River Channel Relocation: Problems and Prospects
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Measurement of Bedload Transport in Sand-Bed Rivers: a Look at Two Indirect Sampling Methods
Published online in 2010 as part of U.S. Geological Survey Scientific Investigations Report 2010-5091. Measurement of Bedload Transport in Sand-Bed Rivers: A Look at Two Indirect Sampling Methods Robert R. Holmes, Jr. U.S. Geological Survey, Rolla, Missouri, United States. Abstract Sand-bed rivers present unique challenges to accurate measurement of the bedload transport rate using the traditional direct sampling methods of direct traps (for example the Helley-Smith bedload sampler). The two major issues are: 1) over sampling of sand transport caused by “mining” of sand due to the flow disturbance induced by the presence of the sampler and 2) clogging of the mesh bag with sand particles reducing the hydraulic efficiency of the sampler. Indirect measurement methods hold promise in that unlike direct methods, no transport-altering flow disturbance near the bed occurs. The bedform velocimetry method utilizes a measure of the bedform geometry and the speed of bedform translation to estimate the bedload transport through mass balance. The bedform velocimetry method is readily applied for the estimation of bedload transport in large sand-bed rivers so long as prominent bedforms are present and the streamflow discharge is steady for long enough to provide sufficient bedform translation between the successive bathymetric data sets. Bedform velocimetry in small sand- bed rivers is often problematic due to rapid variation within the hydrograph. The bottom-track bias feature of the acoustic Doppler current profiler (ADCP) has been utilized to accurately estimate the virtual velocities of sand-bed rivers. Coupling measurement of the virtual velocity with an accurate determination of the active depth of the streambed sediment movement is another method to measure bedload transport, which will be termed the “virtual velocity” method. -
Geomorphic Classification of Rivers
9.36 Geomorphic Classification of Rivers JM Buffington, U.S. Forest Service, Boise, ID, USA DR Montgomery, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA Published by Elsevier Inc. 9.36.1 Introduction 730 9.36.2 Purpose of Classification 730 9.36.3 Types of Channel Classification 731 9.36.3.1 Stream Order 731 9.36.3.2 Process Domains 732 9.36.3.3 Channel Pattern 732 9.36.3.4 Channel–Floodplain Interactions 735 9.36.3.5 Bed Material and Mobility 737 9.36.3.6 Channel Units 739 9.36.3.7 Hierarchical Classifications 739 9.36.3.8 Statistical Classifications 745 9.36.4 Use and Compatibility of Channel Classifications 745 9.36.5 The Rise and Fall of Classifications: Why Are Some Channel Classifications More Used Than Others? 747 9.36.6 Future Needs and Directions 753 9.36.6.1 Standardization and Sample Size 753 9.36.6.2 Remote Sensing 754 9.36.7 Conclusion 755 Acknowledgements 756 References 756 Appendix 762 9.36.1 Introduction 9.36.2 Purpose of Classification Over the last several decades, environmental legislation and a A basic tenet in geomorphology is that ‘form implies process.’As growing awareness of historical human disturbance to rivers such, numerous geomorphic classifications have been de- worldwide (Schumm, 1977; Collins et al., 2003; Surian and veloped for landscapes (Davis, 1899), hillslopes (Varnes, 1958), Rinaldi, 2003; Nilsson et al., 2005; Chin, 2006; Walter and and rivers (Section 9.36.3). The form–process paradigm is a Merritts, 2008) have fostered unprecedented collaboration potentially powerful tool for conducting quantitative geo- among scientists, land managers, and stakeholders to better morphic investigations. -
Timescale Dependence in River Channel Migration Measurements
TIMESCALE DEPENDENCE IN RIVER CHANNEL MIGRATION MEASUREMENTS Abstract: Accurately measuring river meander migration over time is critical for sediment budgets and understanding how rivers respond to changes in hydrology or sediment supply. However, estimates of meander migration rates or streambank contributions to sediment budgets using repeat aerial imagery, maps, or topographic data will be underestimated without proper accounting for channel reversal. Furthermore, comparing channel planform adjustment measured over dissimilar timescales are biased because shortand long-term measurements are disproportionately affected by temporary rate variability, long-term hiatuses, and channel reversals. We evaluate the role of timescale dependence for the Root River, a single threaded meandering sand- and gravel-bedded river in southeastern Minnesota, USA, with 76 years of aerial photographs spanning an era of landscape changes that have drastically altered flows. Empirical data and results from a statistical river migration model both confirm a temporal measurement-scale dependence, illustrated by systematic underestimations (2–15% at 50 years) and convergence of migration rates measured over sufficiently long timescales (> 40 years). Frequency of channel reversals exerts primary control on measurement bias for longer time intervals by erasing the record of observable migration. We conclude that using long-term measurements of channel migration for sediment remobilization projections, streambank contributions to sediment budgets, sediment flux estimates, and perceptions of fluvial change will necessarily underestimate such calculations. Introduction Fundamental concepts and motivations Measuring river meander migration rates from historical aerial images is useful for developing a predictive understanding of channel and floodplain evolution (Lauer & Parker, 2008; Crosato, 2009; Braudrick et al., 2009; Parker et al., 2011), bedrock incision and strath terrace formation (C. -
Missouri River Floodplain from River Mile (RM) 670 South of Decatur, Nebraska to RM 0 at St
Hydrogeomorphic Evaluation of Ecosystem Restoration Options For The Missouri River Floodplain From River Mile (RM) 670 South of Decatur, Nebraska to RM 0 at St. Louis, Missouri Prepared For: U. S. Fish and Wildlife Service Region 3 Minneapolis, Minnesota Greenbrier Wetland Services Report 15-02 Mickey E. Heitmeyer Joseph L. Bartletti Josh D. Eash December 2015 HYDROGEOMORPHIC EVALUATION OF ECOSYSTEM RESTORATION OPTIONS FOR THE MISSOURI RIVER FLOODPLAIN FROM RIVER MILE (RM) 670 SOUTH OF DECATUR, NEBRASKA TO RM 0 AT ST. LOUIS, MISSOURI Prepared For: U. S. Fish and Wildlife Service Region 3 Refuges and Wildlife Minneapolis, Minnesota By: Mickey E. Heitmeyer Greenbrier Wetland Services Advance, MO 63730 Joseph L. Bartletti Prairie Engineers of Illinois, P.C. Springfield, IL 62703 And Josh D. Eash U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service, Region 3 Water Resources Branch Bloomington, MN 55437 Greenbrier Wetland Services Report No. 15-02 December 2015 Mickey E. Heitmeyer, PhD Greenbrier Wetland Services Route 2, Box 2735 Advance, MO 63730 www.GreenbrierWetland.com Publication No. 15-02 Suggested citation: Heitmeyer, M. E., J. L. Bartletti, and J. D. Eash. 2015. Hydrogeomorphic evaluation of ecosystem restoration options for the Missouri River Flood- plain from River Mile (RM) 670 south of Decatur, Nebraska to RM 0 at St. Louis, Missouri. Prepared for U. S. Fish and Wildlife Service Region 3, Min- neapolis, MN. Greenbrier Wetland Services Report 15-02, Blue Heron Conservation Design and Print- ing LLC, Bloomfield, MO. Photo credits: USACE; http://statehistoricalsocietyofmissouri.org/; Karen Kyle; USFWS http://digitalmedia.fws.gov/cdm/; Cary Aloia This publication printed on recycled paper by ii Contents EXECUTIVE SUMMARY .................................................................................... -
Field Studies and 3D Modelling of Morphodynamics in a Meandering River Reach Dominated by Tides and Suspended Load
fluids Article Field Studies and 3D Modelling of Morphodynamics in a Meandering River Reach Dominated by Tides and Suspended Load Qiancheng Xie 1,* , James Yang 2,3 and T. Staffan Lundström 1 1 Division of Fluid and Experimental Mechanics, Luleå University of Technology, 97187 Luleå, Sweden; [email protected] 2 Vattenfall AB, Research and Development, Hydraulic Laboratory, 81426 Älvkarleby, Sweden; [email protected] 3 Resources, Energy and Infrastructure, Royal Institute of Technology, 10044 Stockholm, Sweden * Correspondence: [email protected]; Tel.: +4672-2870-381 Received: 9 December 2018; Accepted: 20 January 2019; Published: 22 January 2019 Abstract: Meandering is a common feature in natural alluvial streams. This study deals with alluvial behaviors of a meander reach subjected to both fresh-water flow and strong tides from the coast. Field measurements are carried out to obtain flow and sediment data. Approximately 95% of the sediment in the river is suspended load of silt and clay. The results indicate that, due to the tidal currents, the flow velocity and sediment concentration are always out of phase with each other. The cross-sectional asymmetry and bi-directional flow result in higher sediment concentration along inner banks than along outer banks of the main stream. For a given location, the near-bed concentration is 2−5 times the surface value. Based on Froude number, a sediment carrying capacity formula is derived for the flood and ebb tides. The tidal flow stirs the sediment and modifies its concentration and transport. A 3D hydrodynamic model of flow and suspended sediment transport is established to compute the flow patterns and morphology changes. -
Latrobe River Basin January 2014
Latrobe River Basin January 2014 Introduction Southern Rural Water is the water corporation responsible for administering and enforcing the Latrobe River Basin Local Management Plan. The purpose of the Latrobe River Basin Local Management Plan is to: • document the management objectives for the system • explain to licence holders (and the broader community) the specific management objectives and arrangements for their water resource and the rules that apply to them as users of that resource • clarify water sharing arrangements for all users and the environment, including environmental flow requirements • document any limits, including water use caps, permissible consumptive volumes or extraction limits that apply to the system. Management objectives The objective of the Local Management Plan is to ensure the equitable sharing of water between users and the environment and the long-term sustainability of the resource. Water system covered The Local Management Plan covers all the rivers and creeks located within the Latrobe River Basin, which includes: Upper Latrobe Catchment Narracan Creek Catchment Moe River Catchment Frenchmans Creek Narracan Creek Bear Creek Harolds Creek Little Narracan Creek Bull Swamp Creek Hemp Hills Creek Trimms Creek Crossover Creek Loch River Dead Horse Creek McKerlies Creek Morwell River Catchment Hazel Creek Sandy Creek Billy’s Creek Loch Creek Stony Creek Eel Hole Creek Moe Main Drain Torongo River Little Morwell River Moe River Upper Latrobe River Morwell River Mosquito Creek Latrobe River Catchment O’Grady Creek Red Hill Creek Tanjil River Sassafras Creek Sassafras Creek Latrobe River Silver Creek Settlers Creek Tyers River Ten Mile Creek Seymour Creek Jacobs Creek Walkley’s Creek Shady Creek Traralgon Creek Wilderness Creek Sunny Creek The Latrobe River Basin is shown in the map below. -
Channel Morphology and Bedrock River Incision: Theory, Experiments, and Application to the Eastern Himalaya
Channel morphology and bedrock river incision: Theory, experiments, and application to the eastern Himalaya Noah J. Finnegan A dissertation submitted in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the degree of Doctor of Philosophy University of Washington 2007 Program Authorized to Offer Degree: Department of Earth and Space Sciences University of Washington Graduate School This is to certify that I have examined this copy of a doctoral dissertation by Noah J. Finnegan and have found that it is complete and satisfactory in all respects, and that any and all revisions required by the final examining committee have been made. Co-Chairs of the Supervisory Committee: ___________________________________________________________ Bernard Hallet ___________________________________________________________ David R. Montgomery Reading Committee: ____________________________________________________________ Bernard Hallet ____________________________________________________________ David R. Montgomery ____________________________________________________________ Gerard Roe Date:________________________ In presenting this dissertation in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the doctoral degree at the University of Washington, I agree that the Library shall make its copies freely available for inspection. I further agree that extensive copying of the dissertation is allowable only for scholarly purposes, consistent with “fair use” as prescribed in the U.S. Copyright Law. Requests for copying or reproduction of this dissertation may be referred -
3.13 Paleontological Resources
Gateway West Transmission Line Draft EIS 3.13 PALEONTOLOGICAL RESOURCES This section addresses the potential impacts from the Proposed Route and Route Alternatives on the known paleontological resources during construction, operation, and decommissioning. The Proposed Route and Route Alternatives pass through areas where paleontological resources are known to exist. The routes, their potential impacts, and mitigation methods to minimize or eliminate impacts are discussed in this section. 3.13.1 Affected Environment This section describes the mapped geology and known paleontological resources near the Proposed Action. It also describes and compares potential impacts of the Proposed Action and Action Alternatives to paleontological resources. Fossils are important scientific and educational resources because of their use in: 1) documenting the presence and evolutionary history of particular groups of now extinct organisms, 2) reconstructing the environments in which these organisms lived, and 3) determining the relative ages of the strata in which they occur. Fossils are also important in determining the geologic events that resulted in the deposition of the sediments in which they were buried. 3.13.1.1 Analysis Area The Project area in Wyoming and Idaho consists of predominantly north-south trending mountain ranges separated by structural basins. The eastern portion of the Project (Segments 1 and 2) would be located within the Laramie Mountains and the Shirley Mountains, which consist predominantly of Precambrian granite and gneisses. Moving west in Wyoming, the Project would cross major structural basins created during the Laramide Orogeny, including the Hanna Basin in Carbon County (Segment 2), and the Greater Green River Basin in Sweetwater County (Segments 3 and 4). -
River Incision Into Bedrock: Mechanics and Relative Efficacy of Plucking, Abrasion and Cavitation
River incision into bedrock: Mechanics and relative efficacy of plucking, abrasion and cavitation Kelin X. Whipple* Department of Earth, Atmospheric, and Planetary Science, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139 Gregory S. Hancock Department of Geology, College of William and Mary, Williamsburg, Virginia 23187 Robert S. Anderson Department of Earth Sciences, University of California, Santa Cruz, California 95064 ABSTRACT long term (Howard et al., 1994). These conditions are commonly met in Improved formulation of bedrock erosion laws requires knowledge mountainous and tectonically active landscapes, and bedrock channels are of the actual processes operative at the bed. We present qualitative field known to dominate steeplands drainage networks (e.g., Wohl, 1993; Mont- evidence from a wide range of settings that the relative efficacy of the gomery et al., 1996; Hovius et al., 1997). As the three-dimensional structure various processes of fluvial erosion (e.g., plucking, abrasion, cavitation, of drainage networks sets much of the form of terrestrial landscapes, it is solution) is a strong function of substrate lithology, and that joint spac- clear that a deep appreciation of mountainous landscapes requires knowl- ing, fractures, and bedding planes exert the most direct control. The edge of the controls on bedrock channel morphology. Moreover, bedrock relative importance of the various processes and the nature of the in- channels play a critical role in the dynamic evolution of mountainous land- terplay between them are inferred from detailed observations of the scapes (Anderson, 1994; Anderson et al., 1994; Howard et al., 1994; Tucker morphology of erosional forms on channel bed and banks, and their and Slingerland, 1996; Sklar and Dietrich, 1998; Whipple and Tucker, spatial distributions. -
CLASSIFICATION of CALIFORNIA ESTUARIES BASED on NATURAL CLOSURE PATTERNS: TEMPLATES for RESTORATION and MANAGEMENT Revised
CLASSIFICATION OF CALIFORNIA ESTUARIES BASED ON NATURAL CLOSURE PATTERNS: TEMPLATES FOR RESTORATION AND MANAGEMENT Revised David K. Jacobs Eric D. Stein Travis Longcore Technical Report 619.a - August 2011 Classification of California Estuaries Based on Natural Closure Patterns: Templates for Restoration and Management David K. Jacobs1, Eric D. Stein2, and Travis Longcore3 1UCLA Department of Ecology and Evolutionary Biology 2Southern California Coastal Water Research Project 3University of Southern California - Spatial Sciences Institute August 2010 Revised August 2011 Technical Report 619.a ABSTRACT Determining the appropriate design template is critical to coastal wetland restoration. In seasonally wet and semi-arid regions of the world coastal wetlands tend to close off from the sea seasonally or episodically, and decisions regarding estuarine mouth closure have far reaching implications for cost, management, and ultimate success of coastal wetland restoration. In the past restoration planners relied on an incomplete understanding of the factors that influence estuarine mouth closure. Consequently, templates from other climatic/physiographic regions are often inappropriately applied. The first step to addressing this issue is to develop a classification system based on an understanding of the processes that formed the estuaries and thus define their pre-development structure. Here we propose a new classification system for California estuaries based on the geomorphic history and the dominant physical processes that govern the formation of the estuary space or volume. It is distinct from previous estuary closure models, which focused primarily on the relationship between estuary size and tidal prism in constraining closure. This classification system uses geologic origin, exposure to littoral process, watershed size and runoff characteristics as the basis of a conceptual model that predicts likely frequency and duration of closure of the estuary mouth. -
Walk-Issue14-1963.Pdf
1963 Terms and Conditions of Use Copies of Walk magazine are made available under Creative Commons - Attribution Non-Commercial Share Alike copyright. Use of the magazine. You are free: • To Share- to copy, distribute and transmit the work • To Remix- to adapt the work Under the following conditions (unless you receive prior written authorisation from Melbourne Bushwalkers Inc.): • Attribution- You must attribute the work (but not in any way that suggests that Melbourne Bushwalkers Inc. endorses you or your use of the work). • Noncommercial- You may not use this work for commercial purposes. • Share Alike- If you alter, transform, or build upon this work, you may distribute the resulting work only under the same or similar license to this one. Disclaimer of Warranties and Limitations on Liability. Melbourne Bushwalkers Inc. makes no warranty as to the accuracy or completeness of any content of this work. Melbourne Bushwalkers Inc. disclaims any warranty for the content, and will not be liable for any damage or loss resulting from the use of any content. ----···············------------------------------· • BUSHWALKING • CAVING • ROCK CLIMBING • CAMPING • SKI TOURING PROVIDE A CHALLENGE TO MAN AND HIS EQUIPMENT, FOR OVER 30 YEARS, PADDYMADE CAMP GEAR HAS PROVED ITS WORTH TO THOUSANDS OF WALKERS AND OUT-OF-DOORS ADVEN TURERS. MAKE SURE YOU, TOO, HAVE THE BEST OF GEAR. From- PADDY PALLIN Py. ltd. 201 CASTLEREAGH STREET, SYDNEY - Phone BM 2685 Ask for our Latest Price List Get your copy of "Bushwalking - --- and Camping," by Paddy Pallin -5/6 posted --------------------------------------------------· CWalk A JOURNAL OF THE MELBOURNE BUSHW ALKERS NUMBER FOURTEEN 1963 CONTENTS: * BY THE PEOPLE 'l ... -
Fitzroy Basin Resource Operations Plan
Fitzroy Basin Resource Operations Plan September 2014 Amended September 2015 This publication has been compiled by Water Policy—Department of Natural Resource and Mines. © State of Queensland, 2015 The Queensland Government supports and encourages the dissemination and exchange of its information. The copyright in this publication is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 3.0 Australia (CC BY) licence. Under this licence you are free, without having to seek our permission, to use this publication in accordance with the licence terms. You must keep intact the copyright notice and attribute the State of Queensland as the source of the publication. Note: Some content in this publication may have different licence terms as indicated. For more information on this licence, visit http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/3.0/au/deed.en The information contained herein is subject to change without notice. The Queensland Government shall not be liable for technical or other errors or omissions contained herein. The reader/user accepts all risks and responsibility for losses, damages, costs and other consequences resulting directly or indirectly from using this information. Contents Chapter 1 Preliminary .............................................................................. 1 1 Short title ............................................................................................................. 1 2 Commencement of the resource operations plan amendment ............................. 1 3 Purpose of plan ..................................................................................................