An Introduction to Mining and Quarrying in the Ancient Andes: Sociopolitical, Economic and Symbolic Dimensions
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Applicability of Siberian Placer Mining Technology to Alaska
MIRL Report No. 89 Applicability- - of Siberian Placer Mining Technology to Alaska Dr. Frank J. Skudrzyk, Project Manager E++W Engineering Consultants 461 1 Dartmouth Fairbanks, Alaska James C,Barker U.S. Bureau of Mines Alaska Field Operations Cenkr Fairbanks. Alaska Daniel E. Walsh School of Mineral Engineering University of Alaska Fairbanks Fairbanks, Alaska Rocky MacDonald American Arctic Company Fairbanks, Alaska Library of Congress Cataloging in Publication Data Library of Congress Catalog Card Number: 9 1-6 1923 ISBN 0-911043-12-8 May, 1991 Published bv Mined Industry Research Laboratory 212 ONeill Building University of Alaska Fairbanks Fairbanks, Alaska 99775-1 180 Alaska Science and Technology Foundation 550 West 7th Avenue Suite 360 Anchorage, Alaska 99501 ABSTRACT The result of Perestroyka and Glasnost has been an awakening of potential for cooperation between East and West. Nowhere has that been better demonstrated than between Alaska and Magadan Province, USSR. This report summarizes a one year effort financed by ASTF, with participation from several technical organizations, to establish contacts with the Siberian placer mining industry. The purpose of the project was to provide initial assessment of the Soviet technology for placer mining in permafrost. A ten day trip to Magadan province by an ASTF team and a similar length visit to Alaska by the Soviet mining group representing the All Union Scientific and Research Institute of Gold and Rare Metals, (VNII-I), Magadan are described. The report also reviews translated data on mining in permafrost and describes surface and underground placer mining technology developed by the Soviets. The report also lists relevant publications on Soviet mining research and state of the art Soviet mining technology and expertise. -
Argyrodite Ag8ges6 C 2001-2005 Mineral Data Publishing, Version 1
Argyrodite Ag8GeS6 c 2001-2005 Mineral Data Publishing, version 1 Crystal Data: Orthorhombic, pseudocubic. Point Group: mm2. Pseudo-octahedra, dodecahedra, cubes, or as combinations of these forms, in crystals as large as 18 cm. Also radiating crystal aggregates, botryoidal crusts, or massive. Twinning: Pseudospinel law {111}; repeated interpenetration twins of pseudododecahedra on {111}. Physical Properties: Fracture: Uneven to slightly conchoidal. Tenacity: Brittle. Hardness = 2.5–3 VHN = n.d. D(meas.) = 6.29 D(calc.) = 6.32 Optical Properties: Opaque. Color: Steel-gray with a red tint, tarnishes black; in polished section, gray-white with a violet tint. Streak: Gray-black. Luster: Strong metallic. Pleochroism: Very weak. Anisotropism: Weak. R1–R2: (400) 28.9–29.5, (420) 27.9–28.5, (440) 27.1–27.7, (460) 26.3–26.9, (480) 25.8–26.3, (500) 25.3–25.8, (520) 25.0–25.4, (540) 24.7–25.2, (560) 24.6–25.0, (580) 24.5–24.9, (600) 24.4–24.9, (620) 24.5–24.8, (640) 24.6–24.9, (660) 24.5–24.9, (680) 24.6–25.0, (700) 24.7–25.0 Cell Data: Space Group: Pna21. a = 15.149(1) b = 7.476(2) c = 10.589(1) Z = 4 X-ray Powder Pattern: Machacamarca, Bolivia. 3.02 (100), 1.863 (50), 2.66 (40), 3.14 (30), 2.44 (30), 2.03 (30), 1.784 (20) Chemistry: (1) (2) (3) Ag 75.78 74.20 76.51 Fe 0.68 Ge 3.65 4.99 6.44 Sn 3.60 3.36 Sb trace trace S 16.92 16.45 17.05 Total 99.95 99.68 100.00 (1) Chocaya, Bolivia. -
Weiss Et Al, 1995) This Paper Disputes the Interpretation of Castor Et Al
EVALUATION OF THE GEOLOGIC RELATIONS AND SEISMOTECTONIC STABILITY OF THE YUCCA MOUNTAIN AREA NEVADA NUCLEAR WASTE SITE INVESTIGATION (NNWSI) PROGRESS REPORT 30 SEPTEMBER 1995 CENTER FOR NEOTECTONIC STUDIES MACKAY SCHOOL OF MINES UNIVERSITY OF NEVADA, RENO DISTRIBUTION OF ?H!S DOCUMENT IS UKLMTED DISCLAIMER Portions of this document may be illegible in electronic image products. Images are produced from the best available original document CONTENTS SECTION I. General Task Steven G. Wesnousky SECTION II. Task 1: Quaternary Tectonics John W. Bell Craig M. dePolo SECTION III. Task 3: Mineral Deposits Volcanic Geology Steven I. Weiss Donald C. Noble Lawrence T. Larson SECTION IV. Task 4: Seismology James N. Brune Abdolrasool Anooshehpoor SECTION V. Task 5: Tectonics Richard A. Schweickert Mary M. Lahren SECTION VI. Task 8: Basinal Studies Patricia H. Cashman James H. Trexler, Jr. DISCLAIMER This report was prepared as an account of work sponsored by an agency of the United States Government. Neither the United States Government nor any agency thereof, nor any of their employees, makes any warranty, express or implied, or assumes any legal liability or responsi- bility for the accuracy, completeness, or usefulness of any information, apparatus, product, or process disclosed, or represents that its use would not infringe privately owned rights. Refer- ence herein to any specific commercial product, process, or service by trade name, trademark, manufacturer, or otherwise does not necessarily constitute or imply its endorsement, recom- mendation, or favoring by the United States Government or any agency thereof. The views and opinions of authors expressed herein do not necessarily state or reflect those of the United States Government or any agency thereof. -
Chuquicamata Underground Mine Design: the Simplification of the Ore Handling System of Lift 1
Caving 2018 – Y Potvin and J Jakubec (eds) © 2018 Australian Centre for Geomechanics, Perth, ISBN 978-0-9924810-9-4 doi:10.36487/ACG_rep/1815_27_Paredes Chuquicamata underground mine design: the simplification of the ore handling system of Lift 1 P Paredes Codelco, Chile T Leaño Codelco, Chile L Jauriat Codelco, Chile Abstract The ore handling system layout plays a fundamental role in cave mining projects, not only because it is one of the main drivers in the production capacity and reliability of the mining system, but also because it is a fundamental variable in the footprint’s development time and cost (Paredes et al. 2016). In terms of ore handling system definition, the governing paradigm in Codelco’s projects has been the productivity maximisation through the optimisation of load–haul–dump unit (LHD) tramming distances. This has resulted in layout designs that solve the productive-effectiveness problem by shortening the LHD tramming distance by introducing orepasses inside the footprint area. Following this principle, the original macro block design of the Chuquicamata Underground Mine Project (PMCHS) considered an ore handling system layout based on the maximisation of operational flexibility. In this design, LHDs dumped into orepasses located inside the footprint area, transferring the ore into crusher chambers located below the production level, where ore was crushed and then conveyed to surface. This resulted in a very flexible layout for the operation, but at the same time, implied the execution of a large amount of vertical and major infrastructure excavations, as well as the assembling, commissioning and operation of a large amount of mechanical equipment for the mine. -
93 Placer Tailings Are Features on the Historic-Period Mining Landscape
PAPERS ON HISTORICAL ARCHAEOLOGY 93 GGGOLDOLDOLD IN THETHETHE TAILINGSAILINGSAILINGS MICHAEL DAVID NEWLAND Recent field research of post-Gold Rush placer-mining operations along the Feather River suggests that placer tailings, the cleaned and processed rock and sediment waste of placer-mining operations, can contain important information about mining technique and landscape reconstruction. In addition, careful reconstruction of mining events can tie early mining claims with their mining operations. Two placer-mining sites, Spring Valley Gulch, worked in the 1860s-1870s, and the McCabe Creek Complex, worked in 1853-1860, both studied as part of the Oroville Relicensing Project, will be used as illustrations. lacer tailings are features on the historic-period mining landscape These three questions can be addressed using two sites as case that are typically ignored or recorded minimally, because studies: the Spring Valley Gulch complex and the McCabe Creek Presearchers think that either there is no information potential complex. there, or such features are too complex to address during field study. Placer tailings are found throughout the gold country of the west, and indeed around the world. Tailings are the bi-product of mining: the TWO CASE STUDIES: SPRING VALLEY GULCH AND MCCABE CREEK scraped, washed, or otherwise processed boulders, cobbles, and finer sediments left as a end result of mining; this paper focuses only on Spring Valley Gulch (CA-BUT-1872/H) placer mining and not on other forms of gold extraction. Spring Valley Gulch is filled with mining sites dating to the A lot has been said about tailings over the past two decades, and 1860s-1870s. -
CODELCO Generated US$ 1.34 Billion in Pre-Tax Earnings During 2019
Corporación Nacional del Cobre de Chile Headquarters Huérfanos 1270 Santiago, Chile www.codelco.com CODELCO generated US$ 1.34 billion in pre-tax earnings during 2019 In the second half of the year, the state-owned copper company got back on track in terms of production and costs, which impacted positively this figure. Santiago, March 27 2020.- In 2019 CODELCO generated US$ 1.34 billion pre-tax earnings, according to its report to the Commission for the Financial Market (Chilean regulator). The copper giant managed to get its production and costs back on track during the second half of the year, achieving a positive impact on its end-of-year financial results. The company’s copper production amounted to 1,588,000 tons, 5.3% lower than the previous year production, due to extreme weather events in Northern Chile, a strike by some unions at Chuquicamata, and operational issues that took place during the first two quarters. Direct costs (C1) were slightly higher than in 2018 (1.8%) due to a drop in production. This was offset by the implementation of a meaningful cost-cutting plan, lower service expenses, renegotiation of critical contracts, low-cost suppliers, and enhanced stock information systems. The net cathode cost was 225 c/lb, 2.8% lower than the previous year. This positive evolution comes from the reduction of non-operating costs (impairments, provisions and other items) and the sale of our minority equity stake in GNL Mejillones, in line with the company’s strategic goal of focusing on its core business: copper production. The results clearly show the efforts that were committed and carried out in the second semester. -
Big Creek Mining Complex
Ah Heng Mining Complex A Malheur National Forest Virtual Tour Introduction: Types of Gold Mining Placer vs. Hard Rock (Quartz, Load) Mining There are several different ways to mine for gold. The following is a brief description of placer and hard rock mining. The remainder of this virtual tour focuses on the placer mining done by the Ah Heng Company at a leased mining claim near Big Creek. Placer Mining- using water to excavate, transport, and recover Hard Rock Mining- the underground excavation of lode deposits. A heavy minerals from alluvial deposits. These deposits consist of lode deposit is the original mineral occurrence within a fissure minerals that have eroded from their parent lode into a variety through native rock, also known as a vein or ledge. In order to access of natural contexts among the sedimentary formations. Placer these minerals, miners must excavate either a decline (ramp), vertical deposits are generally free from parent material and do not shaft, or an adit. These type of claims were a longer term investment require additional refinement when they are separated from because of the additional labor and equipment needed to extract the other sediments. and refine the ore and the need for transportation infrastructure to ship the refined ore to smelting facilities. Placer Mining 2. After gold was discovered through prospecting, more complex equipment and Technology techniques were employed to recover gold buried in the alluvial deposits Rocker – Long Toms a rocking box and Sluice which Boxes- allowed Trough-like recovery of 1. The first step in placer mining is boxes with gold with prospecting for rich gold deposits, usually water small flowing over with shovel, pick and . -
Hydrology and Erosion Impacts of Mining Derived Coastal Sand Dunes, Ch~Aralbay, Chile
This file was created by scanning the printed publication. Errors identified by the software have been corrected; however, some errors may remain. HYDROLOGY AND EROSION IMPACTS OF MINING DERIVED COASTAL SAND DUNES, CH~ARALBAY, CHILE Daniel G. Nearyl, and Pablo Garcia-Chevesich2 Chile has an economy strongly based on the the sand dunes with multiple row tree shelterbelts exploitation of its natural resources. Copper mining next to the town of Chafiaral. This paper examines represents the main export monetary income, the hydrologic processes which formed the sand employing thousands of people all along the country. deposits and the potential remediation program. The Chilean Copper Corporation (CODELCO), El Salvador branch, has been the primary mining STUDY AREA company, but it will be ending most of its activities Copper Mining by 201 1 unless copper prices stay at their record Chile is world's largest copper producer. levels. Besides the job consequences for the local Cuprous porphyry ore bodies that exist along the population, there are some serious environmental Andean Cordillera are responsible for Chile's vast issues that must be solved during the shut-down. mineral reserves. Some of the world's largest Nearly 12 km2 of contaminated sand dunes, opencast mines are located at high altitudes and located in the Bay of Chafiaral, Chile, are the result harsh cold and arid environments along the Andes of mining operations between 1938 and 1975 that Cordillera. During 2004 Chile's copper production released contaminated sediments to the bay. Even reached 5.3 million Mg. Other metallic minerals though the sediment release no longer occurs, the mined and smelted in Chile include gold, silver, coastal winds transport the heavy metals attached to molybdenum, zinc, manganese and iron ore. -
Recent Developments and Perspectives
BMO CAPITAL MARKETS 25th GLOBAL METALS & MINING CONFERENCE CODELCO: RECENT DEVELOPMENTS AND PERSPECTIVES Oscar Landerretche M. Chairman of the Board February 28 - March 2, 2016 CODELCO HIGHLIGHTS 2 Copyrights© 2015 CODELCO-CHILE. Todos los Derechos Reservados. | Copyrights© 2015 by CODELCO-CHILE. All Rights Reserved. 2015 Highlights Safety(P): total global accident frequency and severity rates deceased by 30% and 39%, reaching 0.93* and 140**, respectively. No fatal accident. Copper Own Mine Production: increased by 3.6% in 2015 to 1,732 thousand tons, compared to 2014, especially due to the new production coming from Mina Ministro Hales. Total production achieved a historical record of 1,891 thousand tons. Cost Reduction(P): C1 decreased 7.8% to 138.6 c/lb in 2015 compared to 2014, attributable to lower input prices and the intensification of the control cost program. Financial Performance(P): Adjusted Mining EBITDA Margin reached 41%, despite the 20% drop in the average copper price in 2015 compared to 2014. (S&P A+, Moody’s A1) Financing Program: In addition to the US$2 billion bond issuance in September, Codelco received US$600 million capital injection plus an approval to retain earnings for US$225 million, securing the financing for 2016. Investment Program: During 2015 Codelco reduced its capex program by US$1 billion, without affecting the execution plan for the key projects under construction. (P): All 2015 figures contained in this presentation are preliminary * Lost Time Injuries/ Million Hours worked ** Lost days & days charged / Million Hours worked 3 Copyrights© 2015 CODELCO-CHILE. Todos los Derechos Reservados. | Copyrights© 2015 by CODELCO-CHILE. -
Chile's Mining and Chemicals Industries
Global Outlook Chile’s Mining and Chemicals Industries Luis A. Cisternas With abundant mineral resources, Chile’s Univ. of Antofagasta Edelmira D. Gálvez chemicals industries are dominated by mining, Catholic Univ. of the North with many of its operations among the world’s most productive and important. hile’s chemicals industries consist of 300 companies producer. Chilean mining continues to reach unprecedented and some 400 products, with sales representing 4% levels — not only the mining of copper, but particularly Cof the nation’s gross domestic product (GDP) and of nonmetallic ores. Recent growth has been supported by about 25% of all industrial contributions to the GDP (1). favorable economic policies and incentives for foreign inves- Chile’s major chemical exports include methanol, inorganic tors that were intended to overcome the lack of domestic compounds (nitrates, iodine, lithium products, sodium investment after Chile’s return to democracy in the 1990s. chloride), combustibles (gasoline, diesel, fuel oil), algae Chile’s main metallic and nonmetallic ore deposits are derivatives, and plastic resins (polypropylene, low-density located in the country’s northern regions, which are rich in polyethylene). However, the mining industry — consisting copper, gold, silver, and iron deposits, as well as salt lake of 100 large and medium-sized companies and more than mineral byproducts such as nitrates, boron, iodine, lithium, 1,600 mining operations (2) — dominates Chile’s chemical- and potassium. Chile’s abundance of mineral resources is industry landscape. These companies’ primary products remarkable: Its reserves constitute 6.7% of the world’s gold, include molybdenum, rhenium, iron, lithium, silver, gold, 12.1% of the molybdenum, 13.3% of the silver, 27.7% of the and — most important — copper. -
Mines of El Dorado County
by Doug Noble © 2002 Definitions Of Mining Terms:.........................................3 Burt Valley Mine............................................................13 Adams Gulch Mine........................................................4 Butler Pit........................................................................13 Agara Mine ...................................................................4 Calaveras Mine.............................................................13 Alabaster Cave Mine ....................................................4 Caledonia Mine..............................................................13 Alderson Mine...............................................................4 California-Bangor Slate Company Mine ........................13 Alhambra Mine..............................................................4 California Consolidated (Ibid, Tapioca) Mine.................13 Allen Dredge.................................................................5 California Jack Mine......................................................13 Alveoro Mine.................................................................5 California Slate Quarry .................................................14 Amelia Mine...................................................................5 Camelback (Voss) Mine................................................14 Argonaut Mine ..............................................................5 Carrie Hale Mine............................................................14 Badger Hill Mine -
MAP SHOWING LOCATIONS of MINES and PROSPECTS in the DILLON Lox 2° QUADRANGLE, IDAHO and MONTANA
DEPARTMENT OF THE INTERIOR U.S. GEOLOGICAL SURVEY MAP SHOWING LOCATIONS OF MINES AND PROSPECTS IN THE DILLON lox 2° QUADRANGLE, IDAHO AND MONTANA By JeffreyS. Loen and Robert C. Pearson Pamphlet to accompany Miscellaneous Investigations Series Map I-1803-C Table !.--Recorded and estimated production of base and precious metals in mining districts and areas in the Dillon 1°x2° guadrangle, Idaho and Montana [Production of other commodities are listed in footnotes. All monetary values are given in dollars at time of production. Dashes indicate no information available. Numbers in parentheses are estimates by the authors or by those cited as sources of data in list that follows table 2. <,less than; s.t., short tons] District/area Years Ore Gold Silver Copper Lead Zinc Value Sources name (s. t.) (oz) (oz) (lb) (lb) (lb) (dollars) of data Idaho Carmen Creek 18 70's-190 1 (50,000) 141, 226 district 1902-1980 (unknown) Total (50,000) Eldorado 1870's-1911 17,500 (350 ,000) 123, 226 district 1912-1954 (13,000) (8,000) (300,000) Total (650,000) Eureka district 1880's-1956 (13 ,500) 12,366 (2,680,000) 57,994 (4,000) ( 4,000 ,000) 173 Total (4,000,000) Gibbonsville 1877-1893 (unknown) district 1894-1907 (83,500) (1,670,000) 123, 226 1908-1980 ( <10 ,000) 123 Total (2,000,000) Kirtley Creek 1870's-1890 2,000 40,500 173 district 1890's-1909 (<10,000) 1910-1918 24,300 (500 ,000) 123 1919-1931 (unknown) 1932-1947 2,146 (75 ,000) 173 Total (620,000) McDevitt district 1800's.-1980 (80,000) Total (80,000) North Fork area 1800's-1980 (unknown) Total ( <10 ,000) Pratt Creek 1870's-1900 (50 ,000) district Total (50,000) Sandy Creek 1800 's-1900 (unknown) district 1901-1954 19,613 4,055 4,433 71,359 166,179 (310,000) 17 3, 200 Total (310 ,000) Montana Anaconda Range 1880's-1980 (<100,000) area Total (<100,000) Argenta district 1864-1901 (1 ,500 ,000) 1902-1965 311,796 72,241 562,159 604,135 18,189,939 2,009,366 5,522,962 88 Total (7,000,000) Baldy Mtn.