Nazism and German Society 1933-‐1945

Total Page:16

File Type:pdf, Size:1020Kb

Nazism and German Society 1933-‐1945 DALHOUSIE UNIVERSITY Department of History Fall 2013 Nazism and German Society 1933-1945 [ HIST 4501: TOPICS IN MODERN HISTORY ] W, 9:35am-12:25pm LSC-Psych P4208 J. Bingham Office Hours: Department of History T 1:00-2:30 McCain 3173 W 1:30-3:00 Phone: 494-3641 [email protected] COURSE TEXTS 1. The following required textbook is available for purchase at Dalhousie University Bookstore. · Robert Gellately, Backing Hitler: Consent and Coercion in Nazi Germany ($36.84) ***PLEASE NOTE: Also available as an online e-book from Killam Library!! 2. The following required text is available for purchase online: · Ian Kershaw, The Hitler Myth: Image and Reality in the Third Reich (amazon.ca: $16.62) 3. The following recommend text is available for purchase online: · Ian Kershaw, The Nazi Dictatorship: Problems and Perspectives of Interpretation (3rd or 4th eds. only, 1993/2000: US$ 23.30 – US Amazon.com = best price) Bibliographic aids and recommended titles are listed below. CLASS FORMAT This course is taught mainly through seminar discussion. It is critical that students keep firmly in mind that participation in seminar is a fundamental part of satisfactory performance in the course. Lively discussion, friendly and collegial argument, and a spirit of collective scholarly enterprise ensure that the seminar will be most rewarding for everyone. (In other words, you get out of it what you put in). All students are therefore expected to contribute equally to seminar discussions. Doing the required reading is a basic part of understanding the subject matter. Students are expected to complete all assigned readings before the seminar meets. Doing the readings ahead of time and being present for class is thus absolutely essential to satisfactory performance. NOTE : Repeated absence from class without a satisfactory reason may lead to removal from the course. GRADING / ASSIGNMENTS Assignments are to be submitted to me by email no later than 3:30 p.m. on the due date, as *.pdf or *.doc attachments. § Research Essay (approx. 25 pages) 45% [ DRAFT OPTION First Draft Due: 6 Nov 30% ] } Final Draft Due: 20 Nov 15% ] [ NO DRAFT OPTION Final Draft Due: 20 Nov 45% ] § Research Presentations - in class—27 Nov 20% § Participation/ Attendance 35% ESSAYS, EXTENSIONS, ETHOS Format guidelines and research help are available online at the History Department’s “Style Guide.” Click on the link for “Current Students” at history.dal.ca. A hard copy is available free in the History Department, 1158 McCain. Please note!! Although essays may research a wide Variety of topics, you must okay your topic with me before you begin research and writing. Your essay will not be accepted if the topic has not been pre-approved. Keep in mind that library resources are limited, and usage of books can be extremely heavy, depending on subject matter and availability. Students are advised to begin formulating an essay topic early and, once the topic is approved, to begin research immediately. If you wait until the last minute, you may not be able to get the materials you need. Lack of research materials will not be accepted as an excuse for late submission of essays. If you have questions or need assistance with your topic or research materials, please ask me. Good places to start are in materials on reserve in the Killam Library, under the course listing for HIST 4501 (follow the menus). Remember that books and articles not immediately available at Killam can be ordered free from other university libraries in the area via Novanet Express; delivery is usually within 48 hours. Essays are to be typed or word-processed. Please double-space, number your pages, and leave 1-inch margins. Any paper that does not conform to all of these basic guidelines will be docked 10 percentage points automatically. In addition to content and analysis, history essays are assessed on structure, clarity of writing and proper grammar. In order to be fair to all students, extensions are given only for certified medical or humanitarian reasons. It is each student's responsibility to ensure that essays reach me by the deadline. Assignments will be accepted up to two weeks late; however, a penalty of three percentage points will incur for each working day after the due date. ACADEMIC INTEGRITY All students in this class are to read and understand the policies on academic integrity and plagiarism referenced in the Policies and Student Resources sections of the academicintegrity.dal.ca website. Ignorance of such policies is no excuse for violations. Any paper submitted by a student at Dalhousie University may be checked for originality to confirm that the student has not plagiarized from other sources. Plagiarism is considered a serious academic offence that may lead to loss of credit, suspension or expulsion from the University, or even to the revocation of a degree. It is essential that there be correct attribution of authorities from which facts and opinions have been derived. At Dalhousie there are University Regulations which deal with plagiarism and, prior to submitting any paper in a course, students should read the Policy on Intellectual Honesty contained in the Calendar or on the Online Dalhousie website. The Senate has affirmed the right of any instructor to require that student papers be submitted in both written and computer-readable format, and to submit any paper to be checked electronically for originality. As a student in this class, you are to keep an electronic copy of any paper you submit, and the course instructor may require you to submit that electronic copy on demand. As a student in this class, you are to • make electronic copies of different drafts as you write (“SaVe As” function - Draft1, Draft2, etc.) • submit an electronic copy of your paper/assignment via email attachment • keep an electronic copy of any paper your submit • keep all your research notes until you haVe receiVed a final grade for the course You may be required to submit at any time one or all of your writing drafts, as well as your research notes. If you have questions, please ask. Dalhousie offers extensive resources to help students understand and avoid plagiarism < http://www.dal.ca/dept/university_secretariat/academic- integrity.html>. OFFICE OF STUDENT ACCESSIBILITY & ACCOMMODATION Students may request accommodation as a result of barriers related to disability, religious obligation, or any characteristic under the Nova Scotia Human Rights Act. Students who require academic accommodation for either classroom participation or the writing of tests and exams should make their request to the Advising and Access Services Center (AASC) prior to or at the outset of the regular academic year. Please visit www.dal.ca/access for more information and to obtain the Request for Accommodation – Form A. A note taker may be required as part of a student’s accommodation. There is an honorarium of $75/course/term (with some exceptions). If you are interested, please contact AASC at 494- 2836 for more information. Please note that your classroom may contain specialized accessible furniture and equipment. It is important that these items remain in the classroom, untouched, so that students who require their usage will be able to participate in the class. SCHEDULE OF READINGS AND ASSIGNMENTS √ = Required reading KLR = On Reserve in Killam Library “Noakes & Pridham” = J. Noakes and G. Pridham, eds., Nazism 1919-1945: A Documentary Reader (4 vols) WEEK 1 Sep. 11 Introductions / The Historical Problems of Nazism and the Third Reich WEEK 2 Sep. 18 Overview: The Third Reich I √ Kershaw: Hitler Myth: ch. 2 √ Gellately: Backing Hitler: chs. 1-3 WEEK 3 Sep. 25 Overview: The Third Reich II √ Kershaw: Hitler Myth: chs. 3-5 WEEK 4 Oct. 2 Power in the Third Reich √ KLR Noakes & Pridham, chs. 6-10. √ Ian Kershaw, “‘Working Towards the Führer’: Reflections on the Nature of the Hitler Dictatorship,” Contemporary European History 2 (1993): 103-18. ADDITIONAL Christopher Browning, “Beyond ‘Intentionalism’ and ‘Functionalism’: The Decision for the Final Solution Reconsidered,” in Browning, The Path to Genocide, 86-121. KLR Ian Kershaw, “Hitler: “Master in the Third Reich” or “Weak Dictator?” in Kershaw, The Nazi Dictatorship: Problems and Perspectives of Interpretation (3rd or 4th eds. ONLY). William Carr, Hitler: A Study in Personality and Politics, chap. 2. Joachim Fest, The Face of the Third Reich WEEK 5 Oct. 9 The Nazi Economy √ KLR Noakes & Pridham, vol. 2, chs. 11, 13, 16 √ Articles by Richard Overy,Tim Mason and David Kaiser in Past & Present, issues 116 (1987): 138-68. - and 122 (1989): 200-40. E-JOURNAL ADDITIONAL Richard Overy, The Nazi Economic Recovery, 1932-1938 Dan P. Silverman, Hitler’s Economy: Nazi Work Creation Programs, 1933-1936 Peter Hayes, Industry and Ideology: IG Farben in the Nazi Era J. Adam Tooze, The Wages of Destruction: The Making and Breaking of the Nazi Economy, chs. 7-8 Götz Aly, Hitler’s Beneficiaries: Plunder, Racial War, and the Nazi Welfare State WEEK 6 Oct. 16 Everyday Life in Hitler’s Germany Terror, Conformity, Resistance √ KLR Noakes & Pridham, vol. 2, chs. 17 and 24 √ EBOOK K.M. Mallmann and G. Paul, “Omniscient, Omnipotent, Omnipresent? Gestapo, Society and Resistance,” in Nazism and German Society, 1933-1945, ed. David F. Crews, 166-96 [Killam E-book] ADDITIONAL Bernt Engelmann, In Hitler’s Germany: Everyday Life in the Third Reich Peter Fritzsche, Life and Death in the Third Reich (Killam e-book) Mark Roseman, A Past in Hiding: Memory and Survival in Nazi Germany Viktor Klemperer, I Will Bear Witness (2 vols.) Alison Owings, Frauen: German Women Recall the Third Reich Nicholas Stargardt, Witnesses of War: Children’s Lives under the Nazis Eric Johnson, What We KneW: Terror, Mass Murder and Everyday Life in Nazi Germany Noel Cary, “Antisemitism, Everyday Life, and the Devastation of Public Morals in Nazi Germany,” Central European History 35 (2002): 551-589.
Recommended publications
  • The Pillars of American Grand Strategy in World War II by Tami Davis Biddle
    Leveraging Strength: The Pillars of American Grand Strategy in World War II by Tami Davis Biddle Tami Davis Biddle is the Hoyt S. Vandenberg Chair of Aerospace Studies at the U.S. Army War College in Carlisle, PA. She is the author of Rhetoric and Reality in Air Warfare: The Evolution of British and American Thinking about Strategic Bombing, 1914–1945, and is at work on a new book titled, Taking Command: The United States at War, 1944–1945. This article is based on a lecture she delivered in March 2010 in The Hertog Program on Grand Strategy, jointly sponsored by Temple University’s Center for Force and Diplomacy, and FPRI. Abstract: This article argues that U.S. leaders navigated their way through World War II challenges in several important ways. These included: sustaining a functional civil-military relationship; mobilizing inside a democratic, capitalist paradigm; leveraging the moral high ground ceded to them by their enemies; cultivating their ongoing relationship with the British, and embra- cing a kind of adaptability and resiliency that facilitated their ability to learn from mistakes and take advantage of their enemies’ mistakes. ooking back on their World War II experience from the vantage point of the twenty-first century, Americans are struck, first of all, by the speed L with which everything was accomplished: armies were raised, fleets of planes and ships were built, setbacks were overcome, and great victories were won—all in a mere 45 months. Between December 1941 and August 1945, Americans faced extraordinary challenges and accepted responsibilities they had previously eschewed.
    [Show full text]
  • The Futures of Global History
    Richard Drayton and David Motadel Discussion: the futures of global history Article (Accepted version) (Refereed) Original citation: Drayton, Richard and Motadel, David (2018) Discussion: the futures of global history. Journal of Global History, 13 (1). pp. 1-21. ISSN 1740-0228 DOI: 10.1017/S1740022817000262 © 2018 Cambridge University Press This version available at: http://eprints.lse.ac.uk/86797/ Available in LSE Research Online: February 2018 LSE has developed LSE Research Online so that users may access research output of the School. Copyright © and Moral Rights for the papers on this site are retained by the individual authors and/or other copyright owners. Users may download and/or print one copy of any article(s) in LSE Research Online to facilitate their private study or for non-commercial research. You may not engage in further distribution of the material or use it for any profit-making activities or any commercial gain. You may freely distribute the URL (http://eprints.lse.ac.uk) of the LSE Research Online website. This document is the author’s final accepted version of the journal article. There may be differences between this version and the published version. You are advised to consult the publisher’s version if you wish to cite from it. The Futures of Global History Richard Drayton and David Motadel ‘If you believe you are a citizen of the world, you are citizen of nowhere’, declared Theresa May in autumn 2016 to the Tory party conference, questioning the patriotism of those who still dared to question Brexit. Within a month, ‘Make America Great Again’ triumphed in the polls in the United States.
    [Show full text]
  • Michaelmas Sept 2018 Newsletter
    POLIS alumni - September 2018 Dear POLIS alumnus/na, Welcome to the latest edition of your POLIS alumni newsletter. Thank you, as always, for your feedback from the previous edition. We love to hear your news so, if you would like to get in touch, please email us. You can connect with POLIS via our website, on Twitter, Tumblr or Instagram. For our video content, head over to YouTube. Yours, Andy Cuthbert, Alumni Relations Co-ordinator Prof David Runciman elected to British Academy Fellowship Prof David Runciman of POLIS is one of six Cambridge academics that have been elected Fellows of the prestigious British Academy for the humanities and social sciences. This body is a community of over 1400 of the leading minds that make up the UK’s national academy for the humanities and social sciences. Current Fellows include the classicist Dame Mary Beard, the historian Sir Simon Schama and philosopher Baroness Onora O’Neill, while previous Fellows include Sir Winston Churchill, C.S Lewis, Seamus Heaney and Beatrice Webb. Prof Runciman has been recognised for his work on the history of political thought (from Hobbes through to late nineteenth and twentieth century political thought); theories of the state and political representation; and contemporary politics and political theory. For more information on the Cambridge electees, please see below! Read more Winner of the Lisa Smirl Prize 2017-18 Announced POLIS would like to offer their sincerest congratulations to former PhD student José Ciro Martinez who has won the 2017- 18 Lisa Smirl Prize. His thesis entitled, ‘The Politics of Bread: State Power, Food Subsidies and Neoliberalization in Hashemite Jordan’, was described by the judges as 'a highly innovative study of welfare politics in Jordan, presenting the Jordanian state as engaged in a process of demonstrating its authority through the distribution of flour, the regulation of bread prices and the indirect management of the bakery'.
    [Show full text]
  • History 80020 – Literature Survey – European History Tuesdays, 6:30-8
    History 80020 – Literature Survey – European History Tuesdays, 6:30-8:30pm (classroom TBA) Professor Steven Remy ([email protected]) Weekly office hour: Tuesdays 5-6 (room TBA) This course has two purposes: (1) to introduce you to recent scholarship on the major events, themes, and historiographical debates in European history from the Enlightenment to the present; and (2) to prepare you to take the written exam in this field. Each week you will read - and come to class prepared to summarize and discuss - a different title. The titles are assigned below. Each student will write a 700-900 word summary of the book s/he has been assigned and bring a paper copy for me and for each of his/her classmates. I will determine your final course grade as follows: 60% book summaries and 40% in class discussions. Written book summary and class participation requirements are found at the end of the syllabus. A word about the titles I’ve selected: I have selected high-quality scholarship reflecting the temper and direction of current research on and methodological approaches to modern European history. I have also emphasized literature that situates European developments in global contexts. An expanded list of titles for further reading is attached to the syllabus. In addition to keeping up with scholarly journals in your area of interest, I encourage you to stay current by tracking reviews and debates in the following publications: Journal of Modern History, The New York Review of Books, the Times Literary Supplement, the London Review of Books, aldaily.com, H-Net reviews, The Nation, Jewish Review of Books, and Chronicle of Higher Education book reviews.
    [Show full text]
  • The German Rocket Jet and the Nuclear Programs of World War II Max Lutze Union College - Schenectady, NY
    Union College Union | Digital Works Honors Theses Student Work 6-2016 The German Rocket Jet and the Nuclear Programs of World War II Max Lutze Union College - Schenectady, NY Follow this and additional works at: https://digitalworks.union.edu/theses Part of the European History Commons, German Language and Literature Commons, History of Science, Technology, and Medicine Commons, Military History Commons, and the Military, War, and Peace Commons Recommended Citation Lutze, Max, "The German Rocket Jet and the Nuclear Programs of World War II" (2016). Honors Theses. 179. https://digitalworks.union.edu/theses/179 This Open Access is brought to you for free and open access by the Student Work at Union | Digital Works. It has been accepted for inclusion in Honors Theses by an authorized administrator of Union | Digital Works. For more information, please contact [email protected]. The German Rocket, Jet, and Nuclear Programs of World War II By Max Lutze * * * * * * * * * Submitted in partial fulfillment of the requirements for Honors in the Department of History UNION COLLEGE March, 2016 2 Abstract German military technology in World War II was among the best of the major warring powers and in many cases it was the groundwork for postwar innovations that permanently changed global warfare. Three of the most important projects undertaken, which were not only German initiatives and therefore perhaps among the most valuable programs for both the major Axis and Allied nations, include the rocket, jet, and nuclear programs. In Germany, each of these technologies was given different levels of attention and met with varying degrees of success in their development and application.
    [Show full text]
  • Hitler's Grotesque Economics
    Hitler’s grotesque economics Tooze describes Speer as a power Sinclair Davidson reviews hungry man who inflated his own abili- The Wages of Destruction: ties and expanded his bureaucratic em- pire. Ultimately Speer is portrayed as a The Making and Breaking self-serving bureaucrat and a spin-doctor. of the Nazi Economy It is difficult to know what to make of by Adam Tooze Tooze’s portrayal of Speer. Being a spin- (Allen Lane, 2007, 799 pages) doctor is not a crime against humanity. Speer may have been morally complicit in many of the crimes of Nazi Germany, n the acclaimed television series but Tooze’s new evidence is not enough Band of Brothers the Webster char- to doubt the judgement at Nuremberg— acter abuses a column of German I which chose to merely imprison, rather prisoners of war, ‘Say hello to Ford, and than execute, Speer. General fuckin’ Motors. You stupid fas- murder millions and millions of people. Ultimately Germany lost the war be- cist pigs. Look at you. You have horses. The Holocaust was not simply a case of cause they could not match the resources What were you thinking?’ In The Wages murdering a hated minority; it was the of the Americans, British, and Soviet of Destruction: The Making and Breaking starting point of a planned mass murder economies. Had the Allies done more to of the Nazi Economy, a recent and contro- on a far greater scale. destroy the German economy, the war versial book Adam Tooze, senior lecturer The war had caused substantial eco- could have ended earlier—more bomb- in economic history at Cambridge, sets nomic problems in Europe.
    [Show full text]
  • The Combined Bomber Offensive's Destruction Of
    Feature The Combined Bomber Offensive’s Destruction of Germany’s Refined-Fuels Industry Lt Col Woody W. Parramore, USAF, Retired In May 1944 after the initial Eighth Air Force raid on Germany’s synthetic oil plant, Albert Speer recalled telling Adolf Hitler that “the enemy has struck us at one of our weakest points. If they persist at it this time, we will soon no longer have any fuel production worth mentioning. Our one hope is that the other side has an air force General Staff as scatterbrained as ours!” After two months of persistent bombing attacks against the oil industry, Speer explained once again to Hitler that “it would be pointless to have tanks if we could not produce enough fuel.” —Albert Speer, Inside the Third Reich: Memoirs evisionist historians have advanced the idea that the collapse of Germany’s refined-fuels industry during World War Two re- R sulted from Allied ground forces capturing the natural re- March–April 2012 Air & Space Power Journal | 72 Feature Parramore Destruction of Germany’s Refined-Fuels Industry sources needed for refined-fuel products as opposed to the Combined Bomber Offensive’s (CBO) air attacks. An examination of the facts should enable Airmen to properly assess the CBO’s effectiveness against the German oil industry and enable them to appreciate the joint nature of the fight to defeat Germany. The initial, though controversial, history that addresses this matter— the United States Strategic Bombing Survey (USSBS)—concluded that air attacks caused the oil industry’s demise and “heavily contributed
    [Show full text]
  • Simon Payaslian Authors New History of Armenia
    January 2008 Simon Payaslian authors new history of Armenia In December Palgrave Macmillan published Professor Simon Payaslian’s The History of Armenia. In his Preface, the author presents the volume as a survey of the history of Armenia from antiquity to the pres- ent, with a focus on four major themes: East-West geopolitical competi- tions, Armenian culture (e.g., language and religion), political leader- ship (e.g., nakharars or the nobility, intellectuals and party leaders), and the struggle for national survival. It places Armenian history within the broader context of secularization, modernization, and globalization. We are pleased to reprint a section from a chapter on “Independ- ence and Democracy: The Second Republic”: rmenians worldwide greeted the independence regained by the Republic of Armenia with great fanfare and jubilation. ASeven decades of Soviet hegemonic rule had come to an end, and Armenian expectations and imaginations soared high. National sovereignty strengthened national pride, and Armenians once more considered themselves as belonging to the community of nation-states. And the Republic of Armenia had much to be proud of, for it had built a modern country, even if under the shadow of the Stalinist legacy. Clearly the newly independent republic in 1991 appeared infinitesimally different from the soci- ety that had fallen to the Bolsheviks in 1921. Soon after inde- pendence, however, it became apparent that domestic sys- temic deficiencies would not permit the immediate introduc- tion of political and economic policies predicated on princi- ples of democratization and liberalization. The obsolete institutions, bureaucratic customs, and the political culture as developed under the Communist Party hindered the transition from the centrally planned system to a more decentralized, democratic polity.
    [Show full text]
  • Communism, Fascism and Democracy, 1914-1945 (Module HISU9B5): | University of Stirling
    09/25/21 HISU9B5 : Interwar Europe - Communism, Fascism and Democracy, 1914-1945 (Module HISU9B5): | University of Stirling HISU9B5 : Interwar Europe - Communism, View Online Fascism and Democracy, 1914-1945 (Module HISU9B5): Diego Palacios Cerezales 190 items Links not working? Contact your librarian (1 items) If any links do not work please contact the Subject Librarians Let us know which resource is not working and which list it is on. Thanks General reading: (55 items) Europe, 1900-1945 - Julian Jackson, c2002 Book | Recommended Europe, 1900-1945 - Julian Jackson, c2002 Book | Recommended Dark continent: Europe's twentieth century - Mark Mazower, 2000 Book | Recommended The lights that failed: European international history, 1919-1933 - Zara Steiner, 2005 Book | Recommended The lights that failed: European international history, 1919-1933 - Zara Steiner, ebrary, Inc , 2005 Book | Recommended The deluge: the Great War and the remaking of global order 1916-1931 - J. Adam Tooze, 2014 Book | Recommended To hell and back: Europe, 1914-1949 - Ian Kershaw, 2015 Book | Recommended The Oxford handbook of European history, 1914-1945 - 2016 Book | Recommended 1/15 09/25/21 HISU9B5 : Interwar Europe - Communism, Fascism and Democracy, 1914-1945 (Module HISU9B5): | University of Stirling The European dictatorships: 1918-1945 - Stephen J. Lee, 2016 Book | Recommended Maps and timelines: (2 items) The Penguin Atlas of World History Volume 2: from the French Revolution to the present - Werner Hilgemann, 2003 Book | Suggested for Student Purchase ‘Europe and Nations 1918-1942’ - No date Webpage | Recommended | Those maps cover visually the major map changes and are a useful study aid. You should login to get access to the full collection of maps.
    [Show full text]
  • Historians in Recent Years Have Increasingly Rebelled Against The
    WORK IN PROGRESS. DO NOT CITE OR ATTRIBUTE WITHOUT PERMISSION International Society as a Historical Subject Erez Manela, Harvard University For quite some time now, historians have been venturing well beyond the spatial and methodological enclosures of nation-states that had long defined the modern discipline, writing more history that is variously described as international, transnational, transregional, global, or world history.1 In a certain sense, the recent turn to histories that go beyond a single nation or region is actually a return. After all, the concern with history that transcends national enclosures goes back to the origins of the modern discipline, and Leopold von Ranke himself had written about the need to write a weltgeschichte that would go beyond national boundaries.2 Still, the historical profession, to an unusual extent among the disciplines that study human societies, has long been divided into geographically defined subfields structured around national or regional enclosures. There are compelling methodological reasons for this, not least the emphasis that historians place on the acquisition of language skills and other forms of knowledge specific to a single society or region. But structuring the discipline around national or regional 1 A recent examination of this trend is Kenneth Pomeranz, “Histories for a Less National Age,” American Historical Review 119, No. 1 (2014), 1-22. For earlier explorations of this theme see Akira Iriye, “The Internationalization of History,” American Historical Review 94, No. 1 (1988), 1-10; Ian Tyrrell, “American Exceptionalism in an Age of International History,” American Historical Review 96 (1991); David Thelen, “The Nation and Beyond: Transnational Perspectives on United States History,” Journal of American History 86 (1999); and Eric Foner, “American Freedom in a Global Age,” American Historical Review 106 (2001).
    [Show full text]
  • War and Disintegration, 1914-1950
    War and Disintegration, 1914-1950 Jari Eloranta* and Mark Harrison** This is a draft chapter for Unifying the European Experience: An Economic History of Modern Europe, edited by Stephen Broadberry and Kevin O’Rourke, in preparation for publication by Cambridge University Press. * Department of History, Appalachian State University, Boone, NC 28608, USA. Email: [email protected] . ** Department of Economics, University of Warwick, Coventry CV4 7AL, UK Email: [email protected]. War and Disintegration, 1914-1950 Introduction Between 1914 and 1945 Europe’s economic development and integration were interrupted and set back by two world wars, and its regional patterns were brutally distorted by combat, exterminations, migrations, and the redrawing of borders.1 World War I (the ‘Great War’ of 1914-1918) set more than thirty countries into conflict with each other and led to ten million premature deaths. It was dwarfed only by World War II (1939-1945), in which more than sixty countries waged war and the war prematurely ended the lives of more than 55 million people (Broadberry and Harrison, 2005b). As for who fought whom, there were limited continuities: in both wars, Germany, Austria, and Hungary fought Britain, France, and Russia for much of the time. Other allegiances changed. For ease of reference, Table 6.1 lists the European countries that were in or out of each war and, if in, on what side. Table 6.1 Although punctuated by an ‘interwar period,’ the two wars can be understood as a single historical process. The process was global but the European dimension was fundamental to it.
    [Show full text]
  • Read Keith Thomas' the Wolfson History Prize 1972-2012
    THE WOLFSON HISTORY PRIZE 1972-2012 An Informal History Keith Thomas THE WOLFSON HISTORY PRIZE 1972-2012 An Informal History Keith Thomas The Wolfson Foundation, 2012 Published by The Wolfson Foundation 8 Queen Anne Street London W1G 9LD www.wolfson.org.uk Copyright © The Wolfson Foundation, 2012 All rights reserved The Wolfson Foundation is grateful to the National Portrait Gallery for allowing the use of the images from their collection Excerpts from letters of Sir Isaiah Berlin are quoted with the permission of the trustees of the Isaiah Berlin Literary Trust, who own the copyright Printed in Great Britain by The Bartham Group ISBN 978-0-9572348-0-2 This account draws upon the History Prize archives of the Wolfson Foundation, to which I have been given unrestricted access. I have also made use of my own papers and recollections. I am grateful to Paul Ramsbottom and Sarah Newsom for much assistance. The Foundation bears no responsibility for the opinions expressed, which are mine alone. K.T. Lord Wolfson of Marylebone Trustee of the Wolfson Foundation from 1955 and Chairman 1972-2010 © The Wolfson Foundation FOREWORD The year 1972 was a pivotal one for the Wolfson Foundation: my father, Lord Wolfson of Marylebone, became Chairman and the Wolfson History Prize was established. No coincidence there. History was my father’s passion and primary source of intellectual stimulation. History books were his daily companions. Of all the Foundation’s many activities, none gave him greater pleasure than the History Prize. It is an immense sadness that he is not with us to celebrate the fortieth anniversary.
    [Show full text]