5 Neponset River, Mass. 44 (') Neuse River, N.C. 305,139 6,438 New Jersey Intracoastal Waterway 158,439 951 New River, Fla. 192 (1) New York and New Jersey Channels, N.Y., and N.J. ------114,184,176 1,794,059 New York State Barge Canal System, N.Y. 3,147,129 357,351 Newark Bay, N.J.------25,693,637 101,544 Newport News Creek, Va. 255,599 102 Newtown Creek, N.Y. 5,656,933 16,971 Nomini Bay and Creek, Va. 8,861 27 Northeast (Cape Fear) River, N.C. 211,211 5,280 Northeast River, Md. 78 (1) Occohannock Creek, Va. 432 2 Occoquan Creek, Va. 143,981 604 Ocracoke Inlet, N.C. 1,869 3 Onancock River, Va. 126,451 695 Orowoc Creek, N.Y.----- 1,133 1 Oyster Channel, Va. 23,552 21 Pagan River, Va. 21,519 86 Pamlico and Tar Rivers, N.C. 135,412 4,949 Pamunkey River, Va. 18,736 37 Parish Creek, Md. 2,713 2 Parrotts Creek, Va. 3,107 2 Passaic River, N.J. 10,211,109 63,617 Patchogue River, N.Y. 290,075 218 Patchogue River, Westbrook, Conn. 72 () Patuxent River, Md. 161,011 1,043 Peconic Bay and River, N.Y. 767 2 Penobscot River, Maine 1,644,697 29,116 Perquimans River, N.C. 4,713 60 Piscataqua River, Maine, and N.H. 1,348,969 6,853 Pleasant River, Maine 326 1 Pocomoke River, Md. 99,443 2,239 Potomac River below Washington, D.C. 4,868,729 230,949 Potomac River, Virginia Channel, D.C. 735,480 3,089 Potomac River, Washington Channel, D.C. 210 () Queens Creek, Va. 10 () Quinby Creek, Va. 6,380 5 See footnotes at end of table.

91 REPORT OF THE CHIEF OF ENGINEERS, U.S. ARMY, 1967

A-7. Project Waterways, Commerce Reported for Calendar Year 1966-Continued (In tons of 2,000 pounds)

Waterway Tons Total ton-miles (000 omitted) ATLANTIC COAST-Continued Raccoon Creek, N.J. 1,332 12 Rahway River, N.J. 82,285 189 Rancocas River, N.J. 4,245 6 Rappahonnock River, Va. 209,338 10,082 Raritan River, N.J. 10,598,593 46,840 Raritan River to Arthur Kill Cut-Off Channel, N.J...... 5,342,139 5,842 Rhodes Point to Tylerton, Somerset County, Md. 195 (1) Rice Creek, Fla. 149,963 600 Roanoke River, N.C. 375,433 7,685 Rollinson Channel, N.C. 13,205 40 Royal River, Maine 19,853 36 Saco River, Maine 266 2 St. Catherines Sound, Md. 2,708 4 St. Croix River, Maine 10,180 38 St. Jeromes Creek, Md. 1,068 2 St. Johns River, Fla., Jacksonville to Lake Harney 1,080,993 79,942 St. Jones River, Del. 25 () St. Lucie Inlet, Fla. 1,233 4 St. Marys River, Ga., and Fla. 161,339 968 St. Patricks Creek, Md. 4,397 4 St. Peters Creek, Md. ------10 (') Sakonnet River and Harbor, R.I. 1,845 1 Salem River, N.J. ------3,151 13 Sandy Hook Bay at Leonardo, N.J. 300 (3) Sandy Hook Bay, N.J...... 9,377 (3) Santee River, S.C. 880 53 Savannah River below Augusta, Ga. 57,351 11,241 Scarboro River, Maine 198 (1) Schuylkill River, Pa. 15,798,602 68,194 Scuppernong River, N.C. 20,603 103 Seekonk River, R.I. 126,606 253 Shallotte River, N.C. 744 2 Sheepshead Bay, N.Y. 167,199 50 Shinnecock Inlet, N.Y. 998 2 Shipyard River, S.C. 738,025 738 Shoal Harbor and Compton Creek, N.J. 1,775 () Slaughter Creek, Md. 371 1 Smith Creek, Md...... 1,856 3 Smiths Creek (Pamlico County), N.C. 890 1 Smiths Creek (Wilmington), N.C. 850 3 Smyrna River, Del. 74 1

See footnotes at end of table.

92 APPENDIX A-NAVIGATION

A-7. Project Waterways, Commerce Reported for Calendar Year 1966-Continued (In tons of 2,000 pounds)

Waterway To s Total ton-miles (000 omitted) ATLANTIC COAST-Co ntinued Starlings Creek, Va. 16,087 10 Stumpy Point Bay, N.C... 3,824 6 Susquehanna River above and below Havre de Grace, M d...... 39,799 220 Tangier Channel, Va. 4,145 6 Taunton River, Mass. 64 (1) Thames River, Conn.------853,706 12,721 Totuskey Creek, Va. 47,091 259 Town Creek, Md. 376 (1) Town River, Mass. 855,859 642 Tred Avon River, Md. 132,185 983 Trent River, N.C.. .. . 2,010 3 Tuckerton Creek, N.J. 4,756 14 Twitch Cove and Big Thoroughfare River, Md. 6,995 35 Tyaskin Creek, Md. 9 (1) Upper Bay, New York Harbor, N.Y. and N.J. 137,675,608 764,230 Upper Machodoc Creek, Va. 767 1 Upper Thoroughfare, Deal Island, Md. 4,693 3 Urbanna Creek, Va.------19,419 10 Waccamaw River, N.C., and S.C. 45,374 1,883 Wallabout Channel, N.Y. 79,039 16 Warren River, R.I. 2,293 3 Warwick River, Md...... 11,224 17 Washington Canal and South River, N.J. 80,289 72 Waterway connecting Pamlico Sound and Beaufort Harbor, N.C...... 6,817 161 Waterway connecting Swan Quarter Bay with Deep Bay, N.C. 688 1 Waterway on the Coast of Virginia 85,667 557 Westchester Creek, N.Y. 779,778 1,560 Westport River, Mass. 28 (1) Weymouth Back River, Mass. 2,500 1 Weymouth Fore River, Mass. 2,303,625 12,973

Whitings Creek, Va...... 4 (1) Wicomico River, Md. (Eastern Shore) 780,940 23,411 Willoughby Channel, Va.. ... 6,628 7 Wilmington Harbor, N.C. (see also Port of Wilmington, N.C., for port data) 5,272,182 125,237 Woodbridge Creek, N.J. 2,968 (1) Woods Hole Channel, Mass. 65,410 59 Wrights Creek, N.C. 455 (1) York River, Va. 4,487,395 103,210 See footnotes at end of table.

93 REPORT OF THE CHIEF OF ENGINEERS, U.S. ARMY, 1967

A-7. Project Waterways, Commerce Reported for Calendar Year 1966-Continued (In tons of 2,000 pounds)

Wateorway Tos Total ton-miles (000 omitted) GULF COAST Alabama-Coosa Rivers, Ala., and Ga. 1,139,734 62,597 Anahuac Channel, Tex. .... 415,231 2,073 Anclote River, Fla..... 637 6 Apalachicola, Chattahoochee and Flint Rivers, Ga., and Fla. 387,340 38,646 Atehafalaya River, La., Morgan City to Gulf of Mexico -.-...... 5,503,916 176,871 Barataria Bay Waterway, La...... 4,777,942 89,389 Bayous: Bernard, Miss. 21,187 151 Big Pigeon and Little Pigeon, La. 103,670 1,451 Bonfouca, La. 20,873 188 Casotte, Miss. 5,904,495 24,505 Cedar, Tex. 229,044 1,207 Chico, Fla. 100,863 122 Chocolate, Tex. 2,321,536 21,444 Coden, Ala 1,366 1 Dickinson, Tex. 635,169 7,502 Double, Tex. 18,180 78 Dupre, La...... 193,026 447 Grosse Tete, La. 1,556 37 Johnsons, La. 334,024 1,670 LaBatre, Ala. 22,082 64 Lacombe, La. 106,899 535 Lafourche and Lafourche-Jump Water- way, La. 2,066,782 26,942 LaGrange, Fla. 106,358 438 LaLoutre, St. Malo, and Yscloskey, La. _ 144,807 434 Little Caillou, La. 48,754 746 Petit Anse, Tigre, and Carlin, La. 1,008,322 7,473 Plaquemine Brule, La. 109,280 1,937 Segnette Waterway, La. 119,544 241 Teche, La. 835,487 45,382 Teche and Vermilion River, La. 1,214,793 19,611 Terrebonne, La. 629,140 9,128 Watson, Fla. 56,741 64 Black Warrior and Tombigbee Rivers, Ala. 8,181,321 2,076,416 Blackwater River, Fla. 73,559 853 Bluff Creek, Miss. 1,000 10 Bon Secour River, Ala. 6,145 18 Brazos Island Harbor, Tex. (Waterway) 4,725,687 73,738 Calcasieu River and Pass, La. 16,530,105 256,190 Channel from Naples to Gordon Pass and Big Marco Pass, Fla. 4,286 15

See footnotes at end of table.

94 APPENDIX A-NAVIGATION

A-7. Project Waterways, Commerce Reported for Calendar Year 1966-Continued (In tons of 2,000 pounds)

Waterway Tons Total ton-miles (000 omitted) GULF COAST-Continued Channel to Aransas Pass, Tex. 21,700 60 Channel to Palacios, Tex. 149,099 2,087 Channel to Rockport, Tex. 3,386 10 Chefuncte and Bogue Falia Rivers, La. 41,816 240 Chickasaw Creek, Ala. 820,997 1,338 Clear Creek, Tex 330,058 4,172 Crystal River, Fla. 1,611 14 Cypress Bayou and Waterway between Jeffer- son, Tex., and Shreveport, La. 108 1 East Pass Channel from the Gulf of Mexico into Choctawhatchee Bay, Fla. 393 (1) East Pearl River, Miss. 46,657 877 Escambia and Conecuh Rivers, Fla., and Ala., Escambia Bay, Fla. ----- 676,407 13,225 Franklin Canal, La. 1 (1) Guadalupe River to Victoria, Tex. 927,629 19,344 Gulf County Canal, Fla. 236,080 1,239 Gulf Intracoastal Waterway: Between Apalachee Bay, Fla., and the Mexican Border 81,278,882 12,720,408 Morgan City-Port Allen Route 10,496,798 638,117 Homosassa River, Fla. 570 3 Houma Navigation Canal, La. 1,088,909 31,816 Hudson River, Fla. 43 (1) Innerharbor Navigation Canal, La. 8,393,630 28,037 Intracoastal Waterway, Caloosahatchee River to Anclote River, Fla. 278,414 10,517 Kissimmee River, Fla. 1,356 1 Lake Charles Deep Water Channel, La." 30,660,863 763,958 Little Manatee River, Fla. 948 4 Manatee River, Fla. 63,652 507 Matagorda Ship Channel, Tex. 4,337,074 101,900 Mermentau River, La. 1,611,392 44,323 Mermentau River, Bayou Nezpique and Bayou Des Cannes, La.---- 2,381,566 74,686 Okeechobee Waterway, Fla. 306,246 15,111 Pass Manchac, La. 629,706 4,408 Pearl River, Miss., and La. 521,233 18,650 Pithlachascotee River, Fla.--- 344 1 Port Aransas-Corpus Christi Waterway, Tex. -_ _ _------29,065,401 474,249 Port Mansfield, Tex. (Tributary) 73,359 108

See footnotes at end of table.

95 REPORT OF THE CHIEF OF ENGINEERS, U.S. ARMY, 1967

A-7. Project Waterways, Commerce Reported for Calendar Year 1966-Continued (In tons of 2,000 pounds)

Waterway Tons Total ton-miles (000 omitted) GULF COAST-Continued Sabine-Neches Waterway, Tex. 79,663,161 1,627,828 St. Marks River, Fla. 620,737 6,847 San Bernard River, Tex.------926,809 23,242 Steinhatchee River, Fla.----- 797 4 Suwannee River, Fla. 975 7 Three Mile Creek, Ala...... 5,027,315 1,548 Tributary Arroyo Colorado, Tex. 261,368 6,294 Trinity River, Channel to Liberty, Tex, 327,722 3,616 Vinton Waterway, La. 16,409 164 Waterway connecting the Tombigbee and Tennessee Rivers, Ala., and Miss. 62,868 983 Waterway from Empire, La., to Gulf of M exico ------945,963 8,871 Waterway from Intracoastal Waterway to Bayou Dulac, La. (Bayous LeCarpe and Grand Caillou) 158,523 1,441 Watson Bayou, Fla. 56,741 64 Withlacoochee River, Fla. 81,043 729 Wolf and Jordan Rivers, Miss. 70,321 844

PACIFIC COAST

Alsea Bay and River, Oreg. 8 (1) Chetco River, Oreg. 191,292 77 Chinook Channel, Wash. 495 (1) Clatskanie River, Oreg. 56,872 214 Columbia River: Mouth to International Boundary (net) 24,036,478 2,062,968 At Baker Bay, Wash...... 5,296 26 Columbia and Lower Willamette Rivers below Vancouver, Wash., and Portland, Oreg. 26,069,957 1,605,462 Between Wenatchee and Kettle Falls, W ash...... 335,699 8,147 Vancouver, Wash., to The Dalles, Oreg.- 4,079,625 231,012 Columbia River above The Dalles Dam, Wash., and Oreg., to McNary Lock and Dam, Oreg., and Wash. 1,639,653 167,056 Columbia River and tributaries above McNary Lock and Dam to Kennewick, W ash...... 1,428,547 57,490 Coos and Millicoma Rivers, Oreg. 4,960,376 41,541 Coquille River, Oreg., Bandon to Myrtle Point .- - -....------..... 453,485 1,151 See footnotes at end of table.

96 APPENDIX A-NAVIGATION

A-7. Project Waterways, Commerce Reported for Calendar Year 1966-Continued (In tons of 2,000 pounds)

Waterway Tons Total ton-miles (000 omitted) PACIFIC COAST-Continued Coquille River, Oreg., (entrance) ..... 285,969 286 Cowlitz River, Wash. 181,462 774 Deep River, Wash. -.. 87,235 266 Elokomin Slough, Wash. 254,799 510 Grays River, Wash. -1,884 4 Hoquiam River, Wash. ... 537,237 1,054 Lake River, Wash. --... 63,142 121 Lake Washington Ship Canal, Wash. 2,502,910 (3) Lewis River, Wash. -- 75,589 487 Middle River and connecting channels, Calif. 2,418 5 Mokelumne River, Calif. 53,597 536 Multnomah Channel, Oreg ------716,741 2,295 Naknek River, Alaska 44,074 352 Napa River, Calif. 251,411 2,375 Noyo River, Calif. 3,885 4 Old River, Calif. ------110,036 2,612 Petaluma River, Calif.. .. 416,162 4,144 Quillayute River, Wash...... 1,023 1 Rogue River, Oreg. -53,055 53 Sacramento Deep Water Ship Channel, Calif. 1,743,816 74,447 Sacramento River, Calif..... 2,179,347 127,001 San Joaquin River, Calif... 4,607,055 120,018 San Pablo Bay and Mare Island Strait, Calif. 19,960,565 229,398 San Rafael Creek, Calif. 1 (1) Siuslaw River, Oreg. . .98,442 1,311 Skagit River, Wash. 22,734 285 Skipanon Channel, Oreg.... 258,313 269 Smith River, Oreg.... 876,290 12,964 Snake River, Oreg., Wash., and Idaho 708,396 5,595 Stikine River, Alaska 276 8 Suisun Bay Channel, Calif.------9,501,681 92,363 Suisun Channel, Calif ------155,488 2,021 Swinomish Slough, Wash. ------632,287 4,453 Umpqua River, Oreg... 1,059,736 7,006 Waterway connecting Port Townsend Bay and Oak Bay, Wash...... 443,487 443 Westport Slough, Oreg. ------233,355 239 Willamette River above Portland and Yamhill River, Oreg. ... 4,372,745 32,336 Wrangell Narrows, Alaska _ 196,727 4,721 Yaquina River, Oreg ...... ------509,344 1,930 Youngs Bay and Youngs River, Oreg. 570,980 1,078 See footnotes at end of table.

97 REPORT OF THE CHIEF OF ENGINEERS, U.S. ARMY. 1967

A-7. Project Waterways, Commerce Reported for Calendar Year 1966-Continued (In tons of 2,000 pounds)

Waterway Tons Total ton-miles (000 omitted) GREAT LAKES Calumet-Sag Channel, Ill .. 4,468,918 98,597 Channels in Lake St. Clair, Mich. 113,252,429 (5) Chicago River (Main and North Branch), Ill...... ------3,087,231 (") Chicago River (South Branch), Ill. 4,774,615 25,668 Chicago Sanitary and Ship Canal, Ill. 19,484,332 338,249 Detroit River, Mich. 129,225,393 3,557,293 Grays Reef Passage, Mich...... 7,156,772 (") Keweenaw Waterway, Mich. 519,031 (3) Lake Calumet, Ill. 1,139,073 (1) Niagara River, N.Y. 2,107,183 (8) Rouge River, Mich. 12,696,903 (3) Saginaw River, Mich. 7,243,288 (8) St. Clair River, Mich. 113,928,646 6,411,670 St. Joseph River, Mich. 2,699 (3) St. Marys River, Mich. 87,290,711 5,320,587 Sturgeon Bay and Lake Michigan Ship Canal, W is.------259,634 (B)

MISSISSIPPI RIVER SYSTEM Allegheny River, Pa., improved portion 5,193,255 61,894 Allegheny River, Pa., open channel portion 116,700 117 Arkansas River, Ark., and Okla. 1,161,931 2,916 Atchafalaya River, La. - 4,403,086 425,199 Barkley Canal, Cumberland and Tennessee Rivers ------530,502 1,061 Big Sandy River, Tug and Levisa Forks, Ky., and W. Va . 789,148 3,063 Black River, Wis. -- ...... 324,240 446 Cumberland River, Mouth to Burnside, Ky. (net) ...... 3,404,023 524,801 Mouth to Nashville, Tenn. 3,293,554 515,413 Nashville, Tenn., to Burnside, Ky. 267,635 9,388 French Broad and Little Pigeon Rivers, Tenn. 108,567 1,084 Green and Barren Rivers, Ky. 11,677,155 1,065,185 Illinois River, Ill. 27,973,248 5,494,471 Kanawha River, W. Va.------13,133,204 715,909 Kentucky River, Ky. 403,275 26,277 Little Kanawha River, W. Va. 186,066 567 Minnesota River, Minn. 2,816,376 35,736 Mississippi River: Minneapolis, Minn., to mouth of Passes (net) ...... 193,950,405 67,794,510 See footnotes at end of table.

98 APPENDIX A-NAVIGATION

A-7. Project Waterways, Commerce Reported for Calendar Year 1966-Continued (In tons of 2,000 pounds)

Waterway Tons Total ton-mites (000 omitted) MISSISSIPPI RIVER SYSTEM-Continued Minneapolis, Minn., to mouth of Missouri River 41,311,941 7,504,081 Mouth of Missouri River to mouth of Ohio River 46,398,038 7,008,394 Mouth of Ohio River to but not including Baton Rouge, La. 66,189,233 37,310,587 Baton Rouge, La., to but not including New Orleans, La. 91,516,328 7,139,895 New Orleans, La., to mouth of Passes 125,589,283 8,831,552 Mississippi River-Gulf Outlet, La. 2,884,143 109,359 Missouri River: Fort Benton, Mont., to the mouth (net) 7,948,179 1,193,112 Kansas City to the mouth 5,488,108 889,927 Omaha to Kansas City 3,467,362 285,912 Sioux City to Omaha 542,997 17,138 Fort Benton to Sioux City 27,110 135 Monongahela River, Pa., and W. Va. 39,618,556 1,790,343 Mouth of Yazoo River, Miss. 973,266 3,160 Muskingum River, Ohio 39,421 8 Ohio River, Pittsburgh to Mouth 109,618,779 24,599,352 Ouachita and Black Rivers, Ark., and La. 241,765 29,948 Red River below Fulton, Ark. 219,919 5,555 St. Croix River, Wis., and Minn. 17,122 394 St. Francis and L'Anguille Rivers and Black- fish Bayou, Ark.-_------250 15 Tennessee River, Tenn., Ala., and Ky. 19,709,141 2,556,419 Upper White River, Ark. 46,000 138 White River, Ark., below Batesville, Ark. 689,815 26,227 Wolf River, Tenn. 1,185,918 2,601 Yazoo River, Miss. 207,393 7,354 Youghiogheny River, Pa. 11,730 2

x Less than 500 ton-miles. 2Included in Delaware River, Philadelphia, Pa., to the sea. 3 Ton-miles not reported. - Included in Gulf Intracoastal Waterway between Apalachee Bay, Fla., and the Mexican Border. I Included in St. Clair River, Mich.

APPENDIX B--FLOOD CONTROL

APPENDIX B

FLOOD CONTROL

B-1. Flood Control Projects Placed in Useful Operation During Fiscal Year 1967

Fiscal Date placed Project year in useful Nature of project started operation Bear Creek, Calif. 1963 Oct. 1966 Local protection. Carlyle, Ill...... 1958 Apr. 1967 Reservoir. East Point, La...... 1966 May 1967 Local protection. Floyd River, Sioux City, Iowa 1961 Sept. 1966 Local protection. Green Bay Levee and Drainage District No. 2, Iowa 1964 Sept. 1966 Local protection. Kinzua Dam, Pa. and N.Y. 1960 Jan. 1967 Reservoir. Lower Woonsocket, R.I. 1964 Sept. 1966 Local protection. Marion County Drainage District, Mo. ... 1965 Nov. 1966 Local protection. Middle Creek, Calif. 1959 Oct. 1966 Local protection. Milford, Kans. 1962 Jan. 1967 Reservoir. Mississinewa, Ind. 1962 Dec. 1966 Reservoir. Shenango River, Ohio and Pa. 1961 Feb. 1967 Reservoir. Somerville, Tex. 1962 Jan. 1967 Reservoir. Subdistrict No. 1 of Drainage Union No. 1 and Bay Island Drainage and Levee District No. 1, Ill. 1963 Dec. 1966 Local protection. Waterloo, Nebr.- - 1966 Apr. 1967 Local protection. West Branch, Mahoning River, Ohio- 1963 Dec. 1966 Reservoir. Winona, Minn. 1965 Nov. 1966 Local protection.

101 REPORT OF THE CHIEF OF ENGINEERS, U.S. ARMY, 1967

B-2. Flood Control Projects Initiated During Fiscal Year 1967

Scheduled Project Date fscal year Nature of project starbed completion Atchison, Kans. June 1967 1969 Local protection. Buck Creek, Ohio ...... Sept. 1966 1969 Reservoir. Des Moines River at Des Moines, Iowa Nov. 1966 1970 Local protection. Gathright, Va...... June 1967 1971 Reservoir. Heise-Roberts Extension, Idaho Nov. 1966 1969 Local protection. Indian Grave Drainage and Levee District, Ill. Oct. 1966 1970 Local protection. Lawrence, Kans. June 1967 1970 Local protection. Melvern, Kans.. May 1967 1972 Reservoir. Milton-Freewater, Ore. Sept. 1966 1968 Local protection. Mt. Carmel, Ill. Dec. 1966 1968 Local protection. New Bullards Bar, Calif.' Apr. 1967 1970 Reservoir. New Hope, N.C. June 1967 1971 Reservoir. Pattonsburg, Mo. (Advance Highway Participation) Jan. 1967 1971 Highway relocation. Portneuf River and Marsh Creek (Pocatello Unit), Idaho July 1966 1969 Local protection. Prairie du Pont, Ill. June 1967 1968 Local protection. R. D. Bailey, W.Va. June 1967 1973 Reservoir. Rushford, Minn. June 1967 1969 Local protection. Scranton, Pa. Dec. 1966 1968 Local protection. Sturgis, Ky...... May 1967 1968 Local protection. Sucker Brook, Conn. Sept. 1966 1969 Reservoir. Union City, Pa. Nov. 1966 1970 Reservoir.

SBeing constructed by local interests. Federal contribution for providing flood control storage

102 APPENDIX B-FLOOD CONTROL

B-3. Flood Control Projects Under Construction During Fiscal Year 1967

Fiscal Scheduled Project year fiscal year Nature of project started completion Alameda Creek, Calif. 1965 1971 Channel improvement. Alamo, Ariz. 1963 1968 Reservoir. Albuquerque Diversion Channels, N. Mex. 1965 1968 Local protection. Bardwell, Tex. 1964 1967 Reservoir. Battle Creek, Kalamazoo River, Mich. 1957 Indefinite Local protection. Beltzville, Pa. 1966 1970 Reservoir. Big Fossil Creek, Tex. 1964 1967 Local protection. Black Butte, Calif. 1960 1968 Reservoir. Black Rock, Conn.---- 1966 1970 Reservoir. Blanchard, Pa. 1965 1970 Reservoir. Blue River, Ore. 1963 1968 Reservoir. Bowman-Haley, N. Dak. 1964 1968 Reservoir. Brookville, Ind. 1966 1972 Reservoir. Buffalo Bayou and Tributaries, Tex. 1956 1969 Local protection. Campti-Clarence Levee District, La. 1964 1968 Local protection. Canyon, Tex. 1958 1967 Reservoir. Carr Fork, Ky. 1966 1969 Reservoir. Cave Run, Ky. 1965 1971 Reservoir. Central and Southern Florida 1950 After 1972 Local protection. Chariton River, Mo. 1948 1970 Local protection. Clarence Cannon, Mo. 1966 1973 Reservoir. Cochiti, N. Mex. 1965 1972 Reservoir. Colebrook River, Conn. and Mass. 1965 1969 Reservoir. Curwensville, Pa. 1962 1968 Reservoir. Deer Creek, Ohio 1965 1968 Reservoir. DeQueen, Ark. 1966 1971 Reservoir. Des Moines and Mississippi River Levee District No. 1, Mo. 1966 1968 Local protection. East Lynn, W. Va. 1965 1970 Reservoir. East St. Louis, Ill. 1937 1967 Local protection. Eau Galle River, Wise. 1964 1969 Reservoir and channel improvements. Elkland, Pa. 1963 1967 Local protection. Evansville, Ind. 1939 Indefinite Local protection. Fall Creek, Oregon 1962 1968 Reservoir. Fire Island Inlet to Montauk Point, N.Y. 1965 1974 Local protection. Fishtrap, Ky. 1962 1968 Reservoir. Fort Worth Floodway (Clear Fork), Tex. 1965 1970 Local protection. Fort Worth Floodway (West Fork,) Tex. 1965 1968 Local protection. Four Rivers Basin, Fla. 1966 After 1972 Local protection. Freeport and Vicinity, Tex. 1966 1971 Local protection. Galisteo, N. Mex. 1965 1970 Reservoir.

103 REPORT OF THE CHIEF OF ENGINEERS, U.S. ARMY, 1967

B-S. Flood Control Projects Under Construction During Fiscal Year 1967-Continued

Fiscal Scheduled Project year fiscal year Nature of project tarted completion Garland City, Ark.. 1963 1970 Local protection. Gering Valley, Nebr. - 1963 1968 Local protection. Gillham, Ark. 1963 1970 Reservoir. Grayson, Ky... 1964 1967 Reservoir. Green River, Ky. 1964 1968 Reservoir. Henderson County Drainage District No. 1, Ill. -- 1966 1968 Local protection. Henderson County Drainage District No. 2, Ill. 1966 1968 Local protection. Hop Brook, Conn...... 1965 1968 Reservoir. Hunt Drainage District and Lima Lake Drainage District, Ill. 1961 1969 Local protection. Huntington, Ind. 1963 1968 Reservoir. Iowa River-Flint Creek Levee District No. 16, Iowa 1963 1970 Local protection. Isabella, Calif. 1948 1968 Reservoir. Ithaca, N.Y., Cayuga Inlet 1965 1968 Local protection. Jackson and East Jackson, Miss. 1965 1968 Local protection. Kansas Citys, Mo. and Kan. 1940 Indefinite Local protection. Kaw, Okla. 1966 1973 Reservoir. Latrobe, Pa. 1966 1968 Local protection. Levee Unit 5, Wabash River, Ind. 1964 1968 Local protection. Little Papillion Creek, Nebr. 1966 1969 Local protection. Los Angeles County Drainage area, Calif... 1935 1968 Local protection. Lower Columbia River Basin, Bank Protection Works, Ore. and Wash. 1961 1977 Local protection. Lower San Joaquin, Calif. 1957 1968 Levees and channels. Maniece Bayou, Ark. 1959 1968 Local protection. Marion, Kans.------1964 1968 Reservoir. Midland Drainage District, Ore. . 1966 1967 Local protection. Missouri River Agricultural Levees, Iowa, Kans., Nebr., and Mo. 1948 Indefinite Local protection. Missouri River Agricultural Levees, Sioux City, Iowa to Rulo, Nebr. 1948 Indefinite Local protection. Missouri River, Garrison to Oahe, N. Dak. and S. Dak. 1965 1968 Bank stabilization. Muscatine Island Levee District and Muscatine-Louisa County Drainage District No. 13, Iowa 1960 1970 Local protection. Navarro Mills, Tex. 1959 1967 Reservoir. New Athens, Ill. -- 1966 1968 Local protection. New Hogan, Calif. ------1960 1968 Reservoir. Norfolk, Nebr. 1966 1969 Local protection. Norfolk, Va...... 1965 1969 Local protection.

104 APPENDIX B-FLOOD CONTROL

B-S. Flood Control Projects Under Construction During Fiscal Year 1967-Continued

Fiscal Scheduled Project year fiscal year Nature of project started completion Okatibbee, Miss. 1965 1968 Reservoir. Optima, Okla. 1966 1972 Reservoir. Oroville, Calif.1 1957 1968 Reservoir. Paint Creek, Ohio ---- 1966 1970 Reservoir. Pat Mayse, Tex. 1965 1967 Reservoir. Perry, Kans...... 1964 1970 Reservoir. Pine Creek, Okla. 1963 1969 Reservoir. Pine Flat, Calif.--- 1947 1970 Reservoir. Port Arthur and Vicinity, Tex. 1966 1971 Local protection. Raritan Bay and Sandy Hook Bay, N .J .------1965 1971 Local protection. Rathbun, Kans. 1964 1969 Reservoir. Red River below Denison Dam, levees and bank stabilization, Tex. 1948 1971 Local protection. Red Rock, Iowa 1960 1969 Reservoir. Redwood Creek, Calif. 1966 1969 Channel improvements. Rend Lake, Ill. 1966 1970 Reservoir. River Rouge, Mich. 1966 1969 Reservoir. Russian River, Calif. 1956 1970 Reservoir. Sacramento River Bank Protection, Calif. 1963 1973 Local protection. Sacramento River, Flood Control, C alif...... 1918 1969 Local protection. Sacramento River, Major and Minor Tributaries, Calif. 1949 1971 Local protection. Saginaw River, Mich. 1965 Indefinite Local protection. St. Louis, Mo. 1959 1969 Local protection. Salamonie River, Ind. 1962 1967 Reservoir. Salt Creek and Tributaries, Nebr. 1961 1968 Local protection. San Antonio Channel Improvement, Tex...... 1957 1974 Local protection. Saylorville, Iowa 1965 1971 Reservoir. Shelbyville, Ill. 1963 1970 Reservoir. Sheridan, Wyo. 1961 1970 Local protection. Sny Basin, Ill. 1960 1968 Local protection. Sny Island Levee Drainage District, Ill...... 1965 1969 Local protection. South Quincy Drainage and Levee District, Ill. 1966 1968 Local protection. South St. Paul, Minn...... 1966 1968 Local protection. Stamford, Conn. 1965 1968 Local protection. Still house Hollow, Tex. 1962 1968 Reservoir. Success, Calif. 1957 1968 Reservoir. Terminus, Calif. 1958 1968 Reservoir. Texas City, Tex. 1962 1969 Local protection.

See note below table.

105 REPORT OF THE CHIEF OF ENGINEERS, U.S. ARMY, 1967

B-S3. Flood Control Projects Under Construction During Fiscal Year 1967-Continued

Fiscal Scheduled Project year fiscal year Nature of project started completion Tombigbee River Tributaries, Ala. and Miss.. 1965 Indefinite Channel improvements. Topeka, Kans...... 1938 1970 Local protection. Turtle Creek, Pa...... 1963 1968 Local protection. Waco, Tex.. .. 1958 1967 Reservoir. Walnut Creek, Calif. 1964 1971 Local protection. Washougal Area, Wash. 1965 1967 Local protection. Willamette River Basin, Ore. 1938 1970 Local protection.

1 Being constructed by local interests. Federal contribution for providing flood control storage.

106

REPORT OF THE CHIEF OF ENGINEERS. U.S. ARMY. 1967

B-4. Flood Control Reservoirs Operable June 30, 1967

Nomenclature for Project Functions

A-Low flow augmentation N-Navigation F-Flood control D-Debris control I-Irrigation Q-Water quality control

Community Name River basin Stream in vicinity

Arizona: Alamo Colorado Bill Williams Wenden River Painted Rock Colorado Gila River Gila Bend Whitlow Ranch Colorado Queen Creek Superior Arkansas: Blue Mountain Arkansas Petit Jean River Paris Millwood Red Little River Ashdown Nimrod Red Fourche La Danville Fave River California: Black Butte Sacramento Stony Creek Orland Brea Santa Ana Brea Creek Fullerton Carbon Canyon Santa Ana Carbon Canyon Brea Creek Coyote Valley Russian East Fork of Ukiah Russian River Farmington San Joaquin Littlejohn Creek Farmington Fullerton Santa Ana East Fullerton Fullerton Creek Hansen Los Angeles Big Tujunga Los Angeles Wash Harry L. Engle- bright Sacramento Yuba Marysville Isabella San Joaquin Kern River Bakersfield Lopez Los Angeles Pacoima Wash San Fernando Merced County Stream Group: Bear San Joaquin Bear Creek Merced Burns San Joaquin Burns Creek Merced Mariposa San Joaquin Mariposa Creek Merced Owens San Joaquin Owens Creek Merced New Hogan San Joaquin Calaveras Valley Springs

Pine Flat San Joaquin Kings River Piedra Prado Santa Ana Santa Ana Corona River

See footnotes at end of table.

108 APPENDIX B--FLOOD CONTROL

B-4. Flood Control Reservoirs Operable June 30, 1967-Continued

R-Public recreation (annual public W-Fish and wildlife (Federal or State) attendance exceeding 5,000) X--Water conservation and sedimenta- S-Water supply tion

Calen- dar Perm a- Characteristicsof dam year nent placed Total pool Project in storage (acreage) functions useful (acre-feet) orno Height Length oper- pool Type (feet) (feet) ation (NPP)

1968 1,043,000 500 FRWX Earth 283 975

1959 2,491,700 NPP FRWX Earth 181 4,796 1960 35,890 NPP FRWX Earth 149 837

1947 258,000 2,900 FRWX Earth 115 2,800 1965 1,858,000 24,500 FRSX Earth 88 17,554 1942 336,000 3,600 FRWX Concrete 97 1,012

1963 160,000 770 FIRX Earth 140 2,975 1942 4,100 NPP FRX Earth 87 1,765 1961 7,050 NPP FRX Earth 99 2,610

1959 122,500 1,700 FRX Earth 160 3,500

1951 52,000 NPP F Earth 58 7,800 1941 743 NPP FRX Earth 47 575

1940 32,000 NPP FRX Earth 97 10,475

1941 69,000 400 DR Concrete 260 1,140 1953 570,000 1,850 FIRX Earth 185 4,982 1954 209 NPP FX Earth 50 1,300

1954 7,700 NPP F Earth 92 1,830 1950 7,000 NPP F Earth 55 4,070 1948 15,000 NPP F Earth 88 1,330 1949 3,600 NPP F Earth 75 790 1963 325,000 715 FIRX Earth & 200 1,960 rock 1954 1,000,000 NPP FIRX Concrete 429 1,820 1941 217,000 NPP FRX Earth 106 2,280

109 REPORT OF THE CHIEF OF ENGINEERS, U.S. ARMY. 1967

B-4. Flood Control Reservoirs Operable June 30, 1967-Continued

Community Name River basin Stream in vicinity

San Antonio Santa Ana San Antonio Upland Creek Santa Fe San Gabriel San Gabriel Duarte River Sepulveda Los Angeles Los Angeles Van Nuys River Success San Joaquin Tule River Porterville Terminus San Joaquin Kaweah Visalia Whittier Narrows San Gabriel San Gabriel El Monte River Rio Hondo Colorado: Cherry Creek Missouri Cherry Creek Denver John Martin Arkansas Arkansas River Lamar

Connecticut: Hancock Brook Housatonic Hancock Brook Plymouth Mansfield Hollow Thames Natchaug River Willimantic Northfield Brook Thames Northfield Brook Thomaston Thomaston Housatonic Naugatuck River Thomaston West Thompson Thames Quinebaug Thompson Idaho: Lucky Peak Columbia Boise River Boise Illinois: Carlyle Upper Kaskaskia River Carlyle Mississippi Farm Creek Reservoirs: Fondulac Upper Fondulac Creek Peoria Mississippi Farmdale Upper Farm Creek Mississippi Indiana: Cagles Mill Ohio Mill Creek Terre Haute Mansfield Ohio Raccoon Creek Rockville Mississinewa Ohio Mississinewa Peru Monroe Ohio Salt Creek Harrodsburg Salamonie Ohio Salamonie Wabash Iowa: Coralville Upper Iowa River Iowa City Mississippi Kansas: Council Grove Arkansas Grand (Neosho) Council Grove Elk City Arkansas Elk River Independence

See footnotes at end of table.

110 APPENDIX B--FLOOD CONTROL

B-4. Flood Control Reservoirs Operable June 30, 1967-Continued

1956 9,285 NPP FRX Earth 160 3,850

1949 33,400 NPP FX Earth 92 23,800

1941 17,300 NPP FX Earth 57 15,443

1961 85,000 400 FIRX Earth 142 3,490 1962 150,000 345 FIRX Earth 250 2,375 1957 36,160 NPP FX Earth 56 16,960

1950 96,000 880 FRX Earth 140 14,300 1942 642,400 11,950 FIRX Concrete & 130 13,960 earth

1966 4,030 NPP FRW Earth 57 630 1952 52,000 415 FRW Earth 70 12,422 1965 2,500 8 FRW Earth 118 810 1960 42,000 NPP FRW Earth 142 2,000 1965 26,800 200 FRW Earth 70 2,550

1956 307,000 2,850 FIR Earth 238 1,700

1967 983,000 26,000 FSNRWA Earth 67 6,570

1954 2,280 NPP F Earth 67 1,000

1954 11,300 NPP F Earth 80 1,275

1952 228,120 1,400 FRX Earth 150 950 1960 132,800 1,100 FRX Earth 117 1,790 1967 368,400 1,100 FRW Earth 137 8,100 1964 441,000 3,280 FARS Earth 93 1,400 1966 263,600 976 FRW Earth 133 6,100

1958 492,000 1,820 FAR Earth 100 1,400

1963 114,300 2,860 FRWSXQ Earth 96 6,500 1965 291,000 3,550 FRSQX Earth 107 4,840

111 REPORT OF THE CHIEF OF ENGINEERS, U.S. ARMY, 1967

B-4. Flood Control Reservoirs Operable June 30, 1967-Continued

Community Name River basin Stream in vicinity

Fall River Arkansas Fall River Fall River John Redmond Arkansas Grand (Neosho) Burlington Kanopolis Missouri Smoky Hill Salina River Milford Missouri Republican Junction City River Pomona Missouri 110 Mile Creek Pomona

Toronto Arkansas Verdigris River Toronto

Tuttle Creek Missouri Big Blue River Manhattan

Wilson Missouri Saline River Wilson Kentucky: Barren River Ohio Barren River Glasgow Buckhorn Ohio Middle Fork of Buckhorn Kentucky River Dewey Ohio Johns Creek Paintsville Grayson Ohio Little Sandy Grayson

Nolin Ohio Nolin River Kyrock

Rough River Ohio Rough River Leitchfield

Louisiana: Bayou Bodcau Red Bayou Bodcau Shreveport

Wallace Lake Red Cypress Bayou Shreveport

Massachusetts: Barre Falls Connecticut Ware River Barre

Birch Hill Connecticut Millers River South Royalton

Buffumville Thames Little River Charlton

Conant Brook Connecticut Conant Brook Monson

East Brimfield Connecticut Quinebaug River Fiskdale

Hodges Village Connecticut French River Oxford

Knightville Connecticut Westfield River Huntington

See footnotes at end of table.

112 APPENDIX B-FLOOD CONTROL

B-4. Flood Control Reservoirs Operable June 30, 19 6 7-Continued Calen- dar Perma- Characteristicsof damrn year nent placed Total pool I Project in storage (acreage) func6ions useful (acre-feet) or no oper- Height Length ation ( NPPpool ) Type (feet) (feet)

1949 259,000 2,450 FARWXQ Earth 94 6,015 1963 644,600 7,780 FRWSXQ Earth 86.5 21,790 1948 450,000 3,600 FRWX Earth 131 8,740

1967 1,160,000 15,600 FRSXAW Earth & 126 6,300 rock 1963 246,500 4,000 FARSWX Earth & 111 7,800 rock 1960 195,300 2,800 FARWXQ Earth & 90 4,712 rock 1962 2,346,000 15,800 FNARWX Earth & 157 7,500 rock 1965 776,000 9,000 FIARWX Earth 160 5,600

1964 815,200 3,440 FAR Earth 146 3,970 1960 168,000 550 FR Earth 162 1,020

1949 93,000 1,100 FARW Earth 118 913 1967 118,990 1,050 FQRW Earth & 120 1,460 rock 1963 609,400 2,070 FAR Earth & 174 990 rock 1958 334,400 1,700 FRX Earth & 124 1,530 rock

1949 357,300 NPP FR Earth & 76 12,850 rock 1946 96,100 2,300 FR Earth & 48 4,934 rock

1958 24,000 NPP FRW Earth & 62 885 rock 1941 49,900 NPP FRW Earth & 56 1,400 rock 1958 12,700 200 FRW Earth & 66 3,255 rock 1966 3,740 NPP F Earth & 85 1,050 rock 1960 30,000 360 FRW Earth & 55 520 rock 1959 12,800 NPP FRW Earth & 55 2,140 rock 1941 49,000 NPP FRW Earth & 160 1,200 rock

113 REPORT OF THE CHIEF OF ENGINEERS, U.S. ARMY, 1967

Name Community River basin Stream in vicinity

Littleville Connecticut Middle Branch Chester Westfield River Tully Connecticut Tully River Fryville

West Hill Blackstone West River Uxbridge

Westville Thames Quinebaug River Sturbridge

Minnesota: Lac Qui Parle: Chippewa River Upper Chippewa River Montevideo Mississippi Lac Qui Parle Upper Minnesota River Montevideo Mississippi Marsh Lake Upper Minnesota River Montevideo Mississippi Orwell Red River of Otter Tail River Fergus Falls the North Red Lake Red River of Red Lake River Red Lake the North Mississippi: Arkabutla Lower Coldwater River Arkabutla Mississippi Enid Lower Yacona River Enid Mississippi Grenada Lower Yalobusha River Grenada Mississippi Sardis Lower Little Talla- Sardis Mississippi hatchie River Missouri: Clearwater White Black River Piedmont

Pomme de Terre Missouri Pomme de Terre Hermitage River Wappapello Lower St. Francis Wappapello Mississippi River Nebraska: Harlan County Missouri Republican Republican City River Salt Creek and tributaries: Olive Branch Missouri Salt Creek Sprague (site 2) Olive Branch Missouri Salt Creek Sprague (site 4)

See footnotes at end of table.

114 APPENDIX B-FLOOD CONTROL

Calen- dar Permta- Characteristicsof year nent dam placed Total pool i Project in storage (acreage) funrte6ions useful (acre-feet) or no Height Length oper- pool ation (NPP) Type (feet) (feet) 1965 32,400 275 FRWS Earth & 164 1,360 rock 1949 22,000 300 FRW Earth & 62 1,570 rock 1960 12,350 NPP FRW Earth & 51 2,400 rock 1961 11,100 23 FRW Earth & 78 560 rock

1950 2 (8) FRWX Earth & 23.3 17,975 2 rock 1950 122,800 6,500 FRWX Earth & 21 4,100 rock 1950 2 35,000 5,100 FRWX Earth & 19.5 11,800 rock 1953 14,100 210 FARS Earth & 47 1,355 rock 1951 2 2,680,000 279,000 FARSX Earth & 15.5 36,500 rock

1943 525,300 5,100 FR Earth & 87 10,000 rock 1951 660,000 6,100 FR Earth & 100 8,400 rock 1954 1,337,400 9,800 FR Earth & 96 13,900 rock 1940 1,570,000 9,800 FR Earth & 118 15,300 rock

1948 413,000 1,630 FRWX Earth & 154 4,225 rock 1962 650,000 7,820 FRWX Earth & 155 4,630 rock 1941 613,200 4,100 FR Earth & 109 2,700 rock

1952 850,000 13,600 FIRWX Earth & 107 11,827 rock

1964 5,000 175 FR Earth 46 3,020

1962 10,000 325 FR Earth 48 2,760

115 REPORT OF THE CHIEF OF ENGINEERS. U.S. ARMY. 1967

B-4. Flood Control Reservoirs Operable June 30, 1967-Continued

Community Name River basin Stream in vicinity

Hickman Missouri Salt Creek Hickman Branch (site 8) Hickman Missouri Salt Creek Hickman Branch (site 9) Cardwell Missouri Salt Creek Lincoln Branch (site 10) Holmes Branch Missouri Salt Creek Lincoln (site 12) Middle Branch Missouri Salt Creek Garland (site 13) Middle Branch Missouri Salt Creek Woodlawn (site 14) Antelope Creek Missouri Antelope Creek Lincoln (site 17) Nevada: Mathews Canyon Colorado Mathews Canyon Caliente Pine Canyon Colorado Pine Canyon Caliente New Hampshire: Blackwater Merrimack Blackwater Webster River Edward Mac- Merrimack Nubanusit Brook West Peters- Dowell borough Franklin Falls Merrimack Pemigewasset Franklin River Hopkinton-Everett Merrimack Contoocook West Hopkinton River Merrimack Piscataquog East Weare River Otter Brook Connecticut Otter Brook Keene Surry Mountain Connecticut Ashuelot River Keene New Mexico: Abiquiu Rio Grande Rio Chama Abiquiu River Conchas Arkansas Canadian River Tucumcari

Jemez Canyon Rio Grande Jemez River Bernalillo Two Rivers: Diamond "A" Rio Grande Rio Hondo Roswell Dam Rocky Dam Rio Grande Rocky Arroyo Roswell

See footnotes at end of table.

116 APPENDIX B-FLOOD CONTROL

B-4. Flood Control Reservoirs Operable June 30, 1967-Continued

Calen- dar Per a- Characteristics of dam year nent placed Total pool x Project in storage (acreage) fnncions useful (acre-feet) or no Height Length oper- pool Type (feet) (feet) ation (NPP) 1962 9,000 315 FR Earth 45 2,920

1963 7,000 195 FR Earth 48 2,250

1965 8,000 208 FR Earth 45 3,080

1964 11,000 230 FR Earth 53 3,000

1965 7,000 250 FR Earth 49 3,080

1964 30,000 740 FR Earth 55 5,000

1962 6,000 100 FR Earth 60 7,750

1957 6,260 NPP FX Earth 71 800 1957 7,840 NPP FX Earth 92 884

1941 46,000 NPP FRW Earth 75 1,150

1950 12,800 NPP FRW Earth 67 1,030

1943 154,000 NPP FRW Earth 140 1,740

1962 71,500 200 FRW Earth 76 790

1962 87,500 120 FRW Earth 115 2,000

1958 18,300 85 FRW Earth 133 1,288 1941 32,500 265 FRW Earth 86 1,670

1963 1,223,100 10,000 F Earth 325 1,540

1939 550,800 72,264 FIRX Concrete & 200 19,400 earth 1953 112,800 NPP FRX Earth 136 780

SEarth 98 4,918 1963 168,000 NPP F 1963 Earth 118 2,920

117 REPORT OF THE CHIEF OF ENGINEERS, U.S. ARMY, 1967

B-4. Flood Control Reservoirs Operable June 30, 1967-Continued

Community Name River basin Stream in vicinity

New York: Almond SSusquehanna Canacadea Creek Hornell Arkport Susquehanna Canisteo Creek Hornell East Sidney Susquehanna Ouleout Creek Sidney

Mount Morris Genesee Genessee River Mount Morris Whitney Point Susquehanna Otselic River Binghamton North Carolina: W. Kerr Scott Yadkin Yadkin River Wilkesboro North Dakota: Baldhill Red River of Sheyenne River Valley City the North Bowman-Haley Missouri North Fork Haley Grand River Homme Missouri South Branch of Park River Park River Ohio: Berlin Ohio Mahoning River Deerfield

Delaware Ohio Olentangy River Delaware Dillon Ohio Licking River Zanesville Mosquito Creek Ohio Mosquito Creek Cortland Muskingum River Reservoirs: Atwood Ohio Indian Fork New Cumberland Beach City Ohio Sugar Creek Beach City Bolivar Ohio Sandy Creek Bolivar Charles Mill Ohio Black Fork Mifflin Clendening Ohio Brushy Fork Tippecanoe Dover Ohio Tuscarawas Dover River Leesville Ohio McGuire Creek Leesville Mohawk Ohio Walhonding Nellie River Mohicanville Ohio Lake Fork Mohicanville Piedmont Ohio Stillwater Creek Piedmont Pleasant Hill Ohio Clear Fork Perrysville Senecaville Ohio Seneca Fork Senecaville Tappan Ohio Little Still- Tappan water Ck. Wills Creek Ohio Wills Creek Conesville Shenango Ohio Shenango River Sharpsville, Pa. Tom Jenkins Ohio East Branch, Gloucester Sunday Creek

See footnotes at end of table.

118 APPENDIX B. FLOOD CONTROL

B-4. Flood Control Reservoirs Operable June 30, 1967-Continued

Calen- dar Per ma- Characteristicsof damn year nent placed Total pool I Project in storaqe (acreage) fuc-tions useful (acre-feet) or no Height Length oper- pool Type (feet) (fret) ation (NPP)

1949 14,800 124 FRW Earth 90 1,260 1939 7,900 NPP F Earth 113 1,200 1950 33,550 210 FRW Concrete & 130 2,010 earth 1952 337,000 170 FR Concrete 215 1,028 1942 86,440 1,200 FRW Earth 95 4,900

1963 153,000 1,470 FARSX Earth 148 1,740

1950 70,700 325 FARS Earth 61 1,650

1967 73,900 1,772 FSRWX Earth 79 5,730

1951 3,650 51 FARS Earth 67 865

1943 91,200 240 FARSW Earth & 96 5,750 concrete 1951 132,000 950 FARWX Earth 92 18,600 1961 273,800 1,325 FRWX Earth 118 1,400 1944 104,100 700 FARSW Earth 47 5,650

1937 49,70)0 1,540 FRX Earth 65 3,700 1937 71,700 420 FRX Earth 64 5,600 1938 149,600 NPP FR Earth 87 6,300 1936 88,000 1,350 FRX Earth 48 1,390 1937 54,000 1,800 FRX Earth 64 950 1938 203,000 350 FRX Concrete 83 824

1937 37,400 1,000 FRX Earth 74 1,695 1937 285,000 NPP FR Earth 111 2,330

1936 102,000 NPP FR Earth 46 1,220 1937 65,000 2,270 FRX Earth 56 1,750 1938 87,700 850 FRX Earth 113 775 1937 88,500 3,550 FRSX Earth 45 2,350 1936 61,600 2,350 FRX Earth 52 1,550

1937 196,000 900 FRX Earth 87 1,950 1966 192,400 1,910 FAQR Concrete 68 720 1951 26,900 394 FRSWX Concrete 84 944

119 REPORT OF THE CHIEF OF ENGINEERS, U.S. ARMY. 1967

B-4. Flood Control Reservoirs Operable June 30, 1967-Continued

Cornmmunitj Name River basin Stream in vicinity

West Branch Ma- Ohio West Branch Newton Falls honing River Mahoning River West Fork Mill Ohio Mill Creek Mount Healthy Creek Oklahoma: Canton Arkansas North Canadian Canton River Fort Supply Arkansas Wolf Creek Woodward Great Salt Plains Arkansas Salt Fork, Ar- Cherokee kansas River Heyburn Arkansas Polecat Creek Sapulpa Hulah Arkansas Caney River Bartlesville Oologah Arkansas Verdigris River Claremore Pine Creek Red Little River Wright City Wister Red Poteau River Wister Oregon: Cottage Grove Columbia Coast Fork, Wil- Cottage Grove lamette River Dorena Columbia Row River Cottage Grove Fall Creek Columbia Middle Fork, Eugene Willamette River Fern Ridge Columbia Long Tom River Eugene Pennsylvania: Alvin R. Bush Susquehanna Kettle Creek Renovo Francis E. Walter Delaware Lehigh River Wilkes-Barre (Bear Creek) Conemaugh Ohio Conemaugh Saltsburg River Curwensville Susquehanna West Branch, Clearfield Susquehanna River Crooked Creek Susquehanna Crooked Creek Ford City East Branch, Susquehanna East Branch, Wilcox Clarion River Clarion River Gen. Edgar Delaware Dyberry Creek Honesdale Jadwin Indian Rock Susquehanna Codorus Creek York Kinzua Ohio Allegheny River Warren

Loyalhanna Ohio Loyalhanna Saltsburg Creek Mahoning Creek Ohio Mahoning Creek New Bethlehem

See footnotes at end of table.

120 APPENDIX B-FLOOD CONTROL

B-4. Flood Control Reservoirs Operable June 30, 1967-Continued

Calen- dar Perma- Characteristics of dam year nent placed Total pool 1 Project in (acreage) funn6inns useful (acre-feet) or no Height Length oper- or no Type (feet) (feet) ation (NPP) 1966 78,700 570 FAQR Concrete 83 9,900

1952 11,380 200 FRX Concrete 100 1,100

1948 386,000 7,900 FRSX Concrete 73 15,140

1941 101,800 1,880 FRWXS Concrete 85 11,685 1941 280,200 8,890 FRWX Concrete 68 6,010

1950 57,300 980 FRWXS Concrete 89 2,920 1950 292,600 3,600 SWXQ Concrete 94 6,315 1961 1,519,000 1,120 FRSX Concrete 137 4,000 1967 465,800 3,800 FRSQX Earth 124 22,420 1949 430,000 4,000 FRWXS Earth 99 5,700

1942 32,940 1,158 FINR Earth 71 2,110

1949 77,500 1,835 FINR Earth 100 3,297 1965 125,000 1,880 FINR Rockfill 161 5,100

1941 116,900 10,300 FINR Rockfill 31.5 6,734

1962 75,000 160 FRW Rockfill 165 1,350 1961 110,000 90 FNRW Rockfill 234 3,000

1952 274,000 300 FRWX Earth & 137 1,265 concrete 1965 124,200 540 FR Earth 131 2,850

1940 93,900 400 FNRX Earth 143 1,480 1952 84,300 100 FARX Earth 184 1,725

1959 24,500 NPP F Earth 109 1,255

1942 28,000 NPP FRW Earth 83 1,000 1965 1,180,000 1,900 FANQRS Earth & 179 1,915 concrete 1942 95,300 200 FRWX Earth & 114 960 concrete 1941 74,200 200 FRWX Concrete 162 926

121 REPORT OF THE CHIEF OF ENGINEERS, U.S. ARMY, 1967

B-4. Flood Control Reservoirs Operable June 30, 1967-Continued

Community Name River basin Stream in vicinity

Prompton Delaware Lackawaxen Honesdale River Stillwater Susquehanna Lackawaxen Forest City River Tionesta Ohio Tionesta Creek Tionesta Youghiogheny Monongahela Youghiogheny Confluence River River South Dakota: Cold Brook Missouri Cold Brook Hot Springs Lake Traverse: Red River of Bois de Sioux Wheaton Reservation the North River Control Dam White Rock Red River of Bois de Sioux Wheaton the North River Texas: Addicks San Jacinto South Mayde Addicks Creek Bardwell Trinity Waxahachie Ennis Creek Barker Trinity Buffalo Bayou Ennis Belton Brazos Leon River Belton Benbrook Trinity Clear Fork, Fort Worth Trinity River Canyon Guadalupe Gaudalupe New Braunfels Ferrells Bridge Red Cypress Creek Jefferson Grapevine Trinity Denton Creek Grapevine Hords Creek Colorado Hords Creek Coleman Lavon Trinity East Fork, Fort Worth Trinity River Lewisville Trinity Elm Fork, Lewisville Trinity River Navarro Mills Trinity Richland Creek Corsicana Pat Mayse Red Sanders Creek Paris Proctor Brazos Leon River Comanche San Angelo Colorado North Concho San Angelo River Somerville Brazos Yegua Creek Somerville Stillhouse Hollow Brazos Lampasas River Belton Texarkana Red Sulphur River Texarkana Waco Red Bosque River Waco

Vermont: Ball Mountain Connecticut West River Jamaica

See footnotes at end of table.

122 APPENDIX B--FLOOD CONTROL

B-4. Flood Control Reservoirs Operable June 30, 1967-Continued

Calen- dar Perma- Characteristica of dam year nent placed Total pool Project Hegt Lnt in (acreage) funcions useful (acre-feet) or no Height Length oper- or no Type (feet) (feet) ation (NPP) 1960 52,000 290 FNRW Earth 140 1,230

1960 12,000 85 FS Earth 77 1,700

1941 133,400 500 FRWX Earth 154 1,050 1943 254,000 500 FARWX Earth 184 1,610

1953 7,200 36 FRWX Earth 130 925 1941 164,500 10,925 FRX Earth 14 9,100

1941 85,000 6,500 FRX Earth 16 14,400

1948 204,500 NPP FX Earth 49 61,166

1965 140,000 3,570 FRSX Earth 82 15,400

1945 207,000 NPP FX Earth 37 72,844 1953 1,097,600 7,400 FIRSX Earth 192 5,524 1950 258,600 3,770 FNRX Earth 130 9,130

1962 740,900 8,240 FRSX Earth 224 6,830 1959 842,100 1,100 FRS Earth 77 10,600 1951 435,500 7,380 FNRSX Earth 137 12,850 1948 25,310 510 FARSX Earth 91 6,800 1953 423,400 11,080 FRSX Earth 69 9,499

1953 989,700 23,280 FRSX Earth 125 32,888

1962 212,200 5,070 FRSX Earth 82 7,570 1966 189,100 5,993 FRSX Earth 96 7,125 1963 374,280 4,610 FRSX Earth 86 13,460 1950 396,400 5,440 FRSX Earth 128 40,885

1966 507,500 11,460 FRSX Earth 80 26,175 1966 630,400 6,430 FRSX Earth 200 15,624 1957 2,654,300 210,300 FRS Earth 100 18,500 1964 726,400 7,270 FRSX Concrete & 140 24,618 earth

1961 54,600 75 FRW Concrete & 265 915 earth

123 REPORT OF THE CHIEF OF ENGINEERS. U.S. ARMY, 1967

B-4. Flood Control Reservoirs Operable June 30, 1967-Continued

Community Name River basin Stream in vicinity

North Hartland Connecticut Ottauguechee North Hartland River North Springfield Connecticut Black River Springfield

Connecticut North Branch, Weathersfield Black River Townshend Connecticut West River Townshend

Union Village Connecticut Ompompanoosuc Union Village River Virginia: John W. Flanna- Ohio Pound River Haysi gan North Fork of Ohio North Fork, Pound Pound River Pound River Washington: Howard A. Green Green River Kanasket Hanson Mill Creek Columbia Mill Creek Walla Walla Mud Mountain Puyallup White River Buckley West Virginia: Bluestone Ohio New River Hinton Summersville Ohio Gauley River Summersville Lake Sutton Ohio Elk River Sutton Tygart River Ohio Tygart River Grafton

Total number of dams--206, including five Mississippi River and tributaries dams and one debris control dam.

' Acres of water surface at top of permanent pool. 2 Year Corps of Engineers assumed operation of the reservoir. SIncluded with figure for Lac Qui Parle Dam. 4 Corps assumed operation of the 14 Muskingum River Reservoirs in 1939.

124 APPENDIX B---FLOOD CONTROL

B-4. Flood Control Reservoirs Operable June 30, 1967-Continued

Calen- dar Perma- Characteristics of dam year nent placed Total pool1' Project in (acreage) lunrions useful (acre-feet) or no Height Length oper- or no Type (feet) (feet) ation (NPP) 1960 71,420 220 FRW Concrete & 185 1,520 earth 1960 51,067 290 FRW Concrete & 120 2,940 earth 1959 600 65 R Concrete & 60 870 earth 1961 33,700 100 FR W Concrete & 133 1,700 earth 1950 38,000 NPP FRW Concrete & 170 1,100 earth

1963 145,700 310 FAQR Concrete & 250 960 earth 1966 11,293 106 FR Rock 122 600

1961 106,000 1,600 FAS Rock 196 675

1942 6,700 195 FR Earth 120 3,050 1953 106,000 1,200 FR Rock 322 700

1952 631,000 1,970 FRWX Concrete 180 2,048 1965 413,800 407 FANR Rock 357 2,280

1960 265,300 270 FARWX Rock 220 1,178 1938 287,700 620 FNARX Rock 230 1,921

125 REPORT OF THE CHIEF OF ENGINEERS, U.S. ARMY. 1967

B-5. Flood Control Reservoirs Constructed or Contributed to by Corps of Engineers but Operated by Others June 30, 1967' Nomenclature for Project Functions

F-Flood Control R- -Public Recreation P-Power D-Debris Control S- -Water Supply F-Fish and Wildlife (Federal I-Irrigation and State)

Community Name River basin Stream in vicinity

Arizona: Trilby Wash Colorado Trilby Wash Phoenix Basin (McMicken) California: Big Dry Creek San Joaquin Big Dry Creek Fresno Camanche :; San Joaquin Mokelumne Clements River Cherry Valley' Tuolumne Cherry Creek Sonora Eaton Wash Los Angeles Eaton Creek Pasadena New Exchequer San Joaquin Merced River Merced North Fork Sacramento American Auburn Oroville Sacramento Feather River Oroville Tahchevah Creek Whitewater Tahchevah Palm Springs Creek Colorado: Pinon Canyon Colorado Pinon Canyon Trinidad Arroyo Connecticut: East Branch Housatonic East Branch, Torrington Naugatuck River Hall Meadow Housatonic Hall Meadow Torrington Brook Mad River Connecticut Mad River Winsted Maryland: Savage River Potomac Savage Western Port Missouri: Bear Creek Upper Bear Creek Hannibal Mississippi New York: Onondaga Oswego Onondaga Creek Syracuse Oklahoma: Lugert-Altus Red North Fork, Red Altus Grand (Neosho) Markham Ferry ' Arkansas River Locust Grove River Pensacola' Arkansas Grand (Neosho) Disney River

See footnotes at end of table.

126 APPENDIX B--FLOOD CONTROL

B-5. Flood Control Reservoirs Constructed or Contributed to by Corps of Engineers but Operated by Others June 30, 1967 '--Continued

Calen- dar P'erma- Characteristics of dam year nent placed Total pool 1 Project in storage (acreage) funcbions useful (acre-feet) or no Height Length oper- pool Type (feet) (feet) ation (NPP)

1956 19,300 NPP F Earth 34 50,200

1948 16,250 NPP F Earth 40 20,038 1964 431,500 NPP FRS Earth & 171 2,450 rockfill 1957 268,000 475 FS Earth & 315 2,600 rockfill 1937 956 NPP F Earth 82 1,795 1966 1,026,000 1,900 FIR Rockfill! 480 1,200 1939 14,700 280 DR Concrete 155 620 1964 3,538,000 5,838 FIRSW Earth 770 6,850 1965 945 NPP F Earth 42 3,610

1954 406 NPP F Earth 73 695

1964 4,350 NPP FRW Earth 92 700

1961 8,620 NPP FRW Earth 73 1,200

1962 9,700 10 FRW Earth 178 940

1952 20,000 360 FRS Earth 184 1,050

1962 8,700 NPP F Earth 65 1,450

1949 18,200 NPP F Earth 67 1,782

1948 164,310 6,575 FISR Concrete 90 1,104

1964 444,500 10,900 FRP Earth & 90 4,494 concrete 1941 2,197,000 17,000 FRP Concrete 147 6,565

127 REPORT OF THE CHIEF OF ENGINEERS, U.S. ARMY, 1967

B-5. Flood Control Reservoirs Constructed or Contributed to by Corps of Engineers but Operated by Others June 30, 1967'--Continued

Community Name River basin Stream in vicinity

South Dakota: Cedar Canyon Cheyenne Red Dale Gulch FRapid City and Cedar Canyon Utah: Big Wash Beaver Big Wash IMilford Vermont: East Barre Winooski Jail Branch East Barre Waterbury Winooski Waterbury Waterbury Wrightsville Winooski North Branch, Wrightsville Winooski River Total number of dams-24, including 1 debris control dam.

I Planned and constructed with Federal funds, maintained and operated by local interests. 2"Acres of water surface at top of permanent pool. 3Federal Government contributed amount for flood control storage planned, constructed, maintained and operated by local interests. 4Planned and constructed by local interests as initial phase; will provide flood control on interim basis. Second and final phase, New Don Pedro Reservoir; Federal Government wxill contribute for flood protection. construction and operation by city and county of San Francisco, and Turlock and Modesto Irrigation Districts. 5Original project started in 1939 as a WPA project and suspended in 1942. Flood Control Act of 1946 provided for completion by Corps of Engineers. 1Construction by Bureau of Reclamation. Participation by Department of the Army to finance flood control portion. 7 Construction by Grand River Dam Authority. Participation by De- partment of the Army to finance flood control portion.

128 APPENDIX B-FLOOD CONTROL

B-5. Flood Control Reservoirs Constructed or Contributed to by Corps of Engineers but Operated by Others June 30, 1967'--Continued

Calen- dar Perma- Characteristics of dam year nent placed Total pool 1 Project in (acreage) functions useful (acre-feet) pool Height Length oper- pool Type (feet) (feet) ation (NPP)

1959 154 NPP F Concrete 42 1,300

1961 1,200 NPP F do 34 2,400

1960 12,050 NPP F Concrete 65 1,460 1958 64,700 900 F Concrete 158 1,800 1958 20,300 90 FR Concrete 115 1,525

129 REPORT OF THE CHIEF OF ENGINEERS, U.S. ARMY, 1967

B-6. Project Features Fully Completed During the Fiscal Year Date Project feature completed Nature of project feature Tensas Basin, Ark. Aug. 1966 Bayou Lafourche Channel En- largement (1-20 Crossing). Mar. 1967 Big & Colewa Creeks, Reach 1-A (Boeuf River) (Mi. 32.6-45.8). Mar. 1967 Boeuf River, Repair of Weir- Mi. 226.7 (Mi. 224.1 & 229.8 Modification). May 1967 Levee Along Black River-Item No. 1 (511,000 cu. yds.) (Jones to Div. Ch.). June 1967 Levee, Reach 1, 5.3 Mi. (Black R. to Catahoula Lake). Mar. 1967 Pt. Pleasant Setback. May 1967 Topping & gravel surfacing- Black Hawk to Shaw. Yazoo Basin Headwater, Aug. 1966 Levee, Wasp Lake to Marksville, Miss. Item 144-R-A. Mar. 1967 Channel; Philipp Cutoff; Inst. of Flapgate in Drop Structure. Feb. 1967 Gravel Surfacing, Wasp Lake to Marksville, Item 144-R-A. Yazoo Basin-Big Sun- Nov. 1966 Quiver River Extension, Item Q- flower River. 76 (Mi. 71.22-81.13). Dec. 1966 1 Bridge, Dowling Bayou-Alt., Sharkey County. June 1967 Poisoning Stumps, Porters, Black, and Mound Bayous, and Clear Creek. Mar. 1967 Steele B. Ch. Imp., Item 6-A. Yazoo Basin-Yazoo Back- Dec. 1966 Levees, Steele B. to Deer Creek water. (Item No. 7). Dec. 1966 Channels, Steele B. to Deer Creek Connecting Channel (Item No. 7) 1 Powerline, MP&L Co. (Item 8) 2 Powerlines, YVEPA (Items 7 and 8).

130 APPENDIX B--FLOOD CONTROL

B-7. Project Features on Which Construction Continued During the Fiscal Year

Project feature Nature of project feature Mississippi River Levees, revetments, dikes, dredging. and wavewash protection. Atchafalaya Basin, La. Levees, revetments, channel improvement by dredging, and highway relocation. Lower Arkansas River, Ark. Levee berms and bank stabilization. Lower Red River-South Bank Red River Levees, La.. Bank protection. Memphis Harbor, Tenn. Levee, pumping station, dredging. Old River Control, La. Bank protection. St. Francis Basin, Ark. and Mo. Floodways, channels, interior drainage, levees, highway and railroad bridges. Tensas Basin, La. and Ark. Channel improvements and levees. West Tenn. Tribs., Tenn. Channels, highway and railroad bridges. Yazoo Basin, Miss. Levees and channel improvements.

B-8. Project Features on Which Work was Initiated During the Fiscal Year

Project feature Date initiated Nature of project feature Yazoo Basin Headwater, Nov. 1966 Coldwater R. Levees Along Pom- Miss. pey Ditch. Sept. 1966 Levees, Panola-Quitman Flood- way, Item A. Nov. 1966 Sanitary Interceptor Sewer & Pumping Plant. July 1966 Sledge to Waxhaw Berms, Item 590 L-B, Miss. Yazoo Basin: Sunflower River June 1967 Gin & Muddy Bayous Ch. Imp., 12.3 mi. Aug. 1966 Constr. 6 Bridges, Box Culvert and Detour Roads, Gin Bayou, Miss. & Yazoo Backwater Sept. 1966 Relocation Spanish Fort Rd. Constr. Br.

131 REPORT OF THE CHIEF OF ENGINEERS, U.S. ARMY, 1967

B-9. Project Features on Which Maintenance and Operation Activities Were Conducted During the Fiscal Year

Project feature Nature of project feature Mississippi River Levees, revetments, dikes, wavewash protection and dredging. Atchafalaya Basin, La. Maintenance of levees and channels. Operation and Maintenance: Locks: Bayou Boeuf. Bayou Sorrel. Berwick. Floodgates: Bayou Courtableau. Calumet. Charenton. Drainage structures: Wax Lake Outlet. Numerous small structures. Bonnet Carre Spillway, La. Levees, floodway, and control structure. Lower Arkansas River Levees, revetments, and dikes. Lower Red River-South Bank Red Levees and bank protection works. River levees, La. Lower White River, Ark. White River backwater pumping station. Memphis Harbor, Tenn. Levees, dredging. Morganza Floodway, La. Floodway and control structure. Old River Control, La. Maintenance of levees, channels, and bank protection. Operation and Maintenance: Navigation lock. Control Structures: Low sill. Overbank. St. Francis Basin, Ark. and Mo. Wappapello Reservoir, interior drainage. Tensas Basin, La. Bayou Cocodrie drainage structure. Yazoo Basin, Miss.: Yazoo Headwater Levees and channels. Greenwood Local protection levees, storm water pumping station and drainage structures. Vazoo City Do. rrkabutla Reservoir Reservoir. Enid Reservoir Do. Grenada Reservoir Do. Sardis Reservoir Do.

132 APPENDIX C Hydroelectric Power and Water Supply

C-1. Multiple-Purpose Projects Under Construction with Some or All Primary Project Features Placed in Useful Operation During Fiscal Year 1967 Fiscal Scheduled Features placed Project Project year fiscal year in operation during primary started completion fiscal year 1967 purposes Barkley Dam, Cum- 1957 1969 Navigation,* flood berland River, Ky. control,* and and Tenn. power.* Big Bend Reservoir, 1959 1969 Power-1 unit Power* and flood Missouri River, S.D. control.* Dardanelle lock and 1957 1970 Navigation* and dam, Arkansas power.* River, Ark. Green Peter Reservoir, 1961 1969 Flood control Flood control, Middle Santiam and power power, irrigation, River, Ore. (and at Green and navigation. Foster Reregulating Peter Reservoir). Keystone Reservoir, 1957 1968 Flood control* and Arkansas River, power. Okla. Oahe Reservoir, 1949 1970 Flood control,* Missouri River, N. navigation,* Dak. and S. Dak. power* and irrigation. Sam Rayburn Reser- 1957 1967 Flood control* and voir Angelina River, power. Tex. The Dalles Dam, 1952 1968 Navigation,* Columbia River, power,* and Ore. and Wash. irrigation.

*Projects operated for these primary purposes at the beginning and throughout the fiscal year.

133 REPORT OF THE CHIEF OF ENGINEERS. U.S. ARMY, 1967

C-2. Multiple-Purpose Projects Under Construction and Not Operating During Fiscal Year '967

Fiscal Scheduled Project year fiscalyear Project primary purpose started completion Broken Bow Reservoir, 1962 1970 Flood control and power. Mountain Fork River, Okla. Carters Dam, Coosawattee 1962 1970 Flood control and power. River, Ga. Cordell Hull Dam, Cumber- 1963 1972 Navigation, power, and rec- land River, Tenn. reation. Cougar Reservoir, McKenzie 1956 1968 Flood control, power, navi- River, Ore. gation, and irrigation. DeGray Reservoir, Caddo 1963 1971 Flood control, power, water River, Ark. quality, recreation, navigation, and water supply. Dworshak Reservoir, North 1963 1973 Navigation and power. Fork Clearwater River, Ida. J. Percy Priest Reservoir, 1963 1970 Flood control, power, and Stones River, Tenn. recreation. John Day Lock and Dam, 1958 1972 Navigation and power. Columbia River, Ore. and Wash. Jones Bluff Lock and Dam, 1966 1974 Navigation and power. Alabama River, Ala. Kaysinger Bluff Reservoir, 1965 1974 Flood control and power. Osage River, Mo. Laurel River Reservoir, 1965 1974 Power and recreation. Laurel River, Ky. Libby Reservoir, Kootenai 1966 1976 Flood control and power. River, Mont. Little Goose Lock and Dam, 1963 1971 Navigation and power. Snake River, Wash. Lost Creek Reservoir, Rogue 1967 1975 Flood control, power, rec River, Ore. reation, and irrigation. Lower Granite Lock and 1966 1973 Navigation and power. Dam, Snake River, Wash. Lower Monumental Lock 1961 1970 Navigation and power. and Dam, Snake River, Wash. Millers Ferry Lock and 1963 1969 Navigation and power. Dam, Alabama River, Ala. Ozark Lock and Dam, 1965 1973 Navigation, power, recrea- Arkansas River, Ark. tion, and fish and wildlife. Robert S. Kerr Lock and 1964 1970 Navigation and power. Dam, Arkansas River, Okla.

134 APPENDIX C-HYDROELECTRIC POWER AND WATER SUPPLY

Stockton Reservoir, Sac 1963 1971 Flood control and power. River, Mo. Webbers Falls Lock and 1965 1970 Navigation and power. Dam, Arkansas River, Okla. West Point Dam, Chatta- 1966 1973 Flood control and power. hoochee River, Ala. and Ga.

C-3. Generating Capacity Placed in Operation During the Fiscal Year Size of Added Projects. Units Number Capacity (kilowatts) of Units (kilowatts) Big Bend 58,500 1 58,500 Green Peter' 40,000 2 80,000 Totals 3 138,500 x Initial Operation of Project

135 REPORT OF TITE CHIEF OF ENGINEERS, U.S. ARMY, 1967

C-4. Hydroelectric Proojects in Operation June 30, 1967

Initial Nameplate capacity-kilowatts operation in Projects cheduled Ultimate fsecal Existing Sc year installation insstallation installation Albeni Falls, Idaho 1955 42,600 42,600 Allatoona, Ga. 1950 74,000 110,000 Barkley, Ky. and Tenn. 1966 130,000 130,000 Beaver, Ark. 1965 112,000 112,000 Big Bend, S. Dak. 1965 468,000 468,000 Blakely Mountain, Ark. 1956 75,000 75,000 Bonneville, Oreg. and Wash. 1938 518,400 518,400 Buford, Ga. 1957 86,000 86,000 Bull Shoals, Ark. and Mo. 1953 340,000 340,000 Center Hill, Tenn. 1951 135,000 135,000 Cheatham, Tenn. 1958 36,000 36,000 Chief Joseph, Wash. 1956 1,024,000 1,728,000 Clark Hill, Ga. and S. C. 1953 280,000 280,000 Cougar, Oreg. 1964 25,000 64,500 Dale Hollow, Tenn. 1949 54,000 54,000 Dardanelle, Ark. 1965 124,000 124,000 Denison, Okla. and Tex. 1945 70,000 175,000 Detroit, Oreg. 1954 118,000 118,000 Eufaula, Okla. 1965 90,000 90,000 Fort Gibson, Okla. 1953 45,000 67,500 Fort Peck, Mont. 1944 165,000 165,000 Fort Randall, S. Dak. 1954 320,000 320,000 Garrison, N. Dak. 1956 400,000 400,000 Gavins Point, Neb. and S. Dak. 1957 100,000 100,000 Green Peter, Ore.. 1967 80,000 20,000 100,000 Greers Ferry, Ark. 1964 96,000 96,000 Hartwell, Ga. and S. C. 1962 264,000 330,000 Hills Creek, Oreg.. 1962 30,000 30,000 Ice Harbor, Wash. 1962 270,000 540,000 Jim Woodruff, Fla. and Ga. 1957 30,000 30,000 John H. Kerr, N.C. and Va. 1953 204,000 204,000 Lookout Point, Oreg. 1955 135,000 135,000 McNary, Oreg. and Wash. 1954 980,000 1,400,000 Narrows, Ark. 1950 17,000 8,500 25,500 Norfork, Ark. and Mo. 1944 70,000 140,000 Oahe, N. Dak. and S. Dak. 1962 595,000 595,000 Old Hickory, Tenn. 1957 100,000 100,000 Philpott, Va. 1954 14,000 14,000 Sam Rayburn, Tex. 1966 52,000 52,000 St. Marys, Mich. 1952 18,400 18,400 Table Rock, Ark. and Mo. 1959 200,000 200,000 Tenkiller Ferry, Okla. 1954 34,000 34,000 The Dalles, Oreg. and Wash. 1957 1,119,000 687,800 1,806,800 Walter F. George, Ala. and Ga. 1963 130,000 130,000 Whitney, Tex. 1954 30,000 30,000 Wolf Creek, Ky. 1952 270,000 270,000 Total, in operation 9,570,400 716,300 12,019,700

136 APPENDIX C-HYDROELECTRIC POWER AND WATER SUPPLY

C-5. Hydroelectric Projects Under Construction June 30, 1967 (no generating units in operation)

Scheduled Name plate capacity-kilowatts for Opera- Projects tion in Existing Scheduled Ultimate Fiscal Insallation Installation Installation Year Broken Bow, Okla. 1970 100,000 100,000 Carters, Ga. 1973 500,000 500,000 Clarence F. Cannon, Mo. 1974 54,000 54,000 Cordell Hull, Tenn. 1972 100,000 100,000 DeGray, Ark. 1972 68,000 68,000 Dworshak, Idaho 1972 400,000 1,060,000 John Day, Oreg. and Wash. 1968 2,160,000 2,700,000 Jones Bluff, Ala. 1973 68,000 68,000 J. Percy Priest, Tenn. 1969 28,000 28,000 Kaysinger Bluff, Mo. 1975 160,000 160,000 Keystone, Okla. 1968 70,000 70,000 Laurel, Ky. 1974 61,000 61,000 Libby, Mont. 1974 420,000 840,000 Little Goose, Wash. 1970 405,000 810,000 Lost Creek, Oreg. 1973 49,000 49,000 Lower Granite, Wash. 1973 405,000 810,000 Lower Monumental, Wash. 1970 405,000 810,000 Millers Ferry, Ala. 1969 75,000 75,000 Ozark, Ark. 1972 100,000 100,000 Robert S. Kerr, Okla. 1970 110,000 110,000 Stockton, Mo. 1971 45,200 45,200 Webbers Falls, Okla. 1973 60,000 60,000 West Point, Ga. 1973 73,375 108,375 Total, scheduled installation 5,916,575 8,786,575 Total, in operation (C-4) 9,570,400 716,300 12,019,700 Total 9,570,400 6,632,875 20,806,275 Total in operation and scheduled. installation 16,203,275

137 REPORT OF THE CHIEF OF ENGINEERS, U.S. ARMY. 1967

C-6. Hydroelectric Power by Region

Capacity in Generation No. operation during the Region of on June fiscal year projects 30, 1967 (million (thousand hKWH) KW) Alaska ------. Arkansas-White Red 12 1,273 1,532 Central and South Pacific Central Valley Colorado . - -- - -_ . Columbia ...... 11 4,342 28,429 Great Basin ------.. . Great Lakes and St. Lawrence 1 18 163 Gulf and South Atlantic 6 864 1,993 H awaii ...... Lower Mississippi Middle Atlantic 2 218 248 Missouri ------6 2,048 8,629 New England North Pacific O hio ------725 2,653 Rio Grande and gulf 82 69 Souris and Red Upper Mississippi Total . 46 9,570 43,716

138 APPENDIX C-HYDROELECTRIC POWER AND WATER SUPPLY

C-7. Water Supply Storage as of June 30, 1967

Storage Local agency Project (acre-feet) In operation Allatoona, Ga. 13,140 Cobb County-Marietta Water Authority. Allatoona, Ga. 1,340 City of Cartersville, Ga. Baldhill, N. Dak. '69,500 Eastern North Dakota Water Development Association. Bardwell, Tex. 42,800 Trinity River Authority. Barren River, Ky 681 City of Glasgow, Ky. Beaver, Ark. 108,000 Beaver Water District, Ark. Belton, Tex. 12,000 Fort Hood, Tex. Do 113,700 Brazos River Authority. Do 247,000 Do. Berlin, Ohio 19,400 Mahoning Valley Sanitary Dis- trict. Canton, Okla. 90,000 Oklahoma City, Okla. Canyon, Tex.. 366,400 Guadalupe-Blanco River Author- ity, Tex. Carlyle, Ill. 33,000 State of Illinois. Clark Hill, Ga. and S.C. 210 McCormick, S.C. Do 92 Lincolnton, Ga. Council Grove, Kans. 24,400 Council Grove and Emporia, Kans. Dam B, Texas 94,200 Lower Neches Valley Authority, Tex. East Brimfield, Mass. 1,140 American Optical Co., Mass. Ferrells Bridge, Tex. 251,100 Northeast Texas Municipal Water District. Fort Supply, Okla. 400 Oklahoma State Board of Public Affairs. Grapevine, Tex. 85,000 Dallas, Texas. Do 50,000 Park Cities, Tex. Do 1,250 City of Graevine, Tex. Heyburn, Okla. 1,000 Keifer, Okla. Do 300 Rural Water Dist. No. 1, Creek County, Okla. Homme, N. Dak. 13,650 Park River and Grafton, N. Dak. Hords Creek, Tex. 5,780 Coleman, Texas. Hulah, Okla. 15,400 Bartlesville, Okla. Do 2,000 Oil Recovery Corp., Okla. Do 200 KWB Oil Mgt. John Redmond, Kans. 34,900 State of Kansas. Lavon, Tex. 100,000 North Texas Municipal Water District. Lake Texoma (Denison) Tex. and Okla. 21,300 Denison, Texas. Do .. . 16,400 Texas Power and Light Co. Do 1,150 Sinclair Oil and Gas Co. Lewisville, Tex. 415,000 Dallas, Texas. Do 21,000 Denton, Texas.

See footnotes at end of table.

139 REPORT OF THE CHIEF OF ENGINEERS, U.S. ARMY, 1967

C-7. Water Supply Storage as of June 30, 1967-Continued

Storage Local agency Project (acre-feet) Littleville, Mass. 9,400 Springfield, Mass. Millwood, Ark. 150,000 Southwest Arkansas Water Dis- trict. Monroe, Ind. 159,900 State of Indiana. Mosquito Creek, Ohio 11,000 Warren, Ohio. Navarro Mills, Tex. 53,200 Trinity River Authority Oologah, Okla. 38,000 Tulsa, Okla. D o ...... 500 Collinsville, Okla. Do 5,000 Public Service Co. of Okla. Do 2,500 Claremore Inc., Claremore, Okla. Do 100 Rural Water Dist. No. 1, Nowata County, Okla. Do 300 Rural Water Dist. No. 3, Rogers County, Okla. Do 300 Rural Water Dist. No. 4, Rogers County, Okla. Pomona, Kans. 230 Rural Water Dist. No. 3, Kans. Do 160 Pomona Reservoir Water Co., Kansas. Proctor, Tex. 31,400 Brazos River Authority, Texas. Rough River, Ky. 120 City of Leitchfield, Ky. San Angelo, Tex. 80,400 Upper Colorado River Authority. Sam Rayburn, Tex. 2 1,383,500 Lower Neches Valley Authority. Tenkiller Ferry, Okla. 300 East Central Water Authority, Okla. Texarkana, Tex. & Ark. 113,400 Cities of Texarkana, Tex. & Ark. Tom Jenkins, Ohio ... 5,800 State of Ohio Toronto, Kans. 265 City of Toronto, Kansas. Waco, Tex. 91,074 Brazos River Authority, Texas. Do 13,026 Waco, Texas. W. Kerr Scott, N.C. 33,000 Winston-Salem and Wilkes Co., N.C. Wister, Okla...... 1,600 Heavener Utilities Authority. Subtotal 4,347,308 Subtotal (rounded) 4,347,000 Under construction Beltzville, Pa. 27,900 Delaware River Basin Commis- sion. Bowman-Haley, N. Dak. 16,000 Bowman County Water Manage- ment District. Broken Bow, Okla. 153,000 State of Oklahoma. Brookville, Ind. 89,300 State of Indiana. Clarence Cannon Dam & Res., Mo. 20,000 Missouri Water Resources Board. Colebrook Res., Conn. 30,700 City of Hartford, Conn.

See footnotes at end of table.

140 APPENDIX C--HYDROELECTRIC POWER AND WATER SUPPLY

C-7. Water Supply Storage as of June 30, 1967-Continued

Storage Local agency Project (acre-feet) Cooper Res., Tex. 240,900 City of Irving, Sulphur River Municipal Water District, North Texas Municipal Water District, Texas Water Development Board. DeGray, Ark. 238,730 Ouachita River Water District, Ark. DeQueen, Ark. 17,900 Tri-Lakes Water District, Ark. Elk City Res., Kans. 42,300 State of Kansas. Gillham, Ark. 28,700 Tri-Lakes Water District, Ark. Kaw, Okla.. '232,000 City of Ponca, Okla. Water Re- sources Board. Milford, Kans. 300,000 State of Kansas. Okatibbee, Miss. 13,500 Pat Harrison Waterway District, Hattiesburg, Miss. Optima, Okla. 76,200 Oklahoma Water Resources Board. Pat Mayse, Tex. 87,700 City of Paris, Texas. Perry, Kans. 150,000 State of Kansas. Pine Creek, Okla. 70,000 Mountain Lakes Water District. Rend Lake, Ill. 109,000 State of Illinois. Shelbyville, Ill. 25,000 State of Illinois. Somerville, Tex. 143,900 Brazos River Authority. Stillhouse Hollow, Tex. 204,900 Brazos River Authority. West Branch, Ohio 52,900 Mahoning & Trunbull Counties. Subtotal 2,371,990 Subtotal (rounded) 2,372,000 Total 6,717,838 Total (rounded) 6,718,000

I Seasonal for flood control and water supply. 2 Water supply and power storage combined.

4 Exchange storage for existing storage in Lake Waco. ' Joint water supply, water quality control, and recreation pool of 232,000 acre-feet.

141 REPORT OF THE CHIEF OF ENGINEERS, U.S. ARMY, 1967

C-8. Irrigation Storage as of June 30, 1967 (In thousands of acre-feet)

Exclusive Project irrigation Joint-use In operation storage storage Black Butte, California 150 Conchas, New Mexico 275 Cottage Grove, Oregon 30 Cougar, Oregon 155 Detroit, Oregon 300 Dorena, Oregon 70 Fall Creek, Oregon 115 Fern Ridge, Oregon 94 Folsom, California 910 Harlan County, Nebraska 150 Hills Creek, Oregon 200 Isabella, California 535 John Martin, Colorado 367 Lake Mendocino, California 70 Lookout Point, Oregon 337 Lucky Peak, Idaho 280 New Hogan, California 145 165 Pine Flat, California 1,000 Success, California 75 Terminus, California 142 Total _---- 937 4,628 Under construction Blue River, Oregon 75 Green Peter, Oregon 300 Total 375

142 APPENDIX D

FEATURE ARTICLES

FOUNDATION CONDITIONS AND CONSTRUCTION PROCEDURES, SHELBYVILLE DAM

ALPHONSE C. VAN BESIEN

Geologist, Foundation and Materials Branch U.S. Army Engineer District, St. Louis

Shelbyville Dam is located on the Kaskaskia River approximately one-half mile northeast of the city of Shelbyville, Ill. The design of the dam, an earth embankment with a 384-foot wide reinforced concrete gated spillway, was complicated by the presence of abandoned coal mines located at shallow depths below both abutments and portions of the spillway. A complex program of low-pressure grouting was evolved to fill the mines, providing both roof support and a seepage barrier. An additional compli- cating factor was introduced by the discovery, during construction, of a zone of shearing or minor thrust-faulting in the foundations of the main spillway monoliths.

ABANDONED COAL MINES

The dam and reservoir are situated in the Illinois geologic basin, a region characterized by relatively thick beds of shale, sandstone, and underclay interspersed with thin beds of bitumi- nous coal. The coal bed nearest the surface in this area, called the Shelbyville Coal, is of good quality but is only about 2 feet thick. Because of its thinness, the Shelbyville Coal has been mined only sporadically, generally in times of economic depres- sion. Because of the small, marginal nature of the operations, no records of mining were maintained. According to former miners, mining progressed by the room-and-pillar method with

143 REPORT OF THE CHIEF OF ENGINEERS, U.S. ARMY. 1967 many of the pillars being removed just prior to abandoning the mines. Although more than 300 borings were completed during the design phase of the project, it was impossible to accurately de- lineate the mined areas without additional drilling. Accordingly, the first task of the contractor in conducting mine-filling operations was to drill the additional borings necessary to determine the limits of the abandoned mines. To insure complete filling of the mines and to insure that no unsuspected mined areas were left unfilled, it was necessary to space borings around the limits of mines on 20-foot centers, reducing this spacing to 10 feet, or 5 feet, at critical locations. A complete mine-fill operation consisted of three types of grouting: bulkhead, fill, and seal grouting. The purpose of bulkhead grouting was to form a barrier, or bulkhead, of grout which would prevent the flow of fill or seal grout into areas which it was not intended to fill. Fill grout was designed to fill the major portions of the mined areas and to support the roof of the mine. Seal grout was used to penetrate any minor voids left by the fill grout and to reduce seepage through a grouted area. Fortunately, it was not necessary to employ all phases of grouting in every mined area. After completion of the exploratory drilling, the first step in a grouting program was the drilling of grout-holes on 40-foot centers in a grid pattern over the entire extent of the mined area. (For bulkhead grouting, a line of borings was drilled across the mined area.) After all grout holes had been completed, grout was pumped into the mine through one or two widely separated holes. Grout was introduced into the hole through a 2-inch pipe held a few inches from the bottom of the cavity. The only pressure applied to the grout was that necessary to force the grout through the grout line, or that caused by the differential head between the top and bottom of the pipe. As grout was pumped into a particular hole, any observations of water or grout flowing from adjacent borings were recorded. Refusal was considered to have occurred whenever the grout pressure at the header suddenly increased or when grout was observed coming from the annular space between the grout hole and the grout pipe. When all holes in a grid pattern had been grouted to refusal, the record of grout flows and observations was examined to determine the necessity for additional holes. Generally, second- phase grout holes were drilled between all first-phase holes unless the first-phase borings showed large grout takes and significant

144 APPENDIX D--FEATURE ARTICLES evidence of radial grout flow; the second and, if necessary, third-phase borings were grouted in the same manner as the first-phase borings. Although fill grout was employed in all mined areas, the use of bulkhead grout depended on the desirability of restricting grout to a specified area, and the use of seal grout on the possibility of the mined area being a path for seepage around or under the dam. After mine-fill operations in the spillway were complete, excavation for the spillway chute exposed a grout bulkhead. Care- ful scrutiny of the bulkhead indicated that the mine-filling operations were highly successful and that all voids and fractures had been filled with grout. Seal, fill, and even bulkhead grout had penetrated through debris in the mines and into fractures in the roof of the mine. Roof support had been achieved along the entire length of the exposed grout bulkhead.

SPILLWAY FAULTING

Six of the eight main spillway monoliths of Shelbyville Dam are founded on the shale overlying an area of solid (unmined) coal; the other two main spillway monoliths are founded on sandstone; the chute monoliths are founded below the coal mines on sandstone. During excavation for the chute monoliths, a shear zone or minor thrust fault was exposed on the vertical shale faces. Studies of this exposure indicated a displacement of approximately 2 inches and an upstream dip of approximately 30 degrees. An extensive program of exploratory drilling followed and indicated that the shear zone was not a simple plane, but was highly irregular and consisted of numerous minor shear zones. Although the shear zone on the excavation face was continuous, the additional drilling indicated that in other areas the shear zone bifurcated, was offset vertically, or thickened to several times its usual magnitude. Generally, the shear zone or fault was approximately 6 inches thick. Although the Illinois geologic basin is characterized by minor folding, relatively little faulting, particularly thrust-faulting, has been experienced in this area. Studies of drilling data indicated that the faulting was most intense near areas of unusually high or low coal, and it is now believed that the shearing is due to consolidation of the coal and underclay and is not caused by any regional compressive stresses. Later excavation has indicated that the shear zones disappear in the coal layer and are not present in lower formations.

145 REPORT OF THE CHIEF OF ENGINEERS. U.S. ARMY. 1967

Since the exploratory drilling program demonstrated that the shear zone was not a smooth plane of weakness but consisted of numerous vertical steps, and that the strength of the foundation was not significantly reduced, the modification to the design was relatively minor. Several of the main dam monolith foundations were lowered slightly and the configurations of the spillway chute monoliths were altered to bring more concrete to bear against the main spillway monoliths. To further increase the stability of the monoliths against sliding, all construction joints between the chute and main spillway monoliths will be filled with a neat cement grout. As a precautionary measure, additional instrumentation is proposed to monitor the shear zone for any later movement.

146 MODERNIZING THE OUACHITA RIVER WATERWAY

Colonel Felix R. Garrett District Engineer U.S. Army Engineer District, Vicksburg

The history of the Ouachita River, which flows out of the Ouachita Mountains in western Arkansas, parallels that of many other American rivers in being considered the chief factor responsible for the territory's settlement and development. The river provided the only dependable means for the Spanish, the French and other Europeans who settled the basin, to communi- cate with the outside world. It remained the basin's lifeline for nearly 100 years after the first colonizing party came up from New Orleans in 1783 to settle near Camden, Ark., the present head of navigation. Keel boats and flatboats were replaced by the steamboat in the first quarter of the nineteenth century to carry the valley's commerce. By the time of the Civil War, steamboat trade was brisk and lucrative, although risky, for fires, groundings and sinkings were common hazards of the business. In the 1870's many boats were running regular schedules as far north as Camden. Some boats were very large, as much as 250 feet long. Passenger accommodations were luxurious and cargo spaces could carry 2,000 or more bales of cotton and other commodities. Business was booming, but boats could go up as far as Camden only eight or nine months of the year. In the late summer and fall the river was too shallow. The first Federal improvement funds came in 1871, when Con- gress appropriated $51,000 to pull snags and cut overhanging trees from the channel. In 1872 the Corps of Engineers recommended a system of five locks pnd dams constructed of timber, with lock chambers 49 feet by 250 feet to provide a minimum 4-foot navigation depth. Subsequently, masonry structures were considered, but the project was abandoned in 1875. Corps of Engineers' snagboats patrolled the river frequently, but nothing else was done for 27 years. A plan of improvement was authorized by Congress in 1902

147 REPORT OF THE CHIEF OF ENGINEERS, U.S. ARMY. 1967 consisting of nine locks and movable dams which would provide a minimum 61/2-foot channel in the Black and Ouachita Rivers to a point 10 miles above Camden. After several delays and a reauthorization in 1915, the existing system of six locks and dams (fig. 1), four in Louisiana and two in Arkansas, was completed in 1925. Each lock chamber is 55 feet wide and 268 feet long. The project cost $5,248,000 or about $15,000 per mile for this 351-mile waterway. During the years of World War II, the waterborne tonnages on the Ouachita dropped below the volume considered to warrant the expense of maintaining the locks and dams. A contributing factor was the scarcity of towing equipment. More lucrative business could be found on waterways permitting deeper drafts than the minimum 61.'-foot channel of the Ouachita. Local interests appealed for time to rebuild the traffic volume and between 1945 and 1950 the cargo movement rose from 11,700 tons to 118,427 tons. During this period, the House of Representatives Public Works Committee directed the Corps of Engineers to determine whether a deeper minimum navigation channel for the Ouachita was justified. The Corps recommended a rehabilitation of the existing locks and dams and other river improvements to provide a 9-foot minimum depth. Congress authorized this plan in 1950. In 1960, following a restudy and a new recommendation by the Corps, Congress modified the 1950 Act to provide for four modern locks and dams in lieu of rehabilitating the existing structures. Under the Chief of Engineers, authority, the lock sizes were established to be 84 feet wide and 600 feet long. Waterborne tonnage for 1960 was 495,376. To avoid interference with present river traffic, the Corps selected suitable bends in the channel where the structures can be built off-river. When construction is complete, channels will be excavated to the structures and an earth dam placed across the old river. This plan also improves the approach alignment to the locks (fig. 2). Sites selected for the four new locks and dams are: at river mile 25 below Jonesville, La.; just above Columbia, La., near the existing Lock and Dam No. 3; near Felsenthal, Ark., 3 miles upstream from the existing Lock and Dam No. 6; and near Calion, Ark., about one mile upstream from the existing Lock and Dam No. 8 (fig. 1). The preferred sequence of construction would be to build the most downstream facility first. However, problems of site loca-

148 APPENDIX D--FEATURE ARTICLES tion for the lower lock and dam in the vicinity of Jonesville brought about by the necessity for modifications in the plans to preserve and protect valuable fish and wildlife resources of the Catahoula Lake area, dictated a change in the construction sequence. The site for the new lock and dam near Columbia, having been firmly established, was started first.

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Figure 2. Artist's conception of the navigation lock and dam in the Ouachita River near Columbia, La. This drawing depicts how each of the new structures will be built on a neck of land in a bend in the river which will be executed after construction to divert the river to a new channel. APPENDIX D-FEATURE ARTICLES

In addition to the 84-foot by 600-foot lock, each of the navigation structures will have a 200-foot-wide fixed-crest navigation pass in the dam to accommodate river traffic during high water when lockages will be unnecessary. Another 200-foot-wide section of the dam will have a lower fixed-crest and contain four tainter gates, each 50 feet wide and 26 feet high, to control the water releases and hence the upper pool level. Construction of the new Columbia lock and dam, started in early 1964, is now about 60 percent complete. A contract for construction of the lock and dam below Jones- ville was awarded May 5, 1967. This structure will maintain a minimum navigation pool of 34 feet above sea level which would limit the normal seasonal drawdown of Catahoula Lake through its connection with the Ouachita River via Little River. There- fore, to prevent this condition from damaging Catahoula Lake, a low dam will be installed in Little River to divorce the lake from the Ouachita River at pool stages. A new outlet for the lake, now under construction, will empty into Black River below the lock and dam. A control structure at the lake-end of this outlet channel will allow lake levels to be fluctuated in the manner most advantageous to fish and wildlife. The site selected for the Felsenthal lock and dam is near the lower end of a very large basin which acts as a natural reservoir and has a pronounced effect in regulating flood flows down the Ouachita River. A pool elevation of 65 feet above mean sea level was determined to be sufficient to provide the 9-foot navigation depth above that point. However, by providing facilities in this structure to raise the pool level an additional 5 feet for a portion of the year, the recreation, fish and wildlife benefits are substantially increased and the project plans have been so modified. The fourth upstream structure will be located near Calion in the vicinity of the present Lock and Dam No. 8. Plans call for cutoffs and easing of channel alinement in numerous places to provide a minimum radius of 1,000 feet in all river bends. At Jonesville, the Ouachita joins with the Little and Tensas Rivers to form Black River, which empties into Red River 41 miles below that point. Twenty-seven miles down Red River is a three-way junction formed by the Red, Atchafalaya and Missis- sippi Rivers. Waterborne traffic to northern inland ports of New Orleans and points on the Intracoastal Waterway east of New Orleans use the 75-foot by 1200-foot Old River lock to enter the Mississippi River; traffic with the Gulf Coast west of New Or-

AGO 20053B 151 REPORT OF THE CHIEF OF ENGINEERS, U.S. ARMY, 1967 leans uses the Atchafalaya River to Morgan City, La., where it connects with the Intracoastal Waterway. Two multiple-purpose projects in the upper Ouachita Basin, Narrows Dam on Little Missouri River completed in 1950 and Blakely Mountain Dam completed in 1953, have increased the average low water flow in the Ouachita River at Camden about 1200 cubic feet per second. A third multiple-purpose project, DeGray Dam, which the Corps of Engineers now has under construction on Caddo River, will add about 400 cubic feet per second to the average low water flow at Camden. In preparation for the expected increase in waterborne traffic generated by the deeper dependable navigation channel in the Black and Ouachita Rivers, Camden and Columbia have constructed new public terminal facilities. Other cities are now considering plans for new public terminals, and several new private facilities, principally for handling petroleum products and grain, have recently been built along the river. Total Federal cost of the navigation project is estimated at $94,300,000. The 9-foot channel is scheduled to be available to the Louisiana-Arkansas line in three to four years and to Cam- den a few years thereafter.

152 THE WATER QUALITY RESEARCH PROGRAM

by Peter B. Boyer Chief, Water Quality Research Unit U.S. Army Engineer Division, North Pacific The necessity of managing the quality of water as a limited national resource has received full recognition and stimulus by the passage of the recent amendments to the Federal Pollution Control Act, which provides for the establishment of water quality standards, controls, research, and training. The Corps of Engineers has often provided for low-flow augmentation by reservoir releases for authorized project functions, which produced benefits for increase in water quality incidental to other beneficial uses of water for which the reservoir project was approved. With the passage of the amendments to the Fed- eral Water Pollution Control Act, water quality control has become one of the purposes of most of the Corps of Engineers reservoir projects now being planned. The act makes the Corps and other dam builders responsible for determining the need and the value of storage for water quality control. Unfortunately, there is not yet enough of the proper information and knowledge available on water quality control needs and criteria for various uses in order to formulate relationships and procedures which may be useful in determining the amount and value of storage necessary and in designing effective release facilities. During the detention period, water in a reservoir is subjected to the action of many complex and interrelated forces which alter its physical, chemical, and biological properties at different rates in different levels of the reservoir. Neither these forces nor their effects on water quality have been completely identified, nor are they understood well enough to predict with confidence quan- titatively the vertical distribution of temperatures, dissolved oxygen, and other water quality parameters. The need and urgency for an engineering research program geared to solve water quality management problems prompted the Chief of Engineers to select 16 Corps-operated reservoirs in 1964 and requested the field offices to collect information on water quality, associated reservoir regulation and weather. Each

153 REPORT OF THE CHIEF OF ENGINEERS. U.S. ARMY, 1967 of these reservoirs represents a region; together they constitute a typical sample of geographic and climatic conditions, reservoir geometry, regulation criteria and release facilities, all of which are known to affect the quality of the water above and below the dam. The requested information includes identifying and quantifying water quality parameters which characterize the physical, chemical, biological and bacteriological characteristics of the inflow, outflow, the impounded water, and the velocity and direction of the thermally-induced density currents within the reservoir. In March 1967 the Chief of Engineers established the Water Quality Research (WQR) Unit in the North Pacific Division Office, Portland, Ore., to coordinate all Corps of Engineers water quality investigations work and to serve its field offices, when needed, in the planning, design, and operation of projects having water quality control features. Its mission is fundamentally to help the Corps of Engineers maintain a position of leadership in stream flow regulation for water quality control. Through the collection and interpretation of appropriate data, the unit, with the help of the field offices and consultants, will find answers to the following questions: (1) What are the present and anticipated nature and con- centration levels of pollutants reaching the project reservoir? (2) Why and how do they vary with time and space within the reservoir ? (3) What are the water quality needs for the uses for which the reservoir is planned ? (4) How much storage and what treatment must be provided for water quality control? (5) Given the release rate, temperature, and quality, what will be the temperature and quality of the streamflow at a point downstream from the dam? (6) When and what level or levels of the reservoir must be tapped to produce the desired water quality below the dam? (7) At what rate and of what quality will water be available for low-flow augmentation? (8) What equipment and observational program must be developed for monitoring water quality parameters and integrated with hydrometeorological station network of a reservoir project to aid in the day-to-day quality-control operations? The ultimate aim of the program is to establish functional requirements and criteria for allocating storage and designing effective, economical release facilities which will assure withdrawal of water from storage of predetermined quality and quantity for each use.

154 APPENDIX E

GENERAL

1. PUBLICATIONS The following publications pertaining to civil works activities have been issued. A. Available at U.S. Army Engineer District, Lake Survey, Detroit, Mich. 48226, at listed price: Great Lakes Pilot, 1968 (including supplements) $3.25 B. Available at U.S. Army Engineer District, New Orleans, New Orleans, La. 70160. Waterborne Commerce of the United States, calendar year 1966: Part 1-Waterways and Harbors: Atlantic Coast $1.50 Part 2-Waterways and Harbors: Gulf Coast, Mississippi River System and Antilles $1.50 Part 3-Waterways and Harbors: Great Lakes $1.25 Part 4-Waterways and Harbors: Pacific Coast, Alaska and Hawaii $1.25 Part 5-National summaries $1.00 C. The following complete revisions of existing manuals were published during the fiscal year. These manuals are available at U.S. Army Engineer Waterways Experiment Station, P.O. Box 631, Vicksburg, Mississippi 39180, at indicated price: EM 1110-2-2702, Design of Spillway Tainter Gates------$0.50 EM 1110-2-3400, Paint Manual-New Construction and M ain ten an ce ...... $ 1.7 5 EM 1110-2-3501, Foundation Grouting-Planning $0.75 2. DIRECTORY OF INSTALLATIONS AND KCTIVITIES A. Divisions and Districts: U.S. Army Engineer Division, Lower Mississippi Valley, Post Office Box 80, Vicksburg, Miss. 39180 U.S. Army Engineer District, Memphis, 668 Federal Office Building, Memphis, Tenn. 38103 U.S. Army Engineer District, New Orleans, Post Office Box 60267, New Orleans, La. 70160 U.S. Army Engineer District, St. Louis, 906 Olive Street, St. Louis, Mo. 63101

155 APPENDIX E-GENERAL

U.S. Army Engineer District, Vicksburg, Post Office Box 60, Vicksburg, Miss. 39180 U.S. Army Engineer Division, Missouri River, Post Office Box 103, Downtown Station, Omaha, Nebr. 68101 U.S. Army Engineer District, Kansas City, 700 Federal Office Building, 601 East 12th Street, Kansas City, Mo. 64106 U.S. Army Engineer District, Omaha, 6012 U.S. Post Office and Court House, 215 North 17th Street, Omaha, Nebr. 68102 U.S. Army Engineer Division, New England, 424 Trapelo Road, Waltham, Mass. 02154 U.S. Army Engineer Division, North Atlantic, 90 Church Street, New York, New York 10007 U.S. Army Engineer District, Baltimore, Post Office Box 1715, Baltimore, Md. 21203 U.S. Army Engineer District, New York, 26 Federal Plaza, New York, N.Y. 10007 U.S. Army Engineer District, Norfolk, Fort Norfolk, 803 Front Street, Norfolk, Va. 23510 U.S. Army Engineer District, Philadelphia, U.S. Custom House, 2d and Chestnut Streets, Philadelphia, Pa. 19106 U.S. Army Engineer Division, North Central, 536 South Clark Street, Chicago, Ill. 60605 U.S. Army Engineer District, Buffalo, 1776 Niagara Street, Buffalo, N.Y. 14207 U.S. Army Engineer District, Chicago, 219 S. Dearborn Street, Chicago, Ill. 60604 U.S. Army Engineer District, Detroit, Post Office Box 1027, Detroit, Mich. 48231 U.S. Army Engineer District, Rock Island, Clock Tower Building, Rock Island, Ill. 61201 U.S. Army Engineer District, St. Paul, 1210 U.S. Post Office and Customhouse, St. Paul, Minn. 55101 U.S. Army Engineer District, Lake Survey, 630 Federal Building, Detroit, Mich. 48226 U.S. Army Engineer Division, North Pacific, 210 Custom House, Portland, Oreg. 97209 U.S. Army Engineer District, Alaska, Post Office Box 7002, Anchorage, Alaska 99501 U.S. Army Engineer District, Portland, 628 Pittock Block, Portland, Oreg. 97205

156 APPENDIX E-GENERAL

U.S. Army Engineer District, Seattle, 1519 Alaskan Way, South, Seattle, Wash. 98134 U.S. Army Engineer District, Walla Walla, Building 602, City-County Airport, Walla Walla, Wash. 99362 U.S. Army Engineer Division, Ohio River, Post Office Box 1159, Cincinnati, Ohio 45201 U.S. Army Engineer District, Huntington, Post Office Box 2127, Huntington, W. Va. 25721 U.S. Army Engineer District, Louisville, Post Office Box 59, Louisville, Kentucky 40201 U.S. Army Engineer District, Nashville, Post Office Box 1070, Nashville, Tenn. 37202 U.S. Army Engineer District, Pittsburgh, 2032 Federal Building, 1000 Liberty Avenue, Pittsburgh, Pa. 15222 U.S. Army Engineer Division, Pacific Ocean, Building 96, Fort Armstrong, Honolulu, Hawaii 96813 U.S. Army Engineer Division, South Atlantic, 510 Title Building, 30 Pryor Street, S.W., Atlanta, Ga. 30303 U.S. Army Engineer District, Charleston, P. O. Box 919, Charleston, S.C. 29402 U.S. Army Engineer District, Jacksonville, Post Office Box 4970, Jacksonville, Fla. 32201 U.S. Army Engineer District, Mobile, P. 0. Box 2288, Mobile, Ala. 36601 U.S. Army Engineer District, Savannah, Post Office Box 889, Savannah, Ga. 31402 U.S. Army Engineer District, Wilmington, Post Office Box 1890, Wilmington, N.C. 28401 U.S. Army Engineer Division, South Pacific, 630 Sansome Street, Room 1216, San Francisco, Calif. 94111 U.S. Army Engineer District, Los Angeles, Post Office Box 2711, Los Angeles, Calif. 90053 U.S. Army Engineer District, Sacramento, 650 Capitol Mall, Sacramento, Calif. 95814 U.S. Army Engineer District, San Francisco, 100 McAllister Street, San Francisco, Calif. 94102 U.S. Army Engineer Division, Southwestern, 1114 Commerce Street, Dallas, Tex. 75202 U.S. Army Engineer District, Albuquerque, Post Office Box 1580, Albuquerque, N. Mex. 87103 U.S. Army Engineer District, Fort Worth, Post Office Box 17300, Fort Worth, Tex. 76102 U.S. Army Engineer District, Galveston, Post Office Box 1229, Galveston, Tex. 77550

157 REPORT OF THE CHIEF OF ENGINEERS, U.S. ARMY. 1967

U.S. Army Engineer District, Little Rock, Post Office Box 867, Little Rock, Ark. 72203 U.S. Army Engineer District, Tulsa, Post Office Box 61, Tulsa, Okla. 74101 B. Boards, Commissions, and Stations: Board of Engineers for Rivers and Harbors, Tempo C Build- ing, 2d and Q Streets, S.E., Washington, D.C. 20315 California Debris Commission, 650 Capitol Mall, Sacramento, Calif. 95814 Mississippi River Commission, Post Office Box 80, Vicksburg, Miss. 39180 U.S. Army Coastal Engineering Research Board, 5201 Little Falls Road, N.W., Washington, D.C. 20016 U.S. Army Engineer Waterways Experiment Station, Post Office Box 631, Vicksburg, Miss. 39180 C. International Boards and Commissions: International Boundary and Water Commission, United States and Mexico; Secretary, U.S. Section, Louis F. Blanchard, P. O. Box 1859, El Paso, Tex. 79950 International Joint Commission, United States and Canada; Secretary, U.S. Section, William A. Bullard, Room 208, 1711 New York Avenue, N.W., Washington, D.C. 20006 Columbia River Treaty Permanent Engineering Board, United States and Canada; Secretary, U.S. Section, John W. Roche, Office, Chief of Engineers, U.S. Army, Wash- ington, D.C. 20315 International Champlain Waterway Board, United States and Canada; Secretary, U.S. Section, John W. Roche, Office, Chief of Engineers, U.S. Army, Washington, D.C. 20315 International Great Lakes Levels Board, United States and Canada; Secretary, U.S. Section, John W. Roche, Office, Chief of Engineers, U.S. Army, Washington, D.C. 20315 International Pembina River Engineering Board, United States and Canada; Secretary, U.S. Section, Leon Maca, Department of the Interior, Washington, D.C. 20240 International St. Croix River Engineering Board, United States and Canada; Secretary, U.S. Section, John W. Roche, Office, Chief of Engineers, U.S. Army, Washington, D.C. 20315 International Saint John River Engineering Board, United States and Canada; Secretary, U.S. Section, J. A. Betten- dorf, Geological Survey, Department of the Interior, Washington, D.C. 20240

158 AGO 20053B