PRIRODOSLOVNI MUZEJ RIJEKA NATURAL HISTORY MUSEUM RIJEKA
II. znanstveni skup s me|unarodnim sudjelovanjem 2nd Scientific Symposium with international participation
PRIRODOSLOVNA ISTRA@IVANJA RIJE^KOG PODRU^JA NATURAL HISTORY RESEARCHES OF THE RIJEKA REGION
povodom obilje`avanja 130. godi{njice utemeljenja i 60. godi{njice javnog djelovanja Prirodoslovnog muzeja Rijeka on the occasion of its 130th anniversary of establishment and 60th anniversary of public activity of the Natural History Museum Rijeka
Rijeka, 14. – 17. lipnja 2006. Rijeka, 14th – 17th June 2006
KNJIGA SA@ETAKA ABSTRACTS
Autori su odgovorni za sadr`aj svojih sa`etaka The authors are responsibile for the contents of their abstracts
Editors / Urednici Milvana Arko-Pijevac, Borut Kru`i}, Marcelo Kova~i}
ORGANIZACIJA / ORGANIZATION Prirodoslovni muzej Rijeka / Natural History Museum Rijeka
SUORGANIZATORI / CO-ORGANIZERS Hrvatsko biolo{ko dru{tvo 1885. / Croatian Biological Society 1885 Hrvatsko ekolo{ko dru{tvo / Croatian Ecological Society Hrvatsko geolo{ko dru{tvo / Croatian Geological Society Hrvatsko meteorolo{ko dru{tvo / Croatian Meteorological Society Zavod za {kolstvo Rebublike Hrvatske / Institute of Education of the Republic of Croatia
ORGANIZACIJSKI ODBOR / ORGANIZING COMMITTEE Milvana Arko-Pijevac, Marin Kirin~i}, Koraljka Klepa~, Borut Kru`i}, @eljka Modri}.
ZNANSTVENI ODBOR / SCIENTIFIC COMMITTEE Polje Geofizike / Field of Geophysics Dr. sc. Marjana Gaji}-^apka, dr. sc. Zvonko Gr`eti}, prof. dr. sc. Davorka Herak, prof. dr. sc. Mirko Orli}, dr. sc. Du{an Trnini}.
Polje Kemije / Field of Chemistry Dr. sc. Ana Alebi}-Jureti}, prof. dr. sc. Nikola Kallay, dr. sc. Sonja Nikoli}, akademik Nenad Trinajsti}.
Polje Geologije / Field of Geology Prof. dr. sc. Giovanni Battista Carulli, prof. dr. sc. ^edomir Benac, dr. sc. Breda ^in~-Juhant, dr. sc. Marta Crnjakovi}, akademik Ivan Gu{i}, dr. sc. Mathias Harzhauser, prof. dr. sc. Mladen Jura~i}, prof. dr. sc. Goran Kniewald, dr. sc. Francisco José Poyato-Ariza, dr. sc. Igor Vlahovi}.
Polje Geografije / Field of Geography Akademik Andrija Bognar, prof. dr. sc. Zoran Curi}, doc. dr. sc. Danijel Ore{i}.
Polje Biologije / Field of Biology Doc. dr. sc. Vi{nja Besendorfer, prof. dr. sc. Mladen Kerovec, dr. sc. Marcelo Kova~i}, prof.dr. sc. Ivona Marasovi}, prof. dr. sc. Milorad Mrakov~i}, prof. dr. sc. Antonieta Po`ar-Domac, dr. sc. Ulrich Schliewen, dr. sc. Bo{tjan Surina, prof. dr. sc. Jasenka Topi}, prof. dr. sc. Tom Turk, dr. sc. Nikola Tvrtkovi}.
Odr`avanje savjetovanja omogu}ili su: / The Symposium is supported by:
Ministarstvo znanosti, obrazovanja i {porta Republike Hrvatske Mynistry of Science, Education and Sports, Republic of Croatia Ministarstvo kulture Republike Hrvatske / Ministry of culture, Republic of Croatia Hrvatska akademija znanosti i umjetnosti / Croatian Academy of Sciences and Arts Primorsko-goranska `upanija / Primorsko-goranska County Grad Rijeka / City of Rijeka
Sponzor / Sponsor: Grand Hotel Bonavia
CIP - Katalogizacija u publikaciji S V E U C I L I S N A K N J I Z N I C A R I J E K A UDK 5(497.5-37 Rijeka)(091) ZNANSTVENI skup Prirodoslovna istra`ivanja rije~kog podru~ja (2 ; 2006 ; Rijeka) Prirodoslovna istra`ivanja rije~kog podru~ja : II. znanstveni skup povodom 130. godi{njice utemeljenja i 60. godi{njice javnog djelovanja Prirodoslovnog muzeja Rijeka, Rijeka, 14.- 17. lipnja 2006. : knjiga sa`etaka = Natural history researches of the Rijeka region : the 2nd Scientific Symposium , Rijeka 14th-17th june 2006 : abstracts /
1. Natural history researches of the Rijeka region I. Znanstveni rad -- Prirodne znanosti -- Rijeka 110708061
PREDGOVOR
Drugi znanstveni skup Prirodoslovna istra`ivanja rije~kog podru~ja organiziran je povodom 130. obljetnice utemeljenja i 60. obljetnice javnog djelovanja Prirodoslovnog muzeja Rijeka. Ciljevi ovog skupa su sumarni povijesni pregled dosada{njih istra`ivanja i dobivenih rezultata na {irem rije~kom podru~ju (Istra, Gorski kotar, kvarnersko podru~je), prikaz aktualnog stanja istra`enosti prema pojedinim znanstvenim podru~jima, te ukazivanje na potrebe i smjernice daljnjih istra`ivanja. Zahvaljujemo Hrvatskom biolo{kom dru{tvu 1885., Hrvatskom ekolo{kom dru{tvu, Hrvatskom geolo{kom dru{tvu i Hrvatskom meteorolo{kom dru{tvu koji su podr`ali organizaciju savjetovanja, te svim sudionicima skupa, znanstvenicima i prirodoslovcima iz muzejskih ustanova i instituta u Hrvatskoj. Posebno zahvaljujemo Ministarstvu znanosti i tehnologije Republike Hrvatske, Ministarstvu kulture Republike Hrvatske, Hrvatskoj akademiji znanosti i umjetnosti, Primorsko- goranskoj `upaniji i Gradu Rijeci koji su financijskom potporom omogu}ili kvalitetnu realizaciju programa skupa. Knjiga sa`etaka sadr`i ukupno 112 priop}enja: 10 plenarnih priop}enja, 54 kratka usmena priop}enja i 58 posterskih prezentacija. Priop}enja su podijeljena u 16 tematskih cjelina: Povijest prirodoslovnih istra`ivanja, Meteorologija, Fizi~ka oceanografija, Seizmologija, Kemija atmosfere, Kemija tla, Kemija voda, Geologija, Paleontologija, Mineralogija, Geografija, Biologija kopna, Biologija mora, Uloga prirodoslovnih muzeja u prirodoslovnim istra`ivanjima i Za{tita prirode i okoli{a. No, kako je za pojedine tematske cjeline prijavljen mali broj priop}enja, srodne teme spojene su u ve}e cjeline: Polje geofizike, Polje kemije, Polje geologije, Polje geografije i Polje biologije. I {to jo{ re}i, osim izraziti zadovoljstvo zbog velikog broja prijavljenih priop}enja koja }e doprinijeti razmjeni iskustava i dovesti do novih spoznaja o stanju prirode i okoli{a rije~kog podru~ja, s ciljem pru`anja osnovnih polazi{ta za daljnji, odr`ivi gospodarski razvoj Primorsko-goranske `upanije. @elim vam uspje{an rad, te ugodno dru`enje i boravak u Rijeci.
U ime Organizacijskog odbora: Milvana Arko-Pijevac, ravnateljica Prirodoslovnog muzeja Rijeka
FOREWORD
2nd Scientific Symposium Natural History Researches of the Rijeka Region was organized to commemorate the 130th anniversary of the establishment of the Natural History Museum Rijeka, and 60th anniversary of its first public operation. The Symposium aims to supply a historical overview and results of the researches undertaken so far in the wider Rijeka region (Istria, Gorski kotar, Kvarner region) and to present the current level of scientific findings in various scientific fields of expertise. In addition, it aims to point out necessity and guidelines of future scientific researches. We would like to thank Croatian Biological Society 1885, Croatian Ecological Society, Croatian Geological Society, Croatian Meteorological Society who have supported this symposium, as well as all participants of Symposium, natural historians employed in various museums and institutes in Croatia and abroad. We would like to extend especially warm thanks to the authorities of the Ministry of Science, Education and Sports, Ministry of Culture, Croatian Academy of Sciences and Arts, Primorje and Gorski kotar County and City of Rijeka whose financial support improved the quality of the symposium programs. In the Volume of Abstracts there are 112 presentations: 10 plenary speeches, 54 short oral presentations, and 58 poster presentations. The presentations are divided into 16 topics: Historical Overview of Natural History Researches, Meteorology, Physical Oceanography, Seismology, Chemistry of Atmosphere, Chemistry of Waters, Chemistry of Soil, Geology, Paleontology, Mineralogy, Geography Terrestrial Biology, Marine Biology, Protection of Nature and Environment, The Role of Natural History Museums in Natural History Researches. Due to a relatively small number of papers submitted for certain topics, the related topics were merged into the following fields: Field of Geophysics, Field of Chemistry, Field of Geology, Field of Geography and Field of Biology. And, what else is there to say, but express satisfaction due to the great number of presentations, which will contribute to the exchange of experience and new knowledge about facts of Rijeka’s region nature and environment aiming to give basic starting points for further framework of sustainable economic development of Primorje and Gorski kotar County. Therefore I wish you successful and productive discussions, as well as a nice stay in Rijeka.
On behalf of the Organizing Committee: Milvana Arko-Pijevac, Director Natural History Museum Rijeka
SADR@AJ / CONTENTS PREDGOVOR / FOREWORD...... Strana / Page
PROGRAM / PROGRAMME OP]E OBAVIJESTI / GENERAL INFORMATION...... 14 DRU[TVENI PROGRAM / SOCIAL PROGRAMME...... 15
PROGRAM SAVJETOVANJA / SYMPOSIUM PROGRAMME...... 17
POVIJEST PRIRODOSLOVNIH ISTRA@IVANJA...... 30 HISTORICAL OVERVIEW OF NATURAL HISTORY RESEARCHES
(1) Ana Alebi}-Jureti}...... 30 O prvim analizama vode iz izvora Zvir On the first analyses of water from the spring Zvir
(2) Koraljka Klepa~, Rajko Pavlovec ...... 30 Stache i Istra Stache and Istria
(3) Ivo Trinajsti}, Zinka Pavleti}...... 31 Povijest istra`ivanja istarske flore History of Istrian flora research
(4) Slavko Brana...... 32 J. H. Zannichelli (1662-1729) i prva floristi~ka istra`ivnja U~ke J. H. Zannichelli (1662-1729) and the early floristic explorations of U~ka mountain
(5) Nediljko @evrnja, Dalibor Vladovi}, Dina Tomasovi}...... 32 Iz herbara C. Studniczke From the herbarium of C. Studniczke
(6) Maja Novosel, Antonieta Po`ar-Domac...... 33 Povijest istra`ivanja faune mahovnjaka (Bryozoa) {ireg rije~kog podru~ja History of research of bryozoan fauna in the wider Rijeka area
(7) Theodor de Canziani Jak{i}...... 34 Vegetabilna i animalisti~ka ornamentacija Rije~ke ribarnice Vegetative and zoomorphic architectural ornametary of Rijeka’s Fish market
POLJE GEOFIZIKE (TEME: METEOROLOGIJA, HIDROGRAFIJA, FIZI^KA OCEANOGRAFIJA, SEIZMOLOGIJA)...... 35 FIELD OF GEOPHYSICS (TOPICS: METEOROLOGY, HIDROGRAPHY, PHYSICAL OCEANOGRAPHY, SEISMOLOGY
(8) Mirko Orli}...... 35 Operativna oceanografija u Hrvatskoj? Operational oceanography in Croatia?
(9) Melita Per~ec Tadi}, Marjana Gaji}-^apka, Ksenija Zaninovi}, Mirta Patar~i}, Lidija Srnec...... 36 Digitalne karte odabranih klimatskih elemenata s naglaskom na podru~je Primorsko-goranske `upa- nije Digital maps of the selected climatic parameters with emphasis to the Primorsko-goranska county
(10) Gordana Hrabak-Tumpa, Stjepan Ivatek-[ahdan...... 36 Re`im vjetra na podru~ju rije~kog bazena The wind regime on wide area of Rijeka bay
(11) Alica Baji}...... 37 Bura na rije~kom podru~ju Bora wind in the Rijeka Region
(12) Mirko Orli}, Danijel Belu{i}, Zoran Pasari}...... 38 Prva mjerenja bure trokomponentnim anemometrom First measurements of the bora wind with a three-axis anemometer
(13) Marina Mileta...... 38 Ekstremne godi{nje i ljetne temperaturne zraka na rije~kom podru~ju Extreme annual and summer air temperatures conditions over area of Rijeka
(14) Lidija Cvitan...... 39 Trendovi temperaturnih parametara primijenjenih u procjeni energije potrebne za grijanje u Crikvenici Trends in temperature parameters used for recent heating energy assessment in Crikvenica
(15) Mirta Patar~i}, Ksenija Zaninovi}...... 40 Prostorna raspodjela srednjeg godi{njeg broja dana s padanjem snijega na {irem rije~kom podru~ju Spatial distribution of the mean annual number of snowfall days in the Rijeka region
(16) Dubravka Rasol, Kornelija [poler ^ani}...... 40 Meteorolo{ka mjerenja u Snije`nici u Gorskom kotaru Meteorological measurements in a Snow pit in the Gorski Kotar Region
(17) Amela Jeri~evi}, Kornelija [poler ^ani}...... 41 Prognoza akcidenata one~i{}enja na rije~kom podru~ju pomo}u parametara stabilnosti Pollution episodes prediction based on stability parameters in the Rijeka area
(18) Mirko Orli}, Miroslava Pasari}, Zoran Pasari}...... 42 Usporedna mjerenja mehani~kim i radarskim mareografom u Bakru Parallel measurements with the mechanical and radar tide gauges at Bakar
(19) Nastjenjka Supi}, Mirko Orli}...... 42 Vi{egodi{nje promjene dinamike sjevernog Jadrana Long-term changes of the northern Adriatic dynamics
(20) Nenad Domijan, Hrvoje Mihanovi}, Nenad Leder, Zvonko Gr`eti}...... 43 Harmoni~ka i spektralna analiza morskih struja u sjevernom dijelu Rije~kog zaljeva Harmonic and spectral analysis of current measurements in the northern part of the Rijeka bay
(21) Davorka Herak, Marijan Herak...... 44 Potresi u Istri i okolici Earthquakes in Istria and surroundings
POLJE KEMIJE (TEME: KEMIJA ATMOSFERE, KEMIJA VODA, KEMIJA TLA)...... 45 FIELD OF CHEMISTRY (TOPICS: CHEMISTRY OF ATMOSPHERE, CHEMISTRY OF WATERS, CHEMISTRY OF SOIL)
(22) Leo Klasinc...... 45 Atmosfera i mi Atmosphere and we
(23) Jelena Markovi}, @eljka Maji}, Tajana Preo~anin, Davor Kova~evi}, Nikola Kallay...... 46 Adsorpcija organskih kiselina na kovinske okside Adsorption of small organic acid molecules on hematite
(24) Neven Cukrov, Dario Omanovi}, @eljko Kwokal...... 46 Tragovi metala u morskoj vodi Luke Rijeka Trace metals in seawater of Port of Rijeka
(25) Vladivoj Valkovi}, Jasmina Obho|a{, Mladen ^rnjar...... 47 One~i{}enje sedimenata priobalnog mora te{kim metalima iz protuobra{tajnih (antifouling) boja u Kvarnerskom zaljevu Coastal sea sediment contamination by heavy metals from antifouling paints in Kvarner Bay
(26) Marijana Cukrov, Branko Jal`i}, Dario Omanovi}, Neven Cukrov...... 48 Tragovi metala u vodenom stupcu Urinjske {pilje Trace metal in water column of Urinj cave
(27) Ana Alebi} Jureti}...... 49 Epizoda “`ute ki{e” 12. travnja 2002. na podru~ju Primorsko-goranske `upanije “Yellow rain” episode on april 12th 2002 in the Coastal-Montaneous County area
(28) Branka Me|ugorac, Du{anka ]uzela-Bila}, Mirjana Kra{...... 49 Sadr`aj olova, kadmija, arsena i `ive u morskim organizmima i morskim sedimentima Kvarnerskog zaljeva The contents of lead, cadmium, arsenic and mercury in marine organisms and marine sediments in Kvarner Bay
(29) Ana Alebi} Jureti}...... 50 Policikli~ki aromatski ugljikovodici u morskom sedimentu Rije~kog zaljeva Polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons in marine sediment from the Rijeka Bay
(30) Vanda Pi{kur...... 51 Utjecaj policikli~kih aromatskih ugljikovodika na toksi~nost morske vode, sedimenta i dagnji Mytilus galloprovincialis Lam. Rije~kog zaljeva The influence of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons to the toxicity of sea water, sediments and mussels Mytilus galloprovincialis lam. of Rijeka Bay
POLJE GEOLOGIJE (TEME: GEOLOGIJA, PALEONTOLOGIJA,MINERALOGIJA)...... 53 FIELD OF GEOLOGY (TOPICS: GEOLOGY, PALEONTOLOGY, MINERALOGY)
(31) Mladen Jura~i}...... 53 Obale i morsko dno sjevernog Jadrana Coasts and the sea floor of the northern Adriatic
(32) Slobodan Miko, Sa{a Mesi}, Martina [parica Miko, Esad Prohi}...... 54 Te{ki metali i elementi u tragovima u tlima i jezerskim sedimentima podru~ja Kvarnera i Gorskog kotara Heavy metals and trace elements in soils and sediments of the Kvarner and Gorski kotar region
(33) Dragan Bukovec, Slobodan Miko, Vlado Ku{an, Oleg Antoni}, Zoran Peh, Sa{a Mesi}, Renata Pernar, Martina [parica Miko...... 54 Procjena rizika zakiseljavanja atmosferskim putem u Primorsko–goranskoj `upaniji na temelju geo- kemijskog kartiranja Evaluation of acidification risk in the Primorsko-goranska county based on geochemical mapping
(34) Stanislav Fran~i{kovi}-Bilinski, Mladen Jura~i}, Darko Tiblja{...... 55 Sedimenti Rje~ine (Hrvatska) od kaptiranog izvora do zaga|ene prodelteRje~ina river sediments (Croatia) from captured spring to polluted prodelta
(35) Vi{nja @igi}, Kristina Pikelj, Mladen Jura~i}...... 56 Grgurov kanal – porijeklo sedimenata i povr{inska sedimentolo{ka karta Grgur channel – origin of sediments and surface sediment map
(36) Ranko Crmari}, Krunoslav [karo, Mladen Jura~i}...... 57 Sedimenti podmorja i morfogeneza prostora izme|u otoka Cresa i otoka Krka Sea-bottom sediments and morphogenesis of the area of Cres and Krk islands
(37) ^edomir Benac, Igor Ru`i}, Elvis @ic...... 58 Ranjivost prirodnih `ala na podru~ju Kvarnera The vulnerability of natural beaches in Kvarner area
(38) Francisco José Poyato-Ariza...... 58 Relevance of Croatian Cretaceous fishes
(39) Koraljka Klepa~, Francisco José Poyato-Ariza...... 59 The first complete pycnodontiform fish specimen from Istria, Croatia
(40) Boris Luk{i}, @eljko Dedi}, @eljko Kastmüller...... 59 Mineralne sirovine Primorsko-goranske `upanije Mineral resources of the Primorsko-goranska county
(41) Darko Tiblja{, Zavi{a [imac, Dragan Matijevi}, Mladen Jura~i}, Delko Bari{i}...... 60 Mineralo{ke i geokemijske karakteristike podmorskih sedimenata s trase opti~kog kabla Adria i profila Pula – Ravena Mineralogical and geochemical characteristics of sea-bed sediments along the route of Optical Cable Adria and the profile Pula – Ravenna
(42) Biserka Radanovi}-Gu`vica...... 61 Morfolo{ke i kristalografske zna~ajke barita iz Mrzle Vodice u Gorskom kotaru Morphological and crystallographical features of barite from Mrzla Vodica, Gorski kotar region
POLJE GEOGRAFIJE (TEMA: GEOGRAFIJA)...... 63 FIELD OF GEOGRAPHY (TOPIC: GEOGRAPHY)
(43) Andrija Bognar...... 63 Geomorfolo{ke zna~ajke, nastanak i razvoj doline Pazin~ice Geomorphological Features, Origin and Developmentof the Pazin~ica River Valley
(44) Mladen Pahernik...... 64 Geomorfolo{ka baza podataka Gorskog kotara Geomorphologic database of Gorski kotar
(45) Tea Duplan~i}- Leder, Nenad Leder...... 65 Informacijski sustav elektroni~kih navigacijskih karata u Republici Hrvatskoj Electronic Navigational Charts Information System in the Republic of Croatia
(46) Anita Filip~i}...... 66 Neka opa`anja o ~estini bure na Kvarneru Some Observations on Bora Frequency in the Kvarner Region
(47) Mladen Maradin...... 66 Utjecaj odabranih klimatskih elemenata na razvoj turizma Senja The influence of selected climatic elements on touristic developement of Senj
(48) Sanja Faivre, Eric Fouache, Eduard Prelogovi}...... 67 Relativna promjena morske razine du` Hrvatske obale u posljednjih 2000 godina u korelaciji s recent- nim tektonskim pokretima Relative sea level change along the Croatian shoreline in the last 2000 years in correlation with recent tectonic movements
POLJE BIOLOGIJE (TEME: BIOLOGIJA KOPNA, BIOLOGIJA MORA)...... 68 FIELD OF BIOLOGY (TOPICS: TERRESTRIAL BIOLOGY, MARINE BIOLOGY)
(49) Bo{tjan Surina...... 68 Liburnian karst: a (bio)geographical entity? Liburnijski kr{: (bio)geografska cjelina?
(50) Ivo Trinajsti}...... 68 Kr~ki refugij mezofilne {umske vegetacije Krk refuge of the mesophilous forest vegetation
(51) Bo{tjan Surina, @eljka Modri}...... 69 Vegetacija snije`nih to~ila i blokova (Arabidetalia caerulaeae) Liburnijskog kr{a (SZ Dinaridi) Snow-bed vegetation (Arabidetalia caerulaeae) in the Liburnian karst (NW Dinaric Mts)
(52) Slavko Brana, Minka Brana...... 70 Rasprostranjenost nekih rijetkih i ugro`enih svojti vaskularne flore Istre i Kvarnera Distribution of some rare, endemic and threatened species of Istria and Kvarner’s vascular flora
(53) Suzana Buzjak, Mirjana Vrbek...... 70 Floristi~ke i ekolo{ke zna~ajke dvaju speleolo{kih objekata na otoku Krku Floristic and ecological characteristics of two speleological features on the island of Krk
(54) @eljko [panjol, Damir Bar~i}, Roman Rosavec...... 71 Meliorativna uloga borovih kultura na predjelu Kamenjak – otok Rab Ameliorative role of pine cultures in the area of Kamenjak – the island of Rab
(55) Zvonimir Pelcer...... 72 Od vegetacijsko-ekolo{ke do ekolo{ko-gospodarske klasifikacije {uma i {umskih stani{ta Hrvatske From vegetational-ecological to ecological – economical classification of forests and forrest habitats of Croatia
(56) Maja Grade~ki, Karmelo Po{tenjak, Ivan Malnar...... 73 Struktura broja stabala -od ponika do mladika- ekolo{ko-gospodarskih tipova {uma u Nacionalnom parku “Risnjak“ Structure of the Number of Trees (from saplings to young plants) in Ecological-Management Types of the “Risnjak” National Park
(57) Slavko Polak...... 74 Sjeverni dio otoka Cresa – Tramuntana, kao podru~je od me|unarodnog zna~aja za o~uvanje nekih vrsta kornja{a (Coleoptera) Northern region of the Cres island - Tramuntana, as the area of international importance for the pro- tection of some beetle species (Coloptera)
(58) Irena Grbac, Eduard Klete~ki, Marin Grgurev...... 75 Novi nalazi crnog da`devnjaka, Salamandra atra Laurenti 1768 (SALAMANDRIDAE, AMPHIBIA) u Hrvatskoj New findings of the Alpine Salamander, Salamandra atra Laurenti1 768 (SALAMANDRIDAE, AMPHI- BIA) in Croatia
(59) Zlatko Mihaljevi}, Mladen Kerovec, Ivan~ica Ternjej, Du{ka [a{a...... 75 Makrozoobentos akumulacijskih jezera HE Vinodol Macrozoobenthos of hydroelectric power plant Vinodol reservoirs
(60) Ivana Maguire, Sanja Gottstein Mato~ec, Göran Klobu~ar, Radovan Erben, Mladen Kerovec...... 76 Rasprostanjenost slatkovodnih rakova reda Decapoda na podru~ju Istre, Kvarnera i Gorskog kotara – pro{lost i sada{njost Distribution of freshwater decapods in Istria, Kvarner and Gorski kotar – past and present
(61) Milorad Mrakov~i}, Marko ]aleta, Perica Mustafi}, Zoran Mar~i}, Davor Zanella, Ivana Buj...... 77 Zna~ajke slatkovodnih vrsta riba istarskog poluotoka Characteristics of freshwater fish species in the Istrian peninsula
(62) Zoran Mar~i}, Perica Mustafi}, Davor Zanella, Marko ]aleta, Ivana Buj, Milorad Mrakov~i}...... 77 Promjene i struktura ihtiofaune akumulacija Bajer i Lokve tijekom 50 godina Changes and structure of ichthyofauna during the 50 years of existence of the hydro accumulation Bajer and Lokva (63) Perica Mustafi}, Milorad Mrakov~i}, Bojana Hajduk-^erneha, Davor Zanella, Marko ]aleta,...... 78 Ivana Buj, Andreja Brigi}, Zoran Mar~i} Promjene u sastavu ihtiofaune akumulacije Butoniga zabilje`ene tijekom dugotrajnih promatranja Long-term changes to ichthyofauna composition of Butoniga reservoir
(64) Goran Gu`vica, Tomislav Gomer~i}, Lidija [ver, \uro Huber...... 79 Primjena foto zamki u pra}enju kretanja divljih `ivotinja u Gorskom kotaru Photo traps as a method of wild animal movements monitoring in Gorski kotar region
(65) Karmelo Po{tenjak, Boris Mulc, Maja Grade~ki...... 80 Utjecaj dru{tvenogospodarskih promjena na srne}u divlja~ u {umariji Skrad Influence of Socio-Economic Changes on Roe-deer Game in the “Skrad” Forest Office
(66) Damir Vili~i}, Ingrid Ivan~i}, Goran [afarek...... 81 Sezonska raspodjela i ekolo{ki zna~aj kriptofita (nanoflagelata) u Rije~kom zaljevu i u Vinodolskom kanalu Seasonal distribution and ecological characteristics of cryptophytes (nanoflagellates) in the Rijeka Bay and Vinodol Channel
(67) Claudio Battelli...... 82 Doprinos poznavanju zajednice crvene alge Catenella caespitosa (Withering) L.M. Irvine (Gigartina- les, Rhodophyceae) slovenske obale, sjeverni Jadran Contribution to the knowledge of the Catenella caespitosa (Withering) L.M. Irvine (Gigartinales, Rho- dophyceae) community of the Slovenian coast, northern Adriatic Sea
(68) Sandra Deak, Du{an Zavodnik, Vlasta ]osovi}, Alan Moro...... 82 Koliko je foraminiferskih vrsta u hrvatskom dijelu Jadranskog mora? How many foraminifera live in the Croatian coastal area of the Adriatic Sea?
(69) Adriana Bor~i}, Martina Hervat, Danijela Bogner...... 84 Foraminiferske zajednice recentnih sedimenata jugozapadne Istre Foraminiferal distribution in recent sediment from southwest part of Istria
(70) Martina Mei}, Vlasta ]osovi}, Mladen Jura~i}, Kristina Pikelj, Antonieta Po`ar-Domac...... 84 Recentna foraminiferska zajednica iz Velikog jezera (Mljet, Jadransko more) Recent Foraminiferal Assamblage from Veliko Jezero (Mljet Island, Adriatic Sea (70)
(71) Petar Kru`i}, Antonieta Po`ar-Domac...... 86 Kameni koralji u podmorju Kvarnera Records of Scleractinian corals in Kvarner Region
(72) Martina Hervat, Lovorka Kekez, Melita Peharda, Zvjezdana Popovi}, Nika Stagli~i}, Nedo Vrgo~...... 86 Starost i rast prnjavice Venus verrucosa L. (Bivalvia: Veneridae) u sjevernom Jadranu, Pula Age and growth of Venus verrucosa L. (Bivalvia: Veneridae) in the northern Adriatic, Pula
(73) Francesca Garaventa, Giuliano Greco, Christian Corrà, Sarah Fiorini, Marco Faimali...... 87 Imposex in Hexaplex trunculus as a biomarker for environmental contamination by TBT in Istrian coasts
(74) Maja Novosel, An|elko Novosel, Antonieta Po`ar-Domac, Miroslava Pasari}, Goran Oluji}...... 88 Utjecaj vrulja na rast vrste Pentapora fascialis u Velebitskom kanalu Impact of submarine freshwater springs (vruljas) on the growth of Pentapora fascialis in the Velebit Channel
(75) Du{an Zavodnik, Mirjana Legac...... 88 Prirodna obilje`ja Puntarske drage na otoku Krku (otok Krk, Jadransko more) Natural features of the Puntarska draga inlet (Krk island; Adriatic sea)
10 (76) Ivan Jardas, Perica Cetini}, Jakov Dul~i}, Miro Kraljevi}, Armin Pallaoro, Alen Soldo, Sanja Mati}-Skoko...... 89 Ribarstveno-biolo{ka istra`ivanja uz zapadnu obalu Istre 2002.-2004.: pregled rezultata Fisheries-biology investigations along west-Istrian coast during 2002-2004: results review
(77) Patrice Francour...... 90 New recordings of uncommon species of Gobiidae in the Mediterranean Sea
(78) Gorenka Sinov~i}, Barbara Zorica...... 90 Obnovljivi resursi sitne plave ribe u {irem rije~kom podru~ju Renewable resources of small pelagic fish species in the Rijeka area
(79) Sanja Mati}-Skoko, Miro Kraljevi}, Jakov Dul~i}...... 91 Godi{nje i sezonske razlike pojave nedoraslih sparida u plitkim uvalama rije~kog podru~ja Annual and seasonal diferences in occurence of juvenile sparids in shallow coves of Rijeka region, Adriatic coastal area
(80) Miro Kraljevi}, Sanja Mati}-Skoko, Jakov Dul~i}...... 91 Godi{nje promjene kvalitativno-kvantitativnog sastava zajednica nedoraslih riba u nekim plitkim uva- lama Kvarnera i Kvarneri}a Annual diferences in qualitative-quantitative composition of juvenile fishes in shallow coves of Kvar- ner and Kvarneri}
(81) Bo`e Kokan, Sanja Vrgo~...... 92 Prilog poznavanju biolo{kih i ekolo{kih obilje`ja kurdele, Cepola rubescens Linnaeus, 1766 (Pisces: Cepolidae), u Jadranskom moru Contribution to the knowledge of biology and ecology of the red bandfisdh, Cepola rubescens Lin- naeus, 1766 (Pisces: Cepolidae), in the Adriatic sea
(82) Iva Kova~i}, Hrvoje Gomer~i}, Tomislav Gomer~i}, Hrvoje Luci}...... 93 Ribe i glavono{ci u prehrani dobrog dupina (Tursiops truncatus, Montague 1821) u akvatoriju Istre i Kvarnera Fish and cephalopods in the diet of bottlenose dolphin (Tursiops truncatus, Montague 1821) in Istra and Kvarner waters
(83) Martina \uras Gomer~i}, Tomislav Gomer~i}, Hrvoje Luci}, Darinka [krti}, Snje`ana ]urkovi}, Snje`ana Vukovi}, Ana Galov, Hrvoje Gomer~i}...... 94 Glavati dupin (Grampus griseus) u rije~kom akvatoriju Risso’s dolphin (Grampus griseus) in the area of Rijeka
(84) Tomislav Gomer~i}, Martina \uras Gomer~i}, Hrvoje Luci}, Darinka [krti}, Snje`ana ]urkovi}, Snje`ana Vukovi}, Ana Galov, Hrvoje Gomer~i}...... 95 Mladun~e velikog sjevernog kita (Balaenoptera physalus) nasukano na otoku Prvi}u pokraj Krka Fin whale (Balaenoptera physalus) calf stranded on the island Prvi} near island Krk
(85) Hrvoje Gomer~i}, Martina \uras Gomer~i}, Tomislav Gomer~i}, \uro Huber, Vera Gomer~i}...... 96 Sredozemna medvjedica se ponovno pojavila u sjevernom Jadranu? Mediterranean monk seal in the Northern Adriatic Sea?
(86) Hrvoje Luci}, Snje`ana Vukovi}, Martina \uras Gomer~i}, Tomislav Gomer~i}, Snje`ana ]urkovi}, Darinka [krti} i Hrvoje Gomer~i}...... 96 Mikroskopska gra|a i aktivnost oksidativnih enzima u bubregu dobrog dupina (Tursiops truncatus) i plavobijelog dupina (Stenella coeruleoalba) iz sjevernog dijela Jadranskog mora Microscopical structure and activity of the oxidative enzymes in the kidney of the bottlenose dolphin (Tur- siops truncatus) and striped dolphin (Stenella coeruleoalba) from the north part of the Adriatic sea
(87) Nela Nikoli}, Ana Galov, Tomislav Gomer~i}, Martina \uras Gomer~i}, Hrvoje Gomer~i}...... 97 Kontrolna regija mitohondrijske DNA dobrih dupina (Tursiops truncatus) iz sjevernog Jadrana Mitochondrial DNA control region of bottlenose dolphins (Tursiops truncatus) from northern Adriatic Sea 11 (88) Sanja Klari}, ^edomil Lucu...... 99 In vitro u~inak arsena na Na,K-ATPazu u repnom mi{i}u {kampa Nephrops norvegicus L. In vitro effect of arsenic on Na,K-ATPase in tail muscle of Nephrops norvegicus L.
ULOGA PRIRODOSLOVNIH MUZEJA U PRIRODOSLOVNIM ISTRA@IVANJIMA...... 99 THE ROLE OF NATURAL HISTORY MUSEUMS IN NATURAL HISTORY RESEARCHES
(89) Mathias Harzhauser...... 99 Museum collections – fundamentals of biological sciences in a new millennium
(90) Ulrich Schliewen...... 99 From collections to research: Examples from a growing ichthyological collection
(91) Anna Klyukina, Vitaly Kontorshchikov, Gennady Kurilin...... 100 The Darwin museum and its role in the ecological education, protection and studying of the nature of the Moscow region
(92) Breda ^in~ Juhant...... 100 The role of research in Slovenian Museum of Natural History
(93) Milvana Arko-Pijevac...... 101 Uspje{nost obavljanja muzejske djelatnosti Prirodoslovnog muzeja Rijeka od 1964.g. do 2005.g. Successfulness in the performance of museum activities of the Natural History Museum Rijeka from 1964. to 2005.
(94) Mirjana Legac...... 102 Mnogolju{tura{i (Polyplacophora) i kopono{ci (Scaphopoda) u malakolo{koj zbirci Prirodoslovnog muzeja Rijeka Chitons (Polyplacophora) and Tusk Shells (Scaphopoda) in Malacological Collection of the Natural History Museum Rijeka
(95) Marin Kirin~i}...... 102 Dekapodna fauna zbirke rakova Prirodoslovnog muzeja u Rijeci Decapod fauna in the carcinological collection of the Natural History Museum Rijeka
(96) Marcelo Kova~i}...... 103 Ihtiolo{ka zbirka Prirodoslovnog muzeja Rijeka deset godina poslije: ve}a i bolja? Ichtiological Collection of the Natural History Museum Rijeka ten years later: bigger and better?
(97) Borut Kru`i}...... 104 Uloga dokumentacije prirodoslovnih muzeja u prirodoslovnim istra`ivanjima The role of the natural history museums documentation in natural history researches
(98) Iva Tomljenovi}, @eljka Modri}...... 105 Pedago{ki projekti Prirodoslovnog muzeja Rijeka od 2003. do 2006. godine Educational projects of the Natural History Museum Rijeka 2003. to 2006.
(99) Marija Crn~evi}, Pero Tutman, Dubravka Bojani}, Nik{a Glavi}, Nike Sudarevi}...... 105 Dubrova~ki prirodoslovni muzej u mre`i prirodoslovnih muzeja Hrvatske Natural History Museum of Dubrovnik in the Croatian Natural History Museums net
ZA[TITA PRIRODE I OKOLI[A...... 107 PROTECTION OF NATURE AND ENVIRONMENT
(100) Tom Turk, Kristina Sep~i}...... 107 Natural compounds from marine sponges, a possible replacement for toxic ingredients in antifouling coatings
12 (101) Ana Alebi}-Jureti}...... 107 U~inci one~i{}enja zraka na podru~ju grada Rijeke, 1980-2000 The effects of air pollution in the City of Rijeka (Croatia), 1980-2000
(102) Vi{nja [ojat, Gordana Hrabak-Tumpa, Dunja Borove~ki, Zlatica Gliha...... 108 Kisele ki{e i koli~ina oborine Acid rains and precipitation amount
(103) Itana Bokan, Nikolina Furlan, Nada Matkovi}...... 109 Analiza peluda u zraku na podru~ju grada Rijeke u 2005. godini Analysis of Airborne Pollen Concentrations in Rijeka in 2005
(104) Jasmina Obho|a{, Ante Kutle, Vladivoj Valkovi}...... 109 Otok Krk: geokemijski okoli{ i zdravlje ljudi Island of Krk: geochemical environment and human health
(105) @eljko Bradari}...... 110 Hidrografska i navigacijska obilje`ja podru~ja Primorsko-goranske `upanije te mogu}e vrste i inten- zitet djelovanja prirodnih i civilizacijskih nesre}a Hydrographic and navigational characteristics of the area of Primorsko-Goranska County and the impact of natural and civilizational disasters
(106) Snje`ana Mikul~i} Pavlakovi}, Marta Crnjakovi}, Borna Lu`ar-Oberiter, Ljubomir Babi}...... 111 Raznoliko porijeklo pla`a otoka sjevernog Jadrana - da li gospodarenje obalnom zonom zahtijeva posebne pristupe za pojedina~ne pla`e? The variable origin of beaches of north Adriatic islands - does Coastal Zone Management require a separate approach for individual beaches?
(107) Du{anka ]uzela-Bila}, Itana Bokan, Vanda Pi{kur...... 112 Kakvo}a mora na podru~ju Primorsko-goranske `upanije u 2005. godini Sanitary quality of the coastal sea water in the Primorsko-goranska county in 2005
(108) Damir Lackovi}...... 112 Predstavljanje i za{tita geolo{ke ba{tine – primjer Pou~ne geolo{ke staze Vela draga u Parku prirode U~ka Presentation and prevention of geological heritage – examples of Geological educational path Vela draga from the U~ka Nature park
(109) Gordana Pavokovi}...... 113 Prijetnje populaciji bjeloglavog supa (Gyps fulvus) na kvarnerskim otocima i mjere za{tite Threats to the Eurasian Griffon (Gyps fulvus) population on Kvarner islands and protection measu- res
(110) Irina @eger, Karla Fabrio, Irina Zupan...... 114 Za{ti}ena podru~ja Primorsko – goranske i Istarske `upanije Protected areas of Primorsko-goranska and Istarska counties
(111) Ivanka Avelini Holjevac, Dora Smol~i} Jurdana...... 115 Ekoturizam – za{tite prirode i okoli{a Ecotourism – preservation of nature and environmental protection
(112) Dario \er|a, @elimir Gr`an~i}...... 115 Primjena upravnih sredstava kao regulatornog mehanizma u za{titi prirode Application of administrative means as a nature protection regulatory mechanism
UPUTE AUTORIMA...... 117 INSTRUCTION TO AUTHORS...... 119
KAZALO AUTORA / AUTHOR INDEX...... 121
13 OP]E OBAVIJESTI
Sredi{te Skupa Rad znanstvenog skupa odvijat }e se u Grand hotelu Bonavia, Dolac 4, 51000 Rijeka, Hrvatska-Croatia Tel. +385 51 357 100, Fax +385 51 330 243, e-mail: bonavia≤bonavia.hr www.bonavia.hr
PROGRAM Ured Skupa nalazi se u predvorju Grand hotela Bonavia (prvi kat). Radit }e od srijede do petka, 14. 6. – 16. 6. 2006. godine, od 8 do 20 sati.
Materijali skupa bit }e uru~eni sudionicima u Uredu skupa nakon prijave i predo~enja preslike uplatnice kotizacije. Kotizacija se mo`e uplatiti (65 € za sudionike, 30 € za studente i 45 € za osobe u pratnji) u Uredu skupa. Mole se sudionici da tijekom odr`avanja Znanstvenog skupa nose oznaku skupa kako bi mogli sudjelovati u znanstvenom i dru{tvenom programu.
Priop}enja Za plenarna priop}enja predvi|eno je trajanje od 20 minuta, a za ostala usmena priop}enja 10 minuta. Usmena priop}enja odr`avaju se u kongresnoj dvorani Jozefina. Za usmena priop}enja osiguran je simultani prijevod.
Usmena priop}enja obavezno se predaju tehni~koj slu`bi Skupa 30 minuta prije po~etka rada tematske cjeline.
Posterska priop}enja se postavljaju u kongresnoj dvorani Karolina. Posteri se postavljaju prilikom dolaska sudionika, a skidaju zadnji dan odr`avanja Skupa.
Rasprave za usmena i posterska priop}enja predvi|ene su po zavr{etku svake tematske sjednice.
GENERAL INFORMATION
Symposium venue The Symposium will take place at the Grand Hotel Bonavia, Dolac 4, 51000 Rijeka, Hrvatska-Croatia Tel: +385 51 357 100, Fax:+385 51 330 243, e-mail: bonavia≤bonavia.hr, www.bonavia.hr,
Registration desk is located in the lobby of the Grand Hotel Bonavia (first floor). Working hours are from Wednesday to Friday, 14- 16 June, 2006, from 8:00 a.m. to 8:00 p.m.
Congress materials will be given to the participants at the registration desk. Participants are requested to show a copy of payment of the registration fee.The registration fee can be paid (65 € for participants, 30 € for students and 45 € accompanying persons) on the spot. Participants are kindly requested to wear their Symposium badge throughout the Symposium in order to bi admitted to the scientific sessions and all social events.
Reports Plenary reports are expected to last 20 minutes, verbal reports are expected to last 10 minutes. Verbal reports will be presented in the Jozefina congress hall and will be simultaneously translated.
Verbal reports have to be submitted to the Technical Support Office 30 minutes before the theme commences.
Poster reports will be set up in the Karolina congress hall. They are to be set up upon the participants’ arrival and taken off on the last day of the Symposium.
Discussions upon verbal and poster reports will be initiated after each theme has been completed in the Jozefina congress hall.
14 DRU[TVENI PROGRAM
Kotizacija uklju~uje sva dru{tvena doga|anja
Srijeda, 14. lipnja 2006. g.
11:00-12:00 Sve~ano otvaranje Skupa, Grand hotel Bonavia, Dolac 4, kongresna dvorana Jozefina Koktel PROGRAM
15:00-18:00 Program skupa Tema: Povijest prirodoslovnih istra`ivanja rije~kog podru~ja
18:00-19:00 Upoznavanje znamenitosti Rijeke uz stru~no vodstvo
19:00-21:00 Posjet Vili Ru`i} i koktel
^etvrtak, 15. lipnja 2006. g.
9:00-13:00 Program skupa Teme: Meteorologija, Fizi~ka oceanografija, Seizmologija, Kemija tla, Kemija voda, Kemija atmosfere
15:00-19:00 Program skupa Teme: Geologija, Paleontologija, Mineralogija, Geografija
20:00-21:00 Otvaranje izlo`be fotografijaGorje i priobalje Primorsko-goranske `upanije, Botani~ki vrt Prirodoslovnog muzeja Rijeka
20:00-22:00 Olympus podvodna fotografija – predstavljanje ponude digitalnih fotoaparata i podvodnih ku}i{ta, Akvarij Prirodoslovnog muzeja Rijeka
21:00-24:00 Rije~ke ljetne no}i u Prirodoslovnom muzeju Rijeka, koncert ambijentalne pop-rock glazbe sastava Atmospheric, Botani~ki vrt Prirodoslovnog muzeja Rijeka
Petak, 16. lipnja 2006. g.
9:00-19:00 Olympus mikroskopi – touch and try najnovijih Olympus mikroskopskih rje{enja, posebno usmjerenih istra`ivanju i efikasnim ostvarenjima, kongresna dvoranaKarolina , Grand hotel Bonavia
9:00-13:00 Program skupa Teme: Biologija kopna, Biologija mora
15:00-19:00 Program skupa Teme: Uloga prirodoslovnih muzeja u prirodoslovnim istra`ivanjima, Za{tita prirode i okoli{a
19:00-20:00 Okrugli stol Tema: Za{tita prirode i okoli{a Primorsko-goranske `upanije
21:30-24:00 Sve~ana ve~era, Restoran Grand hotela Bonavia
Subota, 17. lipnja 2006. g.
9:00-18:00 Stru~ni cjelodnevni izlet, ru~ak
15 SOCIAL PROGRAMME
Registration fees include all social events
Wednesday, June 14, 2006
11:00-12:00 Opening cermony Grand Hotel Bonavia, Jozefina congress hall PROGRAM Cocktail party
15:00-18:00 Symposium programme Topic: Historical Overview of Natural History Researches
18:00-19:00 Sightseeing tour of Rijeka with an official tour guide
19:00-21:00 Visit to the Villa Ru`i} and cocktail reception
Thursday, June 15, 2006
09:00-13:00 Symposium programme Topics Meteorology, Physical Oceanography, Seismology, Chemistry of Atmosphere, Chemistry of Waters, Chemistry of Soil
15:00-19:00 Symposium programme Topics: Geology, Paleontology, Mineralogy, Geography
20:00-21:00 Opening of the photo exibition «Mountains and Shores of the Primorsko-goranska County, Botanical garden of the Natural History Museum Rijeka
20:00-22:00 Olympus underwater photography - introduction of Olympus underwater cases and digital camera solutions, Aquarium of the Natural History Museum Rijeka
21:00-24:00 Rijeka’s Summer Nights in the Natural History Museum Rijeka, concert of the ambient pop-rock band Atmospheric, Botanical garden of the Natural History Museum Rijeka
Friday, June 16, 2006
09:00-19:00 Olympus microscopy – touch and try Olympus latest solutions in microscopy, specially designed for routine research and aimed to more efficient results, Congress hall,Karolina , Grand Hotel Bonavia
09:00-13:00 Symposium programme Topics: Terrestrial Biology, Marine Biology
15:00-19:00 Symposium programme Topics: Protection of Nature and Environment, The Role of Natural History Museums in Natural History Researches
20:00- 21:00 Round table – Protection of the Nature and Environment of Primorsko-Goranska County
21:00-24:00 Gala Dinner, Restaurant of the Grand Hotel Bonavia
Saturday, June 17, 2006
09:00-18:00 Professional excursion with dinner
16 PROGRAM SAVJETOVANJA / SYMPOSIUM PROGRAMME
Grand Hotel Bonavia, Kongresna dvorana / Congress hall, Jozefina Srijeda 14. 6. 2006. g. / Wednesday, June 14, 2006
Broj iza naslova priop}enja odnosi se na broj priop}enja u knjizi sa`etaka The number following the presentation title refers to the number of presentations in the Book of Abstracts. PROGRAM
POVIJEST PRIRODOSLOVNIH ISTRA@IVANJA HISTORICAL OVERVIEW OF NATURAL HISTORY RESEARCHES
Predsjedavatelji / Chairpersons: Rajko Pavlovec, Ivo Trinajsti}
Plenarno predavanje / Plenary lecture
15:00 Ana Alebi}-Jureti} O prvim analizama vode iz izvora Zvir On the first analyses of water from the spring Zvir (1)
Usmena izlaganja / Oral presentations
15:20 Koraljka Klepa~, Rajko Pavlovec Stache i Istra Stache and Istria (2)
15:30 Ivo Trinajsti}, Zinka Pavleti} Povijest istra`ivanja istarske flore History of Istrian flora research(3)
15:40 Slavko Brana J. H. Zannichelli (1662-1729) i prva floristi~ka istra`ivnja U~ke J. H. Zannichelli (1662-1729) and the early floristic explorations of U~ka mountain(4)
15:50 Nediljko @evrnja, Dalibor Vladovi}, Dina Tomasovi} Iz herbara C. Studniczke From the herbarium of C. Studniczke (5)
16:00 Theodor de Canziani Jak{i} Vegetabilna i animalisti~ka ornamentacija Rije~ke ribarnice Vegetative and zoomorphic architectural ornametary of Rijeka’s Fish market (7)
Posterska priop}enja / Poster presentations Grand Hotel Bonavia, Kongresna dvorana / Congress hall, Karolina
Maja Novosel, Antonieta Po`ar-Domac Povijest istra`ivanja faune mahovnjaka (Bryozoa) {ireg rije~kog podru~ja History of research of bryozoan fauna in the wider Rijeka area (6)
16:30 Pauza za kavu / Coffee break 17:00 Rasprava / Discussion
18:00-19:00 Upoznavanje znamenitosti Rijeke uz stru~no vodstvo Sightseeing tour of Rijeka with an official tour guide 19:00-21:00 Posjet Vili Ru`i} i koktel / Visit to the Villa Ru`i} and cocktail reception
17 Grand Hotel Bonavia, Kongresna dvorana / Congress hall, Jozefina ^etvrtak, 15. 6. 2006. g. / Thursday, June 15, 2006
POLJE GEOFIZIKE (TEME: METEOROLOGIJA, HIDROGRAFIJA, FIZI^KA OCEANOGRAFIJA, SEIZMOLOGIJA) FIELD OF GEOPHYSICS (TOPICS: METEOROLOGY, HIDROGRAPHY, PHYSICAL OCEANOGRAPHY, SEISMOLOGY) PROGRAM
Predsjedavatelji / Chairpersons: Marjana Gaji}-^apka, Zvonko Gr`eti}
Plenarno predavanje / Plenary lecture
9:00 Mirko Orli} Operativna oceanografija u Hrvatskoj? Operational oceanography in Croatia? (8)
Usmena izlaganja / Oral presentations
9:20 Melita Per~ec Tadi}, Marjana Gaji}-^apka, Ksenija Zaninovi}, Mirta Patar~i}, Lidija Srnec Digitalne karte odabranih klimatskih elemenata s naglaskom na podru~je Primorsko-goranske `upanije Digital maps of the selected climatic parameters with emphasis to the Primorsko-goranska county (9)
9:30 Gordana Hrabak-Tumpa, Stjepan Ivatek-[ahdan Re`im vjetra na podru~ju rije~kog bazena The wind regime on wide area of Rijeka bay (10)
9:40 Alica Baji} Bura na rije~kom podru~ju Bora wind in the Rijeka Region (11)
9:50 Mirko Orli}, Danijel Belu{i}, Zoran Pasari} Prva mjerenja bure trokomponentnim anemometrom First measurements of the bora wind with a three-axis anemometer (12)
10:00 Mirko Orli}, Miroslava Pasari}, Zoran Pasari} Usporedna mjerenja mehani~kim i radarskim mareografom u Bakru Parallel measurements with the mechanical and radar tide gauges at Bakar (18)
10:10 Nastjenjka Supi}, Mirko Orli} Vi{egodi{nje promjene dinamike sjevernog Jadrana Long-term changes of the northern Adriatic dynamics (19)
10:20 Nenad Domijan, Hrvoje Mihanovi}, Nenad Leder, Zvonko Gr`eti} Harmoni~ka i spektralna analiza morskih struja u sjevernom dijelu Rije~kog zaljeva Harmonic and spectral analysis of current measurements in the northern part of the Rijeka bay (20)
18 Posterska priop}enja / Poster presentations Grand Hotel Bonavia, Kongresna dvorana / Congress hall, Karolina
Marina Mileta Ekstremne godi{nje i ljetne temperaturne zraka na rije~kom podru~ju Extreme annual and summer air temperatures conditions over area of Rijeka (13)
Lidija Cvitan PROGRAM Trendovi temperaturnih parametara primijenjenih u procjeni energije potrebne za grijanje u Crikvenici Trends in temperature parameters used for recent heating energy assessment in Crikvenica (14)
Mirta Patar~i}, Ksenija Zaninovi} Prostorna raspodjela srednjeg godi{njeg broja dana s padanjem snijega na {irem rije~kom podru~ju Spatial distribution of the mean annual number of snowfall days in the Rijeka region (15)
Dubravka Rasol, Kornelija [poler ^ani} Meteorolo{ka mjerenja u Snije`nici u Gorskom kotaru Meteorological measurements in a Snow pit in the Gorski Kotar Region (16)
Amela Jeri~evi}, Kornelija [poler ^ani} Prognoza akcidenata one~i{}enja na rije~kom podru~ju pomo}u parametara stabilnosti Pollution episodes prediction based on stability parameters in the Rijeka area (17)
Davorka Herak, Marijan Herak Potresi u Istri i okolici Earthquakes in Istria and surroundings (21)
11:00 Pauza za kavu / Coffee break 11:30 Rasprava / Discussion
POLJE KEMIJE (TEME: KEMIJA ATMOSFERE, KEMIJA VODA, KEMIJA TLA) FIELD OF CHEMISTRY (TOPICS: CHEMISTRY OF ATMOSPHERE, CHEMISTRY OF WATERS, CHEMISTRY OF SOIL)
Predsjedavatelji / Chairpersons: Ana Alebi}-Jureti}, Leo Klasinc
Plenarno predavanje / Plenary lecture
12:00 Leo Klasinc Atmosfera i mi Atmosphere and we (22)
Usmena izlaganja / Oral presentations
12:20 Neven Cukrov, Dario Omanovi}, @eljko Kwokal Tragovi metala u morskoj vodi Luke Rijeka Trace metals in seawater of Port of Rijeka (24)
12:30 Vladivoj Valkovi}, Jasmina Obho|a{, Mladen ^rnjar One~i{}enje sedimenata priobalnog mora te{kim metalima iz protuobra{tajnih (antifouling) boja u Kvarnerskom zaljevu Coastal sea sediment contamination by heavy metals from antifouling paints in Kvarner Bay (25)
19 12:40 Vanda Pi{kur Utjecaj policikli~kih aromatskih ugljikovodika na toksi~nost morske vode, sedimenta i dagnji Mytilus galloprovincialis Lam. Rije~kog zaljeva The influence of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons to the toxicity of sea water, sediments and mussels Mytilus galloprovincialis lam. of Rijeka Bay (30)
Posterska priop}enja / Poster presentations
PROGRAM Grand Hotel Bonavia, Kongresna dvorana / Congress hall, Karolina
Jelena Markovi}, @eljka Maji}, Tajana Preo~anin, Davor Kova~evi}, Nikola Kallay Adsorpcija organskih kiselina na kovinske okside Adsorption of small organic acid molecules on hematite (23)
Marijana Cukrov, Branko Jal`i}, Dario Omanovi}, Neven Cukrov Tragovi metala u vodenom stupcu Urinjske {pilje Trace metal in water column of Urinj cave (26)
Ana Alebi} Jureti} Epizoda “`ute ki{e” 12. travnja 2002. na podru~ju Primorsko-goranske `upanije “Yellow rain” episode on april 12th 2002 in the Coastal-Montaneous County area (27)
Branka Me|ugorac, Du{anka ]uzela-Bila}, Mirjana Kra{ Sadr`aj olova, kadmija, arsena i `ive u morskim organizmima i morskim sedimentima Kvarner- skog zaljeva The contents of lead, cadmium, arsenic and mercury in marine organisms and marine sedi- ments in Kvarner Bay (28)
Ana Alebi} Jureti} Policikli~ki aromatski ugljikovodici u morskom sedimentu Rije~kog zaljeva Polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons in marine sediment from the Rijeka Bay (29)
12:50 Rasprava / Discussion 13:30 Pauza za ru~ak / Lunch break
POLJE GEOLOGIJE (TEME: GEOLOGIJA, PALEONTOLOGIJA,MINERALOGIJA) FIELD OF GEOLOGY (TOPICS: GEOLOGY, PALEONTOLOGY, MINERALOGY)
Predsjedavatelji / Chairpersons: ^edomir Benac, Darko Tiblja{
Plenarna predavanja / Plenary lecture
15:00 Mladen Jura~i} Obale i morsko dno sjevernog Jadrana Coasts and the sea floor of the northern Adriatic(31)
15:20 Francisco José Poyato-Ariza Relevance of Croatian Cretaceous fishes(38)
Usmena izlaganja / Oral presentations
15:40 Slobodan Miko, Sa{a Mesi}, Martina [parica Miko, Esad Prohi} Te{ki metali i elementi u tragovima u tlima i jezerskim sedimentima podru~ja Kvarnera i Gor- skog kotara Heavy metals and trace elements in soils and sediments of the Kvarner and Gorski kotar region (32)
20 15:50 Vi{nja @igi}, Kristina Pikelj, Mladen Jura~i} Grgurov kanal – porijeklo sedimenata i povr{inska sedimentolo{ka karta Grgur channel – origin of sediments and surface sediment map (35)
Posterska priop}enja / poster presentations Grand Hotel Bonavia, Kongresna dvorana / Congress hall, Karolina PROGRAM Dragan Bukovec, Slobodan Miko, Vlado Ku{an, Oleg Antoni}, Zoran Peh, Sa{a Mesi}, Renata Pernar, Martina [parica Miko Procjena rizika zakiseljavanja atmosferskim putem u Primorsko–goranskoj `upaniji na temelju geokemijskog kartiranja Evaluation of acidification risk in the Primorsko-goranska county based on geochemical map- ping (33)
Stanislav Fran~i{kovi}-Bilinski, Mladen Jura~i}, Darko Tiblja{ Sedimenti Rje~ine (Hrvatska) od kaptiranog izvora do zaga|ene prodelte Rje~ina river sediments (Croatia) from captured spring to polluted prodelta (34)
Ranko Crmari}, Krunoslav [karo, Mladen Jura~i} Sedimenti podmorja i morfogeneza prostora izme|u otoka Cresa i otoka Krka Sea-bottom sediments and morphogenesis of the area of Cres and Krk islands (36)
^edomir Benac, Igor Ru`i}, Elvis @ic Ranjivost prirodnih `ala na podru~ju Kvarnera The vulnerability of natural beaches in Kvarner area (37)
Koraljka Klepa~, Francisco José Poyato-Ariza The first complete pycnodontiform fish specimen from Istria, Croatia(39)
Boris Luk{i}, @eljko Dedi}, @eljko Kastmüller Mineralne sirovine Primorsko-goranske `upanije Mineral resources of the Primorsko-goranska county (40)
Darko Tiblja{, Zavi{a [imac, Dragan Matijevi}, Mladen Jura~i}, Delko Bari{i} Mineralo{ke i geokemijske karakteristike podmorskih sedimenata s trase opti~kog kabla Adria i profila Pula – Ravena Mineralogical and geochemical characteristics of sea-bed sediments along the route of Opti- cal Cable Adria and the profile Pula – Ravenna(41)
Biserka Radanovi}-Gu`vica Morfolo{ke i kristalografske zna~ajke barita iz Mrzle Vodice u Gorskom kotaru Morphological and crystallographical features of barite from Mrzla Vodica, Gorski kotar re- gion (42)
16:00 Pauza za kavu / Coffee break 16:20 Rasprava / Discussion
POLJE GEOGRAFIJE (TEMA: GEOGRAFIJA) FIELD OF GEOGRAPHY (TOPIC: GEOGRAPHY)
Predsjedavatelji / Chairpersons: Andrija Bognar, Sanja Faivre
Plenarno predavanje / Plenary lecture
17:00 Andrija Bognar Geomorfolo{ke zna~ajke, nastanak i razvoj doline Pazin~ice Geomorphological Features, Origin and Developmentof the Pazin~ica River Valley (43) 21 Usmena izlaganja / Oral presentations
17:20 Tea Duplan~i}- Leder, Nenad Leder Informacijski sustav elektroni~kih navigacijskih karata u Republici Hrvatskoj Electronic Navigational Charts Information System in the Republic of Croatia (45)
17:30 Anita Filip~i}
PROGRAM Neka opa`anja o ~estini bure na Kvarneru Some Observations on Bora Frequency in the Kvarner Region (46)
17:40 Mladen Maradin Utjecaj odabranih klimatskih elemenata na razvoj turizma Senja The influence of selected climatic elements on touristic developement of Senj (47)
Posterska priop}enja / Poster presentations Grand Hotel Bonavia, Kongresna dvorana / Congress hall, Karolina
Mladen Pahernik Geomorfolo{ka baza podataka Gorskog kotara Geomorphologic database of Gorski kotar (44)
Sanja Faivre, Eric Fouache, Eduard Prelogovi} Relativna promjena morske razine du` Hrvatske obale u posljednjih 2000 godina u korelaciji s recentnim tektonskim pokretima Relative sea level change along the Croatian shoreline in the last 2000 years in correlation with recent tectonic movements (48)
17:50 Pauza za kavu / Coffee break 18:00 Rasprava / Discussion
20:00-22:00 Olympus podvodna fotografija – predstavljanje ponude digitalnih fotoaparata i podvodnih ku}i{ta, akvarij Prirodoslovnog muzeja Rijeka Olympus underwater photography - introduction of Olympus underwater case and digital camera solutions, Aquarium of the Natural History Museum Rijeka
20:00-21:00 Otvaranje izlo`be fotografija Gorje i priobalje Primorsko-goranske `upanije, vrt Prirodoslovnog muzeja Rijeka Opening of the photo exibition «Mountains and Shores of the Primorsko-goranska County, Botanical garden of the Natural History Museum Rijeka
21:00-24:00 Rije~ke ljetne no}i u Prirodoslovnom muzeju Rijeka, koncert ambijentalne pop-rock glazbe sastava Atmospheric, vrt Prirodoslovnog muzeja Rijeka Rijeka’s Summer Nights in the Natural History Museum Rijeka, concert of the ambient pop-rock band Atmospheric, Botanical garden of the Natural History Museum Rijeka
22 Grand Hotel Bonavia, Kongresna dvorana / Congress hall, Jozefina Petak, 16. 6. 2006. g. / Friday June 16, 2006
FIELD OF BIOLOGY (TOPICS: TERRESTRIAL BIOLOGY, MARINE BIOLOGY)
Predsjedavatelji / Chairpersons: Mladen Kerovec, Milorad Mrakov~i}
Plenarno predavanje / Plenary lecture PROGRAM
9:00 Bo{tjan Surina Liburnian karst: a (bio)geographical entity? Liburnijski kr{: (bio)geografska cjelina? (49)
Usmena izlaganja / Oral presentations
9:20 Ivo Trinajsti} Kr~ki refugij mezofilne {umske vegetacije Krk refuge of the mesophilous forest vegetation (50)
9:30 Bo{tjan Surina, @eljka Modri} Vegetacija snije`nih to~ila i blokova (Arabidetalia caerulaeae) Liburnijskog kr{a (SZ Dinaridi) Snow-bed vegetation (Arabidetalia caerulaeae) in the Liburnian karst (NW Dinaric Mts) (51)
9:40 Slavko Brana, Minka Brana Rasprostranjenost nekih rijetkih i ugro`enih svojti vaskularne flore Istre i Kvarnera Distribution of some rare, endemic and threatened species of Istria and Kvarner’s vascular flora (52)
9:50 @eljko [panjol, Damir Bar~i}, Roman Rosavec Meliorativna uloga borovih kultura na predjelu Kamenjak – otok Rab Ameliorative role of pine cultures in the area of Kamenjak – the island of Rab (54)
10:00 Zvonimir Pelcer Od vegetacijsko-ekolo{ke do ekolo{ko-gospodarske klasifikacije {uma i {umskih stani{ta Hr- vatske From vegetational-ecological to ecological – economical classification of forests and forrest habitats of Croatia (55)
10:10 Maja Grade~ki, Karmelo Po{tenjak, Ivan Malnar Struktura broja stabala -od ponika do mladika- ekolo{ko-gospodarskih tipova {uma u Nacio- nalnom parku “Risnjak“ Structure of the Number of Trees (from saplings to young plants) in Ecological-Management Types of the “Risnjak” National Park (56)
10:20 Zlatko Mihaljevi}, Mladen Kerovec, Ivan~ica Ternjej, Du{ka [a{a Makrozoobentos akumulacijskih jezera HE Vinodol Macrozoobenthos of hydroelectric power plant Vinodol reservoirs (59)
10:30 Milorad Mrakov~i}, Marko ]aleta, Perica Mustafi}, Zoran Mar~i}, Davor Zanella, Ivana Buj Zna~ajke slatkovodnih vrsta riba istarskog poluotoka Characteristics of freshwater fish species in the Istrian peninsula(61)
10:40 Zoran Mar~i}, Perica Mustafi}, Davor Zanella, Marko ]aleta, Ivana Buj, Milorad Mrakov~i} Promjene i struktura ihtiofaune akumulacija Bajer i Lokve tijekom 50 godina Changes and structure of ichthyofauna during the 50 years of existence of the hydro accumu- lation Bajer and Lokva (62)
23 11:50 Perica Mustafi}, Milorad Mrakov~i}, Bojana Hajduk-^erneha, Davor Zanella, Marko ]aleta, Ivana Buj, Andreja Brigi}, Zoran Mar~i} Promjene u sastavu ihtiofaune akumulacije Butoniga zabilje`ene tijekom dugotrajnih proma- tranja Long-term changes to ichthyofauna composition of Butoniga reservoir (63)
11:00 Pauza za kavu / Coffee break PROGRAM Predsjedavatelji / Chairpersons: Antonieta Po`ar-Domac, Damir Vili~i}
12:00 Claudio Battelli Doprinos poznavanju zajednice crvene alge Catenella caespitosa (Withering) L.M. Irvine (Gi- gartinales, Rhodophyceae) slovenske obale, sjeverni Jadran Contribution to the knowledge of the Catenella caespitosa (Withering) L.M. Irvine (Gigartina- les, Rhodophyceae) community of the Slovenian coast, northern Adriatic Sea (67)
12:10 Maja Novosel, An|elko Novosel, Antonieta Po`ar-Domac, Miroslava Pasari}, Goran Oluji} Utjecaj vrulja na rast vrste Pentapora fascialis u Velebitskom kanalu Impact of submarine freshwater springs (vruljas) on the growth of Pentapora fascialis in the Velebit Channel (74)
12:20 Du{an Zavodnik, Mirjana Legac Prirodna obilje`ja Puntarske drage na otoku Krku (otok Krk, Jadransko more) Natural features of the Puntarska draga inlet (Krk island; Adriatic sea) (75)
12:30 Ivan Jardas, Perica Cetini}, Jakov Dul~i}, Miro Kraljevi}, Armin Pallaoro, Alen Soldo, Sanja Mati}-Skoko Ribarstveno-biolo{ka istra`ivanja uz zapadnu obalu Istre 2002.-2004.: pregled rezultata Fisheries-biology investigations along west-Istrian coast during 2002-2004: results review (76)
12:40 Patrice Francour New recordings of uncommon species of Gobiidae in the Mediterranean Sea (77)
12:50 Martina \uras Gomer~i}, Tomislav Gomer~i}, Hrvoje Luci}, Darinka [krti}, Snje`ana ]urkovi}, Snje`ana Vukovi}, Ana Galov, Hrvoje Gomer~i} Glavati dupin (Grampus griseus) u rije~kom akvatoriju Risso’s dolphin (Grampus griseus) in the area of Rijeka (83)
13:00 Tomislav Gomer~i}, Martina \uras Gomer~i}, Hrvoje Luci}, Darinka [krti}, Snje`ana ]urkovi}, Snje`ana Vukovi}, Ana Galov, Hrvoje Gomer~i} Mladun~e velikog sjevernog kita (Balaenoptera physalus) nasukano na otoku Prvi}u pokraj Krka Fin whale (Balaenoptera physalus) calf stranded on the island Prvi} near island Krk (84)
Posterska priop}enja / Poster presentations Grand Hotel Bonavia, Kongresna dvorana / Congress hall, Karolina
Olympus mikroskopi – touch and try najnovijih Olympus mikroskopskih rje{enja, posebno usmjerenih istra`ivanju i efikasnim ostvarenjima Olympus microscopy – touch and try Olympus latest solutions in microscopy, specially designed for routine research and aimed to more efficient results
Suzana Buzjak, Mirjana Vrbek Floristi~ke i ekolo{ke zna~ajke dvaju speleolo{kih objekata na otoku Krku Floristic and ecolo- gical characteristics of two speleological features on the island of Krk (53)
24 Slavko Polak Sjeverni dio otoka Cresa – Tramuntana, kao podru~je od me|unarodnog zna~aja za o~uvanje nekih vrsta kornja{a (Coleoptera) Northern region of the Cres island - Tramuntana, as the area of international importance for the protection of some beetle species (Coloptera) (57)
Irena Grbac, Eduard Klete~ki, Marin Grgurev
Novi nalazi crnog da`devnjaka, Salamandra atra Laurenti 1768 (SALAMANDRIDAE, AMPHI- PROGRAM BIA) u Hrvatskoj New findings of the Alpine Salamander, Salamandra atra Laurenti 1768 (SALAMANDRIDAE, AMPHIBIA) in Croatia (58)
Ivana Maguire, Sanja Gottstein Mato~ec, Göran Klobu~ar, Radovan Erben, Mladen Kerovec Rasprostanjenost slatkovodnih rakova reda Decapoda na podru~ju Istre, Kvarnera i Gorskog kotara – pro{lost i sada{njost Distribution of freshwater decapods in Istria, Kvarner and Gorski kotar – past and present (60)
Goran Gu`vica, Tomislav Gomer~i}, Lidija [ver, \uro Huber Primjena foto zamki u pra}enju kretanja divljih `ivotinja u Gorskom kotaru Photo traps as a method of wild animal movements monitoring in Gorski kotar region (64)
Karmelo Po{tenjak, Boris Mulc, Maja Grade~ki Utjecaj dru{tvenogospodarskih promjena na srne}u divlja~ u {umariji Skrad Influence of Socio-Economic Changes on Roe-deer Game in the “Skrad” Forest Office (65)
Damir Vili~i}, Ingrid Ivan~i}, Goran [afarek Sezonska raspodjela i ekolo{ki zna~aj kriptofita (nanoflagelata) u Rije~kom zaljevu i u Vinodol- skom kanalu Seasonal distribution and ecological characteristics of cryptophytes (nanoflagellates) in the Rijeka Bay and Vinodol Channel (66)
Sandra Deak, Du{an Zavodnik, Vlasta ]osovi}, Alan Moro Koliko je foraminiferskih vrsta u hrvatskom dijelu Jadranskog mora? How many foraminifera live in the Croatian coastal area of the Adriatic Sea? (68)
Adriana Bor~i}, Martina Hervat, Danijela Bogner Foraminiferske zajednice recentnih sedimenata jugozapadne Istre Foraminiferal distribution in recent sediment from southwest part of Istria (69)
Martina Mei}, Vlasta ]osovi}, Mladen Jura~i}, Kristina Pikelj, Antonieta Po`ar-Do- mac Recentna foraminiferska zajednica iz Velikog jezera (Mljet, Jadransko more) Recent Foraminiferal Assamblage from Veliko Jezero (Mljet Island, Adriatic Sea (70)
Petar Kru`i}, Antonieta Po`ar-Domac Kameni koralji u podmorju Kvarnera Records of Scleractinian corals in Kvarner Region (71)
Martina Hervat, Lovorka Kekez, Melita Peharda, Zvjezdana Popovi}, Nika Stagli~i}, Nedo Vrgo~ Starost i rast prnjavice Venus verrucosa L. (Bivalvia: Veneridae) u sjevernom Jadranu, Pula Age and growth of Venus verrucosa L. (Bivalvia: Veneridae) in the northern Adriatic, Pula (72)
Francesca Garaventa, Giuliano Greco, Christian Corrà, Sarah Fiorini, Marco Faimali Imposex in Hexaplex trunculus as a biomarker for environmental contamination by TBT in Istrian coasts (73) 25 Gorenka Sinov~i}, Barbara Zorica Obnovljivi resursi sitne plave ribe u {irem rije~kom podru~ju Renewable resources of small pelagic fish species in the Rijeka area(78)
Sanja Mati}-Skoko, Miro Kraljevi}, Jakov Dul~i} Godi{nje i sezonske razlike pojave nedoraslih sparida u plitkim uvalama rije~kog podru~ja Annual and seasonal diferences in occurence of juvenile sparids in shallow coves of Rijeka
PROGRAM region, Adriatic coastal area (79)
Miro Kraljevi}, Sanja Mati}-Skoko, Jakov Dul~i} Godi{nje promjene kvalitativno-kvantitativnog sastava zajednica nedoraslih riba u nekim pli- tkim uvalama Kvarnera i Kvarneri}a Annual diferences in qualitative-quantitative composition of juvenile fishes in shallow coves of Kvarner and Kvarneri} (80)
Bo`e Kokan, Sanja Vrgo~ Prilog poznavanju biolo{kih i ekolo{kih obilje`ja kurdele, Cepola rubescens Linnaeus, 1766 (Pisces: Cepolidae), u Jadranskom moru Contribution to the knowledge of biology and ecology of the red bandfisdh, Cepola rubescens Linnaeus, 1766 (Pisces: Cepolidae), in the Adriatic sea (81)
Iva Kova~i}, Hrvoje Gomer~i}, Tomislav Gomer~i}, Hrvoje Luci} Ribe i glavono{ci u prehrani dobrog dupina (Tursiops truncatus, Montague 1821) u akvatoriju Istre i Kvarnera Fish and cephalopods in the diet of bottlenose dolphin (Tursiops truncatus, Montague 1821) in Istra and Kvarner waters (82)
Hrvoje Gomer~i}, Martina \uras Gomer~i}, Tomislav Gomer~i}, \uro Huber, Vera Gomer~i} Sredozemna medvjedica se ponovno pojavila u sjevernom Jadranu? Mediterranean monk seal in the Northern Adriatic Sea? (85)
Hrvoje Luci}, Snje`ana Vukovi}, Martina \uras Gomer~i}, Tomislav Gomer~i}, Snje`ana ]urkovi}, Darinka [krti} i Hrvoje Gomer~i} Mikroskopska gra|a i aktivnost oksidativnih enzima u bubregu dobrog dupina (Tursiops trun- catus) i plavobijelog dupina (Stenella coeruleoalba) iz sjevernog dijela Jadranskog mora Microscopical structure and activity of the oxidative enzymes in the kidney of the bottlenose dolphin (Tursiops truncatus) and striped dolphin (Stenella coeruleoalba) from the north part of the Adriatic sea (86)
Nela Nikoli}, Ana Galov, Tomislav Gomer~i}, Martina \uras Gomer~i}, Hrvoje Gomer~i} Kontrolna regija mitohondrijske DNA dobrih dupina (Tursiops truncatus) iz sjevernog Jadrana Mitochondrial DNA control region of bottlenose dolphins (Tursiops truncatus) from northern Adriatic Sea (87)
Sanja Klari}, ^edomil Lucu In vitro u~inak arsena na Na,K-ATPazu u repnom mi{i}u {kampa Nephrops norvegicus L. In vitro effect of arsenic on Na,K-ATPase in tail muscle of Nephrops norvegicus L. (88)
13:10 Rasprava / Discussion 14:00 Pauza za ru~ak / Lunch break
26 ULOGA PRIRODOSLOVNIH MUZEJA U PRIRODOSLOVNIM ISTRA@IVANJIMA THE ROLE OF NATURAL HISTORY MUSEUMS IN NATURAL HISTORY RESEARCHES
Predsjedavatelji / Chairpersons: Breda ^in~-Juhant, Marcelo Kova~i}
Plenarna predavanja / Plenary lectures
15:00 Mathias Harzhauser PROGRAM Museum collections – fundamentals of biological sciences in a new millennium (89)
15:20 Ulrich Schliewen From collections to research: Examples from a growing ichthyological collection (90)
Usmena izlaganja / Oral presentations
15:40 Anna Klyukina, Vitaly Kontorshchikov, Gennady Kurilin The Darwin museum and its role in the ecological education, protection and studying of the nature of the Moscow region (91)
15:50 Breda ^in~ Juhant The role of research in Slovenian Museum of Natural History (92)
16:00 Mirjana Legac Mnogolju{tura{i (Polyplacophora) i kopono{ci (Scaphopoda) u malakolo{koj zbirci Prirodo- slovnog muzeja Rijeka Chitons (Polyplacophora) and Tusk Shells (Scaphopoda) in Malacological Collection of the Natural History Museum Rijeka (94)
Posterska priop}enja / Poster presentations Grand Hotel Bonavia, Kongresna dvorana/Congress hall, Karolina
Milvana Arko-Pijevac Uspje{nost obavljanja muzejske djelatnosti Prirodoslovnog muzeja Rijeka od 1964.g. do 2005. g. Successfulness in the performance of museum activities of the Natural History Museum Rijeka from 1964. to 2005. (93)
Marin Kirin~i} Dekapodna fauna zbirke rakova Prirodoslovnog muzeja u Rijeci Decapod fauna in the carcinological collection of the Natural History Museum Rijeka (95)
Marcelo Kova~i} Ihtiolo{ka zbirka Prirodoslovnog muzeja Rijeka deset godina poslije: ve}a i bolja? Ichtiological Collection of the Natural History Museum Rijeka ten years later: bigger and bet- ter? (96)
Borut Kru`i} Uloga dokumentacije prirodoslovnih muzeja u prirodoslovnim istra`ivanjima The role of the natural history museums documentation in natural history researches (97)
Iva Tomljenovi}, @eljka Modri} Pedago{ki projekti Prirodoslovnog muzeja Rijeka od 2003. do 2006. godine Educational projects of the Natural History Museum Rijeka 2003. to 2006. (98)
Marija Crn~evi}, Pero Tutman, Dubravka Bojani}, Nik{a Glavi}, Nike Sudarevi} Dubrova~ki prirodoslovni muzej u mre`i prirodoslovnih muzeja Hrvatske Natural History Museum of Dubrovnik in the Croatian Natural History Museums net (99)
27 16:10 Pauza za kavu / Coffee break 16:30 Rasprava / Discussion
ZA[TITA PRIRODE I OKOLI[A PROTECTION OF NATURE AND ENVIRONMENT
PROGRAM Predsjedavatelji / Chairpersons: Kristina Sep~i}, Vladivoj Valkovi}
Plenarno predavanje / Plenary lecture
17:00 Tom Turk, Kristina Sep~i} Natural compounds from marine sponges, a possible replacement for toxic ingredients in antifouling coatings (100)
Usmena izlaganja / Oral presentations
17:20 Ana Alebi}-Jureti} U~inci one~i{}enja zraka na podru~ju grada Rijeke, 1980-2000 The effects of air pollution in the City of Rijeka (Croatia), 1980-2000 (101)
17:30 @eljko Bradari} Hidrografska i navigacijska obilje`ja podru~ja Primorsko-goranske `upanije te mogu}e vrste i intenzitet djelovanja prirodnih i civilizacijskih nesre}a Hydrographic and navigational characteristics of the area of Primorsko-Goranska County and the impact of natural and civilizational disasters (105)
17:40 Snje`ana Mikul~i} Pavlakovi}, Marta Crnjakovi}, Borna Lu`ar-Oberiter, Ljubomir Babi} Raznoliko porijeklo pla`a otoka sjevernog Jadrana - da li gospodarenje obalnom zonom zahtije- va posebne pristupe za pojedina~ne pla`e? The variable origin of beaches of north Adriatic islands - does Coastal Zone Management require a separate approach for individual beaches? (106)
17:50 Damir Lackovi} Predstavljanje i za{tita geolo{ke ba{tine – primjer Pou~ne geolo{ke staze Vela draga u Parku prirode U~ka Presentation and prevention of geological heritage – examples of Geological educational path Vela draga from the U~ka Nature park (108)
18:00 Gordana Pavokovi} Prijetnje populaciji bjeloglavog supa (Gyps fulvus) na kvarnerskim otocima i mjere za{tite Threats to the Eurasian Griffon (Gyps fulvus) population on Kvarner islands and protection measures (109)
18:10 Ivanka Avelini Holjevac, Dora Smol~i} Jurdana Ekoturizam – za{tite prirode i okoli{a Ecotourism – preservation of nature and environmental protection (111)
18:20 Dario \er|a, @elimir Gr`an~i} Primjena upravnih sredstava kao regulatornog mehanizma u za{titi prirode Application of administrative means as a nature protection regulatory mechanism (112)
Posterska priop}enja / Poster presentations Grand Hotel Bonavia, Kongresna dvorana/Congress hall, Karolina
Vi{nja [ojat, Gordana Hrabak-Tumpa, Dunja Borove~ki, Zlatica Gliha Kisele ki{e i koli~ina oborine Acid rains and precipitation amount (102) 28 Itana Bokan, Nikolina Furlan, Nada Matkovi} Analiza peluda u zraku na podru~ju grada Rijeke u 2005. godini Analysis of Airborne Pollen Concentrations in Rijeka in 2005 (103)
Jasmina Obho|a{, Ante Kutle, Vladivoj Valkovi} Otok Krk: geokemijski okoli{ i zdravlje ljudi Island of Krk: geochemical environment and human health (104) PROGRAM Du{anka ]uzela-Bila}, Itana Bokan, Vanda Pi{kur Kakvo}a mora na podru~ju Primorsko-goranske `upanije u 2005. godini Sanitary quality of the coastal sea water in the Primorsko-goranska county in 2005 (107)
Irina @eger, Karla Fabrio, Irina Zupan Za{ti}ena podru~ja Primorsko – goranske i Istarske `upanije Protected areas of Primorsko-goranska and Istarska counties (110)
18:30 Pauza za kavu / Coffee break 18:40 Diskusija / Disscussion
20:00-21:00 Okrugli stol / Round table Moderatori: Ana Alebi}-Jureti}, ^edomir Benac, Marcelo Kova~i}, Za{tita prirode i okoli{a Primorsko-goranske `upanije Protection of the Nature and Environment of Primorsko Goranska County
21:00-24:00 Sve~ana ve~era / Gala Dinner, Restaurant of the Grand Hotel Bonavia
Subota, 17. 06. 2006.g. / Saturday, June 17, 2006
9:00 Polazak na sru~ni izlet ispred Grand hotela Bonavia Departure the proffesional excursion in front of Grand Hotel Bonavia
13.30 Ru~ak / Lunch
18:00 Povratak u Rijeku ispred Grand hotela Bonavia Return to Rijeka in front of the Grand Hotel Bonavia
29 POVIJEST PRIRODOSLOVNIH ISTRA@IVANJA HISTORICAL OVERVIEW OF NATURAL HISTORY RESEARCHES
(1) O prvoj analizi vode Zvira
Ana Alebi}-Jureti} Nastavni Zavod za javno zdravstvo, Kre{imirova 52a, 51000 Rijeka, Hrvatska ana.alebic≤zzjzpgz.hr
U drugoj polovini XIX st Rijeka do`ivljava veliki uspon. Od 1857 god. u Rijeci djeluje Mornari~ka akade- mija, s probranim kadrom, medu kojima se naro~ito isticao profesor fizike Prof.dr. Peter Salcher. Pored njega, od 1869. god na toj je akademiji djelovao i Dr. Josef Köttstorfer, kao nastavnik kemije i prirodoslovlja, te voditelj laboratorija, a 1872. imenovan je profesorom kemije te visoko{kolske ustanove. Zbog sumnji na utjecaj starog groblja na kvalitetu vode izvora koji su se u gradu Rijeci koristili za pi}e, njemu je povjerena analiza vode iz tih izvora. Nakon tri takve kemijske analize iz po~etka sedamdesetih, dobio je i zadatak analizirati vode izvora Zvir s ciljem da se utvrdi podobnost te vode za planirani gradski vodovod. U razdoblju od prosinca 1886 do stude- nog 1887 uzorci vode iz Zvira, analizirali su se na dvadesetak kemijskih parametara, a od svibnja 1887 ra|ena je bakteriolo{ka analiza, kao potouno novi pristup analizi pitke vode kojeg je krajem 1885 predlo`io Koch na kongresu o higijeni u Berlinu. O rezultatima Prof. Köttstorfer napisao je 1888. god “Izvje{taj o kemijskoj analizi vode iz Zvira i o bakteriolo{kom ispitivanju iste, kao i vode javnih bunara u Rijeci”, koji je zbog svoje izvrsnosti publiciran u Priop}enjima kluba za prirodne znanosti u Rijeci iz 1896. Iako je ra|ena pred vi{e od 120 god., rezultati analize te zaklju~ci o kvaliteti vode i dan danas su aktualni.
On the first analyses of water from the spring Zvir
Ana Alebi}-Jureti} Teaching Institute of Public Health, Kre{imirova 52a, 51000 Rijeka, Croatia ana.alebic≤zzjzpgz.hr
During the second half of 19th century, the city of Rijeka (Fiume) underwent rapid expansion. Since 1857 the Marine Academy, with its highly qualified stuff, continued the activity in the city of Rijeka. Besides the well known professor of physics, Prof dr. Peter Salcher, Dr. Josef Köttstorfer was employed as teacher of chemi- stry and natural sciences, and the head of the chemical laboratory since 1869. In 1872 he was elected Professor of chemistry at the same Academy. Fearing the impact of the old graveyard on the quality of water from the springs within the old town that were used as potable water, he was assigned to make the chemical analyses. In the seventies he made three chemical analyses of potable water and in 1886 he was assigned also to eva- luate the sutibility of water from the spring Zvir for the planned municipal water supply sistem. In the period from December 1886 to November 1887 the samples of Zvir water were analysed on approx 20 chemical para- meters, and since May 1887 it included also the microbiological analysis, as a new approach to water quality control proposed by Koch during the Berlin Hygienic conference at the end of 1885. The results of the analysis was published in 1888 as “ The Report on Chemical Analysis of Water from Zvir, as well as the Microbiological Analysis of the same water and the Water from the Public Wells in Rijeka “. Due to its excellence, the report was published in the 1896 issue of the “Bulletin of the Club for Natural Sciences in Rijeka (Fiume)”. Though the analysis was made 120 years ago, its results and conclusions on on water quality are still valid.
(2) Stache i Istra
Koraljka Klepa~*, Rajko Pavlovec** *Prirodoslovni muzej Rijeka, Lorenzov prolaz 1, 51000 Rijeka, Hrvatska **Faculty of Natural Sciences and Engineering, Department of Geology, Privoz 11, 1000 Ljubljana, Slovenia. koraljka≤prirodoslovni.com
Guido Karl Heinrich Stache rodio se 1833. godine u mjestu Namyslów u [leziji, a umro je 1921. godi- ne u Be~u. Radio je u Geolo{kom zavodu u Be~u, ~iji je bio i ravnatelj od 1892. do umirovljenja 1902. godine. 30 Obavio je brojna geolo{ka istra`ivanja u dr`avama tada{nje Austro-Ugarske Monarhije, me|u ostalima u Hrva- tskoj (Istra, Dalmacija) i Sloveniji. O geolo{koj gra|i Istre napisao je i objavio oko 30 ve}ih i manjih rasprava i ~lanaka. Najva`nija rasprava je monografija o liburnijskoj formaciji – Die Liburnische Stufe und deren Grenz- Horizonte iz 1889. godine. Na`alost, umro je prije izrade drugog dijela te monografije. Stacheova istra`ivanja u Istri poglavito se odnose na podru~ja stratigrafije, paleontologije, op}e geologije i tektonike, ali tako|er i hidrogeologije i geomorfologije. Njegove rasprave ukazuju na {iroko podru~je istra`iva~kog interesa. Ve} su ga suvremenici istaknuli kao posljednjeg od velikih za~etnika geolo{kih istra`ivanja u Monarhiji i kao prvog koji je sustavno prou~avao geolo{ku gra|u te dr`ave. U Istri je ra{~lanio i opisao kredne i paleogenske nasla- ge. Uz manje dopune, mo`da detaljnija istra`ivanja i neke nove op}e poglede, Stacheove spoznaje i danas su temelj za tamo{nja geolo{ka istra`ivanja. Opisao je geolo{ku gra|u dijelova Istre, brojne fosile, pa ~ak i pro- bleme vodne opskrbe nekih krajeva. Zanimljivo je da se, usprkos brojnim geolo{kim podacima koje je utvrdio istra`ivanjem, nije lako odlu~ivao na izradu geolo{kih karata, pa ni za Istru.
Stache and Istria
Koraljka Klepa~*, Rajko Pavlovec** *Natural History Museum Rijeka, Lorenzov prolaz 1, 51 000 Rijeka, Croatia. **Faculty of Natural Sciences and Engineering, Department of Geology, Privoz 11, 1000 Ljubljana, Slovenia. koraljka≤prirodoslovni.com
Guido Karl Heinrich Stache was born in 1833 in Namyslów, Silesia, and died in 1921 in Vienna. He worked in the Institute of Geology in Vienna, and was its head in the period 1892-1902 when he retired. He con- ducted numerous geological researches in different parts of the then Austro-Hungarian Monarchy, in Croatian (Istria, Dalmatia) and Slovenia, among others. He published about 30 treatises and articles about geological structure of Istria. The most important is the monograph on Liburnian formation – Die Liburnische Stufe und deren Grenz-Horizonte, published in 1889. Unfortunately, he died before he could finish its second part.Sta- che’s research in Istria was primarily in the field of stratigraphy, paleontology, general geology and tectonics, as well as hydrogeology, geomorphology. His treatises point to a wide fields of his research interest. It was already his contemporaries who have called him the last of the great founders of geological research in the Monarchy, as well as the first one to systematically study geological structure of the country. In Istria he primarily analysed and described Cretaceous and Paleogene sediments. With small amendments, more detailed research and some recent general attitude, Stache’s scientific cognitions still form a basis for geological research there. He described the geological structure of Istria, numerous fossils; he even dealt with water supply issues in certain areas. Interestingly, despite numerous geological data he had available, he did not easily venture on the crea- tion of geological maps, in Istria, or anywhere else.
(3) Povijest istra`ivanja istarske flore
Ivo Trinajsti}, Zinka Pavleti} Dunjevac 2, 10000 Zagreb, Hrvatska
Poluotok Istra u svojim prirodnim geografskim granicama pripada Republici Hrvatskoj, a samo manji njezin dio pripada Republici Sloveniji. U ovoj prigoodi biti }e govora o povijesti istra`ivanja hrvatskoga dijela Istre koji u politi~ko-administrativnom smislu pripada @upaniji Istarskoj i o kojemu postoji opse`na literaturna gra|a. Ako kao po~etak istra`ivanja istarske flore ozna~imo rad Zannichelia iz 1730. godine, floristi~ka istra`ivanja u Istri imaju povijest dugu preko 270 godina. Dakako, u tom i u europskim mjerilima dugom razdo- blju intenzitet floristi~kih istra`ivanja nije bio jednak, pa u tom smislu mo`emo razlikovati nekoliko zna~ajnih razdoblja. To su: 1. Razdoblje po~etnih istra`ivanja, lineovsko-postlineovskog perioda po prilici od 1770-1801. godine. 2. Razdoblje sustavnih istra`ivanja tijekom 19. i po~etka 20. stolje}a, po prilici od 1827-1918. godine. 3. Razdoblje floristi~kih istra`ivanja izme|u dva svjetska rata (1918-1945) 4. Razdoblje floristi~kih istra`ivanja po ujedinjenju Istre s ostalim dijelom Hrvatske poslije drugoga svjetskog rata 5. Najnovija floristi~ka istra`ivanja u sklopu projekta “Flora von Istrien”, po~ev od 1997. godine.
31 History of Istrian flora research
Ivo Trinajsti}, Zinka Pavleti} Dunjevac 2, 10000 Zagreb, Croatia
The Istria Peninsula in its natural geographic boundaries belongs to the Republic of Croatia, with just a small part of it belonging to the Republic of Slovenia. On this occasion, the history of the research in the Croatian part of Istria, which politically and administratively is included in the Istria County and about which a comprehensive literature material exists, will be discussed. If the work of Zannicheli from the year 1730 is taken as the beginning of the Istrian flora research, then the history of the floristic research in Istria is more than 270 years long. Of course, during such a long period of time even by the European standards, the intensity of floristic research was not at always the same, so in this respect several important periods can be distinguished. These are: 1. The initial research time of the Linnaean and post-Linnaean period, approximately from 1770 to 18001. 2. The systematic research period during the 19th century and at the beginning of the 20th century, approximately from 1827 to 1918. 3. The floristic research period between two world wars (1918-1945). 4. The floristic research period following Istria uniting with other parts of Croatia after the Second World War. 5. The latest floristic research within the project “Flora von Istrien” starting from 1997.
(4) J. H. Zannichelli (1662-1729) i prva floristi~ka istra`ivnja U~ke
Slavko Brana Natura Histrica, A.Rismondo 2, 52210 Rovinj, Hrvatska sbrana≤inet.hr
Johannes Hieronymus Zannichelli (Giovanni Girolamo Zannichelli), ljekarnik, kemi~ar i botani~ar iz Venecije, u dva je navrata (1722. i 1725. godine), obi{ao Istru. Opis toga puta, sa popisima sakupljenih ili zabilje`enih biljnih svojti, objavio je posthumno (1730.) u Veneciji njegov sin. To je prvo, sa~uvano, pisano svjedo~anstvo o sustavnim floristi~kim istra`ivanjima U~ke i istarskog poluotoka. U radu se donosi kratak `ivo- topis J. H. Zannichellia, te popis svojti koje je on zabilje`io za U~ku goru.
J. H. Zannichelli (1662-1729) and the early floristic explorations of U~ka mountain.
Slavko Brana Natura Histrica, A.Rismondo 2, 52210 Rovinj, Croatia sbrana≤inet.hr
Johannes Hieronymus Zannichelli (Giovanni Girolamo Zannichelli), who was a farmacist, chemist and a botanist from Venice, visited Istria twice, in 1722 and 1725. Description of that journey, with lists of collected or noted plant species, was posthumously published (1730) in Venice by his son. This is the first written report that was preserved about systematic floristic research on U~ka mountain and the Istrian peninsula. In the paper there’s a short biography of J. H. Zannichelli, and the list of species he noted for the U~ka mountain.
(5) Iz herbara C. Studniczke
Nediljko @evrnja*, Dalibor Vladovi}**, Dina Tomasovi}** *Prirodoslovni muzej i zoo, Kolombatovi}evo {etali{te 2, 21000 Split, Hrvatska **5 gimnazija “Vladimir Nazor”, Zagreba~ka 2, 21000 Split, Hrvatska primust≤st.t-com.hr
U pregledanom dijelu herbara Carla Studniczke nalazi se 16 herbarskih listova sa podru~ja tada{nje (Austrougarske) Istre. Po dva herbarska lista odnose se na istu biljnu vrstu, te je ukupno iz Istre sabrano 14 32 vrsta biljaka. Dvanaest herbarskih listova Studniczki je iz Istre poslao austrijski botani~ar Freyn F. J. Dva herbar- ska lista sabrao je sam, a po jedan herbarski list poslali su mu: E. Brandmayer i Ferdinand Graf (koji je u Istru do{ao iz Graza, ali do ovoga rada nije bilo podataka o njegovoj aktivnosti na podru~ju Istre). Za vrste Fumaria major Badar., Ranunculus flabellatus Desf., Ranunculus neapolitanus Ten, Pulsatilla montana Hoppe, Delphi- nium paniculatum Koch. i Clematis viticella L. podatci u etiketama pokazuju da su sabrane prije ili u godini objavljivanja prvoga nalaza za podru~je Istre. Prvenstvo nalaza vrste Ranunculus flabellatus Desf. za podru~je Premanture, trebalo bi pripasti Freynu koji je s tog podru~ja 1876. godine sabire za Studniczkin herbar.
From the herbarium of C. STUDNICZKE
Nediljko @evrnja*, Dalibor Vladovi}**, Dina Tomasovi}** *Natural History Museum Split, Kolombatovi}evo {etali{te 2, 21 000 Split, Croatia **5 gimnazija “Vladimir Nazor”, Zagreba~ka 2, 21000 Split, Croatia primust≤st.t-com.hr
The surveyed part of the herbarium of Carl Studniczki contains 16 herbarium sheets from the area of the Austrian-Hungarian Istria of his time. Two by two sheets refer to the same plant species, so that Istrian collection includes 14 plant species. Studniczki was given 12 herbarium sheets by Austrian botanist F. J. Freyn, two sheets are his original collections, and E. Brandmayser and Ferdinand Graf gave him one sheet each. F. Graf came to Istria from Graz but his work in Istria has been completely unknown up to the present paper. For the species Fumaria major Badar., Ranunculus flabellatus Desf., Ranunculus neapolitanus Ten, Pulsatilla mon- tana Hoppe, Delphinium paniculatum Koch. and Clematis viticella L. the data on labels show that they were collected the same year as reported as the first record from Istria. The first record of the species Ranunculus flabellatus Desf. from Premantura should have been attrributed to Freyn who made collections for the herba- rium of Studniczki from that area in 1876.
(6) Povijest istra`ivanja faune mahovnjaka (Bryozoa) {ireg rije~kog podru~ja
Maja Novosel, Antonieta Po`ar-Domac Prirodoslovno-matemati~ki fakultet, Biolo{ki odsjek, Rooseveltov trg 6, 10000 Zagreb, Hrvatska maja≤biol.pmf.hr
Prvi ikada opisan morski mahovnjak bila je mediteranska vrsta roda Reteporella, o kojoj je 1555. go- dine pisao francuski profesor medicine Rondelet. Dva stolje}a kasnije, Donati (1750) opisuje prvu vrstu iz Jadrana. Istra`ivanja faune mahovnjaka {ireg rije~kog podru~ja zapo~inje Grube 1861. Prvi koji se sustavno bavio mahovnjacima u akvatoriju Kvarnera, bio je Heller (1886). Friedl zatim (1918) revidira sve dotada{nje radove i navodi za sjeverni Jadran ukupno 86 vrsta. Kolosváry (1943) popisuje vrste sakupljene za vrijeme ma|arske ekspedicije “Najade” (1913-1914) oko Rijeke. O mahovnjacima u okolici Rovinja pi{u Nikoli} (1949, 1954), Zavodnik (1963), Gamulin-Brida i sur. (1968) i Igi} (1970). Lovri} (1976) spominje u Velebitskom kanalu koraligensku “briozojsku” biocenozu Hippodiplosetum foliaceae. Iste godine Silén i Harmelin (1976) opisuju novu vrstu u podmorju otoka Prvi}a (Velebitski kanal). U novije vrijeme Zavodnik i Kova~i} (2000) popisuju 27 vrsta Rije~kog zaljeva. Hayward i McKinney (2002) utvr|uju 103 vrste u rovinjskom akvatoriju, od ~ega 5 novih za znanost. U Velebitskom kanalu Novosel i sur. (2004) utvr|uju 50 vrsta u podmorju otoka Prvi}a te istra`uju naselja vrste Pentapora fascialis u blizini vrulja.
History of research of bryozoan fauna in the wider Rijeka area
Maja Novosel, Antonieta Po`ar-Domac Faculty of Science, University of Zagreb, Deptartment of Biology, Rooseveltov trg 6, 10000 Zagreb, Croatia maja≤biol.pmf.hr
The first ever described marine bryozoan species was a Mediterranean Reteporella species in1 555 by French professor of medicine Rondelet. Two centuries later, Donati (1750) reported the first species from the Adriatic. Bryozoan research of the wider Rijeka area started with Grube (1861). The first who made systematic research in Kvarner region was Heller (1886). Then Friedl (1918), reviewing all previous research, mentioned a total of 86 species for the northern Adriatic. Kolosváry (1943) analysed the material collected in 1913-1914 around Rijeka, during the Hungarian “Naiads” expedition. Nikoli} (1949, 1954), Zavodnik (1963), Gamulin- 33 Brida et al. (1968) and Igi} (1970) recorded bryozoans from Rovinj marine area. In 1976, Lovri} mentions a coralligenic bryozoan biocoenosis of Hippodiplosetum foliaceae in the Velebit Channel. In the same year, Silén & Harmelin (1976) described a new species at the island of Prvi} (Velebit Channel). More recently, Zavodnik & Kova~i} (2000) recorded 27 species in Rijeka Bay. Hayward & McKinney (2002) published an index of Bryo- zoa of Rovinj marine area, recording 103 species, 5 of them new for science. In the Velebit Channel, Novosel et al. (2004) listed 50 species at the island of Prvi} and explored Pentapora fascialis habitats near submarine springs.
(7) Vegetabilni i zoomorfni arhitektonski ornamentarij Rije~ke ribarnice
Theodor de Canziani Jak{i} Spomeni~ka knji`nica i zbirka Ma`urani}-Brli}-Ru`i}, Pe}ine 5, Rijeka, Hrvatska
Iz dijela istra`ivanja pro~eljne i interijerne arhitektonske ornamentike na rije~koj arhitekturi {to je projekt prirodoslovnog muzeja u Rijeci i Dr`avnog arhiva Rijeka, osobito se svojom kvalitetom, koncepcijom i mjestom u urbanom tkivu grada isti~e rije~ka ribarnica-pescheria comunale. Ovaj spomenik arhitekture ali i `ivi organizam svakodnevne trgovine ribom “nova” je rije~ka ribarnica koja je arhitektonskim pravom prihva}ena na mjestu stare ve} 1904. godine. Burne rasprave o smje{taju i politi~ke prepirke omogu}uju gradnju tek 1913.-1914. godine da bi otvorenje bilo tek 1915. godine. U eklektici neoromantike, be~ke secesije, talijanskog libertia s po~etka XX. stolje}a genijalno promi~u}i nov pristup artikulaciji i evoluciji prostornog koncepta uz vegetabilnu ornamentaciju i kombinaciju tradicionalnih arhitektonskih materijala ribarnicu ostvaruje arhitekt Carlo Pegoli (1870.-1928.), venecijanski |ak, ali i suradnik glasovitog Giacoma Zammattia. Izvo|a~ gradnje rije~ki poduzetnik Arturo Hering kao i ina~e garantira kvalitetu a osobit je ansambl skulptura, maskerona, tonda, frizeva, kapitela, zidnih fontana i pro~eljne skulpture {to potpisuje venecijansko-rije~ki skulptor Urbano Bottasso(1868.-1917.). Osobita bujnost i kvaliteta skulpture inspirirane morskim svijetom prikazuju nam stvarne i prepoznatljive morske organizme kao podsjetnik na biolo{ku raznolikost Kvarnera i Jadrana.
Vegetative and zoomorphic architectural ornametary of Rijeka’s Fish market
Theodor de Canziani Jak{i} The Monumental Library Collection Ma`urani}-Brli}-Ru`i}, Pe}ine 5, Rijeka, Croatia
From the part of research of façade and interior architectural ornaments on the architecture of Rijeka, which is a project of the Natural History Museum Rijeka and State Archives Rijeka, we can single out Rijeka’s Fish market – Pescheria comunale due to its remarkable quality, concept and location in the urban tissue of Rijeka. This architectural monument, as well as a living organism of everyday fish trade is the “new” Rijeka’s Fish market that was, by architectural right, planned to be built on the location of the old Fish market as early as in 1904. However, heated discussions about the location accompanied with political arguments postponed the construction until 1913.-1914., followed by its opening no sooner than 1915. In the eclectic Neoromanticism, Viennese Secession and Italian Libertio from the beginning of the 20th century, while ingeniously promoting a new approach to articulation and evolution of space concept with vegetational ornamentation and combination of traditional architectural materials, Fish-market is created by the architect Carlo Pegoli (1870.-1928.), Venetian student and also a collaborator of renowned Giacomo Zammatti. Building contractor Arturo Hering, an entre- preneur from Rijeka, as usual, guaranteed quality, while an outstanding ensemble of sculptures, mascerones, tondes, friezes, column capitals, wall fountains and façade sculptures is the courtesy of sculptor that derives his heritage from both Venice and Rijeka - Urbano Bottasso (1868-1917). Remarkable richness and quality of sculpture inspired by the sea world shows us real and recognisable sea organisms as a reminder of biological diversity of Kvarner and the Adriatic.
34 POLJE GEOFIZIKE (TEME: METEOROLOGIJA, HIDROGRAFIJA, FIZI^KA OCEANOGRAFIJA, SEIZMOLOGIJA) FIELD OF GEOPHYSICS (TOPICS: METEOROLOGY, HIDROGRAPHY, PHYSICAL OCEANOGRAPHY, SEISMOLOGY)
(8) Operativna oceanografija u Hrvatskoj?
Mirko Orli} Geofizi~ki zavod «Andrija Mohorovi~i}», Prirodoslovno-matemati~ki fakultet, Sveu~ili{te u Zagrebu, Horvatovac bb, 10000 Zagreb orlic≤olimp.irb.hr
Tradicionalna metoda u oceanografiji je analiza koja se zasniva na istra`iva~kim krstarenjima, naknad- noj obradi prikupljenih podataka te njihovoj usporedbi s rezultatima modeliranja. Unatrag dvadesetak godina u svijetu se – uz analizu – po~ela razvijati i oceanografska prognoza. Za potrebe prognoze podaci moraju biti dostupni ~im su mjerenja obavljena, a numeri~ki modeli stalno se rabe u prediktivne svrhe. Podpodru~je ~ija je svrha izrada prognoza nazvano je operativnom oceanografijom. Njena je va`nost osobito velika kad se razmatraju klimatska kolebanja, poreme}aji u morskom hranidbenom lancu, sigurnost plovidbe, obrana od poplavljivanja ili pak za{tita od zaga|enja. Sve su to problemi koji se javljaju i u Jadranu, s time da za sada nema nikakvih prediktivnih sustava koji bi, primjerice, bili posve}eni vjetrovnim valovima i njihovom utjecaju na plovidbu u hrvatskom obalnom podru~ju, olujnim usporima i posljedi~nom poplavljivanju hrvatskih obalnih naselja ili disperziji u moru i na~inu kako bi se naftna mrlja {irila me|u hrvatskim otocima. Neke su prelimi- narne studije pokazale da bi operativna oceanografija mogla uvelike pomo}i pri rje{avanju tih problema te da bi u Hrvatskoj valjalo uspostaviti slu`bu koja bi omogu}ila stalno pra}enje procesa u moru i redovito izdavanje prognoza.
Operational oceanography in Croatia?
Mirko Orli} Andrija Mohorovi~i} Geophysical Institute, Faculty of Science, University of Zagreb, Horvatovac bb, 10000 Zagreb, Croatia orlic≤olimp.irb.hr
Traditional method employed in oceanography is analysis, which is based on research cruises, a po- steriori analysis of the data collected and their comparison with the modeling results. Over the last two decades the analysis has been supplemented by oceanographic forecasting in a number of countries around the world. The forecasts necessitate that the data be available immediately after the measurements are completed, and that the numerical models be permanently run in order to produce predictions. Subfield aimed at forecasting has been termed operational oceanography. The new branch of oceanography is particularly useful when considering climatic fluctuations, perturbations in the marine food web, security of navigation, flood protection or pollution control. All the problems listed may be encountered in the Adriatic as well, but at present there are no forecasting systems that would address, for example, wind waves and their influence on navigation in Croatian coastal area, storm surges and consequent flooding of Croatian coastal cities or dispersion in the sea and the way oil spill would spread among Croatian islands. Some preliminary studies have shown that ope- rational oceanography could help to a considerable extent to solve these problems, and that a service should be established in Croatia in order to make permanent monitoring of processes in the sea possible and regular production of forecasts feasible.
35 (9) Digitalne karte odabranih klimatskih elemenata s naglaskom na podru~je Primorsko-goranske `upanije
Melita Per~ec Tadi}, Marjana Gaji}-^apka, Ksenija Zaninovi}, Mirta Patar~i}, Lidija Srnec Dr`avni hidrometeorolo{ki zavod, Gri~ 3, 10000 Zagreb, Hrvatska melita.percec≤cirus.dhz.hr
U Hrvatskoj se samo Primorsko-goranska `upanija i njoj susjedna Li~ko-senjska mogu pohvaliti ovako velikom raznoliko{}u geografskih, orografskih, a kao posljedica ovog i klimatskih karakteristika svog podru~ja. Klimatske karakteristike razdoblja 1961-1990. su u radu prikazane sa do sada u DHMZ1-u izra|enim kartama srednjih godi{njih vrijednosti tri klimatolo{ka elementa: temperature zraka, koli~ine oborine i relativne vla`nosti zraka. Srednja godi{nja suma globalnog Sun~eva zra~enja izuzetno je prikazana za razdoblje 1961-1980. u skladu s dostupnim podacima. Karte obuhva}aju podru~je Republike Hrvatske, a ovdje je naglasak stavljen na Primorsko- goransku `upaniju.Karte su izra|ene u digitalnom obliku kori{tenjem GIS2 programskog paketa Ilwis. Vi{estruka linearna regresija te kriging kao geostatisti~ka metoda prostorne interpolacije kori{tene su pri procjeni vrijednosti klimatolo{kih polja na pravilnoj mre`i. Srednja godi{nja suma globalnog Sun~eva zra~enja i srednja godi{nja temperatura zraka najni`e vrijednosti imaju na vr{nim dijelovima planina Gorskog kotara (1.1 MWhm-2 i 2°C), a najvi{e vrijednosti na otocima (1.5 MWhm-2 i 16°C). Srednja godi{nja relativna vla`nost i koli~ina oborine najvi{e vrijednosti imaju na vr{nim dijelovima planina Gorskog kotara (>85% i >3000 mm), a najni`e na otocima (65% i 1000-1250 mm).
Digital maps of the selected climatic parameters with emphasis to the Primorsko-goranska county
Melita Per~ec Tadi}, Marjana Gaji}-^apka, Ksenija Zaninovi}, Mirta Patar~i}, Lidija Srnec Meteorological and Hydrological Service of Croatia, Gri~ 3, 10000 Zagreb, Croatia melita.percec≤cirus.dhz.hr
In Croatia only in Primorsko-goranska county and neighbouring Li~ko-senjska county one can find such a variety of geographic, orographic and hence also a climatic characteristics. Climatic characteristics of the period 1961-1990 have been presented through the maps of mean annual values of the three climatological parameters: air temperature, precipitation amount and relative humidity that have been until now produced in DHMZ1. Mean annual sum of global solar radiation has been presented for the 1961-1980 period according to the available measurements. The maps cover the Croatian territory but the emphasis has been laid on the Primorsko-goranska county.Digital maps of climatological fields have been produced in GIS2 software Ilwis. Geostatistical methods, namely Multiple Linear Regression (MLR) and Kriging have been applied to estimate climatological fields on a regular grid. The lowest values of the global solar radiation and temperature one can find on the tops of the Gorski kotar mountains (1.1 MWhm-2 and 2°C) and the highest on the islands (1.5 MWhm-2 and 16°C). Relative humidity and precipitation amount are the highest on the mountain tops (>85% and >3000 mm) and the lowest on the islands (65% and 1000-1250 mm).1 Dr`avni hidrometeorolo{ki zavod (Croatian Meteorological and Hydrological Service)2 Geografski informacijski sustav (Geographic Informa- tion System)
(10) Re`im vjetra na podru~ju rije~kog bazena
Gordana Hrabak-Tumpa, Stjepan Ivatek-[ahdan Dr`avni hidrometeorolo{ki zavod, Gri~ 3, 10000 Zagreb, Hrvatska tumpa≤cirus.dhz.hr
U radu je prikazana karakteristika puhanja jakog do olujnog vjetra u svezi smjera i brzine vjetra na dva nivoa: na 10 i 30 m nad tlom iznad Bakarskog zaljeva. Ustanovljene su karakteristike pove}anja srednje 10-mi- nutne brzine na 30 m u odnosu na visinu 10 m dok je maksimalni udar vjetra gotovo nepromijenjen obzirom na pove}anje visine. Uo~eno je i zakretanje smjera vjetra, idu}i u vis, prema istoku. U svezi prostorne promjenji- vosti brzine vjetra, uspore|ene su istodobne vrijednosti maksimalnih brzina i srednjih 10-minutnih brzina koje su izmjerene na podru~ju iznad Bakarskog zaljeva (TS Meline) i na podru~ju Rijeke.
36 The wind regime on wide area of Rijeka bay
Gordana Hrabak-Tumpa, Stjepan Ivatek-[ahdan Meteorological and Hydrological Service of Croatia, Gri~ 3, 10000 Zagreb, Croatia tumpa≤cirus.dhz.hr
In this work characteristics of blowing very strong to stormy wind are given in connection with direction and speed at both levels - sensors are fixed on two levels above the earth surface: 10 and 30 m. Momentary turbulent and ten-minutes mean winds were measured. It was noticed increasing mid range 10 minute wind speed at 30 m in correlation of 10 m height. But, the wind squall remained unchanged in respect of height in- creasing, especially to the east. In respect of wind speed there were compared simultaneously figures of maxi- mal speeds and mid 10 minute wind speeds, measured on area of Bakar bay (TS Melina) and on Rijeka area.
(11) Bura na rije~kom podru~ju
Alica Baji} Dr`avni hidrometeorolo{ki zavod, Gri~ 3, 10000 Zagreb, Hrvatska, alica.bajic≤cirus.dhz.hr
Bura je hladan, jak i mahovit vjetar koji daje osnovno obilje`je klime {ireg rije~kog podru~ja. Najve}e trenutne brzine bure tu dose`u vrijednosti ve}e od 200 km/h. Primjeri analize podataka mjerenja smjera i br- zine vjetra na lokacijama grada Rijeke i Melina, te mosta Krk dokazuju da je bura meteorolo{ki fenomen ~ije zna~ajke izuzetno variraju od lokacije do lokacije. Posebno je zna~ajna vremenska promjenjivost njene brzine koja se u dvije uzastopne sekunde mo`e promijeniti za vi{e od 50 km/h. Nagli porast brzine vjetra, njena ~esta i velika promjenjivost s vremenom i prostorom uvelike utje~u na sve gospodarske grane koje ovise o vremenu, a posebice na cestovni promet. Stoga je za sigurnost prometa veoma va`no poznavati karakteristike vjetra kako bi se mogle definirati grani~ne vrijednosti njegove brzine kod kojih je potrebno regulirati brzinu vozila ili obustaviti promet. Poseban zna~aj pri tome imaju kvalitetni izmjereni podaci smjera i brzine vjetra u {to duljem vremenskom razdoblju na {to vi{e lokacija od interesa i atmosferski modeli koji omogu}uju prognozu nastanka i razvoja bure na podru~ju od interesa s velikom prostornom rezolucijom. Jedan od takvih mode- la je i mezoskalnih prognosti~ki model atmosphere ALADIN ~iji se rezultati operativno koriste u Dr`avnom hidrometeorolo{kom zavodu za potrebe prognoze vremena.
Bora wind in the Rijeka region
Alica Baji} Meteorological and Hydrological Service of Croatia, Gri~ 3,10000 Zagreb, Croatia alica.bajic≤cirus.dhz.hr
The bora wind as a cold, strong and turbulent wind is a main characteristic of the Rijeka region climate. Its maximum gusts could reach more that 200 km/h. Examples of measured wind data analysis shows that bora wind is meteorological phenomenon that varies considerably with time and space. The bora wind speed could increase for 50 km/h and more in two consecutive seconds. Therefore, safety and functionality of roads depend on good knowledge of wind characteristics based on long-term wind measurements on large number of loca- tions and good weather forecast. So, the possibility of the operational ALADIN numerical weather prediction mesoscale high-resolution model to forecast the strength and onset time of bora wind has great importance for maintain road traffic safety in regions with severe bora wind.
37 (12) Prva mjerenja bure trokomponentnim anemometrom
Mirko Orli}, Danijel Belu{i}, Zoran Pasari} Geofizi~ki zavod «Andrija Mohorovi~i}», Prirodoslovno-matemati~ki fakultet, Sveu~ili{te u Zagrebu, Horvatovac bb, 10000 Zagreb, Hrvatska orlic≤olimp.irb.hr
Dosada{nja istra`ivanja bure zasnivala su se isklju~ivo na mjerenjima horizontalnih komponenata vje- tra. Kako bismo omogu}ili analizu i vertikalne komponente, 18. o`ujka 2004. godine postavili smo ultrazvu~ni anemometar WindMaster (Gill Instruments) u Senj na visinu od 13 m. Instrument je i danas u funkciji, {to rezultira dugoro~nim zapisom tri komponente vjetra s frekvencijom uzorkovanja od 4 Hz. Pri analizi priku- pljenih podataka koncentrirali smo se na odabrane epizode bure. Spektralna je analiza pokazala da su na najmanjim periodima (manjima od 5 s) horizontalna i vertikalna promjenjivost vjetra usporedivog intenziteta te da se s porastom perioda po~inju razlikovati: na najve}im razlu~enim periodima horizontalne energije za jedan red veli~ina prema{uju vertikalne energije. Na periodima od oko 8 min opa`ene su pulsacije bure, pri ~emu poja~avanju bure pribli`no odgovara silazno strujanje zraka, i obratno. Na periodima izme|u 10 min i 1 h zabilje`en je minimum energije za sve komponente vjetra, dok je na periodima ve}ima od 1 h opa`en op}i porast energije.
First measurements of the bora wind with a three-axis anemometer
Mirko Orli}, Danijel Belu{i}, Zoran Pasari} Andrija Mohorovi~i} Geophysical Institute, Faculty of Science, University of Zagreb, Horvatovac bb, 10000 Zagreb, Croatia orlic≤olimp.irb.hr
Traditionally, the bora wind was investigated using measurements of its horizontal components only. In order to consider the vertical component as well, on 18 March 2004 we have mounted the WindMaster ultra- sonic anemometer produced by Gill Instruments at Senj at a height of 13 m above ground. The instrument is still operational, thus providing long-term record of three wind components with a sampling frequency of 4 Hz. In the analysis of data collected we have concentrated on selected bora episodes. Spectral analysis showed that at the smallest periods (below 5 s) the horizontal and vertical wind variability was of comparable intensity, and that with an increase of period they began to differ: at the greatest periods resolved the horizontal energies were an order of magnitude larger than the vertical ones. At the period of about 8 min the bora pulsations were observed, with the strengthening of the bora wind roughly corresponding to downward flow of the air, and vice versa. Between the periods of about 10 min and 1 h a minimum of energy was recorded for all the wind com- ponents, and at the periods exceeding 1 h there was a general increase of energy.
(13) Ekstremne godi{nje i ljetne temperaturne zraka na rije~kom podru~ju
Marina Mileta Dr`avni hidrometeorolo{ki Zavod, Gri~ 3, 10000 Zagreb, Hrvatska mileta≤cirus.dhz.hr
U radu su prikazane ekstremne temperaturne zraka izmjerene na meteorolo{koj postaji Rijeka u raspolo`ivom razdoblju mjerenja 1949-2005. Analizirane su vrijednosti temperature zraka s obzirom na prosje~ne vrijednosti (1961-1990) na godi{njoj , sezonskoj ( ljetnoj skali) i dnevnoj skali. Sa temperaturom zraka od 15.3°C godina 2000. bila je najtoplija u navededom raspolo`ivom razdoblju mjerenja dok je najhladnija 1980 sa 12.7 °C. Za odre|ivanje izuzetnosti srednjih dnevnih temperatura zraka koristi se Chapmann-Conrad-ov kriterij.
38 Extreme annual and summer air temperatures conditions over area of Rijeka
Marina Mileta Meteorological and Hydrological Service, Gri~ 3, 10000 Zagreb, Croatia mileta≤cirus.dhz.hr
The paper presents the extreme air temperatute in Rijeka during the available period 1948-2005. With a air temperature of 15.3°C the 2000 was the warmest year in Rijeka while the coldest year was 1980 with a temperature of 12.7°C. The analyses of air temperatures were carried out on season scale, monthly and daily scale compared to the average ( 1961-1990). To estimated extraordinary daily temperatures the Chapmann- Conrad criterion was applied.
(14) Trendovi temperaturnih parametara primijenjenih u procjeni energije potrebne za grijanje u Crikvenici
Lidija Cvitan Dr`avni hidrometeorolo{ki zavod, Gri~ 3, 10000 Zagreb, Hrvatska cvitan≤cirus.dhz.hr
Ovaj rad prikazuje promjene dvaju temperaturnih parametara proporcionalnih energiji potrebnoj za grijanje u Crikvenici tijekom razdoblja 1901-2005. Prikazani su i neki izra~uni (1961-1990.) kakvi su primjenji- vani u novijem planiranju energije za grijanje u Hrvatskoj. Crikvenica ima vremenski dug niz meteorolo{kih podataka koji je prikladan za istra`ivanje klimatskih promjena i na {irem rije~kom podru~ju. Trend i prosje~ne godi{nje promjene stupanj-dana grijanja i broja dana grijanja su odre|eni za razdoblja 1901-2005., 1901-2000. i 1961-2005., a odre|eni su, kako za sezonu grijanja (listopad-travanj), tako i za svaki pojedini mjesec u sezoni. Statisti~ki zna~aj trenda je testiran Mann - Kendalovim testom. Utv|eno je kako se potrebne koli~ine energije za grijanje u Crikvenici vremenom smanjuju. Za sezonu grijanja je statisti~ki zna~ajan opadaju}i trend stupanj- dana grijanja utvr|en za primijenjene temperaturne pragove od 12°C i 15°C (vanjska srednja dnevna tempe- rature zraka) u razdoblju 1901-2005. Statisti~ki zna~ajni mjese~ni opadaju}i trendovi su utvr|eni za listopad i sije~anj za jedan ili oba parametra u razdobljima 1901-2005. i 1901-2000., a za prosinac za oba parametra (uz temparaturni prag vanjske temperature od 12°C) u razdoblju 1961-2005..
Trends in temperature parameters used for recent heating energy assessment in Crikvenica
Lidija Cvitan Meteorological and Hydrological Service, Gri~ 3, 10000 Zagreb, Croatia cvitan≤cirus.dhz.hr
This presentation shows the evolution of the two temperature parameters proportional to heating ener- gy consumption in Crikvenica, during the 1901-2005 period. Shown are also some calculations (1961-1990) important for recent energetic and economic decision makers’ activities in Croatia. Crikvenica meteorological data series are long enough and convenient for detecting climate changes in Rijeka region. Trends and avera- ge yearly changes of heating degree-day and number of heating days are calculated over 1901-2005, 1901-2000 and 1961-2005. They are determined for the whole heating season (October-April) as well as for each month separately. Statistical significances of the trends are tested using the non-parametric Mann - Kendal tau test. The results obtained indicate that the demands for the fuel for heating are decreasing in Crikvenica. For the whole heating season statistically significant decreasing trends in heating degree-days are detected only for chosen base temperatures of 12°C and 15°C (daily mean outside air temperature) over the period 1901-2005. Statistically significant decreasing trends are detected also for October and January in one or both parameters over the periods 1901-2005 and 1901-2000, whilst only for December in both parameters (for base temperature of 10°C) over 1961-2005.
39 (15) Prostorna raspodjela srednjeg godi{njeg broja dana s padanjem snijega na {irem rije~kom podru~ju
Mirta Patar~i}, Ksenija Zaninovi} Dr`avni hidrometeorolo{ki zavod, Gri~ 3, 10000 Zagreb, Hrvatska patarcic≤cirus.dhz.hr
U radu je prikazana prostorna razdioba broj dana s padanjem snijega kao zna~ajnog podatka za pla- niranje odr`avanja prometnica.Klimatska raznolikost rije~kog podru~ja o~ituje se osobito u snje`nom re`imu. Broj dana s padanjem snijega pove}ava se s porastom nadmorske visine. Na obalnom dijelu broj dana s padanjem snijega pove}ava se za 4 dana/100 m, a u zale|u za 3 dana/100 m.U ~itavoj Hrvatskoj Gorski ko- tar ima najvi{e dana sa snijegom na odre|enoj nadmorskoj visini. Na visinama izme|u 400 i 500 m tamo se mo`e o~ekivati godi{nje dvostruko vi{e dana s padanjem snijega (oko 40) nego u priobalnom dijelu rije~kog podru~ja. Razlike se smanjuju s visinom pa na visinama od 500 do 1000 m Gorski kotar ima od 40% do 30% vi{e dana sa snijegom (42 do 54 dana), a od 1000 do 1500 m izme|u 20% i 15% (57 do 69 dana). Padanje snijega u priobalnom podru~ju ne predstavlja rizi~an faktor za odvijanje prometa kao {to je to na prijevojima i u njegovom planinskom zale|u, gdje je me|utim obilan snijeg povoljna klimatska osobitost za razvoj zimskog turizma.
Spatial distribution of the mean annual number of snowfall days in the Rijeka region
Mirta Patar~i}, Ksenija Zaninovi} Meteorological and Hydrological Service, Gri~ 3, 10000 Zagreb, Croatia patarcic≤cirus.dhz.hr
Spatial distribution of the mean annual number of snowfall days has been made for the road mainte- nance management.It has been shown that number of days with snowfall linearly increases with height. At the coast number of snowfall days increases 4 days per 100 m while in its hinterland changes are about 3 days per 100 m. For a particular height, number of snowfall days is the greatest in Gorski kotar. At heights between 400 and 500 m above sea level one can expect around 40 days with snowfall in Gorski kotar, while in inland of Istria at the same heights number of snowfall days is halved. Differences between two zones decrease with height. At heights from 500 to 1000 m number of snowfall days in Gorski kotar is 40% to 30% greater (42 to 54 days) and from 1000-1500 m about 20% to 15% (57 to 69 days).At the coast the number of snowfall days will not cause a lot of traffic troubles. Problems can appear on roads leading to the continental part. However, large snow amounts are favourable climate characteristics for winter tourism development.
(16) Meteorolo{ka mjerenja u snije`nici u gorskom kotaru
Dubravka Rasol, Kornelija [poler ^ani} Dr`avni hidrometeorolo{ki zavod, Gri~ 3, 10000 Zagreb, Hrvatska rasol≤cirus.dhz.hr
U ovome radu opisana su prva meteorolo{ka mjerenja u snije`nici, koja se nalazi u planinskom podru~ju zapadne Hrvatske - Gorskom kotaru. Cilj rada bio je odrediti osnovne meteorolo{ke karakteristike lokacije u ljetnom i zimskom periodu. Temperatura i relativna vla`nost zraka mjerene su na dnu i u blizini otvo- ra snije`nice. Uzeti su uzorci s razli~itih dubina snijega akumuliranog na dnu snije`nice kao i uzorci snijega u blizini njezinog otvora, te je napravljena njihova kemijska analiza. Promjene temperature i relativne vla`nosti zraka u blizini otvora snije`nice pokazale su uobi~ajene sezonske varijacije. Vrijednosti u snije`nici u ljetnom su periodu bile konstantne. Dok je u zimskom periodu primije}eno da temperature na dnu snije`nice prate promjene temperature u blizini otvora snije`nice. Izmjerene pH vrijednosti uzoraka otopljenog snijega nisu po- kazale naznake pove}ane kiselosti na promatranoj lokaciji. U budu}nosti bi trebalo provesti daljnja istra`ivanja i mjerenja u drugim snije`nicama tog podru~ja, kako bi se odredio op}i zna~aj dobivenih rezultata.
40 Meteorological measurements in a snow pit in the Gorski kotar region
Dubravka Rasol, Kornelija [poler ^ani} Meteorological and Hydrological Service, Gri~ 3, 10000 Zagreb, Croatia rasol≤cirus.dhz.hr
This paper outlines the first meteorological measurements taken from a snow pit in the Gorski kotar region, which is located in the mountainous western part of Croatia. The aim of the research was to determine the main meteorological characteristics of the location in the summer and in the winter period. Temperature and relative humidity were measured inside and in the vicinity of the snow pit. The samples from different depths of snow accumulated at the bottom of the pit as well as the samples of snow in vicinity of the pit were collected for chemical analysis. Changes in temperature and relative humidity in the vicinity of the snow pit showed typical seasonal variations. The values inside the pit during the summer period were constant. During the winter period, it was noticed that the values inside the pit followed the changes of the values in the vicinity of the pit. The pH measurements of the snow samples showed no indication of an increased acidity of snowmelt at the monitoring location. Further research in some other snow pits should be conducted in order to test the general relevance of the obtained results.
(17) Prognoza akcidenata one~i{}enja na rije~kom podru~ju pomo}u parametara stabilnostI
Amela Jeri~evi}, Kornelija [poler ]ani} Dr`avni hidrometeorolo{ki zavod, Gri~ 3, 10000 Zagreb, Hrvatska jericevic≤mail.dhz.hr
Pri odre|ivanju parametara stabilnosti za orografski slo`eno podru~je Rijeke, industrijski najrazvije- nije podru~je hrvatske obale, kori{ten je numeri~ki prognosti~ki model (NPM) ALADIN. Navedeni parametri uklju~uju stabilnost i visinu sloja mije{anja koji su ulazni podaci za Gaussovski disperzijski model kori{ten za prora~une koncentracija one~i{}iva~a. Analizirani akcident zbio se u Rijeci 3. velja~e 2002., kada se koncen- tracija SO2 pove}ala za 300% te je izmjerena srednja dnevna koncentracija iznosila 225.5 µg m-3. Tako visoka dnevna koncentracija zadr`ala se i sljede}a dva dana, a 4. velja~e 2002. gra|ani su upozoreni da zbog opasno- sti po zdravlje ne izlaze van. Rafinerija, kao i ostali industrijski izvori SO2 na tom podru~ju tvrdili su da u tom periodu nisu pove}ali svoje emisije, a promet je tako|er bio uobi~ajenog intenziteta. Obzirom na navedeno jedini mogu}i uzrok visokih koncentracija su specifi~ni meteorolo{ki uvjeti u tom periodu. U ovom radu poka- zana je mogu}nost predvi|anja takvih akcidenata one~i{}enja kori{tenjem NPM ALADIN. Tako|er je pokaza- na nepouzdanost modela u predvi|anju temperature na 2 m u danima s maglom ili rosuljom, a indicirana je i mogu}nost no}nog podcjenjivanja temperature na 2 m.
Pollution episodes prediction based on stability parameters in the Rijeka area
Amela Jeri~evi}, Kornelija [poler ]ani} Meteorological and Hydrological Service, Gri~ 3, 10000 Zagreb, Croatia jericevic≤mail.dhz.hr
The numerical weather prediction (NWP) model ALADIN was used to provide stability parameters on the complex orography of the Rijeka area, the most developed industrial part of the Croatian coast. The abo- ve mentioned parameters include stability and mixing height (MH), which are the input data in the Gaussian dispersion model used for pollutant concentrations calculations. A pollution episode occurred in Rijeka on 3 February 2002, when the concentration of SO2 increased by approximately 300%, reaching a measured avera- ge daily concentration of 225.5 µg m-3. As this high daily concentration continued over the following two days, the public was given a health warning on 4 February 2002 not to go outdoors. The refinery and other industrial sources of SO2 clamed that they had not increased their emissions in this period and the intensity of town traffic had also been average. Therefore, these higher concentrations are a likely consequence of specific meteorolo- gical conditions and the paper shows the predictability of such episodes using the NWP model ALADIN. Also, the model unreliability in surface temperature prediction relates to days with fog or mizzle and there is also an indication of night-time surface temperature underestimation.
41 (18) Usporedna mjerenja mehani~kim i radarskim mareografom u Bakru
Mirko Orli}, Miroslava Pasari}, Zoran Pasari} Geofizi~ki zavod «Andrija Mohorovi~i}», Prirodoslovno-matemati~ki fakultet, Sveu~ili{te u Zagrebu, Horvatovac bb, 10000 Zagreb orlic≤olimp.irb.hr
U razdoblju od 1. listopada 2004. do 28. velja~e 2006. vr{ena su istovremena mjerenja mehani~kim mareografom Ott (instaliranim 1979. godine) i radarskim mareografom Kalesto–Ott (instaliranim 2004. godine) na bakarskoj mareografskoj postaji koja je utemeljena 1929. godine. Usporedba satnih vrijednosti vodostaja pokazuje visoku korelaciju dvaju nizova (koeficijent korelacije ve}i od 0.99). No, regresijski koeficijenti pone{to se razlikuju od idealnih vrijednosti. Odsje~ak na ordinati iznosi 15.5 cm zbog razli~itog izbora mareografskih nula na dvije lokacije. Koeficijent smjera iznosi 1.02 {to je vjerojatno povezano s razli~itim niskopropusnim filtriranjem dvaju nizova. Ova analiza potvr|uje da treba na odgovaraju}i na~in rije{iti problem kalibracije radarskog mareografa. Me|utim, novi instrument ve} i sada silno pro{iruje mogu}nosti za istra`ivanje visoko- frekventnih oscilacija Bakarskog zaljeva. Tako, na primjer, analizirani vremenski niz minutnih vrijednosti vodo- staja pokazuje da se spomenute oscilacije javljaju na periodima od 26.7, 22.5 i 19.5 min, zatim na periodu od 7.8 min te na periodu od 4.3 min. Analiza u vremensko-frekvencijskoj domeni daje sasvim novi rezultat: omjer energija razli~itih oscilacija mijenja se od epizode do epizode, pa ~ak i unutar pojedinih epizoda.
Parallel measurements with the mechanical and radar tide gauges at Bakar
Mirko Orli}, Miroslava Pasari}, Zoran Pasari} Andrija Mohorovi~i} Geophysical Institute, Faculty of Science, University of Zagreb, Horvatovac bb, 10000 Zagreb, Croatia orlic≤olimp.irb.hr
Between 1 October 2004 and 28 February 2006 parallel measurements have been carried out using the mechanical tide gauge Ott (installed in 1979) and the radar tide gauge Kalesto-Ott (installed in 2004) at the Bakar tide gauge station, which had been founded in 1929. A comparison of hourly sea levels recorded by the two instruments has shown that they are highly correlated (with the correlation coefficient surpassing 0.99). The regression coefficients, however, depart somewhat from ideal values. The intercept amounts to1 5.5 cm, due to the tide gauge zero being differently defined at the two locations. The slope equals 1.02, which is most probably related to different low-pass filtering of the two series. The present analysis has confirmed that the problem of calibration of the radar tide gauge ought to be properly solved. However, the new instrument already proved to be extremely useful in the analysis of the high-frequency oscillations of Bakar Bay. Thus, for example, the analysis of sea levels recorded with one-minute sampling interval has revealed that the oscilla- tions occur at the periods equaling 26.7, 22.5 and 19.5 min, at the 7.8 min period and at the 4.3 min period. The analysis carried out in the time-frequency domain has pointed to a novel result: the ratio of energies of different oscillations varies from one episode to the other, or even during particular episodes.
(19) Vi{egodi{nje promjene dinamike sjevernog Jadrana
Nastjenjka Supi}*, Mirko Orli}** *Centar za istra`ivanje mora, Institut „Ru|er Bo{kovi}“, G. Paliaga 5, 52210 Rovinj, Hrvatska **Geofizi~ki zavod „Andrija Mohorovi~i}“, Prirodoslovno-matemati~ki fakultet, Sveu~ili{te u Zagrebu, Horvatovac bb, 10000 Zagreb, Hrvatska supic≤cim.irb.hr
Sjeverni Jadran je podru~je izrazito promjenjivih oceanografskih svojstava, ovisnih o protocima na granici atmosfera-more i o protocima rijeka, napose rijeke Po. Pokazano je da su geostrofi~ke struje, koje se ra~unaju iz prostornih polja temperature i saliniteta, dobra aproksimacija stvarnih struja u sjevernom Jadranu. Analiza postoje}ih oceanografskih podataka, ve}inom sakupljanih na profilu izme|u delte rijeke Po i Rovinja, a samo povremeno i na drugim profilima u sjevernom Jadranu, pokazuje da sustav cirkulacije sjevernog Jadrana mo`e biti “polu-zatvoren” (strujno polje je organizirano u nekoliko kru`nih tokova) i „otvoren“ (izmjena vode sa srednjim Jadranom je intenzivna). U ekosustavu sjevernog Jadrana povremeno se opa`aju poreme}aji, kao {to 42 je prekomjerno stvaranje ogromnih sluzavih nakupina (cvjetanje mora), odnosno pomor organizma u pridne- nom sloju uslijed znatnog smanjenja koncentracije kisika. Jedan od va`nijih uvjeta za nastanak ovih pojava je da sustav cirkulacije ostaje „polu-zatvoren“ dulje vrijeme od uobi~ajenog (kontinuirano vi{e mjeseci). Postoje}i podaci o geostrofi~kim strujama indiciraju da je u razdobljima kad su spomenute pojave opa`ene ovaj uvjet bio zadovoljen. U budu}im istra`ivanjima trebalo bi izraditi karte geostrofi~kog strujanja sjevernog Jadrana, i to na temelju ve} postoje}ih kao i na temelju planski sakupljenih podataka. Analizom dugoro~nih promjena povr{inskih i obalnih protoka mogli bi se definirati meteorolo{ki i hidrolo{ki uvjeti koji pogoduju stvaranju i odr`avanju „polu-zatvorenog“ odnosno „otvorenog“ sustava cirkulacije.
Long-term changes of the northern Adriatic dynamics
Nastjenjka Supi}*, Mirko Orli}** *Center for Marine Research, Rudjer Bo{kovi} Institute, G. Paliaga 5, 52210 Rovinj, Croatia **Andrija Mohorovi~i} Geophysical Institute, Faculty of Science, University of Zagreb, Horvatovac bb, 10000 Zagreb, Croatia supic≤cim.irb.hr
The northern Adriatic oceanographic conditions are highly variable and are dependant on the air-sea fluxes and the river outflows (among which the Po river outflow is the most important). Geostrophic currents, which are computed on the basis of temperature and salinity fields, turned out to provide a good information on circulation in the region. The analysis of existing data sets, collected mostly at the profile between Rovinj and Po river delta, and only occasionally at some other profiles, showed that circulation system of the nor- thern Adriatic can be „semi-enclosed“ (current fields consist of several circulation cells) or „open“ (there is an intense water exchange between the northern and central Adriatic). Undesirable phenomena, as massive mucilage events or death of benthic organisms due to significant oxygen decrease, occur from time to time in the ecosystem. These phenomena appear when circulation system of the region is „semi-enclosed” over a long time interval (several months in continuation). The existing geostrophic circulation fields indicate that this was the case in the intervals during which the undesirable phenomena occurred. In the future investigations charts of the northern Adriatic geostrophic circulation, based on existing and purposefully collected data, should be prepared. By analyzing long-term changes in the surface fluxes and the river discharge rates, meteorological and hydrologic conditions, which favor the appearance and persistence of „semi-enclosed“ or „open“ circula- tion system, could be defined.
(20) Harmoni~ka i spektralna analiza morskih struja u sjevernom dijelu Rije~kog zaljeva
Nenad Domijan, Hrvoje Mihanovi}, Nenad Leder, Zvonko Gr`eti} Hrvatski hidrografski institut, Zrinsko-Frankopanska 161, 21000 Split, Hrvatska nenad.domijan≤hhi.hr
Tijekom srpnja 1999. godine u sjevernom dijelu Rije~kog zaljeva mjerene su morske struje na dvije dubine (1 m i 41 m), kori{tenjem autonomnih strujomjera AANDERAA RCM-7. Cilj ovog istra`ivanja bio je odre|ivanje karakteristika strujnog polja malog akvatorija (oko 1 km2) ome|enog u {irem smislu rtom Podu- rinj s isto~ne strane i uvalom Perilo sa zapadne strane. Rezultati harmoni~ke i rotacijske spektralne analize mjerenih struja pokazuju da je strujanje uglavnom WNW smjera s oko 3 puta ve}im maksimumom strujanja u podpovr{inskom nego u pridnenom sloju. Zna~ajne energije oscilacija struja su zabilje`ene na dnevnom pli- mnom periodu s tendencijom ciklonalne rotacije. Sekundarni maksimumi energije su uo~eni na inercijalnom periodu (oko 17.2 sata) i poludnevnom plimnom periodu (oko 12 sati), s tendencijom anticiklonalne rotacije, {to je u skladu sa spoznajom o izlaznim pridnenim strujama iz Bakarskog zaljeva. Harmoni~ke komponente K1 i M2 morskih struja ukazuju da su struje morskih mijena slabog intenziteta u podpovr{inskom sloju, te jo{ sla- bije u pridnenom sloju. To navodi na zaklju~ak da su u ljetnjoj sezoni najve}e energije strujanja na periodima duljim od 24 sata.
43 Harmonic and spectral analysis of current measurements in the northern part of the Rijeka bay
Nenad Domijan, Hrvoje Mihanovi}, Nenad Leder, Zvonko Gr`eti} Hydrographic Institute of the Republic of Croatia, Zrinsko-Frankopanska 161, 21000 Split, Croatia nenad.domijan≤hhi.hr
During July 1999 sea currents were measured at two depths in northern part of the Rijeka Bay (1 m and 41 m), using autonomous AANDERAA RCM-7 current meters. The purpose of the experiment was to determi- ne characteristics of current field of a small region (around 1 km2), bounded by headland Podurinje from the east and inlet Perilo from the west. The results of harmonic and rotational spectral analysis showed that the currents were WNW directed, with three times larger speeds in subsurface layer than in the near bottom layer. Significant current oscillations were detected at diurnal tidal period, with tendency for counterclockwise rota- tion. Secondary energy maxima were observed at inertial period (around 17.2 h) and semidiurnal tidal period (around 12 h), with tendency for clockwise rotation. This is in agreement with previous knowledge about near bottom output currents of Bakar Bay. Harmonic constituents K1 and M2 showed that tidal currents were weak in the subsurface layer, and even weaker in the near bottom layer. This leads to the conclusion that during the summer season the most energetic current oscillations exist at periods longer than 24 h.
(21) Potresi u Istri i okolici
Davorka Herak, Marijan Herak Geofizi~ki odsjek Prirodoslovno-matemati~kg fakulteta, Horvatovac bb, 10000 Zagreb, Hrvatska herak≤irb.hr
Podru~je Istre geolo{ki pripada Jadranskoj karbonatnoj platformi (Adrijatiku). Okolica Istre, dakle oto- ci Krk, Cres, Lo{inj i Rab, tako|er pripadaju Adrijatiku, dok se sjeverno i isto~no od Istre i otoka nalaze Vanjski Dinaridi. Samo podru~je Istre nije seizmi~ki osobito aktivno. Najja~i i njabrojniji su potresi u dodirnoj zoni Ja- dranske karbonatne platforme i Vanjskih Dinarida, dakle izvan podru~ja Istre. Promatrali smo podru~je izme|u geografskih {irina 44.6-46.0N i geografskih duljina 13.0-15.0E. Slu`ili smo se podacima iz Kataloga potresa za Hrvatsku i susjedna podru~ja od pr. Kr. do danas (Herak i dr., 1996., dopunjenim do kraja 2005.). Najzna~ajnije epicentralno podru~je prote`e se od Senja do Idrije u Sloveniji, paralelno sa smjerom pru`anja jadranske obale. Potresi su u promatranom podru~ju plitki, sa `ari{tima u gornjoj kori. Prikazane su i osnove statisti~ke zna~ajke seizmi~nosti ovoga podru~ja.
Earthquakes in Istria and surroundings
Davorka Herak, Marijan Herak Department of Geophysics, Faculty of Science, Horvatovac bb, 10000 Zagreb, Croatia herak≤irb.hr
The region of Istria belongs to the Adriatic carbonate platform (Adriaticum). The neighbourhood of Istria (islands of Krk, Cres, Lo{inj and Rab) belong to the Adriaticum too. External Dinarides are situated to the north and east of Istria and the Kvarner islands. The area of Istria is not seismically very active. The strongest and most numerous earthquakes are in the contact region of Adriatic and External Dinarides, out of the Istria itself. We considered the area between 44.6-46.0N and 13.0-15.0E. The data on seismicity are taken from the re- vised Croatian Earthquake Catalogue (Herak et al., 1996) supplemented with the data for the years up to 2005. The most important epicentral region lies between Senj and Idrija (Slovenia). The seismicity in the considered region is shallow (as in the whole of Croatia), i.e. earthquakes are located within upper crust. We also present some basic statistical features of the seismicity in this region.
44 POLJE KEMIJE (TEME: KEMIJA ATMOSFERE, KEMIJA VODA, KEMIJA TLA) FIELD OF CHEMISTRY (TOPICS: CHEMISTRY OF ATMOSPHERE, CHEMISTRY OF WATERS, CHEMISTRY OF SOIL)
(22) Atmosfera i mi
Leo Klasinc Laboratorij za kemijsku kinetiku i atmosfersku kemiju, Zavod za fizi~ku kemiju, Institut “Ru|er Bo{kovi}”, Bijeni~ka cesta 54, 10002 Zagreb, Hrvatska klasinc≤irb.hr
Ve} se vi{e od 30 godina, dijelom i na rije~kom podru~ju, bavimo istra`ivanjem atmosfere, posebno fotooksidansima. Atmosferski problemi postaju posljednjih godina sve aktualniji, spomenimo ozonski sloj, glo- balno zatopljenje, kvalitetu zraka i rast oksidacijskog kapaciteta. Sve su ove pojave vezane za kvalitetu `ivota nas ljudi i vidljivih nam oblika `ivota, koji zavisimo o atmosferi od 4/5 du{ika i 1/5 kisika oko nas. Na tom kisiku koji je nastao tijekom povijesti Zemlje i njegovom kori{tenju za proizvodnju energije za `ivot temelji se njena va`nost za ~ovje~anstvo. Me|utim za ogromnu ve}inu `ivota na zemlji, a njihova je masa mnogostruko ve}a od onih kojima treba kisik, on je otrovan i smrtonosan. A taj je `ivot nastao uz pomo}, ili ~ak isklju~ivo, (zbog) jedne sasvim druga~ije atmosfere. Tek je nastali `ivot, otkriv{i fotosintezu uz kisik kao otpadni produkt promijenio njezin sastav, a ta promjena iz reduciraju}e u oksidiraju}u atmosferu dovela je do novih oblika `ivota na Zemlji. Njih je ta nova atmosfera nastankom ozonskog sloja i za{titila od ultraljubi~astog zra~enja i omogu}ila im `ivot na povr{ini. Kad danas govorimo o kvaliteti zraka mislimo pri tom na onaj sastav zraka koje smatramo najboljim za nas i one vrste koje smatramo va`nim. Eventualna promjena `ivota na Zemlji mo`da }e promijeniti i atmosfe- ru. Ili obrnuto. Velike kataklizme koje su postojale u pro{losti, a nisu nezamislive ni u budu}nosti mijenjale su i atmosferu i dovodile do izumiranja i do 90% `ivotnih oblika i pojave novih. Je li svaki takav doga|aj zna~io novi smjer u razvoju `ivota ili je taj razvoj nu`an i vodi do uvijek istih rje{enja od kojih smo jedno i mi?
Atmosphere and we
Leo Klasinc Laboratory for chemical kinetics and atmospheric chemistry, Division of Physical Chemistry, The “Ru|er Bo{kovi}” Institute, Bijeni~ka st 54, 10002 Zagreb, Croatia klasinc≤irb.hr
Over 30 years the Laboratory for chemical kinetics and atmospheric chemistry is involved in research of the atmosphere, particularly photooxidants, besides others, in the wider Rijeka area. The problems of the atmosphere gained attention recently, e.g. the ozone layer, global warming, air quality and gain of oxidative capacity. All these phenomena are connected to the life quality of the Earth population and other forms of life in the environment, dependent on the atmosphere surrounding us, containing 4/5 of nitrogen and 1/5 of oxygen, as it is today. The importance of the atmosphere is based on the oxygen produced during the Earth lifetime and the use of the oxygen in energy production. For the majority of living organism, the amount of which exceeds that dependent on, the oxygen is toxic and leads to death. And this form of life was formed by the means of, or exclusively completely different atmosphere. The newly formed life, with photosynthesis releasing oxygen as the by product, made changes in the atmosphere composition, turning its properties from reductive to oxidati- ve and leading to new forms of life on the Earth. With the formation of the ozone layer that protected the Earth from the harmful UV radiation, these new forms of living organisms were able to migrate to the surface. When speaking about air quality, it is understood that we are thinking about the atmosphere most appropriate for us and presently existing living organisms considered to be important. Possible change of life on the Earth could also cause the change of the atmosphere, or vice versa. Huge catastrophes in the past, but also possible in the future, caused the changes in the atmosphere with extinguishing of more than 90% of living organisms and appearance of new species. What was the meaning of such events, evaluatning to the new forms of life, or the evolution was essential and led always to the same solutions, one of which are we?
45 (23) Adsorpcija organskih kiselina na kovinske okside
Jelena Markovi}, @eljka Maji}, Tajana Preo~anin, Davor Kova~evi}, Nikola Kallay Fizi~ko-kemijski zavod, Kemijski odsjek, Prirodoslovno-matemati~ki fakultet, Sveu~ili{te u Zagrebu, Horvatovac 102a, 10000 Zagreb, Hrvatska tajana≤chem.pmf.hr
Adsorpcijski procesi u modelnim i prirodnim ekolo{kim sustavima predmet su brojnih i raznovr- snih istra`ivanja. Adsorpcije organskih kiselina na povr{ine kovinskih oksida predstavljaju realna zbivanja u okoli{u. Tla se uglavnom sastoje od ~estica kovinskih oksida, a neka zaga|enja tla uzrokovana su organskim ne~isto}ama. U ovom radu istra`it }e se adsorpcija organskih kiselina (salicilne, oksalne, limunske, mravlje, octene, ...) na povr{inu kovinskog oksida (hematita). U tu svrhu konstruirana je elektroda od kristala hematita i mjeren je povr{inski potencijal hematitne elektrode. Na povr{inski potencijal utje~e prisustvo iona vezanih uz povr{inu, u slu~aju kovinskih oksida to su vodikovi i hidroksilni ioni. Ovisnost povr{inskog potencijala kovin- skog oksida o pH otopine ovisi o omjeru pozitivnih i negativnih nabijenih skupina na povr{ini i o koncentraciji elektrolita. Negativni ioni organskih kiselina adsorbiraju se na pozitivno nabijenu povr{inu kovinskog oksi- da i mijenjaju povr{inski potencijal. Ispitan je utjecaj strukture organske kiseline, pH i ionske jakosti otopine na adsorpciju izabranih organskih kiselina na povr{inu hematita. Rezultati su obra|eni upotrebom modela povr{inskih reakcija i uspore|eni s rezultatima spektrometrijskih i elektrokineti~kih istra`ivanja.
Adsorption of small organic acid molecules on hematite
Jelena Markovi}, @eljka Maji}, Tajana Preo~anin, Davor Kova~evi}, Nikola Kallay Laboratory of Physical Chemistry, Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, University of Zagreb, Horvatovac 102a, 10000 Zagreb, Croatia tajana≤chem.pmf.hr
Adsorption processes in model and natural systems are subject of numerous various investigations. Adsorption of organic acids on metal oxide surfaces represents a real environmental process. The soil is pre- dominantly composed of metal oxide particles while pollution of the soil could be (and frequently is) caused by organic materials. The adsorption of small organic acid molecules (salicylic, oxalic, citric, formic, acidic, etc.) on hematite surface was investigated. For that purpose the single crystal hematite electrode was constructed and inner surface potential at hematite/aqueous electrolyte interface as a function of pH was measured. Mea- surements of surface potential enable evaluation of the ratio of surface concentrations of unassociated negative and positive surface species. This is important information because adsorption data provide only the differen- ces in their surface concentrations. Organic acid anions are bound to positive surface sites (acidic region, be- low the point of zero charge) and they affect the surface potential. The effects of structure of adsorbed ions, pH and ionic strength of electrolyte solution on adsorption of organic acids on hematite surface were examined. Results were interpreted by means of Surface Complexation Model and compared with the results obtained by spectrometric and electrokinetic measurements.
(24) Tragovi metala u morskoj vodi Luke Rijeka
Neven Cukrov, Dario Omanovi}, @eljko Kwokal Institut Ru|er Bo{kovi}, Zavod za istra`ivanje mora i okoli{a, Bijeni~ka 54, POB 180, 10002 Zagreb, Hrvatska cukrov≤irb.hr
Luka Rijeka je tipi~an primjer prepletanja difuznih i to~kastih izvora ekotoksi~nih metala. Smje{ten na obali velikog grada, akvatorij luke pod direktnim je utjecajem komunalnih i otpadnih voda grada i njegove industrije, a paralelno s time pod utjecajem je svakodnevnih lu~kih aktivnosti. Koncentracija metala u morskoj vodi je jedan od bitnih ~imbenika za kontrolu kvalitete vode. Neki metali (npr. Cd, Pb) su toksi~ni u vrlo niskim koncentracijama, dok su drugi (npr. Zn, Cu) u prirodnim koncentracijama esencijalni (neophodni za fiziolo{ke procese u organizmima), ali su u povi{enim koncentracijama tako|er vrlo toksi~ni. Uzorkovanje povr{inskog sloja morske vode iz akvatorija Luke Rijeka obavljeno je u ~etiri navrata tijekom 2003 i 2004 godine. Koncen- tracije metala su izmjerene voltametrijskom metodom visoke osjetljivosti i to~nosti. Izmjerene koncentracije 46 tragova metala u rasponu su: 700 – 20200 ngL-1 Zn, 7 – 129 ngL-1 Cd, 67 – 3370 ngL-1 Pb i 190 – 5720 ngL-1 Cu. Prema kriteriju koncentracija tragova metala, a sukladno Uredbi o klasifikaciji voda RH (NN 77/98), morska voda u akvatoriju Luke Rijeka svrstava se prete`no u I vrstu, uz djelomi~ni prelazak u II vrstu. Prema toj Uredbi morska voda nije pod zna~ajnim antropogenim utjecajem. Me|utim, usporedba s referentnim postajama izvan luke pokazala je i deseterostruko pove}anje koncentracija nekih metala. Uo~en je izra`eniji antropogeni utjecaj za vrijeme ki{nih dana.
Trace metals in seawater of Port of Rijeka
Neven Cukrov, Dario Omanovi}, @eljko Kwokal Rudjer Boskovic Institute, Division for marine and environmental research, Bijeni~ka 54, POB 180, 10002 Zagreb, Croatia cukrov≤irb.hr
The Port of Rijeka is a typical example of mixed diffuse and concentrated sources of ecotoxic metals. The Port of Rijeka is integrated in city of Rijeka with its (industry, waste and communal waters) and port activity influences. Trace metal concentrations in seawater are important parameter for control of the water quality. Some metals are toxic in very low concentrations, while others in natural concentrations are essential for phy- siological processes in living organisms. Water samples were taken from the water surface four times during 2003 and 2004. Trace metal concentrations were measured by voltammetry of high sensitivity and accuracy. Concentrations of trace metals are in the range: 700 – 20200 ngL-1 Zn, 7 – 129 ngL-1 Cd, 67 – 3370 ngL-1 Pb and 190 – 5720 ngL-1 Cu. Measured concentrations show that seawater of port of Rijeka belong mostly to the I category and partially to the II category with small anthropogenic influence (according to the national Regula- tion of water classification, OJ 77/98). However, comparing to concentrations of trace metals in samples taken outside of the port, significant anthropogenic influence is observed, especially during rainy seasons.
(25) One~i{}enje sedimenata priobalnog mora te{kim metalima iz protuobra{tajnih (antifouling) boja u Kvarnerskom zaljevu
Vladivoj Valkovi}*, Jasmina Obho|a{**, Mladen ^rnjar*** * A.C.T.,d.o.o., Prilesje 4, 10000 Zagreb, Hrvatska **Institut Ru|er Bo{kovi}, Bijeni~ka cesta 54, 10000 Zagreb, Hrvatska *** @upanijski zavod za odr`ivi razvoj i prostorno planiranje u Rijeci, Splitska 2/II, 51000 Rijeka, Hrvatska valkovic≤irb.hr
Pomorski transport dobara i ljudi uklju~uju}i i nauti~ki turizam, kao jedna od najbr`e rastu}ih aktivnosti u Kvarnerskom zaljevu zna~ajno konzumira njegov potencijal odr`ivog razvoja. Te{ki metali u protuobra{tajnim bojama kojima se premazuju brodovi za prijevoz dobara i ljudi kao i osobni brodovi, sna`no utje~u na bioraz- nolikost, zdravlje, vitalnost i produktivni kapacitet morskog ekosustava. Svrha ove studije bila je istra`ivanje di- stribucija koncentracija 20-tak kemijskih elemenata u sedimentima uzdu` obala kvarnerskog zaljeva i njegovih otoka, naro~ito u najizlo`enijim dijelovima zaljeva kao {to su marine, brodogradili{ta, luke i lu~ice u gradovima i naseljima gdje se brodovi servisiraju i premazuju. Koncentracije kemijskih elemenata analizirane su metodom fluorescencije x-zraka (EDXRF metodom). Prikazane su mape distribucije koncentracija za pojedine elemente. One ukazuju na stupanj i mogu}i izvor zaga|enja. Rezultati pokazuju da koncentracije toksi~nih elemenata Zn, Cu, As i Pb izmjerenih u sedimentima u blizini podru~ja servisiranja brodova odstupaju za nekoliko redova veli~ina od prirodnih vrijednosti. Na osnovu dobivenih rezultata mogu se predlo`iti mjere za{tite i sanacije za ugro`ena podru~ja. Jedna od nu`nih mjera je pro~i{}avanje otpadnih voda s podru~ja servisa marina i brodogradili{ta.
47 Coastal sea sediment contamination by heavy metals from antifouling paints in Kvarner Bay
Vladivoj Valkovi}*, Jasmina Obho|a{**, Mladen ^rnjar*** * A.C.T.,d.o.o., Prilesje 4, 10000 Zagreb, Hrvatska **Institute Ru|er Bo{kovi}, Bijeni~ka cesta 54, 10000 Zagreb, Croatia ***County Institute for Sustainable Development and Town and Country Planning, Splitska 2/II, 51000 Rijeka, Croatia valkovic≤irb.hr
Maritime transport of goods and people, including nautical tourism, is the most intensively growing activity in the Kvarner bay consuming considerable amounts of its marine resources. Heavy metals, which are present in the antifouling paints used by cargo, passenger and pleasure boats, strongly impact marine environment diversity, health and vitality of its ecosystem and its productive capacity. The purpose of the study was to investigate the distribution of some 20 chemical elements in sediments along the Kvarner bay coast and islands, especially in the most exposed regions, such as marinas, shipyards, small harbours in the villages, ports and other places where ship repairs and paintings are performed. The elemental concentrations were investigated by the use of energy dispersive X-ray fluorescence spectrometry (EDXRF). Contour maps for concentrations of individual chemical elements in the surface layer of sediments were produced indicating the level of sediment contamination from locations of potential pollution sources. Results showed that contents of the toxic elements Zn, Cu, As and Pb in sediments close to the service areas in marinas or shipyards were found to be several orders of magnitude greater than background values. The protection and remediation mea- sures could be proposed based on these results. The treatment of waste waters in service areas of marinas and shipyards is one such measure considered
(26) Tragovi metala u vodenom stupcu Urinjske {pilje
Marijana Cukrov*, Branko Jal`i}*, Dario Omanovi}**, Neven Cukrov** * Hrvatsko biospeleolo{ko dru{tvo, Demetrova 1, 10000 Zagreb, Hrvatska ** Institut Ru|er Bo{kovi}, Zavod za istra`ivanje mora i okoli{a, Bijeni~ka cesta 54, 10000 Zagreb, Hrvatska marijana.cukrov≤min-kulture.hr
Anhialina Urinjska {pilja smje{tena je nedaleko od morske obale ju`no od mjesta Urinj. U njoj je jezero sa slojem slatke vode na povr{ini, me|uslojem bo}ate vode te morskom vodom u najdubljem sloju. Koncentra- cija metala u tragovima u vodenom stupcu je bitan ~imbenik. Neki metali su toksi~ni u vrlo niskim koncentra- cijama, a neki su u prirodnim koncentracijama esencijalni, odnosno neophodni za fiziolo{ke procese u `ivim organizmima, te reguliraju mnoge biokemijske procese. Uzorkovanje vode iz {pilje obavljeno je metodom autonomnog ronjenja 20. prosinca 2005. godine, polietilenskim bocama volumena 0,25 L. Koncentracije metala u tragovima su izmjerene voltametrijskom metodom. Uzorkovana je voda s povr{ine te dubina od 2, 8 i 14 m. Vrijednosti saliniteta varirale su u rasponu od 2 do 38‰. Izmjerene koncentracije metala u tragovima varirale su u rasponu: Cd 9,71 – 20,94 ngL-1, Pb 147,10 – 458,20 ngL-1, Zn 1,59 – 2,65 mgL-1 i Cu 32,30 – 870,50 ngL-1. Izmjerene razine koncentracija Cd, Pb, Zn i Cu u Urinjskoj {pilji karakteristi~ne su za vrlo ~iste vode. Zbog blizi- ne naselja i industrijske zone {pilja je podlo`na antropogenom utjecaju, {to je bitno imati na umu kod planiranja zahvata koji mogu prouzro~iti poreme}aj i/ili nepovratno ugroziti ovaj osjetljivi ekolo{ki sustav s jedinstvenom faunom.
Trace metal in water column of Urinj cave
Marijana Cukrov1, Branko Jal`i}*, Dario Omanovi}**, Neven Cukrov** * Croatian Biospeleological Society, Demetrova 1, 10000 Zagreb, Croatia ** Rudjer Boskovic Institute, Division for marine and environmental research, Bijeni~ka 54, POB 180, 10002 Zagreb, Croatia marijana.cukrov≤min-kulture.hr
Anchialine Urinj cave is situated near the Adriatic coast southern of Urinj. There is a lake with fresh water on the surface, brackish water in the middle layer and salt water in the bottom layer. Trace metal con- centrations in the water column are an important parameter. Some metals are toxic in very low concentrations while others in natural concentrations are essential for physiological processes in living organisms. Water 48 samples were collected from surface, 2, 8 and 14 m depth with polyethylene bottles (0.25 L) by scuba diving, on 20 December 2005. Trace metal concentrations were measured by voltammetry method. The salinity varies from 2 to 38 psu. The concentrations of trace metals vary in range: Cd 9.71 – 20.94 ngL-1, Pb 147.10 – 458.20 ngL-1, Zn 1.59 – 2.65 mgL-1 and Cu 32.30 – 870.50 ngL-1. Measured concentrations of Cd, Pb, Zn and Cu in the water from Urinj cave are characteristic for clean nature water. This cave is liable to anthropogenic influence because it is situated near the urban and industrial zone. Even small action can cause damage and destroy this unique ecosystem.
(27) Epizoda “`ute ki{e” 12. travnja 2002. na podru~ju Primorsko-goranske @upanije
Ana Alebi}-Jureti} Nastavni Zavod za javno zdravstvo Primorsko-gornske `upanije, Kre{imirova 52a 51000 Rijeka, Hrvatska ana.alebic≤zzjzpgz.hr
Dana 12.04.2002. na podru~ju sjevernog Jadrana i Gorskog kotara evidentirana je pojava tzv. “`ute ki{e”. Zbog jakog talo`enja krutih ~estica koje su znatno utjecale na rezultat, uzorci ukupne talo`ne tvari izuzeti su iz godi{nje obrade. U radu je dana analiza tih “odba~enih “ rezultata te je na osnovu dobivenih podataka prera~unato talo`enje pijeska na podru~ju Primorsko-goranske `upanije, kao i istalo`enih metala, sulfata, nitra- ta i amonijuma. Prora~unom je dobiveno da je na podru~ju `upanije istalo`eno 10 987 t pijeska, od ~ega 432 t `eljeza, 7,9 t cinka te oko 1.7 t bakra i olova. Ovim ki{ama visokog pH i alkaliteta istalo`eno je i 2,1 t kacija, 1,2 t sulfata te 206 kg nitrata, 156 kg amonijma i 478 kg klorida. Istaknuta je va`nost unosa tolike koli~ine metala i minerala u kopnene i vodene ekosisteme Sredozemlja.
“Yellow rain” episode on april 12th 2002 in the Coastal-montaneous county area
Ana Alebi}-Jureti} Teaching Institute of Public Health, Kre{imirova 52a, 51000 Rijeka, Croatia ana.alebic≤zzjzpgz.hr
On April 12th, 2002, the Northern Adriatic and neighbouring mountain area were affected by the ”yellow rain” episode that brought Saharan sand in these areas. Due to high deposition of sand that affected the overall results, the dustfall samples from April were excluded from statistical analysis in annual report. Based on these discarded results, the total amount of Saharan sand, as well as metals and minerals deposited on the County area were calculated. The total amount of Saharan sand deposited was estimated to 10 987 t, containing 432 t of iron, 7.9 t of zinc and approx. 1.7 t of copper and lead. Furthermore, calcium deposition was calculated to 2.1 t, that of sulphate to 1.2 t, while the amounts of ammonium, nitrate and chloride depositions were calculated to 206 kg,156 kg and 478 kg respectively. Such a high input of metals and minerals into aquatic and terrestrial ecosystems in the Mediterranean region should be considered in dealing with global changes.
(28) Sadr`aj olova, kadmija, arsena i `ive u morskim organizmima i morskim sedimentima Kvarnerskog zaljeva
Branka Me|ugorac, Du{anka ]uzela, Mirjana Kra{ Nastavni zavod za javno zdravstvo primorsko-`upanije, Kre{imirova 52a, 51000 Rijeka, Hrvatska branka.medugorac≤ri.htnet.hr
Olovo, kadmij, arsen i `iva su neesencijalni elementi u morskom okoli{u. U morskim sedimentima i obalnim podru~jima blizu izvora zaga|enja, koncentracija tih potencijalno toksi~nih metala je mnogo vi{a nego u oceanima. U morskim organizmima rasprostranjeni su kao organski i anorganski spojevi razli~ite toksi~nosti. Kvarnerski zaljev je jedno od ja~e industrijaliziranih podru~ja isto~ne obale Jadrana.Cilj rada bio je utvrditi mogu}u korelaciju izme|u koncentracije toksi~nih metala u organizmima i morskom sedimentu. Pb, Cd, As su odre|eni tehnikom GFAAS, uz modifikatore matriksa, dok je sadr`aj ukupne `ive u morskim organizmima odre|en je tehnikom hladnih para, a u morskom sedimentu FIMS tehnikom. Obje vrste uzoraka razarani su s nitratnom kiselinom u mikrovalnoj pe}nici.. Kori{teni su referentni materijali, IAEA-407 (Elementi u tragovima i 49 metil `iva u tkivu ribe) i IAEA 433 (Elementi u tragovima i `iva u uzorku morskog sedimenta). Analiti~ki rezultati ukazuju da uzorci morskih organizama, uzorkovanih na ribarnici, sadr`e zna~ajan sadr`aj ukupnog arsena, dok je sadr`aj `ive, olova i kadmija zna~ajno ni`i od maksimalno dozvoljenih koncentracija. Koncentracije metala u morskim sedimentima ovise o udaljenosti od izvora zaga|enja. Nije uo~ena povezanost izme|u koncentracije toksi~nih metala u morskim organizmima i uzorcima sedimenta.
The contents of lead, cadmium, arsenic and mercury in marine organisms and marine sediments in Kvarner bay
Branka Medugorac, Dusanka Cuzela, Mirjana Kras Institution of Public Health, Kresimirova 52a, 51000 Rijeka, Croatia branka.medugorac≤ri.htnet.hr
Lead, cadmium, arsenic and mercury are nonessential microelements in the marine environment, where they are widely distributed as various inorganic and organic compounds of different toxicity to aquatic organisms. In marine sediments in coastal areas near polluting sources, the concentration of those potentially toxic metals is far higher than in ocean waters. The Kvarner Bay is one of the most heavily industrialized regions of the eastern Adriatic coast and the aim was to observe possible correlation between the concentration of toxic metals in marine animals and the concentrations in sediments. Pb, Cd, As were determined with GFAAS technic, using matrix modifiers. The contents of total mercury in marine organisms were determined by Cold Vapour technique, while the contents of mercury in marine sediments were determined and FIMS technique, after digestion of samples with nitric acid in microwave oven. Reference materials IAEA-407 ( Trace elements and methylmercury in fish tissue) and IAEA-433 (Trace elements and mercury in marine sediment sample) were used. Analyses indicated that some samples of marine bentic animals taken from the local fishmarket, contained notable concentration of total arsenic, while mercury, lead and cadmium concentrations were sub- staintialy lower than the regulation limits. Concentrations of trace elements in marine organisms largely depend on geocemical factors, size and species differences. The level of Pb and Cd in marine sediments depends of the distance from the pollution sources. In general no relationship was observed between the concentration of trace elements amnalysed in marine organisms and the samples of sediments.
(29) Policikli~ki aromatski ugljikovodici u sedimentu Rije~kog zaljeva
Ana Alebi}-Jureti} Nastavni Zavod za javno zdravstvo, Kre{imirova 52a, 51000 Rijeka, Hrvatska ana.alebic≤zzjzpgz.hr
Odre|ivanje PAU u morskom sedimentu na podru~ju Rije~kog zaljeva zapo~elo je 1998. na tri postaje na podru~ju postrojenja INA rafinerije Urinj, da bi se1 999. god ta mjerenja pro{irila i na tri postaje na podru~ju utjecaja brodogradili{ta «V. Lenac» u Martin{}ici. Kao kontrolna to~ka uzeto je podru~je uvale Sve`anj u Ko- streni, koja se nalazi izme|u te dvije radne zone. Odre|ivanje PAU vr{ilo se HPLC tehnikom s UV detektorom nakon ekstrakcije uzoraka suhog sedimenta u cikloheksanu te pro~i{}avanja ekstrakta stupnom kromatogra- fijom na silikagelu π1∫. Nakon uo~ene interferencije sumpora, ovaj je najprije uklanjan elementarnom `ivom u pro~i{}enom ekstraktu, a nakon toga ekstrahiranjem uzorka sedimenta u cikloheksanu uz elementarni bakar. Prosje~ne vrijednosti ukupnih PAU na podru~ju rafinerije u Urinju iznose: 294 mg/kg S.T. na postaji Tankerski vez, 854 mg/kg S.T. kod Centralnog ure|aja za pro~i{}avanje otpadnih voda te 1045 S.T. mg/kg u Bakru. Na prve dvije postaje koli~ina ukupnih PAU u razini je vrijednosti {to su sredinom devedesetih dobivene u mor- skom sedimentu u blizini rafinerije nafte blizu Venecije π2∫. Na podru~ju brodogradili{ta «V. Lenac» koli~ine ukupnih PAU su vi{e: 3169 mg/kg S.T. zapadno od uvale, 4645 mg/kg S.T. na izlazu, te 6732 mg/kg S.T. na udaljenosti cca 100 m od izlaza iz uvale Martin{}ica. Na postaji Sve`anj prosje~na vrijednost ukupnih PAU iznosi 735 mg/kg S.T., te se mo`e smatrati referentnom za podru~je Martin{}ice.
50 Polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons in marine sediment from the Rijeka bay
Ana Alebi}-Jureti} Teaching Institute of Public Health, Kre{imirova 52a, 51000 Rijeka, Croatia ana.alebic≤zzjzpgz.hr
The first analyses of PAHs in marine sediments within the Rijeka Bay started in 1998 with three sam- pling spots located within the petroleum refinery area. These measurements were extended in 1999 to three more sampling spots located within and/or in front of the repair shipyard in the Martin{}ica cove. The area of Sve`anj inlet located between these two industrial facilities was taken as a control spot. Subsequent to the extraction of dried sample and purification of the cyclohexane extract on silica-gel coloumn, HPLC with UV detector was used for individual PAHs determination π1∫. The elemental sulphur interferring the HPLC analysis was initially removed from the purified organic extract by mercury, and subsequently using elemental copper during the organic exrtraction of the sample. The mean values of total PAHs obtained in the refinery area are: 294 mg/kg D.W. at tanker berth spot, 854 mg/kg D.W.at central wastewater treatment plant, and 1045 mg/kg D.W. at the Bakar port area. The amount of PAHs found at the first two spots are within the values of PAHs re- ported for the marine sediments from the petroleum refinery close to Venice, Italy π2∫. Higher amounts of total PAHs were found in the marine sediments from the shipyard area: 3169 mg/kg D.W.westerly from the cove, 4645 mg/kg D.W.at the cove exit and 6732 mg/kg D.W.. approx 100 m away from the Martin{}ica cove exit. The mean value of total PAHs from the Sve`anj inlet is found to be 735 mg/kg D.W., and could be regarded as the control spot only for the shipyard area.
(30) Utjecaj policikli~kih aromatskih ugljikovodika na toksi~nost morske vode, sedimenta i dagnji Mytilus galloprovincialis Lam. Rije~kog zaljeva
Vanda Pi{kur Zavod za javno zdravstvo Primorsko –goranske `upanije, Kre{imirova 52A, 51000 Rijeka, Hrvatska vanda_piskur≤yahoo.com
U ovom radu po prvi put su opisani sadr`aj, raspodijela i porijeklo PAU-a u morskoj vodi, sedimentu i dagnjama Rije~kog zaljeva te uspore|eni sa potencijalnom toksi~no{}u istih i fiziolo{kim stanjem dagnji mje- renim kao „pre`ivljavanje na zraku”. Morska voda na istra`ivanim postajama se mo`e okarakterizirati kao sre- dnje optere}ena, sediment srednje do jako optere}en, a dagnje kao srednje optere}ene s PAU-ima ve}inom piroliti~kog i mije{anog porijekla, izuzev u sedimentu na postaji Centralni ure|aj za obradu otpadnih voda (CU) gdje su PAU-i petrogenog porijekla. Najve}a potencijalna toksi~nost zabilje`ena je u morskoj vodi na postaji u Bakru (BK), u sedimentu na postaji Volosko (VO) i u dagnjama na postaji u Mo{}eni~koj Dragi (MD). Specifi~ni odnos izme|u uzoraka morske vode, sedimenta i dagnji za svaku od postaja nije utvr|en. Ustano- vljena je pozitivna linearna korelacija izme|u sadr`aja PAU-a i toksi~nosti uzoraka morske vode i sedimenta. Na postajama Mo{}eni~ka Draga (MD) i Volosko karakteriziranim s najvi{im sadr`ajem PAU-a i toksi~nosti sedimenta dagnje su najslabijeg fiziolo{kog stanja. Ustanovljen je visoki stupanj korelacije izme|u toksi~nosti dagnji i testa „pre`ivljavanja na zraku”. Na temelju svih parametara postaje se mogu podijeliti u dvije grupe, kao manje optere}ene postaje Centralni ure|aj za obradu otpadnih voda (CU), Tankerski vez (TV) i uvala Sve`anj (SV) te vi{e optere}ene postaje Volosko (VO) i Mo{}eni~ka Draga (MD). Izdvaja se postaja Bakar (BK) s visokim sadr`ajem PAU-a u morskoj vodi i sedimentu, ali s niskim sadr`ajem PAU-a u dagnjama i njihovim relativno dobrim fiziolo{kim stanjem.
51 The influence of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons to the toxicity of sea water, sediments and mussels Mytilus galloprovincialis Lam. of Rijeka bay
Vanda Pi{kur Insitute of Public Health of Primorsko-goranska county, Kre{imirova 52A, 51000 Rijeka, Croatia vanda_piskur≤yahoo.com
For the first time the content, distribution and source of PAHs in the sea water, sediments and mussels Mytilus galloprovincialis of Rijeka Bay have been disscused and compared with theirs toxicity and physiolo- gical state of mussels which is measured as “survival in air”. On the investigated stations sea water is cha- racterised as middle charged, sediments from middle to high charged, and mussels as middle charged with pyrolytic and both pyrolytic and petrogenic PAHs. The highest potential toxicity is pointed out in sea water from station Bakar (BK), in sediments from station Volosko (VO) and in mussels from station Mo{}eni~ka Draga (MD). The specific relationship between samples of sea water, sediments and mussels for each station is not affirmed. The positive linear correlation is maintained between the content of PAHs and toxicity of sea water and sediments samples. On the stations Volosko (VO) and Mo{}eni~ka Draga (MD), characterised with the highest content of PAHs and the toxicity of sediment, the mussels are in the lowest physiological state. The high correlation is noted between the toxicity of mussels and results of “survival in air” test. With all the parameters included the stations are divided in two groups: the less charged stations like Centralni ure|aj (CU), Tankerski vez (TV) and Sve`anj (SV) and the high charged stations like Volosko (VO) and Mo{}eni~ka Draga (MD). The exception is station Bakar (BK) with the high content of PAHs in the sea water and sediment, but with the low content of PAHs in mussels and their quite good physiological state.
52 POLJE GEOLOGIJE (TEME: GEOLOGIJA, PALEONTOLOGIJA,MINERALOGIJA) FIELD OF GEOLOGY (TOPICS: GEOLOGY, PALEONTOLOGY, MINERALOGY)
(31) Obale i morsko dno sjevernog Jadrana
Mladen Jura~i} Geolo{ki odsjek, Prirodoslovno,-matemati~ki fakultet, Sveu~ili{te u Zagrebu, Horvatovac 102-a, 10000 Zagreb, Hrvatska mjuracic≤geol.pmf.hr
Zapadne i isto~ne obale sjevernog Jadrana bitno se razlikuju. Na zapadnoj i sjeverozapadnoj strani (zapadno od u{}a So~e do Ancone) nalazimo prete`no akumulacijske obale razvijene u recentnom terigenom klasi~nom materijalu, dok na isto~noj strani prevladavaju erozijske obala razvijene prete`no u starijim kar- bonatnim stijenama (Istra i Kvarnersko podru~je do Zadra). Isto tako, morfologija dna i tipovi sedimenata na morskome dnu znatno se razlikuju ispred jedne i druge obale. Sjeverno od spojnice Ancona-Zadar u podru~ju otvorenog mora dubine ne prelaze 80 m, morsko dno je vrlo zaravnjeno i blagog nagib, te postoji relativno pravilni niz izmjene sedimenata od obale prema otvorenom moru. Kanalsko podru~je sjevernog Jadrana vrlo je specifi~no, vrlo su izra`ene razlike u dubinama, te su relativno ~este dubine preko1 00 m (do 125 m). Znatni dio morskoga dna nije pokriven sedimentom ve} su izlo`ene starije stijene, ali u nekim depresijama (Rije~ki zaljev) postoje i znatne akumulacije sitnozrnatog recentnog do subrecentnog sedimenta.
Coasts and the sea floor of the northern Adriatic
Mladen Jura~i} Department of Geology, Faculty of Science, University of Zagreb, Horvatovac 102-a, 10000 Zagreb, Croatia mjuracic≤geol.pmf.hr
Coasts and the sea floor of the northern AdriaticWestern and eastern coast of the northern Adriatic are substantially different. Along the western and north-western side (west from Isonzo River mouth) prevail accumulation type of the coast, developed in recent clastic terrigenous material, whereas along the eastern side (Istria, Kvarner area up to Zadar) erosional type of the coast developed in older carbonate rocks prevails. Likewise, sea-bottom morphology, and sediment type significantly differ offshore of these coasts. Northern from the Ancona – Zadar joint line, in the open part, water depth does not exceed 80 m, sea bottom is very flat, with gentle gradient, and there is a relatively regular change in sediment types from the shore towards the open sea. The channel area of the northern Adriatic is quite specific, with substantial changes in water depth, and depths over 100 m (up to 125 m) are common. Large part of the bottom is devoid of sediment cover, but in some depressions (Rijeka Bay), large accumulation of fine-grained recent and subrecent sediment is found.
(32) Te{ki metali i elementi u tragovima u tlima i jezerskim sedimentima podru~ja Kvarnera i Gorskog kotara
Slobodan Miko*, Sa{a Mesi}*, Martina [parica Miko*, Esad Prohi}** *Hrvatski geolo{ki institut, Sachsova 2,10000 Zagreb, Hrvatska **Prirodoslovno matemati~ki fakultet, Geolo{ki odsjek, Horvatovac bb, 10000 Zagreb, Hrvatska smiko≤hgi-cgs.hr
Na {irem rije~kom podru~ju u svrhu pra}enja povijesti talo`enja te{kih kovina analizirane su jezgre iz Vranskog jezera na Cresu, Lokvarske akumulacije i profila tla iz ponikva. Multi-elementne analize centimetar- skih intervala datiranih sedimenata i tala upotrebljene su za procjenu unosa te{kih kovina kao Pb, Zn, Cu ali i 53 geogenih elemenata kao {to su Sc i rijetke zemlje, a pomo}u kojih je bilo mogu}e normalizacijskim tehnikama utvrditi faktore oboga}enja tokom starijeg holocena. Sedimenti iz Lokvarkskog jezera poslu`ili su za procjenu okoli{nih promjena u Gorskom kotaru tokom posljednjih 50 godina. U njima se nastojalo razlu~iti atmosfersko talo`enje metala od doprinosa eksploatacije barita u slivu a koje se o~ituje u trendovima koncentracija Ba, S, Sr, Ag i Cu. Analize koncentracija Pb i izotopnih omjera u profila tla iz vrta~a pokazuju da se antropogeni utjecaji mogu na}i i na dubinama od 60 cm. U datiranoj jezgri iz Vranskog jezera utvr|ene su promjene izotopnog sa- stava 206Pb/207Pb od geogenog 1.24 prema omjeru 1.17 modernih aerosolova. Utvr|eno je na temelju geoke- mijskih analiza i analiza izotopa olova da jezerski sedimenti Vranskog jezera i tla ponikva na rije~kom prostoru sadr`e tipi~ni kontinuirani zapis atmosferskog antropogenog optere}enja sjeverne hemisfere kao posljedice ljudske aktivnosti tokom posljednja tri milenija.
Heavy metals and trace elements in soils and sediments of the Kvarner and Gorski kotar region
Slobodan Miko*, Sa{a Mesi}*, Martina [parica Miko*, Esad Prohi}** * Croatian geological survey, Sachsova 2, 10000, Zagreb, Croatia, **University of Zagreb, Department of Geology, Horvatovac bb, 10000, Zagreb, Croatia smiko≤hgi-cgs.hr
To trace the history of anthropogenic, atmospheric heavy metal pollution, analysis of cores from lake Vrana on Cres Island, the Lokvarka lake and soils from sinkholes in Gorski kotar region. Multi-element analysis of sampled cores was used for the determination of both potential metal pollutants such as Pb, Zn and Cu, and geogenih elements such as Sc and REE (which are derived from catchment rock and soil surfaces) and which allow for the calculation of enrichment factors and the recognition of increases in pollution. The sediment core from Lokvarka lake was used to investigate the changes in environmental geochemical conditions in the past 50 years. The peak and termination of barite mining is indicated by concentration trends in S, Ba, Sr, Ag and Cu. The soil data indicates that area affected heavy metal pollution covers most of the mountain karst region. A 80 cm long core from lake Vrana shows a 206Pb/207Pb ratio decline from 1.24 to 1.17 in the upward direction, reflecting the low ratio in modem aerosols. The sediment cores and soils from sinkholes contain a continuous history both background anthropogenic inputs as reflected by Zn/Sc, Pb/Sc and 206Pb/207Pb ratios, which correspond to hemispheric contamination observed in the past three millennia.
(33) Procjena rizika zakiseljavanja atmosferskim putem u Primorsko–goranskoj `upaniji na temelju geokemijskog kartiranja
Dragan Bukovec*, Slobodan Miko**, Vlado Ku{an***, Oleg Antoni}*, Zoran Peh**, Sa{a Mesi}**, Renata Pernar*****, Martina [parica Miko** *Hrvatski prirodoslovni muzej, Demetrova 1, 10000 Zagreb, Hrvatska **Institut za geolo{ka istra`ivanja, Sachsova 2, 10000 Zagreb, Hrvatska ***OIKON d.o.o – Institut za primjenjenu ekologiju, Prekratova 20, 10000 Zagreb, Hrvatska ****Institut Ru|er Bo{kovi}, Bijeni~ka 54, 10000 Zagreb, Hrvatska *****[umarski fakultet, Sveu~ili{te u Zagrebu, Sveto{imunska 25, 10000 Zagreb, Hrvatska bukovec≤hpm.hr
Za vrijeme izrade geokemijske karte Republike Hrvatske, prikupljeno je 1550 uzoraka tala u pravilnoj mre`i 5 x 5 kilometara na kr{kom prostoru. Ukupno je analizirano 35 kemijskih elemenata, a dio istra`ivanja koji se odnosi na podru~ju Primorsko-goranske `upanije temelji se na analizi ukupno 152 lokaliteta. Procjena rizika zakiseljavanja atmosferskim putem ~ijom je indirektno je na~injen na temelju elemenata indikatora Pb (kiselo talo`enje) i Sc (konzervativni geogeni element). Koncentracije Pb u tlima standardizirane na Sc kako bi se smanjila varijabilnost Pb uslijed geogenih procesa. Izra~unom omjera Pb/Sc dobivenog tijekom osnov- nog geokemijskog kartiranja povr{inskog dijela profila tala procijenjen je prostorni rizik talo`enja kiselih tvari u geomorfolo{ki vrlo razli~itim podru~jima. Empirijski model koji se temelji na neuronskoj mre`i povezao je koli~inu atmosferom donesenog olova, veli~inu i tip {umskog pokriva~a, digitalni visinski model sa izvedeni- cama i srednju godi{nju koli~inu oborina. Za izradu modela (razlu~ivost 300 x 300 metara) kori{ten je statisti~ki program Neuralne mre`e, a kona~ni prostorni prikaz poslu`io program ARCINFO. Korelacija modela bila je vrlo visoka (R>0,85). Predo~eni model, koji povezuje geokemiju tala sa stupnjem o{te}enja {uma, predstavlja prikladno sredstvo za procjenu rizika zakiseljavanja povr{ina atmosferskim putem.
54 Evaluation of acidification risk in the Primorsko-goranska county based on geochemical mapping
Dragan Bukovec*, Slobodan Miko**, Vlado Ku{an***, Oleg Antoni}****, Zoran Peh**, Sa{a Mesi}**, Renata Pernar*****, Martina [parica Miko** *Croatian Natural History Museum, Demetrova 1, 10000 Zagreb, Croatia **Croatian geological survey, Sachsova 2, 10000 Zagreb, Croatia ***OIKON Ltd Institute for applied ecology, Prekratova 20, 10000 Zagreb, Croatia ****Institute Ru|er Bo{kovi}, Bijeni~ka 54, 10000 Zagreb, Croatia *****Faculty of Forestry, University Of Zagreb, Sveto{imunska 25, 10000 Zagreb, Croatia bukovec≤hpm.hr
With the application of the Pb/Sc ratio obtained during the geochemical baseline mapping (5x5 km grid) of the topsoil cover in the Croatian karst at 1550 sampling sites, the spatial risk of acid deposition in areas of high geomorphic variability was evaluated. During the geochemical mapping program a total of 35 elements were analysed. The area of the Primorsko goranska county was covered with 152 sampling sites which were used to for calculation of acidification risk. The empirical model built on the neural networks (resolution of 300 x 300 m) related the amount of atmospherically introduced Pb (calculated from the Pb/Sc normalization variable which separates the anthropogenically introduced Pb from lithogenic lead), extent and type of forest cover, digital elevation model with its variations as well as the mean annual precipitation (modelled with AR- CINFO). The correlation model was very high (R>0.85). The presented model, which links soil geochemistry with precipitation and degree of forest damage, was found to be an suitable tool for evaluation of the spatial acidification risk.
(34) Sedimenti Rje~ine (Hrvatska) od kaptiranog izvora do zaga|ene prodelte
Stanislav Fran~i{kovi}-Bilinski*, Mladen Jura~i}**, Darko Tiblja{** *Institut Ru|er Bo{kovi}, Zavod za fizi~ku kemiju, Bijeni~ka cesta 54, P.O.Box 180, 10000 Zagreb, Hrvatska **Geolo{ki odsjek, Prirodoslovno,-matemati~ki fakultet, Sveu~ili{te u Zagrebu, Horvatovac 102-a, 10000 Zagreb, Hrvatska francis≤rudjer.irb.hr
Povr{inski sedimenti (frakcije <63 μm) od izvora do prodelte Rje~ine (Hrvatska), kratke kr{ke alogene rijeke (18,3 km), koja je va`an izvor pitke vode, bili su prou~avani da bi se istra`ile promjene u njihovom mi- neralnom (XRD) i kemijskom (ICP-MS) sastavu, kako bi se ilustrirao antropogeni utjecaj u donjem toku usljed industrije papira i mlinova, a u prodelti od nepro~i{}avanog izljeva gradske kanalizacije i velike luke u Rijeci. U svim analiziranim uzorcima sedimenata i u izvori{noj stijeni kvarc je glavni mineral, dok su feldspati i minerali iz grupe tinjaca manje prisutni. Klorit je minorni, ili mineral u tragovima u svim uzorcima. Kalcit i dolomit su za- stupljeni u prodelti, gdje reflektiraju promjene u litologiji podloge od fli{a do karbonata. Od glavnih elemenata Fe je najzastupljeniji element u rje~nim sedimentima, a Ca u sedimentima prodelte. Koncentracije Al, Mn, Ni, Cr, Co, La i Nd smanjuju se nizvodno, dok se Mg, S, Na, B, Pb, Zn, As, Sn, U, Mo, Hg i Ag akumuliraju u sedi- mentima prodelte. Rezultati su uspore|eni sa sedimentima rijeka Ri`ane i Dragonje, koje se koriste kao izvor pitke vode za jugozapadnu Sloveniju, a tako|er su uspore|eni sa zaga|enim sedimentima rijeka Idrijce i So~e (Slovenija). Me|u istra`ivanim elementima, As je prisutan u svim sedimentima u koncentracijama >6 ppm, {to uzrokuje najni`e toksi~ne efekte. U donjem toku Rje~ine i u prodelti Pb je prisutan u koncentracijama >31 ppm, {to mo`e uzrokovati najni`e toksi~ne efekte. Koncentracije Zn u prodelti odgovaraju karakteristi~nima za umjereno zaga|ene sedimente (90-200 ppm). U prodelti Hg je neznatno ispod praga toksi~nosti (1 ppm), dok je Ag prisutno na pragu toksi~nosti (0,5 ppm) ili blizu njega.
55 Rje~ina river sediments (Croatia) from captured spring to polluted prodelta
Stanislav Fran~i{kovi}-Bilinski*, Mladen Jura~i}**, Darko Tiblja{** *Institute “Ru|er Bo{kovi}”, Division of Physical Chemistry, Bijeni~ka cesta 54, P.O.Box 180, 10000 Zagreb, Croatia **Department of Geology, Faculty of Science, University of Zagreb, Horvatovac 102-a, 10000 Zagreb, Croatia francis≤rudjer.irb.hr
Surface sediments (fraction <63 μm) from source to the mouth prodelta of Rje~ina River (Croatia), a short karst alogene river (18.3 km), which is an important source of drinking water, were studied to investigate changes in their mineral (by XRD) and chemical (by ICP-MS) composition in order to illustrate an anthropo- genic influence at the lower course due to paper industry and mills, and in prodelta from untreated municipal sewage and large harbor of town Rijeka. In all analysed sediment samples and in the source rock quartz is a major mineral, while feldspar and mica group minerals are less abundant. Chlorite is a minor or trace mineral in all samples. Calcite and dolomite are abundant in the river prodelta, reflecting changes in bedrock lithology from flysch to carbonates. Among major elements Fe is the most abundant element in river sediments, and Ca in prodelta sediments. Concentrations of Al, Mn, Ni, Cr, Co, La and Nd decrease downstream, while Mg, S, Na, B, Pb, Zn, As, Sn, U, Mo, Hg and Ag accumulate in prodelta sediments. The results are compared with se- diments of Ri`ana and Dragonja Rivers, which is used for drinking water supply of the southwest Slovenia, also with polluted sediments of Idrijca and So~a Rivers (Slovenia). Among the studied elements, As is present in all sediments at concentrations >6 ppm, that cause lowest toxic effects. At the lower Rje~ina and in prodelta Pb is present at concentrations >31 ppm, that could cause lowest toxic effects. Concentrations of Zn in prodelta, corresponds to those occurring in moderately polluted sediments (90-200 ppm). In the prodelta Hg is slightly below toxicity threshold (1 ppm), while Ag is present at toxicity thershold (0.5 ppm) or close to it.
(35) Grgurov kanal – porijeklo sedimenata i povr{inska sedimentolo{ka karta
Vi{nja @igi}*, Kristina Pikelj**, Mladen Jura~i}** *Prilaz Ivana Visina 7, Siget, 10000 Zagreb, Hrvatska **Geolo{ki odsjek, Prirodoslovno – matemati~ki fakultet, Sveu~ili{te u Zagrebu, Horvatovac 102 a, 10000 Zagreb, Hrvatska kpikelj≤geol.pmf.hr
Oscilacije morske razine u Jadranu uzrokovane klimatskim promjenama u posljednjih 20 000 godina utjecale su na tijek sedimentacije u podru~ju Kvarnera. Recentna sedimentacija u podru~ju Grgurovog kanala samo je djelomi~no u skladu s dana{njim hidrodinami~kim prilikama. Analizama recentnih sedimenata dna Grgurovog kanala utvr|ena je prisutnost pet tipova sedimenata. Najsitniji sedimenti (mulj) raspore|eni su sredinom kanala, a prema obali se postepeno okrupnjuju (pjeskoviti mulj, slabo {ljunkovito – pjeskoviti mulj). O~ekivano, na SZ izlazu iz kanala prevladava krupniji sediment (slabo {ljunkovito – muljeviti pijesak). Dubine uzorkovanja (65 – 88 m) prelaze dubinu valne baze , {to upu}uje na talo`enje krupno - zrnatog sedimenta u vrijeme ni`e razine mora (posljednji glacijal). Nastupanjem holocenske transgresije, krupniji sediment ostaje na istalo`enoj dubini, na kojoj se danas talo`e sitnozrnate ~estice. Mineralo{ki sastav sedimenata ukazuje na prisutnost terigenog i biogenog karbonata (43,2 – 70,5 %). Prisutnost kvarca, dolomita, plagioklasa i kaolinita ukazuje na terigeni donos, ali i na mogu}e tro{enje fli{kih naslaga prisutnih u manjoj mjeri na otocima Prvi}u i Grguru, te u ve}oj mjeri u podmorju kanala. Izrazito pove}ana koli~ina {ljunka u sedimentu ({ljunkoviti mulj) na dubini od 83 m JI od Prvi}a ukazuje na mogu}e talo`enje paleotokovima u vrijeme ni`e razine mora.
Grgur Channel – origin of sediments and surface sediment map
Vi{nja @igi}*, Kristina Pikelj**, Mladen Jura~i}** *Prilaz Ivana Visina 7, Siget, 10000 Zagreb, Croatia **Department of Geology, Faculty of Science, University of Zagreb, Horvatovac 102-a, 10000 Zagreb, Croatia kpikelj≤geol.pmf.hr
Sea–level fluctuations in Adriatic Sea caused by climatic changes during the last 20 000 years affected sedimentological processes in the Kvarner region. Investigated sediment pattern of Grgur Channel is partially in accordance with the present hydrodynamic conditions. At the bottom of the Grgur Channel, five sediment 56 types are found. Fine-grained sediment (mud) covers the middle part of the Channel, whereas towards islands sediment becomes coarser (sandy mud, slightly gravelly–sandy mud). On the NW end of the Channel, coarse grained sediment (slightly gravelly–muddy sand) prevails. Sampling depths (65–88 m) are below the wave base and indicate that the coarse-grained sediment settled down during the low sea–level stand. As Holocene transgression began, that sediment remained at the depths which are favorable for the fine-grained sedimen- tation at present time. The mineral composition of the sediments shows the presence of terrigenouos and bio- genic carbonate (43,2–70,5 %). Quartz, plagioclase and kaolinite are probably transported from the exposed flysch outcrops, some still exposed on adjacent island, with more on Channel banks. Increased rounded gravel share in the sediment (gravelly mud), sampled SE of Prvi} Island (83 m depth), indicates a different depositio- nal conditions than present ones - presumable deposition by palaeo-streams during the low sea–level stand.
(36) Sedimenti podmorja i morfogeneza prostora izme|u otoka Cresa i otoka Krka
Ranko Crmari}*, Krunoslav [karo*, Mladen Jura~i}** *Hrvatski hidrografski institut, Zrinsko-Frankopanska 161, 21000 Split, Hrvatska **Geolo{ki odsjek, Prirodoslovno – matemati~ki fakultet, Sveu~ili{te u Zagrebu, Horvatovac 102 a, 10000 Zagreb, Hrvatska ranko.crmaric≤hhi.hr
Oscilacije morske razine prouzro~ene klimatskim globalnim promjenama bile su vrlo izra`ene tijekom pleistocena. Holocenski porast morske razine presudno je utjecao na slijed sedimentacije u podmorju Kvarne- ra. U doba ni`e morske razine, tijekom posljednjeg glacijalnog maksimuma (virm) reducirane su, pa ~ak po- vremeno i prekinute veze izme|u Rije~kog zaljeva, Kvarneri}a te Vinodolskog i Velebitskog kanala s otvorenim dijelom Jadranskog mora. Uzvi{enja cresko-lo{injskog oto~ja su morfolo{ka brana koja odvaja sedimentacijski bazen jadranskog {elfa od relativno izoliranog akvatorija Kvarnera (Benac i Jura~i}, 1999). Zato je morsko dno pli}e, a sedimenti dna prete`no pjeskoviti zapadno od Cresa i Lo{inja, dok je isto~no od njih morsko dno du- blje, a sedimenti sitnozrnatiji (muljeviti). U podru~ju kanala Kru{ija izme|u otoka Cresa i Plavnika, dubina mora dose`e ~ak 125 m, gdje nalazimo paleokr{ki reljef, a morsko dno je stjenovito ili pokriveno {ljunkom.
Sea-bottom sediments and morphogenesis of the area of Cres and Krk islands
Ranko Crmari}*, Krunoslav [karo*, Mladen Jura~i}** *Hydrographic institute of the Republic of Croatia, Zrinsko-Frankopanska 161, 21000 Split, Croatia **Department of Geology, Faculty of Science, University of Zagreb, Horvatovac 102-a, 10000 Zagreb, Croatia ranko.crmaric≤hhi.hr
The sea-level oscilations caused by global climatic changes were pronounced during the older Quar- tenary (Pleistocene). Holocene see-level rise had a critical influence on the seabed depositional sequences of the Kvarner Region. During the last glacial maximum the sea – level was low and the connections between Kvarneri}, Vinodol and Velebit channel were reduced or temporarily interrupted. Islands of the Cres-Lo{inj ar- chipelago represent a morphologic barrier separating sedimentary basin of Adriatic shelf from relative isolated Kvarner archipelago (Benac & Jura~i}, 1999). West of the Cres and Lo{inj islands the sea-bottom is shalower and mostly covered by sand, while on the eastern part the deeper sea-bottom is covered by predominated fine- grained granulometric fraction (silt, mud). In the area of Kru{ija channel (between Cres and Plavnik islands) the sea-bottom is about 125 m deep where paleocarstic relief is present and the sea-bottom is rocky or covered by gravel.
57 (37) Ranjivost prirodnih `ala na podru~ju Kvarnera
^edomir Benac, Igor Ru`i}, Elvis @ic Sveu~ili{te u Rijeci, Gra|evinski fakultet, Zavod za hidrotehniku i geotehniku, Rijeka, V. Cara-Emina 5, 51000 Rijeka, Hrvatska benac≤gradri.hr
Na obalama Kvarnera (akvatorij sjevernog Jadrana izme|u istarske i vinodolske obale, odijeljen oto~kim nizovima Cres-Lo{inj i Krk-Rab-Pag) prirodni `ali ~ine mali dio ukupne duljine obale. Nastali su na dva na~ina: razaranjem obale tijekom procesa marinske erozije kao i akumuliranjem i usitnjavanjem buji~nih i rije~nih sedimenata transportiranih do obale mora. Prirodni `ali su najranjiviji dijelovi obale. Neki su prirodni pjeskoviti ili {ljunkoviti `ali u podru~ju Kvarnera razoreni, a drugi se primjetno smanjuju zbog nepovoljnog antropogenog utjecaja. S druge strane ~esto su okosnica turisti~ke ponude obalnih naselja kao najprivla~nije lokacije za kupanje. U ovom radu je izvr{ena komparacija Liburnijske i Vinodolske obale koje se gu{}e na- seljene i na kojima je ja~i antropogeni utjecaj i devastacija obalnog pojasa pa je betoniranjem ili nasipavanjem izmijenjeno oko 18 % obale. Tako|er su uspore|ene obale velikih kvarnerskih otoka: Krka s 3.8 %, Lo{inja s 1.8 %, Cresa s 4 % i Raba s ~ak 20.8 % ukupne duljine obale pokrivene `alima. Najvi{e o~uvana je obala otoka Cresa, najvi{e izmijenjena gra|enjem obala otoka Krka, a najvi{e ugro`ena obala otoka Raba. S obzirom na prognozirano podizanje morske razine, najve}i stupanj rizika imaju niska mo~varna podru~ja na otocima Krku i Rabu te u{}e rijeke Ra{e.
The vulnerability of natural beaches in Kvarner area
^edomir Benac, Igor Ru`i}, Elvis @ic University of Rijeka, Faculty of Civil Engineering, Department of Hydrotechnics and Geotechnics, Rijeka, V. Cara-Emina 5, 51000 Rijeka, Croatia benac≤gradri.hr
Natural sandy-gravely beaches make only small part of total coast length on Kvarner area (aquatorium between Istrian peninsula and Vinodol coast divided by island chains Cres-Lo{inj and Krk-Rab-Pag). These beaches were formed in two modes: 1-by coastal destroying during the process of marine erosion and 2- by accumulation of proluvial and alluvial sediments. Natural beaches are the most attractive and also the most vulnerable part of the coast in Kvarner area. Some sandy or gravely natural beaches have been destroyed and other ones have been obviously decreased due to unfavorable anthropomorphic influence. This paper has compared Liburnian and Vinodol coast, where the anthropomorphic influence and devastation of coastal envi- ronment are particularly distinctive. In addition, the paper compares coastal environmental condition of larger Kvarner islands (Krk, Lo{inj, Cres and Rab). Coast of Cres is the best preserved, coast of Krk suffers the stron- gest anthropomorphic influence, while the coast of Rab island is the most vulnerable. The highest risk degree due to predicted sea level rise is present on marsh areas on Krk and Rab and estuary of Ra{a river.
(38) Relevance of Croatian cretaceous fishes
Francisco José Poyato-Ariza Unidad de Paleontología, Departamento de Biología Calle Darwin Universidad Autónoma de Madrid Cantoblanco 28049-Madrid, Spain francisco.poyato≤uam.es
The importance of the fish remains from the regions in and around Croatia is twofold. They are relevant for the study of the local evolution of the faunas, but also, and more importantly, for the study of evolutionary processes; in other words, both for palaeontology and for palaeobiology. The Cretaceous is a key period for the evolution of bony fishes. Most evolutionary lineages of derived actinopterygians (teleosts) are known from the Jurassic, when their diversity is relatively low and they occupy mostly the lowest and most generalised levels of the trophic pyramids. The highest diversity and the higher and more specialized trophic levels correspond to more primitive (non-teleostean) forms. The major taxonomic, morphologic, and ecologic diversifications of the teleosteans occurred during Cretaceous times. In the course of this period, replacement of relict faunas from Jurassic times takes place, and the extraordinary evolutionary radiation of the teleosts got underway, de- 58 termining the composition of the ichthyofaunas from the Late Cretaceous until nowadays. One of the last places where this process occurred was the Tethys sea area, as it was one of the relatively more stable environments during the Cretaceous. In this context, Croatian fishes are most important to understand their systematics, the local differences of the ichthyofaunas in the Tethys sea and surrounding areas, and, moreover, the evolutionary processes involved: first in the pattern of long-term speciation of the relict faunas, then in the critic faunal re- placement that determined the Cenozoic and Recent ichthyofaunas of the Mediterranean area. Complete fish specimens are especially relevant, due to the high amount of data that they can offer, in contrast to the limited information provided by isolated elements.
(39) The first complete pycnodontiform fish specimen from Istria, Croatia
Koraljka Klepa~*, Francisco José Poyato-Ariza** * Natural History Museum Rijeka, Lorenzov prolaz 1, 51000, Rijeka, Croatia. ** Dept. Biología, Universidad Autónoma de Madrid, Cantoblanco, 28049-Madrid, Spain koraljka≤prirodoslovni.com
In Croatia, there are 19 localities with fish remains in Cretaceous platy limestones. Most classical sites with Cretaceous fishes are in Dalmatia, on the islands of Hvar, Bra~, [olta, and Kor~ula, and near the towns of Split, Trogir, Primo{ten, [ibenik, Omi{, Vrlika, Pag, and Mali Lo{inj (GORJANOVI]-KRAMBERGER, 1895; RADOV^I], 1975). To date, only one site from northern Croatia (Sedlarica, on Bilogora), and only one site in the territory of Istria (Valtura, near Pula) have provided Cretaceous ichthyofauna (SCHULTZ & PAUNOVI], 1997) outside Dalmatia. We report here splendid new fish material: the first pycnodontiform fish specimen from Istria, which has been found at Rojni}i locality, near Barban. It is of outstanding relevance, as it is the first complete and articulated fish ever discovered in Croatia. It is housed in the Natural History Museum Rijeka (PMRijeka-IR-001). This well preserved specimen, consisiting of part and counterpart, was found in finely bedded peloid packstones dated as Cenomanian (VELI] et al., 1995). The general characters that are obser- vable, such as the overall body shape, the outline and endoskeleton of the dorsal, anal, and caudal fins, the number and morphology of the vertebrae, and the squamation, are remarkably similar to those typical of the genus Proscinetes, from the Late Jurassic of Germany and France. However, the vomerine dentition, as far as it is observable in the small portion exhibited, seems different. Therefore, pending further preparation of the specimen, it is considered, for the time being, as cf. Proscinetes. During the Jurassic and the Cretaceous, the Tethys sea constitutes a relatively steady environment for fishes, so that Early (and even some Late) Cretaceous ichthyofaunas are essentially formed by relict forms from the Jurassic. The new pycnodont is a confirmation of this, and will provide relevant information to study and compare the faunas of the Tethys sea in the Croatian area during the Creataceous.
(40) Mineralne sirovine Primorsko-goranske `upanije
Boris Luk{i}, @eljko Dedi}, @eljko Kastmüller Hrvatski geolo{ki institut, Zavod za mineralne sirovine, Sachsova 2, 10000 Zagreb, Hrvatska zdedic≤hgi-cgs.hr
Geologija podru~ja Primorsko-goranske `upanije odlikuje se elementima tipi~nim za karbonatne te- rene stoga je relativno siroma{an pojavama mineralnih sirovina. To je karakteristi~no kr{ko podru~je koje sadr`i mno{tvo kr{kih pojava razvijenih na karbonatnim stijenama, poglavito vapnencima, velikog prostiranja i debljine. Klasti~ne stijene su rijetke, a pojavljuju se uglavnom u Gorskom kotaru i na Velebitu. Stratigrafski slijed naslaga mo`e se pratiti u rasponu od kraja mezozoika do kvartara. Na prostoru `upanije postoji vi{e od 100 le`i{ta i pojava mineralnih sirovina. Danas se vadi tehni~ko-gra|evni kamen na prostoru 22 eksploatacijska polja dok eksploatacija barita (Gorski kotar) i boksita (Otok Cres) prakti~ki vi{e ne postoji. Karta mineralnih sirovina i karta potencijalnosti izra|ene su na temelju geolo{kih parametara koji uklju~uju geolo{ko prostiranje litolo{kih ~lanova nosilaca mineralnih sirovina, pojave mineralnih sirovina, njihov stupanj istra`enosti, te tekton- ske elemente. karte su izra|ene prema Uputama za izradu Katastra le`i{ta i pojava u digitalnom obliku i rela- cijski povezanih slojeva i datoteka (Access), pomo}u ArcMap, (ESRI). Svrha izrade karta mineralnih sirovina je da budu podloga za upravljanje i dono{enje odluka za upotrebu zemlji{ta, za izradu strategije gospodarenja mineralnih sirovina, za utvr|ivanje utjecaja na okoli{ (kako u zdravstvenom tako i krajobraznom smislu), za 59 odr`ivo gospodarenje mineralnim sirovinama i njihovog o~uvanja za budu}e generacije na temelju njihovog geolo{kog potencijala.
Mineral resources of the Primorsko-Goranska County
Boris Luk{i}, @eljko Dedi}, @eljko Kastmüller Croatian geological survey, Department for mineral resources, Sachsova 2, Zagreb 10000, Croatia zdedic≤hgi-cgs.hr
The geological framework of the Primorsko-goranska County determined its relatively small number of mineral resources. The whole area consists dominantly of Mesozoic limestones and dolomites, occasionally with flysch and associated sedimentary, mostly carbonate clastic rocks, such as breccias and conglomerates. The oldest rocks in the study area crop out only at several places in the hinterland (Gorski kotar). They consi- sts of the Upper Paleozoic sandstones, shale and siltstones and, more rarely, limestones. Mesozoic sequence begins with Triassic clastic rocks and carbonates, mostly dolomites, followed by Jurassic and Cretaceous lime- stones, which prevail in the whole area. The region has over 100 different mineral deposits and occurrences. The mineral resources mined today are restricted to construction stone (22 active exploitation fields), while the barite and bauxite production has been terminated. The mineral resource map and mineral potential maps based on different geological criteria (geological tracts, size of deposits, degree of exploration) are a part of a database structure integrated into a GIS environment (ArcMap, ESRI). The mineral resource maps are used for land-use decisions, mineral development plans, and provisions for mitigation/remediation of environmental and societal health impacts/hazards, therefore for governance of responsible mineral exploitation in the coun- ty.
(41) Mineralo{ke i geokemijske karakteristike podmorskih sedimenata s trase opti~kog kabla Adria i profila Pula – Ravena
Darko Tiblja{*, Zavi{a [imac**, Dragan Matijevi}*, Mladen Jura~i}***, Delko Bari{i}**** *Mineralo{ko-petrografski zavod Prirodoslovno matemati~kog fakulteta, Horvatovac bb, 10000 Zagreb, Hrvatska **Ministarstvo za{tite okoli{a, prostornog ure|enja i graditeljstva, Republike Austrije 20, 10000 Zagreb, Hrvatska ***Geolo{ko-paleontolo{ki zavod PMF-a Horvatovac 102-a, 10000 Zagreb, Hrvatska ****Laboratorij za radioekologiju IRB-a, Bijeni~ka 54, 10000 Zagreb, Hrvatska dtibljas≤public.srce.hr
U okviru analize mineralnog sastava, aktivnosti radionuklida i koncentracija odabranih mikroeleme- nata u podmorskih sedimentima prikupljenim od strane Hrvatskog hidrografskog instituta iz Splita na trasi opti~kog kabla Adria (OKA) na potezu od Rijeke do Dubrovnika te na profilu Pula - Ravena, koja je provedena u svrhu nadopunjavanja postoje}e slike o kemijskom i mineralnom sastavu sedimenata Jadranskog mora, ispi- tani su i uzorci prikupljeni u Rije~kom zaljevu i Kvarneri}u. Dobiveni rezultati ukazuju da koncentracija i raspro- stranjenost elemenata uvelike ovise o geolo{kim procesima, iako je kod nekoliko elementa vidljiv i antropogeni utjecaj. Taj utjecaj naro~ito vidljiv na profilu Pula – Ravena, uo~ljiv je i u Rije~kom zaljevu, dok na podru~ju Kvarneri}a nije uo~en. Rezultati tako|er pokazuju da je raspored elemenata vezan za vrstu sedimenata, ~ime su potvr|ena prija{nja istra`ivanja. Odstupanja rezultata od onih dobivenim ranijim istra`ivanjima najvjerojat- nije su posljedica razli~itih vremena uzorkovanja kao i primjene razli~itih metoda analize.
60 Mineralogical and geochemical characteristics of sea-bed sediments along the route of Optical Cable Adria and the profile Pula – Ravenna
Darko Tiblja{*, Zavi{a [imac**, Dragan Matijevi}*, Mladen Jura~i}***, Delko Bari{i}**** *Department of Mineralogy and Petrography, Faculty of Science, University of Zagreb, Horvatovac bb, 10000 Zagreb, Croatia **Ministry of Environmental Protection, Physical Planning and Construction, Republike Austrije 20, 10000 Zagreb, Croatia *** Department of Geology and Paleontology, Faculty of Science, University of Zagreb, Horvatovac 102-a, 10000 Zagreb, Croatia ****Laboratory of radioekology Rudjer Boskovic Institute, Bijenicka 54,10000 Zagreb, Croatia dtibljas≤public.srce.hr
Concentrations and distribution of selected microelements and minerals, as well as radionuclide ac- tivities were analysed in sea bottom sediments, which were collected on the profile Pula - Ravenna and along the route of optical cable Adria (OKA) between Rijeka and Dubrovnik, in attempt of fulfilling existing data on mineral and chemical composition of sediments in the Adriatic Sea. Results indicate that concentrations and distributions of chemical elements are strongly related to geological processes. Nevertheless, anthropoge- nic influence on concentration of several elements was observed. This influence is conspicuous on the Pula – Ravenna profile, also present in Bay of Rijeka, while in sediments collected in Kvarneri} it is not noticeable. Obtained results confirm earlier studies about correlation between distribution of elements and type of sedi- ments, while differences from previous studies are most probably influenced by different sampling time and application of different analytical methods.
(42) Morfolo{ke i kristalografske zna~ajke barita iz Mrzle Vodice u Gorskom kotaru
Biserka Radanovi}-Gu`vica Hrvatski prirodoslovni muzej, Demetrova 1, 10000 Zagreb, Hrvatska Biserka.Guzvica≤hpm.hr
Barit u Gorskom kotaru u Mrzloj Vodici prvi puta spominje Mijo Ki{pati} 1901. godine. Na bolje razvi- tim kristalima odredio je forme {210}, {101} i {001}.Morfolo{kom analizom utvr|eno je da su kristali barita iz Mrzle Vodice plo~asti po baznom pinakoidu {001} s dobro razvitim plohama vertikalne prizme {210}. Gonio- metrijskim mjerenjem ~etiri kristala barita izdvojena s muzejskog primjerka inventarne oznake 600:ZAG;8541: MP1 determinirano je {est formi: {001}, {010}, {210}, {011}, {101} i {211}. Najslo`eniji kristal predstavlja kombinaciju ploha {est formi, a najjednostavniji ploha tri forme.Rendgenografskom analizom barita iz Mrzle Vodice metodom praha indicirano je 20 reflekasa na osnovi kojih su izra~unate vrijednosti parametara jedni~ne }elije: a0 = 887,3(5) pm, b0 = 544,8(4) pm, c0 = 716,7(4) pm. Poredbenom analizom parametara jedini~ne }elije sa standardom za barit prema JCPDS kartici 24-1035 utvr|eno je da najve}u relativnu vrijednost ima parametar c0 koji se podudara sa smjerom skra}enja kristala.Ovisnost morfologije o strukturnim zna~ajkama barita izra`ena je srednjom strukturnom gusto}om koja za barit iz Mrzle Vodice iznosi 365,3. Dobivena vrije- dnost uklapa se u prioritetni slijed razvoja utvr|en na osnovi smanjenja srednje strukturne gusto}e kristala barita razli~itih tipova habitusa: izduljeni smjerom [010] ® izduljeni smjerom [100] ® plo~asti po baznom pinakoidu ® izduljeni smjerom [001].
Morphological and crystallographical features of barite from Mrzla Vodica, Gorski kotar region
Biserka Radanovi}-Gu`vica Croatian Natural History Museum, Demetrova 1, 10000 Zagreb, Croatia Biserka.Guzvica≤hpm.hr
Barite from Mrzla Vodica, Gorski kotar in Croatia for the first time was described by Mijo Ki{pati} in 1901. He determined faces {210}, {101}, {001} on a well-formed barite crystals. Barite crystals from Mrzla Vodica are tabular on {001} with well-formed faces of {210}. By the goniometric measurements of 4 cryslals from museum sample with inverntory number 600:ZAG;8541:MP1 six forms: {001}, {010}, {210}, {011}, {101}, {211} were determined. The most complex crystal has 6 forms, while the simplest crystal has only 3 forms. By 61 the X-ray powder method the 20 reflexes were indicated as a base for determination of unit cell dimension: a0 = 887,3(5) pm, b0 = 544,8(4) pm, c0 = 716,7(4) pm. Comparative analysis of unit cell dimension with barite standard (JCPDS card 24-1035) point out that c0 is of greater relative value which correspond with shortening direction of crystal. Morphology dependence on structural features is expressed by average reticular density which for barite from Mrzla Vodica is 365,3. That value corresponds with the priority sequence of development determined on the base of decreasing of the average structural density of different habit types: elongated on [010] ® elongated on [100] ® tabular on {001} ® elongated on [001].
62 POLJE GEOGRAFIJE (TEMA: GEOGRAFIJA) FIELD OF GEOGRAPHY (TOPIC: GEOGRAPHY)
(43) Geomorfolo{ke zna~ajke, nastanak i razvoj doline Pazin~ice
Andrija Bognar Geografski odsjek, Prirodoslovno-matemati~ki fakultet, Sveu~ili{te u Zagrebu Maruli}ev trg 19, 10000 Zagreb, Hrvatska abognar≤geog.pmf.hr
Razglobljene su osobine, nastanak i geomorfolo{ka evolucija doline. Naglasak u geomorfolo{koj ana- lizi dat je na utvr|ivanje geomorfolo{kih specifi~nosti evolucije doline. Na temelju geomorfolo{kog kartiranja fluvijalnih i fluviodenudacijskih oblika (korito – uzdu`ni profil, poloj, rije~ne terase, dolinske strane, probojnica, ponori, jama) nesumnjivo jest da je u otjecanju vodotoka do{lo do svojevrsnog obrata. Vodotok je do nedavno u geolo{ku pro{lost otjecao pravcem SI – JZ sve do nekoliko kilometara JZ od Pazina. Tu je koljeni~asto skretao prema jugu sve do negdje, anti~kog Dvigrada, a zatim je ponovo o{tro skretao u pravac I – Z, do dana{nje Limske drage. Radi se tu o specifi~noj kapturi vodotoka koji je u podru~ju Pazina utjecajem mla|ih tektonskih pokreta skrenuo pod o{trim kutem u smjer SZ – JI, i to prema tzv. Pazinskoj kr{koj jami ili fojbi (talijanski naziv za jamu !!). Geomorfolo{kim kartiranjem nesumnjivo je dokazano da je mla|a pleistocenska fluvijalna terasa Pazin~ice u prostoru naselja Pazin deformirana. Dakle, ima sve zna~ajke diskonformnosti; suprotnog je pada u odnosu na otjecanje vodotoka. Dok se u dosada{njoj geolo{koj literaturi tvrdilo da je do „kapture“ Pazin~ice do{lo tektonskim pokretima krajem pliocena i po~etkom kvartara, navedene deformacije mla|e pleistocenske terase vodotoka Pazin~ice govore u prilog vrlo mladog oblikovanja „kapture“, krajem pleistocena ili tijekom starijeg holocena. Nizvodni dio doline do Limske drage, koja je vjerovatno predstavljala estuarij (riaskog tipa) Pazin~ice, tijekom najnovijeg geolo{kog razdoblja oblikovan je vodama povremenog toka potoka Cipri i pa- dinskim i korozijskim procesima.
Geomorphological Features, Origin and Development of the Pazin~ica River Valley
Andrija Bognar Department of geography, Faculty of Science, University of Zagreb, Maruli}ev trg 19, 10000 Zagreb, Croatia abognar≤geog.pmf.hr
This paper analyses the features, origin and geomorphological evolution of the Pazin~ica river valley. The emphasis in the geomorphological analysis is on the determination of geomorphological specifics in the valley’s evolution. On the basis of geomorphological mapping of fluvial and fluvio-denudational forms (river- bed – longitudinal profile, floodplain, river terraces, valley sides, gorge, ponors, pits) it is evident that there have been some change in the river’s outflow. In the last geologic history the water flow flew in the direction NE-SW just to some kilomentres SW from Pazin. There it formed a geniculate bend towards the south to the antic Dvigrad, then it again turned sharply to the direction E-W to today’s Limska Draga. It is a matter of a specific capture of the water flow, which had in the Pazin area under the influence of younger tectonic move- ments turned at a sharp angle to the direction NW-SE, towards so called Pazin karstic pit. Geomorphological mapping has evidently proved that the younger Pleistocene fluvial terrace of the Pazin~ica in the area of the settlement of Pazin is deformed. Consequently, it has all features of disconformity: the opposite fall in relation to the flowing of the river. While the former geologic literature claimed that the “capture” of the Pazin~ica had been caused by tectonic movements at the Pliocene and Quaternary boundary, the quoted deformations of the Pazin~ica’s younger Pleistocene terrace support a very young formation of the “capture” at the end of the Pleistocene or during the older Holocene.The downstream part of the valley south of the town of Pazin, was, during the most recent geologic period, formed by the waters of the creek Cipri temporary flow, slope and corrosion processes.
63 (44) Geomorfolo{ka baza podataka Gorskog kotara
Mladen Pahernik Hrvatsko vojno u~ili{te, Ilica 256b, 10000 Zagreb, Hrvatska mladen.pahernik≤zg.htnet.hr
U radu je opisan model geomorfolo{ke baze podataka temeljen na morfogenetskim obilje`jima reljefa istra`ivanog podru~ja. Unutar konceptualnog modeliranja geomorfolo{ke baze podataka koristile su se meto- de objektno orijentirane analize, pri ~emu su definirani objekti (reljefni oblici) sa osnovnim obilje`jima. To je uklju~ilo identifikaciju problemskih podru~ja, odnosno cjelina, identifikaciju klasa i objekata sa njihovom struk- turom, te identificiranje pojedinih atributa objekata. Provedenom analizom i terenskih istra`ivanja reljefni oblici unutar prostora Gorskog kotara grupirani su na temelju morfogenetskih obilje`ja u {est podatkovnih skupina (ili tematskih cjelina): fluvijalni, fluvio-denudacijski, kr{ki, fluviokr{ki, glacijalni i periglacijani reljefni oblici. Na temelju objektno orijentiranog dizajna postavljena je logika softverskih objekata (sa svojim atributima i ope- racijama) kao osnova za implementaciju logi~kog u fizi~ki model geomorfolo{ke baze podataka. Primjenom UML-a u objektno orijentiranom dizajnu kreirana je shema geomorfolo{ke baze podataka koja je implementi- rana u logi~ki model geobaze podataka ArcGIS programskog paketa. Primjenom metoda GIS analize prostor- nih podataka u vidu digitalnih geoznanstvenih podataka, satelitskih snimaka, digitalnog modela reljefa i topo- grafskih podloga, te terenskim geomorfolo{kim kartiranjem pri{lo se pohrani reljefnih oblika u geomorfolo{ku bazu podataka. U zavr{noj fazi definiran je kartografski model podataka primjeren za izradu geomorfolo{ke karte Gorskog kotara u mjerilu 1 : 100 000. Kartografski model geomorfolo{ke karte Gorskog kotara definiran je kroz pet skupina podataka: geolo{ke gra|e terena, morfogenetske, morfografske i morfokronolo{ke podatke, pri ~emu je poseban naglasak dat na morfogenetskoj klasifikaciji tipova reljefa istra`ivanog prostora.
Geomorphologic database of Gorski kotar
Mladen Pahernik Croatian military college, Ilica 256b, 10000 Zagreb, Croatia mladen.pahernik≤zg.htnet.hr
The paper presents a geomorphologic database model based on the morphogenetic features of lan- dform on the researched area. Within conceptual modeling of a geomorphologic database, the methods of object – oriented analysis were used, defining objects (landforms) with basic features. This has included the identification of problem areas, i. e. units, identification of chasses and objects with their structure, as well as identification of individual object attributes. Following the analysis and field research landforms within Gorski kotar region have been grouped into six data groups (or thematic units): on the basic of morphogenetic featu- res: fluvial, fluvio-denudational, karstic, fluvio-karstic, glacial and periglacial landforms. On the basic of object- oriented design, the logic of software objects (with their attributes and operations) was set up as the basic for the implementation of a logical into a physical geomorphologic database model. The application of the UML in object-oriented design resulted in the creation of a geomorphologic database scheme, which was implemen- ted into a logical geodatabase model of the ArcGIS program package. By applying the methods of GIS spatial data analysis in terms of digital geoscientific data, satellite images, digital relief model and topographic bases, as well as by geomorphologic mapping of the terrain, landforms could be stored into the geomorphologic da- tabase. A cartographic data model suitable for the preparation of a geomorphologic map of Gorski kotar in a scale of 1 : 100 000 was defined in a final stage. The cartographic model of the geomorphologic map of Gorski kotar was defined through five groups of data: a geological composition of terrain, through morphogenetic, morphographic and morphochronologic data, placing special emphasis on the morphogenetic classification of landform types of the researched area.
64 (45) Informacijski sustav elektroni~kih navigacijskih karata u Republici Hrvatskoj
Tea Duplan~i} Leder, Nenad Leder Hrvatski hidrografski institut, Zrinsko-Frankopanska 161, 21000 Split, Hrvatska tea.duplancic≤hhi.hr
Elektroni~ka navigacijska karta (Electronic Navigational Chart - ENC) je digitalna baza podataka koja se koristi spregnuta sa ECDIS-om. Baza je normirana po sadr`aju, strukturi i formatu, a mo`e sadr`avati do- datne nauti~ke informacije(npr. smjerovi plovidbe). ENC sadr`i slu`bene digitalne nauti~ke podatke koje au- torizira nacionalni hidrografski ured prema normi S-57 Me|unarodne hidrografske organizcije (International Hydrographic Organization - IHO; IHB, 1997). Elektroni~ke karte su relativno nova tehnologija koja donose zna~ajne prednosti u sigurnosti plovidbe s dokaznom efikasno{}u upotrebe. Jednostavno re~eno, elektroni~ka karta je navigacijski sustav u realnom vremenu (real-time) koji integrira razli~ite prikazane informacije koje pomorac interpretira. One su pomo}no sredstvo pri automatiziranom odlu~ivanju sa mogu}no{}u stalnog pra}enja pozicije broda u relaciji s kopnom, kartiranim objektima, navigacijskoj signalizaciji i nevidljivim pod- morskim opasnostima. Takva elektroni~ka karta predstavlja kompletno novi pristup pomorskoj navigaciji. Su- stav za prikazivanje elektroni~kih navigacijskih karata i informacija (Electronic Chart Display and Information Systems – ECDIS) je navigacijski informacijski sustav, koji s odgovaraju}im rezervnim postupkom (back-up arrangements), mo`e biti prihva}en kao sustav koji zadovoljava zahtjeve a`urne pomorske karte kako je za- dano odredbom konvencije V/20 iz 1974. godine SOLAS (Safety of Life at Sea - Convention and Navy Instruc- tions) . ECDIS prikazuje odabrane informacije iz sustava elektroni~ke pomorske navigacijske karte (System Electronic Navigational Chart – SENC) s polo`ajnim informacijama dobivenim navigacijskim senzorima da bi se pomoglo pomorcu pri planiranju i nadgledanju rute, te koji prikazuje i dodatne navigacijske informacije (IHB, 1997). [iroka upotreba profesionalnih sustava elektroni~kih karata rezultirati }e zna~ajnim smanjenjem ponekad fatalnih nesre}a uzrokovanih gre{kama u navigaciji i pobolj{anoj sigurnosti pomoraca i okoli{a. Po- sljednjih nekoliko godina vidi se stalni napredak u kori{tenju sustava elektroni~kih karata, koji postaju efika- snije i omogu}avaju sigurnu pomorsku navigaciju.
Electronic Navigational Charts Information System in the Republic of Croatia
Tea Duplan~i} Leder, Nenad Leder Hydrographic Institute of the Republic of Croatia, Zrinsko-Frankopanska 161, 21000 Split, Croatia tea.duplancic≤hhi.hr
Electronic Navigational Chart (ENC) is digital data base that is intended to be used in conjunction with ECDIS. Standardized as to content, structure and format the ENC may contain supplementary nautical information useful for safe navigation. ENC is official digital chart data authorized by National Hydrographic Office in accordance with the International Hydrographic Organisation’s (IHO) product specification S-57. The electronic chart is a relatively new technology that provides significant benefits in terms of navigation safety and improved operational efficiency. More than simply a computer display, an electronic chart is a real-time navigation system that integrates a variety of information that is displayed and interpreted by the mariner. It is an automated decision aid capable of continuously determining a vessel’s position in relation to land, charted objects, aids-to-navigation, and unseen underwater hazards. Thus the electronic chart represents an entirely new approach to maritime navigation. Electronic Chart Display and Information Systems (ECDIS)- a naviga- tion information system which, with adequate backup arrangements, complies with the up-to-date chart requi- red by regulation V/20 of the 1974 Safety of Life at Sea (SOLAS) Convention and Navy Instructions. It displays selected information from a System Digital Nautical Chart (SDNC) with positional information from navigation sensors to assist the operator in route planning and route monitoring, and by displaying additional navigatio- nal-related information. A widespread use of professional Electronic Chart Systems will result in a significant reduction of –sometimes fatal – accidents caused by navigational errors and enhance the safety of the mariner and the environment. The last few years have seen a steady increase in the use of electronic chart systems, which became one of the most effective and promising means of sea navigation.
65 (46) Neka opa`anja o ~estini bure na Kvarrneru
Anita Filip~i} Geografski odsjek, Prirodoslovno-matemati~ki fakultet, Sveu~ili{te u Zagrebu Maruli}ev trg 19, 10000 Zagreb, Hrvatska filipcic≤geog.pmf.hr
Bura je jedan od najpoznatijih i najbolje istra`enih vjetrova u Hrvatskoj. Njezina ~estina podlije`e ve}oj pravilnosti od njezine brzine pri ~emu se ~estina smanjuje od sjevernog prema ju`nom Jadranu, te od obale perma pu~ini. Pri analizi ~estine bure naj~e{}e se prikazuje godi{nji ili dnevni hod za odre|eno vi{egodi{nje razdoblje. U ovom radu su analizirane me|ugodi{nje promjene u ~estini bure za izabrane postaje na kvarner- skom podru~ju u drugoj polovici dvadesetog stolje}a kako bi se istra`io trend ~estine bure na Kvarneru. Za svaku su postaju u obzir uzeti prevladavaju}i smjerovi bure.
Some Observations on Bora Frequency in the Kvarner Region
Anita Filip~i} Department of Geography, Faculty of Science, University of Zagreb, Maruli}ev trg 19, 10000 Zagreb, Croatia filipcic≤geog.pmf.hr
Bora is one of the most famous and the most investigated winds in Croatia. The frequency of the bora wind is more regular than the speed of bora. The frequency drops from the Northern to Southern Adria, as well as from the coastline to the offshore. Most often the analysis of the bora frequency reveals the annual or daily variations for specific period. This article deals with interannual variations of bora frequency for some locations in the Kvarner region in the second half of 20th century. The aim of article is to investigate statistic trend of bora frequency in Kvarner region. For each location the prevailing direction of bora wind is taken into consideration.
(47) Utjecaj odabranih klimatskih elemenata na razvoj turizma Senja
Mladen Maradin Geografski odsjek, Prirodoslovno-matemati~ki fakultet, Sveu~ili{te u Zagrebu, Maruli}ev trg 19, 10000 Zagreb, Hrvatska mmaradin≤geog.pmf.hr
Klimatska obilje`ja imaju veliku va`nost za razvoj turizma odre|enog prostora te mogu odre|ivati turisti~ku ponudu, pa i utjecati na prevladavaju}u vrstu turizma. Klimatski elementi posebno va`ni za razvoj kupali{nog turizma, koji danas u primorskoj Hrvatskoj prevladava, su temperatura, trajanje sijanja sunca, nao- blaka i padaline. U prvom dijelu ~lanka analiziran je godi{nji hod navedenih klimatskih elemenata za grad Senj u razdoblju od 1971. do 2001. godine. Posebna pa`nja je posve}ena razdoblju od svibnja do rujna, u kojem dolazi ve}ina posjetitelja. Utjecaj na turisti~ku ponudu imaju i vjetrovi, posebno bura, koja se u Senju javlja i u ljetnim mjesecima. Odre|eni su i dodatni pokazatelji koji ukazuju na klimatske karakteristike grada Senja: osjet sparine, indeks ohla|ivanja, efektivna temperatura i indeks TWH. U drugom dijelu ~lanka daje se prikaz kre- tanja broja turista u Senju i va`nosti koju ima turizam u gospodarstvu Senja, prvenstveno kroz udio zaposlenih u turizmu. Tako|er, ukazuje se na utjecaj klimatskih elemenata na razvoj turizma u budu}nosti.
The influence of selected climatic elements on touristic developement of Senj
Mladen Maradin Department of Geography, Faculty of Science, University of Zagreb, Maruli}ev trg 19, 10000 Zagreb, Croatia mmaradin≤geog.pmf.hr
Climate characteristics are very important in touristic development and can determine tourist offer, as well as type of tourism of the specific area. Climatic elements that are important in development of summer tourism, which nowadays prevails in coastal area of Croatia, are temperature, insolation duration, cloud cover 66 and precipitation. In first part of paper annual course of mentioned elements are analyzed for Senj in period between 1971. and 2000. Special attention is dedicated to period from May till September, in which majority of visitors arrive. Winds also influence on tourist offer, especially bura, which can appear in Senj even in summer months. Additional indicators: measure of sultriness, wind chill, effective temperature and THW index, which determine climatic characteristics of Senj, are specified. Second part of paper deals with number of tourists and role of tourism on economy of Senj (percentage of population employed in tourism). Also, role of climatic elements on future development of tourism is pointed.
(48) Relativna promjena morske razine du` Hrvatske obale u posljednjih 2000 godina u korelaciji s recentnim tektonskim pokretima
Sanja Faivre*, Eric Fouache**, Eduard Prelogovi}*** *Geografski odsjek, Prirodoslovno matemati~ki fakultet, Sveu~ili{te u Zagrebu Maruli}ev trg 119/II, 10000 Zagreb, Hrvatska **Université Paris XII - Val-de-Marne, 61, avenue du General de Gaulle, 94010 Creteil cedex France ***Rudarsko-geolo{ko naftni fakultet, Pierottijeva 6, 10000 Zagreb, Hrvatska sfaivre≤geog.pmf.hr
Prou~avaju}i relativnu promjenu morske razine du` Hrvatske jadranske obale u posljednjih 2000 godina (FOUACHE i dr. 2000; FAIVRE & FOUACHE, 2003, FOUACHE i dr. 2004) poku{ali smo usporediti geomorfolo{ke i arheolo{ke markere. Na mnogim lokacijama izme|u Pore~a i Zadra kao i na otocima Cresu, Rabu i Pagu, u vapnena~kim obalama, prona|ena je potkapina 0.5 m – 0.7 m ispod dana{nje morske razine. Izuzetak ~ini podru~je Bakarskog zaljeva gdje potkapina dose`e dubinu od 1.15 m ispod dana{nje morske razine (BENAC, 1992; BENAC i dr. 2004). Na podru~ju izme|u Zadra i [ibenika potkapina nije prona|ena. Me|utim, potopljeni arheolo{ki ostaci na ovom podru~ju upu}uju na promjenu od minimalno 1.5 m u posljenjih 2000 godina. Stoga korelacija geomorfolo{kih i arheolo{kih podataka ovdje nije obavljena. Dalje prema jugu, od [ibenika do Prevlake potkapine su uo~ene sporadi~no a odgovaraju}i arheolo{ki ostaci na tom podru~ju nisu na|eni. Tako dobiveni podaci potom su uspore|eni s geolo{kom strukturom i recentnim tektonskim po- kretima.
Relative sea level change along the Croatian shoreline in the last 2000 years in correlation with recent tectonic movements
Sanja Faivre*, Eric Fouache**, Eduard Prelogovi}*** *Department of Geography, Faculty of Science, Maruli}ev trg 119/II, 10000 Zagreb, Croatia **Université Paris XII - Val-de-Marne, 61, avenue du General de Gaulle, 94010 Creteil cedex France ***Faculty of Mining, Geology and Petroleum Engineering, Pierottijeva 6, 10000 Zagreb, Croatia sfaivre≤geog.pmf.hr
Working on the relative sea level change along the Croatian shoreline in the last 2000 years (FOUA- CHE et al. 2000; FAIVRE & FOUACHE, 2003, FOUACHE et al. 2004) we try to correlate geomorphological and archaeological markers. On the limestone coast between Pore~ and Zadar, as well as on the islands of Cres, Rab and Pag we find a presence of a submerged tidal notch between 0.5 m – 0.7 m below the present sea level on many diving points, except on that of the Bakar bay where they reach 1.15 m below the present sea level (BENAC, 1992; BENAC et al. 2004). In the Zadar - [ibenik area, on numerous diving points we haven’t found any notches but the archaeological remnants point to a submersion of at least 1.5 m therefore those results could not be correlated with a geomorphological marker. Continuing further to the south till the Prevlaka area the notches have been noticed only sporadically and unfortunately no appropriate archaeological markers have been found. Those results were further correlated with the geological structure and recent tectonic mo- vements.
67 POLJE BIOLOGIJE (TEME: BIOLOGIJA KOPNA, BIOLOGIJA MORA) FIELD OF BIOLOGY (TOPICS: TERRESTRIAL BIOLOGY, MARINE BIOLOGY)
(49) Liburnian karst: a (bio)geographical entity?
Bo{tjan Surina University of Vienna, Faculty of Life Sciences, Department of Biogeography Rennweg 14, A-1030 Vienna Univerza na Primorskem, Znanstveno-raziskovalno sredi{~e Koper, Garibaldijeva 1 SI-6000 Koper, Slovenija Bostjan.Surina≤zrs-kp.si
Natural and cultural heritage of the Rijeka region have been a subject of research of many scientists for centuries. Subsequently, a term »Liburnian karst« or »Liburnia« as a synonime (?!) has been constantly used from different points of view, however, without precise geographical boundaries. Therefore a biogeographical perspective is pointed out in order to offer some answers to the topic. Area of distribution of several plant spe- cies and phytocoenoses, as well as phytosociological characteristics of forest and non-forest stands have been used applying some statistical methods (cluster analysis, principal coordinates analysis). Preliminary results have shown that the area in study is of transitional character, hosting several Alpine as well as Illyrian (Illyricoid) geoelements, and syntaxa restricted mostly to Dinaric Mts. Further extensive floristical and phytosociological analyses are neccesary to give sound objections. Nevertheless, some (bio)geographical limitations are pro- posed.
Liburnijski kr{: (bio)geografska cjelina?
Bo{tjan Surina University of Vienna, Faculty of Life Sciences, Department of Biogeography Rennweg 14, A-1030 Vienna Univerza na Primorskem, Znanstveno-raziskovalno sredi{~e Koper, Garibaldijeva 1 SI-6000 Koper, Slovenija Bostjan.Surina≤zrs-kp.si
Znanstvenici su stolje}ima istra`ivali prirodnu i kulturnu ba{tinu rije~kog podru~ja. U znanstvenim i stru~nim radovima upotrebljavaju se pojmovi »Liburnijski kr{« i »Liburnija« s razli~itih stajali{ta, ali bez preciz- nih geografskih granica. Priop}enjem se isti~e biogeografska perspektiva definicije tog termina. Statisti~kim metodama (klasterskom analizom, PCoA analizom) ispitani su areali rasprostranjenosti nekoliko biljnih vrsta i biljnih zajednica, kao i vegetacijske karakteristike nekih {umskih i ne{umskih sastojina. Preliminarni rezultati pokazuju da se radi o prijelaznom podru~ju, u kojemu se nalaze alpski, kao i ilirski (ilirikoidni) geoelementi i sintaksoni koji su ve}inom ograni~eni na Dinarske planine. Iako su za konkretnije zaklju~ke nu`ne daljnje op{irne floristi~ke i vegetacijske analize, predlo`ene su (bio)geografske granice.
(50) Kr~ki refugij mezofilne {umske vegetacije
Ivo Trinajsti} Dunjevac 2, 10000 Zagreb, Hrvatska
Uzdu` sredi{njega dijela otoka Krka, od Omi{ljanskog zaljeva na sjeveru do Ba{ke na jugoistoku pro- lazi jedna skoro kontinuirana fli{na sinklinala. Ona se je usjekla izme|u ± tvrdih vapnena~kih stijena i dijeli otok na dva dijela. U dijelu sredi{nje kr~ke sinklinale koji se prote`e izme|u Omi{ljanskog luga na sjeveru i Rovoznika u Vrbni~kom polju na jugu sa~uvao se je tipi~no mezofilan biljni pokrov srednjoeuropskih zna~ajki. Od stabala isti~u se Quercus robur, Q. petraea, Castanea sativa, Acer campestre, A. platanoides, A. pseudop- platanus, Ulmus scabra, Carpinus betulus, Tilia cordata, Populus tremula, P. alba, Salix alba. Me|u grmovima se isti~u Ligustrum vulgae, Cornus sanguinea, Euonymus europaeus, Prunus spinosa, Viburnum opulus, Salix 68 purpurea, S. cinerea, Clematis vitalba. Osobito su brojno zastupljene {umske, zeljaste biljke – Galanthus niva- lis, Corydalis cava, C. solida, Primula vulgaris, Dentaria bulbifera, Moehringia trinervia, Viola reichenbachiana, Ficaria verna, Anemone nemorosa, Phyllitis scolopendrium, Polystichum aculeatum, Aspidium filix-mas, Carex digitata, C. sylvatica, Mellica uniflora, Neottia nidus-avis, Calluna vulgaris. Sve navedene vrste izgra|uju na malenom prostoru otoka Krka tipi~an biljni svijet srednjoeuropskih zna~ajki refugijalnog karaktera.
Krk refuge of the mesophilous forest vegetation
Ivo Trinajsti} Dunjevac 2, 10000 Zagreb, Croatia
Along the central part of the island of Krk, from Omi{aljski zaljev in the north to Ba{ka in the south-east, an almost continuous flysch syncline passes. It is cut in hard calcareous rocks, dividing the island into two parts. In the part of the Krk central syncline extending between Omi{aljski lug in the north and Rovoznik in Vrbni~ko polje in the south, a typical mesophilous vegetation cover with the Central European features has been preser- ved. Among the trees there are distinguished Quercus robur, Q. petraea, Castanea sativa, Acer campestre, A. platanoides, A. pseudoplatanus, Ulmus scabra, Carpinus betulus, Tilia cordata, Populus tremula, P. alba, Salix alba. Among the shrubs there are distinguished Ligustrum vulgae, Cornus sanguinea, Euonymus europaeus, Prunus spinosa, Viburnum opulus, Salix purpurea, S. cinerea, Clematis vitalba. Especially numerous are the forest herbaceous plants – Galanthus nivalis, Corydalis cava, C. solida, Primula vulgaris, Dentaria bulbifera, Moehringia trinervia, Viola reichenbachiana, Ficaria verna, Anemone nemorosa, Phyllitis scolopendrium, Poly- stichum aculeatum, Aspidium filixmas, Carex digitata, C. sylvatica, Mellica uniflora, Neottia nidus-avis, Calluna vulgaris. All said species build in the small area of the island of Krk a typical plant life with the Central European features of refuge character.
(51) Vegetacija snije`nih to~ila i blokova (Arabidetalia caerulaeae) Liburnijskog kr{a (SZ Dinaridi)
Bo{tjan Surina*, @eljka Modri}** *University of Wienna, Faculty of Life Sciencies, Department of Biogeografy Renweg 14, A-1030 Wien, Austria **Prirodoslovni muzej Rijeka, Lorenzov prolaz 1, 51000 Rijeka, Hrvatska Bostjan.Surina≤zrs-kp.si
Priop}enjem se prezentiraju nedavna istra`ivanja snje`nih to~ila Gorskog kotara. Uo~ene su dvije razli~ite, ali sindinami~ki povezane zajednice to~ila: Drepanoclado-Heliospermetum Surina i Vre{ 2004 i sa- stojine u kojima dominira planinska vrba (Salix retusa). Dane su analiti~ke vegetacijske tablice za obje zajed- nice. Sastojine zajednice Drepanoclado-Heliospermetum iz Gorskog kotara pokazuju ve}u sli~nost sa sastoji- nama sa Sne`nika (Slovenija) i sjevernog Velebita, nego s onima s Trnovskog Gozda (Slovenija, SZ Dinaridi). Sastojine u kojima prevladava planinska vrba jedinstvenog su floristi~kog sastava i razli~ite su od jugoisto~no- alpskih i jugoisto~no-dinarskih. Za te sastojine privremeno predla`emo novo ime Heliospermo pusillae-Salice- tum retusae prov. Obje zajednice pripadaju dinarskoj svezi Salicion retusae Horvat 1949. Pomo}u statisti~kih analiza te uzev{i u obzir biogeografske osobitosti podru~ja, napravili smo pregled vegetacije snje`nih to~ila i blokova (Arabidetalia caeruleae Rübel ex Br.-Bl. 1949) Liburnijskog kr{a. U ponikvi Ceclje su, osim sastojina vegetacije to~ila, prisutne i sastojine planinskih rudina zajednice Scabioso silenifoliae-Dryadetum octopealae, koje se ovdje nalaze ekstrazonalno i fragmentarno su razvijene.
Snow-bed vegetation (Arabidetalia caerulaeae) in the Liburnian karst (NW Dinaric Mts)
Bo{tjan Surina*, @eljka Modri}** *University of Wienna, Faculty of Life Sciencies, Department of Biogeografy Renweg 14, A-1030 Wien, Austria **Natural History Museum Rijeka, Lorenzov prolaz 1, 51000 Rijeka, Croatia Bostjan.Surina≤zrs-kp.si
Recent results of phytosociological research of snow-bed vegetation in Gorski kotar region were pre- sented. Two distinct, but syndinamicaly related scree associations were recognised: Drepanoclado-Heliosper- 69 metum Surina and Vre{ 2004, and stands with predominating Salix retusa. Analytical phytosociological tables for both associations were given. Stands of the association Drepanoclado-Heliospermetum from Gorski kotar region, in comparisson to those from the Trnovski gozd plateau (Slovenia, NW Dinaric Mts), more resembled to those from Mt. Sne`nik (Slovenia) and northern Velebit Mts, while stands with predominating Salix retusa show rather unique phytosociological characteristics and were distinct to stands from the SE Alps as well as to stands from the SE Dinaric Mts. Therefore, a new association of Heliospermo pusillae-Salicetum retusae prov. was proposed. Both associations were classified into the Dinaric alliance Salicion retusae Horvat 1949. Based on cluster analysis and the biogeographic peculiarities of the area, an assessment of the vegetation of snow-beds on calcareous soils (Arabidetalia caeruleae Rübel ex Br.-Bl. 1949) in the Liburnian karst was made. Additionally, in the karst sinkhole of Ceclje, fragmentary stands of the association Scabioso silenifoliae-Dryade- tum octopealae occur extrazonally.
(52) Rasprostranjenost nekih rijetkih i ugro`enih svojti vaskularne flore Istre i Kvarnera
Slavko Brana*, Minka Brana** *Natura Histrica, Aldo Rismondo 2, 52210 Rovinj, Hrvatska **Ministarstvo poljoprivrede, {umarstva i vodnoga gospodarstva, Ulica grada Vukovara 78,10000 Zagreb, Hrvatska sbrana≤inet.hr
U radu se prikazuje rasprostranjenost nekih rijetkih, endemi~nih i ugro`enih svojti vaskularne flore Istre i Kvarnera. Izabrane su svojte koje su previ|ene (Cicendia filiformis) ili dosada nezabilje`ene za ovo podru~je (Elatine alsinastrum); kojih je rasprostranjenost nedovoljno poznata (Moehringia tommasinii, Serapias istria- ca), dvojbena (Ampelodesmos mauritanica, Pilularia minuta, Pseudofumaria alba subsp. acaulis) ili koje su u obuhva}enom podru~ju nestale (Cynanchum acutum). Rasprostranjenost nekih svojti upotpunjena je novim nalazima (Alisma gramineum, Cyperus flavescens, Cyperus fuscus, Lythrum portula, Marsilea quadrifolia, Staehelina dubia). Kako neke od prikazanih svojti u flori Hrvatske dolaze isklju~ivo u istarsko-kvarnerskom podru~ju, time je prikazana i njihova cjelokupna rasprostranjenost u Hrvatskoj.
Distribution of some rare, endemic and threatened species of Istria and Kvarner’s vascular flora
Slavko Brana*, Minka Brana** *Natura Histrica, Aldo Rismondo 2, 52210 Rovinj, Croatia **Ministry of Agriculture, Forestry and Water Management, Ulica grada Vukovara 78, 10000 Zagreb, Croatia E-mail:sbrana≤inet.hr
In this paper, data about distribution of some rare, endemic and threatened species of Istria and Kvar- ner’s vascular flora are given. Chosen species are the ones that were overlooked (Cicendia filiformis) or until now unnoted for this area (Elatine alsinastrum); those of which the distribution is insuficiently known Moe( - hringia tommasinii, Serapias istriaca), dubious (Ampelodesmos mauritanica, Pilularia minuta, Pseudofumaria alba subsp. acaulis) or those that have disappeared in the covered area (Cynanchum acutum). Distribution of some species is supplemented with new discoverings (Alisma gramineum, Cyperus flavescens, Cyperus fu- scus, Lythrum portula, Marsilea quadrifolia, Staehelina dubia). As some of the shown species in Croatian flora are found exclusively in Istria-Kvarner region, their overral distribution in Croatia has also been shown.
(53) Floristi~ke i ekolo{ke zna~ajke dvaju speleolo{kih objekata na otoku Krku
Suzana Buzjak, Mirjana Vrbek Botani~ki odjel, Hrvatski prirodoslovni muzej, Demetrova 1, 10000 Zagreb, Hrvatska suzana.buzjak≤hpm.hr
U prolje}e i ljeto 1997. godine istra`ivana je flora i neki ekolo{ki ~imbenici dvaju speleolo{kih objeka- ta na otoku Krku (spilji - Jama kod Dobrinja i jami Jama kod spilje Biserujke). Kod oba objekta popisivane su i prikupljane biljke koje rastu u neposrednoj blizini ulaza i na razli~itim udaljenostima od ulaza prema 70 unutra{njosti te je bilje`en njihov polo`aj na nacrtu ili skici. Od ekolo{kih ~imbenika, tako|er u neposrednoj blizini i na razli~itim udaljenostima od ulaza, mjerena je trenuta~na temperatura i relativna vla`nost zraka te osvjetljenost. Ukupno je zabilje`ena 41 svojta. Osam svojti je raslo isklju~ivo izvan objekata, 16 unutar i izvan, a 17 ih je raslo isklju~ivo unutar objekata. U unutra{njosti se prvenstveno radilo o pove}anom broju vrsta i pri- mjeraka papratnja~a, te vrsta koje rastu na zasjenjenijim i vla`nijim stani{tima. Na tre}em metru od ulaza u Jami pokraj spilje Biserujke, gotovo da i nije bilo vrsta iz okolnog stani{ta ve} su prevladavale paprati Asplenium scolopendrium, A. trichomanes te sjemenja~e Hedera helix, Ruscus aculeatus, Arum italicum. Mjerenja tem- perature i relativne vlage zraka na razli~itim udaljenostima od ulaza pokazala su o~ekivane promjene - porast relativne vlage zraka i pad vrijednosti temperature prema unutra{njosti objekata.
Floristic and ecological characteristics of two speleological features on the island of Krk
Suzana Buzjak, Mirjana Vrbek Department of Botany, Croatian Natural History Museum, Demetrova 1, 10000 Zagreb, Croatia suzana.buzjak≤hpm.hr
During spring and summer of 1997, flora and certain ecological factors of two speleological features on the island of Krk (cave Jama kod Dobrinja and pit Jama kod spilje Biserujke) were investigated. The plants growing in the immediate vicinity and at various distances inside the entrance of the features were listed and collected and their position was noted on plan. As for the ecological factors, in the immediate vicinity and at various distances inside the entrance, the momentary temperature and the relative humidity of air and light intensity were measured. Total number of 41 plant species was recorded. Eight species grew only outside of features, 16 inside and outside, and 17 grew only inside features. Main characteristic inside the features was increase number of species and specimens of pteridophytes and schiophilous and hygrophilous species. About 3 meters inside the pit Jama kod spilje Biserujke there was almost no species from surrounding habitat, while pteridophytes Asplenium scolopendrium, A. trichomanes and spermatophytes Hedera helix, Ruscus aculeatus, Arum italicum grew in majority. Measurements of air momentary temperature and relative humidity at various distances from entrance showed expected changes – increase of relative humidity and decrease of air temperature values toward the inside of features.
(54) Meliorativna uloga borovih kultura na predjelu Kamenjak – otok Rab
@eljko [panjol, Damir Bar~i}, Roman Rosavec Sveu~ili{te u Zagrebu, [umarski fakultet, Sveto{imunska 25, 10000 Zagreb, Hrvatska spanjol≤sumfak.hr
Borove kulutre na otoku Rabu zauzimaju povr{inu od cca 800 ha. Najve}u udio u tim kulturama ima ale- pski bor (Pinus halepensis Mill.), zatim primorski bor (Pinus pinaster Ait.), crni bor (J.F.Arnold) i pinija (Pinus pinea L.). Glavna uloga borovih kultura je meliorativna: za{tita tla, povratak autohtone vegetacije, pobolj{anje svojstava tla te ekonomska. Cilj rada je prikazati put od osnivanja sastojina na degradiranom stani{tu (ka- menjara) do povrata autohtone vegetacije. Istra`ivanja su provedena u kulturi podignutoj 1936./1937. godine. Uz alepski bor sa|eni su pinija i crni bor te una{ano sjeme autohtonih vrsta: hrast crnika (Quercus ilex L.), lovor (Laurus nobilis L.), crni jasen (Fraxinus ornus L.) i obi~ni koprivi} (Celtis austrails L.). Na pokusnoj plohi pra}eni su strukturni elementi: broj stabala, temeljnica, prirast, volumen, zatim razvoj vegetacije i tla. Osim pra}enja razvoja borove kulture istovremeno je pra}en i strukturni razvoj drve}a i grmlja autohtone vegetacije. Analizom dobivenih rezultata nastojimo utvrditi da li je tijekom jedne ophodnje (generacije) kulture alepskog bora preko mje{ovite sastojine hrasta crnike i alepskog bora mogu}e do}i do autohtone, stabilne sastojine hrasta crnike sa svim njenim pratilicama.
Ameliorative role of pine cultures in the area of Kamenjak – the island of Rab
@eljko [panjol, Damir Bar~i}, Roman Rosavec University of Zagreb,Faculty of Forestry,Sveto{imunska 25, 10000 Zagreb, Croatia spanjol≤sumfak.hr
Pine cultures on the island of Rab cover an area of about 800 ha. In these cultures, the largest share is taken up by Aleppo pine (Pinus halepensis Mill.), followed by maritime pine (Pinus pinaster Ait.), black pine 71 (J.F. Arnold) and stone pine (Pinus pinea L.). Pine cultures have a primarily ameliorative role in terms of soil pro- tection, the return of autochthonous vegetation, improvement of soil properties, but their economic role is also significant. The paper follows the course from the establishment of a stand in a degraded site (wasteland) to the return of autochthonous vegetation. Research was carried out in a culture established in 1936/1937. The species that were planted include Aleppo pine, stone pine and black pine. The seeds of the following autochthonous species were introduced: holm oak (Quercus ilex L.), bay laurel (Laurus nobilis L.), Manna ash (Fraxinus ornus L.) and Mediterranean hackberry (Celtis australis L.). The structural elements monitored in the sample plot include the number of trees, basal area, increment, volume, the growth of vegetation and soil. Simultaneously with monitoring the growth of the pine culture, the structural development of trees and shrubs of autochthonous vegetation was also monitored. The analysis of the obtained results will show whether it is possible to obtain an autochthonous and stable stand of holm oak with all the accompanying species through a mixed stand of holm oak and Aleppo pine in the course of one rotation (generation) of the culture of Aleppo pine.
(55) Od vegetacijsko –ekolo{ke do ekolo{ko-gospodarske klasifikacije {uma i {umskih stani{ta Hrvatske
Zvonimir Pelcer Vidikovac 22, 51000 Rijeka, Hrvatska
U toku detaljnih vegetacijskih istra`ivanja i kartiranja {ireg podru~ja Risnjaka prof. I.Horvat je okupio grupu znanstvenika i prakti~ara – {umara, poljoprivrednika, meteorologa i pedologa, s namjerom da se istra`e mogu}nosti prakti~ne primjene fitocenolo{ke klasifikacije: u {umarstvu (rast i prirast glavnih vrsta drve}a), u poljoprivredi (hranidbena vrijednost travnja~kih asocijacija), mikroklima i tipovi tala {umskih fitocenoza i dr. Za {umarstvo je to bila ujedno i promocija nove znanstvene discipline koje je usvojena nakon prvih provjera na terenu. Zatim je objavljen tematski sadr`aj istra`ivanja u Shemi suvremenog tipolo{kog istra`ivanja {uma koja sadr`i dvije grupe): ekolo{ko-biolo{ku (klima, reljef, stijene, tlo i fitocenoza) i {umsko gospodarsku (struktura sastojina, na~in uzgoja te rast, prirast i kvalitete produkcije sastojine).Sintezom analiza obiju grupa definira se osnovna jedinica klasifikacije – Ekolo{ko-gospodarski tip {ume (EGT). Poznato je da u biljno-geografskom i {umsko-gospodarskom smislu postoje znatne razlike izme|u mediteranske, gorske i panonske regije Hr- vatske. Da bi obuhvatili sve te razli~itosti primjenili smo metodu uzoraka pomo}u profila {irokih dva i dugih desetke kilometara. Detaljno smo, u mjerilu karata 1:25.000, obradili 9 reprezentativnih objekata u gorskom podru~ju i 12 u brdsko-nizinskom, s 3.000 primjernih ploha. Svrha je novog pristupa da se primjenom tipolo{ke klasifikacije u uzgajanju i ure|ivanju {uma pove}a obim i kvalitet produkcije na{ih {uma.
From vegetational-ecological to ecological – economical classification of forests and forrest habitats of croatia
Zvonimir Pelcer Vidikovac 22, 51000 Rijeka, Croatia
During detailed vegetational research and mapping of wider Risnjak area, professor I. Horvat gathered a group of scientist and practitioners - foresters, agriculturalists, meteorologists and pedologists, in order to research possibilities of practical use of phitoceneological classification: in forestry (growth and increase of major tree species), in agriculture (nutritional value of lawn associations), microclimate and types of soils of forest phitocenosis et al.For the forestry this was also a promotion of new scientific discipline that was adopted after the first checks on the field.Afterwards, thematic part of the research was done in the Scheme of modern typological research of forests that has two groups (components):Ecological-biological (climate, relief, rocks, soil and phitocenosis) and Forrest -economical (structure of components, mode of cultivation, growth, increase and production quality of components.Through the synthesis of analysis of both groups, the basic unit of clas- sification is defined – Ecological-economical type of forests (EGT). The fact is that in biological-geographical and forest-economical sense there are substantial differences between Mediterranean, mountain and Pano- nian regions of Croatia. In order to encompass all of these varieties we have used the sample method with the help of profiles 2 km wide and 10 km long. We have processed in detail, within the ratio of map 1: 25 000, 9 representative objects in mountain regions and 12 in hillside-valley regions with 3 000 exemplary surfaces. The aim of this new approach is to increase the size and production quality of our forests through implementation of appropriate typological classification in the cultivation and management of forests.
72 (56) Struktura broja stabala -od ponika do mladika- ekolo{ko-gospodarskih tipova {uma u Nacionalnom parku “Risnjak“
Maja Grade~ki*, Karmelo Po{tenjak**, Ivan Malnar*** *[umarski institut, Jastrebarsko, Cvjetno naselje 41,Jastrebarsko, Hrvatska **Odjel lovstva i za{tite prirode Veleu~ili{ta u Karlovacu, Trg J. Strossmayera 9, Karlovac, Hrvatska ***Nacionalni park Risnjak, Bijela vodica 40, Crni lug, Hrvatska marijag≤sumins.hr
Gotovo jedno stolje}e {ume na podru~ju N.P. Risnjak plijene pa`nju i interes su istra`iva~a {umara, biologa i drugih, a svakako me|u njima ime prof. dr. sc. Ive Horvata i njegovih suradnika je ostavilo znanosti te- meljne spoznaje. Sredinom sedamdesetih godina pro{log stolje}a postavili smo stalne pokusne plohe (veli~ine 100 m x100 m) na podru~ju parka u 6 ekolo{ko-gospodarskih tipova {uma: I-B-10, I-B-30, I-C-10, I-C-20, I-C-30 i I-C-40 na kojima smo izmjerili najva`nije taksacijske parametre (Po{tenjak 1994.). Tijekom 2005.godine smo na istim plohama izvr{ili prebrojavanje mladog nara{taja ( [afar 1963.) od ponika do mladika tj. taksacijske grani- ce od 11 cm prsnog promjera. Dobiveni rezultati su vrlo razli~iti kako po ekolo{ko-gospodarskim tipovima tako isto i po razvojnim stadijima mladog nara{taja, tako je: ukupan prosje~ni broj mladog nara{taja samo 21308/ha (od 4075/ha do 52800/ha); prosje~an broj jele je skromnih 9416/ha (od 4075/ha do 26500/ha), prosje~an broj smreke je najve}i i iznosi 44150/ha (od 27600/ha do 52800/ha), dok je prosjek bukve 9803/ha (od 2600/ha do 24200/ha). Ponik je najlo{ije zastupljen u mladom nara{taju, prosje~no ga ima vrlo skromnih 1,9% (prema nor- mali). Najbolji je kod smreke 5,6%, vrlo lo{ je kod jele 0,7%, dok ga kod bukve nismo na{li tj. 0,0%. Pomladak je ne{to bolje zastupljen, prosje~no ga je 11,3% (prema normali), najbolji je kod bukve 30,9%, lo{ je kod smreke 3,5%, dok je najlo{iji kod jele bezna~ajnih 0,9%. Mladika ima prosje~no 58,8% (prema normali), najvi{e ga je – i previ{e kod bukve 141,9%, zna~ajno lo{iji je kod smreke svega 28,8%, a najlo{iji – izuzetno skroman samo 5,7% je kod jele.Ovakovo stanje je posljedica niza ~injenica me|u kojima su najzna~ajnije ponajprije kakvo}a sjemena i plodono{enje, promjene fizi~ko-kemijsko-biolo{kih osobina tla ( osobito humusnog horizonta kao posljedice mokro-suhih depozicija te{kih kovina i itd. Glava~ 1988.), gospodarenja sastojinama (to~nije ne- gospodarenja koje je rezultiralo velikim u~e{}em fizi~ki i fiziolo{ki zrelih i prezrelih stabala – osobito jele) itd. Nepotrebno je nagla{avati da svaka `iva jedinka ima svoj trenutak nastanka, tijek razvoja i trenutak nestanka, stoga se tijek razvoja ne mo`e konzervirati – `ivoj jedinki ~ovjek mora pomo}i – ne odnemo}i, pa je nu`no dosada{nje gospodarenje preispitati tj. mijenjati sa svrhom pomaganja ekosustavu.
Structure of the Number of Trees (from saplings to young plants) in Ecological-Management Types of the “Risnjak” National Park
Maja Grade~ki*, Karmelo Po{tenjak**, Ivan Malnar*** *Forest research institute, Jastrebarsko, Cvjetno naselje 41,Jastrebarsko, Croatia **Odjel lovstva i za{tite prirode Veleu~ili{ta u Karlovacu, Trg J. Strossmayera 9, Karlovac, Croatia ***Risnjak National Park, Bijela vodica 40, Crni lug, Croatia marijag≤sumins.hr
For almost a century the forests of Risnjak have attracted the attention of forest researchers, biologists and others. Among them Prof. Ivo Horvat and his co-workers contributed fundamental knowledge to science. In the mid-seventies of the last century permanent experimental plots were set up (100 m x 100 m in size) in the area of the park, in six ecological-managerial types of forest: I-B-10, I-B-30, I-C-20, I-C-30 and I-C-40, on which we measured the most important estimation parameters (Po{tenjak, 1994). During 2005 we counted the young growth on the same plots ([afar 1963), from saplings to young plants, i.e. measurement limit of 11 cm dbh. The results obtained were very varied, both with regard to the ecological-managerial types and to the development stages of the young growth, as follows. The total average number of young growth was only 21308/ha (from 4075/ha to 52800/ha), the average number of fir was a modest 9416/ha (from 4075/ha) to 26500/ha), the average number of spruce was greatest 44150/ha (from 17600/ha to 52800/ha), while the average number of beech was 9803/ha (from 2600/ha to 24200/ha). Seedlings were the worst represented in the young growth and was on average a very modest 1.9% (according to the norm), it was best for spruce 5.6%, very poor for fir 0.7%, while for beech it was for example 0.0%. Sapling were somewhat better represented, on average 11.3% (according to the norm), best for beech 30.9%, poor for spruce 3.5%, while it was poorest for fir with an insignificant 0.9%. Young trees had an average of 58.8% (according to the norm), it was most and even excessive for beech 141.9%, significantly poor for spruce with only 28.8%, and the poorest - exceptionally modest 5.7% for the fir. Such a con- dition/state is the consequence of several factors, among which the most important are primarily the quality of 73 the seed and seed crop, changes in the physical-chemical-biological characteristics of the soil (particularly the humus horizon as the result of wet-dry depositions of heavy metals etc. (Glava~ 1988), management of stands (more precisely non-management which resulted in great frequency of physically and physiologically ripe and over-ripe trees - particularly of the fir) etc. It is unnecessary to emphasise that every living unit has its moment of creation, course of development and moment of dying. Thus, the course of development cannot be conserved - the living unit must be helped by man - not hindered, and it is therefore essential that management should be re-examined, i.e. changed with the purpose of helping the ecosystem.
(57) Sjeverni dio otoka Cresa – Tramuntana, kao podru~je od me|unarodnog zna~aja za o~uvanje nekih vrsta kornja{a (Coleoptera)
Slavko Polak Notranjski muzej Postojna, Ljubljanska 10, SI-6230 Postojna, Slovenija slavko.polak≤guest.arnes.si
Sjeverni dio otoka Cresa, zvan Tramuntana, obrastao je starom submediteranskom {umom hrasta i graba (Querco-Carpinetum). Na starim deblima izra`eni su tragovi sje~e grana, pa je zbog toga velik dio stabala u zna~ajnom “glavatom obliku”. Sje~om grana za ishranu stoke, naro~ito koza, vjerojatno su se slu`ili sto~ari u pro{losti. Ve}ina tih starih stabala su zbog sje~e {uplja i kao takva predstavljaju habitat za odre|ene vrste kukaca. Od kornja{a je najva`nija vrsta me|unarodnog zna~aja Osmoderma eremita (Scarabeidae), koja je na podru~ju Tramuntane utvr|ena u zna~ajnom broju. U Hrvatskoj je ta vrsta unato~ svom {irokom raspro- stranjenju dosta rijetka, do sada poznata samo s 31 lokaliteta. Brojnost ove vrste, ~ija se li~inka razvija u {uplji- nama starih stabala, u Europi je u brzom je opadanju, pa se stoga nalazi na popisu Anex II Direktive Europske Zajednice o habitatima (Council Directive 92/43/EEC) kao krovna vrsta za za{titu `ivotinjskih zajednica {upljih debala. Na aneksu Direktive su i vrste: Lucanus cervus (Lucanidae), Cerambyx cerdo i Morimus funereus (Cerambycidae), koje su tako|er uo~ene u {umskom podru~ju Tramuntane. Ovo podru~je, osim po svojim poznatim prirodnim vrijednostima, ovim nalazima ispunjava i koleopterolo{ke kriterije za progla{enje pSCI podru~jem (potentional Site of Community Interest) i kao takvo je zna~ajno kao mogu}i prijedlog Republike Hrvatske u sklopu pribli`avanja EU.
Northern region of the Cres island - Tramuntana, as the area of international importance for the protection of some beetle species (Coloptera)
Slavko Polak Notranjska museum Postojna, Ljubljanska 10, SI-6230 Postojna, Slovenia slavko.polak≤guest.arnes.si
Northern region of the Cres island - Tramuntana, as the area of international importance for the protec- tion of some beetle species (Coloptera) Northern region of the Cres Island, called Tramuntana, is covered in old Submediterranean woods of oak and hornbeam (Querco-Carpinetum). Traces of branch cutting are visible on old tree trunks; because of that, a large number of trees is shaped in a noticeable “head-like form”. In the past, this was most likely a common practice of graziers who cut branches for the feeding of livestock, especially goats. Most of these old trees have hollow trunks because of the cuttings and as such they became a habitat for certain species of insects. As for the beetles, the most important species of international value - Osmoderma eremita (Scarabei- dae), has been found on the Tramontana region in high numbers. Despite its wide distribution, this species is extremely rare in Croatia. So far, it has been recorded on only 31 localities. Numbers of this species, whose larvae develop in the hollows of old trees, is in the rapid decline in Europe. Due to that, the species is listed on the Annex II index of the EU Directive on Habitats (Council Directive 92/43/EEC) as the major species for the protection of animal communities of hollow trunks. In addition, Lucanus cervus (Lucanidae), Cerambyx cerdo and Morimus funereus (Cerambycidae) species, also registered in the Annex of the Directive, are found in the woodland area of Tramuntana. This region, in addition to its known natural values, due to these findings fulfils coleopterological criteria necessary to be awarded the status of pSCI area (potential Site of Community Interest) and, as such, it is important as a possible suggestion of the Republic of Croatia within the process of approximation to the EU.
74 (58) Novi nalazi crnog da`devnjaka, Salamandra atra Laurenti 1768 (SALAMANDRIDAE, AMPHIBIA) u Hrvatskoj
Irena Grbac*, Eduard Klete~ki*, Marin Grgurev** * Zoolo{ki odjel, Hrvatski prirodoslovni muzej, 10000 Zagreb, Demetrova 1, Hrvatska **JU Park prirode U~ka, Lovran, Liganj 42, Hrvatska Irena.grbac≤hpm.hr
U radu navodimo nove nalaze crnog da`devnjaka Salamandra atra u Hrvatskoj. Vrsta je novoprona|ena na ]i}ariji i na U~ki, oboje u podru~ju Parka prirode «U~ka», u Gorskom kotaru te na @umberku, u podru~ju Parka prirode «@umberak-Samoborsko gorje». U radu raspravljamo o rasprostranjenosti i zna~ajkama stani{ta ove rjetke vrste da`devnjaka.
New findings of the Alpine Salamander, Salamandra atra Laurenti 1768 (SALAMANDRIDAE, AMPHIBIA) in Croatia
Irena Grbac*, Eduard Klete~ki*, Marin Grgurev** *Department of Zoology, Croatian Natural History Museum, Demetrova 1, 10000 Zagreb, Croatia **U~ka Nature Park, Lovran, Liganj 42, Croatia Irena.grbac≤hpm.hr
In this paper we present new findings of the Alpine Salamander, Salamandra atra in Croatia. The species was found on new sites on ]i}arija and on U~ka Mt., both inside the borders of U~ka Nature Park, in Gorski kotar and inside the borders of Nature Park @umberak-Samoborsko gorje. We also discussed the range and habitat characteristics of this rare species.
(59) Makrozoobentos akumulacijskih jezera HE Vinodol
Zlatko Mihaljevi}, Mladen Kerovec, Ivan~ica Ternjej, Du{ka [a{a Zoologijski zavod, Biolo{ki odsjek, PMF, Sveu~ili{te u Zagrebu, Rooseveltov trg 6, 10000 Zagreb, Hrvatska zmihalj≤zg.biol.pmf.hr
Zajednica makrozoobentosa akumulacija Lokve, Lepenica, Bajer i Tribalj istra`ivana je sezonski tijekom 2005. godine. Cilj istra`ivanja bio je utvrditi gusto}u i raznolikost faune dna, jer ona predstavlja zna~ajan izvor hrane za faunu riba. Akumulacije predstavljaju stresno stani{te za faunu dna zbog velikih kolebanja nivoa vode te brze sedimentacije organskih i anorganskih ~estica. Malo~etina{i (Oligochaeta) i li~inke dvokrilaca iz po- rodice Chironomidae dominiraju brojno{}u i biomasom na ve}ini istra`ivanih postaja. Akumulacija Lepenica izdvaja se od ostalih akumulacija po dominaciji dvokrilaca iz roda Chaoborus. Najve}a raznolikost makrozoo- bentosa zabilje`ena je na podru~ju akumulacije Bajer, a najmanja u akumulaciji Lokve. U svim istra`ivanim akumulacijama manja raznolikost makrozoobentosa zabilje`ena je na postajama koje se nalaze uz branu, u odnosu na postaje koje se nalaze u pli}im dijelovima jezera. Maksimalna brojnost i biomasa makrozoobentosa zabilje`ena je tijekom travnja u akumulaciji Bajer (109075 jed.m-2, uz biomasu od 70,499 g.m-2), i to na postaji koja se nalazi na pli}em djelu jezera obraslom makrofitskom vegetacijom. Poznato je da je gusto}a populacija makrozoobentosa ve}a u naseljima vegetacije, nego na podru~jima bez vegetacije, {to se obja{njava razno- likijim izvorima hrane, a vegetacija predstavlja i zaklon od predatora (riba).
Macrozoobenthos of hydroelectric power plant Vinodol reservoirs
Zlatko Mihaljevi}, Mladen Kerovec, Ivan~ica Ternjej, Du{ka [a{a Department of Biology, Faculty of Science, University of Zagreb, Rooseveltov trg 6, 10000 Zagreb, Croatia zmihalj≤zg.biol.pmf.hr
Sampling was carried out seasonally in 2005 at four reservoirs (Lokve, Lepenica, Bajer and Tribalj), aimed to evaluating bentic abundance and biomass, as important component in the diet of fish species. Wa- ter level fluctuation and high sedimentation rates are disturbance factors that prevented the organization of community. Oligochaetes and chironomids constituted the bulk of the total macrozoobenthos in most of the 75 investigated reservoirs. Excaption was Lepenica reservoir where Chaoborus dominated. The highest species richness was found in Bajer reservoir, while the lowest species richness characterized Lokve reservoir. Species richness and diversity was minimal in the deepest part of the reservoirs and maximal in the shallows. Maximum densities and biomass of macroinvertebrates (109075 ind.m-2; 70,499 g.m-2, respectively) were recorded in April, in a shallow part of the Bajer reservoir covered by dense macrophyte community. Macrozoobenthic community within beds of submerged aquatic plants is generally much richer than that of bare mud. This may reflect the nature of the food supply or the provision of additional niches by the roots and rhizomes and detritus of the plants.
(60) Rasprostanjenost slatkovodnih rakova reda Decapoda na podru~ju Istre, Kvarnera i Gorskog kotara – pro{lost i sada{njost
Ivana Maguire, Sanja Gottstein Mato~ec, Göran Klobu~ar, Radovan Erben, Mladen Kerovec Zoologijski zavod, Biolo{ki odsjek, PMF, Rooseveltov trg 6, 10000 Zagreb, Hrvatska imaguire≤public.srce.hr
U radu su prikazani podaci o rasprostranjenosti deseterono`nih rakova na podru~ju Istre, Kvarnera i Gorskog kotara. Podaci su prikupljeni iz prirodoslovnih zbirki i dostupne literature kao i tijekom terenskih istra`ivanja provedenih u razdoblju od 1989. godine do danas. Cilj ista`ivanja je bio dobiti uvid u recentnu rasprostanjenost deseterono`nih rakova u slatkovodnim stani{tima istra`ivanog podru~ja kako bi se provela usporedba s prethodnim istra`ivanjima te utvrdile nastale promjene u rasprostranjenosti i sastavu vrsta. Porodi- ca Astacidae je na istra`ivanom podru~ju zastupljena s tri vrste: Austropotamobius pallipes, Austropotamobius torrentium i Astacus astacus. Usporedbom prethodnih i recentnih nalazi{ta utvrdili smo razlike u sastavu vrsta, najvjerojatnije uzrokovane antropogenim djelovanjem. Porodica Atyidae zastupljena je s jednom nadzemnom vrstom slatkovodne kozice (Atyaephyra desmaresti) i tri populacije kompleksa podzemne kozice (Troglocaris cf. anophthalmus). Slatkovodna kozica Palaemonetes antennarius jedini je predstavnik porodice Palaemo- nidae u slatkim vodama istra`ivanog podru~ja. Recentnim istra`ivanjem utvr|eni su novi nalazi svih navede- nih vrsta kozica. Istra`ivanja su ukazala na potrebu izrade baze podataka o rasprostranjenosti deseterono`nih rakova istra`ivanog podru~ja, koju bi trebalo redovito nadopunjavati kako bi postojao stalni uvid u kvalitativne i kvantitativne promjene istra`ivanih svojti te stupanj ugro`enosti pojedinih populacija, vrsta i stani{ta, {to bi pridonijelo njihovoj pravilnoj i pravovremenoj za{titi.
Distribution of freshwater decapods in Istria, Kvarner and Gorski kotar – past and present
Ivana Maguire, Sanja Gottstein Mato~ec, Göran Klobu~ar, Radovan Erben, Mladen Kerovec Department of Zoology, Faculty of Science, University of Zagreb, Rooseveltov trg 6, 10000 Zagreb, Croatia imaguire≤public.srce.hr
In this work data on the distribution of freshwater decapods in Istria, Kvarner and Gorski kotar are given. We gathered data from historical sources (natural history collections, literature) as well as from our own investigations conducted from 1989 up to the present time. The aim of this research was to improve the knowledge on the nowadays distribution and to compare it with historical data as to establish differences both in the distribution and species composition. In the region studied, family Astacidae is presented by three spe- cies: Austropotamobius pallipes, Austropotamobius torrentium and Astacus astacus. Comparison of histori- cal and recent data has shown that differences do exist and are probably a consequence of human activities. Family Atyidae is presented with one surface freshwater shrimp species (Atyaephyra desmaresti) and three populations of cave shrimp species complex (Troglocaris cf. anophthalmus). Freshwater prawn Palaemonetes antennarius is the only species from family Palaemonidae that was found within the study area. During recent research new localities inhabited with the mentioned freshwater shrimps were found. This research has shown the need for construction of a regularly updated, regional database for freshwater decapods records, because for any conservation plans to succeed, continuous monitoring of the situation in the field (quantitative and qua- litative changes in composition of species and populations as well as changes in habitat) needs to be done.
76 (61) Zna~ajke slatkovodnih vrsta riba istarskog poluotoka
Milorad Mrakov~i}, Marko ]aleta, Perica Mustafi}, Zoran Mar~i}, Davor Zanella, Ivana Buj Zoologijski zavod Prirodoslovno-matemati~kog fakulteta u Zagrebu, Rooseveltov trg 6, 10000 Zagreb, Hrvatska milorad.mrakovcic≤zg.t-com.hr
Ihtiofauna istarskog poluotoka nikada nije sustavno prou~avana. U 19 stolje}u znanstvene podatke o slatkovodnoj ihtiofauni Istre objavljuju talijanski autori. Podaci objavljeni nakon drugog svjetskog rata bili su rijetki, a lokaliteti u radovima dati su op}enito. Teoretski oko 49 vrsta riba moglo bi se pojaviti na ovom poluoto- ku. Rezultati na{ih istra`ivanja dobiveni su raznim tipovima ribolova na rijekama: Mirna, Boljun~ica, Butoniga, Pazin~ica, Ra{a, Ra~ica, Podmeri{~e i akumulacije Butoniga, Letaj i Rakov potok.U ihtiolo{kim istra`ivanjima provedenim u zadnje vrijeme u slatkim vodama istarskog poluotoka zabilje`eno je 36 vrsta riba, iz 16 porodica. Od izrazito slatkovodnih vrsta dvanaest vrsta je autohtono, a 10 je uneseno. Posebno je nagla{ena valorizacijska vrijednost, stupanj ugro`enosti i i zna~ajke ihtiofaune. U slatkom vodama Istre naj~e{}e vrste su bijeli klen (Leuciscus cephalus albus), linjak (Tinca tinca), jegulja (Anguilla anguilla), krku{a (Gobio gobio), mren (Bar- bus plabejus) Endemske ugro`ene vrste, ~ija stani{ta i nalazi{ta Hrvatska kao potpisnica raznih konvencija o za{titi prirode mora ~uvati, a nalaze se na podru~ju Istre su: Acipenser naccari, Acipenser sturio, Lethenteron zanandreai, Aphanius fasciatus, Barbus plebejus, Alburnus albidus, Padogobius martensi, Knipowischia pa- nizzae, Pomatoshistus canestrini. Sve ove vrste nalaze se na crvenoj listi ugro`enih riba Hrvatske.
Characteristics of freshwater fish species in the Istrian peninsula
Milorad Mrakov~i}, Marko ]aleta, Perica Mustafi}, Zoran Mar~i}, Davor Zanella, Ivana Buj Department of Zoology, Faculty of Science, University of Zagreb, Rooseveltov trg 6, 10000 Zagreb, Croatia milorad.mrakovcic≤zg.t-com.hr
The ichthyofauna of the Istrian peninsula has never been systematically studied. In the 19th centu- ry scientific data on the freshwater ichthyofauna of Istra were mainly published by Italian authors. The data published since the second world war have been rare, and the localities given in these papers were not spe- cific . Theoretically, about 49 fish species have occurred on this peninsula. The results of our investigations were obtained by various methods of fishing on the rivers: Mirna, Boljn~ica, Butoniga, Pazin~ica, Ra{a, Ra~ica, Podmeri{}e and the accumulation of Butoniga, Letaj and Rak stream. In ichthyological investigations carried out recently in fresh waters of the Istrian peninsula, 36 fish species were recorded from 16 families. Of the fre- shwater species, 12 species were native, and 10 were introduced . In the fresh waters of Istra the most frequent fish species are the White Chub Leuciscus( cavedanus), Tench (Tinca tinca), European Eel (Anguilla anguil- la), Gudgeon (Gobio gobio) and Adriatic Barbel (Barbus plebejus). Especially emphasized is the degree of endangerment of certain species. Numerous endemic endangered species, whose habitats and finding places Croatia as the signatory country of various conventions on the protection of nature needs to protect, are found in the Istrian region such as: Acipenser naccari, Acipenser sturio, Lethenteron zanandreai, Aphanius fasciatus, Barbus plebejus, Alburnus albidus, Padogobius bonelli, and Pomatoschistus canestrinii. All these species are on the red list of endangered fish species in Croatia.
(62) Promjene i struktura ihtiofaune akumulacija Bajer i Lokve tijekom 50 godina
Zoran Mar~i}, Perica Mustafi}, Davor Zanella, Marko ]aleta, Ivana Buj, Milorad Mrakov~i} Zoologijski zavod Prirodoslovno-matemati~kog fakulteta u Zagrebu, Rooseveltov trg 6, 10000 Zagreb, Hrvatska zmarcic≤zg.biol.pmf.hr
Ihtiolo{ka istra`ivanja u Gorskom Kotaru na akumulacijama Bajer i Lokve provedena su u prolje}e, ljeto i jesen 2005. godine. Izlov je proveden standardnim ihtiolo{kim metodama elektroagregatom i mre`ama staja~icama razli~ite veli~ine oka, a rezultati su uspore|eni sa rezultatima izlova iz 1987. Uspore|uju}i rezul- tate iz pro{log istra`ivanja dogodile su se kvalitativne i kvantitativne promjene u ihtiofauni. U akumulaciji Bajer zabilje`ene su nove vrste; {tuka, grge~, sun~anica i amur, a nisu zabilje`eni pijor i kalifornijska pastrva. U ukup- nom ulovu od 241 jedinke, ukupne mase 130,7 kg, ulovljeno je deset vrsta riba. Shannon-Wienerov indeks ihtio- 77 raznolikosti u akumulaciji Bajer iznosio je 2,318, a recipro~ni Simpsonov indeks 4,186. Klen je najbrojnija vrsta, a u ihtiomasi najzastupljeniji je linjak. U akumulaciji Lokve pojavile su se nove vrste; {tuka, grge~ i babu{ka, a nije zabilje`en karas. Ulovljeno je osam vrsta, 353 jedinke ukupne mase 109,7 kg. Shannon-Wienerov indeks ihtioraznolikosti u akumulaciji Lokve izosio je 2,078, a recipro~ni Simpsonov 3,252. Najbrojnija je vrsta klen, a u ihtiomasi najzastupljeniji je {aran. Broj~ani odnosi riba u akumulacijama Bajer i Lokve promijenjeni su u korist toplovodnih vrsta riba.
Changes and structure of ichthyofauna during the 50 years of existence of the hydro accumulation Bajer and Lokva
Zoran Mar~i}, Perica Mustafi}, Davor Zanella, Marko ]aleta, Ivana Buj, Milorad Mrakov~i} Department of Zoology, Faculty of Science, University of Zagreb, Rooseveltov trg 6, 10000 Zagreb, Croatia zmarcic≤zg.biol.pmf.hr
Ichthyological investigations in Gorski Kotar on the accumulation waters of Bajer and Lokva were car- ried out in the spring, summer and autumn of 2005. The catch was conducted by standard ichthyological methods with an electrogenerator and gill nets of various mesh sizes. The results were compared with those of the catch from 1987 and some qualitative and quantitative changes occurred in the ichthyofauna. In the Bajer accumulation new species were recorded; Northeren Pike, European Perch, Pumpkinseed and Grass Carp, and the Common Minnow and Rainbow Trout were not recorded. In the total catch of 241 individuals, with the total mass of 130.7 kg, there were 10 fish species. The Shannon-Wiener index of ichthyodiversity in the Bajer accumulation was 2,318, and the Reciprocal Simpson index was 4,186. The most numerous fish was the Com- mon Chub, and in the ichthyomass the most representative was the Tench. Some new species occurred in the Lokva lake; Northeren Pike, European Perch and Prussian Carp, and the Crucian Carp was not recorded there. Eight species of fish were caught, 353 individuals, with a total mass of1 0,9735.5 g. The Shannon-Wiener index of ichthyodiversity in the Lokva lake was 2,078, and the Reciprocal Simpson index was 3,252. The most frequently caught species was the Common Chub, and in the ichthyomasss the most representative was the carp. The number relation of fish in the Bajer and Lokva accumulations were changed for the good of the warm water fish species
(63) Promjene u sastavu ihtiofaune akumulacije Butoniga zabilje`ene tijekom dugotrajnih promatranja
Perica Mustafi}, Milorad Mrakov~i}, Bojana Hajduk – ^erneha, Davor Zanella, Marko ]aleta, Ivana Buj, Andreja Brigi}, Zoran Mar~i} Zoologijski zavod Prirodoslovno-matemati~kog fakulteta Sveu~ili{ta u Zagrebu, Rooseveltov trg 6, 10000 Zagreb, Hrvatska pmustafi≤zg.biol.pmf.hr
U zadnjih 19 godina postojanja akumulacije Butoniga ihtiofauna se prou~avala tijekom sedam godina. Pri tom su uo~ene promjene u sastavu zajednice riba koje se doga|aju sa starenjem akumulacije. Za vrijeme prvih istra`ivanja u 1987. godini novoformirana akumulacija bila je naseljena sa 9 vrsta riba: Leuciscus cave- danus, Leuciscus sp., Gobio gobio, Alburnus albidus, Tinca tinca, Barbus plebejus, Phoxinus phoxinus, Pa- dogobius boneli i Anguilla anguilla. Jedini pravi predator u jezeru bila je jegulja. Jezero je bilo ciprinidnog tipa sa dominantnim vrstama bijelim klenom i mrenom. Ve} 1999. godine prvotni sastav ihtiofaune u akumulaciji zna~ajno se mijenja jer se u zajednici javljaju {aran, babu{ka i {tuka, vrste zanimljive sportskim ribolovcima koji njima nezakonito poribljavaju jezero. Sastav ihtiofaune dodatno se mijenja 2001. godine kada se u zajedni- ci javlja smu|, ~ija je brojnost u konstantnom porastu, dok se smanjuje udio brojnosti {arana i babu{ke, vrsta koje zamuljuju jezero te na taj na~in di`u trofiju. Uz smu|a udio u brojnosti linjaka konstantno se pove}ava. Istovremeno s opisanim procesima iz zajednice nestaju autohtone vrste mren, krku{a, klen struga~ i pijor. Kroz godine, trofi~ki procesi i razni ekolo{ki utjecaji promijenili su strukturu ihtiocenoza. Kao najva`niji regulatori ihtiocenoza spominju se: temperatura i kakvo}a vode, vrijeme zadr`avanja vode u akumulaciji i fluktuacija povr{ine jezera.
78 Long-term changes to ichthyofauna composition of Butoniga reservoir
Perica Mustafi}, Milorad Mrakov~i}, Bojana Hajduk – ^erneha, Davor Zanella, Marko ]aleta, Ivana Buj, Andreja Brigi} and Zoran Mar~i} Department of Zoology, Faculty of Science, University of Zagreb, Rooseveltov trg 6, 10000 Zagreb, Croatia pmustafi≤zg.biol.pmf.hr
In the 19 year history of the Butoniga reservoir lake, ichthyofauna of the reservoir has been studied for seven years. Over time, changes were observed in the composition of the fish community. During the first studies in 1997, the newly formed reservoir lake was inhabited with 9 fish species: Leuciscus cavedanus, Leuciscus sp., Gobio gobio, Alburnus albidus, Tinca tinca, Barbus plebejus, Phoxinus phoxinus, Padogobius boneli and Anguilla anguilla. The only true predator in the lake was Eel. The lake was of a cyprinid character with White Cub and Adriatic Barbel as the dominant species. In 1999, the initial species composition of the lake was altered with the appearance of Carp, Prussian Carp and Pike, species interesting to sports fishermen who had illegally stocked the lake with them. The species composition continued to change and in 2001, Pikeper- ch was found in the lake. This species is continually growing in abundance, with a decreasing share of total abundance of Carp and Prussian Carp, species which stir up lake silt thus increasing trophic processes. With growing Pikeperch numbers, the Tench population also is constantly on the rise. Parallel to these processes, the indigenous species Adriatic Barbel, Gudgeon, Leuciscus sp. and Minnow have disappeared from the fish community. Over time, trophic processes and various ecological impacts have altered the ichthyological struc- ture. The most important regulators of the fish community are: temperature and water quality, water holding times in the reservoir and fluctuation of the lake’s surface.
(64) Primjena foto zamki u pra}enju kretanja divljih `ivotinja u Gorskom kotaru
Goran Gu`vica*, Tomislav Gomer~i}**, Lidija [ver**, \uro Huber** *OIKON d.o.o. - Institut za primijenjenu ekologiju, Vlade Prekrata 20, 10000 Zagreb, Hrvatska **Zavod za biologiju, Veterinarski fakultet Sveu~ili{ta u Zagrebu, Heinzelova 55, 10000 Zagreb, Hrvatska gguzvica≤oikon.hr
U okviru istra`ivanja velikih zvijeri u Hrvatskoj 2002. godine zapo~eto je pilot istra`ivanje upotrebe foto zamki. Foto zamke su foto aparati povezani sa senzorima koji bilje`e svaki prolaz `ivotinje. Takav ure|aj postavljen na ciljano mjesto mo`e nam pru`iti vrijedne informacije o vrsti `ivotinja koje prolaze te o dnevnoj ili sezonskoj u~estalosti njihovog prolaska. Tu metodu mogu}e je koristiti u znanstvene svrhe za fotoidentifikaciju jedinki, odnosno procjenu broja jedinki pojedinih vrsta na istra`ivanom podru~ju. Foto zamke mogu}e je ko- ristiti i kao metodu utvr|ivanja koridora kretanja `ivotinja preko trasa budu}ih autocesta, u svrhu preciznijeg odre|ivanja mjesta za izgradnju propusta za `ivotinje. Nakon izgradnje propusta za `ivotinje tom metodom mogu}e je utvrditi u~estalost prolaska `ivotinja, odnosno opravdanost izgradnje takovih objekata.Sve do sada postavljane foto zamke bile su u Gorskom kotaru i to ispod vrha Sopa~ gdje je zabilje`ena visoka u~estalost stradanja medvjeda na `eljezni~koj pruzi, te na podru~ju Nacionalnog parka “Risnjak” radi fotoidentifikacije `ivotinja i mogu}eg utvr|ivanja broja razli~itih jedinki iste vrste. Dosada{nji rezultati obuhva}aju 14 fotografija medvjeda (16 jedinki), 3 fotografije vukova (2 jedinke), 23 fotografije lisica (7 jedinki), 4 fotografije jazavca (3 jedinke), 3 fotografije srna (2 jedinke), te vi{e fotografija vjeverica, kuna i ptica od ukupno 61 uspjele fotogra- fije.
Photo traps as a method of wild animal movements monitoring in Gorski kotar region
Goran Gu`vica*, Tomislav Gomer~i}**, Lidija [ver**, \uro Huber** *OIKON Ltd Institute for applied ecology, Prekratova 20, 10000 Zagreb, Croatia **Department of biology, Faculty of Veterinary medicine, University of Zagreb, Heinzelova 55, 10000 Zagreb, Croatia gguzvica≤oikon.hr
The pilot project of phototraps usage strarted in 2002 under the research of large carnivores in Croatia. Phototraps are cameras connected with the sensors which record animal movements. That photo set placed on certain location can give us useful information about the species and frequency of their daily or seasonal 79 movements.Scientific purpose of the method is photoidentification of individuals, and estimation of the popula- tion size of different species on the investigated area. Phototraps can be used as a method for determination of corridors of wild animal movements across future highways to precisely locate the building place for crosses for animal movements.All phototraps have been located in the Gorski kotar region on the Sopa~ hill where the high frequence of bear mortality on railroad was registrated as well as in the “Risnjak” National Park for photoi- dentification of animals and for determination of the number of the same species individuals.Collected results include 14 photographs of bears (16 individuals), 3 photographs of wolves (2 individuals), 23 photographs of foxes (7 individuals), 4 photographs of badger (3 individuals), 3 photographs of deers (2 individuals), and se- veral photographs of squirrels, martens and birds out of 61 useful photographs.
(65) Utjecaj dru{tvenogospodarskih promjena na srne}u divlja~ u {umariji Skrad
Karmelo Po{tenjak*, Boris Mulc**, Maja Grade~ki*** *Odjel lovstva i za{tite prirode Veleu~ili{ta u Karlovacu, Trg J. Strossmayera 9, Karlovac, Hrvatska **Hrvatske {ume d.o.o., [umarija Skrad, Goranska 20, Skrad, Hrvatska ***[umarski institut, Jastrebarsko, Cvjetno naselje 41,Jastrebarsko, Hrvatska j.culig≤vuka.hr
Podru~je {umarije Skrad se nalazi u centralnom sjevernom dijelu Gorskog kotara uz granicu sa Slo- venijom. Zbog svojih orografskih i inih razloga Gorski kotar je od davnina slabo naseljeno podru~je Hrvatske, iako je u 18. stolje}u izgra|ena Lujzinska cesta koja je povezala kontinentlani i primorski dio Hrvatske, a i `eljez- nica je izgra|ena u 19. stolje}u. Obje ove prometnice su imale ogroman utjecaj na gospodarstvo i svekoliko `ivljenje stanovnika ovoga kraja. Globalne gospodarske i ine promjene koje su se de{avale tijekom minula pola stolje}a ostavile su nepovratne posljedice – naj~e{}e nepo`eljne - kako u `ivljenju stanovnika ovoga kraja tako jo{ vi{e u ekosustavima, gdje srne}a divlja~ ~ini samo jednu od niza komponenti. U promatranom minulom polustoljetnom vremenu populacija srne}e divlja~i bila je suo~ena sa izrazitim negativnim posljedicama, prije svega vrlo velikim osiroma{enjem kakvo}e i kvantitete ishrane (23 sela i zaseoka bez ijednog stanovnika i 21 selo i zaseok sa manje od 5 stanovnika, smanjenje poljoprivredno-ratarske proizvodnje na < 11,7 %, sto~arske proizvodnje na < 2,4%, zakorovljavanje pa{nja~kih povr{ina >60%), kontinuiranim pove}anim uznemiravanjem (preko ~etiri puta ve}om pove}anom otvoreno{}u {uma i svekolikog prostora > 12,91km/1000ha, vi{estrukom brojno{}u lovaca – pove}anje >800%, uporabom tehnolo{ki ubojitijeg lova~kog oru`ja i municije tj. sredinom pedesetih je bilo <5% oru`ja sa u`lijebljenim cijevima – kuglama, a sada je > 70%, nekada se je lovilo pje{ice, danas automobilima i opti~kim pomagalima). Regulatori prirodne ravnote`e medvjed i vuk tako|er su zna~ajni ~imbenici visine populacije srne}e divlja~i. Nedvojbeno je pove}anje brojnosti medvjeda zadnjih nekoliko desetlje}a, a vuk je stavljen pod za{titu unatrag desetak godina ~ime su ova dva nekada „normalna“ ~lana fau- ne sada postali destruktivni, a od kraja sedamdesetih zna~ajno im poma`e i introducirani Karpatski ris. Njihovo zajedni~ko djelovanje na populaciju srne}e divlja~i je oko 100 komada godi{nje na podru~ju {umarije! Isto tako je razvidno opadanje brojnosti srne}e populacije kroz statisti~ke – evidentirane podatke odstrela koji sada iznosi < 25% u odnosu na po~etak 20. stolje}a!
Influence of Socio-Economic Changes on Roe-deer Game in the “Skrad” Forest Office
Karmelo Po{tenjak*, Boris Mulc**, Maja Grade~ki*** *Odjel lovstva i za{tite prirode Veleu~ili{ta u Karlovacu, Trg J. Strossmayera 9, Karlovac, Croatia **Hrvatske {ume d.o.o., [umarija Skrad, Goranska 20, Skrad, Croatia *** Forest research institute, Jastrebarsko, Cvjetno naselje 41,Jastrebarsko, Croatia j.culig≤vuka.hr
The Forest Office of Skrad is situated in the northern central part of Gorski kotar along the border with Slovenia. Due to orographic and other reasons Gorski kotar has always been a poorly populated Croatian region, although the Lujzijanska road was built in the 18th century, connecting continental and littoral parts of Croatia, and a railway was constructed in the 19th century. Both communication routes had enormous influence on the economy and overall life of inhabitants in this area. Global economic and other changes, which occurred during the last fifty years, have left irretrievable consequences - predominantly undesirable - both in the life of inhabitants of this area and even more in ecosystems, where roe-deer game comprises only one out of many components. During the observed fifty-year period the population of roe-deer game was confronted with many unfavourable consequences. Primarily great impoverishment of the quality and quantity of nutrition occurred. 80 For example 23 villages and hamlets without even one inhabitant and 21 villages and hamlets with fewer than five inhabitants, reduction in agricultural economy and crop-farming to < 11.7 %, livestock breeding produc- tion to < 2.4 %, weed covered pasture grounds > 60 %); continued increase of interference with nature, four times larger increase in accessibility of forests and the overall area > 12.91 km/1000 ha, multiple increase in the number of hunters > 800 %, use of technologically more deadly hunting weapons and ammunition. Namely, in the middle 1950s there were > 5 % weapons with grooved barrels - bullets, while now the figure reaches > 70 %. Hunting was once carried out on foot, while nowadays cars and optical aids are in use. Regulators of na- tural balance, the bear and wolf, are also significant factors affecting the amount of roe-deer population. Thus, an increase in the number of bears in the past few decades is evident. The wolf was placed under protection some ten years ago, by which these “normal” members of fauna became destructive, which was significantly helped by the introduction of the Carpathian lynx. Their combined effect on the population of roe-deer amounts to 100 heads yearly within the forest office region. Furthermore, statistically recorded data on hunt kill show a decline in the number of the roe-deer population, as it now amounts to < 25 % in relation to the beginning of the 20th century.
(66) Sezonska raspodjela i ekolo{ki zna~aj kriptofita (nanoflagelata) u Rije~kom zaljevu i u Vinodolskom kanalu
Damir Vili~i}*, Ingrid Ivan~i}**, Goran [afarek* *Prirodoslovno-matemati~ki fakultet Sveu~ili{ta, Biolo{ki odjel, Rooseveltov trg 6, 10000 Zagreb, Hrvatska **Centar za istra`ivanje mora, Institut Ru|er Bo{kovi}, G. Paliaga 5, 52210 Rovinj, Hrvatska dvilici≤biol.pmf.hr
Kriptofiti su va`ni bi~a{i koji uz dinoflagelate, kokolitoforide i zelene alge, ~ine glavninu nanoplanktona (stanice veli~ine 2 – 20 µm) u moru. Stanice imaju ~vrst proteinski periplast, pa su lako prepoznatljive pod svjetlosnim mikroskopom. Istra`ivanje je provedeno u okviru nacionalnog projekta Jadran u Rije~kom zaljevu i u Vinodolskom kanalu kod Crikvenice, u razdoblju od 2002 do 2005 godine. Uzorci su uzeti Nansenovim cr- pcem. Abundancija fitoplanktona je odre|ena inverznim mikroskopom, salinitet i temperatura sondom CTD, a nutrijenti standardnim metodama. Najja~i razvoj kriptofita zabilje`en je u povr{inskom sloju (0–10 m). Razvoj ovisi o hidrografskim svojstvima i razvojem ostalog fitoplanktona s kojim stupa u kompeticiju za nutrijente i s kojim stvara i transformira organsku tvar. Razvoj kriptofita se u istra`ivanom podru~ju doga|a naj~e{}e u prolje}e, nakon dotoka nutrijenata i po~etnog razvoja dijatomeja. Kriptofiti se naj~e{}e razvijaju istovremeno s dinoflagelatima i zelenim bi~a{ima. Iako im pogoduje pove}ana koncentracija nutrijenata, ~esto se razvijaju uz dinoflagelate u oligotrofnim ljetnim uvjetima, vjerojatno zbog njihove sposobnosti miksotrofne prehrane. Mala ljetna koncentracija fosfata i nitrata (naj~e{}e manja od 0.01, odnosno 1 µmol L-1), te mala abundancija dijatomeja i dinoflagelata (manje od 105, odnosno 5x103 stanica L-1), pokazuju da je istra`ivano podru~je oli- gotrofno.
Seasonal distribution and ecological characteristics of cryptophytes (nanoflagellates) in the Rijeka Bay and Vinodol Channel
Damir Vili~i}*, Ingrid Ivan~i}**, Goran [afarek* * Faculty of Science, Division of Biology, University of Zagreb, Rooseveltov trg 6, 10000 Zagreb, Croatia **Center for Marine Research, Institute Ru|er Bo{kovi}, G. Paliaga 5, 52210 Rovinj, Croatia dvilici≤biol.pmf.hr
Cryptophytes, dinoflagellates, coccolithophorids and green algae, mostly contribute to marine nano- plankton (cell size 2 – 20 µm). Cryptophyte cells are easily recognizable under the light microscope, due to their stiff proteinaceous periplast. The research has been performed in the frame of the national project “Adria- tic”, in the Rijeka Bay and Vinodol Channel near Crikvenica, during 2002 - 2005. Samples were taken by Nansen samplers. Phytoplankton abundance was determined using inverted microscope, thermohaline characteristi- cs by CTD profiler, and nutrients by standard methods. Intensive development of cryptophytes was detected in the surface layer (0–10 m), and regulated by hydrographic conditions and competition for nutrients with other phytoplankton. Cryptophytes contribute to formation and transformation of organic matter in the sea. Deve- lopment of cryptophytes appeared in spring, following influx of nutrients and proliferation of diatoms. Usually in oligotrophic summer conditions, the abundance of cryptophytes was positively and significantly correlated 81 with dinoflagellates, indicating their metabolic mutualism (mixotrophic potential). Low summer concentration of orthophosphates and nitrates (usually less than 0.01, and 1 µmol L-1, respectively), and small abundance of diatoms and dinoflagellates (less than 105, and 5x103 cells L-1, respectively), indicated oligotrophic condi- tions.
(67) Doprinos poznavanju zajednice crvene alge Catenella caespitosa (Withering) L.M. Irvine (Gigartinales, Rhodophyceae) slovenske obale, sjeverni Jadran
Claudio Battelli University of Primorska, Faculty of Education of Koper, Cankarjeva 5, 6000 Koper, Slovenia, SI claudio.battelli≤guest.arnes.si
U radu su prikazani rezultati istra`ivanja stani{ta crvene alge Catenella caespitosa (Withering) L.M. Irvine na slovenskoj obali, sjeverni Jadran. Istra`ivanje tijekom 2004. godine temelji na mjese~nim uzorko- vanjima. Ukupno je otkriven 31 takson, od kojih je bilo 7 Chlorophycota, 6 Rhodophycota, 2 Phaeophycota i 16 Cyanobacteria. Stani{te je najve}im dijelom bilo prekriveno taksonima malog uzrasta s jednostavnom mor- fologijom. Ve}im dijelom su to bili epifiti na dominantnoj crvenoj algi C. caespitosa. Stani{te se dobro razvija u zasjenjenim pukotinama stijena gornjeg mediolitorala, gdje stvara guste slojeve debljine od 0.5 do 1.5 cm i fragmentarno se razvija diskontinuiranom distribucijom. Stani{te je razvijeno na dubini od pribli`no 30 cm od srednjeg nivoa vodene povr{ine. Niske vrijednosti koli~nika razli~itosti i koli~nika jednoli~ne distribucije (0.5 i 0.2) ukazuju, da je za vrijeme istra`ivanja prevladavao mali broj vrsta algi. Tetrasporociste su za vrijeme istra`ivanja bile jedine opa`ene reproduktivne strukture alge C. caespitosa i razvijale su se od kasnog prolje}a do rane jeseni.
Contribution to the knowledge of the Catenella caespitosa (Withering) L.M. Irvine (Gigartinales, Rhodophyceae) community of the Slovenian coast, northern Adriatic Sea
Claudio Battelli University of Primorska, Faculty of Education of Koper, Cankarjeva 5, 6000 Koper, Slovenia, SI claudio.battelli≤guest.arnes.si
The results of a study on the Catenella caespitosa (Withering) L.M. Irvine community of the Slovenian coast of the northern Adriatic Sea, are presented. The investigation, carried out in the year 2004, was based on monthly sampling. The flora consisted of 31 taxa: 7 Chlorophycota, 6 Rhodophycota, 2 Phaeophycota and 16 Cyanobacteria. The assemblage consisted mostly of small-sized algal species, with simple morphology. Most of them were epiphytes on the dominant red alga C. caespitosa. The assemblage was well developed in shaded fissures and covered rock crevices in the upper midlittoral zone, forming dense turfs, between 0.5 cm and 1.5 cm thick, with a very patchy and irregular distribution. The vertical distribution of the assemblage encompassed about 30 cm, starting from the mean level of water surface. Low mean values of diversity index (0.5) and evenness (0.2) in the course of the study indicated a situation of dominance of a low number of spe- cies. Tetrasporangia were the only reproductive structures recorded for C. caespitosa during this study. Thalli bearing mature tetrasporangia were observed from late spring to early autumn.
(68) Koliko je foraminiferskih vrsta u hrvatskom dijelu Jadranskog mora?
Sandra Deak*, Du{an Zavodnik**, Vlasta ]osovi}*, Alan Moro* *Geolo{ko-paleontolo{ki zavod, Geolo{ki odsjek, Prirodoslovno-matemati~ki fakultet, Sveu~ili{te u Zagrebu, Horvatovac 102a, 10000 Zagreb, Hrvatska **Centar za istra`ivanje mora, Institut “Ru|er Bo{kovi}”, G. Paliaga 5, 52210 Rovinj, Hrvatska sandra.deak≤zg.t-com.hr
Foraminifere (Granuloreticulosea) su brojna, va`na, raznolika grupa organizama koje nalazimo u svjetskim morima i oceanima u okoli{ima od nadplimske ravnice do abisalnih dubina. Na`alost, malo je objavljenih podataka o foraminiferama (na~inu rasprostiranja, sastavu zajednica) u hrvatskom dijelu Jadran- skog mora, najve}i dijelom zbog slabog istra`iva~kog interesa za tu grupu jednostani~nih organizama. Od 82 objavljivanja De`eli}eve monografije (1896) pa do ranih devedesetih godina 20.tog stolje}a, do objavljivanja Atlasa Foraminiferskih vrsta u Sredozemnom moru (Mediterranean Foraminifera, Cimerman & Langer 1991), istra`ivanja foraminifera su bila sporadi~na. Bila su to uzorkovanja tijekom kratkog vremenskog perioda s vi{e lokacija koja su odabrana zbog svojih geografskih specifi~nosti (Cimerman i dr.,1 988) ili se uzorkovalo tijekom du`eg vremenskog razdoblja na jednoj lokaciji (Daniels 1970) radi pra}enja promjena sastava zajednice pre- ma promjenama fizikalno-kemijskih osobina u okoli{u. Lako uo~ljive promjene u sastavu foraminiferskim zaje- dnicama uslijed one~i{}enja i kontaminacije okoli{a (industrijski otpad, poljoprivredni otpad, kanalizacija), istakla su foraminifere kao vrlo jednostavno i upotrebljivo sredstvo za pra}enje promjena kvalitete okoli{a. Naime, foraminifere se jednostavno sakupljaju, identifikacija im je laka zahvaljuju}i specifi~nim karakteristika- ma na svojim skeletima i brojne su. Nekoliko znanstvenih ~lanaka te desetak diplomskih radova (svi izra|eni u Geolo{ko-paleontolo{kom zavodu, PMF-a) o recentnim foraminiferama u Jadranskom moru, od kasnih deve- desetih godina 20.tog stolje}a, inicirao je M. Jura~i} s Zagreba~kog sveu~ili{ta sa svojom grupom suradnika i studenata.Do danas, 538 vrsta recentnih foraminifera je registrirano u hrvatskom dijelu Jadranskog mora pre- ma dostupnim publikacijama. Prepoznate foraminifere klasificirane su u 4 podreda prema Loeblich i Tappan (1988) klasifikaciji. Za potrebe izrade studije o bioraznolikosti Jadranskog mora, foraminifere su klasificirane prema ERMS standardu. Njihova klasifikacija pokazala je kako benti~ke foraminifere dominiraju brojem vr- sta. Od 74 foraminiferske porodice, samo su 2 porodice ( s 19 vrsta) po na~inu `ivota planktonske. Ovakav omjer je u skladu s mjestima uzorkovanja, karakterom Jadranskog mora, te op}im trendom odnosa benti~kih i planktonskih vrsta u oceanima (od 4000 recentnih vrsta, 40 su planktonske; Wetmore internetski izvor). 25 porodica je monospecifi~nih Tako u podredu Allogromiina je1 porodica s jednom vrstom, u podredu Miliolina ih je 3, u podredu Textulariina 7, odnosno u podredu Rotaliina ~ak 14. Porodica Miliolidae broji ~ak 149 vrsta. Najbrojnije su foraminifere koje klasificiramo u podred Rotaliina (45 porodica i 282 vrste). Rotalije, raznolike s obzirom na na~in `ivota (plitke-duboka infauna, epifauna) i na~in prehrane (suspenzojedi, muljojedi), nalazimo rasprostranjene na podlogama razli~itih sedimentolo{kih karakteristika od u{}a rijeke Mirne do Mljetskih jeze- ra. Ve}ina benti~kih foraminifera su tzv. foraminifere oportunisti (r-stratezi). Foraminifere specijalisti (K-stratezi) su zastupljene predstavnicima iz porodice Peneroplidae (mutualisti~kog odnosa s crvenim algama), Soritidae i Amphisteginidae, sve zajedno samo 10 vrsta.
How many foraminifera live in the Croatian coastal area of the Adriatic Sea?
Sandra Deak*, Du{an Zavodnik**, Vlasta ]osovi}*, Alan Moro* *Department of Geology and Paleontology, Faculty of Science, University of Zagreb, Horvatovac 102a, 10000 Zagreb, Croatia **Center for Marine Research, Rudjer Bo{kovi} Institute, G. Paliaga 5, 52210 Rovinj, Croatia sandra.deak≤zg.t-com.hr
Foraminiferida (Granuloreticulosea) are an important, abundant and diverse taxon distributed from the supralittoral of the sea coasts to the abysses of the world oceans. Information on their distribution in the Croatian coast of the Adriatic Sea is scarce because of weak research interest on their distribution. From the time of De`eli} (1896) until the 1990s and the appearance of Mediterranean Foraminifera (Cimerman & Langer 1991), the study of foraminifera has included sporadic collecting of samples from peculiar sites (Cimerman et al. 1988) during a very short time interval or collecting of samples from a site over an extended period of time (Daniels 1970). The need to assess the impact of pollution (industrial, agricultural, and other anthropogenic chemicals) in the Adriatic Sea leads to the study and use of foraminiferal assemblages as environmental qua- lity indicators in coastal settings. From several publications and Diploma Thesis (realized at the Department of Geology and Paleontology, Faculty of Science ) on recent foraminifera, well documented are assemblages from the Mljet Lakes, where in the late 1990s, many studies were initiated by the research group of M. Jura~i} of Zagreb University.A total of 583 recent foraminiferal species were reported from Croatian coast. They are classified into 4 suborders according to Loeblich & Tappan (1987) classification system. For making an over- view on the Adriatic Sea biodiversity, foraminifera are classified according to the ERMS protocol. The forami- niferal list unveiled that benthonic taxa prevailed. Among 74 families recorded in literature, only 2 families are planktonic. Such relationship reflects the coastal area of sampling, epicontinental character of the Adriatic Sea and, general world trend in benthic vs. planktonic foraminiferal richness (40 planktonic species among 4000 fo- raminiferal species). There are 25 monospecific families. Within suborder Allogromiina one family consists of one species, suborder Miliolina has 3 families, suborder Textulariina seven, while suborder Rotaliina fourteen. Family Miliolida has the greatest species richness (149 species are listed). The representatives of suborder Rotaliina outnumber others (45 families and 282 species). A variety of life-strategies within rotaliids, shallow to deeper infaunal to epifaunal forms, detritivores to filter feeders, occur from Mirna river bay to the south to Mljet Lakes. A majority of foraminifera are so-called r-strategists (opportunists). The foraminifera known as K- 83 strategists are rare, peneroplids (possession of rhodophyte photosymbionts), soritids and amphisteginids, all together 10 species.
(69) Foraminiferske zajednice recentnih sedimenata jugozapadne Istre
Adriana Bor~i}*, Martina Hervat*, Danijela Bogner** *Odjel za studij mora, Sveu~ili{te u Splitu, Livanjska 5, 21000 Split, Hrvatska **Institut za oceanografiju i ribarstvo, [etali{te I. Me{trovi}a 63, 21000 Split, Hrvatska adriana.borcic≤gmail.com
U podru~ju luke Pula te otoka Veliki Brijun uzeta su ~etiri uzorka sedimenta radi odre|ivanja zajednica `ivih (obojanih) i ukupnih foraminifera. Za analizu su kori{teni poduzorci koji su sadr`avali oko 300 jedinki u frakciji sedimenta > 63 μm. U podru~ju luke Pula (postaje P1 i P2) odre|en je najvi{i broj rodova (73) te {irok raspon broja jedinki na jedan gram suhog sedimenta (272-2682 ind. g-1). Prevladavaju epifaunalne vrste s dominantnim rodom Quinqueloculina, a udio `ivih (obojanih) jedinki je do 1%.Postaje na podru~ju otoka Veliki Brijun sadr`e najni`i broj vrsta (42) te u`i raspon broja jedinki (319-403 ind. g-1). Epifaunalne vrste prevlada- vaju na postaji s vanjske strane otoka (B1) s dominantnom vrstom Asterigerinata mamilla. Izdvaja se postaja B2 (Ribnjak) sa visokim udjelom infaune i dominacijom roda Ammonia. Udio `ivih jedinki kre}e se od 4 do 14%. Istra`ivane postaje pripadaju normalnim marinskim uvjetima, {to potvr|uju rezultati indeksa bilo{ke raznoliko- sti (Fisher i Shannon indeks) kao i trokomponentni dijagram odnosa tipova stijenki foraminifera.
Foraminiferal distribution in recent sediment from southwest part of Istria
Adriana Bor~i}*, Martina Hervat*, Danijela Bogner** *Centre for Marine Studies, University of Split, Livanjska 5, 21000 Split, Croatia **Institute of Oceanography and Fisheries, [etali{te I. Me{trovi}a 63, 21000 Split, Croatia adriana.borcic≤gmail.com
[email protected] surface sediment samples were taken in Pula harbour (2 stations) and near the Island of Veliki Brijun (2 stations) for total and living (stained) foraminiferal assemblages. The analyses were done from the fraction larger than 63 µm, on the aliquots containing about 300 foraminiferal specimens. The highest number of species (73) and the widest range of foraminifera individua per one gram dryed sedi- ment (272-2682 ind. g-1) were determined in Pula harbour. The ratio of stained foraminifera in this area was up to 1%. In the sediment samples prevailed epifaunal species with dominant genues Quinqueloculina.The area of Island of Veliki Brijun was characterised by the low number of species (42) and the narow range of foramini- fera individua per one gram dryed sediment (319-403 ind. g-1). The ratio of stained foraminifera in this area was up to 14%. Epifaunal species prevailed only at station located at outer side of the Island with dominant species Asterigerinata mamilla. The second station, located in ex-piscine, separated from all other by higher infauna ratio and dominant genues Ammonia. All investigated stations belong to normal marine condition, which was confirmed by biological diversity indexes (Fisher and Shannon) as well as shell-type ratio triangular diagram.
(70) Recentna foraminiferska zajednica iz Velikog jezera (Mljet, Jadransko more)
Martina Mei}*, Vlasta ]osovi}**, Mladen Jura~i}**, Kristina Pikelj**, Antonieta Po`ar-Domac*** *Trg kralja Tomislava 33, Velika Gorica, Hrvatska **Odjel geologije i paleontologije, Geolo{ki odsjek, Prirodoslovno-matemati~ki fakultet, Sveu~ili{te u Zagrebu, Horvatovac 102a, 10000 Zagreb, Hrvatska ***Odjel biologije, Prirodoslovno-matemati~ki fakultet, Sveu~ili{te u Zagrebu, Rooseveltov trg 6, 10000 Zagreb, Croatia martinameic≤net.hr
Istra`ivani su sedimenti dna (granulometrija i udio karbonata) i pripadaju}e foraminiferske zajednice (sastav, indeksi bioraznolikosti) na tri lokacije u Velikom jezeru (otok Mljet). Uzorci su sakupljani u rujnu 2003. autonomnim ronjenjem na dubinama od 16 m, 24 m i 32,5 m. Uzorci su za biolo{ku analizu obojani Rose benga- 84 lom, kako bi se raspoznale `ive, odnosno uginule jedinke foraminifera. Uzorci su zatim isprani na situ promjera 63 µm, a pri determinaciji vrsta kori{ten je kriterij prema Loeblichu i Tappanu (1988). Sedimentolo{ka analiza provedena je na sedigrafu SediGraph 5100, a rezultati su intepretirani u suglasju s Folkovom klasifikacijom (1954).Bentoske vrste podreda Rotalina dominiraju u svim uzorcima. U uzorku s dubine od 16 m, u dobro sorti- ranom {ljunkovitom pijesku, najbrojnije su jedinke vrsta Quinqueloculina seminula (20%) i Rosalina sp. (20%), a slijedi Asterigerinata mamilla (11,1%). Navedene vrste pripadaju kategoriji epifitskih, odnosno epizoanskih foraminifera. U najkrupnijem sedimentu dna s dubine od 24 m, u pjeskovitom {ljunku, jedinke vrste Asterige- rinata mamilla su najzastupljenije me|u bentoskim foraminiferama i to sa 24,2%. U uzorku s najve}e dubine, u najsitnozrnatijem tipu sedimenta, {ljunkovito muljevitom pijesku, dominiraju bentoske foraminifere Asterigeri- nata mamilla (21,54%) i Rosalina sp. (16,4%). Planktonske foraminifere, vrste Globigerina quinqueloba grade 32,6%, odnosno 13,33% foraminiferske zajednice u sedimentima na dubini od 24 m, odnosno 32,5 m.Vrlo mali broj jedinki je obojan. Broj vrsta raste s dubinom, Fisherov a indeks je konstantan (oko 6) i ukazuje na normalan marinski okoli{. Vrijednost Shannon - Wienerovog ineksa H(S) je ujedna~ena, s „ni`im“ vrijednostima u uzor- cima u kojima je vrlo dobra sortiranost (uzorci s dubina od 24 m, odnosno 32,5 m), {to je u neposrednoj vezi sa sastavom podloge i njenim hidrodinami~kim osobinama. Konstantan sastav bentoskih vrsta na istra`ivanim lokacijama, koje se razlikuju prema tipu podloge, upu}uje na zaklju~ak kako u Velikom jezeru, kr{koj potoplje- noj depresiji, tip podloge nije ograni~avaju}i ekolo{ki ~imbenik za foraminifere.
Recent Foraminiferal Assamblage from Veliko Jezero (Mljet Island, Adriatic Sea)
Martina Mei}*, Vlasta ]osovi}**, Mladen Jura~i}**, Kristina Pikelj**, Antonieta Po`ar-Domac*** *Trg kralja Tomislava 33, Velika Gorica, Croatia **Department of Geology and Paleontology, Division of Geology, Faculty of Science, University of Zagreb, Horvatovac 102a, 10000 Zagreb, Croatia *** Department of Biology, Faculty of Science, University of Zagreb, Rooseveltov trg 6, 10000 Zagreb, Croatia martinameic≤net.hr
Research was undertaken to analyze the sediment from sea-bottom (granulometry and carbonate con- tent) and associated foraminiferal assamblages (composition and biodiversity) on three locations in Veliko jezero (Mljet Island). Samples were collected by scuba-diving in September 2003 at depths of 16 m, 24 m and 32.5 m. For biological analysis, samples were coloured with Rose bengal to show which specimens were alive at the time they were collected. Samples were washed over a sieve (mesh 63 µm in diameter). The Loeblich & Tappan criterion (1988) was used for determination of species. The sedimentological analyses were per- formed on SediGraph 5100 and the results were interpreted according to Folk (1954) classification.Benthic species of the Rotalina suborder are dominant in all the samples. In the sample from the depth of 16 m, in well sorted gravelly sand, the most numerous are Quinqueloculina seminula (20%) and Rosalina sp. (20%), followed by Asterigerinata mamilla (11.1%). These species are epiphytons or epizoans, herbivores or filter-feeders. In the coarse-grained sediments from the depth of 24 m, named as sandy gravels, individuals of Asterigerinata mamilla are the most numerous within benthic foraminiferal (24.2%) association. In the deepest sample, the fine-grained sediment, gravelly silty sand, benthic Asterigerinata mamilla (21.5%) and Rosalina sp. (16.4%) are dominant forms. Planktonic foraminifera Globigerina quinqueloba makes 32.6% and 13.3% of foraminiferal community in sediments at depths of 24 m and 32.5 m.A very small number of foraminiferal tests were colou- red. The number of species increases with depth, Fisher a index is constant (around 6) and indicates a normal marine environment. Shannon-Wiener index H(S) is more or less the same in all samples, with „lower“ values in the well sorted samples (samples from 24 m and 32.5 m), where hydrodynamic properties of sediments depict somewhat higher water energy. Generally speaking, the constant composition of benthic species from the studied samples, in spite of differences in substrate types, tells us that in Veliko jezero, a submerged karstic depression, the substrate is not a limiting ecological factor for foraminiferal distribution.
85 (71) Kameni koralji u podmorju Kvarnera
Petar Kru`i}, Antonieta Po`ar-Domac Laboratorij za biologiju mora, Biolo{ki odsjek, Prirodoslovno matemati~ki fakultet, Sveu~ili{te u Zagrebu, 10000 Zagreb, Rooseveltov trg 6, 10000 Zagreb, Hrvatska pkruzic≤zg.biol.pmf.hr
Biogeografsko tuma~enje faune kamenih koralja Jadranskog mora jo{ se uvijek zasniva na problemima sistematike i nedostatku podataka. Prema podacima iz literature, te nedavnih istra`ivanja, u podru~ju Kvarnera prona|eno je i sakupljeno 16 vrsta kamenih koralja s 49 postaja. Prona|ene vrste predstavljaju oko 57% dosad ukupno prona|enih kamenih koralja u Jadranskom moru i oko 50% u Sredozemnom moru. ^etiri vrste smatraju se endemima Sredozemnog mora. Raznolikost podloge i bentoskih zajednica zna~ajna je za rasprostranjenost kamenih koralja u podru~ju Kvarnera. Kolonijalni kameni koralj Cladocora caespitosa tvori velike, jedinstvene grebenaste tvorbe na jugu otoka Prvi}a, u podru~ju jakog pridnenog hidrodinamizma. Prija{nji nepouzdani podaci o nalazima kamenih koralja Caryophyllia cyathus i Coenocyathus anthophyllites, potvr|eni su ovim istra`ivanjima za ovaj dio Sredozemnog mora. Vrsta Guynia annulata, prije prona|ena u Jadranskom moru samo na jugu Italije kod mjesta Bari, utvr|ena je i na sjevernim dijelovima otoka Prvi}a i Lo{inja. S obzirom na veliku raznolikost stani{ta u podru~ju Kvarnera, uklju~uju}i {pilje i duboke podmorske klifove na otocima, potrebna su daljnja istra`ivanja kako bi se dobila potpuna slika o fauni kamenih koralja.
Records of Scleractinian corals in Kvarner Region
Petar Kru`i}, Antonieta Po`ar-Domac Laboratory for Marine biology, Department of Biology, Faculty of Science, University of Zagreb, 10000 Zagreb, Rooseveltov trg 6, 10000 Zagreb, Croatia pkruzic≤zg.biol.pmf.hr
Biogeographical interpretation of the Scleractinian fauna of the Adriatic Sea is still based on taxono- mical problems and shortage of data. Using data of recent research and previous literature records, sixteen Scleractinian species were recorded and collected in the area of Kvarner Region from 49 stations. Recorded species account for about 57% of Anthozoans known in the Adriatic Sea, and for about 50% of Anthozoans known in the Mediterranean Sea. Four species are considered to be Mediterranean endemics. Heterogenity of substrates and benthic communities is considerable in the Kvarner Region, with Anthozoans present on most different kinds of substrates and in a wide range of benthic communities. Colonial coral Cladocora caespitosa builds a large, remarkable “reef-like” structure in the south of Prvi} Island, in the area characterized by strong bottom hydrodynamism. The previously uncertain occurrence in this part of the Mediterranean Sea is confir- med for the first time for the scleractinians Caryophyllia cyathus and Coenocyathus anthophyllites. The scle- ractinian Guynia annulata, previously recorded in the Adriatic only from the southern Italian coast near Bari, has been found on the Croatian coast as far north as Prvi} and Lo{inj Islands. The diversity of habitats, including caves and deep cliffs, is high on the submergent coast of Kvarner Region with its abundance of islands. Further research on the status of Scleractinian corals seem to be necessary.
(72) Starost i rast prnjavice Venus verrucosa L. (Bivalvia: Veneridae) u sjevernom Jadranu, Pula
Martina Hervat*, Lovorka Kekez*, Melita Peharda**, Zvjezdana Popovi}*, Nika Stagli~i}*, Nedo Vrgo~** *Odjel za studij mora, Sveu~ili{te u Splitu, Livanjska 5, 21000 Split, Hrvatska **Institut za oceanografiju i ribarstvo, [etali{te I. Me{trovi}a 63, 21000 Split, Hrvatska martina.hervat≤gmail.com
Starost i rast prnjavice Venus verrucosa (Linnaeus 1758) istra`ivani su na primjercima prikupljenim iz komercijalnih lovina s lokaliteta u blizini Pule (sjeverni Jadran) u velja~i 2006. Starost {koljka{a odre|ivana je na temelju analize unutra{njih godi{njih linija rasta nakon rezanja desne lju{ture. Na svakom primjerku izmjerena je udaljenost svake linije rasta od umba, te su starost i rast dodatno procijenjeni prema prirastima koriste}i Gulland-Holt metodu. Duljina analiziranih primjeraka V. verrucosa bila je od 37,1 do 52,0 mm (x=43,8±4,2 mm), dok se procijenjena starost kretala od 4,5 do 11,5 godina (x=7,5±1,6 godina). Starosnim sastavom lovine 86 dominirao je {estogodi{nji razred (28%) sa srednjom du`inom od 42,6 mm. Stariji primjerci (starosni razred deset i jedanaest) predstavljali su mali udio u lovini (~5%). Rezultati ovog istra`ivanja pokazuju da V. verrucosa dosti`e minimalnu lovnu du`inu od 25 mm u svojoj drugoj godini. S obzirom na primijenjene metode, dobi- vene su slijede}e von Bertalanffijeve jednad`be rasta: prema metodi direktne analize linija rasta jednad`ba Lt=48.85 (1-e-0.329(t+0.283)), te prema Gulland-Holt metodi jednad`ba Lt=49.14 (1-e-0.313(t-to)). Navedene jednad`be se ne razlikuju zna~ajno, f’1= 6,67 i f’2= 6,63.
Age and growth of Venus verrucosa L. (Bivalvia: Veneridae) in the northern Adriatic, Pula
Martina Hervat*, Lovorka Kekez*, Melita Peharda**, Zvjezdana Popovi}*, Nika Stagli~i}*, Nedo Vrgo~** *Centre for Marine Studies, University of Split, Livanjska 5,21000 Split, Croatia **Institute of Oceanography and Fisheries, [etali{te I. Me{trovi}a 63, 21000 Split, Croatia martina.hervat≤gmail.com
Age and growth of the warty venus Venus verrucosa (Linnaeus 1758) was investigated on specimens collected from a commercial catch near Pula (northern Adriatic) in the February 2006. Shells were aged based on internal annual growth lines revealed by shell sectioning of the right valve. On every specimen, distan- ces between each growth line and umbo were measured. In addition, age and growth were estimated from growth increments using Gulland-Holt method. Length of analysed V. verrucosa ranged from 37.1 to 52.0 mm (x=43.8±4.2 mm), while estimated age ranged from 4.5 to 11.5 years (x=7.5±1.6 years). The age structure of the catch was dominated by the sixth-age-class (28%) with the average length of 42.6 mm. Older specimens (age class ten and eleven) represented a small proportion of the catch (~5%). Results of this study indicate that V. verucossa reaches the minimal catch length of 25 mm in its second year. With respect to the methods applied, obtained von Bertalanffy equations for length were: according to direct analysis of growth lines equa- tion Lt=48.84 (1-e-0.329(t+0.283)) and according to Gulland-Holt method equation Lt=49.14 (1-e-0.313(t-to)). These equations did not differ from each other, f’1= 6,67 and f’2= 6,63.
(73) Imposex in Hexaplex trunculus as a biomarker for environmental contamination by TBT in Istrian coasts.
Francesca Garaventa, Giuliano Greco, Christian Corrà, Sarah Fiorini, Marco Faimali CNR - Institute of Marine Sciences, Department of Marine technologies, Via de Marini, 6, 16149 Genova, Italy francesca.garaventa≤ismar.cnr.it
Imposex, the superimposition of male sexual organs (penis and vas deferens) onto female in Neoga- stropods such as Hexaplex trunculus, is utilized world-wide as biomarker of the ecological impact of organotin based antifouling biocides (TBT and TPhT). To tackle the problem of organotin pollution, the International Ma- ritime Organization (IMO) has enacted the global ban of organotin compounds applied as antifouling systems by 1th January 2003 and the European Community applies it starting from the 1th July 2003.In this context it is important to record imposex levels and organotin contamination before the implementation of the ban, in order to have the picture of the present situation and to verify, in the future, the utility of the International Convention. The present paper will present recent imposex data related to specimens of H. trunculus from two different Istrian regions: Pirano (Slovenia) and the Island of Krk (Croatia). In the first location, the UE directive about the ban of TBT is applied since 2003 while in the second one it is not. The sampling sites (9 in Pirano and 5 in Krk) in both the locations are characterized by a different theoretical level of pollution by TBT explained by the intensity of pleasure crafts presence and by the general anthropic pressure. Organisms were morphologically analyzed to check the level of imposex that has been quantify using different indexes: % of female affected by imposex (%I), VDSI (Vas deferens sequence index), RPSI (relative penis size index) and percentage of sterile females (%S). Biological data show that the levels of imposex were very high (100% of affected females and VDS from 4.3 to 5) in all the sampling sites considered, especially in stations from the Croatian coast in which it is possible to observe an higher percentage of sterile females. These data suggest that, at present, there is a difference between the imposex level in the two regions but it is not so relevant to ascribe it to a legislation effect. Anyway, this study results to be the first monitoring of imposex level in these regions and it will be the base for future research.
87 (74) Utjecaj vrulja na rast vrste Pentapora fascialis u Velebitskom kanalu
Maja Novosel*, An|elko Novosel**, Antonieta Po`ar-Domac*, Miroslava Pasari}***, Goran Oluji}**** *Prirodoslovno-matemati~ki fakultet, Biolo{ki odsjek, Rooseveltov trg 6, 10000 Zagreb, Hrvatska **Nerej d.o.o., Vojnovi}eva 19, 10362 Ka{ina, Hrvatska ***Prirodoslovno-matemati~ki fakultet, Geofizi~ki odsjek, Horvatovac bb, 10000 Zagreb, Hrvatska ****Hrvatski hidrografski institut, Zrinsko-frankopanska 121, 21000 Split,Hrvatska maja≤biol.pmf.hr
U Velebitskom kanalu pridneno mije{anje morske i slatke vode uzrokovano je brojnim vruljama i stvara specifi~ne uvjete za nastanak posebnih `ivotnih zajednica. Takva je i zajednica u kojoj dominira mahovnjak (Bryozoa) vrste Pentapora fascialis (Pallas, 1766). Velike kolonije vrste P. fascialis utvr|ene su samo uz vrulje, na dubinama izme|u 1 i 35 m. Kemijski sastav vode iz vrulja ukazuje na vi{e koncentracije hranjivih soli i kar- bonata u odnosu na okolnu morsku vodu. Pra}ena je temperatura vode tijekom cijele godine u dvije vrulje i u moru. Temperatura vode u vruljama bila je tijekom godine od 9,76 do 14,02°C, dok je temperatura mora na du- bini od 23 m mnogo vi{e varirala i to od 8,22 do 23,52°C. Utvr|eno je da je razdoblje neaktivnosti vrulja bilo vrlo kratko – samo 5,6 dana u godini. To upu}uje na zaklju~ak da je vrsta P. fascialis prilago|ena uvjetima nestalnog i ni`eg saliniteta. Istra`ivana je i brzina rasta ove vrste te je utvr|eno da uglavnom raste tijekom hladnijeg dijela godine (od rujna do o`ujka), {to se poklapa s najja~om aktivno{}u vrulja. Prosje~na brzina rasta kolonija iznosi 9,8 cm godi{nje, {to je do sada izmjeren najbr`i rast kolonije nekog mahovnjaka.
Impact of submarine freshwater springs (vruljas) on the growth of Pentapora fascialis in the Velebit Channel
Maja Novosel*, An|elko Novosel**, Antonieta Po`ar-Domac*, Miroslava Pasari}***, Goran Oluji}**** *Faculty of Science, University of Zagreb, Dept. of Biology, Rooseveltov trg 6,10000 Zagreb, Croatia **Nerej Ltd, Vojnovi}eva 19, 10362 Ka{ina, Croatia, ***Andrija Mohorovi~i} Geophysical Institute, Faculty of Science, University of Zagreb, Horvatovac bb, 10000 Zagreb, Croatia ****Hydrographic Institute of the Republic of Croatia, Zrinsko-frankopanska 121, 21000 Split, Croatia maja≤biol.pmf.hr
Along the Velebit Channel, numerous submarine freshwater springs (vruljas) caused bottom mixture of fresh and seawater and provide specific conditions for the occurrence of unique benthic habitats, such as the one in which dominates bryozoan Pentapora fascialis (Pallas, 1766). Large colonies of P. fascialis were found only next to vruljas, at depths from 1 m to 35 m. The amount of nutrients and carbonates had higher concentra- tions inside the vruljas than in the seawater. The temperatures of two vruljas’ plumes and nearby seawater were measured during one year period. The temperature of the vruljas’ outflow varied between 9.76 and 14.02°C, while the seawater temperature at 23 m varied much more, between 8.22 and 23.52°C. The period of vruljas’ inactivity was only 5.6 days per year which means that P. fascialis must be adapted to grow in the conditions of fluctuating, lower salinity. Growth of the P. fascialis colonies was measured as well. Colonies mainly grew du- ring the colder months (October to March) which coincide with the vruljas’ highest discharge. A mean growth rate of 9.8 cm per year was estimated. These are the fastest growing bryozoans ever documented.
(75) Prirodna obilje`ja Puntarske drage na otoku Krku
Du{an Zavodnik*, Mirjana Legac** *Institut “Ru|er Bo{kovi}”, Centar za istra`ivanja mora, G. Paliaga 5, 52210 Rovinj, Hrvatska **Prirodoslovni muzej Rijeka, Lorenzov prolaz 1, 51000 Rijeka, Hrvatska dzavodnik≤cim.irb.hr
Na osnovu literaturnih navoda i novih rezultata istra`ivanja bentosa daje se pregled prirodnih obilje`ja Puntarske drage u svezi s geomorfolo{kim, sedimentolo{kim i hidrografskim zna~ajkama, sastavom flore i faune i zna~ajkama `ivotnih zajednica morskog dna te sanitarnom kvalitetom tog akvatorija. Posebno se isti~e oskudno poznavanje biote i posljedice one~i{}ivanja Drage.
88 Natural features of the Puntarska draga inlet (Krk island; Adriatic sea)
Du{an Zavodnik*, Mirjana Legac** *“Ru|er Bo{kovi}” Institute, Center for Marine Research, G. Paliaga 5, 52210 Rovinj, Croatia **Natural History Museum Rijeka, Lorenzov prolaz 1, 51000 Rijeka, Croatia dzavodnik≤cim.irb.hr
Considering literature survey and present results of benthic research, natural features of Puntarska draga inlet are reviewed with regard to geomorphological, sedimentological and hydrographical characterisi- cs, its flora and fauna, benthic comunities, and sanitary quality of the aquatorium. The insufficient knowledge of biota and pollution inuced phenomena are specially discussed.
(76) Ribarstveno-biolo{ka istra`ivanja uz zapadnu obalu Istre 2002.-2004.: pregled rezultata
Ivan Jardas, Perica Cetini}, Jakov Dul~i}, Miro Kraljevi}, Armin Pallaoro, Alen Soldo, Sanja Mati} Skoko Institut za oceanografiju i ribarstvo, [et. I. Me{trovi}a 63, 21000 Split, Hrvatska jardas≤izor.hr
Ribarstveno-biolo{kim istra`ivanjima uz zapadnu obalu Istre 2002. (prosinac – velja}a), 2003. (rujan – prosinac) i 2004. (travanj – kolovoz) obuhva}en je prete`no morski prostor koji se prote`e sjeverno od u. Lovre~i}a, odnosno paralele 450 23’ N, do granice teritorijalnog mora RH i obuhva}a povr{inu od oko 410 km2. Analizirane su komercijalne lovine gospodarskog ribolova ostvarene ribolovnnim alatima koji su u istra`ivanom razdoblju bili u upotrebi (uglavnom ko}arica, rampona, mre`a listarica, prostica, salpara). Sastav ko}arskih lovina na ovom podru~ju je karakteristi~an. U lovinama prevladava glavono`ac Eledone moschata (19-79%), a od riba Merlangius merlangus, Mullus spp., Merluccius merluccius, Pagellus erythrinus i Solea spp. Zna~ajan je i ulov glavono{ca Sepia officinalis. CPUE je malen, varira izme|u 5,5 i 21,0 kg (ko}a od 100 KS). Biomasa ko}arskih naselja procjenjena je na oko 424 t (E. moschata na oko 189 t/god.), a MSYukupno = 110,24 t/god. Lovine listarica najbolje su u jesensko-zimskom razdoblju (listopad-sije~anj), a dominantna vrsta je list, Solea solea; CPUE (kg, odnosno primjeraka po mre`i) za tu vrstu u navedenom razdoblju iznosio je 0,21 kg, odnosno 1,0 primjerak. Prosje~an CPUE (kg/rampon 2x2 m/25’) {koljka{a Pecten jacobeus ramponom varirao je po mjesecima izme|u 2,0 i 3,7 kg. Lovine mre`a porostica su po sastavu raznolike. Prevladavaju ribe Pagellus erythrinus i Dicentrarchus labrax. Prosje~an CPUE (kg po mre`i) je iznosio 1,7 kg.
Fisheries-biology investigations along west-Istrian coast during 2002-2004: results review
Ivan Jardas, Perica Cetini}, Jakov Dul~i}, Miro Kraljevi}, Armin Pallaoro, Alen Soldo, Sanja Mati} Skoko Institute of Oceanography and Fisheries, [etali{te I. Me{trovi}a 63, 21000 Split, Croatia jardas≤izor.hr
Fisheries-biology investigations along west-Istrian coast during 2002 (December- February), 2003 (September-December) and 2004 (April-August) predominantly in the sea area northern from Lovre~ica Cove, i.e. from parallel of 450 23’ N, to the territorial sea border of Croatia, with surface of 410 km2, were perfor- med. Commercial catches of fishing gears which were in use durimg the investigated periods (bottom trawls, dredges type „rampon“, trammel nets type „listarica“ and „salpara“, gill nets type „prostica“) were analyzed. Compositions of trawl catches in mentioned area are particular; cephalopod Eledone moschata is predomi- nant (19-79%), followed by fish species Merlangius merlangus, Mullus spp., Merluccius merluccius, Pagel- lus erythrinus and Solea spp. Participation of cephalopod Sepia officinalis in catches was also characteristic. CPUE was low, it differs between 5.5 and 21.0 kg (trawl of 100 HP). Bottom trawl biomass was estimated of 424 mt (E. moschata of about 189 mt/year) and MSYtotal = 110.24 mt/year. The best “prostica” catches were noted during autumn-winter period (October-January) and Solea solea species was predominant. CPUE (kg or spe- cimens per net) for this species in mentioned period was 0.21 kg or 1.0 specimen respectively. Average CPUE (kg/”rampon” 2x2 m/25’) for mussel Pecten jacobeus with “rampon” varied between 2.0 and 3.7 kg in monthly periods. Composition of “prostica” catches were heterogeneous, fishesPagellus erythrinus and Dicentrarchus labrax were predominant and average CPUE (kg per net) was 1.7 kg.
89 (77) New recordings of uncommon species of Gobiidae in the Mediterranean Sea
Patrice Francour E.A. 3156 ’Gestion de la Biodiversité’. University of Nice-Sophia Antipolis, Parc Valrose. 06108 Nice cedex 2. France francour≤unice.fr
In the Mediterranean, 24 of the 57 Gobiidae species reported in Mediterranean Sea (Black Sea exclu- ded) are considered to be rare or very rare, and present a discontinuous distribution. SCUBA diving observa- tions, confirmed with in situ sampling, have allowed the geographical distribution of Didogobius schlieweni, Gobius kolombatovici, and Odondebuenia balearica to be extended into the northwestern Mediterranean, and Didogobius splechtnai, Gobius auratus, and Thorogobius macrolepis to be extended to both northwestern and eastern Mediterranean. Due to the conspicuous and distinctive colour pattern of these species, they were identifiable in situ immediately upon discovery. Two species (D. splechntnai, G. kolombatovici) are new for France, and three are new for Turkey (G. auratus, D. splechtnai, T. macrolepis). The last two species are new for the eastern Mediterranean basin. The status of rarity of these six species is discussed: all of them, except D. schileweni are probably regularly distributed in northwestern and near eastern Mediterranean where suitable habitats are available.
(78) Obnovljivi resursi sitne plave ribe u {irem rije~kom podru~ju
Gorenka Sinov~i}, Barbara Zorica Institut za oceanografiju i ribarstvo, [etali{te I. Me{trovi}a 63, 21000 Split, Hrvatska sinovcic≤izor.hr
U radu se iznose rezultati istra`ivanja sitne plave ribe u {irem rije~kom podru~ju tijekom 2005. god. Posebice se to odnosi na gospodarstveno najva`nije vrste: srdelu Sardina pilchardus i brgljuna (in}una) En- graulis encrasicolus. Navedene vrste obitavaju i love se u ovom podru~ju tijekom ~itave godine. Uo~ene su neke sezonske razlike u du`inskoj sezonskoj raspodjeli, ulovima i gusto}i njihovih populacija. Najvi{e lovine srdele su ostvarene u studenom (C = 625 749 t), dok je najvi{i iznos lovina po ribolovnom naporu ostvaren u studenom (CPUE = 36 808,8 t/brod) u vrijeme mrije{}enja ove, za hrvatsko gospodarstvo najzna~ajnije vrste. Najni`e lovine srdele (C = 12 493 t), isto tako i vrijednosti ulova po brodu (CPUE = 1 561,6 t/brod) su ostvarene tijekom lipnja (vrijeme mirovanja u spolnu ciklusu). Najvi{e lovine (C = 401 439 t, kolovoz) i ulovi po ribolov- nom naporu (CPUE = 42 592,3 t/brod, rujan) brgljuna su ostvareni u vrijeme njegova mrije{}enja. Najni`i su iznosi zabilje`eni u studenom, u vrijeme mirovanja u spolnom ciklusu brgljuna (C = 15 261 t, odnosno CPUE = 1 387 t/brod). Zabrinjava ~injenica da su se op}enito najve}e lovine u ovom podru~ju ostvarivale tijekom intenziva mrije{}enja navedenih vrsta.
Renewable resources of small pelagic fish species in the Rijeka area
Gorenka Sinov~i}, Barbara Zorica Institute of Oceanography and Fisheries, [etali{te I. Me{trovi}a 63, 21000 Split, Croatia sinovcic≤izor.hr
The paper presents the results of sardine Sardina pilchardus and anchovy Engraulis encrasicolus population studies. These species present the biological base of pelagic fishery in the wider area of the Rijeka city. They are located and are caught all year round. The catch of all the species is realized during the whole year. The maximum catches (C) and abundance index (CPUE) are noted in the period of the sardine and anchovy’ spawning; the highest catches of sardine are realized in November (C = 625 749 t), and the highest catch per unit effort, was realized in October (CPUE = 36 808.8 t/boat). The lowest catches of sardine (C = 12 493 t) as well as the lowest catch per unit effort (CPUE = 1 561.6 t/boat) are realized during June (resting pha- se). The highest catches of anchovy are realized in August (C=401 439 t) and the highest catch per unit effort is realized in September (CPUE=42 592.3 t/boat), during the spawning of this species. The lowest catches and CPUE are noted during the resting phase of anchovy sexual cycle, in November (C= 15 261 t; CPUE=1 387 t/boat). This fact is very important with respect to these species protection.
90 (79) Godi{nje i sezonske razlike pojave nedoraslih sparida u plitkim uvalama rije~kog podru~ja
Sanja Mati}-Skoko, Miro Kraljevi}, Jakov Dul~i} Institut za Oceanografiju i Ribarstvo, [etali{te Ivana Me{trovi}a 63, P.O.Box 500, 21000 Split, Hrvatska sanja≤izor.hr
Zajednice su nedoraslih riba u plitkim uvalama rije~kog podru~ja, istra`ivane malom obalnom potega~om, mjese~nim uzorkovanjem izme|u lipnja 1997. i lipnja 2003. godine. Od ukupno 13565 jedinki predstavljenih u 50 vrsta, ulovljeno je 1033 nedoraslih sparida, iz 10 vrsta (Boops boops, Diplodus annularis, Diplodus puntazzo, Diplodus sargus, Diplodus vulgaris, Lithognathus mormyrus, Oblada melanura, Sarpa salpa, Sparus aurata i Spondyliosoma cantharus) za vrijeme cjelokupnog istra`ivanja. Ustanovljene su prostor- ne i vremenske razlike u ribljim zajednicama. Svaka pojedina sparidna vrsta ima razli~ita obilje`ja godi{njeg i sezonskog obilja. S. salpa je najzastupljenija vrsta kroz ~itavo razdoblje istra`ivanja, posebice u uvali Debeljak. Najve}i je porast broja jedinki sparidnih vrsta zabilje`en u ljetnim mjesecima. Samo vrste D. puntazzo, D. vulgaris i S. salpa su bile prisutne na gotovo svim postajama, dok su ostale vrste ulovljene tek sporadi~no u manjim koli~inama. Ipak, potrebno je pro{iriti istra`ivanje kako bi se prikupili podaci o bioraznolikosti, strukturi zajednice, vremenskoj promjenjivosti i `ivotnom ciklusu nedoraslih sparida na {irem podru~ju rije~ke regije.
Annual and seasonal diferences in occurence of juvenile sparids in shallow coves of Rijeka region, Adriatic coastal area
Sanja Mati}-Skoko, Miro Kraljevi}, Jakov Dul~i} Institute of Oceanography and Fisheries, [etali{te Ivana Me{trovi}a 63, P.O.Box 500, 21000 Split, Croatia sanja≤izor.hr
An assemblage of shallow coves juvenile fishes was sampled with a small beach seine monthly between June 1997 and June 2003 in Rijeka region in the eastern Adriatic. Among 13565 individuals representing 50 fish species, a total of 1033 juvenile sparids, representing 10 species (Boops boops, Diplodus annularis, Diplo- dus puntazzo, Diplodus sargus, Diplodus vulgaris, Lithognathus mormyrus, Oblada melanura, Sarpa salpa, Sparus aurata and Spondyliosoma cantharus) were sampled during whole investigation period. Differences in fish assemblages were observed with respect to sampling dates and station. Each of these sparid species had a different pattern of annual and seasonal abundance. S. salpa was the most dominant species throughout the years (especially in Debeljak cove). The highest increases in number of all sparid species were recorded in summer period. Only D. puntazzo, D. vulgaris and S. salpa were present at almost all stations while others are found only sporadically in small quantities. However, it is necessary to provide investigation on a wider temporal and spatial scale to provide data about the biodiversity, community structure, temporal variations and life history of juvenile sparids of the Rijeka region.
(80) Godi{nje promjene kvalitativno-kvantitativnog sastava zajednica nedoraslih riba u nekim plitkim uvalama Kvarnera i Kvarneri}a
Miro Kraljevi}, Sanja Mati}-Skoko, Jakov Dul~i} Institut za Oceanografiju i Ribarstvo, [etali{te Ivana Me{trovi}a 63, P.O.Box 500, 21000 Split, Hrvatska kraljevic≤izor.hr
Ukupno 13,565 uglavnom nedoraslih riba, predstavljenih u 50 vrsta, je ulovljeno na 6 postaja, mjese~nim uzorkovanjem izme|u lipnja 1997. i lipnja 2003. godine u plitkim uvalama Kvarnera i Kvarneri}a, uporabom male 50m duge obalne potega~e. Dominantne su vrste (Atherina hepsetus, Sardina pilchardus, Liza aurata, Sarpa salpa and Chelon labrosus) sa~injavale 86,35% ukupnog uzorka. Utvr|ene su prostorne i vremenske razlike u ribljim zajednicama. Uvale Debeljak i Jaki{nica se odlikuju najve}im brojem vrsta i jedinki, dok je najmanji broj istih zabilje`en na dvije postaje u Plominu. Svaka pojedina vrsta ima razli~ita obilje`ja godi{njeg obilja s obzirom na vrijeme mrijesta odnosno ulaska u ove plitke uvale. Samo vrste A. hepsetus i S. pilchardus su bile prisutne na gotovo svim postajama, s tim da prve nema u uvalama na podru~ju Plomina, a druge u uvalama Debeljak i Jaki{nica. Osim vrsta iz porodica Sparidae, Mugilidae i Atherinidae, ostale su vrste znatno slabije prostorno i vremenski zastupljene. Rezultati ove analize pokazuju da je {ire rije~ko podru~je, iako rela- 91 tivno malo, zapravo va`no hranili{te i rastili{te velikog broja vrsta nedoraslih riba, te stoga zaslu`uje posebnu pozornost.
Annual diferences in qualitative-quantitative composition of juvenile fishes in shallow coves of Kvarner and Kvarneri}
Miro Kraljevi}, Sanja Mati}-Skoko, Jakov Dul~i} Institute of Oceanography and Fisheries, [etali{te Ivana Me{trovi}a 63, P.O.Box 500, 21000 Split, Croatia kraljevic≤izor.hr
A total of 13,565 fishes, mainly juveniles, belonging to 50 species were caught at 6 stations, monthly between June 1997 and June 2003 in Kvarner and Kvarneri}, in the eastern Adriatic, using a 50 m long beach seine. Dominate species (Atherina hepsetus, Sardina pilchardus, Liza aurata, Sarpa salpa and Chelon la- brosus) comprimised 86.35% of total sample. Differences in fish assemblages were observed with respect to sampling dates and station. Debeljak and Jaki{nica coves had highest number of species and individuals while two stations in Plomin were those with the lowest diversity and abundance. Each of sampled fish species had a different pattern of annual abundance according to their spawning period and settlement in those shallow coves. Only A. hepsetus and S. pilchardus were present at almost all stations but the first one was absent in Plomin area and second in Debeljak and Jaki{nica coves, respectively. Beside species from Sparidae, Mugili- dae and Atherinidae families, others are represented poorly at temporal and spatial scale. Results of this study demonstrate that Rijeka region is important fish nursery habitat that, although rather small, has high spatial fish diversity and therefore deserves special attention.
(81) Prilog poznavanju biolo{kih i ekolo{kih obilje`ja kurdele, Cepola rubescens Linnaeus, 1766 (Pisces: Cepolidae),u Jadranskom moru
Bo`e Kokan, Sanja Vrgo~ Priridoslovni muzej Split, Kolombatovi}evo {etali{te 2, 21 000 Split, Hrvatska primust≤st.t-com.hr
Analizom biolo{kog materijala sakupljenog tijekom ribarstveno biolo{ke ekspedicije MEDITS (2001 – 2002), istra`ena su neka osnovna biolo{ka i ekolo{ka obilje`ja populacije kurdele Cepola rubescens, u sje- vernom i srednjem Jadranu. Uporabom GIS tehnike ustanovilo se da je kurdela rasprostranjena u cijelom sjevernom i srednjem Jadranu, ali je gusto}a populacije ve}a uz isto~nu jadransku obalu, pogotovo u rije~kom podru~ju. Morfometrijski odnosi i meristi~ke zna~ajke kurdele ne razlikuju se zna~ajno izme|u spolova. Dobi- vena je sljede}a perajna formula: D: 66 - 69, A: 58 – 61, C: 12 – 13, P: 18, V: I + 5. Dobiven je sljede}i du`insko – maseni odnos: za `enke W = 0,0001•L2,1646 i mu`jake W = 0,001• L2,1478. Analizom spolnog sastava uzorka, ustanovljeno je da u istra`ivanom periodu u populaciji broj~ano dominiraju mu`jaci, a ve}ina primje- raka obaju spolova je zrela. Analizirani su otoliti, te se nisu pokazali prikladnima za odre|ivanje starosti. Starost je odre|ivana Bhattacharyevom metodom. Dobivene su sljede}e konstante von Bertalanfyeve jednad`be rasta: mu`jaci Lt = 550 (1 – e- 0,502 (t – 0,502)); `enke Lt = 489 (1 – e- 0,433(t + 0,009)). Analiziraju}i parametre smrt- nosti, dobivene su sljede}e vrijednosti: koeficijenti ukupne smrtnosti za `enke (Z =1 ,20 god-1) i mu`jake (Z = 1,23 god-1); prirodne smrtnosti za `enke (M = 0,64 god-1) i mu`jake (M = 0,68 god-1), te koeficijenti ribolovne smrtnosti za `enke (F = 0,56 god-1) i mu`jake (F = 0,55 god-1).
Contribution to the knowledge of biology and ecology of the red bandfisdh, Cepola rubescens Linnaeus, 1766 (Pisces: Cepolidae), in the Adriatic sea
Bo`e Kokan, Sanja Vrgo~ Natural History Museum Split, Kolombatovi}evo {etali{te 2, 21 000 Split, Croatia primust≤st.t-com.hr
Red bandfish (Cepola rubescens) samples that were collected during fishery biology expedition -ME DITS (2001 – 2002) in Northern and Middle Adriatic were analized to describe some biology and ecology characteristics of the species. It was found by GIS technique that it was the common species, wide distributed in the whole area of Northern and Middle Adriatic. Abundance of the red bandfish population was much higher along the eastern Adriatic sea and specially in the Rijeka region. Morfometric and meristic parametars didn’t 92 differ significantly for both sexes. It was found following pinn’s formula: D: 66 - 69, A: 58 – 61, C: 12 – 13, P: 18, V: I + 5. It was calculated the following length – weight relationship: females W = 0,0001•L2,1646 and for males W = 0,001• L2,1478. Sex ratio studies showed prevailance of males to females (2 : 1) respectively and the specimens of both sexes were mostly mature durring the period of study (May to Junne). Otoliths reading method used for estimating growth patterns was not valid. For that reason Bhattacharya method was useful. It was estimated the following von Bertalanfy growth equation constants: males Lt = 550 (1 – e- 0,502 (t – 0,502)); females Lt = 489 (1 – e- 0,433(t + 0,009)). The population mortality rates showed the values: total mortality coefficient for females (Z = 1,20 yr-1) and males (Z = 1,23 yr-1); natural mortality for females (M = 0,64 yr-1) and males (M = 0,68 yr-1), fishing mortality coefficient for females (F = 0,56 yr-1) and males (F = 0,55 yr-1).
(82) Ribe i glavono{ci u prehrani dobrog dupina (Tursiops truncatus, Montague 1821) u akvatoriju Istre i Kvarnera
Iva Kova~i}**, Hrvoje Gomer~i}*, Tomislav Gomeri}**, Hrvoje Luci}* *Zavod za anatomiju, histologiju i embriologiju, Veterinarski fakultet Sveu~ili{ta u Zagrebu, Heinzelova 55, 10000 Zagreb, Hrvatska **Zavod za biologiju, Veterinarski fakultet Sveu~ili{ta u Zagrebu, Heinzelova 55, 10000 Zagreb, Hrvatska koiva≤inet.hr
U razdoblju od 1990. do 2004. godine u akvatoriju Istre i Kvarnera prona|eno je 28 le{ina vste dobri dupin (Tursiops truncatus). Pregledom sadr`aja `eluca kod 10 jedinki, {est `enki i ~etiri mu`jaka, na|eni su neprobavljeni i poluprobavljeni ostaci hrane. Analizom ostataka do najni`eg mogu}eg taksona prema obja- vljenim klju~evima za determinaciju i usporedbom s referentnom zbitkom otolita riba i ~eljusti glavono`aca, determinirano je jedanaest vrsta riba (Pisces) koje ~ine 75% plijena (f=0.6) i tri vrste glavono`aca (Cephalo- poda) s udjelom od 20% u ukupnom plijenu (f=0.4). Porodica Sparidae, zastupljena s pet vrsta, ~ini 52% riba u plijenu. Me|u ostalim determiniranim vrstama riba najbrojniji su osli} (Merluccius merluccius) i ugor (Conger conger). Rezultati upu}uju na va`nost demersalnih vrsta u prehrani dobrog dupina u sjevernom Jadranu, te ukazuju na postojanje intraspecifi~kih razlika u prehrani s obzirom na spol dupina.
Fish and cephalopods in the diet of bottlenose dolphin (Tursiops truncatus, Montague 1821) in Istra and Kvarner waters
Iva Kova~i}, Hrvoje Gomer~i}, Tomislav Gomeri}, Hrvoje Luci} Faculty of Veterinary medicine, University of Zagreb, Heinzelova 55, 10000 Zagreb, Croatia koiva≤inet.hr
In the period from 1990 untill 2004 twenty-eight stranded bottlenose dolphins (Tursiops truncatus) were found in Istra and Kvarner area. By examining the stomach contents it was found that 10 animals, six females and four males, had undigested and semi-digested food remains in the stomach. The remains were analysed to the lowest possible taxon using published determination keys and reference collections of fish otoliths and ce- phalopod beaks. Eleven fish species were identified, contributing by 75% to the total prey number (f=0.6), and cephalopods contributed by 20%, with three identified species. The family Sparidae was represented with five species that made 52% of the fish prey items. Second in importance were hake (Merluccius merluccius) and conger eel (Conger conger). The results imply that demersal species are important in the bottlenose dolphin diet in Northern Adriatic, and that there are intraspesific differences in diet between males and females.
93 (83) Glavati dupin (Grampus griseus) u rije~kom akvatoriju
Martina \uras Gomer~i}*, Tomislav Gomer~i}**, Hrvoje Luci}*, Darinka [krti}*, Snje`ana ]urkovi}*, Snje`ana Vukovi}*, Ana Galov***, Hrvoje Gomer~i}* *Zavod za anatomiju, histologiju i embriologiju, Veterinarski fakultet Sveu~ili{ta u Zagrebu, Heinzelova 55, 10000 Zagreb, Hrvatska **Zavod za biologiju, Veterinarski fakultet Sveu~ili{ta u Zagrebu, Heinzelova 55, 10000 Zagreb, Hrvatska ***Zavod za animalnu fiziologiju, Prirodoslovno-matemati~ki fakultet Sveu~ili{ta u Zagrebu, Rooseveltov trg 6, 10000 Zagreb martina.duras≤vz.htnet.hr
Glavati dupin (Grampus griseus) je redovni stanovnik Sredozemnog mora koji povremeno u|e i u Jadransko more. Dana 18. i 19. listopada 2001. godine u Bakarskom zaljevu promatran je jedan glavati dupin. Vrstena pripadnost odre|ena je promatranjem iz motorne brodice na temelju karakteristi~ne sive boje tijela prekrivene bijelim o`iljcima, te visoke i {iljate le|ne peraje smje{tene u sredi{njem dijelu tijela. Na desnoj stra- ni kaudalni rub repne peraje imao je za`ivotno ste~eni ~etvrtasti usjek. Dana 21. studenog 2001. godine u Pre- luci kraj Rijeke prona|en je mrtvi glavati dupin. Na temelju usjeka na repnoj peraju koji je polo`ajem, oblikom i veli~inom odgovarao onom u dupina promatranog u Bakarskom zaljevu zaklju~eno je da se radi o istoj `ivotinji. Postmortalnim pregledom ustanovljeno je da se radi o subadultnoj, spolno zreloj `enki glavatog dupina duljine tijela 303 cm i tjelesne mase 248 kg. Razudbom je utvr|ena izrazita mr{avost `ivotinje i kroni~na gnojna upala maternice. U hrvatskom dijelu Jadranskom mora nalazi glavatih dupini opisani su u srednjoj i ju`noj Dalmaciji, no ovo je prvi nalaz ove vrste u rije~kom akvatoriju.
Risso’s dolphin (Grampus griseus) in the area of Rijeka
Martina \uras Gomer~i}*, Tomislav Gomer~i}**, Hrvoje Luci}*, Darinka [krti}*, Snje`ana ]urkovi}*, Snje`ana Vukovi}*, Ana Galov***, Hrvoje Gomer~i}* *Department of anatomy, histology and embriology, Faculty of Veterinary medicine, University of Zagreb, Heinzelova 55, 10000 Zagreb, Croatia **Department of biology, Faculty of Veterinary medicine, University of Zagreb, Heinzelova 55, 10000 Zagreb, Croatia ***Department of animal physiology, Faculty of Science, University of Zagreb, Rooseveltov trg 6, 10000 Zagreb, Croatia martina.duras≤vz.htnet.hr
Risso’s dolphins (Grampus griseus) are abundant in the Mediterranean Sea and stray into the Adriatic Sea occasionally. On the 18th and 19th October 2001 one specimen of this species was observed in Bakarski zaljev. The species was determinate based on the grey skin covered with white scars and the high, falcate dor- sal fin located at the middle of the back. On the right side of the caudal edge of the fluke the specimen had a square notch. On 21st November 2001 in Preluka near Rijeka a dead Risso’s dolphin was found. Based on the notch on the caudal edge of the fluke it was identified as the same animal observed in Bakarski zaljev. It was an subadult, sexual mature female 303 cm long with a body mass of 248 kg. Necropsy showed cachexia and chronic pyometritis. Findings of Risso’s dolphins from Middle and South Dalmatia were described before but this is the first finding of this species in the area of Rijeka.
94 (84) Mladun~e velikog sjevernog kita (Balaenoptera physalus) nasukano na otoku Prvi}u pokraj Krka
Tomislav Gomer~i}*, Martina \uras Gomer~i}**, Hrvoje Luci}**, Darinka [krti}**, Snje`ana ]urkovi}**, Snje`ana Vukovi}**, Ana Galov***, Hrvoje Gomer~i}** *Zavod za biologiju, Veterinarski fakultet Sveu~ili{ta u Zagrebu, Heinzelova 55, 10000 Zagreb, Hrvatska **Zavod za anatomiju, histologiju i embriologiju, Veterinarski fakultet Sveu~ili{ta u Zagrebu, Heinzelova 55, 10000 Zagreb, Hrvatska ***Zavod za animalnu fiziologiju, Prirodoslovno-matemati~ki fakultet Sveu~ili{ta u Zagrebu, Rooseveltov trg 6, 10000 Zagreb tomislav.gomercic≤vef.hr
Jedini stalno prisutni morski sisavac Jadranskoga mora je dobri dupin (Tursiops truncatus), dok ostale vrste u njega samo povremeno zalaze i s toga su zanimljiv nalaz. Republika Hrvatska je potpisnica me|unarodnog ugovora (ACCOBAMS) kojim se obavezuje pratiti pojavu i kretanja `ivotinja iz reda kitova. Dana 27. rujna 2002. godine u uskoj plitkoj kamenoj uvali na sjevero-zapadnom dijelu otoka Prvi}a uz otok Krk prona|eno je nasukano tijelo velikog sjevernog kita (Balaenoptera physalus). Sljede}eg dana u Ba{koj na Krku le{ina je pregledana i napravljena je anatomsko-patolo{ka razudba. Utvr|eno je da se radi o mladoj `enki, ukupne duljine tijela 1140 cm i tjelesne mase izme|u 10 i 12 tona. Le{ina je vrlo dobro o~uvana i svje`a. @ivotinja je bila dobrog gojnog stanja a na povr{ini tijela su prona|ena 25 nametni~ka raka veslono`aca (Co- pepoda) i na lijevoj strani tijela 466 o`iljaka najvjerojatnije od istih ektoparazita. Tijekom razudbe koja je trajala 5 sati, mi{i}je, a posebno bubrezi i jetra su podlegli jakim autoliti~kim procesima. U probavnom sustavu nisu prona|eni ostaci probavljene hrane. Jedini neuobi~ajeni nalaz je otvoreni ductus arteriosus Bottalli, lumena 1,5 cm. Lubanja kita je ostavljena u moru te je 9. velja~e 2006. godine izva|ena i pohranjena u zbirku kostiju na Veterinarskom fakultetu Sveu~ili{ta u Zagrebu.
Fin whale (Balaenoptera physalus) calf stranded on the island Prvi} near island Krk
Tomislav Gomer~i}*, Martina \uras Gomer~i}**, Hrvoje Luci}**, Darinka [krti}**, Snje`ana ]urkovi}**, Snje`ana Vukovi}**, Ana Galov***, Hrvoje Gomer~i}** *Department of biology, Faculty of Veterinary medicine, University of Zagreb, Heinzelova 55, 10000 Zagreb, Croatia **Department of anatomy, histology and embriology, Faculty of Veterinary medicine, University of Zagreb, Heinzelova 55, 10000 Zagreb, Croatia ***Department of animal physiology, Faculty of Science, University of Zagreb, Rooseveltov trg 6, 10000 Zagreb, Croatia tomislav.gomercic≤vef.hr
Bootlenose dolphin (Tursiops trancatus) is the only marine mammal resident in Adratic Sea while other species stray into it occasionally. Republic of Croatia is obligated to monitor cetacean species in its waters due to an international contract (ACCOBAMS). On 27th September 2002 a fin whale Balaenoptera( physalus) carcass was found in a shallow bay on the north-west part of island Prvi} near island Krk. Next day a necropsy of the carcass was performed in Ba{ka on island Krk. It was young female, 1140 cm long with a body mass of 10-12 tones. The carcass was well preserved. The animal was in a good condition. On the skin 25 parasitic copepods were found and 466 scars on the left side of the body probably of the same parasitic species. Strong autolytic processes in the kidneys and liver increased during the dissection that lasted for 5 hours. The digesti- ve system was empty. The ductus arteriosus Bottalli was open (cavity diameter 1.5 cm). Skull was left in the sea and on 9th of Febrary 2006 placed in bone collection on Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University
95 (85) Sredozemna medvjedica se ponovno pojavila u sjevernom Jadranu?
Hrvoje Gomer~i}*, Martina \uras Gomer~i}*, Tomislav Gomer~i}**, \uro Huber**, Vera Gomer~i}** *Zavod za anatomiju, histologiju i embriologiju, Veterinarski fakultet Sveu~ili{ta u Zagrebu, Heinzelova 55, 10000 Zagreb, Hrvatska **Zavod za biologiju, Veterinarski fakultet Sveu~ili{ta u Zagrebu, Heinzelova 55, 10000 Zagreb, Hrvatska hrvoje.gomercic≤vef.hr
Posljednje poznato stani{te sredozemne medvjedice (Monachus monachus) u Jadranu je bilo u blizini otoka Paga, a od godine 1992. se smatra da vi{e ne `ivi u Jadranu. Najbli`a populacija `ivi u Jonskom moru. U lipnju 2003. je vi|ena u Pa{kim vratima, te od tada ima dosta vjerodostojnih opisa susreta s ovim tuljanom u svim dijelovima hrvatskog dijela Jadrana. Iako su opisi susreta detaljno provjeravani i mogu se smatrati potpu- no vjerodostojni, nije sa sigurno{}u utvr|eno o kojem se perajaru radi. Ni`e su kronolo{ki navedena mjesta na kojima je medvjedica do sada vi|ena sjevernije od N 44°27’ u 2005. godini: 24. IV. Rovinj; 4. V. isto~na obala Lo{inja; 18. VI. Male Sarkane; 22. VI. Ilovik-Lo{inj; 7. VII. Pula; 17. VII. pokraj Pule; 19. VII. Ra{ki zaljev; 1. VIII. Creski zaljev; VIII. Susak; jedan dan kasnije VIII. Osorski zaljev; 27. VIII. otok Plavnik; 4. X. otok Delfin uz rt Lun na otoku Pagu; a u 2006. godini: 29. I. izme|u Crikvenice i [ila; 26. III. zapadna strana Lo{inja. Mo`e se zaklju~iti da jedna ili dvije jedinke vjerojatno sredozemne medvjedice lutaju hrvatskim dijelom Jadrana, ali se nisu trajno nastanile
Mediterranean monk seal in the Northern Adriatic Sea?
Hrvoje Gomer~i}*, Martina \uras Gomer~i}*, Tomislav Gomer~i}**, \uro Huber**, Vera Gomer~i}** *Department of anatomy, histology and embriology, Faculty of Veterinary medicine, University of Zagreb, Heinzelova 55, 10000 Zagreb, Croatia **Department of biology, Faculty of Veterinary medicine, University of Zagreb, Heinzelova 55, 10000 Zagreb, Croatia hrvoje.gomercic≤vef.hr
The last confirmed habitat of the monk seal (Monachus monachus) in the Adriatic Sea was near the island of Pag in 1992. Since then the monk seal disappeared from the Adriatic Sea. The nearest population lives in the Ionian Sea. In June 2003. the monk seal was observed near Pa{ka vrata. Since then a large number of monk seal sightings have been noted in the Croatian part of the Adriatic. The sightings were proved in details, but it is not possible to be 100 percent certain that all the sightings are of the same pinniped species. The monk seal sightings in regions northern then N 44°27’ are listed below: In 2005: 24.4. Rovinj; 4. 5. east coast of island Lo{inj; 18. 6. Male Sarkane; 22. 6. Ilovik-Lo{inj; 7. 7. Pula; 17. 7. near Pula; 19. 7. Ra{ki zaljev; 1. 8. Creski zaljev; August Susak; a day later in August Osorski zaljev; 27. 8. islnad Plavnik; 4. 10. island Delfin by the island Pag; in 2006: 29.1. between Crikvenica and [ilo; 26. 3. west coast of Lo{inj. To conclude, one or two possibly monk seal specimen wandered into the Croatian part of the Adriatic but has to settle in one area.
(86) Mikroskopska gra|a i aktivnost oksidativnih enzima u bubregu dobrog dupina (Tursiops truncatus) i plavobijelog dupina (Stenella coeruleoalba) iz sjevernog dijela Jadranskog mora
Hrvoje Luci}*, Snje`ana Vukovi}*, Martina \uras Gomer~i}*, Tomislav Gomer~i} **, Snje`ana ]urkovi}*, Darinka [krti}*, Hrvoje Gomer~i}* *Zavod za anatomiju, histologiju i embriologiju, Veterinarski fakultet Sveu~ili{ta u Zagrebu, Heinzelova 55, 10000 Zagreb, Hrvatska **Zavod za biologiju, Veterinarski fakultet Sveu~ili{ta u Zagrebu, Heinzelova 55, 10000 Zagreb, Hrvatska hlucic≤vef.hr
Istra`ivanje je obavljeno na 7 dobrih dupina i 3 plavobijela dupina, ~ije su postmortalne promjene omogu}avale provo|enje metoda enzimatske histokemije na uzorcima bubrega. Bubrezi obje istra`ene vrste dupina predstavljaju slo`ene bubrege s ekstremno izra`enom re`njevito{}u pri ~emu svaki re`anj predstavlja zaseban mali bubreg, renculus, koji ima vlastitu ~ahuru, koru, sr`, bradavicu i ~a{icu bubrega. Na prijelazu kore u sr` bubrega karakteristi~an je nalaz debelog sloja vezivnog tkiva koje se {iri od adventicije krvnih `ila, 96 arkuatnih arterija. Stanice kanali}a nefrona u kori bubrega pokazuju izrazitu aktivnost istra`ivanih oksidativnih enzima, za razliku od od sr`i bubrega gdje stanice uzlaznih krakova Henleovih petlji i sabirni kanali}i ne po- kazuju tu aktivnost. U stanicama uzlaznih krakova Henleove petlje uo~ena je aktivnost dehidrogenaza mlije~ne kiseline i glutamata, dok je aktivnost dehidrogenaze mlije~ne kiseline uo~ena i u epitelu sabirnih kanali}a. Jaka pozitivna reakcija oksidativnih enzima u stanicama proksimalnih i distalnih kanali}a bubrega ukazuje na izrazitu metaboli~ku aktivnost ovih stanica jer se aktivno{}u oksidativnih enzima osloba|a velika koli~ina vode koja omogu}uje izlu~ivanje razli~itih tvari iz stanica.
Microscopical structure and activity of the oxidative enzymes in the kidney of the bottlenose dolphin (Tursiops truncatus) and striped dolphin (Stenella coeruleoalba) from the north part of the Adriatic sea
Hrvoje Luci}*, Snje`ana Vukovi}*, Martina \uras Gomer~i}*, Tomislav Gomer~i} **, Snje`ana ]urkovi}*, Darinka [krti}*, Hrvoje Gomer~i}* *Department of anatomy, histology and embriology, Faculty of Veterinary medicine, University of Zagreb, Heinzelova 55, 10000 Zagreb, Croatia **Department of biology, Faculty of Veterinary medicine, University of Zagreb, Heinzelova 55, 10000 Zagreb, Croatia hlucic≤vef.hr
This research was performed on 7 bottlenosed dolphins and 3 striped dolphins which postmortal body changes was alloved the appliance of the enzymatic histochemistry methods on the kidney samples. Kidneys of the both investigated species of dolphins are composed types of kidneys with extreme lobulation. Each lobe re- present whole little kidney, renculus, with own capsule, cortex, medulla, papilla and calix. Between cortex and medula we found thick layer of connective tissue which spreading from outher layer of blood vessels, arteria arcuata. The cells of tubules of nephron in the cortex of kidney showed strong activity of investigated oxidative enzymes. The cells of the ascending part of loop of Henle, and collective tubules in medulla of kidney did not show that activity. In the cells of ascending part of loop of Henle were visible activity of lactate dehydrogenase and glutamate dehydrogenase, and activity of lactate dehydrogenase was noted in the cells of collective tubu- les too. Very strong activity of oxidative enzymes in the cells of proximal and distal tubules are connected with high rate of metabolic activity. Oxydative enzymes are responsible for release of great amount of wather which provide excretion of different supstances from the cells.
(87) Kontrolna regija mitohondrijske DNA dobrih dupina (Tursiops truncatus) iz sjevernog Jadrana
Nela Nikoli}*, Ana Galov*, Tomislav Gomer~i}**, Martina \uras-Gomer~i}***, Hrvoje Gomer~i}*** *Zavod za animalnu fiziologiju, Prirodoslovno-matemati~ki fakultet Sveu~ili{ta u Zagrebu, Rooseveltov trg 6, 10000 Zagreb **Zavod za biologiju, Veterinarski fakultet Sveu~ili{ta u Zagrebu, Heinzelova 55, 10000 Zagreb, Hrvatska ***Zavod za anatomiju, histologiju i embriologiju, Veterinarski fakultet Sveu~ili{ta u Zagrebu, Heinzelova 55, 10000 Zagreb, Hrvatska zmegac_nela≤yahoo.com
Dobri dupin (Tursiops truncatus) je jedini morski sisavac koji stalno `ivi u Jadranskom moru. U se- dam dobrih dupina koji su prona|eni mrtvi od studenog 1999. do prosinca 2002. godine u sjevernom Jadranu istra`ivana je kontrolna regija mitohondrijske DNA. Ova regija u ve}ine `ivotinja pokazuje mnogo ve}u varijabi- lnost od ostatka mitohondrijskog genoma pa je stoga vrlo koristan genetski biljeg u filogenetskim istra`ivanjima srodnih vrsta ili populacija. Ukupna genomska DNA je izolirana iz tkiva mrtvih dupina. Fragment duljine 1000 baznih parova koji sadr`i kontrolnu regiju je umno`en lan~anom reakcijom polimeraze kori{tenjem univerzal- nih po~etnica. Pro~i{}eni produkt je sekvenciran, tako da su dobiveni fragmenti na 5\’ kraju kontrolne regije mtDNA duga~ki otprilike 370 bp koji su potom analizirani u programu za sravnjivanje sekvenci BioEdit. Dosa- da su uspje{no sekvencirane kontrolne regije iz dviju jedinki, a analizom je utvr|eno da se radi o dva razli~ita haplotipa.
97 Mitochondrial DNA control region of bottlenose dolphins (Tursiops truncatus) from northern Adriatic Sea
Nela Nikoli}*, Ana Galov*, Tomislav Gomer~i}**, Martina \uras-Gomer~i}***, Hrvoje Gomer~i}*** *Department of animal physiology, Faculty of Science, University of Zagreb, Rooseveltov trg 6, 10000 Zagreb, Croatia **Department of biology, Faculty of Veterinary medicine, University of Zagreb, Heinzelova 55, 10000 Zagreb, Croatia ***Department of anatomy, histology and embriology, Faculty of Veterinary medicine, University of Zagreb, Heinzelova 55, 10000 Zagreb, Croatia zmegac_nela≤yahoo.com
The only marine mammal resident to Adriatic Sea is bottlenose dolphin (Tursiops truncatus). Mitochon- drial DNA control region of seven bottlenose dolphins found dead from November 1999 till December 2002 in the Adriatic Sea was investigated. The analysis of animal mitochondrial DNA control region represents the most commonly used means for revealing phylogenetic relationships among closely related species and among popu- lations of the same species. Total genomic DNA was isolated from tissues of dead dolphins. A 1000 base pair frag- ment of the mitochondrial DNA control region was amplified via the polymerase chain reaction using universal primers. Purified PCR-product was sequenced. The resulting sequences, about 370 base pair fragments of the 5\’ end of the mitochondrial DNA control region, were analysed using BioEdit Sequence Alignment Editor. Up to this time, control regions of two dolphins were successfully sequenced and analysis revealed two haplotypes.
(88) In vitro u~inak arsena na Na,K-ATPazu u repnom mi{i}u {kampa Nephrops norvegicus L.
Sanja Klari}*, ^edomil Lucu** *Nastavni zavod za javno zdravstvo Primorsko-goranske `upanije, Kre{imirova 38, 51000 Rijeka, Hrvatska **Centar za istra`ivanje mora, Institut Ru|er Bo{kovi}, G. Paliaga 5, 52210 Rovinj, Hrvatska sanjaklaric≤ri.t-com.hr
Arsen je {iroko rasprostranjen element u okoli{u, a osobito visoke koncentracije nalaze se u morskom ekosustavu. U radu je istra`en in vitro u~inak na specifi~nu aktivnost enzima Na,K-ATPaze u homogenatu rep- nog mi{i}a {kampa Nephrops norvegicus L. u usporedbi s kontrolnim vrijednostima. Na,K-ATPaza ima klju~nu ulogu u osmoregulaciji i energetskim procesima u stanici i mo`e poslu`iti kao pokazatelj potencijalne subletal- ne toksi~nosti arsena na morske organizme. Odre|ivanje aktivnosti enzima Na,K-ATPaze zasniva se na spek- trofotometrijskom odre|ivanju anorganskog fosfata oslobo|enog iz supstrata ATP-a. Ustanovljeno je pove}anje aktivnosti enzima Na,K-ATPaze u grupi tretiranoj s 18 mg As/L (P<0,03) za 59,6 % i za 66,4% u grupi tretiranj s 44 mg As/L (P<0,006) u odnosu na kontrolnu skupinu. Pove}anje aktivnosti Na,K-ATPaze za 24% na|eno je u {krgama slatkovodne ribe Oreochromis mossambicus nakon prilagodbe `ivotu u morskoj vodi.
In vitro effect of arsenic on Na,K-ATPase in tail muscle of Nephrops norvegicus L.
Sanja Klari}*, ^edomil Lucu** *Institute of Public Health, Kre{imirova 38, 51000 Rijeka, Croatia **Center for Marine Research, Institute Ru|er Bo{kovi}, G. Paliaga 5, 52210 Rovinj, Croatia sanjaklaric≤ri.t-com.hr
Arsenic is an element which is widely present in the environment and especially high concentrations are found in marine ecosystems. The objective of this study was to investigate in vitro effect of arsenic on specific activity of enzyme Na,K-ATPase in the tail muscle of Norway lobster, Nephrops norvegicus L. and to compare it with the control value. Na,K-ATPase plays an essential role in osmoregulation and energy-deman- ding processes in the cell. It can also be used as an indicator of the potentional sublethal toxicity of arsenic on marine organisms. The measurement of Na,K-ATPase activity is based on the spectrophotometric determina- tion of inorganic phosphate which is released from the substrate of the ATP. The activity of Na,K-ATPase was increased in the group treated with 18 mg As/L (P<0,03) for 59,6% and for 66,4% in the group treated with 44 mg/L (P<0,006). Increased activity of Na,K-ATPase was also found in the gills of freshwater tilapia Oreochro- mis mossambicus which was adapted for living in the seawater. 98 ULOGA PRIRODOSLOVNIH MUZEJA U PRIRODOSLOVNIM ISTRAŽIVANJIMA THE ROLE OF NATURAL HISTORY MUSEUMS IN NATURAL HISTORY RESEARCHES
(89) Museum collections – fundamentals of biological sciences in a new millennium
Mathias Harzhauser Natural History Museum Vienna, Burgring 7, A-1010, Vienna, Austria mathias.harzhauser≤nhm-wien.ac.at
Starting as cabinets of oddities, the collections of the natural history museums experienced their first heyday during the 19th century when systematics started to grab the attention of scientists. After a calm down during the late 20th century, which was associated with an increasing public perception of museums as so- mewhat fusty exhibitions of quite dead things, a revival of natural history collections characterises the dawn of the new millennium. Within the field of life sciences the scientific collections and taxonomic research now gain ground as grail of biodiversity due to the rapid loss of species richness and the destruction of natural habitats. New efforts to merge expertise and to support interdisciplinary research by museum-networking, as practised by programs such as SYNTHESYS, allow maximising the scientific outcome. Within that new frame, the old collections turn out to be basic information units for evolutionary studies as well as for climatic and geodynamic reconstructions of the past. The “stamp-collector-approach” of 19th century taxonomy has thus been run over by an integrative assessment of biodiversity and biogeography and their geological pathways.
(90) From collections to research: Examples from a growing ichthyological collection
Ulrich Schliewen Department of Ichthyology, Bavarian State Collection of Zoology, Münchhausenstr. 21, D-81247 Germany schliewen≤zsm.mwn.de
Natural history museum collections are part of the cultural heritage of our countries. However,this he- ritage that is constantly questioned by financial constraints. Hence, justification for sufficient financial support depends on activities showing that collections have a “value”. I provide an overview about the current collection activities and their “value” of the growing ichthyological collections at the Bavarian State Collection of Zoology. Most activities include specialized collections at the population level that are useful both for morphological as well as genetic examination. Value 1: Beauty and resource utilization potential of local biodiversity Activity: Cooperation project with the Bavarian Fisheries Society: “Collection and documentation of ichthyofauna diversity in Bavaria”. Goal: Provision of a material basis for up-to-date systematic and taxonomic research that is necessary in the European framework of conservation and sustainable utilization of fish-resour- ces. Value 2: Research potential for fundamental research Activity: Evolutionary biology research: (1) Sympatric speciation in Cameroonian crater lakes, (2) Allo- patric, parapatric and sympatric speciation in Sulawesis Malili Lakes, (3) Parapatric speciation along the geo- graphical gradient along the lower Congo rapids. Goal: Understanding the biodiversity and its origins through the targeted collection and analysis of adaptive radiations. Value 3: Research potential for conservation biology Activity: (1) Cooperation projects with international or local conservation-oriented NGOs in collection and documentation and of fish diversity in existing or proposed protected areas in Central Africa (e.g. Ca- meroon, Democratic Republic of Congo). Goals: (1) Determination of an estimate of conservation value of a region, (2) providing systematic baseline data for sustainable utilization of selected species (e.g. in ornamental fish exploitation), (3) providing an onset material basis for biomonitoring. 99 (91) The Darwin museum and its role in the ecological education, protection and studying of the nature of the Moscow region
Anna Klyukina, Vitaly Kontorshchikov, Gennady Kurilin State Darwin Museum, Vavilova Str., 57, 117292 Moscow, Russia vitkont≤darwin.museum.ru
State Darwin Museum is one of the largest Russian museums. The museum has taken active part in the educational, conservation and research activities devoted to the nature of the Moscow region since the moment of its establishment in 1907. The museum’s results of research activities are presented in scientific collections and publications. The contribution made by naturalists-amateurs to the studying of the Moscow region nature is comparable with the one made by professional scientists; and the museum has always been one of the centres of attraction for nature-lovers. The study group of young naturalists has worked in the museum since 1948. The Moscow region nature is rich, and we try to help other people understand it. The regular exposition, temporary exhibitions, guide-books are devoted to the demonstration of the Moscow nature. An ecological centre, where the visitor can gratuitously search information resources about the Moscow nature on the computers, was created in the museum in 2004. Computer programs and ecological games (“Moscow Red book”, “Ecological excursions in Moscow”, “A Muscovite’s ecological passport” et al.) have been specially developed for the centre; there is also free-of-charge Internet access to major ecological sites. Publishing activities comprise a significant part of our work.
(92) The role of research in Slovenian museum of Natural History
Breda ^in~ Juhant Slovenian Museum of Natural History, Pre{ernova 20, P. O. Box 290, 1001 Ljubljana, Slovenia bjuhant≤pms-lj.si
Slovenian Museum of Natural History is the central natural history museum, the treasury of biodiver- sity and the geologic heritage, the oldest museum in Slovenia and natural history class room. Museum was funded in 1821 as a Carniolan Provincial Museum. Its basic activity is the management of the natural history collections which are of national and broader significance. Research collections include zoological, botanical and geological collections. They serve to document natural heritage, especially Slovenian natural heritage, the development of natural history sciences and changes in biodiversity. Though Slovenian Museum of Natural History is very small in comparison with the other national natural history museums (concerning the num- ber of employees, budget and the building), it has significant scientific character. Though regular museum budget is not enough for optimal scientific research, museum can get some extra budget from national and international projects. Museum is a registered research organization at Slovenian research Agency. The Re- search department of the Slovenian Museum of Natural History is headed by Ignac Sivec, Ph. D., and includes 13 researchers – 8 of them with Ph. D. The research department is mainly engaged in biodiversity studies, specially zoology and zoophysiology and minor botany, but include also geology (mineralogy and petrolo- gy, palaeontology and biostratigraphy), museology and pedagogy. The strongest scientific potential is in the Department of Invertebrates, as it is the biggest department in Slovenian Museum of Natural History and all five researchers have doctorates in entomology. The Department of Vertebrates has three researchers, the Department of Geology two researchers and the Department of Botany only one. The rest of the registered researchers are employed in the Department of public relations, library and administration. At the time being a lot of scientific collaborations are running: with United States, China, United Kingdom and Croatia. Slovenian Museum of Natural History is connected with Euring – Co-ordinating bird ringing throughout Europe, BioCA- SE - Biological Collection Access Service in Europe and GBIF - Global Biodiversity Information Facility. At the time one programme and several projects are founded also by Slovenian Research Agency (programme Com- munities, relations and communications in the ecosystems and several projects: Exploration, Ecological and epidemiological characteristics of ehrlichiae in Slovenia, Genetic diversity of Borrelia burgdorferi sensu lato in Slovenia). The research work is strongly needed for professional natural history collection management. The output of the researches is published in several articles; it is used in museum exhibitions, catalogues and other museum publications (books, audio and audiovisual publications). One of the recent examples is “An overview of Slovenian mineral heritage” (in press - in collaboration of professional researchers with amateur collectors in documentation of geological heritage).As much as three scientific journals are published by the Slovenian 100 Museum of Natural History: Scopolia, Acta entomologica Slovenica (the latter together with the Slovenian En- tomological Society) and Illiesia, the International Journal of Stonefly Research, an international on-line journal published by Mississippi College and the Slovenian Museum of Natural History.
(93) Uspje{nost obavljanja muzejske djelatnosti Prirodoslovnog muzeja Rijeka od 1964. g. do 2005. g.
Milvana Arko-Pijevac Prirodoslovni muzej Rijeka, Lorenzov prolaz 1, 51000 Rijeka, Hrvatska milvana≤prirodoslovni.com
Uspje{nost obavljanja muzejske djelatnosti Prirodoslovnog muzeja Rijeka (PMR) analizirana je od 1964. do 2005.godine. Muzej i zoolo{ki vrt otvoreni su za javnost 1946.g., a godinu dana kasnije i akvarij. U 1964. godini dolazi do integracije Ribarstvene stanice i Prirodoslovnog muzeja u jednu ustanovu – Prirodoslo- vni muzej Rijeka. Od ove se godine muzejska djelatnost razvija samostalno.Za potrebu usporedbe uspje{nosti obavljanja muzejske djelatnosti PMR-a, razdoblje od 1964.g. do 2005.g. podijeljeno je na 4 dekadska razdo- blja: 1965.-1975.; 1976.-1985.; 1986.-1995. i 1996.-2005.g. Prikupljeni su podaci za osnovnu muzejsku djelatnost (broj inventiranih muzejskih predmeta, broj objavljenih stru~nih i znanstvenih radova) i kulturno-obrazovnu muzejsku djelatnost (broj realiziranih izlo`bi i stalnog postava, broj objavljenih publikacija u izdava~koj djelat- nosti muzeja, broj odr`anih vodstava, predavanja i radionica, te broj posjetitelja muzeja) Dobiveni podaci za sva 4 razdoblja uspore|ivani su s brojem zaposlenih stru~nih djelatnika i raspolo`ivim financijskim sredstvima. Izdvojeno je i obrazlo`eno najuspje{nije razdoblje obavljanja muzejske djelatnosti u Prirodoslovnom muzeju Rijeka.
Successfulness in the performance of museum activities of the Natural History Museum Rijeka from 1964. to 2005.
Milvana Arko-Pijevac Natural History Museum Rijeka , Lorenzov prolaz 1, 51000 Rijeka, Croatia milvana≤prirodoslovni.com
Successfulness in the performance of museum activities of the Natural History Museum Rijeka was analysed for the period from 1964 to 2005. Museum and zoological garden were opened for public in 1946, fol- lowed by the opening of an aquarium a year later. In 1964 Fishery Station and Natural History Museum integra- ted into one institution – Natural History Museum Rijeka. Since that year, museum activities have been develo- ping independently. For the purpose of comparison of successfulness in the performance of museum activities of NHMR, a period from 1964 to 2005 was divided into 4 decade periods: 1965.-1975.; 1976.-1985.; 1986.-1995. and 1996.-2005. We have gathered information for the primary museum activities (number of registered mu- seum’s items, number of published expert and scientific papers) and cultural-educational museum activities (number of organised exhibitions and permanent display, number of published works in the publishing acti- vities of the Museum, number of tours, lectures and workshops, as well as a number of Museum’s visitors). Gathered results for each of the 4 periods were compared with the number of employed expert workers and available financial funds. The most successful period in the performance of museum activities in the Natural History Museum Rijeka was singled out and analysed.
101 (94) Mnogolju{tura{i (Polyplacophora) i kopono{ci (Scaphopoda) u malakolo{koj zbirci Prirodoslovnog muzeja Rijeka
Mirjana Legac Prirodoslovni muzej Rijeka, Lorenzov prolaz 1, 51000 Rijeka, Hrvatska info≤prirodoslovni.com
Zbirka meku{aca (Mollusca) Jadrana osnovana je 1965. godine. Nakon obrade pu`eva (Gastropoda) i {koljka{a (Bivalvia) pri{lo se reviziji i inventiranju skupine mnogolju{tura{a (Polyplacophora) i kopono`aca (Scaphopoda). Primjerci sakupljeni u podru~ju sjevernog Jadrana sadr`e podatke o stani{tu, dubinskoj ra- sprostranjenosti, veli~inama i drugim osobitostima. Uskla|ena je sinonimija i sistematika, pripadnost za obje skupine prema suvremenoj literaturi. Malakolo{ka zbirka Muzeja sadr`i pored ve} obra|enih skupina i 5 vrsta mnogolju{tura{a kao i pet vrsta kopono`aca. Prema literaturnim podacima u Jadranu je do sada poznato 16 vrsta mnogolju{tura{a i 10 vrsat kopono`aca.
Chitons (Polyplacophora) and Tusk Shells (Scaphopoda) in Malacological Collection of the Natural History Museum Rijeka
Mirjana Legac Natural History Museum Rijeka, Lorenzov prolaz 1, 51000 Rijeka, Croatia info≤prirodoslovni.com
Mollusks Collection (Mollusca) of the Adriatic was founded in 1965. After the analysis of snails (Gastro- poda) and bivalves (Bivalvia), revision and inventory of the chitons (Polyplacophora) and tusk shells (Scapho- poda) has been conducted. Samples gathered throughout the northern Adriatic area include information about habitat, depth distribution, size, as well as other characteristics. Synonyms and systematics, as well as class distribution for both species is attuned according to the contemporary literature. Malacological Collection of the Museum houses, in addition to already analysed groups, 5 species of chitons and five species of tusk shells. According to literature information, so far 16 species of chitons and 10 species of tusk shells have been registered in the Adriatic.
(95) Dekapodna fauna zbirke rakova Prirodoslovnog muzeja u Rijeci
Marin Kirin~i} Prirodoslovni muzej rijeka, Lorenzov prolaz 1, 51000 Rijeka, Hrvatska marin≤prirodoslovni.com
Dekapodna fauna zbirke rakova Prirodoslovnog muzeja u RijeciMarin Kirin~i}Prirodoslovni mu- zej Rijeka Zbirka rakova Prirodoslovnog muzeja Rijeka jedna je od najbogatijih zbirki te vrste u Hrvatskoj. Najzna~ajnija se zbirka nalazi u Hrvatskom Prirodoslovnom muzeju u Zagrebu. Rije~ka je na drugom mjestu. Slijede}e se tri postoje}e zbirke jadranskih rakova nalaze u Institutu ”Ru|er Bo{kovi}” u Rovinju, Prirodoslovno- matemati~kom fakultetu u Zagrebu, te Prirodoslovnom muzeju u Splitu. Ostale znanstvene istra`iva~ke insti- tucije za more kao {to su Institut za istra`ivanje mora u Splitu i Dubrovniku nemaju registrirane zbirke rakova. Zbirka rakova Prirodoslovnog Muzeja u Rijeci, jednako kao i ostale zbirke muzeja, datira iz 1945. Izvori{te joj je u primjercima iz biv{e Ma|arske kraljevske pomorske biolo{ke stanice u Rijeci. Zbirka se stalno nadopunjuje biolo{kim materijalom prikupljenim metodom autonomnog ronjenja uzdu` transekta, metodom povla~nih mre`a, te sakupljanjem specijalnim vr{ama. Materijal se prikuplja du` Primorsko-goranske `upanije i cijelog Jadrana. Zbirka objedinjava redove Cirripedia, Stomatopoda, Decapoda, Amphipoda i Isopoda, te broji 1365 inventarnih mjesta. Dekapodi ~ine 98% inventarnih brojeva zbirke sa 148 identificiranih vrsta.
102 Decapod fauna in the carcinological collection of the Natural History Museum
Marin Kirin~i} Natural History Museum Rijeka, Lorenzov prolaz 1, 51000 Rijeka, Croatia marin≤prirodoslovni.com
Decapod fauna in the carcinological collection of the Natural History Museum RijekaMarin Kirin~i}Natural History Museum Rijeka The carcinological collection of the natural History Museum Rijeka is one of the largest collection of that kind in Croatia. The most significant one is the collection of the Croatian Natural History Museum in Zagreb. Our museum’s is the second one. Three other collections took place in the Center for Marine Research of Rovinj, in the University of Natural Science Zagreb and the one from Natural History Museum Split. The rest of the marine scientific institutions in Croatia as Institute for Marine Research in Split and Dubrovnik do not have any collection on crustaceans. The carcinological collection of the Natural History Museum Rijeka dates from 1945. and was originated in the specimens from the ex Hungarian Royal Ma- rine Biological Station in Rijeka. Biological material collected with special traps, hand nets and along the diving transects of the Primorsko-goranska County and entire Adriatic is constantly added to the collection. The col- lection is made of crustacean Orders Cirripedia, Stomatopoda, Decapoda, Amphipoda and Isopoda with 1365 inventory numbers. The decapods make 98% of the collection entry numbers with 148 identified species.
(96) Ihtiolo{ka zbirka Prirodoslovnog muzeja Rijeka deset godina poslije: ve}a i bolja?
Marcelo Kova~i} Prirodoslovni muzej Rijeka, Lorenzov prolaz 1, 51000 Rijeka, Hrvatska marcelo≤prirodoslovni.com
U ovom ~lanku predstavljene su kvantitativne i kvalitativne promjene u ihtiolo{koj zbirci Prirodoslovnog muzeja Rijeka u periodu od 1996. do 2006. godine. Zbirka je narasla oko {est puta i sadr`i 3866 primjeraka. Broj vrsta u zbirci je pove}an s 213 na 318 vrsta. Zemljopisno porijeklo primjeraka zna~ajno je pro{ireno. U zbirci su u ovom periodu pohranjeni isklju~ivo mokro konzervirani preparati s detaljnim podacima o primjer- cima. Zbirka sada ima tipove dviju vrsta, primjerke sedam vrsta koji predstavljaju prvi nalaz te vrste za neko zoogeografsko podru~je i primjerke {est vrsta koji su upotrebljeni u ostalim mikrotaksonomskim radovima. Na primjercima iz zbirke objavljen je 21 znanstveni rad, te su u tisku jo{ ~etiri rada. Napisana su i tri stru~na ~lanka na temelju ove zbirke. Na temelju iskustva s ihtiolo{kom zbirkom Prirodoslovnog muzeja Rijeka, raspravljeni su uvjeti dolaska do `eljenih rezultata u znanstvenim prirodoslovnim zbirkama.
Ichtiological Collection of the Natural History Museum Rijeka ten years later: bigger and better?
Marcelo Kova~i} Natural History Museum Rijeka, Lorenzov prolaz 1, 51000 Rijeka, Croatia marcelo≤prirodoslovni.com
In this paper, quantitative and qualitative improvements in the Ichtiological Collection of the Natural History Museum Rijeka in the period from 1996 till 2006 were presented. The Collection has grown six times in size and now it consists out of 3 866 samples. Number of species in the collection has grown from 213 to 318 species. Geographical origin of samples was significantly expanded. During this period, the collection was increased by exclusively wet conserved preparations accompanied by detailed information about the samples. Now, the collection has types of two species, seven species samples that represent first findings of these spe- cies for a certain zoogeographical area, as well as samples of six species that have been used in other micro- taxonomical analyses. So far, 21 scientific papers about the samples from the Collection were published, while four more papers are currently in the print. Also, 3 expert articles were written on the basis of this collection. Based on the experience with Ichtiological collection of the Natural History Museum Rijeka, we have negotia- ted terms of reaching the desired results in the scientific natural history collections.
103 (97) Uloga dokumentacije prirodoslovnih muzeja u prirodoslovnim istra`ivanjima
Borut Kru`i} Prirodoslovni muzej Rijeka, Lorenzov prolaz 1, 51000 Rijeka, Hrvatska borut≤prirodoslovni.com
Muzejska dokumentacija je sustavno izra|en, prikupljen, organiziran i pohranjen skup podataka, koji je nastao u tijeku procesa stru~ne obrade, za{tite i prezentacije muzejske gra|e, te se temelji na dogovorenom i utvr|enom broju i kvaliteti podataka o predmetu, grupi predmeta ili cjelokupnom fondu. Muzejska dokumenta- cija se sastoji o primarne, sekundarne i tercijarne dokumentacije. Do 2006. se dokumentacija se vodila poseb- no za svaku zbirku, te nisu postojale mogu}nosti spajanja i povezivanja u jednu cijelinu na razini muzeja.Priro- doslovni muzej Rijeka je od po~etka 2006. pre{ao na novi centralizirani sustav vo|enja dokumentacije baziran na sustavu relacijskih bazi sustavom server - klijenti. Za pravilno i kvalitetno vo|enje dokumetacije, zaklju~ili smo da je rje{enje u kori{tenju relacijske baze, a odabrana je ona dobivena programom FileMaker. Ono {to dobiva kori{tenjem sustava relacijskih baza je dinami~ki i kompleksni, ali cjelovit sustav dokumentiranja, a rezultat je pravilno vo|ena i funkcionalna dokumentacija. Vo|enje dokumentacije je postalo jednostavnije za kustose, transparentije se vide rezultati rada, postoji mogu}nost pregledavanja dokumetacije putem Interneta. Pravlino vo|ena dokumentacija, iako zakonom propisana, tako|er daje kvalitetan i sre|en skup podataka koji se mogu koristiti za istra`ivanja i analize odre|enog podru~ja, ~ak i od strane stru~njaka raznih znanstvenih di- sciplina, te kvalitetan temelj za po~etak za novih prirodoslovnih istra`ivanja.U radu je opisan proces konverzije kroz faze pilot-projekta, od starog na~ina vo|enja, do kranje implementacije na ra~unala kustosa, te kori{tenje, te spajanje sa sekundarom dokumentacijom.
The role of the Natural History museums documentation in natural history research
Borut Kru`i} Natural History Museum Rijeka, Lorenzov prolaz 1, 51000 Rijeka, Croatia borut≤prirodoslovni.com
Museum’s documentation is systematically made, gathered, organized and archived collection of data, which has been made during the procedure of expert processing, protection and presentation of museum’s documents and it is based on agreed and established number and quality of data about an item, group of items or of entire funds. Museum’s documentation consists out of primary, secondary and tertiary documentation. Until 2006. documentation has been managed separately for each collection and it was not possible to merge and link it into one encompassing unit on the level of the Museum. Natural History Museum Rijeka, since the beginning of 2006, switched to the new centralised system of documentation managing based on the system of relational basis with the server system - clients. For the correct and quality-based managing of documenta- tion, we have come to the conclusion that the solution lay in the use of relational basis, and the one generated by programme FileMaker was chosen. By the use of the relational basis system we have generated dynamic and complex, as well as integral system of documentation, having correctly managed and functional data as a result.Managing of documentation has become more simple for curators, showing more transparent work results and also, enabling the search of data over the Internet. Correctly managed data, although prescribed by law, also offers high-quality and organized set of data that can be used for research and analysis of a certain area, even by experts of various scientific disciplines. In addition, it offers high –quality basis for the beginning of new natural history research.In the paper, a process of conversion through the phases of pilot-project is described: starting from the former mode of data managing, progressing to the final implementation on the computers of curators. Also, the use and the merging with secondary documentation are described.
104 (98) Pedago{ki projekti Prirodoslovnog muzeja Rijeka od 2003. do 2006. godine
Iva Tomljenovi}, @eljka Modri} Prirodoslovni muzej Rijeka, Lorenzov prolaz 1, 51000 Rijeka, Hrvatska ivatomljenovic≤yahoo.com
Prirodoslovni muzej Rijeka, osim svojih temeljnih djelatnosti vezanih uz sustavno prikupljanje, stru~nu i znanstvenu obradu te ~uvanje muzejske gra|e, veliku va`nost pridaje sustavnom obrazovanju publike o oso- bitostima prirodne ba{tine {ireg rije~kog podru~ja te potrebi njezina o~uvanja. U tu svrhu, u Muzeju se stalnim postavima i privremenim izlo`bama prezentiraju prirodne osobitosti na{ega kraja, organiziraju se stru~na vod- stva kustosa te predavanja na aktualne teme iz za{tite prirode. U nastojanju otvaranja Muzeja prema javnosti i njegovog pribli`avanja najmla|ima, od jeseni 2003. godine odr`avaju se pedago{ke aktivnosti u obliku radio- nica osmi{ljenih u okviru ~etiri projekta: Projekt prirodoslovnih spoznajno–istra`iva~kih radionica u suradnji s Dje~jim vrti}em Delfin za djecu pred{kolske dobi, Mala {kola prirodoslovlja za u~enike ~etvrtih razreda, Prijatelji muzeja za u~enike petih razreda koji su ve} zavr{ili Malu {kolu prirodoslovlja te pojedina~ne radionice za u~enike osnovnih i srednjih {kola. Ove godine odr`ana je i pedago{ka akcija Kukci, kao najava otvaranja novog stalnog postava Muzeja – Kukci rije~kog podru~ja, kojom je kroz radionice i audiovizualne projekcije, pred{kolskoj i {kolskoj djeci pribli`en svijet kukaca,.
Educational projects of the Natural History Museum Rijeka 2003. to 2006.
Iva Tomljenovi}, @eljka Modri} Natural History Museum Rijeka, Lorenzov prolaz 1, 51000 Rijeka, Croatia ivatomljenovic≤yahoo.com
Natural History Museum Rijeka, in addition to its main activities related to the systematic gathering, expert and scientific processing, as well as treasuring of the museum materials, also gives high significance to the systematic education of public about the characteristics of the natural heritage of wider Rijeka region and about the necessity of its preservation. For that purpose, in the Museum’s permanent display and temporary exhibitions we present natural characteristics of our region, organize expert curator-led tours and lectures about current issues in the filed of environmental protection. With the goal of opening the Museum to the pu- blic and bringing it closet to the youth, since the fall of 2003, educational activities have been held in the form of workshops envisioned within the framework of four projects: Project of natural history cognitive-research workshops in cooperation with the Centre for preschool education Delfin for children, School for Young Na- tural Scientist for 4th grade elementary students, Museum’s Friends Club for 5th grade elementary school students that have already completed the School for Young Natural Scientists, as well as individual workshops for elementary and secondary school students. This year, we also undertook educational action Insects, as an announcement for the opening of new permanent display of the Museum – Insects of the Rijeka Region. As a part of this action we held workshops and audio-visual projections, in order to more closely introduce the world of insects to preschool and school children.
(99) Dubrova~ki prirodoslovni muzej u mre`i prirodoslovnih muzeja Hrvatske
Marija Crn~evi}*, Pero Tutman**, Dubravka Bojani}***, Nik{a Glavi}***, Nike Sudarevi}* *Grad Dubrovnik, Pred Dvorom 1, 20000 Dubrovnik, Hrvatska **Institut za oceanografiju i ribarstvo, [etali{te Ivana Me{trovi}a 63, 21000 Split, Hrvatska ***Institut za more i priobalje, Sveu~ili{te u Dubrovniku, Damjana Jude 12, 20000 Dubrovnik, Hrvatska mcrncevic≤dubrovnik.hr
Po~eci prirodoslovne muzejske djelatnosti u Dubrovniku se`u u 1872. godinu kada je osnovan Dubrova~ki Domorodni muzej (Museo Patrio). Uz zbirku Trgova~ko-obrtni~ke komore, temelj je ~inila privatna prirodoslovna zbirka ljekarnika i brodovlasnika Antuna Drobca. U prvoj polovini 20. stolje}a, tada{nji upravitelj muzeja Baldo Kosi} kompletirao je zbirku ptica, riba, vodozemaca, gmazova i sisavaca dubrova~kog kraja. Ta je muzejska gra|a od osobitog kulturnog i povijesnog zna~enja za Hrvatsku. Prirodoslovne zbirke tijekom povijesti preseljavane su ~ak {est puta pri ~emu je dio zbirki uni{ten. Poslijednje u nizu premje{tanja gra|e 105 bilo je za vrijeme Domovinskog rata. Godine 2003. zbirke su vra}ene u Dubrovnik. Zbog prirodoslovne i tradi- cije istra`ivanja mora postoji potreba za ponovnim uspostavljanjem prirodoslovnog muzeja u Dubrovniku, koji bi kao kulturna i znanstvena ustanova pridonio ne samo zna~enju grada, ve} i ostalih prirodoslovnih muzeja Hrvatske. Jedna od najva`nijih djelatnosti nove ustanove bila bi i suradnja sa znanstvenim institucijama u svrhu odr`avanja i pohranjivanja znanstvenih zbirki kao dokumentacije istra`iva~kog rada, te suradnja s prirodoslov- nim muzejima, posebno onim usmjerenim na istra`ivanje mora kao Prirodoslovni muzej u Rijeci.
Natural History Museum of Dubrovnik in the Croatian Natural History Museums net
Marija Crn~evi}*, Pero Tutman**, Dubravka Bojani}***, Nik{a Glavi}***, Nike Sudarevi}* *City of Dubrovnik, Pred Dvorom 1, 20 000 Dubrovnik, Croatia **Institute of Oceanography and Fisheries, [etali{te Ivana Me{trovi}a 63, 21000 Split, Croatia ***Institute for Marine and Coastal Research, University of Dubrovnik, Damjana Jude 12, 20 000 Dubrovnik, Croatia mcrncevic≤dubrovnik.hr
Museo Patrio of Dubrovnik was established in 1872 when the beginnings of the natural-science activi- ties were recorded. Besides the collection from the Chamber of Crafts and Trades, the basis of the museum was the private collection of the pharmacist and shipowner Antun Drobac. In the early 20th century, Baldo Kosi} completed the collections of birds, fishes, amphibians, reptiles and mammals of Dubrovnik area. That museum-material is of particular importance to the culture and history of Croatia. Museum collections were relocated six times in the past and partially ruined in that process. Last in sequence of transportations occured during the Croatian War for Independence. The collections were brought back again to Dubrovnik in 2003.It is necessary to restore Natural History Museum in Dubrovnik because of natural science and sea research tradi- tion. Museum, as a cultural and scientific institution, could contribute, not only to the town itself, but also to the remaining Natural History Museums in Croatia. One of the most important activities of the new establishment would be cooperation with other scientific institutions, especially one in Rijeka because of the sea researches, in order to conserve and store collections as documentation of research work.
106 ZA[TITA PRIRODE I OKOLI[A PROTECTION OF NATURE AND ENVIRONMENT
(100) Natural compounds from marine sponges, a possible replacement for toxic ingredients in antifouling coatings
Tom Turk, Kristina Sep~i} Department of Biology, Biotechnical Faculty, University of Ljubljana, Slovenia tom.turk≤bf-uni-lj.si
Sessile marine species live in an environment where fouling and antifouling strategy is a part of every day’s life. The struggle for available space and food is also the key for survival of such organisms. Many ma- rine organisms produce chemical substances that prevent them from being fouled with other organisms. In this regard, marine sponges seem to be particularly successful. From Mediterranean marine sponge Reniera sarai collected in the underwater caves of ^utin islands (Kvarner, Croatia) we have isolated 3-alkylpyridinium polymers that show a broad spectrum of biological activities among others a strong antifouling activity. We found that under laboratory conditions these compounds prevent microfouling of marine bacteria and inhibit settlement of Balanus amphitrite larvae (cypris and nauplia). In addition they also diminish growth of marine green alga Tetraselmis suecia. The antifouling mechanism up to 1 mg/ml of 3-alkypyridinium compounds is efficient but not toxic as proved with bivalve acute toxicity test and reversibility test of Balanus cyprid larvae settlement inhibition. Compared to booster biocides like copper or zinc pyrithione that are currently used as replacement of highly toxic organotin compounds, 3-alkypyridinium polymers cause same antifouling effects at rather higher concentrations but acts on a completely not toxic way.
(101) U~inci one~i{}enja zraka na podru~ju grada Rijeke, 1980-2000
Ana Alebi}-Jureti} Nastavni Zavod za javno zdravstvo, Kre{imirova 52a, 51000 Rijeka, Hrvatska ana.alebic≤zzjzpgz.hr
Krajem {ezdesetih i sedamdesetih nekoliko je velikih pogona izgra|eno u novoj industrijskoj zoni isto~no od grada. Zbog pove}anih emisija s tog podru~ja Rijeka je sredinom osamdesetih bila jedan od najzaga|enijih gradova s prosje~nim godi{njim koncentracijama SO2 koje su na nekim lokacijama prelazile 100 μg/m3. Od po~etka devedesetih uo~en je pad one~i{}enja SO2 u gradu. Kao rezultat 70%-tnog smanjenja emisija, na ~itavom podru~ju grada godi{nje koncentracije SO2 pale su 1995. god na ispod 50 μg/m3 (1). Nekoliko je ispitivanja tijekom posljednje dvije dekade 20 st potvrdilo {tetno djelovanje one~i{}enja zraka u Rijeci na materijale, bilje i ljudsko zdravlje. 1. U~inci na materijale: Suvi{ak sulfata na talogu sa slika ~uvanih u centralnom depou MMSU u Rijeci tijekom osamdesetih ukazuje na one~i{}enje zraka kao mogu}i izvor (2). 2. U~inci na bilje: Prva klasifikacija urbanog podru~ja prema li{ajnoj flori napravljena je 1985.god., a potvr|ena je i testom cjelovitosti membrane li{ajeva. U ponovljenim mjerenjima nakom 10 god., do- minacija osjetljivije vrste li{ajeva kao i pojava li{ajeva u prija{njem podru~ju li{ajne pustinje ukazuje na obnovu njihova prirodnog stani{ta zbog smanjenja one~i{}enja zraka (3,4). 3. U~inci na ljude: U retrospektivnoj kohortnoj studiji za razdoblje 1987-1996 na|en je rubno zna~ajan 14% pove}an relativni rizik za prijevremene porode u gradu u odnosu na ostatak regije, {to se mo`e pripisati one~i{}enju zraka. (5).
107 The effects of air pollution in the city of Rijeka (Croatia), 1980-2000
Ana Alebi}-Jureti} Teaching Institute of Public Health, Kre{imirova 52a, 51000 Rijeka, Croatia ana.alebic≤zzjzpgz.hr
During the late sixties and seventies, few huge plants were erected in the new industrial zone eastwar- ds from the city. High emission levels resulted in elevated ambient air pollution so that the city was one of the most polluted in Croatia during the mid-eighties, with annual means of SO2 exceeding 100 μg/m3 at some urban sites. A decline in ambient SO2 concentration was observed since the beginning of nineties. As a result of 70% reduction in emission the annual mean concentrations of SO2 in 1995. dropped bellow 50 μg/m3 at all urban sites (1). During the last two decades several studies were conducted to evidence the harmful effects of air pollution on: materials, plants and humans. 1. Effects on materials: The excess of sulphate found in the dirt from paintings kept in the central depot of the MCCA during the eighties indicates the possible effects of air pollution. (2). 2. Effects on plants: The first classification of the urban area according to the lichen flora was done in 1985. and confirmed with cell membrane integrity test. In the repeated measurements ten years after, the predominance of more sensitive species and the reappearance of lichens in the former desert areas indicated the recovery of their natural habitat (3.4). 3. Effects on humans: A retrospective cohort study for the period 1987-1996 indicated a boundary si- gnificant1 4% higher relative risk for preterm deliveries within the city comaparative to the rest of the region that could be attributed to air polution (5).
(102) Kisele ki{e i koli~ina oborine
Vi{nja [ojat, Gordana Hrabak-Tumpa, Dunja Borove~ki, Zlatica Gliha Dr`avni hidrometeorolo{ki zavod, Gri~ 3, 10000 Zagreb, Hrvatska sojat≤cirus.dhz.hr
Oborina je jedan od zna~ajnih pokazatelja donosa one~i{}uju}ih tvari iz udaljenih izvora emisije. U ovom radu, prema dnevnim uzorcima oborine prikupljene otvorenim uzorkova~em tzv. bulk metodom, prika- zan je udio kiselih oborina te njihove pHvrijednosti desetgodi{njeg razdoblja 1996. - 2005. godine podru~ja: Pazin, Rijeka, Senj (do 2001. godine) i Zavi`an (visinska postaja na Velebitu, 1594m n/v, koja je u sastavu EMEP- programa). Temeljna svrha odre|ivanja kiselosti tj. pHvrijednosti i kemijskog sastava oborine je utvr|ivanje koli~ine pojedine komponente koja talo`enjem dolazi do tla, a time i njezin utjecaj na razne ekosustave, zdravlje ljudi i materijalna dobra. Dobiveni podatci upu}uju na kontinuirano zakiseljavanje istra`ivanog podru~ja, a kisele ki{e se s ve}om ili manjom ~estinom pojavljuju u rasponu pH od 3,0 do 5,6. U promatranom razdoblju najvi{e kiselih ki{a zabilje`eno je na podru~ju industrijske i urbane Rijeke, zatim slijede: Zavi`an, Pazin te Senj. Istra`ivanje kakvo}e oborinske vode zna~ajno je kod procjene ukupnog one~i{}enja u raznim granama gospodarstva,te u planiranju i provo|enju politike za{tite okoli{a na nacionalnoj i me|unarodnoj razini.
Acid rains and precipitation amount
Vi{nja [ojat, Gordana Hrabak-Tumpa, Dunja Borove~ki, Zlatica Gliha Meteorological and Hydrological Service, Gri~ 3, 10000 Zagreb, Croatia sojat≤cirus.dhz.hr
Precipitaton is one of the significant indicators of pollution from remote emmison sources. This work shows acid precipitation amount and their pH qulities, based on daily precipitaton samples gathered with open sampler ,bulk method. This had been gathered for the ten years period (1996- 2005), on the areas of Pazin, Rijeka, Senj (till 2001) and Zavi`an ( height station on Velebit, 1594 m altitude, which is part of EMEP pro- gram). Main purpose of measuring acidity, i.e. pH value and chemical structure of precipitation, is to determi- ne amount of each component which reaches the soil by deposition, in order to detect its influence on various ecosystems, human health and material property. Acquired data show continual acidation of researched area and more or less frequent appearance of acid rains (acidity is varying from 3,0 to 5,6 pH ). Most acid rains have been recorded on industrial and urban Rijeka area, then are folloving Zavi`an, Pazin and Senj. Research intu the precipitation quallllllity can be useful for evaluation of global pollution in variiouseconomic sectors and in planning and implementation of the ennnviironmental protection polllicy on national and international level. 108 (103) Analiza peluda u zraku na podru~ju grada Rijeke u 2005. godini
Itana Bokan, Nikolina Furlan, Nada Matkovi} Nastavni zavod za javno zdravstvo Primorsko-goranske `upanije, Kre{imirova 52a, 51000 Rijeka, Hrvatska itana.bokan≤ri.htnet.hr
Alergijske bolesti u stalnom su porastu. Pripadaju najra{irenijim bolestima dana{njice. Naj~e{}i uzrok alergijskih bolesti di{nog sustava je pelud koji je ujedno i najsna`niji prirodni alergen. Vrsta i koli~ina peluda u zraku ovisi o vegetaciji na odre|enom podru~ju i vremenu cvatnje odre|enih vrsta biljaka. Kada se u zraku nalazi pelud u dovoljno visokoj koncentraciji, osobe osjetljive na pelud po~inju osje}ati simptome alergije. Da bi se na vrijeme sprije~ila pojava ne`eljenih simptoma pravodobnim uzimanjem odgovaraju}ih lijekova ili smanjuju}i kontakt s alergenima, potrebno je znati koncentraciju i vrstu peluda u zraku. Peludna zrnca se uzorkuju volumetrijskom metodom, uzorkiva~em tipa Hirst. U uzorcima se utvr|uju vrsta i broj peludnih zrnaca u m3 zraka u toku 24h svjetlosnim mikroskopom na pove}anju 400x. U 2005. godini, od 01.01. do 05.12., ukupno je izbrojano 48 436 peludnih zrnaca. Utvr|eno je 37 taksona. Najzastupljenija je bila pelud biljaka rodova tisa/ borovica (Taxus/Juniperus) s ukupnim udjelom od 40%. Slijedi pelud biljaka iz porodice kopriva (Urticaceae) s ukupnim udjelom od 35%. Najve}i broj peludnih zrnaca u zraku utvr|en je u svibnju, 37%, i u o`ujku, 33%.
Analysis of Airborne Pollen Concentrations in Rijeka in 2005
Itana Bokan, Nikolina Furlan, Nada Matkovi} Teaching Institute of Public Health, Kre{imirova 52a, 51000 Rijeka, Croatia itana.bokan≤ri.htnet.hr
The prevalence of asthma, allergic rhinitis, allergic conjunctivitis and eczema in Europe has increased during second half of the 20th century. These are mainly pollen related allergic diseases. Development and outcome of diseases depends mostly on the allergen concentration in the air. The geographical distribution of plants with allergenic pollen and allergic sensitivity to pollen allergens varies greatly across Europe. To be able to help people avoid appearance of symptoms it is necessary to know the concentration and type of pollen grains in the air in particular area. The samples were collected with a Hirst-type sampler. Pollen type and num- ber of grains per cubic meter of air were determined daily. In 2005, from January to December, total count of pollen measured at this samplig site was 48 436 pollen grains. There were 37 taxons of pollen determined. The Taxus/Juniperus type of pollen had the highest proportion: up to 40%. Family Urticaceae pollen type had the proportion of 35%. The largest number of pollen grains was counted in May, 37% of total count, and in March, 33% of total count of pollen grains in the
(104) Otok Krk: geokemijski okoli{ i zdravlje ljudi
Jasmina Obho|a{*, Ante Kutle**, Vladivoj Valkovi}* *Institute Ru|er Bo{kovi}, Bijeni~ka c.54, 10000 Zagreb, Hrvatska **NGO “Lijepa na{a”, Palmoti}eva 17a, 10000 Zagreb, Hrvatska jobhodas≤irb.hr
Prikupljanjem podataka o pobolu stanovni{tva na otoku Krku u Zavodu za javno zdravstvo Primorsko- goranske `upanije za razdoblje od 1997. do 2001. primje}eno je da tri op}ine u centralnom dijelu od ukupno se- dam op}ina na otoku Krku imaju ve}u u~estalost oboljenja za slijede}e skupine bolesti, prema me|unarodnoj klasifikaciji bolesti (WHO): S2 – novotvorine, S3 – bolesti krvi i krvotvornog sustava i bolesti imunolo{kog sustava, S4 – endokrine bolesti, bolesti prehrane i bolesti metabolizma, S5 – du{evni poreme}aji i poreme}aji pona{anja i S9 – bolesti cirkulacijskog sustava. Pretpostavlja se da je utjecaj geokemijskog okoli{a jedan od etiolo{kih faktora oboljenja. U svrhu procjene geokemijskog okoli{a na pobol stanovni{tva otoka Krka iz broj- nih analiza metodom fluorescencije rendgenskih zraka (XRF) utvr|ene su prosje~ne vrijednosti koncentracija {est kemijskih elemenata (Mn, Fe, Ni, Cu, Zn and As) u tlu, bilju, pitkoj vodi i uzorcima kose za op}ine na otoku Krku. Mape distribucija koncentracija kemijskih elemenata u navedenim geokemijskim matricama kao i u~estalost oboljenja dobivene su GPS-GIS metodolologijom. Uz obradu podataka multivarijantnim statisti~kim metodama («Principal Component Analysis» i «Cluster Analysis») pokazano je da postoji veza izme|u distribu- cije koncentracija istra`ivanih kemijskih elemenata i u~estalosti oboljenja. 109 Island of Krk: geochemical environment and human health
Jasmina Obho|a{*, Ante Kutle**, Vladivoj Valkovi}* *Institute Ru|er Bo{kovi}, Bijeni~ka c.54, 10000 Zagreb, Croatia **NGO “Lijepa na{a”, Palmoti}eva 17a, 10000 Zagreb, Croatia jobhodas≤irb.hr
The data on disease incidence rates for the individual municipalities of the island of Krk, obtained for the period from 1997 to 2001 from the Public Health Institution of Primorsko-goranska county showed that among the seven municipalities the three in the central part of the island have increased disease incidence ra- tes for the five groups of diseases defined by the WHO methodology: S2 - neoplasm, S3 - diseases of the blood and blood-forming organs and certain disorders involving the immune mechanism, S4 - endocrine, nutritional and metabolic diseases, S5 - mental and behavioral disorders and S9 - diseases of the circulatory system. One of the etiological factors is assumed to be the influence of the geochemical environment. The average element concentration values of six trace elements (Mn, Fe, Ni, Cu, Zn and As) for the geochemical environment in the individual municipalities were established from a number of X-ray Fluorescence (XRF) analyses of soil, plant, potable water and hair samples. The GPS-GIS methodology was used to obtain maps of trace elements in dif- ferent matrices and disease incidence distributions. Data analyses were performed by multivariate statistical methods (Principal Component Analysis and Cluster Analysis). It has been shown that the concentration levels of the elements could be related to disease incidence rates.
(105) Hidrografska i navigacijska obilje`ja podru~ja Primorsko-goranske `upanije te mogu}e vrste i intenzitet djelovanja prirodnih i civilizacijskih nesre}a
@eljko Bradari} Hrvatski hidrografski institute Split, Zrinsko- Frankopanska 161, 21000 Split, Hrvatska zeljko.bradaric≤hhi.hr
Sustav za{tite i spa{avanja gra|ana, materijalnih i drugih dobara u katastrofama i ve}im nesre}ama ure|en je Zakonom o za{titi i spa{avanju. Jedinice lokalne i podru~ne samouprave, u okviru svojih prava i obve- za, pored ostalog ure|uju i planiraju za{titu i spa{avanje. Ure|enju i dono{enju planova prethodi dono{enje procjena ugro`enosti na svim teritorijalnim razinama. Propis odre|uje da su znanstvene, stru~ne i druge insti- tucije koje raspola`u podacima temeljem kojih se mogu izraditi procjene du`ne aktivno sudjelovati na izradi procjena i dostavljati tra`ene podatke nadle`nim uredima za{tite i spa{avanja. Hrvatski hidrografski institut (HHI) je znanstveno stru~na institucija koja obavlja hidrografsku djelatnost za podru~je dr`avne nadle`nosti na moru. Hidrografskom djelatno{}u prikupljaju se hidrografski, oceanografski i meteorolo{ki parametri koji se prvenstveno koriste u izradi slu`benih pomorskih navigacijskih karta i priru~nika. Prikupljeni parametri svakako su korisni podaci i za izradu procjena ugro`enosti odre|enih morskih, oto~nih i obalnih podru~ja. U ovom se radu temeljem podataka HHI-a prezentiraju hidrografska i navigacijska obilje`ja Primorsko-goranske `upanije, te se za akvatorij `upanije identificiraju mogu}e vrste i intenzitet djelovanja prirodnih i civilizacijskih nesre}a. Osim podloge za izradu procjene za konkretnu `upaniju ovim se radom utvr|uje i model podataka za izradu procjena za ostale `upanije i teritorijalne razine.
Hydrographic and navigational characteristics of the area of Primorsko-Goranska County and the impact of natural and civilizational disasters
@eljko Bradari} Hydrographic Institute of the Republic of Croatia Split, Zrinsko-Frankopanska 161, 21000 Split, Croatia zeljko.bradaric≤hhi.hr
The system of protection and rescue of people and resources in disasters has been regulated by the Protection and Rescue Act. Within their rights and obligations, local and regional government units organize and plan the protection and rescue. Before planning, they make Assessment of endangering conditions on all territorial levels. The regulation defines that the scientific, technical and other institutions are obliged to take an active part in the process of making Assessment, and submit the required data to the appropriate protec- 110 tion and rescue bodies. Hydrographic Institute of the Republic of Croatia (HHI) is a scientific and technical institution responsible for the hydrographic activity in the area under maritime jurisdiction of Croatia, collec- ting hydrographic, oceanographic and meteorological data for the production of official navigational charts and publications. The collected data are also very useful for making Assessment of endangering conditions in a marine, insular or coastal area. This paper presents hydrographic and navigational characteristics of the Primorsko-Goranska County based on the data of the HHI, and identifies possible kinds of natural and civiliza- tional disasters in this area and intensities of their impact. The paper also defines the data model for making Assessment in other counties and on different territorial levels.
(106) Raznoliko porijeklo pla`a otoka sjevernog Jadrana - da li gospodarenje obalnom zonom zahtijeva posebne pristupe za pojedina~ne pla`e?
Snje`ana Mikul~i} Pavlakovi}*, Marta Crnjakovi}*, Borna Lu`ar-Oberiter**, Ljubomir Babi}** *Hrvatski prirodoslovni muzej, Demetrova 1, 10000 Zagreb, Hrvatska **Geolo{ko-paleontolo{ki zavod, Prirodoslovno-matemati~ki fakultet, Sveu~ili{te u Zagrebu, Horvatovac 102a, 10000 Zagreb, Hrvatska. snjezana.mikulcic≤hpm.hr
Poja~avanje pritiska razvitka na hrvatske obalne okoli{e dovodi do njihove sve ve}e izlo`enosti de- gradaciji. Potreba o~uvanja estetskih, rekreacijskih i gospodarskih vrijednosti tih okoli{a, naime, odnosnog prirodnog naslje|a, nije jo{ izazvala odgovaraju}u potrebu za znanjima, neophodnim za zasnivanje kriterija i na~ina njihove za{tite i gospodarenja. S obzirom na poznate tendencije razvitka ljudskih aktivnosti u obalnoj zoni Hrvatske, sada{nje neznanje utjecati }e negativno na odr`ivost tih okoli{a. U nastojanju da se pribave po- daci, kojima bi se steklo razumijevanje sudbine hrvatskih pla`a, komparativno je istra`en sastav i porijeklo ma- terijala pla`a otoka Suska i Raba u sjevernom Jadranu. Pokazalo se da pla`e karakterizira vi{e tipova sastava. Ustanovljeno je nekoliko ekstrema u vrstama hranjenja sedimentnim materijalom, kao i vi{e mije{anih varijete- ta snabdijevanja. To implicira ne samo sudjelovanje raznih vrsta izvornih stijena, nego i razne putove prinosa sedimentne sirovine. Varijabilnost sastava, izvornih predjela i putova prinosa zahtijeva, dakle, specifi~ni pristup pitanju odr`ivosti za svaki pojedina~ni primjer ili srodnu skupinu okoli{a pla`a. Prema tomu, zna~ajke sastava, izvora i putova prinosa potrebno je podrobno upoznati, kako bi se stvorila osnova za definiranje mjera za{tite tog prirodnog i gospodarskog bogatstva, sukladno odr`ivom razvitku i time definirali elementi gospodarenja obalnom zonom Hrvatske.
The variable origin of beaches of north Adriatic islands - does Coastal Zone Management require a separate approach for individual beaches?
Snje`ana Mikul~i} Pavlakovi}*, Marta Crnjakovi}*, Borna Lu`ar-Oberiter**, Ljubomir Babi}** *Croatian Natural History Museum, Demetrova 1, 10000 Zagreb, Croatia **Department of Geology and Paleontology, Faculty of Science, University of Zagreb, Horvatovac 102a, 10000 Zagreb, Croatia snjezana.mikulcic≤hpm.hr
The Croatian coastal environments are experiencing a rising pressure from development which is increasing their vulnerability. The need for the preservation of aesthetic, recreational and economic values, i.e. the relevant natural heritage, has not yet sufficiently stimulated the need for knowledge which represents an indispensable base when considering the protection and management of these environments. With regards to trends in human activities in the Croatian coastal zone, the present-day lack of knowledge will have a negative impact on their sustainability. In order to provide data for understanding the fate of Croatian beaches we have conducted a comparative beach sediment study of the islands of Susak and Rab. The beaches show several types of composition, indicating several end-members and mixing varieties with regards to sediment supply. This implies not only contribution from different rock types but also diversity in supply pathways. This variability in composition, source areas and supply pathways necessitates a separate approach to sustainability issues for each beach or beach group. Hence, these features should be better understood in order to be able to define measures for the protection of this natural and economic resource and to identify key elements of Coastal Zone Management in Croatia.
111 (107) Kakvo}a mora na podru~ju Primorsko-goranske `upanije u 2005. godini
Du{anka ]uzela-Bila}, Itana Bokan, Vanda Pi{kur, Nastavni zavod za javno zdravstvo, Primorsko-goranske `upanije Rijeka, Kre{imirova 52a, Hrvatska dusanka.cuzela≤ri.t-com.hr
Kupanje u ~istom moru lije~i; more one~i{}eno kanalizacijom mo`e biti izvor zaraze za velik broj lju- di stoga je neophodno redovito kontrolirati i nadzirati kakvo}u morske vode namijenjenu za kupanje. Na~in kontrole kakvo}e morske vode i frekvencija uzorkovanja u Republici Hrvatskoj propisani su Uredbom o stan- dardima kakvo}e mora na morskim pla`ama (N.N. 33/96). Najva`niji pokazatelji kakvo}e morske vode su bakterije indikatori fekalnog zaga|enja. U 2005. godini ispitivano je more na morskim pla`ama na podru~ju cijele Primorsko-goranske `upanije, njenog obalnog i oto~nog dijela. Ukupno je pregledan 2421 uzorak na 231 to~ki. Uzorci su uzimani svakih 15 dana. Bakteriolo{ke analize ra|ene su metodom membranske filtracije. U uzorcima se utvr|ivao broj ukupnih koliformnih bakterija, fekalnih koliformnih bakterija i fekalnih streptokoka. 16 to~aka nije udovoljavalo uvjete iz Uredbe (N.N. 33/96), od ~ega je 15 to~aka ili 6,5% svrstano u pla`e s umje- reno zaga|enim morem. Samo je na jednoj postaji ispitivanja more svrstano u ja~e zaga|eno, {to zna~i da su sve ostale to~ke zadovoljavale kriterije Svjetske zdravstvene organizacije i program za{tite okoli{a Ujedinjenih naroda. Najve}i broj pla`a koje nisu udovoljavale kriterijima nalaze se na kopnenom dijelu gusto urbaniziranog obalnog pojasa od Opatije do Rijeke.
Sanitary quality of the coastal sea water in the Primorsko-goranska county in 2005
Du{anka ]uzela-Bila}, Itana Bokan, Vanda Pi{kur Teaching Institute of Public Health, Kre{imirova 52a, 51000 Rijeka, Croatia dusanka.cuzela≤ri.t-com.hr
Polluted and unsafe recreational waters can lead to infections. Because of the great public health risk that come from sewage contaminated coastal waters it is very important to constantly monitor sanitary quality of water used for recreational purposes. The sanitary quality of the sea water in Primorsko-goranska County was assessed according to the Regulations for the Control of the Sea Water Used for Recreational Purposes (N.N. 33/96) and WHO and UNEP criteria. Sanitary quality of the coastal sea water in the Primorsko-goranska County in 2005 was examined on the 231 locations. 2421 samples were taken.Water samples were taken at each designated bathing water sampling point at regular intervals – usually every second week- throughout the bathing season (1 May – 30 September). Each sample was analysed for total coliform bacteria, faecal coliform bacteria and faecal streptococci. 16 locations did not meet the Regulations of Republic Croatia (N.N. 33/96), 15 of which had moderate bathing quality sea. There was only one location with sea not suitable for bathing. Other locations met the WHO and United Nations criteria. The greatest number of locations that did not meet the criteria of the Regulations of Republic Croatia (N.N. 33/96) are situated at the coastal part of the County.
(108) Predstavljanje i za{tita geolo{ke ba{tine – primjer Pou~ne geolo{ke staze Vela draga u Parku prirode U~ka
Damir Lackovi} Hrvatski prirodoslovni muzej, Demetrova 1, 10000 Zagreb, Hrvatska damir.lackovic≤hpm.hr
Izdvojeni elementi geolo{ke ba{tine mogu se ~uvati u muzejima i zbirkama, no cjelovito jedino u priro- di, kao {to je to slu~aj i u Parku prirode U~ka. Za razliku od muzejskog postava gdje su prirodnine izdvojene iz svog okoli{a i samo djelomi~no izlo`ene u vitrini, na pou~noj geolo{koj stazi Vela draga izlo{ke je mogu}e dodirivati i do`ivjeti u neposrednom prisnom kontaktu s okoli{em. Pou~nim plo~ama posjetiocima se izravno ukazuje na zna~enje i vrijednost geolo{kih pojava {to je ujedno i nu`na pretpostavka za njihovu za{titu. Pred- stavljanjem geolo{ke ba{tine u prirodi, oboga}uje se i sadr`aj turisti~ke ponude. Kanjon Vele drage odabran je za geolo{ku pou~nu stazu zbog svoje geomorfolo{ke posebnosti, te mogu}nosti kori{tenja ve} postoje}ih pla- ninarskih putova. Na popularan na~in na stazi je prikazan postanak planine U~ke, od doba stvaranja krednih i paleogenskih karbonatnih sedimenata do izdizanja U~ke i usijecanja kanjona Vela draga. Osim toga prikazani su erozija i tro{enje foraminiferskih vapnenaca uz pukotine, stvaranje sipara i kvartarnih bre~a te vapnena~kih 112 stupova. Uz geolo{ke i geomorfolo{ke fenomene, na stazi su predstavljene ornitolo{ke i vegetacijske zanim- ljivosti te sportsko penjanje i alpinizam kao aktivnosti koje se ovdje tradicionalno odvijaju. Du`ina staze iznosi 600m, a vrijeme potrebno za obilazak oko 30-45 minuta.
Presentation and prevention of geological heritage – examples of Geological educational path Vela draga from the U~ka Nature park
Damir Lackovi} Croatian Natural History Museum, Demetrova 1, 10000 Zagreb, Croatia damir.lackovic≤hpm.hr
Isolated elements of geological heritage are usually stored and presented in the natural history museu- ms and collections. However, integral geological phenomena in their original environment can be preserved and presented only in nature (in situ). Vela draga canyon in U~ka Nature Park is an example of this approach. On this site visitors can touch and feel geological phenomena in direct contact with the environment. Through educational boards they learn how to appreciate the significance and value of geological phenomena, which is a first step towards the successful protection. Such presentation of the geological heritage also enriches the tourist offer. The Vela draga canyon was chosen for the geological path because of its exceptional geomor- phologic characteristics and existence of marked hiking trails. The path presents the formation of the U~ka Mountain, from the age of Cretaceous and Paleogene carbonate sedimentation to the mountain uplift and downcutting of the Vela Draga canyon. The phenomena like limestone erosion, scree, Quaternary breccias and attractive limestone towers are also presented. Beside geological phenomena, information about ornitho- logy, vegetation, sports climbing and alpinism is also offered to the visitors. Path length is 600 m and the route duration is about 45 minutes.
(109) Prijetnje populaciji bjeloglavog supa (Gyps fulvus) na kvarnerskim otocima i mjere za{tite
Gordana Pavokovi} Bra}e Ba~i}a 34, Rijeka, Hrvatska gogapa≤inet.hr
Podru~je rasprostranjenosti bjeloglavog supa (Gyps fulvus Hablizl 1783) u Europi je danas znatno manje nego u pro{losti, s tendencijom smanjivanja. Supovi u Hrvatskoj obitavaju samo na podru~ju kvarner- skih otoka - na otoku Cresu, Krku, Plavniku i Prvi}u, te povremeno na otoku Pagu, dok su po~etkom pro{log stolje}a bili rasprostranjeni u Slavoniji, Istri i Dalmaciji. Vrste sa sporom stopom rasta mogu trebati du`e vrije- me da se oporave od smanjenja brojnosti populacije. Na veli~inu kvarnerske populacije najve}i utjecaj imaju (ne)dostupnost hrane (smanjenje brojnosti ovaca, promjena na~ina uzgoja s ekstenzivnog na~ina na stajski uzgoj), sveobuhvatno ilegalno trovanje divljih i doma}ih `ivotinja (posebno alohtone divlja~i na kvarnerskim otocima), ljudsko proganjanje – ilegalno ubijanje kako bi se eliminiralo supove iz lovnih podru~ja, uznemira- vanje od strane ljudi (turizam ili rekreacija u podru~ju gnijezdili{ta), elektrokucija, sudari s motornim vozilima, te sa strukturama koje je na~inio ~ovjek (turbine na vjetar), urbanizacija – uni{tavanja stani{ta (probijanje cesta, kamenolomi).Na ove se ~imbenike mo`e jednostavno utjecati primjenom aktivne za{tite. Ukupni cilj programa za{tite je o~uvanje i pove}anje kvarnerske populacije bjeloglavih supova koja }e biti poveznica izme|u zapa- dno mediteranskih i isto~no europskih populacija supova, a ostvarenje cilja mo`e se mjeriti pove}anjem broja jedinki i kolonija, odnosno {irenjem areala supova.
Threats to the Eurasian Griffon (Gyps fulvus) population on Kvarner islands and protection measures
Gordana Pavokovi} Brace Bacica 34, Rijeka, Croatia gogapa≤inet.hr
Eurasian Griffon’s (Gyps fulvus Hablizl 1783) European range is quite smaller than in the past, with tendency of decrease. Griffons in Croatia breeds only on the Kvarner islands: Cres, Krk, Plavnik and Prvic, and occasionally, on the island of Pag, while at the beginning of the 20th century Griffons lived in Slavonia, Istra and 113 Dalmatia. Species with lower growth rate need longer recovery period from the population decrease. On the Griffon’s population size in Kvarner area main influence has food availability (decreasing numbers of sheep, change of sheep farming – extensive to intensive herding), illegal poisoning of wild and domestic animals (especially alien game species on Kvarner islands), human persecution – illegal shooting in order to eliminate Griffons from hunting area, disturbance (tourism, recreational activities in nesting area), electrocution, colli- sion with cars and with structures made by man (wind turbines), urbanization – habitat destruction (building of roads, quarry). By active protection of colonies it would be easy to influence on these factors. Final goal of Eurasian Griffon protection programme is increase of population which would be a bridge between western Mediterranean and Eastern European Griffon’s populations. Achievement could be measured by increased number of individuals and colonies i.e. increase of breeding range.
(110) Za{ti}ena podru~ja Primorsko – goranske i Istarske `upanije
Irina @eger, Karla Fabrio, Irina Zupan Dr`avni zavod za za{titu prirode, Savska cesta 41/XXIII, 10000 Zagreb, Hrvatska irina.zeger≤dzzp.hr
U ovom radu napravljena je komparativna analiza podataka o za{ti}enim podru~jima, podru~jima predvi|enim za za{titu, podru~jima koja su u{la u sastav preliminarne Nacionalne ekolo{ke mre`e te podru~jima va`nima za ptice na podru~ju Primorsko – goranske i Istarske `upanije. Unutar granica Primorsko – goranske `upanije evidentirana su 34 za{ti}ena podru~ja (1 strogi rezervat, 1 nacionalni park, 8 posebnih rezervata, 1 park prirode, 9 spomenika prirode, 3 zna~ajna krajobraza, 7 park {uma i 4 spomenika parkovne arhitekture) i 107 podru~ja predvi|ena za za{titu , a na podru~ju Istarske `upanije evidentirano je 40 za{ti}enih podru~ja (1 nacionalni park, 4 posebna rezervata, 1 park prirode, 11 spomenika prirode, 9 zna~ajnih krajobraza, 6 park {uma i 8 spomenika parkovne arhitekture) i 109 podru~ja predvi|enih za za{titu. Nacionalna ekolo{ka mre`a predstavlja sustav najvrijednijih podru~ja za ugro`ene vrste, stani{ta, ekolo{ke sustave i krajobraze, me|usobno povezana koridorima te su od me|unarodne i nacionalne va`nosti. Trideset dva lokaliteta unutar Primorsko – goranske `upanije u{la su u sastav preliminarne Nacionalne ekolo{ke mre`e (kao dio jezgre) dok je u Istarskoj `upaniji u{lo 14 lokaliteta. Ukupno ~etiri podru~ja (po dva u svakoj `upaniji) koja su u{la u sastav preliminarne Nacionalne ekolo{ke mre`e ujedno su i va`na podru~ja za ptice u Hrvatskoj.
Protected areas of Primorsko-goranska and Istarska counties
Irina @eger, Karla Fabrio, Irina Zupan State Institute for Nature Protection, Savska cesta 41/XXIII, 10000Zagreb, Croatia irina.zeger≤dzzp.hr
This study contains comparative analysis of data on protected areas, areas to be protected, areas that are included in the system of preliminary National Ecological Network and areas of importance to birds on the territories of Primorsko-goranska and Istarska counties. Within the borders of Primorsko-goranska county 34 protected areas were evidenced (one strict reserve, one national park, eight special reserves, one nature park, nine natural monuments, three protected landscapes, seven park forest and four horticultural monument) and 107 areas intended for protection, while on the territory of Istarska county 40 protected areas were evi- denced (one national park, four special reserves, one nature park, eleven natural monuments, nine protected landscapes, six park forest and eight horticultural monument) and 109 areas intended for protection. National ecology network represents a system of the most valuable areas for endangered species, habitats, ecosystems and landscapes, connected together by corridors and are of international and national importance. Thirty two localities within Primorsko-goranska county were included in the system of preliminary National Ecological Network (as a part of the core) while in Istarska county 14 localities were included. Four areas in total (two in each county) that were included in the system of preliminary National Ecological Network are also Important areas for birds in Croatia.
114 (111) Ekoturizam – za{tite prirode i okoli{a
Ivanka Avelini Holjevac, Dora Smol~i} Jurdana Fakultet za turisti~ki i hotelski menad`ment Opatija, Ika, Primorska 42, p.p. 97 51410 Opatija, Hrvatska ivankaah≤fthm.hr
Turizam }e biti jedna od najve}ih industrija 21. stolje}a. Najva`niji resurs koji turisti~ka industrija «ek- spolatira» je priroda u naj{irem smislu rije~i. [to turizam ~ini da bi taj resurs za{titio i sa~uvao? Instrumenti za{tite prirode su mnogobrojni, a u materijalima ovog rada su ograni~eni na Eti~ki kodeks za turizam (Svjetska turisti~ka organizacija – WTO, 1999.) Taj kodeks sadr`i svega deset ~lanaka, ali se priroda i obveze prema prirodi od strane svih sudionika turisti~ke industrije (vlade, tour-operatori, turisti~ke agencije, investitori, turisti~ki djelatnici, turisti) posebno nagla{avaju. Analizom Eti~kog kodeksa za turizam mo`e se zaklju~iti da se po{tivanjem na~ela i pravila eti~kog kodeksa osigurava razvoj odr`ivog turizma. Razvoj turizam temelji se na si- gurnosti turista i za{titi okoli{a iz ~ega proizlazi i potreba uspostavljanja ravnote`e ekonomije, ekologije i za{tite okoli{a u turizmu. O~uvanje prirode je uvjet za kvalitetan `ivot ~ovjeka, a putniku – turistu pru`a mogu}nost za zadovoljenje `elja, potreba i o~ekivanja od turisti~kog putovanja. U radu se upu}uje na va`nost ekolo{kih standarda u upravljanju potpunom kvalitetom turisti~kog proizvoda, posebno kada je u pitanju razvoj ekoturiz- ma. Upravljanje potpunom kvalitetom turisti~kog proizvoda slo`eno je, ali nu`no, jer je broj turista sve ve}i, a konkurencija ja~a. Turisti `ele svoje slobodno vrijeme provesti maksimalno ugodno i korisno, za svoj novac `ele dobiti kvalitetan proizvod i uslugu.
Ecotourism – preservation of nature and environmental protection
Ivanka Avelini Holjevac, Dora Smol~i} Jurdana Faculty of Tourism and Hospitality Management, Ika, Primorska 42, p.p. 97, 51410 Opatija, Croatia ivankaah≤fthm.hr
Tourism will be one of the biggest industries in the 21st century. The most important resource for tourism is nature. What does tourism industry do to protect that resource? There are many instruments for pre- servation of nature; for the purpose of this paper the Global Code of Ethics for Tourism will be analyzed (World Tourism Organization – WTO, 1999). The Code includes ten articles outlining the «rules of the game» for all the participants and stakeholders connected with tourism industry (governments, tour operators, tourist agencies, investors, professionals and tourists). By analyzing the Global Code of Ethics for Tourism it is obvious that the respect of the principles and rules of the Code is a precondition for sustainable development. The develop- ment of tourism is based on the security, safety of tourists and environment. The aim of the paper is to point the need to create a balance between economics, ecology and environment in tourism. The preservation of nature is a requirement for mankind’s quality of life, while the traveler – the tourist is given the opportunity to satisfy de- sires, needs, and expectations related to their trip. The paper points out the importance of ecological standards in the total quality management of the tourist product, especially considering the development of ecotourism. Total quality management is complex, but necessity, because the number of tourists is growing as well as the competition on the tourism market. Tourists wish to spend their leisure time comfortable as much as possible, and they wish to get high quality of the products and services for their money.
(112) Primjena upravnih sredstava kao regulatornog mehanizma u za{titi prirode
Dario \er|a, @elimir Gr`an~i} Pravni fakultet Sveu~ili{ta u Rijeci, Hahli} 6, 51000 Rijeka, Hrvatska dariod≤pravri.hr
Iskori{tavanje prirodnih dobara u gospodarske svrhe jedan je od najve}ih uzro~nika degradacije priro- de. Stoga je pravna regulacija ~ovjekovih aktivnosti i zahvata u prirodi nu`na pretpostavka ne samo u~inkovite za{tite prirode, ve} i potrajnog gospodarenja prirodnim resursima.Stupanjem na snagu Zakona o za{titi pri- rode iz 2005. godine u hrvatskom pravnom sustavu dogodio se zna~ajan zaokret u normiranju za{tite prirode u odnosu na regulatorno-pravni koncept za{tite kakav je postojao ranijih desetlje}a. Uz ostale novine koje donosi, a odnose se prije svega na znatno ve}i obuhvat i uskla|enost sa EU zakonodavstvom te instrumentima 115 me|unarodnog javnog prava, Zakon propisuje intenzivniju primjenu upravnog postupka kao mehanizma za upravljanje prirodnim vrijednostima i za{titu tih vrijednosti. Ovaj rad daje pregled i analizira upravna sredstva kojima se u cilju za{tite prirode odobrava odnosno uvjetuje kori{tenje prirodnih dobara i izvo|enje zahvata u prirodu. Nadalje, istra`uju se i posebne odredbe o postupku dono{enja predmetnih upravnih akata koje Zakon (o za{titi prirode) propisuje kao lex specialis. Tako|er, doma}a zakonska rje{enja uspore|uju se sa odgovaraju}im pravnim institutima pojedinih dr`ava europskog kruga.Klju~ne rije~i: upravni postupak, uprav- ni akti, koncesije, koncesijska odobrenja, za{tita prirode, gospodarenje prirodnim dobrima
Application of administrative means as a nature protection regulatory mechanism
Dario \er|a, @elimir Gr`an~i} Faculty of Law, University of Rijeka, Hahli} 6, 51000 Rijeka, Croatia dariod≤pravri.hr
Commercial exploitation of natural resources poses one of the major causes of nature degradation. Therefore, legal regulation of human activities that affect nature is necessary prerequisite of both efficient nature protection and sustainable natural resources management.In comparison with the past legal regulation of nature protection in Croatia, new Law on Nature Protection that entered into force in 2005 has brought a significant turning point in domestic nature protection normative concept. Among its\’ other novelties, Law on Nature Protection regulates much wider range of issues and it is harmonized with EU law and with certain trea- ties of international public law. In addition, the Law prescribes more intensive application of the administrative procedure which serves as a legal tool in nature protection and management. This article thus reviews and analyses the administrative means that are either permitting or conditioning human usage of natural resources and activities with possible adverse impact on nature. Special procedural provisions on issuance of certain administrative acts that are prescribed by Law on Nature Protection as lex specialis rule, are also examined. Finally, the above mentioned administrative and legal issues are comparatively analyzed against the relevant legal provisions from selected European countries.Keywords: administrative procedure, administrative acts, concessions, permits, nature protection, natural resources management.
116 UPUTE AUTORIMA
Priop}enja sa Skupa tiskati }e se u Zborniku radova Prirodoslovna istra`ivanja rije~kog podru~ja II
Krajnji rok za slanje radova je 15.10.2006. godine.
Mole se autori da predlo`e po tri recenzenta za svoj rad
Dostavljanje rukopisa Urediva~ki odbor prihvatit }e radove na hrvatskom i engleskom jeziku. Ako je rad napisan na engleskom je- ziku pro{ireni sa`etak treba biti na hrvatskom i obrnuto. Materijal se dostavlja Urediva~kom odboru Zbornika putem elektronske po{te (symposium≤prirodoslovni.com) ili po{tom (Urediva~ki odbor Zbornika, Prirodo- slovni muzej Rijeka, Lorenzov prolaz l, 51000 Rijeka, Hrvatska), i kao ispis i na disketi. Primitak rukopisa bit }e potvr|en.
Priprema rukopisa Molimo autore da, radove (tekst i tabele) dostavljaju pripremljene u Microsoft Word. Format je veli~ine A4, s marginama od 3 cm. Font treba biti u Times New Roman 12 pt, s dvostrukim proredom.
Radovi trebaju biti napisani u slijede}em obliku: Naslov Ime(na) autora - puna ime(na) (malim slovima) i prezime(na) (velikim slovima) Naziv institucije - malim slovima kurzivom, e-mail Sa`etak Klju~ne rije~i Uvod Materijal i metode Rezultati Rasprava Zahvale Literatura Pro{ireni sa`etak Tabele Legende slika Slike Urediva~ki odbor prihvatit }e odstupanja od zadanog oblika u poglavljima: Materijal i metode, Rezultati, Ra- sprava, ako je to opravdano prema tipu rada.
Pro{ireni sa`etak - na hrvatskom ili engleskom jeziku. Naslov sa`etka treba biti kompletan i sadr`avati sve podatke kao naslov samog rada, ime(na) autora, instituciju. Veli~ina sa`etka ne smije prelaziti 30 redova.
Naslov poglavlja (uvod, itd.) pi{u se velikim tiskanim slovima. Naslovi i podnaslovi pi{u se u posebnim redo- vima a ne u istom nizu s po~etkom teksta.
Literatura • Citati u tekstu navode se: SMITH (1974) SMITH, 1974 FALCONER i LATYSZEWSKI. 1965 AULSTAND i sur. 1972. • Citati u tekstu navode se kronolo{kim redom. • Prezimena autora u popisu literature treba pisati sa zarezom i inicijalom: SMITH, D. Kada se citira rad vi{e autora, inicijali prvog autora pi{u se iza prezimena dok inicijali koautora dolaze ispred prezimena: SMITH, D. i A. ROBERTS. SMITH, D., A. ROBERTS i R. BLACK. • Publikacije jednog autora koje su izdane iste godine navode se: 1924a, b, c, itd., bilo u citatima unutar teksta, bilo u popisu literature. • Citati u popisu literature koji se odnose na vi{e radova istog autora navode se kronolo{kim redom.
117 • Popis literature pi{e se abecednim redom prezimena autora, a radovi istog autora pi{u se kronolo{ki. • Ako se jedan te isti autor pojavljuje i sam i s vi{e autora, redosljed je slijede}i: publikacije jednog auto¬ra navedene kronolo{ki, publikacije istog autora s vi{e koautora abecedno. • Skra}enice ~asopisa citirati prema Svjetskoj listi znanstvene periodike. • Literatura se navodi u popisu slijede}im primjerima:
Za periodi~ne publikacije WALNE, PR. 1964. Observation on the fertility of the oyster (Ostrea edulis).J. Mar. Biol. Assoc. U.K., 44: 293-310. FALCONER, D.S. i M. LATYSZEWSKI. 1965. The environment in relation to selection for size in mice. J. Genet., 51: 62-80. AULSTAND, D., T. GJESREM i B. SKJERVOLD. 1972. Genetic and environmental sources of variation in length of rainbow trout (Salmo gairdneri). J. Fish. Board Can., 29: 232-241.
Za knjige BOOLOOTIAN, R.A. 1966. Physiology of Echinodermata. Interscience Publisher.NewYork, N.Y, 882 pp.
Za poglavlja u knjigama ALEXANDER, G., J.P SIGNORE i E.S.E. HAFEZ. 1974. Behavioural aspects of reproduction. In: E.S.E. Hafez (Editor). Reproduction in Farm Animals. Lea and Febiger, Philadelphia. Pa., pp. 222-254.
Za izvje{}a sa znanstvenih skupova O’CONNOR, C. 1975. Reproductive periodicities and population dynamics of some New South Wales sea urchins with a view to open sea culture. In: G. Persoone and E. Jaspers (Editors). lOth European Symposium on Marine Biology, Ostend Belgium, 17-23 September, Vol. l. Uruversal press, Wetteren, Belgium, pp. 285-301.
Za doktorske i magistarske radnje DABROWSKI, K. 1926. Studies on the utilisation of non-protein compounds in common carp nutrition. Thesis, University of Olsztyn.
Tabele Tabele treba pisati na odvojenim listovima koji se paginiraju u nizu sa svim ostalim stranicama. Svaka tablica treba imati legendu postavljenu iznad tablice i numeriraju se arapskim brojkama (Tabela 1. Legenda). Tabela treba biti jasno nazna~ena u tekstu: u tabeli 1. ili (Tabela 1.). Izbjegavati okomite linije.
Slike Grafikoni, karte i ostale ilustracije prihva}aju se u digitalnom obliku (TIFF, JPG, EPS...) Grafikoni, karte i ostale ilustracije koje nisu u digitalnom obliku trebaju biti izradene tu{em na bijelom ili paus papiru ili laserski printa- ne u zadovoljavaju}oj rezoluciji. Slike trebaju biti takve da dozvoljavaju smanjenje 4 puta. Treba stoga osigurati u originalu dovoljno velika slova koja ovim smanjivanjem ne}e postati ne~itka. Fotografije se takoder primaju ukoliko im je kvaliteta zadovoljavaju}a. Prihva}aju se isklju~ivo original slika i fotografija ili digitalni oblik visoke rezolucije (300 dpi). Svaka slika treba imati legendu. Legende svih slika pi{u se na posebnom listu. Na slike se treba jasno pozivati u tekstu: na slici 1. ili (Slika 1.).
Latinski nazivi Latinske nazive rodova i vrsta treba pisati kurzivom. Izbjegavati sva nepotrebna podcrtavanja.
Prvi otisak Prvi otisak radova Uredni{tvo }e poslati autorima na korekturu. Autori su du`ni ispravljeni tekst vratiti u roku od 3 dana.
Separati Autorima pripada 20 separata besplatno (koje treba podijeliti medu autorima, ukoliko ih je vi{e).
Uredni{tvo moli autore da se pridr`avaju uputa. Uredni{tvo je na raspolaganju za obrazlo`enje svih nejasno}a. Uredni{tvo 118 INSTRUCTION TO AUTHORS
The presentations from this Symposium shall be published in the Proceedings
Deadline for papers submission is l5th October 2006.
We kindly ask the authors to suggest three reviewers each for their papers.
Submission of manuscripts Editorial Board shall accept papers in both English and Croatian languages. If the paper is written in English, extended abstract needs to be written in Croatian, and vice versa. Material intended for publication should be sent to the Editorial Board via e-mail (symposium≤prirodoslovni. com) or via mail (Editorial Board, Proceedings, Natural History Museum Rijeka, Lorenzov prolaz 1, 51 000 Rijeka, Croatia) both in the printed form and on the floppy disk. Reception of manuscripts shall be confirmed.
Preparation of manuscripts Papers (texts and tables) should be prepared in Microsoft Word. Format should be A4 page with 3 cm margins. The font should be Times New Roman 12 pt and double-spaced.
Manuscripts should, in general, be organized in the following manner: Title Author(s) name(s) (lower case) and surname(s) (written in capital letters) Affiliation(s) –lower case, in italics, e - mail Summary Key words Introduction Material and methods Results Discussion Acknowledgements References Abstract Tables Illustration captions Illustrations The Editorial Board shall tolerate deviations from the set form in the following chapters: Material and methods, Results, Discussion, only if the type of the paper justifies them.
Abstract in Croatian or in English, providing the complete title, name(s) of author(s) and affiliation(s). Abstract should be no longer than 30 lines.
The titles of chapters (Introduction, ect.) should be typed capital letters. Titles and subtitles should be typed in separate lines and not in the same alignment as the beginning of text body.
References • References should be arranged in the following manner: SMITH (1974) SMITH, 1974 FALCONER and LATYSZEWSKI. 1965 AULSTAND ET AL.1972. • References in the text should be arranged chronologically. • In the list of references, surnames of authors are written with a comma and initial: SMITH, D. The initials of any additional co-authors, excluding the first, precede the surname: SMITH, D. and A. ROBERTS. SMITH, D., A. ROBERTS and R. BLACK. • Publications by the same author(s) published in the same year should be listed as 1924a, b, c etc., both in the text citations and in the list of references. • References in the list which relate to more papers by the same author are arranged chronologically. • The list of references should be arranged alphabetically according to the surname of authors, while the pa- 119 pers of the same author are listed chronologically. • If an author on the list is also mentioned with co-authors, the following order should be used: publications of a single author arranged chronologically - followed by publication of the same author with more than one co- author alphabetically. • Journal abbreviations should be in accordance with the World List of Scientific Periodicals. • References are arranged in the list according to the following examples
For periodicals WALNE, PR. 1964. Observation on the fertility of the oyster (Ostrea edulis). J. Mar. Biol. Assoc. U.K., 44: 293-310. FALCONER, D.S. and M. LATYSZEWSKI. 1965. The environment in relation to selection for size in mice. J. Genet., 51: 67-80. AULSTAND, D., T. GJEDREN and B. SKJERVOLD. 19Z2. Genetic and environmental sources of varia- tions in length of rainbow (Salmo gairdneri). J. Fish. Board Can., 29: 232-241.
For books BOOLOOTIAN, R.A. 1966. Physiology of Echinodermata. Interscience Publisher. New York, N.Y, 882 pp.
For chapters in books ALEXANDER, G., J.P SIGNORE and E.S.E. HAFEZ. 1974. Behavioral aspects of repro duction. In: E.S.E. Hafez (Editor). Reproduction in Farm Animals. Lea and Febiger, Philadelphia. Pa., pp. 222-254.
For edited symposia O’CONNOR, C. 19~5. Reproductive periodicities and population dynamics of some New South Wales sea urchins with a view to open sea culture. In; G. Persoone and E. Jaspers (Editors). 10th European Symposium on Marine Biology, Ostend Belgium, 17-23 September, Vol. l. Universal press, Wetteren, Belgium, pp. 285-301.
For theses DABROWSKI, K; 1976. Studies on the utilization of non-protein compounds in common carp nutrition. Thesis, University of Olsztyn, 96 pp.
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120 Kazalo autora / Author index...... Priop}enje br./ Presentation No...... Strana / Page
Alebi} Jureti}, Ana...... 1,27,29,101...... 30, 49, 50, 51, 107, 108 Antoni}, Oleg...... 33...... 54, 55 Arko - Pijevac, Milvana...... 93...... 101 Avelini Holjevac, Ivanka...... 111...... 115 Babi}, Ljubomir...... 106...... 111 Baji}, Alica...... 11...... 37 Bar~i}, Damir ...... 54...... 71 Bari{i}, Delko...... 41...... 60, 61 Battelli, Claudio...... 67...... 82 Belu{i}, Danijel...... 12...... 38 Benac, ^edomir...... 37...... 58 Bognar, Andrija...... 43...... 63 Bogner, Danijela...... 69...... 84 Bojani}, Dubravka ...... 99...... 105, 106 Bokan, Itana...... 103,107...... 109, 112 Bor~i}, Adriana...... 69...... 84 Borove~ki, Dunja...... 102...... 108 Bradari}, @eljko...... 105...... 110 Brana, Minka...... 52...... 70 Brana, Slavko...... 4,52...... 32, 70 Brigi}, Andreja...... 63...... 78, 79 Buj, Ivana...... 61,62,63...... 77, 78, 79 Bukovec, Dragan...... 33...... 54, 55 Buzjak, Suzana...... 53...... 70, 71 Cetini}, Perica...... 76...... 89 Corrà, Christian...... 73...... 87 Crmari}, Ranko...... 36...... 57 Crn~evi}, Marija...... 99...... 105, 106 Crnjakovi}, Marta...... 106...... 111 Cukrov, Marijana...... 26...... 48 Cukrov, Neven...... 24,26...... 46, 47, 48 Cvitan, Lidija...... 14...... 39 ^in~ Juhant, Breda...... 92...... 100 ^rnjar, Mladen...... 25...... 47, 48 ]aleta, Marko...... 61,62,63...... 77, 78, 79 ]osovi}, Vlasta...... 68,70...... 82, 83, 84, 85 ]urkovi}, Snje`ana...... 83,84,86...... 94, 95, 96, 97 ]uzela Bila}, Du{anka...... 28,107...... 49, 50, 112 De Canziani Jak{i}, Theodor...... 7...... 34 Deak, Sandra...... 68...... 82, 83 Dedi}, @eljko...... 40...... 59, 60 Domijan, Nenad...... 20...... 43, 44 Dul~i}, Jakov...... 76,79,80...... 89, 91, 92 Duplan~i} Leder, Tea...... 45...... 65 \er|a, Dario...... 112...... 115, 116 \uras Gomer~i}, Martina...... 83,84,85,86,87...... 94, 95, 96, 97, 98 Erben, Radovan...... 60...... 76 Fabrio, Karla...... 110...... 114 Faimali, Marco...... 73...... 87 Faivre, Sanja ...... 48...... 67 Filip~i}, Anita...... 46...... 66 Fiorini , Sarah...... 73...... 87 Fouache, Eric...... 48...... 67 Francour, Patrice...... 77...... 90 Fran~i{kovi}-Bilinski, Stanislav ...... 34...... 55, 56 Furlan, Nikolina...... 103...... 109 Gaji}-^apka, Marjana...... 9...... 36 121 Galov, Ana...... 83,84,87...... 94, 95, 97, 98 Garaventa, Francesca...... 73...... 87 Glavi}, Nik{a...... 99...... 105, 106 Gliha, Zlatica...... 102...... 108 Gomer~i}, Hrvoje...... 82,83,84,85,86,87...... 93, 94, 95, 96, 97, 98 Gomer~i}, Tomislav...... 64,82,83,84,85,86,87...... 79, 93, 94, 95, 96, 97, 98 Gomer~i}, Vera...... 85...... 96 Gottstein Mato~ec, Sanja...... 60...... 76 Grade~ki, Maja...... 56,65...... 73, 80 Grbac, Irena...... 58...... 75 Greco, Giuliano...... 73...... 87 Grgurev, Marin...... 58...... 75 Grzetic, Zvonko...... 20...... 43, 44 Gr`an~i}, @elimir...... 112...... 115, 116 Gu`vica, Goran...... 64...... 79 Hajduk – ^erneha, Bojana...... 63...... 78, 79 Harzhauser, Mathias...... 89...... 99 Herak, Davorka...... 21...... 44 Herak, Marijan...... 21...... 44 Hervat, Martina...... 69,72...... 84, 86, 87 Hrabak-Tumpa, Gordana...... 10,102...... 36, 37, 108 Huber, \uro...... 64,85...... 79, 96 Ivan~i}, Ingrid ...... 66...... 81 Ivatek-[ahdan, Stjepan...... 10...... 36, 37 Jal`i}, Branko...... 26...... 48 Jardas, Ivan...... 76...... 89 Jeri~evi}, Amela...... 17...... 41 Jura~i}, Mladen ...... 31,34,35,36,41,70...... 53, 55, 56, 57, 60, 61, 84, 85 Kallay, Nikola...... 23...... 46 Kastmuller, @eljko...... 40...... 59, 60 Kekez, Lovorka...... 72...... 86, 87 Kerovec, Mladen...... 59,60...... 75, 76 Kirin~i}, Marin...... 95...... 102, 103 Klari}, Sanja...... 88...... 98 Klasinc, Leo...... 22...... 45 Klepa~, Koraljka...... 2,39...... 30, 31, 59 Klete~ki, Eduard...... 58...... 75 Klobu~ar, Göran...... 60...... 76 Klyukina, Anna...... 91...... 100 Kokan, Bo`e...... 81...... 92 Kontorshchikov, Vitaly...... 91...... 100 Kova~evi}, Davor...... 23...... 46 Kova~i}, Iva ...... 82...... 93 Kova~i}, Marcelo...... 96...... 103 Kraljevi}, Miro...... 76,79,80...... 89, 91, 92 Kra{, Mirjana...... 28...... 49, 50 Kru`i}, Borut ...... 97...... 104 Kru`i}, Petar...... 71...... 86 Kurilin, Gennady ...... 91...... 100 Ku{an, Vlado...... 33...... 54, 55 Kutle, Ante...... 104...... 109, 110 Kwokal, @eljko...... 24...... 46, 47 Lackovi}, Damir...... 108...... 112, 113 Leder, Nenad...... 20,45...... 43, 44, 65 Legac, Mirjana...... 75,94...... 88, 89, 102 Luci}, Hrvoje...... 82,83,84,86...... 93, 94, 95, 96, 97 Lucu, ^edomil...... 88...... 98 Luk{i}, Boris...... 40...... 59, 60 Lu`ar-Oberiter, Borna ...... 106...... 111 122 Maguire, Ivana...... 60...... 76 Maji}, @eljka ...... 23...... 46 Malnar, Ivan...... 56...... 73 Maradin, Mladen...... 47...... 66 Mar~i}, Zoran...... 61,62,63...... 77, 78, 79 Markovi}, Jelena...... 23...... 46 Mati} - Skoko, Sanja...... 76,79,80...... 89, 91, 92 Matijevi}, Dragan...... 41...... 60, 61 Matkovi}, Nada...... 103...... 109 Me|ugorac, Branka...... 28...... 49, 50 Mei}, Martina...... 70...... 84, 85 Mesi}, Sa{a...... 32,33...... 53, 54, 55 Mihaljevi}, Zlatko...... 59...... 75 Mihanovi}, Hrvoje...... 20...... 43, 44 Miko, Slobodan...... 32,33...... 53, 54, 55 Mikul~i} Pavlakovi}, Snje`ana...... 106...... 111 Mileta, Marina...... 13...... 38, 39 Modri}, @eljka ...... 51,98...... 69, 105 Moro, Alan...... 68...... 82, 83 Mrakov~i}, Milorad...... 61,62,63...... 77, 78, 79 Mulc, Boris...... 65...... 80 Mustafi}, Perica...... 61,62,63...... 77, 78, 79 Nikoli}, Nela...... 87...... 97, 98 Novosel, An|elko...... 74, 88 Novosel, Maja...... 6,74...... 33, 88 Obho|a{, Jasmina...... 25,104...... 47, 48, 109, 110 Oluji}, Goran ...... 74...... 88 Omanovi}, Dario...... 24,26...... 46, 47, 48 Orli}, Mirko...... 8,12,18,19...... 35, 38, 42, 43 Pahernik, Mladen...... 44...... 64 Pallaoro, Armin...... 76...... 89 Pasari}, Miroslava...... 18,74...... 42, 88 Pasari}, Zoran...... 12,18...... 38, 42 Patar~i}, Mirta...... 9,15...... 36, 40 Pavleti}, Zinka...... 3...... 31, 32 Pavlovec, Rajko...... 2...... 30, 31 Pavokovi}, Gordana...... 109...... 113 Peh, Zoran...... 33...... 54, 55 Peharda, Melita ...... 72...... 86, 87 Pelcer, Zvonimir...... 55...... 72 Per~ec Tadi}, Melita ...... 9...... 36 Pernar, Renata...... 33...... 54, 55 Pikelj, Kristina...... 35,70...... 56, 84, 85 Pi{kur, Vanda...... 30,107...... 51, 52, 112 Polak, Slavko...... 57...... 74 Popovi}, Zvjezdana...... 72...... 86, 87 Po{tenjak, Karmelo...... 56,65...... 73, 80 Poyato-Ariza, Francisco José ...... 38,39...... 58, 59 Po`ar-Domac, Antonieta...... 6,70,71,74...... 33, 84, 85, 86, 88 Prelogovi}, Eduard...... 48...... 67 Preo~anin, Tatjana...... 23...... 46 Prohi}, Esad...... 32...... 53, 54 Radanovi}-Gu`vica, Biserka...... 42...... 61 Rasol, Dubravka...... 16...... 40, 41 Rosavec, Roman...... 54...... 71 Ru`i}, Igor...... 37...... 58 Schliewen, Ulrich...... 90...... 99 Sep~i}, Kristina...... 100...... 107 Sinov~i}, Gorenka...... 78...... 90 123 Smol~i} Jurdana, Dora...... 111...... 115 Soldo, Alen...... 76...... 89 Srnec, Lidija...... 9...... 36 Stagli~i}, Nika ...... 72...... 86, 87 Sudarevi}, Nike...... 99...... 105, 106 Supi}, Nastjenjka ...... 19...... 42, 43 Surina, Bo{tjan...... 49,51...... 68, 69 [afarek, Goran ...... 66...... 81 [a{a, Du{ka...... 59...... 75 [imac, Zavi{a...... 41...... 60, 61 [karo, Krunoslav...... 36...... 57 [krti}, Darinka...... 83,84,86...... 94, 95, 96, 97 [ojat, Vi{nja...... 102...... 108 [panjol, @eljko...... 54...... 71 [parica-Miko, Martina...... 32,33...... 53, 54, 55 [poler-^ani}, Kornelija...... 16,17...... 40, 41 [ver, Lidija...... 64...... 79 Ternjej, Ivan~ica...... 59...... 75 Tiblja{, Darko...... 34,41...... 55, 56, 60, 61 Tomasovi}, Dina...... 5...... 32, 33 Tomljenovi}, Iva...... 98...... 105 Trinajsti}, Ivo...... 3,50...... 31, 32, 68, 69 Turk, Tom...... 100...... 107 Tutman, Pero...... 99...... 105, 106 Valkovi}, Vladivoj...... 25,104...... 47, 48, 109, 110 Vili~i}, Damir...... 66...... 81 Vladovi}, Dalibor...... 5...... 32, 33 Vrbek, Mirjana...... 53...... 70, 71 Vrgo~, Nedo...... 72...... 86, 87 Vrgo~, Sanja...... 81...... 92 Vukovi}, Snje`ana...... 83,84,86...... 94, 95, 96, 97 Zanella, Davor...... 61,62,63...... 77, 78, 79 Zaninovi}, Ksenija...... 9,15...... 36, 40 Zavodnik, Du{an...... 68,75...... 82, 83, 88, 89 Zorica, Barbara...... 78...... 90 Zupan, Irina...... 110...... 114 @eger, Irina ...... 110...... 114 @evrnja, Nediljko...... 5...... 32, 33 @ic, Elvis...... 37...... 58 @igi}, Vi{nja...... 35...... 56
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