DALHOUSIE UNIVERSITY Department of History

Fall 2013

Nazism and German Society 1933-1945

[ HIST 4501: TOPICS IN MODERN HISTORY ]

W, 9:35am-12:25pm LSC-Psych P4208

J. Bingham Office Hours: Department of History T 1:00-2:30 McCain 3173 W 1:30-3:00 Phone: 494-3641 [email protected]

COURSE TEXTS

1. The following required textbook is available for purchase at Dalhousie University Bookstore. · Robert Gellately, Backing Hitler: Consent and Coercion in ($36.84) ***PLEASE NOTE: Also available as an online e-book from Killam Library!!

2. The following required text is available for purchase online: · , The Hitler Myth: Image and Reality in the Third Reich (amazon.ca: $16.62)

3. The following recommend text is available for purchase online: · Ian Kershaw, The Nazi Dictatorship: Problems and Perspectives of Interpretation (3rd or 4th eds. only, 1993/2000: US$ 23.30 – US Amazon.com = best price)

Bibliographic aids and recommended titles are listed below.

CLASS FORMAT

This course is taught mainly through seminar discussion. It is critical that students keep firmly in mind that participation in seminar is a fundamental part of satisfactory performance in the course. Lively discussion, friendly and collegial argument, and a spirit of collective scholarly enterprise ensure that the seminar will be most rewarding for everyone. (In other words, you get out of it what you put in). All students are therefore expected to contribute equally to seminar discussions. Doing the required reading is a basic part of understanding the subject matter. Students are expected to complete all assigned readings before the seminar meets. Doing the readings ahead of time and being present for class is thus absolutely essential to satisfactory performance.

NOTE : Repeated absence from class without a satisfactory reason may lead to removal from the course.

GRADING / ASSIGNMENTS

Assignments are to be submitted to me by email no later than 3:30 p.m. on the due date, as *.pdf or *.doc attachments.

§ Research Essay (approx. 25 pages) 45%

[ DRAFT OPTION First Draft Due: 6 Nov 30% ] } Final Draft Due: 20 Nov 15% ] [ NO DRAFT OPTION Final Draft Due: 20 Nov 45% ]

§ Research Presentations - in class—27 Nov 20% § Participation/ Attendance 35%

ESSAYS, EXTENSIONS, ETHOS

Format guidelines and research help are available online at the History Department’s “Style Guide.” Click on the link for “Current Students” at history.dal.ca. A hard copy is available free in the History Department, 1158 McCain.

Please note!! Although essays may research a wide variety of topics, you must okay your topic with me before you begin research and writing. Your essay will not be accepted if the topic has not been pre-approved.

Keep in mind that library resources are limited, and usage of books can be extremely heavy, depending on subject matter and availability. Students are advised to begin formulating an essay topic early and, once the topic is approved, to begin research immediately. If you wait until the last minute, you may not be able to get the materials you need. Lack of research materials will not be accepted as an excuse for late submission of essays. If you have questions or need assistance with your topic or research materials, please ask me. Good places to start are in materials on reserve in the Killam Library, under the course listing for HIST 4501 (follow the menus). Remember that books and articles not immediately available at Killam can be ordered free from other university libraries in the area via Novanet Express; delivery is usually within 48 hours.

Essays are to be typed or word-processed. Please double-space, number your pages, and leave 1-inch margins. Any paper that does not conform to all of these basic guidelines will be docked 10 percentage points automatically. In addition to content and analysis, history essays are assessed on structure, clarity of writing and proper grammar.

In order to be fair to all students, extensions are given only for certified medical or humanitarian reasons. It is each student's responsibility to ensure that essays reach me by the deadline. Assignments will be accepted up to two weeks late; however, a penalty of three percentage points will incur for each working day after the due date. ACADEMIC INTEGRITY

All students in this class are to read and understand the policies on academic integrity and plagiarism referenced in the Policies and Student Resources sections of the academicintegrity.dal.ca website. Ignorance of such policies is no excuse for violations. Any paper submitted by a student at Dalhousie University may be checked for originality to confirm that the student has not plagiarized from other sources. Plagiarism is considered a serious academic offence that may lead to loss of credit, suspension or expulsion from the University, or even to the revocation of a degree. It is essential that there be correct attribution of authorities from which facts and opinions have been derived. At Dalhousie there are University Regulations which deal with plagiarism and, prior to submitting any paper in a course, students should read the Policy on Intellectual Honesty contained in the Calendar or on the Online Dalhousie website. The Senate has affirmed the right of any instructor to require that student papers be submitted in both written and computer-readable format, and to submit any paper to be checked electronically for originality. As a student in this class, you are to keep an electronic copy of any paper you submit, and the course instructor may require you to submit that electronic copy on demand.

As a student in this class, you are to

• make electronic copies of different drafts as you write (“Save As” function - Draft1, Draft2, etc.) • submit an electronic copy of your paper/assignment via email attachment • keep an electronic copy of any paper your submit • keep all your research notes until you have received a final grade for the course

You may be required to submit at any time one or all of your writing drafts, as well as your research notes. If you have questions, please ask. Dalhousie offers extensive resources to help students understand and avoid plagiarism < http://www.dal.ca/dept/university_secretariat/academic- integrity.html>.

OFFICE OF STUDENT ACCESSIBILITY & ACCOMMODATION

Students may request accommodation as a result of barriers related to disability, religious obligation, or any characteristic under the Nova Scotia Human Rights Act. Students who require academic accommodation for either classroom participation or the writing of tests and exams should make their request to the Advising and Access Services Center (AASC) prior to or at the outset of the regular academic year. Please visit www.dal.ca/access for more information and to obtain the Request for Accommodation – Form A.

A note taker may be required as part of a student’s accommodation. There is an honorarium of $75/course/term (with some exceptions). If you are interested, please contact AASC at 494- 2836 for more information.

Please note that your classroom may contain specialized accessible furniture and equipment. It is important that these items remain in the classroom, untouched, so that students who require their usage will be able to participate in the class. SCHEDULE OF READINGS AND ASSIGNMENTS

√ = Required reading KLR = On Reserve in Killam Library “Noakes & Pridham” = J. Noakes and G. Pridham, eds., Nazism 1919-1945: A Documentary Reader (4 vols)

WEEK 1 Sep. 11 Introductions / The Historical Problems of Nazism and the Third Reich

WEEK 2 Sep. 18 Overview: The Third Reich I

√ Kershaw: Hitler Myth: ch. 2 √ Gellately: Backing Hitler: chs. 1-3

WEEK 3 Sep. 25 Overview: The Third Reich II

√ Kershaw: Hitler Myth: chs. 3-5

WEEK 4 Oct. 2 Power in the Third Reich

√ KLR Noakes & Pridham, chs. 6-10. √ Ian Kershaw, “‘Working Towards the Führer’: Reflections on the Nature of the Hitler Dictatorship,” Contemporary European History 2 (1993): 103-18.

ADDITIONAL

Christopher Browning, “Beyond ‘Intentionalism’ and ‘Functionalism’: The Decision for the Final Solution Reconsidered,” in Browning, The Path to Genocide, 86-121. KLR Ian Kershaw, “Hitler: “Master in the Third Reich” or “Weak Dictator?” in Kershaw, The Nazi Dictatorship: Problems and Perspectives of Interpretation (3rd or 4th eds. ONLY). William Carr, Hitler: A Study in Personality and Politics, chap. 2. Joachim Fest, The Face of the Third Reich

WEEK 5 Oct. 9 The Nazi Economy

√ KLR Noakes & Pridham, vol. 2, chs. 11, 13, 16 √ Articles by ,Tim Mason and David Kaiser in Past & Present, issues 116 (1987): 138-68. - and 122 (1989): 200-40. E-JOURNAL

ADDITIONAL

Richard Overy, The Nazi Economic Recovery, 1932-1938 Dan P. Silverman, Hitler’s Economy: Nazi Work Creation Programs, 1933-1936 Peter Hayes, Industry and Ideology: IG Farben in the Nazi Era J. , : The Making and Breaking of the Nazi Economy, chs. 7-8 Götz Aly, Hitler’s Beneficiaries: Plunder, Racial War, and the Nazi Welfare State

WEEK 6 Oct. 16 Everyday Life in Hitler’s Germany Terror, Conformity, Resistance

√ KLR Noakes & Pridham, vol. 2, chs. 17 and 24 √ EBOOK K.M. Mallmann and G. Paul, “Omniscient, Omnipotent, Omnipresent? Gestapo, Society and Resistance,” in Nazism and German Society, 1933-1945, ed. David F. Crews, 166-96 [Killam E-book]

ADDITIONAL

Bernt Engelmann, In Hitler’s Germany: Everyday Life in the Third Reich Peter Fritzsche, Life and Death in the Third Reich (Killam e-book) Mark Roseman, A Past in Hiding: Memory and Survival in Nazi Germany Viktor Klemperer, I Will Bear Witness (2 vols.) Alison Owings, Frauen: German Women Recall the Third Reich Nicholas Stargardt, Witnesses of War: Children’s Lives under the Nazis Eric Johnson, What We Knew: Terror, Mass Murder and Everyday Life in Nazi Germany Noel Cary, “Antisemitism, Everyday Life, and the Devastation of Public Morals in Nazi Germany,” Central European History 35 (2002): 551-589. Gordon J. Horwitz, In the Shadow of Death: Living Outside the Gates of Mauthausen Marion Kaplan, Between Dignity and Despair: Jewish Life in Nazi Germany, ch. 1 Paul Corner, ed., Popular opinion in totalitarian regimes : fascism, Nazism, Communism (essays by Otto Dov Kulka and Jill Stephenson)

WEEK 7 Oct. 23 “Nazi Culture”: Art / Music / Film / Architecture / Medicine / Science (and everything else)

√ KLR Jonathan Petropoulos, Art as Politics in the Third Reich, chs. 1-3

· Jonathan Petropoulos, The Faustian Bargain: The Art World in Nazi Germany · Claudia Koonz, The Nazi Conscience · Paul Jaskot, The Architecture of Oppression: The SS, Forced Labor and the Nazi Monumental Building Economy · Michael H. Kater, The Twisted Muse: Musicians and Their Music in the Third Reich · David Welch, Propaganda and the German Cinema, 1933-1945 · Sabine Hake, Popular Cinema of the Third Reich Michael Burleigh, The Robert N. Proctor, Racial Hygiene

ADDITIONAL

· Richard Etlin, ed., Art, Culture and Media under the Third Reich · Peter Paret, An Artist against the Third Reich: Ernst Barlach, 1933-1938 · Pamela Potter, Most German of the arts : musicology and society from the Weimar Republic to the end of Hitler’s Reich · Pamela Potter and Celia Applegate, eds., Music and German National Identity · Barbara Miller Lane, Architecture and Politics in Germany, 1918-1945 · Gitta Sereny, : His Battle with the Truth · Eric Rentschler, The Ministry of Illusion: Nazi Cinema and Its Afterlife · Hilmar Hoffmann, The Triumph Of Propaganda : Film And National Socialism, 1933-1945 · George Mosse, Nazi Culture (documents) Richard Steigmann-Gall, The Holy Reich: Nazi Conceptions of Christianity, 1919- 1945 Ines Schlenker, Hitler's Salon: The Grosse Deutsche Kunstausstellung at the Haus der Deutschen Kunst in Munich, 1937-1944’ Jonathan Huener and Francis R. Nicosia, eds., The Arts in Nazi Germany: Continuity, Conformity, Change Jana F. Bruns, Nazi Cinema’s New Women

WEEK 8 Oct. 30 Nazi Germany and the Second World War (I): 1939-1942

√ Gellately: Backing Hitler, chs. 4-10 √ Kershaw: Hitler Myth: chs. 6-9

ADDITIONAL

Jorg Friedrich, The Fire: the Bombing of Germany, 1940-1945 Roger Moorhouse, Berlin at War Ian Kershaw, The End: The Defiance and Destruction of Hitler’s Germany Richard J. Evans, The Third Reich at War , Hitler’s Empire Götz Aly, Hitler’s Beneficiaries: Plunder, Racial War, and the Nazi Welfare State, chs. 11-13 J. Adam Tooze, The Wages of Destruction: The Making and Breaking of the Nazi Economy, chs. 14-16 R Jonathan Petropoulos, Art as Politics in the Third Reich, chs. 4-6 Michael Burleigh, “Nazi Europe: What If Nazi Germany Had Defeated the ?” in Virtual History: Alternatives and Counterfactuals, ed. , 321-47.

WEEK 9 Nov. 6 Murder in the East

√ KLR Daniel Goldhagen, Hitler’s Willing Executioners √ KLR Christopher Browning, Ordinary Men KLR Robert Shandley, ed., Unwilling Germans?

ADDITIONAL

[handout sheet with list of reviews and commentaries on Goldhagen’s book] Gerald Feldman et al., eds., Networks of Nazi Persecution: Bureaucracy, Business, and the Organization of the Holocaust Frank Bajohr, “Aryanisation” in Hamburg: The Economic Exclusion of Jews and the Confiscation of Their Property in Nazi Germany Alexander J. Groth, “Demonizing the Germans: Goldhagen and Gellately on Nazism,” Political Science Reviewer 32 (2003): 118-58. Götz Aly, Hitler’s Beneficiaries: Plunder, Racial War, and the Nazi Welfare State Ernst Klee et al., eds., “The Good Old Days: The Holocaust As Seen By Its Perpetrators and Bystanders Timothy Snyder, Bloodlands: Europe between Hitler and Stalin

DRAFT OPTION: 1st Draft Due

WEEK 10 Nov. 13 Nazi Germany and the Second World War (II): 1942-1945

√ Gellately: Backing Hitler, chs. 4-10 √ Kershaw: Hitler Myth: chs. 6-9

ADDITIONAL

Jorg Friedrich, The Fire: the Bombing of Germany, 1940-1945 Roger Moorhouse, Berlin at War Ian Kershaw, The End: The Defiance and Destruction of Hitler’s Germany Richard J. Evans, The Third Reich at War Mark Mazower, Hitler’s Empire Götz Aly, Hitler’s Beneficiaries: Plunder, Racial War, and the Nazi Welfare State, chs. 11-13 J. Adam Tooze, The Wages of Destruction: The Making and Breaking of the Nazi Economy, chs. 14-16 R Jonathan Petropoulos, Art as Politics in the Third Reich, chs. 4-6 Michael Burleigh, “Nazi Europe: What If Nazi Germany Had Defeated the Soviet Union?” in Virtual History: Alternatives and Counterfactuals, ed. Niall Ferguson, 321-47.

WEEK 11 Nov. 20 “The End”: Chaos, Denazification, Justice

Ian Kershaw, The End: The Defiance and Destruction of Hitler’s Germany International Military Tribunal, Nazi Conspiracy and Aggression (8 vols.) International Military Tribunal, Trial of the major war criminals before the International Military Tribunal, Nuremberg, 14 November 1945 – 1 October 1946. (42 vols.) Giles MacDonogh, After the Reich: The Brutal History of the Allied Occupation James F. Tent, Mission on the Rhine : reeducation and denazification in American-occupied Germany Lawrence Douglas, The Memory Of Judgment : Making Law And History In The Trials Of The Holocaust Donald Bloxham, Genocide On Trial : The War Crimes Trials And The Formation Of Holocaust History And Memory Norbert Frei, Adenauer's Germany and the Nazi past : the politics of amnesty and integration Leon Goldensohn, The Nuremberg Interviews Gavriel Rosenfeld, The World Hitler Never Made: Alternate History and the Memory of Nazism

RESEARCH PAPERS DUE

WEEK 12 Nov. 27 Seminar Presentations