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OGC-98-5 U.S. Insular Areas: Application of the U.S. Constitution
United States General Accounting Office Report to the Chairman, Committee on GAO Resources, House of Representatives November 1997 U.S. INSULAR AREAS Application of the U.S. Constitution GAO/OGC-98-5 United States General Accounting Office GAO Washington, D.C. 20548 Office of the General Counsel B-271897 November 7, 1997 The Honorable Don Young Chairman Committee on Resources House of Representatives Dear Mr. Chairman: More than 4 million U.S. citizens and nationals live in insular areas1 under the jurisdiction of the United States. The Territorial Clause of the Constitution authorizes the Congress to “make all needful Rules and Regulations respecting the Territory or other Property” of the United States.2 Relying on the Territorial Clause, the Congress has enacted legislation making some provisions of the Constitution explicitly applicable in the insular areas. In addition to this congressional action, courts from time to time have ruled on the application of constitutional provisions to one or more of the insular areas. You asked us to update our 1991 report to you on the applicability of provisions of the Constitution to five insular areas: Puerto Rico, the Virgin Islands, the Commonwealth of the Northern Mariana Islands (the CNMI), American Samoa, and Guam. You asked specifically about significant judicial and legislative developments concerning the political or tax status of these areas, as well as court decisions since our earlier report involving the applicability of constitutional provisions to these areas. We have included this information in appendix I. 1As we did in our 1991 report on this issue, Applicability of Relevant Provisions of the U.S. -
Agroforestry: Enhancing Resiliency in U.S
Southeast and Caribbean Sarah Workman, Becky Barlow, and John Fike Sarah Workman is the associate director of the Highlands Biological Station, University of North Carolina; Becky Barlow is an associate professor, School of Forestry and Wildlife Sciences, Auburn University; John Fike is an associate professor, College of Agriculture and Life Sciences, Virginia Tech. Description of the Region (fig. A.15). All of these land uses provide significant produc- tivity and income. The Southeast encompasses physiographic Cropland and pastureland occupy significant portions of land provinces, or ecoregions (Wear and Greis 2012), that have area in the Southeastern United States. Forests occupy from 50 unique climate, fire history, and composition of vegetation. to 69 percent of the land within each State in the region From the physiographic province of the Appalachian Mountains Figure A.15. Acres of landuse categories of the 11 Southeastern States. (Map and table prepared by William M. Christie, Eastern Forest Environmental Threat Assessment Center, USDA Forest Service, Southern Research Station, Asheville, NC). Agroforestry: Enhancing Resiliency in U.S. Agricultural Landscapes Under Changing Conditions 189 to the alluvial plains of the Mis sissippi River Basin, within land use outside developed zones is perhaps best viewed in deciduous forests of Kentucky and Tennessee and the Interior terms of the nature of woody plant cover and whether animals Highlands of the Ozarks, to the Piedmont, Flatwoods, and are excluded or allowed access. Both Puerto Rico and the U.S. Coastal Plains, a large portion of the land area is appropriate Virgin Islands are experiencing a trend toward an increase in for implementing several types of agroforestry, integrating woody cover with the loss of agricultural land and pastureland either crops or livestock, or both, with trees and woody (Brandeis and Turner 2013a, 2013b; Brandeis et al. -
Download Table 93
National Center for Science and Engineering Statistics | NSF 21-329 TABLE 93 Federal obligations for R&D plant, by state or location and selected agency: FY 2019 (Dollars in thousands) State or location Total DHS DOC DOD DOE DOI DOT EPA HHS NASA NSF USDA All locations 4,329,453.9 1,306.0 464,332.3 609,655.9 2,245,499.5 4,646.5 39,261.0 4,695.0 243,000.0 35,925.4 652,140.0 28,992.4 Alabama 125,340.2 0.0 0.0 122,721.8 0.0 0.0 529.4 0.0 0.0 0.0 2,089.0 0.0 Alaska 6,648.3 0.0 6,287.0 54.9 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 306.4 0.0 Arizona 12,537.1 0.0 0.0 262.3 0.0 0.0 8.8 0.0 5,045.7 0.0 6,445.1 775.2 Arkansas 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 California 676,511.6 0.0 4,062.0 67,315.7 544,473.1 0.0 1,023.7 0.0 0.0 15,377.1 38,278.0 5,982.0 Colorado 365,052.1 0.0 17,195.1 34,880.0 305,460.0 0.0 1,679.6 0.0 0.0 0.0 4,115.1 1,722.2 Connecticut 1,481.4 1,306.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 175.4 0.0 Delaware 9,559.9 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 9,559.9 0.0 District of Columbia 150,500.7 0.0 0.0 37,780.9 23,000.0 0.0 4,937.4 913.6 0.0 0.0 83,755.3 113.5 Florida 33,775.9 0.0 14,211.0 4,742.5 0.0 0.0 5.0 165.6 0.0 8,026.6 5,254.8 1,370.5 Georgia 6,592.6 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 112.3 0.0 0.0 2,681.6 3,798.6 Hawaii 24,289.5 0.0 4,276.0 7,437.1 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 6,478.2 0.0 6,098.2 0.0 Idaho 3,395.0 0.0 0.0 2,590.0 400.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 405.0 0.0 Illinois 471,335.8 0.0 0.0 16,141.5 444,871.6 0.0 104.3 0.0 3,269.5 0.0 6,949.0 0.0 Indiana 8,852.3 0.0 0.0 2,550.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 6,302.3 0.0 Iowa 2,081.8 0.0 0.0 0.0 1,000.0 0.0 -
The United Nations' Political Aversion to the European Microstates
UN-WELCOME: The United Nations’ Political Aversion to the European Microstates -- A Thesis -- Submitted to the University of Michigan, in partial fulfillment for the degree of HONORS BACHELOR OF ARTS Department Of Political Science Stephen R. Snyder MARCH 2010 “Elephants… hate the mouse worst of living creatures, and if they see one merely touch the fodder placed in their stall they refuse it with disgust.” -Pliny the Elder, Naturalis Historia, 77 AD Acknowledgments Though only one name can appear on the author’s line, there are many people whose support and help made this thesis possible and without whom, I would be nowhere. First, I must thank my family. As a child, my mother and father would try to stump me with a difficult math and geography question before tucking me into bed each night (and a few times they succeeded!). Thank you for giving birth to my fascination in all things international. Without you, none of this would have been possible. Second, I must thank a set of distinguished professors. Professor Mika LaVaque-Manty, thank you for giving me a chance to prove myself, even though I was a sophomore and studying abroad did not fit with the traditional path of thesis writers; thank you again for encouraging us all to think outside the box. My adviser, Professor Jenna Bednar, thank you for your enthusiastic interest in my thesis and having the vision to see what needed to be accentuated to pull a strong thesis out from the weeds. Professor Andrei Markovits, thank you for your commitment to your students’ work; I still believe in those words of the Moroccan scholar and will always appreciate your frank advice. -
San Marino Legal E
Study on Homophobia, Transphobia and Discrimination on Grounds of Sexual Orientation and Gender Identity Legal Report: San Marino 1 Disclaimer: This report was drafted by independent experts and is published for information purposes only. Any views or opinions expressed in the report are those of the author and do not represent or engage the Council of Europe or the Office of the Commissioner for Human Rights. 1 This report is based on Dr Maria Gabriella Francioni, The legal and social situation concerning homophobia and discrimination on the grounds of sexual orientation in the Republic of San Marino , University of the Republic of San Marino, Juridical Studies Department, 2010. The latter report is attached to this report. Table of Contents A. EXECUTIVE SUMMARY 3 B. FINDINGS 3 B.1. Overall legal framework 3 B.2. Freedom of Assembly, Association and Expression 10 B.3. Hate crime - hate speech 10 B.4. Family issues 13 B.5. Asylum and subsidiary protection 16 B.6. Education 17 B.7. Employment 18 B.8. Health 20 B.9. Housing and Access to goods and services 21 B.10. Media 22 B.11. Transgender issues 23 Annex 1: List of relevant national laws 27 Annex 2: Report of Dr Maria Gabriella Francioni, The legal and social situation concerning homophobia and discrimination on the grounds of sexual orientation in the Republic of San Marino, University of the Republic of San Marino, Juridical Studies Department, 2010 31 A. Executive Summary 1. The Statutes "Leges Statuae Reipublicae Sancti Marini" that came into force in 1600 and the Laws that reform such Statutes represented the written source for excellence of the Sammarinese legal system. -
WBF Wroclaw 2016 Schedule Open
1st Round TbleIMP VP Qualification Korea Finland Group A Japan South Africa Pakistan Turkey China San Marino The Netherlands Egypt Norway Australia Jordan Mexico Brazil Sweden Spain England 2nd Round 3rd Round TbleIMP VP TbleIMP VP South Africa Korea Korea Turkey Turkey Japan Japan San Marino San Marino Pakistan Pakistan Egypt Egypt China China Australia Australia The Netherlands The Netherlands Mexico Mexico Norway Norway Sweden Sweden Jordan Jordan England England Brazil Brazil Spain Finland Spain South Africa Finland 3 4th Round 5th Round TbleIMP VP TbleIMP VP San Marino Korea Korea Egypt Egypt Japan Japan Australia Australia Pakistan Pakistan Mexico Mexico China China Sweden Sweden The Netherlands The Netherlands England England Norway Norway Spain Spain Jordan Jordan Brazil Finland Brazil San Marino South Africa South Africa Turkey Turkey Finland 6th Round 7th Round TbleIMP VP TbleIMP VP Australia Korea Korea Mexico Mexico Japan Japan Sweden Sweden Pakistan Pakistan England England China China Spain Spain The Netherlands The Netherlands Brazil Brazil Norway Norway Jordan Finland Jordan Australia South Africa South Africa Egypt Egypt Turkey Turkey San Marino San Marino Finland 4 8th Round 9th Round TbleIMP VP TbleIMP VP Sweden Korea Korea England England Japan Japan Spain Spain Pakistan Pakistan Brazil Brazil China China Jordan Jordan The Netherlands The Netherlands Norway Finland Norway Sweden South Africa South Africa Mexico Mexico Turkey Turkey Australia Australia San Marino San Marino Egypt Egypt Finland 10th Round 11th Round -
ISO Country Codes
COUNTRY SHORT NAME DESCRIPTION CODE AD Andorra Principality of Andorra AE United Arab Emirates United Arab Emirates AF Afghanistan The Transitional Islamic State of Afghanistan AG Antigua and Barbuda Antigua and Barbuda (includes Redonda Island) AI Anguilla Anguilla AL Albania Republic of Albania AM Armenia Republic of Armenia Netherlands Antilles (includes Bonaire, Curacao, AN Netherlands Antilles Saba, St. Eustatius, and Southern St. Martin) AO Angola Republic of Angola (includes Cabinda) AQ Antarctica Territory south of 60 degrees south latitude AR Argentina Argentine Republic America Samoa (principal island Tutuila and AS American Samoa includes Swain's Island) AT Austria Republic of Austria Australia (includes Lord Howe Island, Macquarie Islands, Ashmore Islands and Cartier Island, and Coral Sea Islands are Australian external AU Australia territories) AW Aruba Aruba AX Aland Islands Aland Islands AZ Azerbaijan Republic of Azerbaijan BA Bosnia and Herzegovina Bosnia and Herzegovina BB Barbados Barbados BD Bangladesh People's Republic of Bangladesh BE Belgium Kingdom of Belgium BF Burkina Faso Burkina Faso BG Bulgaria Republic of Bulgaria BH Bahrain Kingdom of Bahrain BI Burundi Republic of Burundi BJ Benin Republic of Benin BL Saint Barthelemy Saint Barthelemy BM Bermuda Bermuda BN Brunei Darussalam Brunei Darussalam BO Bolivia Republic of Bolivia Federative Republic of Brazil (includes Fernando de Noronha Island, Martim Vaz Islands, and BR Brazil Trindade Island) BS Bahamas Commonwealth of the Bahamas BT Bhutan Kingdom of Bhutan -
Guam Demographic Profile Summary File: Technical Documentation U.S
Guam Demographic Profile Summary File Issued March 2014 2010 Census of Population and Housing DPSFGU/10-3 (RV) Technical Documentation U.S. Department of Commerce Economics and Statistics Administration U.S. CENSUS BUREAU For additional information concerning the files, contact the Customer Liaison and Marketing Services Office, Customer Services Center, U.S. Census Bureau, Washington, DC 20233, or phone 301-763-INFO (4636). For additional information concerning the technical documentation, contact the Administrative and Customer Services Division, Electronic Products Development Branch, U.S. Census Bureau, Wash- ington, DC 20233, or phone 301-763-8004. Guam Demographic Profile Summary File Issued March 2014 2010 Census of Population and Housing DPSFGU/10-3 (RV) Technical Documentation U.S. Department of Commerce Penny Pritzker, Secretary Vacant, Deputy Secretary Economics and Statistics Administration Mark Doms, Under Secretary for Economic Affairs U.S. CENSUS BUREAU John H. Thompson, Director SUGGESTED CITATION 2010 Census of Population and Housing, Guam Demographic Profile Summary File: Technical Documentation U.S. Census Bureau, 2014 (RV). ECONOMICS AND STATISTICS ADMINISTRATION Economics and Statistics Administration Mark Doms, Under Secretary for Economic Affairs U.S. CENSUS BUREAU John H. Thompson, Director Nancy A. Potok, Deputy Director and Chief Operating Officer Frank A. Vitrano, Acting Associate Director for Decennial Census Enrique J. Lamas, Associate Director for Demographic Programs William W. Hatcher, Jr., Associate Director for Field Operations CONTENTS CHAPTERS 1. Abstract ............................................... 1-1 2. How to Use This Product ................................... 2-1 3. Subject Locator .......................................... 3-1 4. Summary Level Sequence Chart .............................. 4-1 5. List of Tables (Matrices) .................................... 5-1 6. Data Dictionary .......................................... 6-1 7. -
Navassa National Wildlife Refuge
U.S. Fish & Wildlife Service Navassa National Wildlife Refuge Photos (top to bottom): Refuge Objectives Navassa National Wildlife Refuge. ■ To preserve and protect coral reef ecosystems and the marine Navassa Lighthouse. environment. Red-footed Booby. ■ To restore and enhance native Endemic Navassa Anole. wildlife and plants. Refuge Facts ■ To provide opportunities for Discovered by Columbus in 1498 scientific research. and then rediscovered in the 1856 Management Tools photo: USFWS photo: Guano Rush. The guano deposits were ■ Wildlife monitoring. worked until the company failed in 1898. Navassa became an increased ■ Scientific research. hazard to shipping with the building of the Panama Canal. Consequently, ■ Coral reef monitoring. the U.S. Coast Guard built a 162 foot ■ Vegetation monitoring. lighthouse in 1917. In December 1999, jurisdiction was transferred to Questions and Answers the U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service Is the refuge open to public? (Service) to be managed as a National No. The refuge is closed to the public. Wildlife Refuge (NWR) for the Access is extremely hazardous. There purpose of protecting the unique are no beaches on Navassa. The island ecosystem of Navassa Island, the rises abruptly from the sea with cliffs photo: C. Lombard photo: adjacent coral reefs and marine reaching heights of 20 meters or waters. more. ■ Acres: The Island covers 1,344. What type of research has been The refuge includes a 12 nautical conducted at Navassa? mile radius of marine habitat. Since the refuge’s establishment, investigations and inventories have ■ Location: Navassa Island is located been conducted by personnel from 35 miles west of the Tiburon the Service, NOAA, Smithsonian, Peninsula of Haiti. -
An Analysis of Five European Microstates
Geoforum, Vol. 6, pp. 187-204, 1975. Pergamon Press Ltd. Printed in Great Britain The Plight of the Lilliputians: an Analysis of Five European Microstates Honor6 M. CATUDAL, Jr., Collegeville, Minn.” Summary: The mini- or microstate is an important but little studied phenomenon in political geography. This article seeks to redress the balance and give these entities some of the attention they deserve. In general, five microstates are examined; all are located in Western Europe-Andorra, Liechtenstein, Monaco, San Marino and the Vatican. The degree to which each is autonomous in its internal affairs is thoroughly explored. And the extent to which each has control over its external relations is investigated. Disadvantages stemming from its small size strike at the heart of the ministate problem. And they have forced these nations to adopt practices which should be of use to large states. Zusammenfassung: Dem Zwergstaat hat die politische Geographie wenig Beachtung geschenkt. Urn diese Liicke zu verengen, werden hier fiinf Zwergstaaten im westlichen Europa untersucht: Andorra, Liechtenstein, Monaco, San Marino und der Vatikan. Das Ma13der inneren und lul3eren Autonomie wird griindlich untersucht. Die Kleinheit hat die Zwargstaaten zu Anpassungsformen gezwungen, die such fiir groRe Staaten van Bedeutung sein k8nnten. R&sum& Les Etats nains n’ont g&e fait I’objet d’Btudes de geographic politique. Afin de combler cette lacune, cinq mini-Etats sent examines ici; il s’agit de I’Andorre, du Liechtenstein, de Monaco, de Saint-Marin et du Vatican. Dans quelle mesure ces Etats disposent-ils de l’autonomie interne at ont-ils le contrble de leurs relations extirieures. -
ESC15 Points from Juries
Sven Zemanek (hszemi.de) underCC-BY-SA Points from Juries 10 12 4 8 6 0 2 Czech Republic Malta Australia Lithuania Montenegro Sweden Iceland Poland Cyprus Azerbaijan Portugal Slovenia Germany Ireland Israel Italy Latvia Norway San Marino Switzerland United Kingdom Sven Zemanek (hszemi.de) underCC-BY-SA Points from Juries 10 12 4 8 6 0 2 Italy Israel Australia Ireland Norway Slovenia United Kingdom Germany Latvia Cyprus Poland Iceland Lithuania Sweden Czech Republic San Marino Switzerland Azerbaijan Malta Montenegro Portugal Sven Zemanek (hszemi.de) underCC-BY-SA Points from Juries 10 12 4 8 6 0 2 Poland Israel Germany Ireland San Marino United Kingdom Portugal Sweden Czech Republic Montenegro Australia Azerbaijan Cyprus Iceland Italy Latvia Lithuania Malta Norway Slovenia Switzerland Sven Zemanek (hszemi.de) underCC-BY-SA Points from Juries 10 12 4 8 6 0 2 Azerbaijan Switzerland Ireland Poland Lithuania Portugal Australia Cyprus Czech Republic Iceland Germany Israel Italy Latvia Malta Montenegro Norway San Marino Slovenia Sweden United Kingdom Sven Zemanek (hszemi.de) underCC-BY-SA Points from Juries 10 12 4 8 6 0 2 Latvia United Kingdom Czech Republic Sweden Germany Cyprus Australia San Marino Switzerland Ireland Lithuania Slovenia Norway Azerbaijan Iceland Italy Montenegro Poland Israel Malta Portugal Sven Zemanek (hszemi.de) underCC-BY-SA Points from Juries 10 12 4 8 6 0 2 United Kingdom Poland Azerbaijan Ireland Italy Norway Portugal Cyprus Iceland Israel Malta Germany San Marino Sweden Australia Montenegro Lithuania Slovenia Switzerland -
Treaty of Lausanne: the Tool of Minority Protection for the Cham Albanians of Greece
PEOPLE: International Journal of Social Sciences ISSN 2454-5899 Gözübenli & Çavuşoğlu, 2018 Volume 4 Issue 3, pp.474-481 Date of Publication: 23rd November 2018 DOI-https://dx.doi.org/10.20319/pijss.2018.43.474481 This paper can be cited as: Gözübenli, A. S. & Çavuşoğlu, H. (2018). Treaty of Lausanne: The Tool of Minority Protection for the Cham Albanians of Greece. PEOPLE: International Journal of Social Sciences, 4(3), 474-481. This work is licensed under the Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial 4.0 International License. To view a copy of this license, visit http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/4.0/ or send a letter to Creative Commons, PO Box 1866, Mountain View, CA 94042, USA. TREATY OF LAUSANNE: THE TOOL OF MINORITY PROTECTION FOR THE CHAM ALBANIANS OF GREECE Abdullah Sencer Gözübenli, MA Mother Teresa University, Skopje, Republic of Macedonia [email protected] Halim Çavuşoğlu, Ph.D Hacettepe University, Ankara, Turkey [email protected] Abstract Cham Albanians, a predominantly Muslim sub-group of Albanians who originally reside in the coastal region of Southern Epirus in Greece’s border region with Albania, had been expelled from Greece twice.As the majority of Cham Albanians were Muslim, they were treated with the same contempt as ethnic Turks living in Greece. According to official data, 3.000 of them were transferred to Turkey as part of the Greek-Turkish population exchange according to the Convention Concerning the Exchange of Greek and Turkish Populations signed at Lausanne on 30 January 1923. Articles 37 to 44 of the Lausanne Peace Treaty attribute substantive rights for exempted Muslims in Greece and non-Muslims in Turkey from the Greek-Turkish population exchange and 17,008 of them wereexempted from the exchange.